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krahets
2025-07-10 07:14:51 +08:00
parent ea4ae128df
commit 4045471c84
349 changed files with 15161 additions and 15092 deletions

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@@ -62,17 +62,15 @@
<link href="../../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
@@ -3666,7 +3664,7 @@
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_14" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_1_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_i_compact.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_i_compact.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Pre-order traversal: Example one&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
@@ -3768,7 +3766,7 @@
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_14" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_2_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Pre-order traversal: Example two&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
@@ -3918,7 +3916,7 @@
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_4" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_5" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_6" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_7" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_8" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_9" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_10" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_11" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_12" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_13" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_14" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_4_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_4_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_4_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_4_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_4_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_4_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_4_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_4_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_4_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_4_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_4_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Pre-order traversal: Example three&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Pruning</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
@@ -4030,7 +4028,7 @@
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_14" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_5_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">State</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">State</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2" href="#__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Backtracking algorithm framework&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Check if it&#39;s a solution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-4" name="__codelineno-42-4" href="#__codelineno-42-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -4147,25 +4145,25 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Backtracking algorithm framework */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="n">State</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Choice</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">State</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a> <span class="c1">// Check if it&#39;s a solution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">isSolution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a> <span class="c1">// Record the solution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a> <span class="n">recordSolution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-7" name="__codelineno-47-7" href="#__codelineno-47-7"></a> <span class="c1">// Stop searching</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-8" name="__codelineno-47-8" href="#__codelineno-47-8"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-9" name="__codelineno-47-9" href="#__codelineno-47-9"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-10" name="__codelineno-47-10" href="#__codelineno-47-10"></a> <span class="c1">// Iterate through all choices</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-11" name="__codelineno-47-11" href="#__codelineno-47-11"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">choice</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">choices</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-12" name="__codelineno-47-12" href="#__codelineno-47-12"></a> <span class="c1">// Prune: check if the choice is valid</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-13" name="__codelineno-47-13" href="#__codelineno-47-13"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">isValid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-14" name="__codelineno-47-14" href="#__codelineno-47-14"></a> <span class="c1">// Trial: make a choice, update the state</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-15" name="__codelineno-47-15" href="#__codelineno-47-15"></a> <span class="n">makeChoice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-16" name="__codelineno-47-16" href="#__codelineno-47-16"></a> <span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-17" name="__codelineno-47-17" href="#__codelineno-47-17"></a> <span class="c1">// Retreat: undo the choice, revert to the previous state</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-18" name="__codelineno-47-18" href="#__codelineno-47-18"></a> <span class="n">undoChoice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-19" name="__codelineno-47-19" href="#__codelineno-47-19"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-20" name="__codelineno-47-20" href="#__codelineno-47-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">State</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Choice</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">inout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">State</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Check if it&#39;s a solution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isSolution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record the solution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recordSolution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-7" name="__codelineno-47-7" href="#__codelineno-47-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stop searching</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-8" name="__codelineno-47-8" href="#__codelineno-47-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-9" name="__codelineno-47-9" href="#__codelineno-47-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-10" name="__codelineno-47-10" href="#__codelineno-47-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Iterate through all choices</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-11" name="__codelineno-47-11" href="#__codelineno-47-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-12" name="__codelineno-47-12" href="#__codelineno-47-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Prune: check if the choice is valid</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-13" name="__codelineno-47-13" href="#__codelineno-47-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isValid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-14" name="__codelineno-47-14" href="#__codelineno-47-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Trial: make a choice, update the state</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-15" name="__codelineno-47-15" href="#__codelineno-47-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">makeChoice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-16" name="__codelineno-47-16" href="#__codelineno-47-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-17" name="__codelineno-47-17" href="#__codelineno-47-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Retreat: undo the choice, revert to the previous state</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-18" name="__codelineno-47-18" href="#__codelineno-47-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">undoChoice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-19" name="__codelineno-47-19" href="#__codelineno-47-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-20" name="__codelineno-47-20" href="#__codelineno-47-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-21" name="__codelineno-47-21" href="#__codelineno-47-21"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
@@ -4243,7 +4241,7 @@
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-51-1" name="__codelineno-51-1" href="#__codelineno-51-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Backtracking algorithm framework */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span>: <span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">State</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span>: <span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Choice</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>: <span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">State</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">State</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Choice</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">State</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-3" name="__codelineno-51-3" href="#__codelineno-51-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Check if it&#39;s a solution</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-4" name="__codelineno-51-4" href="#__codelineno-51-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-5" name="__codelineno-51-5" href="#__codelineno-51-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record the solution</span>
@@ -4327,27 +4325,27 @@
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="6:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_6_1" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_2" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_3" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_4" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_5" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_6" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_7" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_8" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_9" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_10" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_11" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_12" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_13" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_14" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_6_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_6_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_6_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_6_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_6_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_6_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_6_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_6_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_6_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_6_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_6_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_6_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_iii_template.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-56-1" name="__codelineno-56-1" href="#__codelineno-56-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">is_solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">preorder_traversal_iii_template.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-56-1" name="__codelineno-56-1" href="#__codelineno-56-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-2" name="__codelineno-56-2" href="#__codelineno-56-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Determine if the current state is a solution&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-3" name="__codelineno-56-3" href="#__codelineno-56-3"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">state</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-4" name="__codelineno-56-4" href="#__codelineno-56-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-5" name="__codelineno-56-5" href="#__codelineno-56-5"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">record_solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">]]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-5" name="__codelineno-56-5" href="#__codelineno-56-5"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">record_solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">]]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-6" name="__codelineno-56-6" href="#__codelineno-56-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Record solution&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-7" name="__codelineno-56-7" href="#__codelineno-56-7"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-8" name="__codelineno-56-8" href="#__codelineno-56-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-9" name="__codelineno-56-9" href="#__codelineno-56-9"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">is_valid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-9" name="__codelineno-56-9" href="#__codelineno-56-9"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_valid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-10" name="__codelineno-56-10" href="#__codelineno-56-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Determine if the choice is legal under the current state&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-11" name="__codelineno-56-11" href="#__codelineno-56-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">choice</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-12" name="__codelineno-56-12" href="#__codelineno-56-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-13" name="__codelineno-56-13" href="#__codelineno-56-13"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">make_choice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-13" name="__codelineno-56-13" href="#__codelineno-56-13"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">make_choice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-14" name="__codelineno-56-14" href="#__codelineno-56-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Update state&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-15" name="__codelineno-56-15" href="#__codelineno-56-15"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-16" name="__codelineno-56-16" href="#__codelineno-56-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-17" name="__codelineno-56-17" href="#__codelineno-56-17"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">undo_choice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-17" name="__codelineno-56-17" href="#__codelineno-56-17"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">undo_choice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choice</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-18" name="__codelineno-56-18" href="#__codelineno-56-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Restore state&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-19" name="__codelineno-56-19" href="#__codelineno-56-19"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-20" name="__codelineno-56-20" href="#__codelineno-56-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-21" name="__codelineno-56-21" href="#__codelineno-56-21"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-21" name="__codelineno-56-21" href="#__codelineno-56-21"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">backtrack</span><span class="p">(</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-22" name="__codelineno-56-22" href="#__codelineno-56-22"></a> <span class="n">state</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">choices</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-23" name="__codelineno-56-23" href="#__codelineno-56-23"></a><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-24" name="__codelineno-56-24" href="#__codelineno-56-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Backtracking algorithm: Example three&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
@@ -4964,5 +4962,7 @@ aria-label="Footer"
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js"></script>
<script>document$.subscribe(() => {const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": true, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": false, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "none"});})</script></body>
<script id="init-glightbox">const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": true, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": false, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "none"});
document$.subscribe(() => { lightbox.reload() });
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