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chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/index.html
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<p>查阅字典这个小学生必备技能，实际上就是著名的「二分查找」。从数据结构的角度，我们可以把字典视为一个已排序的「数组」；从算法的角度，我们可以将上述查字典的一系列操作看作是「二分查找」算法。</p>
<p><strong>例三：货币找零</strong>。假设我们在超市购买了 <span class="arithmatex">\(69\)</span> 元的商品，给收银员付了 <span class="arithmatex">\(100\)</span> 元，则收银员需要给我们找 <span class="arithmatex">\(31\)</span> 元。他会很自然地完成以下思考：</p>
<ol>
<li>可选项是比 <span class="arithmatex">\(31\)</span> 元面值更小的货币，包括 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(10\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(20\)</span> 元。</li>
<li>从可选项中拿出最大的 <span class="arithmatex">\(20\)</span> 元，剩余 <span class="arithmatex">\(31 - 20 = 11\)</span> 元。</li>
<li>从剩余可选项中拿出最大的 <span class="arithmatex">\(10\)</span> 元，剩余 <span class="arithmatex">\(11 - 10 = 1\)</span> 元。</li>
<li>从剩余可选项中拿出最大的 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 元，剩余 <span class="arithmatex">\(1 - 1 = 0\)</span> 元。完成找零。</li>
</ol>
<p>在以上步骤中，我们每一步都采取当前看来最好的选择（尽可能用大面额的货币），最终得到了可行的找零方案 <span class="arithmatex">\(20 + 10 + 1 = 31\)</span> 元。从数据结构与算法的角度看，以上方法本质上是「贪心算法」。</p>
<p>小到烹饪一道菜，大到星际航行，几乎所有问题的解决都离不开算法。计算机的出现使我们能够通过编程将数据结构存储在内存中，同时编写代码调用 CPU 和 GPU 执行算法。这样一来，我们就能把生活中的问题转移到计算机上，以更高效的方式解决各种复杂问题。</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

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chapter_introduction/index.html
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chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/index.html
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