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matplotlib & pandas
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# 嵌入WebAgg
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此示例演示如何在您自己的Web应用程序和框架中嵌入matplotlib WebAgg交互式绘图。
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基于龙卷风的服务器“侧面”是基于龙卷风的服务器。
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使用的框架必须支持Web套接字。
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``` python
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import io
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try:
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import tornado
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except ImportError:
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raise RuntimeError("This example requires tornado.")
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import tornado.web
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import tornado.httpserver
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import tornado.ioloop
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import tornado.websocket
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from matplotlib.backends.backend_webagg_core import (
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FigureManagerWebAgg, new_figure_manager_given_figure)
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from matplotlib.figure import Figure
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import numpy as np
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import json
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def create_figure():
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"""
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Creates a simple example figure.
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"""
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fig = Figure()
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a = fig.add_subplot(111)
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t = np.arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
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s = np.sin(2 * np.pi * t)
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a.plot(t, s)
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return fig
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# The following is the content of the web page. You would normally
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# generate this using some sort of template facility in your web
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# framework, but here we just use Python string formatting.
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html_content = """
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<html>
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<head>
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<!-- TODO: There should be a way to include all of the required javascript
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and CSS so matplotlib can add to the set in the future if it
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needs to. -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/page.css" type="text/css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/boilerplate.css" type="text/css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/fbm.css" type="text/css" />
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/jquery/css/themes/base/jquery-ui.min.css" >
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<script src="_static/jquery/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
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<script src="_static/jquery/js/jquery-ui.min.js"></script>
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<script src="mpl.js"></script>
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<script>
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/* This is a callback that is called when the user saves
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(downloads) a file. Its purpose is really to map from a
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figure and file format to a url in the application. */
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function ondownload(figure, format) {
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window.open('download.' + format, '_blank');
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};
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$(document).ready(
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function() {
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/* It is up to the application to provide a websocket that the figure
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will use to communicate to the server. This websocket object can
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also be a "fake" websocket that underneath multiplexes messages
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from multiple figures, if necessary. */
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var websocket_type = mpl.get_websocket_type();
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var websocket = new websocket_type("%(ws_uri)sws");
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// mpl.figure creates a new figure on the webpage.
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var fig = new mpl.figure(
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// A unique numeric identifier for the figure
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%(fig_id)s,
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// A websocket object (or something that behaves like one)
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websocket,
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// A function called when a file type is selected for download
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ondownload,
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// The HTML element in which to place the figure
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$('div#figure'));
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}
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);
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</script>
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<title>matplotlib</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="figure">
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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"""
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class MyApplication(tornado.web.Application):
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class MainPage(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
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"""
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Serves the main HTML page.
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"""
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def get(self):
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manager = self.application.manager
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ws_uri = "ws://{req.host}/".format(req=self.request)
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content = html_content % {
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"ws_uri": ws_uri, "fig_id": manager.num}
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self.write(content)
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class MplJs(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
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"""
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Serves the generated matplotlib javascript file. The content
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is dynamically generated based on which toolbar functions the
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user has defined. Call `FigureManagerWebAgg` to get its
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content.
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"""
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def get(self):
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self.set_header('Content-Type', 'application/javascript')
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js_content = FigureManagerWebAgg.get_javascript()
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self.write(js_content)
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class Download(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
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"""
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Handles downloading of the figure in various file formats.
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"""
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def get(self, fmt):
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manager = self.application.manager
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mimetypes = {
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'ps': 'application/postscript',
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'eps': 'application/postscript',
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'pdf': 'application/pdf',
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'svg': 'image/svg+xml',
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'png': 'image/png',
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'jpeg': 'image/jpeg',
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'tif': 'image/tiff',
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'emf': 'application/emf'
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}
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self.set_header('Content-Type', mimetypes.get(fmt, 'binary'))
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buff = io.BytesIO()
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manager.canvas.figure.savefig(buff, format=fmt)
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self.write(buff.getvalue())
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class WebSocket(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):
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"""
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A websocket for interactive communication between the plot in
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the browser and the server.
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In addition to the methods required by tornado, it is required to
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have two callback methods:
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- ``send_json(json_content)`` is called by matplotlib when
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it needs to send json to the browser. `json_content` is
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a JSON tree (Python dictionary), and it is the responsibility
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of this implementation to encode it as a string to send over
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the socket.
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- ``send_binary(blob)`` is called to send binary image data
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to the browser.
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"""
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supports_binary = True
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def open(self):
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# Register the websocket with the FigureManager.
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manager = self.application.manager
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manager.add_web_socket(self)
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if hasattr(self, 'set_nodelay'):
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self.set_nodelay(True)
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def on_close(self):
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# When the socket is closed, deregister the websocket with
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# the FigureManager.
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manager = self.application.manager
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manager.remove_web_socket(self)
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def on_message(self, message):
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# The 'supports_binary' message is relevant to the
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# websocket itself. The other messages get passed along
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# to matplotlib as-is.
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# Every message has a "type" and a "figure_id".
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message = json.loads(message)
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if message['type'] == 'supports_binary':
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self.supports_binary = message['value']
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else:
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manager = self.application.manager
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manager.handle_json(message)
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def send_json(self, content):
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self.write_message(json.dumps(content))
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def send_binary(self, blob):
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if self.supports_binary:
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self.write_message(blob, binary=True)
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else:
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data_uri = "data:image/png;base64,{0}".format(
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blob.encode('base64').replace('\n', ''))
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self.write_message(data_uri)
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def __init__(self, figure):
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self.figure = figure
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self.manager = new_figure_manager_given_figure(id(figure), figure)
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super().__init__([
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# Static files for the CSS and JS
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(r'/_static/(.*)',
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tornado.web.StaticFileHandler,
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{'path': FigureManagerWebAgg.get_static_file_path()}),
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# The page that contains all of the pieces
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('/', self.MainPage),
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('/mpl.js', self.MplJs),
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# Sends images and events to the browser, and receives
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# events from the browser
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('/ws', self.WebSocket),
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# Handles the downloading (i.e., saving) of static images
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(r'/download.([a-z0-9.]+)', self.Download),
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])
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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figure = create_figure()
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application = MyApplication(figure)
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http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(application)
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http_server.listen(8080)
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print("http://127.0.0.1:8080/")
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print("Press Ctrl+C to quit")
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tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
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```
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## 下载这个示例
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- [下载python源码: embedding_webagg_sgskip.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/embedding_webagg_sgskip.py)
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- [下载Jupyter notebook: embedding_webagg_sgskip.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/embedding_webagg_sgskip.ipynb)
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