matplotlib & pandas

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# 动画直方图
使用路径补丁为动画直方图绘制一堆矩形。
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import matplotlib.path as path
import matplotlib.animation as animation
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
# histogram our data with numpy
data = np.random.randn(1000)
n, bins = np.histogram(data, 100)
# get the corners of the rectangles for the histogram
left = np.array(bins[:-1])
right = np.array(bins[1:])
bottom = np.zeros(len(left))
top = bottom + n
nrects = len(left)
```
这里有一个棘手的部分 - 我们必须为每个rect使用 ``plt.Path.MOVETO````plt.Path.LINETO``和``plt.Path.CLOSEPOLY``设置顶点和路径代码数组。
- 每个矩形我们需要1个 ``MOVETO``,它设置了初始点。
- 我们需要3个``LINETO``它告诉Matplotlib从顶点1到顶点2v2到v3和v3到v4绘制线。
- 然后我们需要一个``CLOSEPOLY``它告诉Matplotlib从v4到我们的初始顶点MOVETO顶点绘制一条线以便关闭多边形。
**注意:**CLOSEPOLY的顶点被忽略但我们仍然需要在verts数组中使用占位符来保持代码与顶点对齐。
```python
nverts = nrects * (1 + 3 + 1)
verts = np.zeros((nverts, 2))
codes = np.ones(nverts, int) * path.Path.LINETO
codes[0::5] = path.Path.MOVETO
codes[4::5] = path.Path.CLOSEPOLY
verts[0::5, 0] = left
verts[0::5, 1] = bottom
verts[1::5, 0] = left
verts[1::5, 1] = top
verts[2::5, 0] = right
verts[2::5, 1] = top
verts[3::5, 0] = right
verts[3::5, 1] = bottom
```
为了给直方图设置动画,我们需要一个动画函数,它生成一组随机数字并更新直方图顶点的位置(在这种情况下,只有每个矩形的高度)。 补丁最终将成为补丁对象。
```python
patch = None
def animate(i):
# simulate new data coming in
data = np.random.randn(1000)
n, bins = np.histogram(data, 100)
top = bottom + n
verts[1::5, 1] = top
verts[2::5, 1] = top
return [patch, ]
```
现在我们使用顶点和代码为直方图构建Path和Patch实例。 我们将补丁添加到Axes实例并使用我们的animate函数设置``FuncAnimation``。
```python
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
barpath = path.Path(verts, codes)
patch = patches.PathPatch(
barpath, facecolor='green', edgecolor='yellow', alpha=0.5)
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.set_xlim(left[0], right[-1])
ax.set_ylim(bottom.min(), top.max())
ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, 100, repeat=False, blit=True)
plt.show()
```
![动画直方图示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_animated_histogram_001.png)
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: animated_histogram.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/animated_histogram.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: animated_histogram.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/animated_histogram.ipynb)