translation: Add Python and Java code for EN version (#1345)

* Add the intial translation of code of all the languages

* test

* revert

* Remove

* Add Python and Java code for EN version

en/codes/java/utils/ListNode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * File: ListNode.java
+ * Created Time: 2022-11-25
+ * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
+ */
+
+package utils;
+
+/* Linked list node */
+public class ListNode {
+    public int val;
+    public ListNode next;
+
+    public ListNode(int x) {
+        val = x;
+    }
+
+    /* Deserialize a list into a linked list */
+    public static ListNode arrToLinkedList(int[] arr) {
+        ListNode dum = new ListNode(0);
+        ListNode head = dum;
+        for (int val : arr) {
+            head.next = new ListNode(val);
+            head = head.next;
+        }
+        return dum.next;
+    }
+}

en/codes/java/utils/PrintUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/**
+ * File: PrintUtil.java
+ * Created Time: 2022-11-25
+ * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
+ */
+
+package utils;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+class Trunk {
+    Trunk prev;
+    String str;
+
+    Trunk(Trunk prev, String str) {
+        this.prev = prev;
+        this.str = str;
+    }
+};
+
+public class PrintUtil {
+    /* Print matrix (Array) */
+    public static <T> void printMatrix(T[][] matrix) {
+        System.out.println("[");
+        for (T[] row : matrix) {
+            System.out.println("  " + row + ",");
+        }
+        System.out.println("]");
+    }
+
+    /* Print matrix (List) */
+    public static <T> void printMatrix(List<List<T>> matrix) {
+        System.out.println("[");
+        for (List<T> row : matrix) {
+            System.out.println("  " + row + ",");
+        }
+        System.out.println("]");
+    }
+
+    /* Print linked list */
+    public static void printLinkedList(ListNode head) {
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        while (head != null) {
+            list.add(String.valueOf(head.val));
+            head = head.next;
+        }
+        System.out.println(String.join(" -> ", list));
+    }
+
+    /* Print binary tree */
+    public static void printTree(TreeNode root) {
+        printTree(root, null, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print binary tree
+     * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
+     * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
+     */
+    public static void printTree(TreeNode root, Trunk prev, boolean isRight) {
+        if (root == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String prev_str = "    ";
+        Trunk trunk = new Trunk(prev, prev_str);
+
+        printTree(root.right, trunk, true);
+
+        if (prev == null) {
+            trunk.str = "———";
+        } else if (isRight) {
+            trunk.str = "/———";
+            prev_str = "   |";
+        } else {
+            trunk.str = "\\———";
+            prev.str = prev_str;
+        }
+
+        showTrunks(trunk);
+        System.out.println(" " + root.val);
+
+        if (prev != null) {
+            prev.str = prev_str;
+        }
+        trunk.str = "   |";
+
+        printTree(root.left, trunk, false);
+    }
+
+    public static void showTrunks(Trunk p) {
+        if (p == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        showTrunks(p.prev);
+        System.out.print(p.str);
+    }
+
+    /* Print hash table */
+    public static <K, V> void printHashMap(Map<K, V> map) {
+        for (Map.Entry<K, V> kv : map.entrySet()) {
+            System.out.println(kv.getKey() + " -> " + kv.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Print heap (Priority queue) */
+    public static void printHeap(Queue<Integer> queue) {
+        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(queue);
+        System.out.print("Array representation of the heap:");
+        System.out.println(list);
+        System.out.println("Tree representation of the heap:");
+        TreeNode root = TreeNode.listToTree(list);
+        printTree(root);
+    }
+}

en/codes/java/utils/TreeNode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * File: TreeNode.java
+ * Created Time: 2022-11-25
+ * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
+ */
+
+package utils;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+/* Binary tree node class */
+public class TreeNode {
+    public int val; // Node value
+    public int height; // Node height
+    public TreeNode left; // Reference to the left child node
+    public TreeNode right; // Reference to the right child node
+
+    /* Constructor */
+    public TreeNode(int x) {
+        val = x;
+    }
+
+    // For serialization encoding rules, refer to:
+    // https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/
+    // Array representation of the binary tree:
+    // [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]
+    // Linked list representation of the binary tree:
+    //             /——— 15
+    //         /——— 7
+    //     /——— 3
+    //    |    \——— 6
+    //    |        \——— 12
+    // ——— 1
+    //     \——— 2
+    //        |    /——— 9
+    //         \——— 4
+    //             \——— 8
+
+    /* Deserialize a list into a binary tree: Recursively */
+    private static TreeNode listToTreeDFS(List<Integer> arr, int i) {
+        if (i < 0 || i >= arr.size() || arr.get(i) == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(arr.get(i));
+        root.left = listToTreeDFS(arr, 2 * i + 1);
+        root.right = listToTreeDFS(arr, 2 * i + 2);
+        return root;
+    }
+
+    /* Deserialize a list into a binary tree */
+    public static TreeNode listToTree(List<Integer> arr) {
+        return listToTreeDFS(arr, 0);
+    }
+
+    /* Serialize a binary tree into a list: Recursively */
+    private static void treeToListDFS(TreeNode root, int i, List<Integer> res) {
+        if (root == null)
+            return;
+        while (i >= res.size()) {
+            res.add(null);
+        }
+        res.set(i, root.val);
+        treeToListDFS(root.left, 2 * i + 1, res);
+        treeToListDFS(root.right, 2 * i + 2, res);
+    }
+
+    /* Serialize a binary tree into a list */
+    public static List<Integer> treeToList(TreeNode root) {
+        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
+        treeToListDFS(root, 0, res);
+        return res;
+    }
+}

en/codes/java/utils/Vertex.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * File: Vertex.java
+ * Created Time: 2023-02-15
+ * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
+ */
+
+package utils;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+/* Vertex class */
+public class Vertex {
+    public int val;
+
+    public Vertex(int val) {
+        this.val = val;
+    }
+
+    /* Input a list of values vals, return a list of vertices vets */
+    public static Vertex[] valsToVets(int[] vals) {
+        Vertex[] vets = new Vertex[vals.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < vals.length; i++) {
+            vets[i] = new Vertex(vals[i]);
+        }
+        return vets;
+    }
+
+    /* Input a list of vertices vets, return a list of values vals */
+    public static List<Integer> vetsToVals(List<Vertex> vets) {
+        List<Integer> vals = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Vertex vet : vets) {
+            vals.add(vet.val);
+        }
+        return vals;
+    }
+}