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Sort the coding languages by applications. (#721)

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Yudong Jin
2023-09-04 03:19:08 +08:00
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docs/chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem.md
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@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@
想清楚以上信息之后，我们就可以在框架代码中做“完形填空”了。为了缩短代码行数，我们不单独实现框架代码中的各个函数，而是将他们展开在 `backtrack()` 函数中。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="permutations_i.java"
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{backtrack}
```python title="permutations_i.py"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{permutationsI}
[class]{}-[func]{permutations_i}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -59,12 +59,20 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="permutations_i.py"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
```java title="permutations_i.java"
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutations_i}
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="permutations_i.cs"
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -75,6 +83,14 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="permutations_i.swift"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="permutations_i.js"
@@ -91,38 +107,6 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "C"
```c title="permutations_i.c"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="permutations_i.cs"
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{permutations_i}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="permutations_i.swift"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="permutations_i.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="permutations_i.dart"
@@ -139,6 +123,22 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutations_i}
```
=== "C"
```c title="permutations_i.c"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="permutations_i.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}
```
## 考虑相等元素的情况
!!! question
@@ -167,12 +167,12 @@
在上一题的代码的基础上，我们考虑在每一轮选择中开启一个哈希表 `duplicated` ，用于记录该轮中已经尝试过的元素，并将重复元素剪枝。
=== "Java"
=== "Python"
```java title="permutations_ii.java"
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{backtrack}
```python title="permutations_ii.py"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{permutationsII}
[class]{}-[func]{permutations_ii}
```
=== "C++"
@@ -183,12 +183,20 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Python"
=== "Java"
```python title="permutations_ii.py"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
```java title="permutations_ii.java"
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutations_ii}
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="permutations_ii.cs"
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Go"
@@ -199,6 +207,14 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="permutations_ii.swift"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "JS"
```javascript title="permutations_ii.js"
@@ -215,38 +231,6 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "C"
```c title="permutations_ii.c"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="permutations_ii.cs"
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{permutations_ii}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Swift"
```swift title="permutations_ii.swift"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="permutations_ii.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Dart"
```dart title="permutations_ii.dart"
@@ -263,6 +247,22 @@
[class]{}-[func]{permutations_ii}
```
=== "C"
```c title="permutations_ii.c"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
=== "Zig"
```zig title="permutations_ii.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}
[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}
```
假设元素两两之间互不相同，则 $n$ 个元素共有 $n!$ 种排列（阶乘）；在记录结果时，需要复制长度为 $n$ 的列表，使用 $O(n)$ 时间。**因此时间复杂度为 $O(n!n)$** 。
最大递归深度为 $n$ ，使用 $O(n)$ 栈帧空间。`selected` 使用 $O(n)$ 空间。同一时刻最多共有 $n$ 个 `duplicated` ，使用 $O(n^2)$ 空间。**因此空间复杂度为 $O(n^2)$** 。