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Add the chapter of greedy. (#633)
Add the section of fractional knapsack.
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55
codes/java/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.java
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55
codes/java/chapter_greedy/coin_change_greedy.java
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/**
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* File: coin_change_greedy.java
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* Created Time: 2023-07-20
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_greedy;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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public class coin_change_greedy {
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/* 零钱兑换:贪心 */
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static int coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {
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// 假设 coins 列表有序
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int i = coins.length - 1;
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int count = 0;
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// 循环进行贪心选择,直到无剩余金额
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while (amt > 0) {
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// 找到小于且最接近剩余金额的硬币
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while (coins[i] > amt) {
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i--;
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}
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// 选择 coins[i]
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amt -= coins[i];
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count++;
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}
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// 若未找到可行方案,则返回 -1
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return amt == 0 ? count : -1;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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// 贪心:能够保证找到全局最优解
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int[] coins = { 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 };
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int amt = 186;
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int res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt);
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System.out.println("\ncoins = " + Arrays.toString(coins) + ", amt = " + amt);
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System.out.println("凑到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬币数量为 " + res);
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// 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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coins = new int[] { 1, 20, 50 };
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amt = 60;
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res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt);
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System.out.println("\ncoins = " + Arrays.toString(coins) + ", amt = " + amt);
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System.out.println("凑到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬币数量为 " + res);
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System.out.println("实际上需要的最少数量为 3 ,即 20 + 20 + 20");
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// 贪心:无法保证找到全局最优解
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coins = new int[] { 1, 49, 50 };
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amt = 98;
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res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt);
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System.out.println("\ncoins = " + Arrays.toString(coins) + ", amt = " + amt);
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System.out.println("凑到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬币数量为 " + res);
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System.out.println("实际上需要的最少数量为 2 ,即 49 + 49");
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}
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}
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59
codes/java/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.java
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codes/java/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack.java
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/**
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* File: fractional_knapsack.java
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* Created Time: 2023-07-20
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_greedy;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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import java.util.Comparator;
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/* 物品 */
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class Item {
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int w; // 物品重量
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int v; // 物品价值
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public Item(int w, int v) {
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this.w = w;
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this.v = v;
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}
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}
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public class fractional_knapsack {
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/* 分数背包:贪心 */
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static double fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {
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// 创建物品列表,包含两个属性:重量、价值
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Item[] items = new Item[wgt.length];
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for (int i = 0; i < wgt.length; i++) {
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items[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);
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}
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// 按照单位价值 item.v / item.w 从高到低进行排序
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Arrays.sort(items, Comparator.comparingDouble(item -> -((double) item.v / item.w)));
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// 循环贪心选择
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double res = 0;
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for (Item item : items) {
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if (item.w <= cap) {
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// 若剩余容量充足,则将当前物品整个装进背包
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res += item.v;
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cap -= item.w;
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} else {
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// 若剩余容量不足,则将当前物品的一部分装进背包
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res += (double) item.v / item.w * cap;
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// 已无剩余容量,因此跳出循环
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break;
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}
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}
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return res;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] wgt = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
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int[] val = { 50, 120, 150, 210, 240 };
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int cap = 50;
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// 贪心算法
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double res = fractionalKnapsack(wgt, val, cap);
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System.out.println("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 " + res);
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}
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}
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