diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.c b/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.c
index 26210407e..8f5e72f0e 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.c
@@ -82,5 +82,7 @@ int main() {
     int index = find(n0, 2);
     printf("链表中值为 2 的节点的索引 = %d\r\n", index);
 
+    // 释放内存
+    freeMemoryLinkedList(n0);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.c b/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.c
index f0ebdf514..9ee55968f 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void insert(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {
 
 /* 删除元素 */
 // 注意：stdio.h 占用了 remove 关键词
-int removeNum(MyList *nums, int index) {
+int removeItem(MyList *nums, int index) {
     assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));
     int num = nums->arr[index];
     for (int i = index; i < size(nums) - 1; i++) {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ int main() {
     printArray(toArray(nums), size(nums));
 
     /* 删除元素 */
-    removeNum(nums, 3);
+    removeItem(nums, 3);
     printf("删除索引 3 处的元素，得到 nums = ");
     printArray(toArray(nums), size(nums));
 
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.c b/codes/c/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.c
index ae03e4c0b..fc6ef05e2 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.c
@@ -56,5 +56,6 @@ int main() {
     printf("构建的二叉树为：\n");
     printTree(root);
 
+    freeMemoryTree(root);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.c b/codes/c/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.c
index a69bb797b..7d621d960 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.c
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ GraphAdjMat *newGraphAdjMat() {
     return graph;
 }
 
+/* 析构函数 */
+void delGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {
+    free(graph);
+}
+
 /* 添加顶点 */
 void addVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int val) {
     if (graph->size == MAX_SIZE) {
@@ -139,7 +144,7 @@ int main() {
     printGraphAdjMat(graph);
 
     // 释放内存
-    free(graph);
+    delGraphAdjMat(graph);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.c b/codes/c/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.c
index 489dd8b8b..cb2d8a905 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "../utils/common.h"
 
 /* 哈希表默认大小 */
-#define HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE 100
+#define HASHTABLE_CAPACITY 100
 
 /* 键值对 int->string */
 typedef struct {
@@ -23,131 +23,133 @@ typedef struct {
 
 /* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
 typedef struct {
-    Pair *buckets[HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE];
+    Pair *buckets[HASHTABLE_CAPACITY];
 } ArrayHashMap;
 
-/* 哈希表初始化函数 */
+/* 构造函数 */
 ArrayHashMap *newArrayHashMap() {
-    ArrayHashMap *map = malloc(sizeof(ArrayHashMap));
-    return map;
+    ArrayHashMap *hmap = malloc(sizeof(ArrayHashMap));
+    return hmap;
+}
+
+/* 析构函数 */
+void delArrayHashMap(ArrayHashMap *hmap) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+            free(hmap->buckets[i]->val);
+            free(hmap->buckets[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    free(hmap);
 }
 
 /* 哈希函数 */
 int hashFunc(int key) {
-    int index = key % HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE;
+    int index = key % HASHTABLE_CAPACITY;
     return index;
 }
 
 /* 查询操作 */
-const char *get(const ArrayHashMap *d, const int key) {
+const char *get(const ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key) {
     int index = hashFunc(key);
-    const Pair *Pair = d->buckets[index];
+    const Pair *Pair = hmap->buckets[index];
     if (Pair == NULL)
         return NULL;
     return Pair->val;
 }
 
 /* 添加操作 */
-void put(ArrayHashMap *d, const int key, const char *val) {
+void put(ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key, const char *val) {
     Pair *Pair = malloc(sizeof(Pair));
     Pair->key = key;
     Pair->val = malloc(strlen(val) + 1);
     strcpy(Pair->val, val);
 
     int index = hashFunc(key);
-    d->buckets[index] = Pair;
+    hmap->buckets[index] = Pair;
 }
 
 /* 删除操作 */
-void removeItem(ArrayHashMap *d, const int key) {
+void removeItem(ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key) {
     int index = hashFunc(key);
-    free(d->buckets[index]->val);
-    free(d->buckets[index]);
-    d->buckets[index] = NULL;
+    free(hmap->buckets[index]->val);
+    free(hmap->buckets[index]);
+    hmap->buckets[index] = NULL;
 }
 
 /* 获取所有键值对 */
-void pairSet(ArrayHashMap *d, MapSet *set) {
+void pairSet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {
     Pair *entries;
     int i = 0, index = 0;
     int total = 0;
-
     /* 统计有效键值对数量 */
-    for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
             total++;
         }
     }
-
     entries = malloc(sizeof(Pair) * total);
-    for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
-            entries[index].key = d->buckets[i]->key;
-            entries[index].val = malloc(strlen(d->buckets[i]->val + 1));
-            strcpy(entries[index].val, d->buckets[i]->val);
+    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+            entries[index].key = hmap->buckets[i]->key;
+            entries[index].val = malloc(strlen(hmap->buckets[i]->val + 1));
+            strcpy(entries[index].val, hmap->buckets[i]->val);
             index++;
         }
     }
-
     set->set = entries;
     set->len = total;
 }
 
 /* 获取所有键 */
-void keySet(ArrayHashMap *d, MapSet *set) {
+void keySet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {
     int *keys;
     int i = 0, index = 0;
     int total = 0;
-
     /* 统计有效键值对数量 */
-    for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
             total++;
         }
     }
-
     keys = malloc(total * sizeof(int));
-    for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
-            keys[index] = d->buckets[i]->key;
+    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+            keys[index] = hmap->buckets[i]->key;
             index++;
         }
     }
-
     set->set = keys;
     set->len = total;
 }
 
 /* 获取所有值 */
-void valueSet(ArrayHashMap *d, MapSet *set) {
+void valueSet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {
     char **vals;
     int i = 0, index = 0;
     int total = 0;
-
     /* 统计有效键值对数量 */
-    for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
             total++;
         }
     }
-
     vals = malloc(total * sizeof(char *));
-    for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
-        if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
-            vals[index] = d->buckets[i]->val;
+    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {
+        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {
+            vals[index] = hmap->buckets[i]->val;
             index++;
         }
     }
-
     set->set = vals;
     set->len = total;
 }
 
 /* 打印哈希表 */
-void print(ArrayHashMap *d) {
+void print(ArrayHashMap *hmap) {
     int i;
     MapSet set;
-    pairSet(d, &set);
+    pairSet(hmap, &set);
     Pair *entries = (Pair *)set.set;
     for (i = 0; i < set.len; i++) {
         printf("%d -> %s\n", entries[i].key, entries[i].val);
@@ -158,38 +160,38 @@ void print(ArrayHashMap *d) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化哈希表 */
-    ArrayHashMap *map = newArrayHashMap();
+    ArrayHashMap *hmap = newArrayHashMap();
 
     /* 添加操作 */
     // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
-    put(map, 12836, "小哈");
-    put(map, 15937, "小啰");
-    put(map, 16750, "小算");
-    put(map, 13276, "小法");
-    put(map, 10583, "小鸭");
+    put(hmap, 12836, "小哈");
+    put(hmap, 15937, "小啰");
+    put(hmap, 16750, "小算");
+    put(hmap, 13276, "小法");
+    put(hmap, 10583, "小鸭");
     printf("\n添加完成后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value\n");
-    print(map);
+    print(hmap);
 
     /* 查询操作 */
     // 向哈希表输入键 key ，得到值 value
-    const char *name = get(map, 15937);
+    const char *name = get(hmap, 15937);
     printf("\n输入学号 15937 ，查询到姓名 %s\n", name);
 
     /* 删除操作 */
     // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
-    removeItem(map, 10583);
+    removeItem(hmap, 10583);
     printf("\n删除 10583 后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value\n");
-    print(map);
+    print(hmap);
 
     /* 遍历哈希表 */
     int i;
 
     printf("\n遍历键值对 Key->Value\n");
-    print(map);
+    print(hmap);
 
     MapSet set;
 
-    keySet(map, &set);
+    keySet(hmap, &set);
     int *keys = (int *)set.set;
     printf("\n单独遍历键 Key\n");
     for (i = 0; i < set.len; i++) {
@@ -197,7 +199,7 @@ int main() {
     }
     free(set.set);
 
-    valueSet(map, &set);
+    valueSet(hmap, &set);
     char **vals = (char **)set.set;
     printf("\n单独遍历键 Value\n");
     for (i = 0; i < set.len; i++) {
@@ -205,5 +207,6 @@ int main() {
     }
     free(set.set);
 
+    delArrayHashMap(hmap);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.c b/codes/c/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.c
index 659f080be..c04b47614 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } HashMapChaining;
 
 /* 构造函数 */
-HashMapChaining *initHashMapChaining() {
+HashMapChaining *newHashMapChaining() {
     HashMapChaining *hashMap = (HashMapChaining *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapChaining));
     hashMap->size = 0;
     hashMap->capacity = 4;
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ HashMapChaining *initHashMapChaining() {
 }
 
 /* 析构函数 */
-void freeHashMapChaining(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
+void delHashMapChaining(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
     for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {
         Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];
         while (cur) {
-            Node *temp = cur;
+            Node *tmp = cur;
             cur = cur->next;
-            free(temp->pair);
-            free(temp);
+            free(tmp->pair);
+            free(tmp);
         }
     }
     free(hashMap->buckets);
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void put(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key, const char *val) {
 }
 
 /* 删除操作 */
-void removeKey(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
+void removeItem(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
     int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);
     Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];
     Node *pre = NULL;
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ void print(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化哈希表 */
-    HashMapChaining *hashMap = initHashMapChaining();
+    HashMapChaining *hashMap = newHashMapChaining();
 
     /* 添加操作 */
     // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
@@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ int main() {
 
     /* 删除操作 */
     // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
-    removeKey(hashMap, 12836);
+    removeItem(hashMap, 12836);
     printf("\n删除学号 12836 后，哈希表为\nKey -> Value\n");
     print(hashMap);
 
     /* 释放哈希表空间 */
-    freeHashMapChaining(hashMap);
+    delHashMapChaining(hashMap);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c b/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c
index 076a99749..342df0944 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c
@@ -17,111 +17,111 @@ typedef struct {
 } MaxHeap;
 
 // 函数声明
-void siftDown(MaxHeap *h, int i);
-void siftUp(MaxHeap *h, int i);
-int parent(MaxHeap *h, int i);
+void siftDown(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i);
+void siftUp(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i);
+int parent(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i);
 
 /* 构造函数，根据切片建堆 */
 MaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {
     // 所有元素入堆
-    MaxHeap *h = (MaxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(MaxHeap));
-    h->size = size;
-    memcpy(h->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));
-    for (int i = parent(h, size - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
+    MaxHeap *maxHeap = (MaxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(MaxHeap));
+    maxHeap->size = size;
+    memcpy(maxHeap->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));
+    for (int i = parent(maxHeap, size - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
         // 堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
-        siftDown(h, i);
+        siftDown(maxHeap, i);
     }
-    return h;
+    return maxHeap;
 }
 
 /* 析构函数 */
-void freeMaxHeap(MaxHeap *h) {
+void delMaxHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
     // 释放内存
-    free(h);
+    free(maxHeap);
 }
 
 /* 获取左子节点索引 */
-int left(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
+int left(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
     return 2 * i + 1;
 }
 
 /* 获取右子节点索引 */
-int right(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
+int right(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
     return 2 * i + 2;
 }
 
 /* 获取父节点索引 */
-int parent(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
+int parent(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
     return (i - 1) / 2;
 }
 
 /* 交换元素 */
-void swap(MaxHeap *h, int i, int j) {
-    int temp = h->data[i];
-    h->data[i] = h->data[j];
-    h->data[j] = temp;
+void swap(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i, int j) {
+    int temp = maxHeap->data[i];
+    maxHeap->data[i] = maxHeap->data[j];
+    maxHeap->data[j] = temp;
 }
 
 /* 获取堆大小 */
-int size(MaxHeap *h) {
-    return h->size;
+int size(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
+    return maxHeap->size;
 }
 
 /* 判断堆是否为空 */
-int isEmpty(MaxHeap *h) {
-    return h->size == 0;
+int isEmpty(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
+    return maxHeap->size == 0;
 }
 
 /* 访问堆顶元素 */
-int peek(MaxHeap *h) {
-    return h->data[0];
+int peek(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
+    return maxHeap->data[0];
 }
 
 /* 元素入堆 */
-void push(MaxHeap *h, int val) {
+void push(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int val) {
     // 默认情况下，不应该添加这么多节点
-    if (h->size == MAX_SIZE) {
+    if (maxHeap->size == MAX_SIZE) {
         printf("heap is full!");
         return;
     }
     // 添加节点
-    h->data[h->size] = val;
-    h->size++;
+    maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size] = val;
+    maxHeap->size++;
 
     // 从底至顶堆化
-    siftUp(h, h->size - 1);
+    siftUp(maxHeap, maxHeap->size - 1);
 }
 
 /* 元素出堆 */
-int pop(MaxHeap *h) {
+int pop(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
     // 判空处理
-    if (isEmpty(h)) {
+    if (isEmpty(maxHeap)) {
         printf("heap is empty!");
         return INT_MAX;
     }
     // 交换根节点与最右叶节点（即交换首元素与尾元素）
-    swap(h, 0, size(h) - 1);
+    swap(maxHeap, 0, size(maxHeap) - 1);
     // 删除节点
-    int val = h->data[h->size - 1];
-    h->size--;
+    int val = maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size - 1];
+    maxHeap->size--;
     // 从顶至底堆化
-    siftDown(h, 0);
+    siftDown(maxHeap, 0);
 
     // 返回堆顶元素
     return val;
 }
 
 /* 从节点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */
-void siftDown(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
+void siftDown(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
     while (true) {
         // 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点，记为 max
-        int l = left(h, i);
-        int r = right(h, i);
+        int l = left(maxHeap, i);
+        int r = right(maxHeap, i);
         int max = i;
-        if (l < size(h) && h->data[l] > h->data[max]) {
+        if (l < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[l] > maxHeap->data[max]) {
             max = l;
         }
-        if (r < size(h) && h->data[r] > h->data[max]) {
+        if (r < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[r] > maxHeap->data[max]) {
             max = r;
         }
         // 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界，则无须继续堆化，跳出
@@ -129,23 +129,23 @@ void siftDown(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
             break;
         }
         // 交换两节点
-        swap(h, i, max);
+        swap(maxHeap, i, max);
         // 循环向下堆化
         i = max;
     }
 }
 
 /* 从节点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */
-void siftUp(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
+void siftUp(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {
     while (true) {
         // 获取节点 i 的父节点
-        int p = parent(h, i);
+        int p = parent(maxHeap, i);
         // 当“越过根节点”或“节点无须修复”时，结束堆化
-        if (p < 0 || h->data[i] <= h->data[p]) {
+        if (p < 0 || maxHeap->data[i] <= maxHeap->data[p]) {
             break;
         }
         // 交换两节点
-        swap(h, i, p);
+        swap(maxHeap, i, p);
         // 循环向上堆化
         i = p;
     }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap_test.c b/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap_test.c
index 46676d3d0..902c15fde 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap_test.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap_test.c
@@ -11,31 +11,31 @@ int main() {
     /* 初始化堆 */
     // 初始化大顶堆
     int nums[] = {9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
-    MaxHeap *heap = newMaxHeap(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int));
+    MaxHeap *maxHeap = newMaxHeap(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int));
     printf("输入数组并建堆后\n");
-    printHeap(heap->data, heap->size);
+    printHeap(maxHeap->data, maxHeap->size);
 
     /* 获取堆顶元素 */
-    printf("\n堆顶元素为 %d\n", peek(heap));
+    printf("\n堆顶元素为 %d\n", peek(maxHeap));
 
     /* 元素入堆 */
-    push(heap, 7);
+    push(maxHeap, 7);
     printf("\n元素 7 入堆后\n");
-    printHeap(heap->data, heap->size);
+    printHeap(maxHeap->data, maxHeap->size);
 
     /* 堆顶元素出堆 */
-    int top = pop(heap);
+    int top = pop(maxHeap);
     printf("\n堆顶元素 %d 出堆后\n", top);
-    printHeap(heap->data, heap->size);
+    printHeap(maxHeap->data, maxHeap->size);
 
     /* 获取堆大小 */
-    printf("\n堆元素数量为 %d\n", size(heap));
+    printf("\n堆元素数量为 %d\n", size(maxHeap));
 
     /* 判断堆是否为空 */
-    printf("\n堆是否为空 %d\n", isEmpty(heap));
+    printf("\n堆是否为空 %d\n", isEmpty(maxHeap));
 
     // 释放内存
-    freeMaxHeap(heap);
+    delMaxHeap(maxHeap);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_heap/top_k.c b/codes/c/chapter_heap/top_k.c
index 34bf02bb5..e70495108 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_heap/top_k.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_heap/top_k.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int *topKHeap(int *nums, int sizeNums, int k) {
     }
     int *res = getMinHeap(maxHeap);
     // 释放内存
-    freeMaxHeap(maxHeap);
+    delMaxHeap(maxHeap);
     return res;
 }
 
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.c b/codes/c/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.c
index 46237a348..994f2a913 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.c
@@ -62,5 +62,6 @@ int main() {
         index = binarySearchRightEdge(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]), targets[i]);
         printf("最右一个元素 %d 的索引为 %d\n", targets[i], index);
     }
+
     return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.c b/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.c
index a9e1e9880..38a6cdfe3 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ArrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {
 /* 析构函数 */
 void delArrayDeque(ArrayDeque *deque) {
     free(deque->nums);
-    deque->queCapacity = 0;
+    free(deque);
 }
 
 /* 获取双向队列的容量 */
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.c b/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.c
index fdb35b1a6..f8251e324 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ArrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {
 /* 析构函数 */
 void delArrayQueue(ArrayQueue *queue) {
     free(queue->nums);
-    queue->queCapacity = 0;
+    free(queue);
 }
 
 /* 获取队列的容量 */
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.c b/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.c
index 60295fb20..3c8655883 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.c
@@ -16,50 +16,56 @@ typedef struct {
 
 /* 构造函数 */
 ArrayStack *newArrayStack() {
-    ArrayStack *s = malloc(sizeof(ArrayStack));
+    ArrayStack *stack = malloc(sizeof(ArrayStack));
     // 初始化一个大容量，避免扩容
-    s->data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);
-    s->size = 0;
-    return s;
+    stack->data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);
+    stack->size = 0;
+    return stack;
+}
+
+/* 析构函数 */
+void delArrayStack(ArrayStack *stack) {
+    free(stack->data);
+    free(stack);
 }
 
 /* 获取栈的长度 */
-int size(ArrayStack *s) {
-    return s->size;
+int size(ArrayStack *stack) {
+    return stack->size;
 }
 
 /* 判断栈是否为空 */
-bool isEmpty(ArrayStack *s) {
-    return s->size == 0;
+bool isEmpty(ArrayStack *stack) {
+    return stack->size == 0;
 }
 
 /* 入栈 */
-void push(ArrayStack *s, int num) {
-    if (s->size == MAX_SIZE) {
+void push(ArrayStack *stack, int num) {
+    if (stack->size == MAX_SIZE) {
         printf("stack is full.\n");
         return;
     }
-    s->data[s->size] = num;
-    s->size++;
+    stack->data[stack->size] = num;
+    stack->size++;
 }
 
 /* 访问栈顶元素 */
-int peek(ArrayStack *s) {
-    if (s->size == 0) {
+int peek(ArrayStack *stack) {
+    if (stack->size == 0) {
         printf("stack is empty.\n");
         return INT_MAX;
     }
-    return s->data[s->size - 1];
+    return stack->data[stack->size - 1];
 }
 
 /* 出栈 */
-int pop(ArrayStack *s) {
-    if (s->size == 0) {
+int pop(ArrayStack *stack) {
+    if (stack->size == 0) {
         printf("stack is empty.\n");
         return INT_MAX;
     }
-    int val = peek(s);
-    s->size--;
+    int val = peek(stack);
+    stack->size--;
     return val;
 }
 
@@ -92,11 +98,10 @@ int main() {
 
     /* 判断是否为空 */
     bool empty = isEmpty(stack);
-    printf("栈是否为空 = %s\n", empty ? "true" : "false");
+    printf("栈是否为空 = %stack\n", empty ? "true" : "false");
 
     // 释放内存
-    free(stack->data);
-    free(stack);
+    delArrayStack(stack);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c b/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c
index a05006e06..5a550bfd3 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } ArrayBinaryTree;
 
 /* 构造函数 */
-ArrayBinaryTree *createArrayBinaryTree(int *arr, int arrSize) {
+ArrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(int *arr, int arrSize) {
     ArrayBinaryTree *abt = (ArrayBinaryTree *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayBinaryTree));
     abt->tree = malloc(sizeof(int) * arrSize);
     memcpy(abt->tree, arr, sizeof(int) * arrSize);
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ ArrayBinaryTree *createArrayBinaryTree(int *arr, int arrSize) {
     return abt;
 }
 
+/* 析构函数 */
+void delArrayBinaryTree(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
+    free(abt->tree);
+    free(abt);
+}
+
 /* 节点数量 */
 int size(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
     return abt->size;
@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ int main() {
     printf("二叉树的链表表示：\n");
     printTree(root);
 
-    ArrayBinaryTree *abt = createArrayBinaryTree(arr, arrSize);
+    ArrayBinaryTree *abt = newArrayBinaryTree(arr, arrSize);
 
     // 访问节点
     int i = 1;
@@ -155,8 +161,6 @@ int main() {
     free(res);
 
     // 释放内存
-    freeMemoryTree(root);
-    free(abt);
-
+    delArrayBinaryTree(abt);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_tree/avl_tree.c b/codes/c/chapter_tree/avl_tree.c
index b867941ac..50c3877b0 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_tree/avl_tree.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_tree/avl_tree.c
@@ -6,18 +6,24 @@
 
 #include "../utils/common.h"
 
-/* AVL Tree */
+/* AVL 树结构体 */
 typedef struct {
     TreeNode *root;
 } AVLTree;
 
-/* 构建 AVL 树 */
+/* 构造函数 */
 AVLTree *newAVLTree() {
     AVLTree *tree = (AVLTree *)malloc(sizeof(AVLTree));
     tree->root = NULL;
     return tree;
 }
 
+/* 析构函数 */
+void delAVLTree(AVLTree *tree) {
+    freeMemoryTree(tree->root);
+    free(tree);
+}
+
 /* 获取节点高度 */
 int height(TreeNode *node) {
     // 空节点高度为 -1 ，叶节点高度为 0
@@ -247,5 +253,7 @@ int main() {
     TreeNode *node = search(tree, 7);
     printf("\n查找到的节点对象节点值 = %d \n", node->val);
 
+    // 释放内存
+    delAVLTree(tree);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.c b/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.c
index 4f9881a52..e4e7c1021 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.c
@@ -6,41 +6,25 @@
 
 #include "../utils/common.h"
 
-/* 二叉搜索树 */
+/* 二叉搜索树你结构体 */
 typedef struct {
     TreeNode *root;
 } BinarySearchTree;
 
-/* 比较器：从小到大排序 */
-int sortIntHelper(const void *a, const void *b) {
-    return (*(int *)a - *(int *)b);
-}
-
-/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
-TreeNode *buildTree(int nums[], int i, int j) {
-    if (i > j) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    // 将数组中间节点作为根节点
-    int mid = (i + j) / 2;
-    TreeNode *root = newTreeNode(nums[mid]);
-    // 递归建立左子树和右子树
-    root->left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
-    root->right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
-    return root;
-}
-
-BinarySearchTree *newBinarySearchTree(int nums[], int size) {
+/* 构造函数 */
+BinarySearchTree *newBinarySearchTree() {
+    // 初始化空树
     BinarySearchTree *bst = (BinarySearchTree *)malloc(sizeof(BinarySearchTree));
-    TreeNode *root;
-    // 从小到大排序数组
-    qsort(nums, size, sizeof(int), sortIntHelper);
-    // 构建二叉搜索树
-    root = buildTree(nums, 0, size - 1);
-    bst->root = root;
+    bst->root = NULL;
     return bst;
 }
 
+/* 析构函数 */
+void delBinarySearchTree(BinarySearchTree *bst) {
+    freeMemoryTree(bst->root);
+    free(bst);
+}
+
 /* 获取二叉树根节点 */
 TreeNode *getRoot(BinarySearchTree *bst) {
     return bst->root;
@@ -151,8 +135,11 @@ void removeItem(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
-    int nums[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
-    BinarySearchTree *bst = newBinarySearchTree(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int));
+    int nums[] = {8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15};
+    BinarySearchTree *bst = newBinarySearchTree();
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int); i++) {
+        insert(bst, nums[i]);
+    }
     printf("初始化的二叉树为\n");
     printTree(getRoot(bst));
 
@@ -177,7 +164,6 @@ int main() {
     printTree(getRoot(bst));
 
     // 释放内存
-    free(bst);
-
+    delBinarySearchTree(bst);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree.c b/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree.c
index 1254d4538..58f60546b 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree.c
@@ -38,5 +38,6 @@ int main() {
     printf("删除节点 P 后\n");
     printTree(n1);
 
+    freeMemoryTree(n1);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.c b/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.c
index a972796b2..3e14d7faf 100644
--- a/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.c
+++ b/codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #define MAX_SIZE 100
 
 // 辅助数组，用于存储遍历序列
-int *arr;
+int arr[MAX_SIZE];
 
 /* 前序遍历 */
 void preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ int main() {
 
     /* 前序遍历 */
     // 初始化辅助数组
-    arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);
     size = 0;
     preOrder(root, &size);
     printf("前序遍历的节点打印序列 = ");
@@ -71,5 +70,6 @@ int main() {
     printf("后序遍历的节点打印序列 = ");
     printArray(arr, size);
 
+    freeMemoryTree(root);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/codes/c/utils/list_node.h b/codes/c/utils/list_node.h
index 4bc90098f..a98c6839b 100644
--- a/codes/c/utils/list_node.h
+++ b/codes/c/utils/list_node.h
@@ -49,6 +49,17 @@ ListNode *getListNode(ListNode *head, int val) {
     return head;
 }
 
+/* Free the memory allocated to a linked list */
+void freeMemoryLinkedList(ListNode *cur) {
+    // 释放内存
+    ListNode *pre;
+    while (cur != NULL) {
+        pre = cur;
+        cur = cur->next;
+        free(pre);
+    }
+}
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/codes/c/utils/print_util.h b/codes/c/utils/print_util.h
index 97d995ddd..d2714fa4d 100644
--- a/codes/c/utils/print_util.h
+++ b/codes/c/utils/print_util.h
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ void showTrunks(Trunk *trunk) {
 }
 
 /* Help to print a binary tree, hide more details */
-static void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isLeft) {
+static void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     if (node == NULL) {
         return;
     }
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isLeft) {
     printTreeHelper(node->right, trunk, true);
     if (prev == NULL) {
         trunk->str = "———";
-    } else if (isLeft) {
+    } else if (isRight) {
         trunk->str = "/———";
         prev_str = "   |";
     } else {
diff --git a/codes/cpp/utils/print_utils.hpp b/codes/cpp/utils/print_utils.hpp
index b0e71e719..849eda532 100644
--- a/codes/cpp/utils/print_utils.hpp
+++ b/codes/cpp/utils/print_utils.hpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ void showTrunks(Trunk *p) {
 }
 
 /* Print a binary tree */
-void printTree(TreeNode *root, Trunk *prev, bool isLeft) {
+void printTree(TreeNode *root, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     if (root == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void printTree(TreeNode *root, Trunk *prev, bool isLeft) {
 
     if (!prev) {
         trunk.str = "———";
-    } else if (isLeft) {
+    } else if (isRight) {
         trunk.str = "/———";
         prev_str = "   |";
     } else {
diff --git a/codes/csharp/utils/PrintUtil.cs b/codes/csharp/utils/PrintUtil.cs
index 9ba9e1c52..6ee7f9144 100644
--- a/codes/csharp/utils/PrintUtil.cs
+++ b/codes/csharp/utils/PrintUtil.cs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
     }
 
     /* Print a binary tree */
-    public static void PrintTree(TreeNode? root, Trunk? prev, bool isLeft) {
+    public static void PrintTree(TreeNode? root, Trunk? prev, bool isRight) {
         if (root == null) {
             return;
         }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
 
         if (prev == null) {
             trunk.str = "———";
-        } else if (isLeft) {
+        } else if (isRight) {
             trunk.str = "/———";
             prev_str = "   |";
         } else {
diff --git a/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart b/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart
index c91618030..df3fbfd3c 100644
--- a/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart
+++ b/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void printLinkedList(ListNode? head) {
  * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
  * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
  */
-void printTree(TreeNode? root, [Trunk? prev = null, bool isLeft = false]) {
+void printTree(TreeNode? root, [Trunk? prev = null, bool isRight = false]) {
   if (root == null) {
     return;
   }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void printTree(TreeNode? root, [Trunk? prev = null, bool isLeft = false]) {
 
   if (prev == null) {
     trunk.str = '———';
-  } else if (isLeft) {
+  } else if (isRight) {
     trunk.str = '/———';
     prev_str = '   |';
   } else {
diff --git a/codes/go/pkg/print_utils.go b/codes/go/pkg/print_utils.go
index 688d1ef02..6851393b8 100644
--- a/codes/go/pkg/print_utils.go
+++ b/codes/go/pkg/print_utils.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func PrintTree(root *TreeNode) {
 // printTreeHelper Help to print a binary tree, hide more details
 // This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
 // https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
-func printTreeHelper(root *TreeNode, prev *trunk, isLeft bool) {
+func printTreeHelper(root *TreeNode, prev *trunk, isRight bool) {
 	if root == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func printTreeHelper(root *TreeNode, prev *trunk, isLeft bool) {
 	printTreeHelper(root.Right, trunk, true)
 	if prev == nil {
 		trunk.str = "———"
-	} else if isLeft {
+	} else if isRight {
 		trunk.str = "/———"
 		prevStr = "   |"
 	} else {
diff --git a/codes/java/utils/PrintUtil.java b/codes/java/utils/PrintUtil.java
index a9cd69a89..20b1ae2b6 100755
--- a/codes/java/utils/PrintUtil.java
+++ b/codes/java/utils/PrintUtil.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class PrintUtil {
     }
 
     /* Print a binary tree */
-    public static void printTree(TreeNode root, Trunk prev, boolean isLeft) {
+    public static void printTree(TreeNode root, Trunk prev, boolean isRight) {
         if (root == null) {
             return;
         }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class PrintUtil {
 
         if (prev == null) {
             trunk.str = "———";
-        } else if (isLeft) {
+        } else if (isRight) {
             trunk.str = "/———";
             prev_str = "   |";
         } else {
diff --git a/codes/javascript/modules/PrintUtil.js b/codes/javascript/modules/PrintUtil.js
index 4fb89f350..4d5de3678 100644
--- a/codes/javascript/modules/PrintUtil.js
+++ b/codes/javascript/modules/PrintUtil.js
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ function printTree(root) {
  * Print a binary tree
  * @param root
  * @param prev
- * @param isLeft
+ * @param isRight
  */
-function printTree(root, prev, isLeft) {
+function printTree(root, prev, isRight) {
     if (root === null) {
         return;
     }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function printTree(root, prev, isLeft) {
 
     if (!prev) {
         trunk.str = '———';
-    } else if (isLeft) {
+    } else if (isRight) {
         trunk.str = '/———';
         prev_str = '   |';
     } else {
diff --git a/codes/python/modules/print_util.py b/codes/python/modules/print_util.py
index 71bd949cc..b210db3c6 100644
--- a/codes/python/modules/print_util.py
+++ b/codes/python/modules/print_util.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def show_trunks(p: Trunk | None):
     print(p.str, end="")
 
 
-def print_tree(root: TreeNode | None, prev: Trunk | None = None, is_left: bool = False):
+def print_tree(root: TreeNode | None, prev: Trunk | None = None, is_right: bool = False):
     """
     Print a binary tree
     This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def print_tree(root: TreeNode | None, prev: Trunk | None = None, is_left: bool =
 
     if prev is None:
         trunk.str = "———"
-    elif is_left:
+    elif is_right:
         trunk.str = "/———"
         prev_str = "   |"
     else:
diff --git a/codes/rust/include/print_util.rs b/codes/rust/include/print_util.rs
index 01224ef43..9dae6697b 100644
--- a/codes/rust/include/print_util.rs
+++ b/codes/rust/include/print_util.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn print_tree(root: &Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {
     _print_tree(Some(root), None, false);
 }
 
-fn _print_tree(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, prev: Option<&Trunk>, is_left: bool) {
+fn _print_tree(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, prev: Option<&Trunk>, is_right: bool) {
     if let Some(node) = root {
         let mut prev_str = "    ";
         let trunk = Trunk { prev, str: Cell::new(prev_str) };
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ fn _print_tree(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, prev: Option<&Trunk>, is_le
 
         if  prev.is_none() {
             trunk.str.set("———");
-        } else if is_left {
+        } else if is_right {
             trunk.str.set("/———");
             prev_str = "   |";
         } else {
diff --git a/codes/swift/utils/PrintUtil.swift b/codes/swift/utils/PrintUtil.swift
index d9a60b967..217b31a0e 100644
--- a/codes/swift/utils/PrintUtil.swift
+++ b/codes/swift/utils/PrintUtil.swift
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ public enum PrintUtil {
     }
 
     public static func printTree(root: TreeNode?) {
-        printTree(root: root, prev: nil, isLeft: false)
+        printTree(root: root, prev: nil, isRight: false)
     }
 
-    private static func printTree(root: TreeNode?, prev: Trunk?, isLeft: Bool) {
+    private static func printTree(root: TreeNode?, prev: Trunk?, isRight: Bool) {
         if root == nil {
             return
         }
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ public enum PrintUtil {
         var prevStr = "    "
         let trunk = Trunk(prev: prev, str: prevStr)
 
-        printTree(root: root?.right, prev: trunk, isLeft: true)
+        printTree(root: root?.right, prev: trunk, isRight: true)
 
         if prev == nil {
             trunk.str = "———"
-        } else if isLeft {
+        } else if isRight {
             trunk.str = "/———"
             prevStr = "   |"
         } else {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public enum PrintUtil {
         }
         trunk.str = "   |"
 
-        printTree(root: root?.left, prev: trunk, isLeft: false)
+        printTree(root: root?.left, prev: trunk, isRight: false)
     }
 
     private static func showTrunks(p: Trunk?) {
diff --git a/codes/typescript/modules/PrintUtil.ts b/codes/typescript/modules/PrintUtil.ts
index 5e23d1e37..d4b2ed36f 100644
--- a/codes/typescript/modules/PrintUtil.ts
+++ b/codes/typescript/modules/PrintUtil.ts
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ function printTree(root: TreeNode | null) {
  * Print a binary tree
  * @param root
  * @param prev
- * @param isLeft
+ * @param isRight
  */
 function printTreeHelper(
     root: TreeNode | null,
     prev: Trunk | null,
-    isLeft: boolean
+    isRight: boolean
 ) {
     if (root === null) {
         return;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function printTreeHelper(
 
     if (prev === null) {
         trunk.str = '———';
-    } else if (isLeft) {
+    } else if (isRight) {
         trunk.str = '/———';
         prev_str = '   |';
     } else {
diff --git a/codes/zig/include/PrintUtil.zig b/codes/zig/include/PrintUtil.zig
index 4baabec56..f0e0c6913 100644
--- a/codes/zig/include/PrintUtil.zig
+++ b/codes/zig/include/PrintUtil.zig
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn showTrunks(p: ?*Trunk) void {
 
 // The interface of the tree printer
 // Print a binary tree
-pub fn printTree(root: ?*TreeNode(i32), prev: ?*Trunk, isLeft: bool) !void {
+pub fn printTree(root: ?*TreeNode(i32), prev: ?*Trunk, isRight: bool) !void {
     if (root == null) {
         return;
     }
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn printTree(root: ?*TreeNode(i32), prev: ?*Trunk, isLeft: bool) !void {
    
     if (prev == null) {
         trunk.str = "———";
-    } else if (isLeft) {
+    } else if (isRight) {
         trunk.str = "/———";
         prev_str = "   |";
     } else {