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Translate all code to English (#1836)

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* Review the EN heading format.

* Fix pythontutor headings.

* Fix pythontutor headings.

* bug fixes

* Fix headings in **/summary.md

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Python code using Claude-4.5

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Java code using Claude-4.5

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Cpp code using Claude-4.5.

* Fix the dictionary.

* Fix cpp code translation for the multipart strings.

* Translate Go code to English.

* Update workflows to test EN code.

* Add EN translation for C.

* Add EN translation for CSharp.

* Add EN translation for Swift.

* Trigger the CI check.

* Revert.

* Update en/hash_map.md

* Add the EN version of Dart code.

* Add the EN version of Kotlin code.

* Add missing code files.

* Add the EN version of JavaScript code.

* Add the EN version of TypeScript code.

* Fix the workflows.

* Add the EN version of Ruby code.

* Add the EN version of Rust code.

* Update the CI check for the English version  code.

* Update Python CI check.

* Fix cmakelists for en/C code.

* Fix Ruby comments
This commit is contained in:
Yudong Jin
2025-12-31 07:44:52 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 45e1295241
commit 2778a6f9c7
1284 changed files with 71557 additions and 3275 deletions
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32
en/codes/cpp/chapter_heap/heap.cpp
View File

@@ -7,40 +7,40 @@
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
void testPush(priority_queue<int> &heap, int val) {
heap.push(val); // Push the element into heap
cout << "\nAfter element " << val << " is added to the heap" << endl;
heap.push(val); // Element enters heap
cout << "\nAfter element " << val << " pushes to heap" << endl;
printHeap(heap);
}
void testPop(priority_queue<int> &heap) {
int val = heap.top();
heap.pop();
cout << "\nAfter the top element " << val << " is removed from the heap" << endl;
cout << "\nAfter heap top element " << val << " pops from heap" << endl;
printHeap(heap);
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* Initialize the heap */
// Initialize min-heap
/* Initialize heap */
// Python's heapq module implements min heap by default
// priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> minHeap;
// Initialize max-heap
// Consider negating the elements before entering the heap, which can reverse the size relationship, thus implementing max heap
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, less<int>> maxHeap;
cout << "\nThe following test case is for max-heap" << endl;
cout << "\nThe following test cases are for max heap" << endl;
/* Push the element into heap */
/* Element enters heap */
testPush(maxHeap, 1);
testPush(maxHeap, 3);
testPush(maxHeap, 2);
testPush(maxHeap, 5);
testPush(maxHeap, 4);
/* Access heap top element */
/* Check if heap is empty */
int peek = maxHeap.top();
cout << "\nTop element of the heap is " << peek << endl;
cout << "\nHeap top element is " << peek << endl;
/* Pop the element at the heap top */
/* Time complexity is O(n), not O(nlogn) */
testPop(maxHeap);
testPop(maxHeap);
testPop(maxHeap);
@@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ int main() {
/* Get heap size */
int size = maxHeap.size();
cout << "\nNumber of elements in the heap is " << size << endl;
cout << "\nHeap size is " << size << endl;
/* Determine if heap is empty */
/* Check if heap is empty */
bool isEmpty = maxHeap.empty();
cout << "\nIs the heap empty " << isEmpty << endl;
cout << "\nIs heap empty " << isEmpty << endl;
/* Enter list and build heap */
/* Input list and build heap */
// Time complexity is O(n), not O(nlogn)
vector<int> input{1, 3, 2, 5, 4};
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> minHeap(input.begin(), input.end());
cout << "After inputting the list and building a min-heap" << endl;
cout << "After input list and building min heap" << endl;
printHeap(minHeap);
return 0;

62
en/codes/cpp/chapter_heap/my_heap.cpp
View File

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* Max-heap */
/* Max heap */
class MaxHeap {
private:
// Using a dynamic array to avoid the need for resizing
// Use dynamic array to avoid expansion issues
vector<int> maxHeap;
/* Get index of left child node */
@@ -24,34 +24,34 @@ class MaxHeap {
/* Get index of parent node */
int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2; // Integer division down
return (i - 1) / 2; // Floor division
}
/* Start heapifying node i, from bottom to top */
/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */
void siftUp(int i) {
while (true) {
// Get parent node of node i
int p = parent(i);
// When "crossing the root node" or "node does not need repair", end heapification
// When "crossing root node" or "node needs no repair", end heapify
if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
break;
// Swap two nodes
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);
// Loop upwards heapification
// Loop upward heapify
i = p;
}
}
/* Start heapifying node i, from top to bottom */
/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */
void siftDown(int i) {
while (true) {
// Determine the largest node among i, l, r, noted as ma
// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break
int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
ma = l;
if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
ma = r;
// If node i is the largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no further heapification needed, break
// Swap two nodes
if (ma == i)
break;
swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ class MaxHeap {
public:
/* Constructor, build heap based on input list */
MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
// Add all list elements into the heap
// Add list elements to heap as is
maxHeap = nums;
// Heapify all nodes except leaves
// Heapify all nodes except leaf nodes
for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
siftDown(i);
}
@@ -76,17 +76,17 @@ class MaxHeap {
return maxHeap.size();
}
/* Determine if heap is empty */
/* Check if heap is empty */
bool isEmpty() {
return size() == 0;
}
/* Access heap top element */
/* Access top element */
int peek() {
return maxHeap[0];
}
/* Push the element into heap */
/* Element enters heap */
void push(int val) {
// Add node
maxHeap.push_back(val);
@@ -96,23 +96,23 @@ class MaxHeap {
/* Element exits heap */
void pop() {
// Empty handling
// Handle empty case
if (isEmpty()) {
throw out_of_range("Heap is empty");
}
// Swap the root node with the rightmost leaf node (swap the first element with the last element)
// Delete node
swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);
// Remove node
maxHeap.pop_back();
// Heapify from top to bottom
// Return top element
siftDown(0);
}
/* Print heap (binary tree)*/
/* Driver Code*/
void print() {
cout << "Array representation of the heap:";
cout << "Heap array representation:";
printVector(maxHeap);
cout << "Tree representation of the heap:" << endl;
cout << "Heap tree representation:" << endl;
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(maxHeap);
printTree(root);
freeMemoryTree(root);
@@ -121,35 +121,35 @@ class MaxHeap {
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
/* Initialize max-heap */
/* Consider negating the elements before entering the heap, which can reverse the size relationship, thus implementing max heap */
vector<int> vec{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
MaxHeap maxHeap(vec);
cout << "\nEnter list and build heap" << endl;
cout << "\nAfter inputting list and building heap" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
/* Access heap top element */
/* Check if heap is empty */
int peek = maxHeap.peek();
cout << "\nTop element of the heap is " << peek << endl;
cout << "\nHeap top element is " << peek << endl;
/* Push the element into heap */
/* Element enters heap */
int val = 7;
maxHeap.push(val);
cout << "\nAfter element " << val << " is added to the heap" << endl;
cout << "\nAfter element " << val << " pushes to heap" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
/* Pop the element at the heap top */
/* Time complexity is O(n), not O(nlogn) */
peek = maxHeap.peek();
maxHeap.pop();
cout << "\nAfter the top element " << peek << " is removed from the heap" << endl;
cout << "\nAfter heap top element " << peek << " pops from heap" << endl;
maxHeap.print();
/* Get heap size */
int size = maxHeap.size();
cout << "\nNumber of elements in the heap is " << size << endl;
cout << "\nHeap size is " << size << endl;
/* Determine if heap is empty */
/* Check if heap is empty */
bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
cout << "\nIs the heap empty " << isEmpty << endl;
cout << "\nIs heap empty " << isEmpty << endl;
return 0;
}

12
en/codes/cpp/chapter_heap/top_k.cpp
View File

@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* Using heap to find the largest k elements in an array */
/* Find the largest k elements in array based on heap */
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> topKHeap(vector<int> &nums, int k) {
// Initialize min-heap
// Python's heapq module implements min heap by default
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> heap;
// Enter the first k elements of the array into the heap
// Enter the first k elements of array into heap
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
heap.push(nums[i]);
}
// From the k+1th element, keep the heap length as k
// Starting from the (k+1)th element, maintain heap length as k
for (int i = k; i < nums.size(); i++) {
// If the current element is larger than the heap top element, remove the heap top element and enter the current element into the heap
// If current element is greater than top element, top element exits heap, current element enters heap
if (nums[i] > heap.top()) {
heap.pop();
heap.push(nums[i]);
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int main() {
int k = 3;
priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> res = topKHeap(nums, k);
cout << "The largest " << k << " elements are:";
cout << "The largest " << k << " elements are: ";
printHeap(res);
return 0;