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# 轴方向演示步骤01
![轴方向演示步骤01示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_axis_direction_demo_step01_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_axes(ax)
ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.5)
ax.set_yticks([0, 1])
ax.axis[:].set_visible(False)
ax.axis["x"] = ax.new_floating_axis(1, 0.5)
ax.axis["x"].set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)
return ax
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3, 2.5))
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, "111")
ax1.axis["x"].set_axis_direction("left")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: axis_direction_demo_step01.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step01.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: axis_direction_demo_step01.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step01.ipynb)

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# 轴方向演示步骤02
![轴方向演示步骤02示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_axis_direction_demo_step02_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_axes(ax)
ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.5)
ax.set_yticks([0, 1])
#ax.axis[:].toggle(all=False)
#ax.axis[:].line.set_visible(False)
ax.axis[:].set_visible(False)
ax.axis["x"] = ax.new_floating_axis(1, 0.5)
ax.axis["x"].set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)
return ax
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 2.5))
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2, top=0.8)
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, "121")
ax1.axis["x"].set_ticklabel_direction("+")
ax1.annotate("ticklabel direction=$+$", (0.5, 0), xycoords="axes fraction",
xytext=(0, -10), textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
ax2 = setup_axes(fig, "122")
ax2.axis["x"].set_ticklabel_direction("-")
ax2.annotate("ticklabel direction=$-$", (0.5, 0), xycoords="axes fraction",
xytext=(0, -10), textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: axis_direction_demo_step02.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step02.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: axis_direction_demo_step02.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step02.ipynb)

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# 轴方向演示步骤03
![轴方向演示步骤03示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_axis_direction_demo_step03_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_axes(ax)
ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.5)
ax.set_yticks([0, 1])
#ax.axis[:].toggle(all=False)
#ax.axis[:].line.set_visible(False)
ax.axis[:].set_visible(False)
ax.axis["x"] = ax.new_floating_axis(1, 0.5)
ax.axis["x"].set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)
return ax
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 2.5))
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2, top=0.8)
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, "121")
ax1.axis["x"].label.set_text("Label")
ax1.axis["x"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax1.axis["x"].set_axislabel_direction("+")
ax1.annotate("label direction=$+$", (0.5, 0), xycoords="axes fraction",
xytext=(0, -10), textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
ax2 = setup_axes(fig, "122")
ax2.axis["x"].label.set_text("Label")
ax2.axis["x"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax2.axis["x"].set_axislabel_direction("-")
ax2.annotate("label direction=$-$", (0.5, 0), xycoords="axes fraction",
xytext=(0, -10), textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: axis_direction_demo_step03.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step03.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: axis_direction_demo_step03.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step03.ipynb)

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# 轴方向演示步骤04
![轴方向演示步骤04示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_axis_direction_demo_step04_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_axes(ax)
ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.5)
ax.set_yticks([0, 1])
ax.axis[:].set_visible(False)
ax.axis["x1"] = ax.new_floating_axis(1, 0.3)
ax.axis["x1"].set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)
ax.axis["x2"] = ax.new_floating_axis(1, 0.7)
ax.axis["x2"].set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)
return ax
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 2.5))
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2, top=0.8)
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, "121")
ax1.axis["x1"].label.set_text("rotation=0")
ax1.axis["x1"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax1.axis["x2"].label.set_text("rotation=10")
ax1.axis["x2"].label.set_rotation(10)
ax1.axis["x2"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax1.annotate("label direction=$+$", (0.5, 0), xycoords="axes fraction",
xytext=(0, -10), textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
ax2 = setup_axes(fig, "122")
ax2.axis["x1"].set_axislabel_direction("-")
ax2.axis["x2"].set_axislabel_direction("-")
ax2.axis["x1"].label.set_text("rotation=0")
ax2.axis["x1"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax2.axis["x2"].label.set_text("rotation=10")
ax2.axis["x2"].label.set_rotation(10)
ax2.axis["x2"].toggle(ticklabels=False)
ax2.annotate("label direction=$-$", (0.5, 0), xycoords="axes fraction",
xytext=(0, -10), textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: axis_direction_demo_step04.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step04.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: axis_direction_demo_step04.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/axis_direction_demo_step04.ipynb)

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# 演示轴方向
![演示轴方向示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_axis_direction_001.png)
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_finder as grid_finder
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_helper_curvelinear import \
GridHelperCurveLinear
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
"""
polar projection, but in a rectangular box.
"""
# see demo_curvelinear_grid.py for details
tr = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.) + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
extreme_finder = angle_helper.ExtremeFinderCycle(20, 20,
lon_cycle=360,
lat_cycle=None,
lon_minmax=None,
lat_minmax=(0, np.inf),
)
grid_locator1 = angle_helper.LocatorDMS(12)
grid_locator2 = grid_finder.MaxNLocator(5)
tick_formatter1 = angle_helper.FormatterDMS()
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear(tr,
extreme_finder=extreme_finder,
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
grid_locator2=grid_locator2,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1
)
ax1 = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect, grid_helper=grid_helper)
ax1.axis[:].toggle(ticklabels=False)
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
ax1.set_aspect(1.)
ax1.set_xlim(-5, 12)
ax1.set_ylim(-5, 10)
return ax1
def add_floating_axis1(ax1):
ax1.axis["lat"] = axis = ax1.new_floating_axis(0, 30)
axis.label.set_text(r"$\theta = 30^{\circ}$")
axis.label.set_visible(True)
return axis
def add_floating_axis2(ax1):
ax1.axis["lon"] = axis = ax1.new_floating_axis(1, 6)
axis.label.set_text(r"$r = 6$")
axis.label.set_visible(True)
return axis
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 4))
fig.clf()
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.01, right=0.99, bottom=0.01, top=0.99,
wspace=0.01, hspace=0.01)
for i, d in enumerate(["bottom", "left", "top", "right"]):
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, rect=241++i)
axis = add_floating_axis1(ax1)
axis.set_axis_direction(d)
ax1.annotate(d, (0, 1), (5, -5),
xycoords="axes fraction", textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="left")
for i, d in enumerate(["bottom", "left", "top", "right"]):
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, rect=245++i)
axis = add_floating_axis2(ax1)
axis.set_axis_direction(d)
ax1.annotate(d, (0, 1), (5, -5),
xycoords="axes fraction", textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="left")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_axis_direction.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_axis_direction.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_axis_direction.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_axis_direction.ipynb)

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# 轴线样式
此示例显示了轴样式的一些配置。
![轴线样式示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_axisline_style_001.png)
```python
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines import SubplotZero
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
if 1:
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = SubplotZero(fig, 111)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
for direction in ["xzero", "yzero"]:
# adds arrows at the ends of each axis
ax.axis[direction].set_axisline_style("-|>")
# adds X and Y-axis from the origin
ax.axis[direction].set_visible(True)
for direction in ["left", "right", "bottom", "top"]:
# hides borders
ax.axis[direction].set_visible(False)
x = np.linspace(-0.5, 1., 100)
ax.plot(x, np.sin(x*np.pi))
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_axisline_style.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_axisline_style.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_axisline_style.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_axisline_style.ipynb)

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# 演示Curvelinear网格
自定义网格和记号行。
此示例演示如何通过在网格上应用转换，使用GridHelperCurve线性来定义自定义网格和注释行。这可以用作第二个打印上的演示，用于在矩形框中创建极轴投影。
![Curvelinear网格示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_curvelinear_grid_0011.png)
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist import Subplot
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist import SubplotHost, \
ParasiteAxesAuxTrans
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_helper_curvelinear import \
GridHelperCurveLinear
def curvelinear_test1(fig):
"""
grid for custom transform.
"""
def tr(x, y):
x, y = np.asarray(x), np.asarray(y)
return x, y - x
def inv_tr(x, y):
x, y = np.asarray(x), np.asarray(y)
return x, y + x
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear((tr, inv_tr))
ax1 = Subplot(fig, 1, 2, 1, grid_helper=grid_helper)
# ax1 will have a ticks and gridlines defined by the given
# transform (+ transData of the Axes). Note that the transform of
# the Axes itself (i.e., transData) is not affected by the given
# transform.
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
xx, yy = tr([3, 6], [5.0, 10.])
ax1.plot(xx, yy, linewidth=2.0)
ax1.set_aspect(1.)
ax1.set_xlim(0, 10.)
ax1.set_ylim(0, 10.)
ax1.axis["t"] = ax1.new_floating_axis(0, 3.)
ax1.axis["t2"] = ax1.new_floating_axis(1, 7.)
ax1.grid(True, zorder=0)
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
def curvelinear_test2(fig):
"""
polar projection, but in a rectangular box.
"""
# PolarAxes.PolarTransform takes radian. However, we want our coordinate
# system in degree
tr = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.) + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
# polar projection, which involves cycle, and also has limits in
# its coordinates, needs a special method to find the extremes
# (min, max of the coordinate within the view).
# 20, 20 : number of sampling points along x, y direction
extreme_finder = angle_helper.ExtremeFinderCycle(20, 20,
lon_cycle=360,
lat_cycle=None,
lon_minmax=None,
lat_minmax=(0, np.inf),
)
grid_locator1 = angle_helper.LocatorDMS(12)
# Find a grid values appropriate for the coordinate (degree,
# minute, second).
tick_formatter1 = angle_helper.FormatterDMS()
# And also uses an appropriate formatter. Note that,the
# acceptable Locator and Formatter class is a bit different than
# that of mpl's, and you cannot directly use mpl's Locator and
# Formatter here (but may be possible in the future).
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear(tr,
extreme_finder=extreme_finder,
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1
)
ax1 = SubplotHost(fig, 1, 2, 2, grid_helper=grid_helper)
# make ticklabels of right and top axis visible.
ax1.axis["right"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(True)
ax1.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(True)
# let right axis shows ticklabels for 1st coordinate (angle)
ax1.axis["right"].get_helper().nth_coord_ticks = 0
# let bottom axis shows ticklabels for 2nd coordinate (radius)
ax1.axis["bottom"].get_helper().nth_coord_ticks = 1
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
# A parasite axes with given transform
ax2 = ParasiteAxesAuxTrans(ax1, tr, "equal")
# note that ax2.transData == tr + ax1.transData
# Anything you draw in ax2 will match the ticks and grids of ax1.
ax1.parasites.append(ax2)
intp = cbook.simple_linear_interpolation
ax2.plot(intp(np.array([0, 30]), 50),
intp(np.array([10., 10.]), 50),
linewidth=2.0)
ax1.set_aspect(1.)
ax1.set_xlim(-5, 12)
ax1.set_ylim(-5, 10)
ax1.grid(True, zorder=0)
if 1:
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(7, 4))
fig.clf()
curvelinear_test1(fig)
curvelinear_test2(fig)
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_curvelinear_grid.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_curvelinear_grid.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_curvelinear_grid.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_curvelinear_grid.ipynb)

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# 演示Curvelinear网格2
自定义网格和记号行。
此示例演示如何通过在网格上应用转换，使用GridHelperCurve线性来定义自定义网格和注释行。作为打印上的演示，轴上将显示5x5矩阵。
![Curvelinear网格2示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_curvelinear_grid2_001.png)
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_helper_curvelinear import \
GridHelperCurveLinear
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines import Subplot
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
def curvelinear_test1(fig):
"""
grid for custom transform.
"""
def tr(x, y):
sgn = np.sign(x)
x, y = np.abs(np.asarray(x)), np.asarray(y)
return sgn*x**.5, y
def inv_tr(x, y):
sgn = np.sign(x)
x, y = np.asarray(x), np.asarray(y)
return sgn*x**2, y
extreme_finder = angle_helper.ExtremeFinderCycle(20, 20,
lon_cycle=None,
lat_cycle=None,
# (0, np.inf),
lon_minmax=None,
lat_minmax=None,
)
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear((tr, inv_tr),
extreme_finder=extreme_finder)
ax1 = Subplot(fig, 111, grid_helper=grid_helper)
# ax1 will have a ticks and gridlines defined by the given
# transform (+ transData of the Axes). Note that the transform of
# the Axes itself (i.e., transData) is not affected by the given
# transform.
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
ax1.imshow(np.arange(25).reshape(5, 5),
vmax=50, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r,
interpolation="nearest",
origin="lower")
# tick density
grid_helper.grid_finder.grid_locator1._nbins = 6
grid_helper.grid_finder.grid_locator2._nbins = 6
if 1:
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(7, 4))
fig.clf()
curvelinear_test1(fig)
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_curvelinear_grid2.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_curvelinear_grid2.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_curvelinear_grid2.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_curvelinear_grid2.ipynb)

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# 演示浮动轴
浮动轴的演示。
```python
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.floating_axes as floating_axes
import numpy as np
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_finder import (FixedLocator, MaxNLocator,
DictFormatter)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
def setup_axes1(fig, rect):
"""
A simple one.
"""
tr = Affine2D().scale(2, 1).rotate_deg(30)
grid_helper = floating_axes.GridHelperCurveLinear(
tr, extremes=(-0.5, 3.5, 0, 4))
ax1 = floating_axes.FloatingSubplot(fig, rect, grid_helper=grid_helper)
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
aux_ax = ax1.get_aux_axes(tr)
grid_helper.grid_finder.grid_locator1._nbins = 4
grid_helper.grid_finder.grid_locator2._nbins = 4
return ax1, aux_ax
def setup_axes2(fig, rect):
"""
With custom locator and formatter.
Note that the extreme values are swapped.
"""
tr = PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
pi = np.pi
angle_ticks = [(0, r"$0$"),
(.25*pi, r"$\frac{1}{4}\pi$"),
(.5*pi, r"$\frac{1}{2}\pi$")]
grid_locator1 = FixedLocator([v for v, s in angle_ticks])
tick_formatter1 = DictFormatter(dict(angle_ticks))
grid_locator2 = MaxNLocator(2)
grid_helper = floating_axes.GridHelperCurveLinear(
tr, extremes=(.5*pi, 0, 2, 1),
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
grid_locator2=grid_locator2,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1,
tick_formatter2=None)
ax1 = floating_axes.FloatingSubplot(fig, rect, grid_helper=grid_helper)
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
# create a parasite axes whose transData in RA, cz
aux_ax = ax1.get_aux_axes(tr)
aux_ax.patch = ax1.patch # for aux_ax to have a clip path as in ax
ax1.patch.zorder = 0.9 # but this has a side effect that the patch is
# drawn twice, and possibly over some other
# artists. So, we decrease the zorder a bit to
# prevent this.
return ax1, aux_ax
def setup_axes3(fig, rect):
"""
Sometimes, things like axis_direction need to be adjusted.
"""
# rotate a bit for better orientation
tr_rotate = Affine2D().translate(-95, 0)
# scale degree to radians
tr_scale = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.)
tr = tr_rotate + tr_scale + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
grid_locator1 = angle_helper.LocatorHMS(4)
tick_formatter1 = angle_helper.FormatterHMS()
grid_locator2 = MaxNLocator(3)
# Specify theta limits in degrees
ra0, ra1 = 8.*15, 14.*15
# Specify radial limits
cz0, cz1 = 0, 14000
grid_helper = floating_axes.GridHelperCurveLinear(
tr, extremes=(ra0, ra1, cz0, cz1),
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
grid_locator2=grid_locator2,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1,
tick_formatter2=None)
ax1 = floating_axes.FloatingSubplot(fig, rect, grid_helper=grid_helper)
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
# adjust axis
ax1.axis["left"].set_axis_direction("bottom")
ax1.axis["right"].set_axis_direction("top")
ax1.axis["bottom"].set_visible(False)
ax1.axis["top"].set_axis_direction("bottom")
ax1.axis["top"].toggle(ticklabels=True, label=True)
ax1.axis["top"].major_ticklabels.set_axis_direction("top")
ax1.axis["top"].label.set_axis_direction("top")
ax1.axis["left"].label.set_text(r"cz [km$^{-1}$]")
ax1.axis["top"].label.set_text(r"$\alpha_{1950}$")
# create a parasite axes whose transData in RA, cz
aux_ax = ax1.get_aux_axes(tr)
aux_ax.patch = ax1.patch # for aux_ax to have a clip path as in ax
ax1.patch.zorder = 0.9 # but this has a side effect that the patch is
# drawn twice, and possibly over some other
# artists. So, we decrease the zorder a bit to
# prevent this.
return ax1, aux_ax
```
```python
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(8, 4))
fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.3, left=0.05, right=0.95)
ax1, aux_ax1 = setup_axes1(fig, 131)
aux_ax1.bar([0, 1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1, 3])
ax2, aux_ax2 = setup_axes2(fig, 132)
theta = np.random.rand(10)*.5*np.pi
radius = np.random.rand(10) + 1.
aux_ax2.scatter(theta, radius)
ax3, aux_ax3 = setup_axes3(fig, 133)
theta = (8 + np.random.rand(10)*(14 - 8))*15. # in degrees
radius = np.random.rand(10)*14000.
aux_ax3.scatter(theta, radius)
plt.show()
```
![演示浮动轴](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_floating_axes_001.png)
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_floating_axes.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_floating_axes.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_floating_axes.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_floating_axes.ipynb)

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# 演示浮动轴2
轴在矩形框内
以下代码演示了如何将浮动极坐标曲线放在矩形框内。 为了更好地了解极坐标曲线，请查看demo_curvelinear_grid.py。
![演示浮动轴2](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_floating_axis_001.png)
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist import SubplotHost
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist import GridHelperCurveLinear
def curvelinear_test2(fig):
"""Polar projection, but in a rectangular box.
"""
# see demo_curvelinear_grid.py for details
tr = Affine2D().scale(np.pi / 180., 1.) + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
extreme_finder = angle_helper.ExtremeFinderCycle(20,
20,
lon_cycle=360,
lat_cycle=None,
lon_minmax=None,
lat_minmax=(0,
np.inf),
)
grid_locator1 = angle_helper.LocatorDMS(12)
tick_formatter1 = angle_helper.FormatterDMS()
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear(tr,
extreme_finder=extreme_finder,
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1
)
ax1 = SubplotHost(fig, 1, 1, 1, grid_helper=grid_helper)
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
# Now creates floating axis
# floating axis whose first coordinate (theta) is fixed at 60
ax1.axis["lat"] = axis = ax1.new_floating_axis(0, 60)
axis.label.set_text(r"$\theta = 60^{\circ}$")
axis.label.set_visible(True)
# floating axis whose second coordinate (r) is fixed at 6
ax1.axis["lon"] = axis = ax1.new_floating_axis(1, 6)
axis.label.set_text(r"$r = 6$")
ax1.set_aspect(1.)
ax1.set_xlim(-5, 12)
ax1.set_ylim(-5, 10)
ax1.grid(True)
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(5, 5))
fig.clf()
curvelinear_test2(fig)
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_floating_axis.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_floating_axis.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_floating_axis.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_floating_axis.ipynb)

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# 演示寄生轴
创建寄生轴。这些轴将与主体轴共享x比例，但在y方向显示不同的比例。
请注意，此方法使用 [parasite_axes](https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.html#module-mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes) 的 [HostAxes](https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.HostAxes.html#mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.HostAxes) 和 [ParasiteAxes](https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.ParasiteAxes.html#mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.ParasiteAxes)。 在 [Demo Parasite Axes2](https://matplotlib.org/api/toolkits/axes_grid1.html#toolkit-axesgrid1-index) 示例中可以找到使用[Matplotlib axes_grid1 Toolkit](https://matplotlib.org/api/toolkits/axisartist.html#toolkit-axisartist-index) 和 Matplotlib axisartist Toolkit的替代方法。 使用通常的matplotlib子图的替代方法显示在 [Multiple Yaxis With Spines](https://matplotlib.org/gallery/ticks_and_spines/multiple_yaxis_with_spines.html) 示例中。
![演示寄生轴](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_parasite_axes_001.png)
```python
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.parasite_axes import HostAxes, ParasiteAxes
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure(1)
host = HostAxes(fig, [0.15, 0.1, 0.65, 0.8])
par1 = ParasiteAxes(host, sharex=host)
par2 = ParasiteAxes(host, sharex=host)
host.parasites.append(par1)
host.parasites.append(par2)
host.set_ylabel("Density")
host.set_xlabel("Distance")
host.axis["right"].set_visible(False)
par1.axis["right"].set_visible(True)
par1.set_ylabel("Temperature")
par1.axis["right"].major_ticklabels.set_visible(True)
par1.axis["right"].label.set_visible(True)
par2.set_ylabel("Velocity")
offset = (60, 0)
new_axisline = par2._grid_helper.new_fixed_axis
par2.axis["right2"] = new_axisline(loc="right", axes=par2, offset=offset)
fig.add_axes(host)
host.set_xlim(0, 2)
host.set_ylim(0, 2)
host.set_xlabel("Distance")
host.set_ylabel("Density")
par1.set_ylabel("Temperature")
p1, = host.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], label="Density")
p2, = par1.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 3, 2], label="Temperature")
p3, = par2.plot([0, 1, 2], [50, 30, 15], label="Velocity")
par1.set_ylim(0, 4)
par2.set_ylim(1, 65)
host.legend()
host.axis["left"].label.set_color(p1.get_color())
par1.axis["right"].label.set_color(p2.get_color())
par2.axis["right2"].label.set_color(p3.get_color())
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_parasite_axes.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_parasite_axes.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_parasite_axes.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_parasite_axes.ipynb)

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# 演示寄生轴2
寄生轴的演示。
以下代码是寄生虫轴的示例。 它旨在展示如何在一个单独的图上绘制多个不同的值。 请注意，在此示例中，par1和par2都调用twinx，这意味着两者都直接绑定到x轴。 从那里，这两个轴中的每一个可以彼此分开地表现，这意味着它们可以从它们自身以及x轴上获取单独的值。
请注意，此方法使用 [parasite_axes](https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.html#module-mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes) 的 [HostAxes](https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.HostAxes.html#mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.HostAxes) 和 [ParasiteAxes](https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.ParasiteAxes.html#mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.parasite_axes.ParasiteAxes)。 在 [Demo Parasite Axes2](https://matplotlib.org/api/toolkits/axes_grid1.html#toolkit-axesgrid1-index) 示例中可以找到使用[Matplotlib axes_grid1 Toolkit](https://matplotlib.org/api/toolkits/axisartist.html#toolkit-axisartist-index) 和 Matplotlib axisartist Toolkit的替代方法。 使用通常的matplotlib子图的替代方法显示在 [Multiple Yaxis With Spines](https://matplotlib.org/gallery/ticks_and_spines/multiple_yaxis_with_spines.html) 示例中。
![演示寄生轴2](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_parasite_axes2_001.png)
```python
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import host_subplot
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as AA
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
host = host_subplot(111, axes_class=AA.Axes)
plt.subplots_adjust(right=0.75)
par1 = host.twinx()
par2 = host.twinx()
offset = 60
new_fixed_axis = par2.get_grid_helper().new_fixed_axis
par2.axis["right"] = new_fixed_axis(loc="right",
axes=par2,
offset=(offset, 0))
par1.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)
par2.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)
host.set_xlim(0, 2)
host.set_ylim(0, 2)
host.set_xlabel("Distance")
host.set_ylabel("Density")
par1.set_ylabel("Temperature")
par2.set_ylabel("Velocity")
p1, = host.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], label="Density")
p2, = par1.plot([0, 1, 2], [0, 3, 2], label="Temperature")
p3, = par2.plot([0, 1, 2], [50, 30, 15], label="Velocity")
par1.set_ylim(0, 4)
par2.set_ylim(1, 65)
host.legend()
host.axis["left"].label.set_color(p1.get_color())
par1.axis["right"].label.set_color(p2.get_color())
par2.axis["right"].label.set_color(p3.get_color())
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_parasite_axes2.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_parasite_axes2.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_parasite_axes2.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_parasite_axes2.ipynb)

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# Ticklabel对齐演示
![Ticklabel对齐演示](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_ticklabel_alignment_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
ax.set_yticks([0.2, 0.8])
ax.set_yticklabels(["short", "loooong"])
ax.set_xticks([0.2, 0.8])
ax.set_xticklabels([r"$\frac{1}{2}\pi$", r"$\pi$"])
return ax
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(3, 5))
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.5, hspace=0.7)
ax = setup_axes(fig, 311)
ax.set_ylabel("ha=right")
ax.set_xlabel("va=baseline")
ax = setup_axes(fig, 312)
ax.axis["left"].major_ticklabels.set_ha("center")
ax.axis["bottom"].major_ticklabels.set_va("top")
ax.set_ylabel("ha=center")
ax.set_xlabel("va=top")
ax = setup_axes(fig, 313)
ax.axis["left"].major_ticklabels.set_ha("left")
ax.axis["bottom"].major_ticklabels.set_va("bottom")
ax.set_ylabel("ha=left")
ax.set_xlabel("va=bottom")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_ticklabel_alignment.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_ticklabel_alignment.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_ticklabel_alignment.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_ticklabel_alignment.ipynb)

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# Ticklabel方向演示
![Ticklabel方向演示](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_demo_ticklabel_alignment_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
ax.set_yticks([0.2, 0.8])
ax.set_yticklabels(["short", "loooong"])
ax.set_xticks([0.2, 0.8])
ax.set_xticklabels([r"$\frac{1}{2}\pi$", r"$\pi$"])
return ax
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(3, 5))
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.5, hspace=0.7)
ax = setup_axes(fig, 311)
ax.set_ylabel("ha=right")
ax.set_xlabel("va=baseline")
ax = setup_axes(fig, 312)
ax.axis["left"].major_ticklabels.set_ha("center")
ax.axis["bottom"].major_ticklabels.set_va("top")
ax.set_ylabel("ha=center")
ax.set_xlabel("va=top")
ax = setup_axes(fig, 313)
ax.axis["left"].major_ticklabels.set_ha("left")
ax.axis["bottom"].major_ticklabels.set_va("bottom")
ax.set_ylabel("ha=left")
ax.set_xlabel("va=bottom")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: demo_ticklabel_alignment.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_ticklabel_alignment.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: demo_ticklabel_alignment.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/demo_ticklabel_alignment.ipynb)

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# 简单轴方向01
![简单轴方向01](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axis_direction01_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 2.5))
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(axisartist.Subplot(fig, "111"))
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.8)
ax1.axis["left"].major_ticklabels.set_axis_direction("top")
ax1.axis["left"].label.set_text("Label")
ax1.axis["right"].label.set_visible(True)
ax1.axis["right"].label.set_text("Label")
ax1.axis["right"].label.set_axis_direction("left")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axis_direction01.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axis_direction01.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axis_direction01.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axis_direction01.ipynb)

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# 简单轴方向03
![简单轴方向03](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axis_direction03_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
ax = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
ax.set_yticks([0.2, 0.8])
ax.set_xticks([0.2, 0.8])
return ax
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(5, 2))
fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, bottom=0.3)
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, "121")
ax1.set_xlabel("X-label")
ax1.set_ylabel("Y-label")
ax1.axis[:].invert_ticklabel_direction()
ax2 = setup_axes(fig, "122")
ax2.set_xlabel("X-label")
ax2.set_ylabel("Y-label")
ax2.axis[:].major_ticks.set_tick_out(True)
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axis_direction03.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axis_direction03.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axis_direction03.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axis_direction03.ipynb)

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# 简单的轴垫
![简单的轴垫](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axis_pad_001.png)
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.angle_helper as angle_helper
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_finder as grid_finder
from matplotlib.projections import PolarAxes
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as axisartist
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_helper_curvelinear import \
GridHelperCurveLinear
def setup_axes(fig, rect):
"""
polar projection, but in a rectangular box.
"""
# see demo_curvelinear_grid.py for details
tr = Affine2D().scale(np.pi/180., 1.) + PolarAxes.PolarTransform()
extreme_finder = angle_helper.ExtremeFinderCycle(20, 20,
lon_cycle=360,
lat_cycle=None,
lon_minmax=None,
lat_minmax=(0, np.inf),
)
grid_locator1 = angle_helper.LocatorDMS(12)
grid_locator2 = grid_finder.MaxNLocator(5)
tick_formatter1 = angle_helper.FormatterDMS()
grid_helper = GridHelperCurveLinear(tr,
extreme_finder=extreme_finder,
grid_locator1=grid_locator1,
grid_locator2=grid_locator2,
tick_formatter1=tick_formatter1
)
ax1 = axisartist.Subplot(fig, rect, grid_helper=grid_helper)
ax1.axis[:].set_visible(False)
fig.add_subplot(ax1)
ax1.set_aspect(1.)
ax1.set_xlim(-5, 12)
ax1.set_ylim(-5, 10)
return ax1
def add_floating_axis1(ax1):
ax1.axis["lat"] = axis = ax1.new_floating_axis(0, 30)
axis.label.set_text(r"$\theta = 30^{\circ}$")
axis.label.set_visible(True)
return axis
def add_floating_axis2(ax1):
ax1.axis["lon"] = axis = ax1.new_floating_axis(1, 6)
axis.label.set_text(r"$r = 6$")
axis.label.set_visible(True)
return axis
fig = plt.figure(1, figsize=(9, 3.))
fig.clf()
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.01, right=0.99, bottom=0.01, top=0.99,
wspace=0.01, hspace=0.01)
def ann(ax1, d):
if plt.rcParams["text.usetex"]:
d = d.replace("_", r"\_")
ax1.annotate(d, (0.5, 1), (5, -5),
xycoords="axes fraction", textcoords="offset points",
va="top", ha="center")
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, rect=141)
axis = add_floating_axis1(ax1)
ann(ax1, r"default")
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, rect=142)
axis = add_floating_axis1(ax1)
axis.major_ticklabels.set_pad(10)
ann(ax1, r"ticklabels.set_pad(10)")
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, rect=143)
axis = add_floating_axis1(ax1)
axis.label.set_pad(20)
ann(ax1, r"label.set_pad(20)")
ax1 = setup_axes(fig, rect=144)
axis = add_floating_axis1(ax1)
axis.major_ticks.set_tick_out(True)
ann(ax1, "ticks.set_tick_out(True)")
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axis_pad.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axis_pad.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axis_pad.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axis_pad.ipynb)

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# 简单的Axisartist1
![简单的Axisartist1](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axisartist1_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as AA
fig = plt.figure(1)
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.85)
ax = AA.Subplot(fig, 1, 1, 1)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
# make some axis invisible
ax.axis["bottom", "top", "right"].set_visible(False)
# make an new axis along the first axis axis (x-axis) which pass
# through y=0.
ax.axis["y=0"] = ax.new_floating_axis(nth_coord=0, value=0,
axis_direction="bottom")
ax.axis["y=0"].toggle(all=True)
ax.axis["y=0"].label.set_text("y = 0")
ax.set_ylim(-2, 4)
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axisartist1.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisartist1.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axisartist1.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisartist1.ipynb)

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# 简单的轴线
![简单的轴线](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axisline_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines import SubplotZero
fig = plt.figure(1)
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.85)
ax = SubplotZero(fig, 1, 1, 1)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
# make right and top axis invisible
ax.axis["right"].set_visible(False)
ax.axis["top"].set_visible(False)
# make xzero axis (horizontal axis line through y=0) visible.
ax.axis["xzero"].set_visible(True)
ax.axis["xzero"].label.set_text("Axis Zero")
ax.set_ylim(-2, 4)
ax.set_xlabel("Label X")
ax.set_ylabel("Label Y")
# or
#ax.axis["bottom"].label.set_text("Label X")
#ax.axis["left"].label.set_text("Label Y")
# make new (right-side) yaxis, but with some offset
offset = (20, 0)
new_axisline = ax.get_grid_helper().new_fixed_axis
ax.axis["right2"] = new_axisline(loc="right", offset=offset, axes=ax)
ax.axis["right2"].label.set_text("Label Y2")
ax.plot([-2, 3, 2])
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axisline.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisline.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axisline.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisline.ipynb)

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# 简单的轴线2
![简单的轴线2](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axisline2_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines import SubplotZero
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure(1, (4, 3))
# a subplot with two additional axis, "xzero" and "yzero". "xzero" is
# y=0 line, and "yzero" is x=0 line.
ax = SubplotZero(fig, 1, 1, 1)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
# make xzero axis (horizontal axis line through y=0) visible.
ax.axis["xzero"].set_visible(True)
ax.axis["xzero"].label.set_text("Axis Zero")
# make other axis (bottom, top, right) invisible.
for n in ["bottom", "top", "right"]:
ax.axis[n].set_visible(False)
xx = np.arange(0, 2*np.pi, 0.01)
ax.plot(xx, np.sin(xx))
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axisline2.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisline2.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axisline2.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisline2.ipynb)

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# 简单的轴线3
![简单的轴线3](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_simple_axisline3_001.png)
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines import Subplot
fig = plt.figure(1, (3, 3))
ax = Subplot(fig, 111)
fig.add_subplot(ax)
ax.axis["right"].set_visible(False)
ax.axis["top"].set_visible(False)
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: simple_axisline3.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisline3.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: simple_axisline3.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/simple_axisline3.ipynb)