Translate all code to English (#1836)

* Review the EN heading format.

* Fix pythontutor headings.

* Fix pythontutor headings.

* bug fixes

* Fix headings in **/summary.md

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Python code using Claude-4.5

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Java code using Claude-4.5

* Revisit the CN-to-EN translation for Cpp code using Claude-4.5.

* Fix the dictionary.

* Fix cpp code translation for the multipart strings.

* Translate Go code to English.

* Update workflows to test EN code.

* Add EN translation for C.

* Add EN translation for CSharp.

* Add EN translation for Swift.

* Trigger the CI check.

* Revert.

* Update en/hash_map.md

* Add the EN version of Dart code.

* Add the EN version of Kotlin code.

* Add missing code files.

* Add the EN version of JavaScript code.

* Add the EN version of TypeScript code.

* Fix the workflows.

* Add the EN version of Ruby code.

* Add the EN version of Rust code.

* Update the CI check for the English version  code.

* Update Python CI check.

* Fix cmakelists for en/C code.

* Fix Ruby comments
This commit is contained in:
Yudong Jin
2025-12-31 07:44:52 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 45e1295241
commit 2778a6f9c7
1284 changed files with 71557 additions and 3275 deletions

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
/**
* File: array_deque.js
* Created Time: 2023-02-28
* Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
*/
/* Double-ended queue based on circular array implementation */
class ArrayDeque {
#nums; // Array for storing double-ended queue elements
#front; // Front pointer, points to the front of the queue element
#queSize; // Double-ended queue length
/* Constructor */
constructor(capacity) {
this.#nums = new Array(capacity);
this.#front = 0;
this.#queSize = 0;
}
/* Get the capacity of the double-ended queue */
capacity() {
return this.#nums.length;
}
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
size() {
return this.#queSize;
}
/* Check if the double-ended queue is empty */
isEmpty() {
return this.#queSize === 0;
}
/* Calculate circular array index */
index(i) {
// Use modulo operation to wrap the array head and tail together
// When i passes the tail of the array, return to the head
// When i passes the head of the array, return to the tail
return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();
}
/* Front of the queue enqueue */
pushFirst(num) {
if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {
console.log('Double-ended queue is full');
return;
}
// Use modulo operation to wrap front around to the tail after passing the head of the array
// Add num to the front of the queue
this.#front = this.index(this.#front - 1);
// Add num to front of queue
this.#nums[this.#front] = num;
this.#queSize++;
}
/* Rear of the queue enqueue */
pushLast(num) {
if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {
console.log('Double-ended queue is full');
return;
}
// Use modulo operation to wrap rear around to the head after passing the tail of the array
const rear = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize);
// Front pointer moves one position backward
this.#nums[rear] = num;
this.#queSize++;
}
/* Rear of the queue dequeue */
popFirst() {
const num = this.peekFirst();
// Move front pointer backward by one position
this.#front = this.index(this.#front + 1);
this.#queSize--;
return num;
}
/* Access rear of the queue element */
popLast() {
const num = this.peekLast();
this.#queSize--;
return num;
}
/* Return list for printing */
peekFirst() {
if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');
return this.#nums[this.#front];
}
/* Driver Code */
peekLast() {
if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');
// Initialize double-ended queue
const last = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize - 1);
return this.#nums[last];
}
/* Return array for printing */
toArray() {
// Elements enqueue
const res = [];
for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.#queSize; i++, j++) {
res[i] = this.#nums[this.index(j)];
}
return res;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
const capacity = 5;
const deque = new ArrayDeque(capacity);
deque.pushLast(3);
deque.pushLast(2);
deque.pushLast(5);
console.log('Deque deque = [' + deque.toArray() + ']');
/* Update element */
const peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
console.log('Front element peekFirst = ' + peekFirst);
const peekLast = deque.peekLast();
console.log('Rear element peekLast = ' + peekLast);
/* Elements enqueue */
deque.pushLast(4);
console.log('After element 4 enqueues at rear, deque = [' + deque.toArray() + ']');
deque.pushFirst(1);
console.log('After element 1 enqueues at front, deque = [' + deque.toArray() + ']');
/* Element dequeue */
const popLast = deque.popLast();
console.log(
'Rear dequeue element = ' +
popLast +
', after rear dequeue deque = [' +
deque.toArray() +
']'
);
const popFirst = deque.popFirst();
console.log(
'Front dequeue element = ' +
popFirst +
', after front dequeue deque = [' +
deque.toArray() +
']'
);
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
const size = deque.size();
console.log('Double-ended queue length size = ' + size);
/* Check if the double-ended queue is empty */
const isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
console.log('Double-ended queue is empty = ' + isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
/**
* File: array_queue.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-13
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
*/
/* Queue based on circular array implementation */
class ArrayQueue {
#nums; // Array for storing queue elements
#front = 0; // Front pointer, points to the front of the queue element
#queSize = 0; // Queue length
constructor(capacity) {
this.#nums = new Array(capacity);
}
/* Get the capacity of the queue */
get capacity() {
return this.#nums.length;
}
/* Get the length of the queue */
get size() {
return this.#queSize;
}
/* Check if the queue is empty */
isEmpty() {
return this.#queSize === 0;
}
/* Enqueue */
push(num) {
if (this.size === this.capacity) {
console.log('Queue is full');
return;
}
// Use modulo operation to wrap rear around to the head after passing the tail of the array
// Add num to the rear of the queue
const rear = (this.#front + this.size) % this.capacity;
// Front pointer moves one position backward
this.#nums[rear] = num;
this.#queSize++;
}
/* Dequeue */
pop() {
const num = this.peek();
// Move front pointer backward by one position, if it passes the tail, return to array head
this.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;
this.#queSize--;
return num;
}
/* Return list for printing */
peek() {
if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('Queue is empty');
return this.#nums[this.#front];
}
/* Return Array */
toArray() {
// Elements enqueue
const arr = new Array(this.size);
for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.size; i++, j++) {
arr[i] = this.#nums[j % this.capacity];
}
return arr;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
/* Access front of the queue element */
const capacity = 10;
const queue = new ArrayQueue(capacity);
/* Elements enqueue */
queue.push(1);
queue.push(3);
queue.push(2);
queue.push(5);
queue.push(4);
console.log('Queue queue =', queue.toArray());
/* Return list for printing */
const peek = queue.peek();
console.log('Front element peek = ' + peek);
/* Element dequeue */
const pop = queue.pop();
console.log('Dequeue element pop = ' + pop + ', after dequeue queue =', queue.toArray());
/* Get the length of the queue */
const size = queue.size;
console.log('Queue length size = ' + size);
/* Check if the queue is empty */
const isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
console.log('Queue is empty = ' + isEmpty);
/* Test circular array */
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
queue.push(i);
queue.pop();
console.log('Round ' + i + ' rounds of enqueue + dequeue, queue =', queue.toArray());
}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
/**
* File: array_stack.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-09
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
*/
/* Stack based on array implementation */
class ArrayStack {
#stack;
constructor() {
this.#stack = [];
}
/* Get the length of the stack */
get size() {
return this.#stack.length;
}
/* Check if the stack is empty */
isEmpty() {
return this.#stack.length === 0;
}
/* Push */
push(num) {
this.#stack.push(num);
}
/* Pop */
pop() {
if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('Stack is empty');
return this.#stack.pop();
}
/* Return list for printing */
top() {
if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('Stack is empty');
return this.#stack[this.#stack.length - 1];
}
/* Return Array */
toArray() {
return this.#stack;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
/* Access top of the stack element */
const stack = new ArrayStack();
/* Elements push onto stack */
stack.push(1);
stack.push(3);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(5);
stack.push(4);
console.log('Stack stack = ');
console.log(stack.toArray());
/* Return list for printing */
const top = stack.top();
console.log('Stack top element top = ' + top);
/* Element pop from stack */
const pop = stack.pop();
console.log('Pop element pop = ' + pop + ', after pop, stack = ');
console.log(stack.toArray());
/* Get the length of the stack */
const size = stack.size;
console.log('Stack length size = ' + size);
/* Check if empty */
const isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
console.log('Stack is empty = ' + isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
/**
* File: deque.js
* Created Time: 2023-01-17
* Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
*/
/* Driver Code */
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
// JavaScript has no built-in deque, can only use Array as deque
const deque = [];
/* Elements enqueue */
deque.push(2);
deque.push(5);
deque.push(4);
// Note: due to array, unshift() method has O(n) time complexity
deque.unshift(3);
deque.unshift(1);
console.log('Double-ended queue deque = ', deque);
/* Update element */
const peekFirst = deque[0];
console.log('Front element peekFirst = ' + peekFirst);
const peekLast = deque[deque.length - 1];
console.log('Rear element peekLast = ' + peekLast);
/* Element dequeue */
// Note: due to array, shift() method has O(n) time complexity
const popFront = deque.shift();
console.log(
'Front dequeue element popFront = ' + popFront + ', after front dequeue, deque = ' + deque
);
const popBack = deque.pop();
console.log(
'Dequeue rear element popBack = ' + popBack + ', after rear dequeue, deque = ' + deque
);
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
const size = deque.length;
console.log('Double-ended queue length size = ' + size);
/* Check if the double-ended queue is empty */
const isEmpty = size === 0;
console.log('Double-ended queue is empty = ' + isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
/**
* File: linkedlist_deque.js
* Created Time: 2023-02-04
* Author: Zhuo Qinyue (1403450829@qq.com)
*/
/* Doubly linked list node */
class ListNode {
prev; // Predecessor node reference (pointer)
next; // Successor node reference (pointer)
val; // Node value
constructor(val) {
this.val = val;
this.next = null;
this.prev = null;
}
}
/* Double-ended queue based on doubly linked list implementation */
class LinkedListDeque {
#front; // Head node front
#rear; // Tail node rear
#queSize; // Length of the double-ended queue
constructor() {
this.#front = null;
this.#rear = null;
this.#queSize = 0;
}
/* Rear of the queue enqueue operation */
pushLast(val) {
const node = new ListNode(val);
// If the linked list is empty, make both front and rear point to node
if (this.#queSize === 0) {
this.#front = node;
this.#rear = node;
} else {
// Add node to the tail of the linked list
this.#rear.next = node;
node.prev = this.#rear;
this.#rear = node; // Update tail node
}
this.#queSize++;
}
/* Front of the queue enqueue operation */
pushFirst(val) {
const node = new ListNode(val);
// If the linked list is empty, make both front and rear point to node
if (this.#queSize === 0) {
this.#front = node;
this.#rear = node;
} else {
// Add node to the head of the linked list
this.#front.prev = node;
node.next = this.#front;
this.#front = node; // Update head node
}
this.#queSize++;
}
/* Temporarily store tail node value */
popLast() {
if (this.#queSize === 0) {
return null;
}
const value = this.#rear.val; // Store tail node value
// Update tail node
let temp = this.#rear.prev;
if (temp !== null) {
temp.next = null;
this.#rear.prev = null;
}
this.#rear = temp; // Update tail node
this.#queSize--;
return value;
}
/* Temporarily store head node value */
popFirst() {
if (this.#queSize === 0) {
return null;
}
const value = this.#front.val; // Store tail node value
// Delete head node
let temp = this.#front.next;
if (temp !== null) {
temp.prev = null;
this.#front.next = null;
}
this.#front = temp; // Update head node
this.#queSize--;
return value;
}
/* Driver Code */
peekLast() {
return this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#rear.val;
}
/* Return list for printing */
peekFirst() {
return this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#front.val;
}
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
size() {
return this.#queSize;
}
/* Check if the double-ended queue is empty */
isEmpty() {
return this.#queSize === 0;
}
/* Print deque */
print() {
const arr = [];
let temp = this.#front;
while (temp !== null) {
arr.push(temp.val);
temp = temp.next;
}
console.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');
}
}
/* Driver Code */
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
const linkedListDeque = new LinkedListDeque();
linkedListDeque.pushLast(3);
linkedListDeque.pushLast(2);
linkedListDeque.pushLast(5);
console.log('Deque linkedListDeque = ');
linkedListDeque.print();
/* Update element */
const peekFirst = linkedListDeque.peekFirst();
console.log('Front element peekFirst = ' + peekFirst);
const peekLast = linkedListDeque.peekLast();
console.log('Rear element peekLast = ' + peekLast);
/* Elements enqueue */
linkedListDeque.pushLast(4);
console.log('After element 4 enqueues at rear, linkedListDeque = ');
linkedListDeque.print();
linkedListDeque.pushFirst(1);
console.log('After element 1 enqueues at front, linkedListDeque = ');
linkedListDeque.print();
/* Element dequeue */
const popLast = linkedListDeque.popLast();
console.log('Rear dequeue element = ' + popLast + ', after rear dequeue linkedListDeque = ');
linkedListDeque.print();
const popFirst = linkedListDeque.popFirst();
console.log('Front dequeue element = ' + popFirst + ', after front dequeue linkedListDeque = ');
linkedListDeque.print();
/* Get the length of the double-ended queue */
const size = linkedListDeque.size();
console.log('Double-ended queue length size = ' + size);
/* Check if the double-ended queue is empty */
const isEmpty = linkedListDeque.isEmpty();
console.log('Double-ended queue is empty = ' + isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
/**
* File: linkedlist_queue.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-20
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
*/
const { ListNode } = require('../modules/ListNode');
/* Queue based on linked list implementation */
class LinkedListQueue {
#front; // Front node #front
#rear; // Rear node #rear
#queSize = 0;
constructor() {
this.#front = null;
this.#rear = null;
}
/* Get the length of the queue */
get size() {
return this.#queSize;
}
/* Check if the queue is empty */
isEmpty() {
return this.size === 0;
}
/* Enqueue */
push(num) {
// Add num after the tail node
const node = new ListNode(num);
// If the queue is empty, make both front and rear point to the node
if (!this.#front) {
this.#front = node;
this.#rear = node;
// If the queue is not empty, add the node after the tail node
} else {
this.#rear.next = node;
this.#rear = node;
}
this.#queSize++;
}
/* Dequeue */
pop() {
const num = this.peek();
// Delete head node
this.#front = this.#front.next;
this.#queSize--;
return num;
}
/* Return list for printing */
peek() {
if (this.size === 0) throw new Error('Queue is empty');
return this.#front.val;
}
/* Convert linked list to Array and return */
toArray() {
let node = this.#front;
const res = new Array(this.size);
for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
res[i] = node.val;
node = node.next;
}
return res;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
/* Access front of the queue element */
const queue = new LinkedListQueue();
/* Elements enqueue */
queue.push(1);
queue.push(3);
queue.push(2);
queue.push(5);
queue.push(4);
console.log('Queue queue = ' + queue.toArray());
/* Return list for printing */
const peek = queue.peek();
console.log('Front element peek = ' + peek);
/* Element dequeue */
const pop = queue.pop();
console.log('Dequeue element pop = ' + pop + ', after dequeue, queue = ' + queue.toArray());
/* Get the length of the queue */
const size = queue.size;
console.log('Queue length size = ' + size);
/* Check if the queue is empty */
const isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
console.log('Queue is empty = ' + isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
/**
* File: linkedlist_stack.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-22
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
*/
const { ListNode } = require('../modules/ListNode');
/* Stack based on linked list implementation */
class LinkedListStack {
#stackPeek; // Use head node as stack top
#stkSize = 0; // Stack length
constructor() {
this.#stackPeek = null;
}
/* Get the length of the stack */
get size() {
return this.#stkSize;
}
/* Check if the stack is empty */
isEmpty() {
return this.size === 0;
}
/* Push */
push(num) {
const node = new ListNode(num);
node.next = this.#stackPeek;
this.#stackPeek = node;
this.#stkSize++;
}
/* Pop */
pop() {
const num = this.peek();
this.#stackPeek = this.#stackPeek.next;
this.#stkSize--;
return num;
}
/* Return list for printing */
peek() {
if (!this.#stackPeek) throw new Error('Stack is empty');
return this.#stackPeek.val;
}
/* Convert linked list to Array and return */
toArray() {
let node = this.#stackPeek;
const res = new Array(this.size);
for (let i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
res[i] = node.val;
node = node.next;
}
return res;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
/* Access top of the stack element */
const stack = new LinkedListStack();
/* Elements push onto stack */
stack.push(1);
stack.push(3);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(5);
stack.push(4);
console.log('Stack stack = ' + stack.toArray());
/* Return list for printing */
const peek = stack.peek();
console.log('Stack top element peek = ' + peek);
/* Element pop from stack */
const pop = stack.pop();
console.log('Pop element pop = ' + pop + ', after pop, stack = ' + stack.toArray());
/* Get the length of the stack */
const size = stack.size;
console.log('Stack length size = ' + size);
/* Check if empty */
const isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
console.log('Stack is empty = ' + isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
/**
* File: queue.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-05
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
*/
/* Driver Code */
/* Access front of the queue element */
// JavaScript has no built-in queue, can use Array as queue
const queue = [];
/* Elements enqueue */
queue.push(1);
queue.push(3);
queue.push(2);
queue.push(5);
queue.push(4);
console.log('Queue queue =', queue);
/* Return list for printing */
const peek = queue[0];
console.log('Front element peek =', peek);
/* Element dequeue */
// Underlying is array, so shift() method has O(n) time complexity
const pop = queue.shift();
console.log('Dequeue element pop =', pop, ', after dequeue, queue = ', queue);
/* Get the length of the queue */
const size = queue.length;
console.log('Queue length size =', size);
/* Check if the queue is empty */
const isEmpty = queue.length === 0;
console.log('Queue is empty = ', isEmpty);

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
/**
* File: stack.js
* Created Time: 2022-12-04
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
*/
/* Driver Code */
/* Access top of the stack element */
// JavaScript has no built-in stack class, can use Array as stack
const stack = [];
/* Elements push onto stack */
stack.push(1);
stack.push(3);
stack.push(2);
stack.push(5);
stack.push(4);
console.log('Stack stack =', stack);
/* Return list for printing */
const peek = stack[stack.length - 1];
console.log('Stack top element peek =', peek);
/* Element pop from stack */
const pop = stack.pop();
console.log('Pop element pop =', pop);
console.log('After pop, stack =', stack);
/* Get the length of the stack */
const size = stack.length;
console.log('Stack length size =', size);
/* Check if empty */
const isEmpty = stack.length === 0;
console.log('Is stack empty =', isEmpty);