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<p>请在数组中选择两个隔板,使得组成的容器的容量最大,返回最大容量。</p>
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</div>
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<p><img alt="最大容量问题的示例数据" src="../max_capacity_problem.assets/max_capacity_example.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 最大容量问题的示例数据 </p>
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<p align="center"> 图:最大容量问题的示例数据 </p>
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<p>容器由任意两个隔板围成,<strong>因此本题的状态为两个隔板的索引,记为 <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<p>根据题意,容量等于高度乘以宽度,其中高度由短板决定,宽度是两隔板的索引之差。设容量为 <span class="arithmatex">\(cap[i, j]\)</span> ,则可得计算公式:</p>
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@@ -3452,7 +3452,7 @@ cap[i, j] = \min(ht[i], ht[j]) \times (j - i)
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<h3 id="_1">贪心策略确定<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>这道题还有更高效率的解法。如下图所示,现选取一个状态 <span class="arithmatex">\([i, j]\)</span> ,其满足索引 <span class="arithmatex">\(i < j\)</span> 且高度 <span class="arithmatex">\(ht[i] < ht[j]\)</span> ,即 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 为短板、 <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 为长板。</p>
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<p><img alt="初始状态" src="../max_capacity_problem.assets/max_capacity_initial_state.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 初始状态 </p>
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<p align="center"> 图:初始状态 </p>
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<p>我们发现,<strong>如果此时将长板 <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 向短板 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 靠近,则容量一定变小</strong>。这是因为在移动长板 <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 后:</p>
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<ul>
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@@ -3460,11 +3460,11 @@ cap[i, j] = \min(ht[i], ht[j]) \times (j - i)
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<li>高度由短板决定,因此高度只可能不变( <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 仍为短板)或变小(移动后的 <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 成为短板)。</li>
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</ul>
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<p><img alt="向内移动长板后的状态" src="../max_capacity_problem.assets/max_capacity_moving_long_board.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 向内移动长板后的状态 </p>
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<p align="center"> 图:向内移动长板后的状态 </p>
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<p>反向思考,<strong>我们只有向内收缩短板 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> ,才有可能使容量变大</strong>。因为虽然宽度一定变小,<strong>但高度可能会变大</strong>(移动后的短板 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 可能会变长)。</p>
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<p><img alt="向内移动长板后的状态" src="../max_capacity_problem.assets/max_capacity_moving_short_board.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 向内移动长板后的状态 </p>
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<p align="center"> 图:向内移动长板后的状态 </p>
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<p>由此便可推出本题的贪心策略:</p>
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<ol>
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@@ -3504,6 +3504,8 @@ cap[i, j] = \min(ht[i], ht[j]) \times (j - i)
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p align="center"> 图:最大容量问题的贪心过程 </p>
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<h3 id="_2">代码实现<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<p>代码循环最多 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 轮,<strong>因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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<p>变量 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(res\)</span> 使用常数大小额外空间,<strong>因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
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@@ -3697,7 +3699,7 @@ cap[i, j] = \min(ht[i], ht[j]) \times (j - i)
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cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \cdots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1]
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\]</div>
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<p><img alt="移动短板导致被跳过的状态" src="../max_capacity_problem.assets/max_capacity_skipped_states.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 移动短板导致被跳过的状态 </p>
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<p align="center"> 图:移动短板导致被跳过的状态 </p>
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<p>观察发现,<strong>这些被跳过的状态实际上就是将长板 <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 向内移动的所有状态</strong>。而在第二步中,我们已经证明内移长板一定会导致容量变小。也就是说,被跳过的状态都不可能是最优解,<strong>跳过它们不会导致错过最优解</strong>。</p>
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<p>以上的分析说明,<strong>移动短板的操作是“安全”的</strong>,贪心策略是有效的。</p>
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