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# 第六讲:列空间和零空间
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对向量子空间$S$和$T$,有$S \cap T$也是向量子空间。
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对$m \times n$矩阵$A$,$n \times 1$矩阵$x$,$m \times 1$矩阵$b$,运算$Ax=b$:
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$$
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\begin{bmatrix}
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a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1(n-1)} & a_{1n} \\
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a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2(n-1)} & a_{2n} \\
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\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots \\
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a_{m1} & a_{m2} & \cdots & a_{m(n-1)} & a_{mn} \\
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\end{bmatrix}
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\cdot
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\begin{bmatrix}
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x_{1} \\
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x_{2} \\
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\vdots \\
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x_{n-1} \\
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x_{n} \\
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\end{bmatrix}
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=
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\begin{bmatrix}
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b_{1} \\
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b_{2} \\
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\vdots \\
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b_{m} \\
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\end{bmatrix}
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$$
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由$A$的列向量生成的子空间为$A$的列空间;
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$Ax=b$有非零解当且仅当$b$属于$A$的列空间
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A的零空间是$Ax=0$中$x$的解组成的集合。
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