matplotlib & pandas

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# 误差条形图的不同方法
可以将错误指定为常数值(如errorbar_demo.py中所示)。但是,此示例通过指定错误值数组来演示它们的不同之处。
如果原始x和y数据的长度为N则有两个选项
1. 数组形状为(N,):
每个点的误差都不同,但误差值是对称的(即,上下两个值相等)。
1. 数组形状为(2, N):
每个点的误差不同,并且下限和上限(按该顺序)不同(非对称情况)。
此外,此示例演示如何使用带有误差线的对数刻度。
![](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_errorbar_features_001.png)
```python
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# example data
x = np.arange(0.1, 4, 0.5)
y = np.exp(-x)
# example error bar values that vary with x-position
error = 0.1 + 0.2 * x
fig, (ax0, ax1) = plt.subplots(nrows=2, sharex=True)
ax0.errorbar(x, y, yerr=error, fmt='-o')
ax0.set_title('variable, symmetric error')
# error bar values w/ different -/+ errors that
# also vary with the x-position
lower_error = 0.4 * error
upper_error = error
asymmetric_error = [lower_error, upper_error]
ax1.errorbar(x, y, xerr=asymmetric_error, fmt='o')
ax1.set_title('variable, asymmetric error')
ax1.set_yscale('log')
plt.show()
```
## 下载这个示例
- [下载python源码: errorbar_features.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/errorbar_features.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: errorbar_features.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/errorbar_features.ipynb)