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Translate all code to English (#1836)

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* Review the EN heading format.

* Fix pythontutor headings.

* Fix pythontutor headings.

* bug fixes

* Fix headings in **/summary.md

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Python code using Claude-4.5

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Java code using Claude-4.5

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Cpp code using Claude-4.5.

* Fix the dictionary.

* Fix cpp code translation for the multipart strings.

* Translate Go code to English.

* Update workflows to test EN code.

* Add EN translation for C.

* Add EN translation for CSharp.

* Add EN translation for Swift.

* Trigger the CI check.

* Revert.

* Update en/hash_map.md

* Add the EN version of Dart code.

* Add the EN version of Kotlin code.

* Add missing code files.

* Add the EN version of JavaScript code.

* Add the EN version of TypeScript code.

* Fix the workflows.

* Add the EN version of Ruby code.

* Add the EN version of Rust code.

* Update the CI check for the English version  code.

* Update Python CI check.

* Fix cmakelists for en/C code.

* Fix Ruby comments
This commit is contained in:
Yudong Jin
2025-12-31 07:44:52 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 45e1295241
commit 2778a6f9c7
1284 changed files with 71557 additions and 3275 deletions
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28
en/codes/java/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.java
View File

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ArrayHashMap {
private List<Pair> buckets;
public ArrayHashMap() {
// Initialize an array, containing 100 buckets
// Initialize array with 100 buckets
buckets = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
buckets.add(null);
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ArrayHashMap {
/* Remove operation */
public void remove(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
// Set to null, indicating removal
// Set to null to represent deletion
buckets.set(index, null);
}
@@ -105,23 +105,23 @@ public class array_hash_map {
/* Add operation */
// Add key-value pair (key, value) to the hash table
map.put(12836, "Ha");
map.put(15937, "Luo");
map.put(16750, "Suan");
map.put(13276, "Fa");
map.put(10583, "Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.put(12836, "Xiao Ha");
map.put(15937, "Xiao Luo");
map.put(16750, "Xiao Suan");
map.put(13276, "Xiao Fa");
map.put(10583, "Xiao Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding is complete, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.print();
/* Query operation */
// Enter key to the hash table, get value
// Input key into hash table to get value
String name = map.get(15937);
System.out.println("\nEnter student ID 15937, found name " + name);
System.out.println("\nInput student ID 15937, query name " + name);
/* Remove operation */
// Remove key-value pair (key, value) from the hash table
// Remove key-value pair (key, value) from hash table
map.remove(10583);
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 10583, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 10583, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.print();
/* Traverse hash table */
@@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ public class array_hash_map {
for (Pair kv : map.pairSet()) {
System.out.println(kv.key + " -> " + kv.val);
}
System.out.println("\nIndividually traverse keys Key");
System.out.println("\nTraverse keys only Key");
for (int key : map.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key);
}
System.out.println("\nIndividually traverse values Value");
System.out.println("\nTraverse values only Value");
for (String val : map.valueSet()) {
System.out.println(val);
}

16
en/codes/java/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.java
View File

@@ -13,26 +13,26 @@ public class built_in_hash {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 3;
int hashNum = Integer.hashCode(num);
System.out.println("The hash value of integer " + num + " is " + hashNum);
System.out.println("Hash value of integer " + num + " is " + hashNum);
boolean bol = true;
int hashBol = Boolean.hashCode(bol);
System.out.println("The hash value of boolean " + bol + " is " + hashBol);
System.out.println("Hash value of boolean " + bol + " is " + hashBol);
double dec = 3.14159;
int hashDec = Double.hashCode(dec);
System.out.println("The hash value of decimal " + dec + " is " + hashDec);
System.out.println("Hash value of decimal " + dec + " is " + hashDec);
String str = "Hello algorithm";
String str = "Hello Algo";
int hashStr = str.hashCode();
System.out.println("The hash value of string " + str + " is " + hashStr);
System.out.println("Hash value of string " + str + " is " + hashStr);
Object[] arr = { 12836, "Ha" };
Object[] arr = { 12836, "Xiao Ha" };
int hashTup = Arrays.hashCode(arr);
System.out.println("The hash value of array " + Arrays.toString(arr) + " is " + hashTup);
System.out.println("Hash value of array " + Arrays.toString(arr) + " is " + hashTup);
ListNode obj = new ListNode(0);
int hashObj = obj.hashCode();
System.out.println("The hash value of node object " + obj + " is " + hashObj);
System.out.println("Hash value of node object " + obj + " is " + hashObj);
}
}

24
en/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map.java
View File

@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@ public class hash_map {
/* Add operation */
// Add key-value pair (key, value) to the hash table
map.put(12836, "Ha");
map.put(15937, "Luo");
map.put(16750, "Suan");
map.put(13276, "Fa");
map.put(10583, "Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.put(12836, "Xiao Ha");
map.put(15937, "Xiao Luo");
map.put(16750, "Xiao Suan");
map.put(13276, "Xiao Fa");
map.put(10583, "Xiao Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding is complete, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
PrintUtil.printHashMap(map);
/* Query operation */
// Enter key to the hash table, get value
// Input key into hash table to get value
String name = map.get(15937);
System.out.println("\nEnter student ID 15937, found name " + name);
System.out.println("\nInput student ID 15937, query name " + name);
/* Remove operation */
// Remove key-value pair (key, value) from the hash table
// Remove key-value pair (key, value) from hash table
map.remove(10583);
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 10583, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 10583, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
PrintUtil.printHashMap(map);
/* Traverse hash table */
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ public class hash_map {
for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> kv : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(kv.getKey() + " -> " + kv.getValue());
}
System.out.println("\nIndividually traverse keys Key");
System.out.println("\nTraverse keys only Key");
for (int key : map.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key);
}
System.out.println("\nIndividually traverse values Value");
System.out.println("\nTraverse values only Value");
for (String val : map.values()) {
System.out.println(val);
}

38
en/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.java
View File

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ package chapter_hashing;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/* Chained address hash table */
/* Hash table with separate chaining */
class HashMapChaining {
int size; // Number of key-value pairs
int capacity; // Hash table capacity
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class HashMapChaining {
String get(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);
// Traverse the bucket, if the key is found, return the corresponding val
// Traverse bucket, if key is found, return corresponding val
for (Pair pair : bucket) {
if (pair.key == key) {
return pair.val;
@@ -55,20 +55,20 @@ class HashMapChaining {
/* Add operation */
void put(int key, String val) {
// When the load factor exceeds the threshold, perform expansion
// When load factor exceeds threshold, perform expansion
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
int index = hashFunc(key);
List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);
// Traverse the bucket, if the specified key is encountered, update the corresponding val and return
// Traverse bucket, if specified key is encountered, update corresponding val and return
for (Pair pair : bucket) {
if (pair.key == key) {
pair.val = val;
return;
}
}
// If the key is not found, add the key-value pair to the end
// If key does not exist, append key-value pair to the end
Pair pair = new Pair(key, val);
bucket.add(pair);
size++;
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class HashMapChaining {
void remove(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);
// Traverse the bucket, remove the key-value pair from it
// Traverse bucket and remove key-value pair from it
for (Pair pair : bucket) {
if (pair.key == key) {
bucket.remove(pair);
@@ -88,18 +88,18 @@ class HashMapChaining {
}
}
/* Extend hash table */
/* Expand hash table */
void extend() {
// Temporarily store the original hash table
List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;
// Initialize the extended new hash table
// Initialize expanded new hash table
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = new ArrayList<>(capacity);
for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());
}
size = 0;
// Move key-value pairs from the original hash table to the new hash table
// Move key-value pairs from original hash table to new hash table
for (List<Pair> bucket : bucketsTmp) {
for (Pair pair : bucket) {
put(pair.key, pair.val);
@@ -126,23 +126,23 @@ public class hash_map_chaining {
/* Add operation */
// Add key-value pair (key, value) to the hash table
map.put(12836, "Ha");
map.put(15937, "Luo");
map.put(16750, "Suan");
map.put(13276, "Fa");
map.put(10583, "Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.put(12836, "Xiao Ha");
map.put(15937, "Xiao Luo");
map.put(16750, "Xiao Suan");
map.put(13276, "Xiao Fa");
map.put(10583, "Xiao Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding is complete, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.print();
/* Query operation */
// Enter key to the hash table, get value
// Input key into hash table to get value
String name = map.get(13276);
System.out.println("\nEnter student ID 13276, found name " + name);
System.out.println("\nInput student ID 13276, query name " + name);
/* Remove operation */
// Remove key-value pair (key, value) from the hash table
// Remove key-value pair (key, value) from hash table
map.remove(12836);
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 12836, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 12836, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
map.print();
}
}

60
en/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java
View File

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
package chapter_hashing;
/* Open addressing hash table */
/* Hash table with open addressing */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
private int size; // Number of key-value pairs
private int capacity = 4; // Hash table capacity
private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // Load factor threshold for triggering expansion
private final int extendRatio = 2; // Expansion multiplier
private Pair[] buckets; // Bucket array
private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // Removal mark
private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // Removal marker
/* Constructor */
public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
return (double) size / capacity;
}
/* Search for the bucket index corresponding to key */
/* Search for bucket index corresponding to key */
private int findBucket(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
int firstTombstone = -1;
// Linear probing, break when encountering an empty bucket
while (buckets[index] != null) {
// If the key is encountered, return the corresponding bucket index
// If key is encountered, return the corresponding bucket index
if (buckets[index].key == key) {
// If a removal mark was encountered earlier, move the key-value pair to that index
// If a removal marker was encountered before, move the key-value pair to that index
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
@@ -47,67 +47,67 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
}
return index; // Return bucket index
}
// Record the first encountered removal mark
// Record the first removal marker encountered
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
firstTombstone = index;
}
// Calculate the bucket index, return to the head if exceeding the tail
// Calculate bucket index, wrap around to the head if past the tail
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
}
// If the key does not exist, return the index of the insertion point
// If key does not exist, return the index for insertion
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
}
/* Query operation */
public String get(int key) {
// Search for the bucket index corresponding to key
// Search for bucket index corresponding to key
int index = findBucket(key);
// If the key-value pair is found, return the corresponding val
// If key-value pair is found, return corresponding val
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
return buckets[index].val;
}
// If the key-value pair does not exist, return null
// If key-value pair does not exist, return null
return null;
}
/* Add operation */
public void put(int key, String val) {
// When the load factor exceeds the threshold, perform expansion
// When load factor exceeds threshold, perform expansion
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
// Search for the bucket index corresponding to key
// Search for bucket index corresponding to key
int index = findBucket(key);
// If the key-value pair is found, overwrite val and return
// If key-value pair is found, overwrite val and return
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index].val = val;
return;
}
// If the key-value pair does not exist, add the key-value pair
// If key-value pair does not exist, add the key-value pair
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
size++;
}
/* Remove operation */
public void remove(int key) {
// Search for the bucket index corresponding to key
// Search for bucket index corresponding to key
int index = findBucket(key);
// If the key-value pair is found, cover it with a removal mark
// If key-value pair is found, overwrite it with removal marker
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
size--;
}
}
/* Extend hash table */
/* Expand hash table */
private void extend() {
// Temporarily store the original hash table
Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
// Initialize the extended new hash table
// Initialize expanded new hash table
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
size = 0;
// Move key-value pairs from the original hash table to the new hash table
// Move key-value pairs from original hash table to new hash table
for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {
if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
put(pair.key, pair.val);
@@ -136,23 +136,23 @@ public class hash_map_open_addressing {
// Add operation
// Add key-value pair (key, val) to the hash table
hashmap.put(12836, "Ha");
hashmap.put(15937, "Luo");
hashmap.put(16750, "Suan");
hashmap.put(13276, "Fa");
hashmap.put(10583, "Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.put(12836, "Xiao Ha");
hashmap.put(15937, "Xiao Luo");
hashmap.put(16750, "Xiao Suan");
hashmap.put(13276, "Xiao Fa");
hashmap.put(10583, "Xiao Ya");
System.out.println("\nAfter adding is complete, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
// Query operation
// Enter key to the hash table, get value val
// Input key into hash table to get value val
String name = hashmap.get(13276);
System.out.println("\nEnter student ID 13276, found name " + name);
System.out.println("\nInput student ID 13276, query name " + name);
// Remove operation
// Remove key-value pair (key, val) from the hash table
// Remove key-value pair (key, val) from hash table
hashmap.remove(16750);
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 16750, the hash table is\nKey -> Value");
System.out.println("\nAfter removing 16750, hash table is\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
}
}

2
en/codes/java/chapter_hashing/simple_hash.java
View File

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class simple_hash {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String key = "Hello algorithm";
String key = "Hello Algo";
int hash = addHash(key);
System.out.println("Additive hash value is " + hash);