2020-10-19 21:01:31

docs/da/149.md

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+# requests 模块：HTTP for Human
+
+In [1]:
+
+```
+import requests
+
+```
+
+Python 标准库中的 `urllib2` 模块提供了你所需要的大多数 `HTTP` 功能，但是它的 `API` 不是特别方便使用。
+
+`requests` 模块号称 `HTTP for Human`，它可以这样使用：
+
+In [2]:
+
+```
+r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
+r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
+r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
+r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
+r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
+r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")
+
+```
+
+## 传入 URL 参数
+
+假如我们想访问 `httpbin.org/get?key=val`，我们可以使用 `params` 传入这些参数：
+
+In [3]:
+
+```
+payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
+r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
+
+```
+
+查看 `url` ：
+
+In [4]:
+
+```
+print(r.url)
+
+```
+
+```
+http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1
+
+```
+
+## 读取响应内容
+
+`Requests` 会自动解码来自服务器的内容。大多数 `unicode` 字符集都能被无缝地解码。
+
+In [5]:
+
+```
+r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
+
+print r.text
+
+```
+
+```
+{"message":"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you’re reading this then you probably didn’t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events"}
+
+```
+
+查看文字编码：
+
+In [6]:
+
+```
+r.encoding
+
+```
+
+Out[6]:
+
+```
+'utf-8'
+```
+
+每次改变文字编码，`text` 的内容也随之变化：
+
+In [7]:
+
+```
+r.encoding = "ISO-8859-1"
+
+r.text
+
+```
+
+Out[7]:
+
+```
+u'{"message":"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\xe2\x80\x99re reading this then you probably didn\xe2\x80\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events"}'
+```
+
+`Requests` 中也有一个内置的 `JSON` 解码器处理 `JSON` 数据：
+
+In [8]:
+
+```
+r.json()
+
+```
+
+Out[8]:
+
+```
+{u'documentation_url': u'https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events',
+ u'message': u'Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\xe2\x80\x99re reading this then you probably didn\xe2\x80\x99t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.'}
+```
+
+如果 `JSON` 解码失败， `r.json` 就会抛出一个异常。
+
+## 响应状态码
+
+In [9]:
+
+```
+r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
+
+r.status_code
+
+```
+
+Out[9]:
+
+```
+407
+```
+
+## 响应头
+
+In [10]:
+
+```
+r.headers['Content-Type']
+
+```
+
+Out[10]:
+
+```
+'text/html'
+```