# 线段集合

使用Matplotlib绘制线条。

[LineCollection](https://matplotlib.org/api/collections_api.html#matplotlib.collections.LineCollection) 允许在图上绘制多条线。 下面我们展示它的一些属性。

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection
from matplotlib import colors as mcolors

import numpy as np

# In order to efficiently plot many lines in a single set of axes,
# Matplotlib has the ability to add the lines all at once. Here is a
# simple example showing how it is done.

x = np.arange(100)
# Here are many sets of y to plot vs x
ys = x[:50, np.newaxis] + x[np.newaxis, :]

segs = np.zeros((50, 100, 2))
segs[:, :, 1] = ys
segs[:, :, 0] = x

# Mask some values to test masked array support:
segs = np.ma.masked_where((segs > 50) & (segs < 60), segs)

# We need to set the plot limits.
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim(x.min(), x.max())
ax.set_ylim(ys.min(), ys.max())

# colors is sequence of rgba tuples
# linestyle is a string or dash tuple. Legal string values are
#          solid|dashed|dashdot|dotted.  The dash tuple is (offset, onoffseq)
#          where onoffseq is an even length tuple of on and off ink in points.
#          If linestyle is omitted, 'solid' is used
# See :class:`matplotlib.collections.LineCollection` for more information
colors = [mcolors.to_rgba(c)
          for c in plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'].by_key()['color']]

line_segments = LineCollection(segs, linewidths=(0.5, 1, 1.5, 2),
                               colors=colors, linestyle='solid')
ax.add_collection(line_segments)
ax.set_title('Line collection with masked arrays')
plt.show()
```

![线段集合示例](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_line_collection_001.png)

为了在一组轴中有效地绘制多条线，Matplotlib能够一次性添加所有线。 这是一个简单的例子，展示了它是如何完成的。

```python
N = 50
x = np.arange(N)
# Here are many sets of y to plot vs x
ys = [x + i for i in x]

# We need to set the plot limits, they will not autoscale
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_xlim(np.min(x), np.max(x))
ax.set_ylim(np.min(ys), np.max(ys))

# colors is sequence of rgba tuples
# linestyle is a string or dash tuple. Legal string values are
#          solid|dashed|dashdot|dotted.  The dash tuple is (offset, onoffseq)
#          where onoffseq is an even length tuple of on and off ink in points.
#          If linestyle is omitted, 'solid' is used
# See :class:`matplotlib.collections.LineCollection` for more information

# Make a sequence of x,y pairs
line_segments = LineCollection([np.column_stack([x, y]) for y in ys],
                               linewidths=(0.5, 1, 1.5, 2),
                               linestyles='solid')
line_segments.set_array(x)
ax.add_collection(line_segments)
axcb = fig.colorbar(line_segments)
axcb.set_label('Line Number')
ax.set_title('Line Collection with mapped colors')
plt.sci(line_segments)  # This allows interactive changing of the colormap.
plt.show()
```

![线段集合示例2](https://matplotlib.org/_images/sphx_glr_line_collection_002.png)

## 参考

此示例中显示了以下函数，方法，类和模块的使用：

```python
import matplotlib
matplotlib.collections
matplotlib.collections.LineCollection
matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable.set_array
matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_collection
matplotlib.figure.Figure.colorbar
matplotlib.pyplot.colorbar
matplotlib.pyplot.sci
```

## 下载这个示例
            
- [下载python源码: line_collection.py](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/line_collection.py)
- [下载Jupyter notebook: line_collection.ipynb](https://matplotlib.org/_downloads/line_collection.ipynb)