2020-10-19 21:08:55

docs/da/016.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 In [1]:
 
-```
+```py
 a = {}
 type(a)
 
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ type(a)
 
 Out[1]:
 
-```
+```py
 dict
 ```
 
 In [2]:
 
-```
+```py
 a = dict()
 type(a)
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type(a)
 
 Out[2]:
 
-```
+```py
 dict
 ```
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ dict
 
 In [3]:
 
-```
+```py
 a["one"] = "this is number 1"
 a["two"] = "this is number 2"
 a
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ a
 
 Out[3]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'one': 'this is number 1', 'two': 'this is number 2'}
 ```
 
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ Out[3]:
 
 In [4]:
 
-```
+```py
 a['one']
 
 ```
 
 Out[4]:
 
-```
+```py
 'this is number 1'
 ```
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Out[4]:
 
 In [5]:
 
-```
+```py
 a["one"] = "this is number 1, too"
 a
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ a
 
 Out[5]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'one': 'this is number 1, too', 'two': 'this is number 2'}
 ```
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Out[5]:
 
 In [6]:
 
-```
+```py
 b = {'one': 'this is number 1', 'two': 'this is number 2'}
 b['one']
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ b['one']
 
 Out[6]:
 
-```
+```py
 'this is number 1'
 ```
 
@@ -114,24 +114,24 @@ Out[6]:
 
 In [7]:
 
-```
+```py
 print a
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 {'two': 'this is number 2', 'one': 'this is number 1, too'}
 
 ```
 
 In [8]:
 
-```
+```py
 print b
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 {'two': 'this is number 2', 'one': 'this is number 1'}
 
 ```
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ print b
 
 In [9]:
 
-```
+```py
 # 会报错
 a[0]
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
 <ipython-input-9-cc39af2a359c> in <module>()
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ KeyError: 0
 
 In [10]:
 
-```
+```py
 synonyms = {}
 synonyms['mutable'] = ['changeable', 'variable', 'varying', 'fluctuating',
                        'shifting', 'inconsistent', 'unpredictable', 'inconstant',
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ synonyms
 
 Out[10]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'immutable': ['fixed',
   'set',
   'rigid',
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Out[10]:
 
 In [11]:
 
-```
+```py
 # 定义四个字典
 e1 = {'mag': 0.05, 'width': 20}
 e2 = {'mag': 0.04, 'width': 25}
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ events
 
 Out[11]:
 
-```
+```py
 {500: {'mag': 0.05, 'width': 20},
  760: {'mag': 0.04, 'width': 25},
  3001: {'mag': 0.05, 'width': 80},
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Out[11]:
 
 In [13]:
 
-```
+```py
 people = [
     {'first': 'Sam', 'last': 'Malone', 'name': 35},
     {'first': 'Woody', 'last': 'Boyd', 'name': 21},
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ people
 
 Out[13]:
 
-```
+```py
 [{'first': 'Sam', 'last': 'Malone', 'name': 35},
  {'first': 'Woody', 'last': 'Boyd', 'name': 21},
  {'first': 'Norm', 'last': 'Peterson', 'name': 34},
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ Out[13]:
 
 In [14]:
 
-```
+```py
 inventory = dict(
     [('foozelator', 123),
      ('frombicator', 18), 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ inventory
 
 Out[14]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'foozelator': 123, 'frombicator': 18, 'snitzelhogen': 23, 'spatzleblock': 34}
 ```
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ Out[14]:
 
 In [15]:
 
-```
+```py
 inventory['frombicator'] += 1
 inventory
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ inventory
 
 Out[15]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'foozelator': 123, 'frombicator': 19, 'snitzelhogen': 23, 'spatzleblock': 34}
 ```
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Out[15]:
 
 In [16]:
 
-```
+```py
 data = {}
 data[1.1 + 2.2] = 6.6
 # 会报错
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ data[3.3]
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
 <ipython-input-16-a48e87d01daa> in <module>()
@@ -316,14 +316,14 @@ KeyError: 3.3
 
 In [17]:
 
-```
+```py
 data
 
 ```
 
 Out[17]:
 
-```
+```py
 {3.3000000000000003: 6.6}
 ```
 
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Out[17]:
 
 In [19]:
 
-```
+```py
 connections = {}
 connections[('New York', 'Seattle')] = 100
 connections[('Austin', 'New York')] = 200
@@ -343,13 +343,13 @@ connections[('New York', 'Austin')] = 400
 
 In [20]:
 
-```
+```py
 print connections[('Austin', 'New York')]
 print connections[('New York', 'Austin')]
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 200
 400
 
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ print connections[('New York', 'Austin')]
 
 之前已经见过，用索引可以找到一个键对应的值，但是当字典中没有这个键的时候，Python会报错，这时候可以使用字典的 `get` 方法来处理这种情况，其用法如下：
 
-```
+```py
 `d.get(key, default = None)` 
 ```
 
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ print connections[('New York', 'Austin')]
 
 In [21]:
 
-```
+```py
 a = {}
 a["one"] = "this is number 1"
 a["two"] = "this is number 2"
@@ -380,12 +380,12 @@ a["two"] = "this is number 2"
 
 In [22]:
 
-```
+```py
 a["three"]
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
 <ipython-input-22-8a5f2913f00e> in <module>()
@@ -398,12 +398,12 @@ KeyError: 'three'
 
 In [24]:
 
-```
+```py
 print a.get("three")
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 None
 
 ```
@@ -412,14 +412,14 @@ None
 
 In [25]:
 
-```
+```py
 a.get("three", "undefined")
 
 ```
 
 Out[25]:
 
-```
+```py
 'undefined'
 ```
 
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ Out[25]:
 
 `pop` 方法可以用来弹出字典中某个键对应的值，同时也可以指定默认参数：
 
-```
+```py
 `d.pop(key, default = None)` 
 ```
 
@@ -435,14 +435,14 @@ Out[25]:
 
 In [26]:
 
-```
+```py
 a
 
 ```
 
 Out[26]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'one': 'this is number 1', 'two': 'this is number 2'}
 ```
 
@@ -450,27 +450,27 @@ Out[26]:
 
 In [27]:
 
-```
+```py
 a.pop("two")
 
 ```
 
 Out[27]:
 
-```
+```py
 'this is number 2'
 ```
 
 In [28]:
 
-```
+```py
 a
 
 ```
 
 Out[28]:
 
-```
+```py
 {'one': 'this is number 1'}
 ```
 
@@ -478,14 +478,14 @@ Out[28]:
 
 In [29]:
 
-```
+```py
 a.pop("two", 'not exist')
 
 ```
 
 Out[29]:
 
-```
+```py
 'not exist'
 ```
 
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ Out[29]:
 
 In [30]:
 
-```
+```py
 del a["one"]
 a
 
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ a
 
 Out[30]:
 
-```
+```py
 {}
 ```
 
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ Out[30]:
 
 之前已经知道，可以通过索引来插入、修改单个键值对，但是如果想对多个键值对进行操作，这种方法就显得比较麻烦，好在有 `update` 方法：
 
-```
+```py
 `d.update(newd)` 
 ```
 
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ Out[30]:
 
 In [31]:
 
-```
+```py
 person = {}
 person['first'] = "Jmes"
 person['last'] = "Maxwell"
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ print person
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 {'born': 1831, 'last': 'Maxwell', 'first': 'Jmes'}
 
 ```
@@ -535,14 +535,14 @@ print person
 
 In [32]:
 
-```
+```py
 person_modifications = {'first': 'James', 'middle': 'Clerk'}
 person.update(person_modifications)
 print person
 
 ```
 
-```
+```py
 {'middle': 'Clerk', 'born': 1831, 'last': 'Maxwell', 'first': 'James'}
 
 ```
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ print person
 
 In [33]:
 
-```
+```py
 barn = {'cows': 1, 'dogs': 5, 'cats': 3}
 
 ```
@@ -560,45 +560,45 @@ barn = {'cows': 1, 'dogs': 5, 'cats': 3}
 
 In [35]:
 
-```
+```py
 'chickens' in barn
 
 ```
 
 Out[35]:
 
-```
+```py
 False
 ```
 
 In [34]:
 
-```
+```py
 'cows' in barn
 
 ```
 
 Out[34]:
 
-```
+```py
 True
 ```
 
 ### `keys` 方法，`values` 方法和`items` 方法
 
-```
+```py
 `d.keys()` 
 ```
 
 返回一个由所有键组成的列表；
 
-```
+```py
 `d.values()` 
 ```
 
 返回一个由所有值组成的列表；
 
-```
+```py
 `d.items()` 
 ```
 
@@ -606,39 +606,39 @@ True
 
 In [36]:
 
-```
+```py
 barn.keys()
 
 ```
 
 Out[36]:
 
-```
+```py
 ['cows', 'cats', 'dogs']
 ```
 
 In [37]:
 
-```
+```py
 barn.values()
 
 ```
 
 Out[37]:
 
-```
+```py
 [1, 3, 5]
 ```
 
 In [38]:
 
-```
+```py
 barn.items()
 
 ```
 
 Out[38]:
 
-```
+```py
 [('cows', 1), ('cats', 3), ('dogs', 5)]
 ```