matplotlib & pandas

2026-05-11 11:06:25 +08:00 · 2020-09-26 22:03:11 +08:00
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+# matplotlib艺术家对象的参考
+
+此示例显示使用matplotlib API绘制的几个matplotlib的图形基元（艺术家）。[艺术家对象API](https://matplotlib.org/api/artist_api.html#artist-api)提供完整的艺术家列表和文档。
+
+Copyright (c) 2010, Bartosz Telenczuk BSD License
+
+```python
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib.path as mpath
+import matplotlib.lines as mlines
+import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
+from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
+
+
+def label(xy, text):
+    y = xy[1] - 0.15  # shift y-value for label so that it's below the artist
+    plt.text(xy[0], y, text, ha="center", family='sans-serif', size=14)
+
+
+fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+# create 3x3 grid to plot the artists
+grid = np.mgrid[0.2:0.8:3j, 0.2:0.8:3j].reshape(2, -1).T
+
+patches = []
+
+# add a circle
+circle = mpatches.Circle(grid[0], 0.1, ec="none")
+patches.append(circle)
+label(grid[0], "Circle")
+
+# add a rectangle
+rect = mpatches.Rectangle(grid[1] - [0.025, 0.05], 0.05, 0.1, ec="none")
+patches.append(rect)
+label(grid[1], "Rectangle")
+
+# add a wedge
+wedge = mpatches.Wedge(grid[2], 0.1, 30, 270, ec="none")
+patches.append(wedge)
+label(grid[2], "Wedge")
+
+# add a Polygon
+polygon = mpatches.RegularPolygon(grid[3], 5, 0.1)
+patches.append(polygon)
+label(grid[3], "Polygon")
+
+# add an ellipse
+ellipse = mpatches.Ellipse(grid[4], 0.2, 0.1)
+patches.append(ellipse)
+label(grid[4], "Ellipse")
+
+# add an arrow
+arrow = mpatches.Arrow(grid[5, 0] - 0.05, grid[5, 1] - 0.05, 0.1, 0.1,
+                       width=0.1)
+patches.append(arrow)
+label(grid[5], "Arrow")
+
+# add a path patch
+Path = mpath.Path
+path_data = [
+    (Path.MOVETO, [0.018, -0.11]),
+    (Path.CURVE4, [-0.031, -0.051]),
+    (Path.CURVE4, [-0.115, 0.073]),
+    (Path.CURVE4, [-0.03, 0.073]),
+    (Path.LINETO, [-0.011, 0.039]),
+    (Path.CURVE4, [0.043, 0.121]),
+    (Path.CURVE4, [0.075, -0.005]),
+    (Path.CURVE4, [0.035, -0.027]),
+    (Path.CLOSEPOLY, [0.018, -0.11])]
+codes, verts = zip(*path_data)
+path = mpath.Path(verts + grid[6], codes)
+patch = mpatches.PathPatch(path)
+patches.append(patch)
+label(grid[6], "PathPatch")
+
+# add a fancy box
+fancybox = mpatches.FancyBboxPatch(
+    grid[7] - [0.025, 0.05], 0.05, 0.1,
+    boxstyle=mpatches.BoxStyle("Round", pad=0.02))
+patches.append(fancybox)
+label(grid[7], "FancyBboxPatch")
+
+# add a line
+x, y = np.array([[-0.06, 0.0, 0.1], [0.05, -0.05, 0.05]])
+line = mlines.Line2D(x + grid[8, 0], y + grid[8, 1], lw=5., alpha=0.3)
+label(grid[8], "Line2D")
+
+colors = np.linspace(0, 1, len(patches))
+collection = PatchCollection(patches, cmap=plt.cm.hsv, alpha=0.3)
+collection.set_array(np.array(colors))
+ax.add_collection(collection)
+ax.add_line(line)
+
+plt.axis('equal')
+plt.axis('off')
+plt.tight_layout()
+
+plt.show()
+```
+
+![matplotlib艺术家对象的参考示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_artist_reference_001.png)
+
+## 参考
+
+此示例中显示了以下函数，方法，类和模块的使用：
+
+```python
+import matplotlib
+matplotlib.path
+matplotlib.path.Path
+matplotlib.lines
+matplotlib.lines.Line2D
+matplotlib.patches
+matplotlib.patches.Circle
+matplotlib.patches.Ellipse
+matplotlib.patches.Wedge
+matplotlib.patches.Rectangle
+matplotlib.patches.Arrow
+matplotlib.patches.PathPatch
+matplotlib.patches.FancyBboxPatch
+matplotlib.patches.RegularPolygon
+matplotlib.collections
+matplotlib.collections.PatchCollection
+matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable.set_array
+matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_collection
+matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_line
+```
+
+## 下载这个示例
+            
+- [下载python源码: artist_reference.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/artist_reference.py)
+- [下载Jupyter notebook: artist_reference.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/artist_reference.ipynb)