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krahets
2024-01-24 16:58:27 +08:00
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@@ -5498,7 +5498,7 @@ O(1) < O(\log n) < O(n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) \newline
<h3 id="5-olog-n">5. &nbsp; 对数阶 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#5-olog-n" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>对数阶常见于分治算法。例如归并排序,输入长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组,每轮递归将数组从中点处划分为两半,形成高度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log n\)</span> 的递归树,使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 栈帧空间。</p>
<p>再例如将数字转化为字符串,输入一个正整数 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ,它的位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log_{10} n + 1\)</span> ,即对应字符串长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log_{10} n + 1\)</span> ,因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)\)</span></p>
<p>再例如将数字转化为字符串,输入一个正整数 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ,它的位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\lfloor \log_{10} n \rfloor + 1\)</span> ,即对应字符串长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\lfloor \log_{10} n \rfloor + 1\)</span> ,因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)\)</span></p>
<h2 id="244">2.4.4 &nbsp; 权衡时间与空间<a class="headerlink" href="#244" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>理想情况下,我们希望算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度都能达到最优。然而在实际情况中,同时优化时间复杂度和空间复杂度通常非常困难。</p>
<p><strong>降低时间复杂度通常需要以提升空间复杂度为代价,反之亦然</strong>。我们将牺牲内存空间来提升算法运行速度的思路称为“以空间换时间”;反之,则称为“以时间换空间”。</p>