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krahets
2023-08-20 13:37:20 +08:00
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commit 96fded547b
35 changed files with 777 additions and 716 deletions

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@@ -2926,15 +2926,22 @@
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
代码实现
<a href="#1" class="md-nav__link">
1. &nbsp; 动态规划思路
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
状态压缩
<a href="#2" class="md-nav__link">
2. &nbsp; 代码实现
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
3. &nbsp; 状态压缩
</a>
</li>
@@ -3383,15 +3390,22 @@
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
代码实现
<a href="#1" class="md-nav__link">
1. &nbsp; 动态规划思路
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
状态压缩
<a href="#2" class="md-nav__link">
2. &nbsp; 代码实现
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
3. &nbsp; 状态压缩
</a>
</li>
@@ -3436,6 +3450,7 @@
<p><img alt="基于决策树模型表示编辑距离问题" src="../edit_distance_problem.assets/edit_distance_decision_tree.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 图:基于决策树模型表示编辑距离问题 </p>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 动态规划思路<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p><strong>第一步:思考每轮的决策,定义状态,从而得到 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp\)</span></strong></p>
<p>每一轮的决策是对字符串 <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> 进行一次编辑操作。</p>
<p>我们希望在编辑操作的过程中,问题的规模逐渐缩小,这样才能构建子问题。设字符串 <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span> 的长度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> ,我们先考虑两字符串尾部的字符 <span class="arithmatex">\(s[n-1]\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(t[m-1]\)</span> </p>
@@ -3467,7 +3482,7 @@ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1]
<p><strong>第三步:确定边界条件和状态转移顺序</strong></p>
<p>当两字符串都为空时,编辑步数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> ,即 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[0, 0] = 0\)</span> 。当 <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> 为空但 <span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span> 不为空时,最少编辑步数等于 <span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span> 的长度,即首行 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[0, j] = j\)</span> 。当 <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> 不为空但 <span class="arithmatex">\(t\)</span> 为空时,等于 <span class="arithmatex">\(s\)</span> 的长度,即首列 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, 0] = i\)</span></p>
<p>观察状态转移方程,解 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j]\)</span> 依赖左方、上方、左上方的解,因此通过两层循环正序遍历整个 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp\)</span> 表即可。</p>
<h3 id="_1">代码实现<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 代码实现<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Rust</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -3788,7 +3803,7 @@ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1]
</div>
<p align="center"> 图:编辑距离的动态规划过程 </p>
<h3 id="_2">状态压缩<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<h3 id="3">3. &nbsp; 状态压缩<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>由于 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i,j]\)</span> 是由上方 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j]\)</span> 、左方 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j-1]\)</span> 、左上方状态 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j-1]\)</span> 转移而来,而正序遍历会丢失左上方 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j-1]\)</span> ,倒序遍历无法提前构建 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i, j-1]\)</span> ,因此两种遍历顺序都不可取。</p>
<p>为此,我们可以使用一个变量 <code>leftup</code> 来暂存左上方的解 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i-1, j-1]\)</span> ,从而只需考虑左方和上方的解。此时的情况与完全背包问题相同,可使用正序遍历。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Rust</label></div>