mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2026-04-27 03:50:19 +08:00
deploy
This commit is contained in:
@@ -3459,9 +3459,9 @@
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Question</p>
|
||||
<p>给定 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 种硬币,第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 种硬币的面值为 <span class="arithmatex">\(coins[i - 1]\)</span> ,目标金额为 <span class="arithmatex">\(amt\)</span> ,每种硬币可以重复选取,问能够凑出目标金额的最少硬币个数。如果无法凑出目标金额则返回 <span class="arithmatex">\(-1\)</span> 。</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p>本题的贪心策略如下图所示。给定目标金额,<strong>我们贪心地选择不大于且最接近它的硬币</strong>,不断循环该步骤,直至凑出目标金额为止。</p>
|
||||
<p>本题的贪心策略如图 15-1 所示。给定目标金额,<strong>我们贪心地选择不大于且最接近它的硬币</strong>,不断循环该步骤,直至凑出目标金额为止。</p>
|
||||
<p><img alt="零钱兑换的贪心策略" src="../greedy_algorithm.assets/coin_change_greedy_strategy.png" /></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> 图:零钱兑换的贪心策略 </p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> 图 15-1 零钱兑换的贪心策略 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>实现代码如下所示。你可能会不由地发出感叹:So Clean !贪心算法仅用十行代码就解决了零钱兑换问题。</p>
|
||||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Rust</label></div>
|
||||
@@ -3641,14 +3641,14 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<h2 id="1511">15.1.1 贪心优点与局限性<a class="headerlink" href="#1511" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||||
<p><strong>贪心算法不仅操作直接、实现简单,而且通常效率也很高</strong>。在以上代码中,记硬币最小面值为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\min(coins)\)</span> ,则贪心选择最多循环 <span class="arithmatex">\(amt / \min(coins)\)</span> 次,时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(amt / \min(coins))\)</span> 。这比动态规划解法的时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n \times amt)\)</span> 提升了一个数量级。</p>
|
||||
<p>然而,<strong>对于某些硬币面值组合,贪心算法并不能找到最优解</strong>。下图给出了两个示例。</p>
|
||||
<p>然而,<strong>对于某些硬币面值组合,贪心算法并不能找到最优解</strong>。图 15-2 给出了两个示例。</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>正例 <span class="arithmatex">\(coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]\)</span></strong>:在该硬币组合下,给定任意 <span class="arithmatex">\(amt\)</span> ,贪心算法都可以找出最优解。</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>反例 <span class="arithmatex">\(coins = [1, 20, 50]\)</span></strong>:假设 <span class="arithmatex">\(amt = 60\)</span> ,贪心算法只能找到 <span class="arithmatex">\(50 + 1 \times 10\)</span> 的兑换组合,共计 <span class="arithmatex">\(11\)</span> 枚硬币,但动态规划可以找到最优解 <span class="arithmatex">\(20 + 20 + 20\)</span> ,仅需 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 枚硬币。</li>
|
||||
<li><strong>反例 <span class="arithmatex">\(coins = [1, 49, 50]\)</span></strong>:假设 <span class="arithmatex">\(amt = 98\)</span> ,贪心算法只能找到 <span class="arithmatex">\(50 + 1 \times 48\)</span> 的兑换组合,共计 <span class="arithmatex">\(49\)</span> 枚硬币,但动态规划可以找到最优解 <span class="arithmatex">\(49 + 49\)</span> ,仅需 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 枚硬币。</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p><img alt="贪心无法找出最优解的示例" src="../greedy_algorithm.assets/coin_change_greedy_vs_dp.png" /></p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> 图:贪心无法找出最优解的示例 </p>
|
||||
<p align="center"> 图 15-2 贪心无法找出最优解的示例 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>也就是说,对于零钱兑换问题,贪心算法无法保证找到全局最优解,并且有可能找到非常差的解。它更适合用动态规划解决。</p>
|
||||
<p>一般情况下,贪心算法适用于以下两类问题:</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user