linux 命令和教程补充

2026-04-25 19:12:10 +08:00 · 2021-12-24 11:16:28 +08:00
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+parted
+===
+
+磁盘分区和分区大小调整工具
+
+## 补充说明
+
+**parted命令** 是由GNU组织开发的一款功能强大的磁盘分区和分区大小调整工具，与fdisk不同，它支持调整分区的大小。作为一种设计用于Linux的工具，它没有构建成处理与fdisk关联的多种分区类型，但是，它可以处理最常见的分区格式，包括：ext2、ext3、fat16、fat32、NTFS、ReiserFS、JFS、XFS、UFS、HFS以及Linux交换分区。
+
+###  语法
+
+```shell
+parted(选项)(参数)
+```
+
+###  选项
+
+```shell
+-h：显示帮助信息；
+-i：交互式模式；
+-s：脚本模式，不提示用户；
+-v：显示版本号。
+```
+
+###  参数
+
+*   设备：指定要分区的硬盘所对应的设备文件；
+*   命令：要执行的parted命令。
+
+###  实例
+
+从串行技术出现以来，越来越多用户选择使用大容量的SATA硬盘创建磁盘阵列；特别是MD1000/MD3000，很轻易就突破2T的LUN，故在此给大家一些指引。
+
+红帽企业 Linux 4 Update 4供对大于 2 terabytes（TB）的磁盘设备的支持。
+
+请参考以下操作步骤：
+
+注：
+
+*   绿色代表你需要使用的命令。
+*   红色代表你需要注意到的输出信息，在后续需要使用。
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
+Disk /dev/sda: 35.8 GB, 35862976512 bytes
+255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4360 cylinders
+Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
+   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   id  System
+/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
+/dev/sda2              14         144     1052257+  82  Linux swap
+/dev/sda3             145        4360    33865020   83  Linux
+Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
+255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
+Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
+Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
+```
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb
+GNU Parted Copyright (C) 1998 - 2004 free Software Foundation, Inc.
+This program is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License.
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+使用/dev/sdb
+(parted)mklabel gpt
+(parted)print
+/dev/sdb的磁盘几何结构：0.000-2048.000兆字节
+磁盘标签类型：gpt
+Minor   起始点       终止点 文件系统   名称                 标志
+(parted)mkpart primary 0 2048  <-----上面print显示的数字
+(parted)print
+/dev/sdb的磁盘几何结构：0.000-2048.000兆字节
+磁盘标签类型：gpt
+Minor   起始点       终止点 文件系统   名称                 标志
+1          0.017   2047.983
+(parted)quit
+```
+
+如果必要，不要忘记更新`/etc/fstab`。
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
+Disk /dev/sda: 35.8 GB, 35862976512 bytes
+255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4360 cylinders
+Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
+   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
+/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
+/dev/sda2              14         144     1052257+  82  Linux swap
+/dev/sda3             145        4360    33865020   83  Linux
+WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
+
+Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
+255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
+Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
+   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
+/dev/sdb1               1         262     2097151+  ee  EFI GPT
+Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?):
+     phys=(0, 0, 1) logical=(0,0, 2)
+Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
+     phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(261, 21, 16)
+```
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
+mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
+Filesystem label=
+OS type: Linux
+Block size=4096 (log=2)
+Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
+262144 inodes, 524279 blocks
+26213 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
+First data block=0
+Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
+16 block groups
+32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
+16384 inodes per group
+Superblock backups stored on blocks:
+        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
+Writing inode tables: done
+Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
+Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
+This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
+180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
+```
+
+```shell
+[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
+[root@localhost ~]# df -h
+Filesystem            容量  已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
+/dev/sda3              <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 />32G  2.6G   28G   9% /
+/dev/sda1              99M   12M   82M  13% /boot
+none                  252M     0  252M   0% /dev/shm
+/dev/sdb1             2.0G   36M  1.9G   2% /mnt
+```
+
+