Fix bugs and harmonize the code comments (#1199)

* Fix the comment in array_deque.go

* Fix the comment in bucket_sort.c

* Translate the Java code comments to Chinese

* Bug fixes

* 二分查找 -> 二分搜尋

* Harmonize comments in `utils` between multiple programming languages

codes/c/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "../utils/common.h"
 
-#define ARRAY_SIZE 10
+#define SIZE 10
 
 /* 比较两个浮点数的大小 */
 int compare_float(const void *a, const void *b) {
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
     int k = size / 2;
     float **buckets = calloc(k, sizeof(float *));
     for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
-        // 每个桶最多可以分配 k 个元素
-        buckets[i] = calloc(ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float));
+        // 每个桶最多可以分配 size 个元素
+        buckets[i] = calloc(size, sizeof(float));
     }
 
     // 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
             j++;
         }
         float temp = nums[i];
-        while (j < ARRAY_SIZE && buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0) {
+        while (j < size && buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0) {
             swap(&temp, &buckets[bucket_idx][j]);
             j++;
         }
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
 
     // 2. 对各个桶执行排序
     for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
-        qsort(buckets[i], ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float), compare_float);
+        qsort(buckets[i], size, sizeof(float), compare_float);
     }
 
     // 3. 遍历桶合并结果
     for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < k; j++) {
-        for (int l = 0; l < ARRAY_SIZE; l++) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < size; l++) {
             if (buckets[j][l] > 0) {
                 nums[i++] = buckets[j][l];
             }
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     // 设输入数据为浮点数，范围为 [0, 1)
-    float nums[ARRAY_SIZE] = {0.49f, 0.96f, 0.82f, 0.09f, 0.57f, 0.43f, 0.91f, 0.75f, 0.15f, 0.37f};
-    bucketSort(nums, ARRAY_SIZE);
+    float nums[SIZE] = {0.49f, 0.96f, 0.82f, 0.09f, 0.57f, 0.43f, 0.91f, 0.75f, 0.15f, 0.37f};
+    bucketSort(nums, SIZE);
     printf("桶排序完成后 nums = ");
-    printArrayFloat(nums, ARRAY_SIZE);
+    printArrayFloat(nums, SIZE);
 
     return 0;
 }

codes/c/utils/common_test.c

@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ void testListNode() {
     int size = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int);
     ListNode *head = arrToLinkedList(nums, size);
     printLinkedList(head);
-
-    ListNode *node = getListNode(head, 5);
-    printf("find node: %d\n", node->val);
 }
 
 void testTreeNode() {

codes/c/utils/list_node.h

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ListNode *newListNode(int val) {
     return node;
 }
 
-/* Generate a linked list with an array */
+/* 将数组反序列化为链表 */
 ListNode *arrToLinkedList(const int *arr, size_t size) {
     if (size <= 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -41,15 +41,7 @@ ListNode *arrToLinkedList(const int *arr, size_t size) {
     return dummy->next;
 }
 
-/* Get a list node with specific value from a linked list */
-ListNode *getListNode(ListNode *head, int val) {
-    while (head != NULL && head->val != val) {
-        head = head->next;
-    }
-    return head;
-}
-
-/* Free the memory allocated to a linked list */
+/* 释放分配给链表的内存空间 */
 void freeMemoryLinkedList(ListNode *cur) {
     // 释放内存
     ListNode *pre;

codes/c/utils/print_util.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-/* Print an Array */
+/* 打印数组 */
 void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
     if (arr == NULL || size == 0) {
         printf("[]");
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
     printf("%d]\n", arr[size - 1]);
 }
 
-/* Print an Array */
+/* 打印数组 */
 void printArrayFloat(float arr[], int size) {
     if (arr == NULL || size == 0) {
         printf("[]");
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void printArrayFloat(float arr[], int size) {
     printf("%.2f]\n", arr[size - 1]);
 }
 
-/* Print a linked list */
+/* 打印链表 */
 void printLinkedList(ListNode *node) {
     if (node == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ Trunk *newTrunk(Trunk *prev, char *str) {
     return trunk;
 }
 
-/* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree */
 void showTrunks(Trunk *trunk) {
     if (trunk == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -78,7 +77,11 @@ void showTrunks(Trunk *trunk) {
     printf("%s", trunk->str);
 }
 
-/* Help to print a binary tree, hide more details */
+/**
+ * 打印二叉树
+ * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
+ * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
+ */
 void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     if (node == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -106,12 +109,12 @@ void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     printTreeHelper(node->left, trunk, false);
 }
 
-/* Print a binary tree */
+/* 打印二叉树 */
 void printTree(TreeNode *root) {
     printTreeHelper(root, NULL, false);
 }
 
-/* Print a Heap */
+/* 打印堆 */
 void printHeap(int arr[], int size) {
     TreeNode *root;
     printf("堆的数组表示：");