apacheCNml&dl

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yinkanglong_lab
2021-03-20 16:02:39 +08:00
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Copyright © 2020 ApacheCN(apachecn@163.com)
By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.
Section 1 Definitions.
a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.
b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
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In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
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For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
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Section 8 Interpretation.
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b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.
c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

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# Scikit-learn 秘籍
> 原书:[Scikit-learn Cookbook](https://www.packtpub.com/big-data-and-business-intelligence/scikit-learn-cookbook)
>
> 协议:[CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
>
> 欢迎任何人参与和完善:一个人可以走的很快,但是一群人却可以走的更远。
+ [ApacheCN 机器学习交流群 629470233](http://shang.qq.com/wpa/qunwpa?idkey=30e5f1123a79867570f665aa3a483ca404b1c3f77737bc01ec520ed5f078ddef)
+ [ApacheCN 学习资源](http://www.apachecn.org/)
<!--break-->
+ [在线阅读](https://www.gitbook.com/book/wizardforcel/sklearn-cookbook/details)
+ [PDF格式](https://www.gitbook.com/download/pdf/book/wizardforcel/sklearn-cookbook)
+ [EPUB格式](https://www.gitbook.com/download/epub/book/wizardforcel/sklearn-cookbook)
+ [MOBI格式](https://www.gitbook.com/download/mobi/book/wizardforcel/sklearn-cookbook)
+ [代码仓库](http://git.oschina.net/wizardforcel/sklearn-cb)
## 译者
| | 章节 | 译者 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 预处理 | [muxuezi](https://muxuezi.github.io/posts/1-premodel-workflow.html) |
| 2 | 回归 | [muxuezi](https://muxuezi.github.io/posts/2-working-with-linear-models.html) |
| 3 | 聚类 | [飞龙](https://github.com/wizardforcel) |
| 4 | 分类 | [飞龙](https://github.com/wizardforcel) |
| 5 | 后处理 | [飞龙](https://github.com/wizardforcel) |
## 赞助我
![](http://ww1.sinaimg.cn/large/841aea59ly1fx0qnvulnjj2074074747.jpg)

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+ [Scikit-learn 秘籍](README.md)
+ [第一章 模型预处理](1.md)
+ [第二章 处理线性模型](2.md)
+ [第三章 使用距离向量构建模型](3.md)
+ [第四章 使用 scikit-learn 对数据分类](4.md)
+ [第五章 模型后处理](5.md)

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=============================================================================*/
table th {
font-weight: bold;
}
table th, table td {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 6px 13px;
}
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
background-color: #fff;
}
table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
/* IMAGES
=============================================================================*/
img {
max-width: 100%
}

View File

@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
# <center>scikit-learn (sklearn) 官方文档中文版</center>
<center><img src="img/logo/scikit-learn-logo.png" alt="logo" /></center>
<br/>
<table>
<tr align="center">
<td><a title="sklearn 0.21.3[master] 中文文档" href="https://sklearn.apachecn.org/" target="_blank"><font size="5">sklearn 0.21.3 中文文档</font></a></td>
<td><a title="sklearn 0.21.3[master] 中文示例" href="https://sklearn.apachecn.org/docs/examples" target="_blank"><font size="5">sklearn 0.21.3 中文示例</font></a></td>
<td><a title="sklearn 英文官网" href="https://scikit-learn.org" target="_blank"><font size="5">sklearn 英文官网</font></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/>
---
## 介绍
sklearn (scikit-learn) 是基于 Python 语言的机器学习工具
1. 简单高效的数据挖掘和数据分析工具
2. 可供大家在各种环境中重复使用
3. 建立在 NumPy SciPy 和 matplotlib 上
4. 开源,可商业使用 - BSD许可证
> 组织构建[网站]
+ GitHub Pages(国外): https://sklearn.apachecn.org
+ Gitee Pages(国内): https://apachecn.gitee.io/sklearn-doc-zh
> 第三方站长[网站]
+ sklearn 中文文档: http://www.scikitlearn.com.cn
+ 地址A: xxx (欢迎留言,我们完善补充)
> 其他补充
+ [官方Github](https://github.com/apachecn/scikit-learn-doc-zh)
+ [EPUB 下载地址](https://github.com/apachecn/sklearn-doc-zh/raw/epub/sklearn_0.21.3_2019_12_13.epub)
## 下载
### Docker
```
docker pull apachecn0/sklearn-doc-zh
docker run -tid -p <port>:80 apachecn0/sklearn-doc-zh
# 访问 http://localhost:{port} 查看文档
```
### PYPI
```
pip install sklearn-doc-zh
sklearn-doc-zh <port>
# 访问 http://localhost:{port} 查看文档
```
### NPM
```
npm install -g sklearn-doc-zh
sklearn-doc-zh <port>
# 访问 http://localhost:{port} 查看文档
```
## 目录
* [安装 scikit-learn](docs/master/62.md)
* 用户指南
* [1. 监督学习](docs/master/1.md)
* [1.1. 广义线性模型](docs/master/2.md)
* [1.2. 线性和二次判别分析](docs/master/3.md)
* [1.3. 内核岭回归](docs/master/4.md)
* [1.4. 支持向量机](docs/master/5.md)
* [1.5. 随机梯度下降](docs/master/6.md)
* [1.6. 最近邻](docs/master/7.md)
* [1.7. 高斯过程](docs/master/8.md)
* [1.8. 交叉分解](docs/master/9.md)
* [1.9. 朴素贝叶斯](docs/master/10.md)
* [1.10. 决策树](docs/master/11.md)
* [1.11. 集成方法](docs/master/12.md)
* [1.12. 多类和多标签算法](docs/master/13.md)
* [1.13. 特征选择](docs/master/14.md)
* [1.14. 半监督学习](docs/master/15.md)
* [1.15. 等式回归](docs/master/16.md)
* [1.16. 概率校准](docs/master/17.md)
* [1.17. 神经网络模型(有监督)](docs/master/18.md)
* [2. 无监督学习](docs/master/19.md)
* [2.1. 高斯混合模型](docs/master/20.md)
* [2.2. 流形学习](docs/master/21.md)
* [2.3. 聚类](docs/master/22.md)
* [2.4. 双聚类](docs/master/23.md)
* [2.5. 分解成分中的信号(矩阵分解问题)](docs/master/24.md)
* [2.6. 协方差估计](docs/master/25.md)
* [2.7. 新奇和异常值检测](docs/master/26.md)
* [2.8. 密度估计](docs/master/27.md)
* [2.9. 神经网络模型(无监督)](docs/master/28.md)
* [3. 模型选择和评估](docs/master/29.md)
* [3.1. 交叉验证:评估估算器的表现](docs/master/30.md)
* [3.2. 调整估计器的超参数](docs/master/31.md)
* [3.3. 模型评估: 量化预测的质量](docs/master/32.md)
* [3.4. 模型持久化](docs/master/33.md)
* [3.5. 验证曲线: 绘制分数以评估模型](docs/master/34.md)
* [4. 检验](docs/master/35.md)
* [4.1. 部分依赖图](docs/master/36.md)
* [5. 数据集转换](docs/master/37.md)
* [5.1. Pipeline管道和 FeatureUnion特征联合: 合并的评估器](docs/master/38.md)
* [5.2. 特征提取](docs/master/39.md)
* [5.3 预处理数据](docs/master/40.md)
* [5.4 缺失值插补](docs/master/41.md)
* [5.5. 无监督降维](docs/master/42.md)
* [5.6. 随机投影](docs/master/43.md)
* [5.7. 内核近似](docs/master/44.md)
* [5.8. 成对的矩阵, 类别和核函数](docs/master/45.md)
* [5.9. 预测目标 (`y`) 的转换](docs/master/46.md)
* [6. 数据集加载工具](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.1. 通用数据集 API](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.2. 玩具数据集](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.3 真实世界中的数据集](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.4. 样本生成器](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.5. 加载其他数据集](docs/master/47.md)
* [7. 使用scikit-learn计算](docs/master/48.md)
* [7.1. 大规模计算的策略: 更大量的数据](docs/master/48.md)
* [7.2. 计算性能](docs/master/48.md)
* [7.3. 并行性、资源管理和配置](docs/master/48.md)
* [教程](docs/master/50.md)
* [使用 scikit-learn 介绍机器学习](docs/master/51.md)
* [关于科学数据处理的统计学习教程](docs/master/52.md)
* [机器学习: scikit-learn 中的设置以及预估对象](docs/master/53.md)
* [监督学习:从高维观察预测输出变量](docs/master/54.md)
* [模型选择:选择估计量及其参数](docs/master/55.md)
* [无监督学习: 寻求数据表示](docs/master/56.md)
* [把它们放在一起](docs/master/57.md)
* [寻求帮助](docs/master/58.md)
* [处理文本数据](docs/master/59.md)
* [选择正确的评估器(estimator.md)](docs/master/60.md)
* [外部资源,视频和谈话](docs/master/61.md)
* [API 参考](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html)
* [常见问题](docs/master/63.md)
* [时光轴](docs/master/64.md)
## 历史版本
* [scikit-learn (sklearn) 0.19 官方文档中文版](https://github.com/apachecn/sklearn-doc-zh/tree/master/docs/0.19.x.zip)
* [scikit-learn (sklearn) 0.18 官方文档中文版](http://cwiki.apachecn.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=10030181)
如何编译使用历史版本:
* 解压 `0.19.x.zip` 文件夹
*`master/img` 的图片资源, 复制到 `0.19.x` 里面去
* gitbook 正常编译过程,可以使用 `sh run_website.sh`
## 贡献指南
项目当前处于校对阶段,请查看[贡献指南](CONTRIBUTING.md),并在[整体进度](https://github.com/apachecn/sklearn-doc-zh/issues/352)中领取任务。
> 请您勇敢地去翻译和改进翻译。虽然我们追求卓越,但我们并不要求您做到十全十美,因此请不要担心因为翻译上犯错——在大部分情况下,我们的服务器已经记录所有的翻译,因此您不必担心会因为您的失误遭到无法挽回的破坏。(改编自维基百科)
## 项目负责人
格式: GitHub + QQ
> 第一期 (2017-09-29)
* [@那伊抹微笑](https://github.com/wangyangting)
* [@片刻](https://github.com/jiangzhonglian)
* [@小瑶](https://github.com/chenyyx)
> 第二期 (2019-06-29)
* [@N!no](https://github.com/lovelybuggies)1352899627
* [@mahaoyang](https://github.com/mahaoyang)992635910
* [@loopyme](https://github.com/loopyme)3322728009
* [飞龙](https://github.com/wizardforcel)562826179
* [片刻](https://github.com/jiangzhonglian)529815144
-- 负责人要求: (欢迎一起为 `sklearn 中文版本` 做贡献)
* 热爱开源,喜欢装逼
* 长期使用 sklearn(至少0.5年) + 提交Pull Requests>=3
* 能够有时间及时优化页面 bug 和用户 issues
* 试用期: 2个月
* 欢迎联系: [片刻](https://github.com/jiangzhonglian) 529815144
## 贡献者
[【0.19.X】贡献者名单](https://github.com/apachecn/sklearn-doc-zh/issues/354)
## 建议反馈
* 在我们的 [apachecn/pytorch-doc-zh](https://github.com/apachecn/sklearn-doc-zh) github 上提 issue.
* 发邮件到 Email: `apachecn@163.com`.
* 在我们的 [QQ群-搜索: 交流方式](https://github.com/apachecn/home) 中联系群主/管理员即可.
## **项目协议**
* **最近有很多人联系我们,关于内容授权问题!**
* 开源是指知识应该重在传播和迭代(而不是禁止别人转载)
* 不然你TM在GitHub开源然后又说不让转载你TM有病吧
* 禁止商业化,符合协议规范,备注地址来源,**重点: 不需要**发邮件给我们申请
* ApacheCN 账号下没有协议的项目,一律视为 [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh)。
温馨提示:
* 对于个人想自己copy一份再更新的人
* 我也是有这样的经历,但是这种激情维持不了几个月,就泄气了!
* 不仅浪费了你的心血,还浪费了更多人看到你的翻译成果!很可惜!你觉得呢?
* 个人的建议是: fork -> pull requests 到 `https://github.com/apachecn/sklearn-doc-zh`
* 那为什么要选择 `ApacheCN` 呢?
* 因为我们做翻译这事情是觉得开心和装逼,比较纯粹!
* 你如果喜欢,你可以来参与/甚至负责这个项目,没有任何学历和背景的限制
## 赞助我们
<img src="http://data.apachecn.org/img/about/donate.jpg" alt="微信&支付宝" />

View File

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
* [安装 scikit-learn](docs/master/62.md)
* 用户指南
* [1. 监督学习](docs/master/1.md)
* [1.1. 广义线性模型](docs/master/2.md)
* [1.2. 线性和二次判别分析](docs/master/3.md)
* [1.3. 内核岭回归](docs/master/4.md)
* [1.4. 支持向量机](docs/master/5.md)
* [1.5. 随机梯度下降](docs/master/6.md)
* [1.6. 最近邻](docs/master/7.md)
* [1.7. 高斯过程](docs/master/8.md)
* [1.8. 交叉分解](docs/master/9.md)
* [1.9. 朴素贝叶斯](docs/master/10.md)
* [1.10. 决策树](docs/master/11.md)
* [1.11. 集成方法](docs/master/12.md)
* [1.12. 多类和多标签算法](docs/master/13.md)
* [1.13. 特征选择](docs/master/14.md)
* [1.14. 半监督学习](docs/master/15.md)
* [1.15. 等式回归](docs/master/16.md)
* [1.16. 概率校准](docs/master/17.md)
* [1.17. 神经网络模型(有监督)](docs/master/18.md)
* [2. 无监督学习](docs/master/19.md)
* [2.1. 高斯混合模型](docs/master/20.md)
* [2.2. 流形学习](docs/master/21.md)
* [2.3. 聚类](docs/master/22.md)
* [2.4. 双聚类](docs/master/23.md)
* [2.5. 分解成分中的信号(矩阵分解问题)](docs/master/24.md)
* [2.6. 协方差估计](docs/master/25.md)
* [2.7. 新奇和异常值检测](docs/master/26.md)
* [2.8. 密度估计](docs/master/27.md)
* [2.9. 神经网络模型(无监督)](docs/master/28.md)
* [3. 模型选择和评估](docs/master/29.md)
* [3.1. 交叉验证:评估估算器的表现](docs/master/30.md)
* [3.2. 调整估计器的超参数](docs/master/31.md)
* [3.3. 模型评估: 量化预测的质量](docs/master/32.md)
* [3.4. 模型持久化](docs/master/33.md)
* [3.5. 验证曲线: 绘制分数以评估模型](docs/master/34.md)
* [4. 检验](docs/master/35.md)
* [4.1. 部分依赖图](docs/master/36.md)
* [5. 数据集转换](docs/master/37.md)
* [5.1. Pipeline管道和 FeatureUnion特征联合: 合并的评估器](docs/master/38.md)
* [5.2. 特征提取](docs/master/39.md)
* [5.3 预处理数据](docs/master/40.md)
* [5.4 缺失值插补](docs/master/41.md)
* [5.5. 无监督降维](docs/master/42.md)
* [5.6. 随机投影](docs/master/43.md)
* [5.7. 内核近似](docs/master/44.md)
* [5.8. 成对的矩阵, 类别和核函数](docs/master/45.md)
* [5.9. 预测目标 (`y`) 的转换](docs/master/46.md)
* [6. 数据集加载工具](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.1. 通用数据集 API](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.2. 玩具数据集](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.3 真实世界中的数据集](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.4. 样本生成器](docs/master/47.md)
* [6.5. 加载其他数据集](docs/master/47.md)
* [7. 使用scikit-learn计算](docs/master/48.md)
* [7.1. 大规模计算的策略: 更大量的数据](docs/master/48.md)
* [7.2. 计算性能](docs/master/48.md)
* [7.3. 并行性、资源管理和配置](docs/master/48.md)
* [教程](docs/master/50.md)
* [使用 scikit-learn 介绍机器学习](docs/master/51.md)
* [关于科学数据处理的统计学习教程](docs/master/52.md)
* [机器学习: scikit-learn 中的设置以及预估对象](docs/master/53.md)
* [监督学习:从高维观察预测输出变量](docs/master/54.md)
* [模型选择:选择估计量及其参数](docs/master/55.md)
* [无监督学习: 寻求数据表示](docs/master/56.md)
* [把它们放在一起](docs/master/57.md)
* [寻求帮助](docs/master/58.md)
* [处理文本数据](docs/master/59.md)
* [选择正确的评估器(estimator.md)](docs/master/60.md)
* [外部资源,视频和谈话](docs/master/61.md)
* [API 参考](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html)
* [常见问题](docs/master/63.md)
* [时光轴](docs/master/64.md)

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@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
# 频谱双聚类算法演示
> 翻译者:[@N!no](https://github.com/lovelybuggies)
> 校验者:待校验
这个例子演示了如何使用光谱聚类算法生成棋盘数据集并对其进行聚类处理。
数据是用`make_checkerboard`函数生成的,然后打乱顺序并传递给光谱双聚类算法。变换后的矩阵的行和列被重新排列,以显示该算法找到的双聚类。
行和列标签向量的外积表示棋盘结构。
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_biclustering_001.png)
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_biclustering_002.png)
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_biclustering_003.png)
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_biclustering_004.png)
```
consensus score: 1.0
```
```python
print(__doc__)
# Author: Kemal Eren <kemal@kemaleren.com>
# License: BSD 3 clause
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_checkerboard
from sklearn.cluster import SpectralBiclustering
from sklearn.metrics import consensus_score
n_clusters = (4, 3)
data, rows, columns = make_checkerboard(
shape=(300, 300), n_clusters=n_clusters, noise=10,
shuffle=False, random_state=0)
plt.matshow(data, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("Original dataset")
# 打乱聚类顺序
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
row_idx = rng.permutation(data.shape[0])
col_idx = rng.permutation(data.shape[1])
data = data[row_idx][:, col_idx]
plt.matshow(data, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("Shuffled dataset")
model = SpectralBiclustering(n_clusters=n_clusters, method='log',
random_state=0)
model.fit(data)
score = consensus_score(model.biclusters_,
(rows[:, row_idx], columns[:, col_idx]))
print("consensus score: {:.1f}".format(score))
fit_data = data[np.argsort(model.row_labels_)]
fit_data = fit_data[:, np.argsort(model.column_labels_)]
plt.matshow(fit_data, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("After biclustering; rearranged to show biclusters")
plt.matshow(np.outer(np.sort(model.row_labels_) + 1,
np.sort(model.column_labels_) + 1),
cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("Checkerboard structure of rearranged data")
plt.show()
```

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@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
# 频谱共聚算法演示
> 翻译者:[@N!no](https://github.com/lovelybuggies)
> 校验者:待校验
这个例子演示了如何使用谱协聚类算法生成数据集并对其进行双聚类处理。
数据集是使用 `make_biclusters` 函数生成的,该函数创建一个小值矩阵,并将大值植入双聚类。然后将行和列打乱并传递给光谱协聚算法。通过重新排列变换后的矩阵可以使双聚类连续,这展示出该算法找到双聚类的准确性。
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_coclustering_001.png)
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_coclustering_002.png)
![png](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/_images/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_coclustering_003.png)
```
consensus score: 1.0
```
```python
print(__doc__)
# Author: Kemal Eren <kemal@kemaleren.com>
# License: BSD 3 clause
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_biclusters
from sklearn.cluster import SpectralCoclustering
from sklearn.metrics import consensus_score
data, rows, columns = make_biclusters(
shape=(300, 300), n_clusters=5, noise=5,
shuffle=False, random_state=0)
plt.matshow(data, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("Original dataset")
# 打乱聚类的位置
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
row_idx = rng.permutation(data.shape[0])
col_idx = rng.permutation(data.shape[1])
data = data[row_idx][:, col_idx]
plt.matshow(data, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("Shuffled dataset")
model = SpectralCoclustering(n_clusters=5, random_state=0)
model.fit(data)
score = consensus_score(model.biclusters_,
(rows[:, row_idx], columns[:, col_idx]))
print("consensus score: {:.3f}".format(score))
fit_data = data[np.argsort(model.row_labels_)]
fit_data = fit_data[:, np.argsort(model.column_labels_)]
plt.matshow(fit_data, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
plt.title("After biclustering; rearranged to show biclusters")
plt.show()
```

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@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
# 使用频谱共聚算法对文档进行聚合
> 翻译者:[@N!no](https://github.com/lovelybuggies)
> 校验者:待校验
这个例子演示了20个新闻组数据集上的光谱协聚类算法。comp.os.ms-windows.misc 类别被排除在外,因为它包含许多只包含数据的帖子。
TF-IDF 矢量帖构成一个词频矩阵,然后使用 Dhillon 光谱协聚算法对其进行重组。由此产生的文档词双聚类表明在这些子集文档中被使用频率更高的子集词。
对于一些最好的双聚类来说,它最常见的文档类别和十个最重要的单词会被打印出来。最佳双类别由其归一化的切割决定。最好的单词是通过比较它们在两区内和两区外的总和来确定的。
为了进行比较,我们还使用 MiniBatchKMeans 对文档进行集群。从双聚类衍生出的文档聚类比使用 MiniBatchKMeans 得到的聚类具有更好的 V-measure。
```
Vectorizing...
Coclustering...
Done in 2.75s. V-measure: 0.4387
MiniBatchKMeans...
Done in 5.69s. V-measure: 0.3344
Best biclusters:
----------------
bicluster 0 : 1829 documents, 2524 words
categories : 22% comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware, 19% comp.sys.mac.hardware, 18% comp.graphics
words : card, pc, ram, drive, bus, mac, motherboard, port, windows, floppy
bicluster 1 : 2391 documents, 3275 words
categories : 18% rec.motorcycles, 17% rec.autos, 15% sci.electronics
words : bike, engine, car, dod, bmw, honda, oil, motorcycle, behanna, ysu
bicluster 2 : 1887 documents, 4232 words
categories : 23% talk.politics.guns, 19% talk.politics.misc, 13% sci.med
words : gun, guns, firearms, geb, drugs, banks, dyer, amendment, clinton, cdt
bicluster 3 : 1146 documents, 3263 words
categories : 29% talk.politics.mideast, 26% soc.religion.christian, 25% alt.atheism
words : god, jesus, christians, atheists, kent, sin, morality, belief, resurrection, marriage
bicluster 4 : 1732 documents, 3967 words
categories : 26% sci.crypt, 23% sci.space, 17% sci.med
words : clipper, encryption, key, escrow, nsa, crypto, keys, intercon, secure, wiretap
```
```python
from collections import defaultdict
import operator
from time import time
import numpy as np
from sklearn.cluster import SpectralCoclustering
from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.metrics.cluster import v_measure_score
print(__doc__)
def number_normalizer(tokens):
""" 将所有数字标记映射到占位符。
对于许多应用程序来说,以数字开头的令牌并没有直接的用处,但是这样的令牌存在的事实可能是相关的。通过应用这种降维形式,一些方法可能会表现得更好。
"""
return ("#NUMBER" if token[0].isdigit() else token for token in tokens)
class NumberNormalizingVectorizer(TfidfVectorizer):
def build_tokenizer(self):
tokenize = super().build_tokenizer()
return lambda doc: list(number_normalizer(tokenize(doc)))
# 不包含 'comp.os.ms-windows.misc' 类别
categories = ['alt.atheism', 'comp.graphics',
'comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware', 'comp.sys.mac.hardware',
'comp.windows.x', 'misc.forsale', 'rec.autos',
'rec.motorcycles', 'rec.sport.baseball',
'rec.sport.hockey', 'sci.crypt', 'sci.electronics',
'sci.med', 'sci.space', 'soc.religion.christian',
'talk.politics.guns', 'talk.politics.mideast',
'talk.politics.misc', 'talk.religion.misc']
newsgroups = fetch_20newsgroups(categories=categories)
y_true = newsgroups.target
vectorizer = NumberNormalizingVectorizer(stop_words='english', min_df=5)
cocluster = SpectralCoclustering(n_clusters=len(categories),
svd_method='arpack', random_state=0)
kmeans = MiniBatchKMeans(n_clusters=len(categories), batch_size=20000,
random_state=0)
print("Vectorizing...")
X = vectorizer.fit_transform(newsgroups.data)
print("Coclustering...")
start_time = time()
cocluster.fit(X)
y_cocluster = cocluster.row_labels_
print("Done in {:.2f}s. V-measure: {:.4f}".format(
time() - start_time,
v_measure_score(y_cocluster, y_true)))
print("MiniBatchKMeans...")
start_time = time()
y_kmeans = kmeans.fit_predict(X)
print("Done in {:.2f}s. V-measure: {:.4f}".format(
time() - start_time,
v_measure_score(y_kmeans, y_true)))
feature_names = vectorizer.get_feature_names()
document_names = list(newsgroups.target_names[i] for i in newsgroups.target)
def bicluster_ncut(i):
rows, cols = cocluster.get_indices(i)
if not (np.any(rows) and np.any(cols)):
import sys
return sys.float_info.max
row_complement = np.nonzero(np.logical_not(cocluster.rows_[i]))[0]
col_complement = np.nonzero(np.logical_not(cocluster.columns_[i]))[0]
# 注意:接下来的操作等同于 X[rows[:, np.newaxis], cols].sum()
# 但是会针对于 scipy <= 0.16 的版本更快一些
weight = X[rows][:, cols].sum()
cut = (X[row_complement][:, cols].sum() +
X[rows][:, col_complement].sum())
return cut / weight
def most_common(d):
"""默认字典有最大值的项。
在 Python >= 2.7 中类似于 Counter.most_common 。
"""
return sorted(d.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
bicluster_ncuts = list(bicluster_ncut(i)
for i in range(len(newsgroups.target_names)))
best_idx = np.argsort(bicluster_ncuts)[:5]
print()
print("Best biclusters:")
print("----------------")
for idx, cluster in enumerate(best_idx):
n_rows, n_cols = cocluster.get_shape(cluster)
cluster_docs, cluster_words = cocluster.get_indices(cluster)
if not len(cluster_docs) or not len(cluster_words):
continue
# 种类
counter = defaultdict(int)
for i in cluster_docs:
counter[document_names[i]] += 1
cat_string = ", ".join("{:.0f}% {}".format(float(c) / n_rows * 100, name)
for name, c in most_common(counter)[:3])
# 单词
out_of_cluster_docs = cocluster.row_labels_ != cluster
out_of_cluster_docs = np.where(out_of_cluster_docs)[0]
word_col = X[:, cluster_words]
word_scores = np.array(word_col[cluster_docs, :].sum(axis=0) -
word_col[out_of_cluster_docs, :].sum(axis=0))
word_scores = word_scores.ravel()
important_words = list(feature_names[cluster_words[i]]
for i in word_scores.argsort()[:-11:-1])
print("bicluster {} : {} documents, {} words".format(
idx, n_rows, n_cols))
print("categories : {}".format(cat_string))
print("words : {}\n".format(', '.join(important_words)))
```

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# 示例
英文地址: <https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html>
## 其他示例
scikit-learn 的 Miscellaneous 和入门示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_changed_only_pprint_parameter_thumb.png) <br/> [紧凑的估计表示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_changed_only_pprint_parameter.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-changed-only-pprint-parameter-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id2) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_roc_curve_visualization_api_thumb.png) <br/> [带有可视化API的ROC曲线](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_roc_curve_visualization_api.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-roc-curve-visualization-api-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id3) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_isotonic_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [序回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_isotonic_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-isotonic-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id4) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_partial_dependence_visualization_api_thumb.png) <br/> [先进的绘图具有部分依赖](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_partial_dependence_visualization_api.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-partial-dependence-visualization-api-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id5) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_multioutput_face_completion_thumb.png) <br/> [使用多输出估计器完成人脸](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_multioutput_face_completion.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-multioutput-face-completion-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id6) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_multilabel_thumb.png) <br/> [多标签分类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_multilabel.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-multilabel-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id7) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_anomaly_comparison_thumb.png) <br/> [比较异常检测算法以对玩具数据集进行异常检测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_anomaly_comparison.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-anomaly-comparison-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id8) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_johnson_lindenstrauss_bound_thumb.png) <br/> [具有随机投影嵌入的Johnson-Lindenstrauss边界](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_johnson_lindenstrauss_bound.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-johnson-lindenstrauss-bound-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id9) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kernel_ridge_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [内核岭回归和SVR的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_kernel_ridge_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-kernel-ridge-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id10) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kernel_approximation_thumb.png) <br/> [RBF内核的显式特征图逼近](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/plot_kernel_approximation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-plot-kernel-approximation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id11) |
## 双聚类
有关`sklearn.cluster.bicluster`模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_coclustering_thumb.png) <br/> [频谱共聚算法演示](Biclustering/a_demo_of_the_spectral_co-clustering_algorithm.md) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_spectral_biclustering_thumb.png) <br/> [频谱双聚类算法的演示](Biclustering/a_demo_of_the_spectral_clustering_algorithm.md) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_bicluster_newsgroups_thumb.png) <br/> [使用频谱共聚算法对文档进行聚合](Biclustering/biclustering_documents_with_the_spectral_co-clustering_algorithm.md) ||
## 校准
举例说明了对分类器的预测概率进行校准的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_compare_calibration_thumb.png) <br/> [分类器校准的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/calibration/plot_compare_calibration.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-calibration-plot-compare-calibration-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id15) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_calibration_curve_thumb.png) <br/> [概率校准曲线](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/calibration/plot_calibration_curve.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-calibration-plot-calibration-curve-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id16) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_calibration_thumb.png) <br/> [分类器的概率校准](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/calibration/plot_calibration.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-calibration-plot-calibration-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id17) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_calibration_multiclass_thumb.png) <br/> [3级分类的概率校准](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/calibration/plot_calibration_multiclass.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-calibration-plot-calibration-multiclass-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id18) |
## 分类
有关分类算法的一般示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lda_thumb.png) <br/> [分类法线和收缩线线性判别分析](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_lda.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-classification-plot-lda-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id19) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [识别手写数字](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_digits_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-classification-plot-digits-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id20) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_classification_probability_thumb.png) <br/> [情节分类概率](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_classification_probability.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-classification-plot-classification-probability-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id21) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_classifier_comparison_thumb.png) <br/> [分类器比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_classifier_comparison.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-classification-plot-classifier-comparison-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id22) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lda_qda_thumb.png) <br/> [线性和二次判别分析与协方差椭球](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_lda_qda.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-classification-plot-lda-qda-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id23) |
## 多聚类
有关[`sklearn.cluster`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.cluster "sklearn.cluster")模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_agglomerative_dendrogram_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制层次聚类树状图](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_agglomerative_dendrogram.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-agglomerative-dendrogram-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id24) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_agglomeration_thumb.png) <br/> [功能集聚](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_digits_agglomeration.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-digits-agglomeration-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id25) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mean_shift_thumb.png) <br/> [均值漂移聚类算法的演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_mean_shift.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-mean-shift-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id26) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kmeans_assumptions_thumb.png) <br/> [的k均值假设示范](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_kmeans_assumptions.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-kmeans-assumptions-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id27) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_dict_face_patches_thumb.png) <br/> [在线学习面部表情字典](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_dict_face_patches.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-dict-face-patches-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id28) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_face_compress_thumb.png) <br/> [矢量量化示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_face_compress.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-face-compress-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id29) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_affinity_propagation_thumb.png) <br/> [相似性传播聚类算法演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_affinity_propagation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-affinity-propagation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id30) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_agglomerative_clustering_thumb.png) <br/> [有和没有结构的聚集聚类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_agglomerative_clustering.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-agglomerative-clustering-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id31) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_coin_segmentation_thumb.png) <br/> [分割区域中希腊硬币的图片](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_coin_segmentation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-coin-segmentation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id32) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_linkage_thumb.png) <br/> [二维数字嵌入中的各种聚集聚类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_digits_linkage.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-digits-linkage-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id33) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cluster_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [K-means聚类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_cluster_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-cluster-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id34) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_segmentation_toy_thumb.png) <br/> [光谱聚类用于图像分割](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_segmentation_toy.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-segmentation-toy-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id35) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_coin_ward_segmentation_thumb.png) <br/> [硬币图像上的结构化Ward层次聚类演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_coin_ward_segmentation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-coin-ward-segmentation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id36) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_dbscan_thumb.png) <br/> [DBSCAN聚类算法演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_dbscan.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-dbscan-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id37) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_color_quantization_thumb.png) <br/> [使用K均值的颜色量化](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_color_quantization.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-color-quantization-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id38) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ward_structured_vs_unstructured_thumb.png) <br/> [分层聚类:结构化与非结构化病房](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_ward_structured_vs_unstructured.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-ward-structured-vs-unstructured-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id39) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_agglomerative_clustering_metrics_thumb.png) <br/> [具有不同指标的聚集集群](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_agglomerative_clustering_metrics.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-agglomerative-clustering-metrics-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id40) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_inductive_clustering_thumb.png) <br/> [归纳聚类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_inductive_clustering.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-inductive-clustering-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id41) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_optics_thumb.png) <br/> [OPTICS聚类算法演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_optics.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-optics-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id42) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_birch_vs_minibatchkmeans_thumb.png) <br/> [比较桦木和MiniBatchKMeans](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_birch_vs_minibatchkmeans.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-birch-vs-minibatchkmeans-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id43) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kmeans_stability_low_dim_dense_thumb.png) <br/> [k均值初始化影响的实证评估](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_kmeans_stability_low_dim_dense.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-kmeans-stability-low-dim-dense-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id44) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_adjusted_for_chance_measures_thumb.png) <br/> [集群绩效评估中机会的调整](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_adjusted_for_chance_measures.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-adjusted-for-chance-measures-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id45) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mini_batch_kmeans_thumb.png) <br/> [K-Means和MiniBatchKMeans聚类算法的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_mini_batch_kmeans.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-mini-batch-kmeans-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id46) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_feature_agglomeration_vs_univariate_selection_thumb.png) <br/> [特征集聚与单变量选择](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_feature_agglomeration_vs_univariate_selection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-feature-agglomeration-vs-univariate-selection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id47) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kmeans_digits_thumb.png) <br/> [手写数字数据上的K-Means聚类演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_kmeans_digits.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-kmeans-digits-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id48) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_linkage_comparison_thumb.png) <br/> [比较玩具数据集上的不同层次链接方法](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_linkage_comparison.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-linkage-comparison-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id49) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kmeans_silhouette_analysis_thumb.png) <br/> [在KMeans聚类上通过轮廓分析选择聚类数量](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_kmeans_silhouette_analysis.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-kmeans-silhouette-analysis-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id50) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cluster_comparison_thumb.png) <br/> [比较玩具数据集上的不同聚类算法](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_cluster_comparison.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-cluster-comparison-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id51) |
## 协方差估计
有关[`sklearn.covariance`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.covariance)模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lw_vs_oas_thumb.png) <br/> [Ledoit-Wolf与OAS估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/covariance/plot_lw_vs_oas.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-covariance-plot-lw-vs-oas-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id52) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sparse_cov_thumb.png) <br/> [稀疏逆协方差估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/covariance/plot_sparse_cov.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-covariance-plot-sparse-cov-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id53) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_covariance_estimation_thumb.png) <br/> [收缩协方差估计LedoitWolf与OAS和最大似然性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/covariance/plot_covariance_estimation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-covariance-plot-covariance-estimation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id54) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mahalanobis_distances_thumb.png) <br/> [健壮的协方差估计和马氏距离相关性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/covariance/plot_mahalanobis_distances.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-covariance-plot-mahalanobis-distances-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id55) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_robust_vs_empirical_covariance_thumb.png) <br/> [乐百氏VS实证协方差估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/covariance/plot_robust_vs_empirical_covariance.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-covariance-plot-robust-vs-empirical-covariance-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id56) |
## 交叉分解
有关[`sklearn.cross_decomposition`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.cross_decomposition "sklearn.cross_decomposition")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_compare_cross_decomposition_thumb.png) <br/> [比较交叉分解方法](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cross_decomposition/plot_compare_cross_decomposition.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-cross-decomposition-plot-compare-cross-decomposition-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id57) |
## 数据集示例
有关[`sklearn.datasets`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.datasets "sklearn.datasets")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_last_image_thumb.png) <br/> [Digit数据集](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/datasets/plot_digits_last_image.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-datasets-plot-digits-last-image-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id58) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_iris_dataset_thumb.png) <br/> [虹膜数据集](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/datasets/plot_iris_dataset.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-datasets-plot-iris-dataset-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id59) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_random_dataset_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制随机生成的分类数据集](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/datasets/plot_random_dataset.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-datasets-plot-random-dataset-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id60) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_random_multilabel_dataset_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制随机生成的多标签数据集](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/datasets/plot_random_multilabel_dataset.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-datasets-plot-random-multilabel-dataset-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id61) |
## 决策树
有关[`sklearn.tree`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.tree "sklearn.tree")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_tree_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [决策树回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_tree_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-tree-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id62) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_tree_regression_multioutput_thumb.png) <br/> [多路输出决策树回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_tree_regression_multioutput.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-tree-regression-multioutput-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id63) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_iris_dtc_thumb.png) <br/> [在虹膜数据集上绘制决策树的决策面](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-iris-dtc-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id64) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cost_complexity_pruning_thumb.png) <br/> [使用成本复杂度修剪来修剪修剪决策树](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_cost_complexity_pruning.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-cost-complexity-pruning-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id65) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_unveil_tree_structure_thumb.png) <br/> [了解决策树结构](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_unveil_tree_structure.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-unveil-tree-structure-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id66) |
## 分解
有关[`sklearn.decomposition`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.decomposition "sklearn。分解")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_beta_divergence_thumb.png) <br/> [β-发散损失函数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_beta_divergence.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-beta-divergence-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id67) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_pca_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [具有虹膜数据集的PCA示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_pca_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-pca-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id68) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_incremental_pca_thumb.png) <br/> [增量](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_incremental_pca.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-incremental-pca-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id69) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_pca_vs_lda_thumb.png) <br/> [Iris数据集的LDA和PCA二维投影的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_pca_vs_lda.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-pca-vs-lda-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id70) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ica_blind_source_separation_thumb.png) <br/> [使用FastICA进行盲源分离](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_ica_blind_source_separation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-ica-blind-source-separation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id71) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_pca_3d_thumb.png) <br/> [主成分分析PCA](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_pca_3d.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-pca-3d-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id72) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ica_vs_pca_thumb.png) <br/> [2D点云上的](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_ica_vs_pca.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-ica-vs-pca-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id73) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kernel_pca_thumb.png) <br/> [内核](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_kernel_pca.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-kernel-pca-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id74) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_pca_vs_fa_model_selection_thumb.png) <br/> [概率PCA和因子分析FA进行模型选择](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_pca_vs_fa_model_selection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-pca-vs-fa-model-selection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id75) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sparse_coding_thumb.png) <br/> [使用预先计算的字典进行稀疏编码](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_sparse_coding.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-sparse-coding-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id76) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_image_denoising_thumb.png) <br/> [图片使用字典学习去噪](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_image_denoising.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-image-denoising-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id77) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_faces_decomposition_thumb.png) <br/> [Faces数据集分解](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_faces_decomposition.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-faces-decomposition-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id78) |
## 集成方法
有关[`sklearn.ensemble`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.ensemble "sklearn.ensemble")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_forest_importances_faces_thumb.png) <br/> [并行树木森林的像素重要性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_forest_importances_faces.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-forest-importances-faces-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id79) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_adaboost_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [使用AdaBoost进行决策树回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_adaboost_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-adaboost-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id80) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_voting_regressor_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制个人和投票回归预测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_voting_regressor.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-voting-regressor-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id81) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_forest_importances_thumb.png) <br/> [树木森林的功能重要性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_forest_importances.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-forest-importances-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id82) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_isolation_forest_thumb.png) <br/> [IsolationForest示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_isolation_forest.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-isolation-forest-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id83) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_voting_decision_regions_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制VotingClassifier的决策边界](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_voting_decision_regions.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-voting-decision-regions-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id84) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_random_forest_regression_multioutput_thumb.png) <br/> [比较随机森林和多输出元估计器](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_random_forest_regression_multioutput.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-random-forest-regression-multioutput-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id85) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gradient_boosting_quantile_thumb.png) <br/> [梯度提升回归的预测间隔](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_gradient_boosting_quantile.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-gradient-boosting-quantile-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id86) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gradient_boosting_regularization_thumb.png) <br/> [梯度提升正则化](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_gradient_boosting_regularization.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-gradient-boosting-regularization-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id87) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_voting_probas_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制由VotingClassifier计算的类概率](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_voting_probas.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-voting-probas-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id88) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gradient_boosting_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [梯度推进回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_gradient_boosting_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-gradient-boosting-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id89) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ensemble_oob_thumb.png) <br/> [随机森林的OOB错误](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_ensemble_oob.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-ensemble-oob-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id90) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_adaboost_twoclass_thumb.png) <br/> [两个级的AdaBoost](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_adaboost_twoclass.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-adaboost-twoclass-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id91) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_random_forest_embedding_thumb.png) <br/> [使用完全随机树的哈希特征转换](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_random_forest_embedding.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-random-forest-embedding-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id92) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_adaboost_multiclass_thumb.png) <br/> [多类AdaBoosted决策树](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_adaboost_multiclass.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-adaboost-multiclass-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id93) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_adaboost_hastie_10_2_thumb.png) <br/> [离散相对真正的AdaBoost](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_adaboost_hastie_10_2.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-adaboost-hastie-10-2-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id94) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_stack_predictors_thumb.png) <br/> [使用堆叠组合预测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_stack_predictors.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-stack-predictors-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id95) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gradient_boosting_early_stopping_thumb.png) <br/> [提前终止的梯度推进](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_gradient_boosting_early_stopping.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-gradient-boosting-early-stopping-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id96) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_feature_transformation_thumb.png) <br/> [带有树群的特征变换](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_feature_transformation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-feature-transformation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id97) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gradient_boosting_oob_thumb.png) <br/> [梯度提升袋外估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_gradient_boosting_oob.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-gradient-boosting-oob-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id98) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_bias_variance_thumb.png) <br/> [单一估计器与装袋:偏差方差分解](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_bias_variance.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-bias-variance-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id99) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_forest_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [在虹膜数据集上绘制树木合奏的决策面](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/ensemble/plot_forest_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-ensemble-plot-forest-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id100) |
## 基于真实数据集的示例
具有一些中等大小的数据集或交互式用户界面的现实问题的应用程序。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_outlier_detection_housing_thumb.png) <br/> [真实数据集的异常值检测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_outlier_detection_housing.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-outlier-detection-housing-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id101) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_tomography_l1_reconstruction_thumb.png) <br/> [压缩感测使用L1先验Lasso进行层析成像重建](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_tomography_l1_reconstruction.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-tomography-l1-reconstruction-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id102) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_topics_extraction_with_nmf_lda_thumb.png) <br/> [非负矩阵分解和隐含狄利克雷分布话题提取](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_topics_extraction_with_nmf_lda.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-topics-extraction-with-nmf-lda-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id103) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_face_recognition_thumb.png) <br/> [使用特征脸和支持向量机的](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_face_recognition.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-face-recognition-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id104 "Permalink to this image")[识别示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_face_recognition.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-face-recognition-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id104) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_model_complexity_influence_thumb.png) <br/> [模型复杂度影响](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_model_complexity_influence.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-model-complexity-influence-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id105) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_stock_market_thumb.png) <br/> [可视化的股市结构](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_stock_market.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-stock-market-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id106) | ![](img/sphx_glr_wikipedia_principal_eigenvector_thumb.png) <br/> [维基百科的主要特征向量](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/wikipedia_principal_eigenvector.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-wikipedia-principal-eigenvector-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id107) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_species_distribution_modeling_thumb.png) <br/> [物种分布建模](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_species_distribution_modeling.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-species-distribution-modeling-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id108) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_svm_gui_thumb.png) <br/> [Libsvm](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/svm_gui.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-svm-gui-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id109) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_prediction_latency_thumb.png) <br/> [预测延迟](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_prediction_latency.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-prediction-latency-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id110) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_out_of_core_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [文本文档的核心分类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/applications/plot_out_of_core_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-plot-out-of-core-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id111) |
## 特征选择
有关[`sklearn.feature_selection`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.feature_selection "sklearn.feature_selection")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_rfe_digits_thumb.png) <br/> [递归特征消除](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_rfe_digits.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-rfe-digits-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id112) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_f_test_vs_mi_thumb.png) <br/> [F检验和相互信息的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_f_test_vs_mi.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-f-test-vs-mi-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id113) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_feature_selection_pipeline_thumb.png) <br/> [管道Anova](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_feature_selection_pipeline.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-feature-selection-pipeline-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id114) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_rfe_with_cross_validation_thumb.png) <br/> [通过交叉验证消除递归特征](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_rfe_with_cross_validation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-rfe-with-cross-validation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id115) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_select_from_model_boston_thumb.png) <br/> [使用SelectFromModel和LassoCV特征选择](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_select_from_model_boston.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-select-from-model-boston-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id116) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_permutation_test_for_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [与排列测试的分类评分的意义](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_permutation_test_for_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-permutation-test-for-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id117) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_feature_selection_thumb.png) <br/> [单变量特征选择](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/feature_selection/plot_feature_selection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-feature-selection-plot-feature-selection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id118) |
## 高斯混合模型
有关[`sklearn.mixture`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.mixture "sklearn.mixture")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gmm_pdf_thumb.png) <br/> [高斯混合的密度估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/mixture/plot_gmm_pdf.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-mixture-plot-gmm-pdf-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id119) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gmm_thumb.png) <br/> [高斯混合模型椭球](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/mixture/plot_gmm.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-mixture-plot-gmm-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id120) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gmm_selection_thumb.png) <br/> [高斯混合模型选择](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/mixture/plot_gmm_selection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-mixture-plot-gmm-selection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id121) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gmm_covariances_thumb.png) <br/> [GMM协方差](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/mixture/plot_gmm_covariances.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-mixture-plot-gmm-covariances-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id122) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gmm_sin_thumb.png) <br/> [高斯混合模型正弦曲线](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/mixture/plot_gmm_sin.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-mixture-plot-gmm-sin-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id123) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_concentration_prior_thumb.png) <br/> [贝叶斯高斯混合变量的浓度先验类型分析](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/mixture/plot_concentration_prior.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-mixture-plot-concentration-prior-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id124) |
## 高斯机器学习过程
有关[`sklearn.gaussian_process`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.gaussian_process "sklearn.gaussian_process")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpc_xor_thumb.png) <br/> [XOR数据集上的高斯过程分类GPC的图示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpc_xor.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpc-xor-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id125) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpc_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [虹膜数据集上的高斯过程分类GPC](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpc_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpc-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id126) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_compare_gpr_krr_thumb.png) <br/> [核岭和高斯过程回归的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_compare_gpr_krr.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-compare-gpr-krr-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id127) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpr_prior_posterior_thumb.png) <br/> [不同内核的先验和后验高斯过程的图示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpr_prior_posterior.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpr-prior-posterior-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id128) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpc_isoprobability_thumb.png) <br/> [高斯过程分类GPC的等概率线](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpc_isoprobability.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpc-isoprobability-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id129) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpc_thumb.png) <br/> [概率预测的结果与高斯过程分类GPC](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpc.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpc-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id130) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpr_noisy_thumb.png) <br/> [具有噪声水平估计的高斯过程回归GPR](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpr_noisy.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpr-noisy-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id131) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpr_noisy_targets_thumb.png) <br/> [高斯过程回归:基本入门示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpr_noisy_targets.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpr-noisy-targets-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id132) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpr_co2_thumb.png) <br/> [基于Mauna Loa CO2数据的高斯过程回归GPR](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpr_co2.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpr-co2-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id133) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_gpr_on_structured_data_thumb.png) <br/> [离散数据结构上的高斯过程](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/gaussian_process/plot_gpr_on_structured_data.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-gaussian-process-plot-gpr-on-structured-data-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id134) |
## 广义线性模型
有关[`sklearn.linear_model`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.linear_model "sklearn.linear_model")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lasso_lars_thumb.png) <br/> [使用LARS的套索路径](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_lasso_lars.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-lasso-lars-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id135) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ridge_path_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制岭系数作为正则化的函数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ridge_path.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ridge-path-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id136) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_separating_hyperplane_thumb.png) <br/> [SGD最大余量分隔超平面](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_separating_hyperplane.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-separating-hyperplane-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id137) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_loss_functions_thumb.png) <br/> [SGD凸损失函数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_loss_functions.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-loss-functions-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id138) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ols_ridge_variance_thumb.png) <br/> [普通最小二乘法和岭回归方差](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ols_ridge_variance.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ols-ridge-variance-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id139) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ridge_coeffs_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制Ridge系数作为L2正则化的函数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ridge_coeffs.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ridge-coeffs-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id140) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_penalties_thumb.png) <br/> [SGD罚款](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_penalties.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-penalties-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id141) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_polynomial_interpolation_thumb.png) <br/> [多项式插值](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_polynomial_interpolation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-polynomial-interpolation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id142) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_logistic_thumb.png) <br/> [物流功能](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_logistic.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-logistic-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id143) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_logistic_path_thumb.png) <br/> [L1-Logistic回归的正规化道路](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_logistic_path.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-logistic-path-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id144) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_iris_logistic_thumb.png) <br/> [Logistic回归3类分类器](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_iris_logistic.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-iris-logistic-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id145) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_weighted_samples_thumb.png) <br/> [SGD加权样本](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_weighted_samples.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-weighted-samples-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id146) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ols_thumb.png) <br/> [线性回归示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ols.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ols-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id147) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ransac_thumb.png) <br/> [使用RANSAC进行稳健的线性模型估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ransac.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ransac-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id148) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ols_3d_thumb.png) <br/> [稀疏实施例装修仅设有1和2](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ols_3d.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ols-3d-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id149) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_huber_vs_ridge_thumb.png) <br/> [HuberRegressor VS岭集具有较强的异常](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_huber_vs_ridge.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-huber-vs-ridge-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id150) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lasso_dense_vs_sparse_data_thumb.png) <br/> [套索上密集和稀疏数据](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_lasso_dense_vs_sparse_data.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-lasso-dense-vs-sparse-data-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id151) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_comparison_thumb.png) <br/> [比较各种在线求解器](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_comparison.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-comparison-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id152) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_multi_task_lasso_support_thumb.png) <br/> [多任务套索的联合特征选择](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_multi_task_lasso_support.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-multi-task-lasso-support-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id153) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sparse_logistic_regression_mnist_thumb.png) <br/> [使用多项式逻辑+ L1的MNIST分类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sparse_logistic_regression_mnist.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sparse-logistic-regression-mnist-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id154) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [在虹膜数据集上绘制多类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id155) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_omp_thumb.png) <br/> [正交匹配追踪](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_omp.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-omp-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id156) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lasso_and_elasticnet_thumb.png) <br/> [套索和弹性网用于稀疏信号](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_lasso_and_elasticnet.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-lasso-and-elasticnet-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id157) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_bayesian_ridge_curvefit_thumb.png) <br/> [贝叶斯岭回归的曲线拟合](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_bayesian_ridge_curvefit.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-bayesian-ridge-curvefit-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id158) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_theilsen_thumb.png) <br/> [Theil-Sen回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_theilsen.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-theilsen-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id159) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_logistic_multinomial_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制多项式和一对一静态Logistic回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_logistic_multinomial.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-logistic-multinomial-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id160) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_robust_fit_thumb.png) <br/> [稳健的线性估计器拟合](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_robust_fit.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-robust-fit-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id161) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_logistic_l1_l2_sparsity_thumb.png) <br/> [Logistic回归中的L1惩罚和稀疏性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_logistic_l1_l2_sparsity.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-logistic-l1-l2-sparsity-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id162) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lasso_coordinate_descent_path_thumb.png) <br/> [套索和弹性网络](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_lasso_coordinate_descent_path.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-lasso-coordinate-descent-path-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id163) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_ard_thumb.png) <br/> [自动相关性确定回归ARD](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_ard.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-ard-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id164) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_bayesian_ridge_thumb.png) <br/> [贝叶斯岭回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_bayesian_ridge.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-bayesian-ridge-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id165) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sparse_logistic_regression_20newsgroups_thumb.png) <br/> [20newgroups上的多类稀疏逻辑回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sparse_logistic_regression_20newsgroups.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sparse-logistic-regression-20newsgroups-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id166) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lasso_model_selection_thumb.png) <br/> [套索模型选择:交叉验证/ AIC /](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_lasso_model_selection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-lasso-model-selection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id167) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_sgd_early_stopping_thumb.png) <br/> [早期停止随机梯度下降的](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/linear_model/plot_sgd_early_stopping.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-linear-model-plot-sgd-early-stopping-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id168) |
## 检查
与[`sklearn.inspection`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.inspection "斯克莱恩检查")模块有关的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_permutation_importance_multicollinear_thumb.png) <br/> [具有多重共线性或相关特征的置换重要性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/inspection/plot_permutation_importance_multicollinear.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-inspection-plot-permutation-importance-multicollinear-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id169) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_permutation_importance_thumb.png) <br/> [排列重要性与随机森林特征重要性MDI](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/inspection/plot_permutation_importance.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-inspection-plot-permutation-importance-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id170) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_partial_dependence_thumb.png) <br/> [部分依赖图](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/inspection/plot_partial_dependence.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-inspection-plot-partial-dependence-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id171) |
## 流形学习
有关[`sklearn.manifold`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.manifold "sklearn。流形")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_swissroll_thumb.png) <br/> [使用LLE减少瑞士卷](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/manifold/plot_swissroll.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-manifold-plot-swissroll-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id172) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_compare_methods_thumb.png) <br/> [流形学习方法的比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/manifold/plot_compare_methods.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-manifold-plot-compare-methods-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id173) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mds_thumb.png) <br/> [多维缩放](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/manifold/plot_mds.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-manifold-plot-mds-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id174) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_t_sne_perplexity_thumb.png) <br/> [叔SNE各种困惑值对形状的影响](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/manifold/plot_t_sne_perplexity.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-manifold-plot-t-sne-perplexity-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id175) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_manifold_sphere_thumb.png) <br/> [截断球面上的流形学习方法](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/manifold/plot_manifold_sphere.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-manifold-plot-manifold-sphere-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id176) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lle_digits_thumb.png) <br/> [手写数字流形学习局部线性嵌入Isomap…](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/manifold/plot_lle_digits.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-manifold-plot-lle-digits-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id177) |
## 缺失值插补
有关[`sklearn.impute`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.impute "sklearn.impute")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_iterative_imputer_variants_comparison_thumb.png) <br/> [使用IterativeImputer的变体估算缺失值](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/impute/plot_iterative_imputer_variants_comparison.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-impute-plot-iterative-imputer-variants-comparison-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id178) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_missing_values_thumb.png) <br/> [在构建估算器之前估算缺失值](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/impute/plot_missing_values.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-impute-plot-missing-values-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id179) |
## 选型
与[`sklearn.model_selection`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.model_selection "sklearn.model_selection")模块有关的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cv_predict_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制交叉验证的预测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_cv_predict.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-cv-predict-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id180) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_confusion_matrix_thumb.png) <br/> [混淆矩阵](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_confusion_matrix.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-confusion-matrix-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id181) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_validation_curve_thumb.png) <br/> [绘图验证曲线](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_validation_curve.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-validation-curve-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id182) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_underfitting_overfitting_thumb.png) <br/> [拟合不足与拟合过度](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_underfitting_overfitting.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-underfitting-overfitting-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id183) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_grid_search_digits_thumb.png) <br/> [使用带有交叉验证的网格搜索进行参数估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_grid_search_digits.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-grid-search-digits-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id184) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_randomized_search_thumb.png) <br/> [对于比较估计超参数随机搜索和网格搜索](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_randomized_search.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-randomized-search-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id185) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_train_error_vs_test_error_thumb.png) <br/> [训练错误与测试错误](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_train_error_vs_test_error.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-train-error-vs-test-error-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id186) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_roc_crossval_thumb.png) <br/> [具有交叉验证的接收器操作特性ROC](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc_crossval.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-roc-crossval-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id187) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_nested_cross_validation_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [嵌套与非嵌套交叉验证](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_nested_cross_validation_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-nested-cross-validation-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id188) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_multi_metric_evaluation_thumb.png) <br/> [在cross_val_score和GridSearchCV上进行多指标评估的演示](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_multi_metric_evaluation.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-multi-metric-evaluation-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id189) | ![](img/sphx_glr_grid_search_text_feature_extraction_thumb.png) <br/> [用于文本特征提取和评估的示例管道](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/grid_search_text_feature_extraction.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-grid-search-text-feature-extraction-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id190) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_grid_search_refit_callable_thumb.png) <br/> [平衡模型的复杂性和交叉验证的分数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_grid_search_refit_callable.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-grid-search-refit-callable-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id191) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cv_indices_thumb.png) <br/> [在scikit-learn中可视化交叉验证行为](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_cv_indices.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-cv-indices-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id192) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_roc_thumb.png) <br/> [接收器工作特性ROC](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-roc-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id193) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_precision_recall_thumb.png) <br/> [精密召回](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_precision_recall.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-precision-recall-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id194) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_learning_curve_thumb.png) <br/> [绘制学习曲线](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_learning_curve.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-learning-curve-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id195) |
## 多输出方法
有关[`sklearn.multioutput`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.multioutput "sklearn.multioutput")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_classifier_chain_yeast_thumb.png) <br/> [分类器链](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/multioutput/plot_classifier_chain_yeast.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-multioutput-plot-classifier-chain-yeast-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id196) |
## 最近邻
有关[`sklearn.neighbors`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.neighbors "sklearn.neighbors")模块的示例。
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| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [最近邻居回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id197) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lof_outlier_detection_thumb.png) <br/> [使用局部离群因子LOF进行离群检测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_lof_outlier_detection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-lof-outlier-detection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id198) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [最近邻居分类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id199) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_nearest_centroid_thumb.png) <br/> [最近质心分类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_nearest_centroid.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-nearest-centroid-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id200) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_kde_sampling_thumb.png) <br/> [核密度估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_digits_kde_sampling.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-digits-kde-sampling-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id201) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_caching_nearest_neighbors_thumb.png) <br/> [缓存最近的邻居](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_caching_nearest_neighbors.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-caching-nearest-neighbors-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id202) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_nca_illustration_thumb.png) <br/> [邻域成分分析图](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_nca_illustration.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-nca-illustration-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id203) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_lof_novelty_detection_thumb.png) <br/> [具有局部异常值LOF的新颖性检测](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_lof_novelty_detection.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-lof-novelty-detection-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id204) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_nca_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [比较具有和不具有邻域分量分析的最近邻域](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_nca_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-nca-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id205) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_nca_dim_reduction_thumb.png) <br/> [使用邻域分量分析进行](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_nca_dim_reduction.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-nca-dim-reduction-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id206)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_nca_dim_reduction.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-nca-dim-reduction-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id206) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_species_kde_thumb.png) <br/> [物种分布的核密度估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_species_kde.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-species-kde-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id207) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_kde_1d_thumb.png) <br/> [简单的1D内核密度估计](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/plot_kde_1d.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-plot-kde-1d-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id208) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_approximate_nearest_neighbors_thumb.png) <br/> [TSNE中的近似最近邻居](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neighbors/approximate_nearest_neighbors.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neighbors-approximate-nearest-neighbors-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id209) |
## 神经网络
有关[`sklearn.neural_network`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.neural_network "sklearn.neural_network")模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mnist_filters_thumb.png) <br/> [在MNIST上可视化MLP权重](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_mnist_filters.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neural-networks-plot-mnist-filters-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id210) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_rbm_logistic_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [用于数字分类的受限玻尔兹曼机功能](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_rbm_logistic_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neural-networks-plot-rbm-logistic-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id211) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mlp_alpha_thumb.png) <br/> [在多层感知变化正规化](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_mlp_alpha.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neural-networks-plot-mlp-alpha-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id212) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_mlp_training_curves_thumb.png) <br/> [比较随机学习策略MLPClassifier](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_mlp_training_curves.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neural-networks-plot-mlp-training-curves-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id213) |
## 管道和复合估计器
由其他估算器组成变压器和管道的示例。请参阅《[用户指南》](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/compose.html#combining-estimators)。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_feature_union_thumb.png) <br/> [连结多个特征提取方法](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/compose/plot_feature_union.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-compose-plot-feature-union-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id214) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_pipe_thumb.png) <br/> [流水线链接PCA和逻辑回归](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/compose/plot_digits_pipe.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-compose-plot-digits-pipe-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id215) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_column_transformer_mixed_types_thumb.png) <br/> [混合类型的列转换器](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/compose/plot_column_transformer_mixed_types.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-compose-plot-column-transformer-mixed-types-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id216) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_compare_reduction_thumb.png) <br/> [使用Pipeline和GridSearchCV选择降维](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/compose/plot_compare_reduction.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-compose-plot-compare-reduction-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id217) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_column_transformer_thumb.png) <br/> [具有异构数据源的列转换器](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/compose/plot_column_transformer.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-compose-plot-column-transformer-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id218) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_transformed_target_thumb.png) <br/> [在回归模型中转换目标的效果](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/compose/plot_transformed_target.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-compose-plot-transformed-target-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id219) |
## 预处理
有关[`sklearn.preprocessing`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.preprocessing "sklearn。预处理")模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_function_transformer_thumb.png) <br/> [使用FunctionTransformer选择列](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_function_transformer.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-function-transformer-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id220) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_discretization_thumb.png) <br/> [使用KBinsDiscretizer离散化连续特征](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_discretization.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-discretization-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id221) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_discretization_strategies_thumb.png) <br/> [演示KBinsDiscretizer的不同策略](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_discretization_strategies.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-discretization-strategies-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id222) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_scaling_importance_thumb.png) <br/> [特征缩放的重要性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_scaling_importance.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-scaling-importance-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id223) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_map_data_to_normal_thumb.png) <br/> [地图数据正态分布](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_map_data_to_normal.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-map-data-to-normal-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id224) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_discretization_classification_thumb.png) <br/> [功能离散](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_discretization_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-discretization-classification-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id225) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_all_scaling_thumb.png) <br/> [比较不同缩放器对数据与异常值的影响](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/preprocessing/plot_all_scaling.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-preprocessing-plot-all-scaling-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id226) |
## 发布要点
这些示例说明了scikit-learn发行版的主要功能。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_release_highlights_0_22_0_thumb.png) <br/> [scikit-learn 0.22的发行要点](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/release_highlights/plot_release_highlights_0_22_0.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-release-highlights-plot-release-highlights-0-22-0-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id227) |
## 半监督分类
有关[`sklearn.semi_supervised`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.semi_supervised "sklearn.semi_supervised")模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_label_propagation_versus_svm_iris_thumb.png) <br/> [Iris数据集上标签传播与SVM的决策边界](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_versus_svm_iris.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-semi-supervised-plot-label-propagation-versus-svm-iris-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id228) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_label_propagation_structure_thumb.png) <br/> [标签传播学习复杂的结构](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_structure.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-semi-supervised-plot-label-propagation-structure-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id229) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_label_propagation_digits_thumb.png) <br/> [标签传播数字:演示性能](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_digits.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-semi-supervised-plot-label-propagation-digits-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id230) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning_thumb.png) <br/> [标签传播数字主动学习](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-semi-supervised-plot-label-propagation-digits-active-learning-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id231) |
## 支持向量机
有关[`sklearn.svm`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.svm "sklearn.svm")模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_nonlinear_thumb.png) <br/> [非线性](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_nonlinear.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-nonlinear-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id232) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_separating_hyperplane_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM最大余量分隔超平面](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_separating_hyperplane.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-separating-hyperplane-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id233) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_custom_kernel_thumb.png) <br/> [具有自定义内核的](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_custom_kernel.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-custom-kernel-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id234) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_linearsvc_support_vectors_thumb.png) <br/> [在LinearSVC中绘制支持向量](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_linearsvc_support_vectors.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-linearsvc-support-vectors-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id235) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_tie_breaking_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM中断示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_tie_breaking.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-tie-breaking-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id236) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_weighted_samples_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM加权样本](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_weighted_samples.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-weighted-samples-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id237) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_separating_hyperplane_unbalanced_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM为不平衡的类分离超平面](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_separating_hyperplane_unbalanced.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-separating-hyperplane-unbalanced-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id238) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_kernels_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM内核](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_kernels.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-kernels-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id239) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_anova_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM-Anova具有单变量特征选择的](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_anova.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-anova-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id240) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_regression_thumb.png) <br/> [使用线性和非线性内核支持向量回归SVR](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_regression.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-regression-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id241) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_margin_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM保证金示例](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_margin.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-margin-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id242) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_oneclass_thumb.png) <br/> [具有非线性内核RBF的一类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_oneclass.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-oneclass-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id243) |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_iris_svc_thumb.png) <br/> [在虹膜数据集中绘制不同的SVM分类器](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_iris_svc.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-iris-svc-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id244) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_svm_scale_c_thumb.png) <br/> [扩展SVC的正则化参数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_svm_scale_c.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-svm-scale-c-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id245) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_rbf_parameters_thumb.png) <br/> [RBF SVM参数](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/svm/plot_rbf_parameters.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-svm-plot-rbf-parameters-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id246) |
## 教程练习
教程练习。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_digits_classification_exercise_thumb.png) <br/> [数字分类练习](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/exercises/plot_digits_classification_exercise.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-exercises-plot-digits-classification-exercise-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id247) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cv_digits_thumb.png) <br/> [交叉验证数字数据集练习](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/exercises/plot_cv_digits.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-exercises-plot-cv-digits-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id248) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_iris_exercise_thumb.png) <br/> [SVM练习](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/exercises/plot_iris_exercise.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-exercises-plot-iris-exercise-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id249) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_cv_diabetes_thumb.png) <br/> [糖尿病运动数据集交叉验证](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/exercises/plot_cv_diabetes.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-exercises-plot-cv-diabetes-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id250) |
## 文本文档工作
有关[`sklearn.feature_extraction.text`](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#module-sklearn.feature_extraction.text "sklearn.feature_extraction.text")模块的示例。
| | | | |
| -- | -- | -- | -- |
| ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_hashing_vs_dict_vectorizer_thumb.png) <br/> [FeatureHasher和DictVectorizer比较](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/text/plot_hashing_vs_dict_vectorizer.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-text-plot-hashing-vs-dict-vectorizer-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id251) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_document_clustering_thumb.png) <br/> [使用k-means聚类文本文档](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/text/plot_document_clustering.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-text-plot-document-clustering-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id252) | ![](img/sphx_glr_plot_document_classification_20newsgroups_thumb.png) <br/> [使用稀疏特征对文本文档进行分类](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/text/plot_document_classification_20newsgroups.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-text-plot-document-classification-20newsgroups-py)[](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html#id253)

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* 其他示例
* 双聚类
* [频谱共聚算法演示](Biclustering/a_demo_of_the_spectral_co-clustering_algorithm.md)
* [频谱双聚类算法演示](Biclustering/a_demo_of_the_spectral_clustering_algorithm.md)
* [使用频谱共聚算法对文档进行聚合](Biclustering/biclustering_documents_with_the_spectral_co-clustering_algorithm.md)
* 校准
* 分类
* 多聚类
* 协方差估计
* 交叉分解
* 数据集示例
* 决策树
* 分解
* 集成方法
* 基于真实数据集的示例
* 特征选择
* 高斯混合模型
* 高斯机器学习过程
* 广义线性模型
* [Lasso 和弹性网络在稀疏信号上的表现](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_lasso_and_elasticnet.md)
* [Lasso 和弹性网络](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_lasso_coordinate_descent_path.md)
* [Lasso 模型选择:交叉验证 / AIC / BIC](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_lasso_model_selection.md)
* [多任务 Lasso 实现联合特征选择](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_multi_task_lasso_support.md)
* [线性回归示例](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_ols.md)
* [岭系数对回归系数的影响](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_ridge_path.md)
* [压缩感知用L1先验概率进行断层重建](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_tomography_l1_reconstruction.md)
* 检查
* 流行学习
* 缺失值插补
* 选型
* 多输出方法
* 最近邻
* 神经网络
* 管道和复合估计器
* 预处理
* 发布要点
* 半监督分类
* 支持向量机
* 建成练习
* 文本文档工作
* [分类特征稀疏的文本](Generalized_Linear_Models/plot_document_classification_20newsgroups.md)

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