From c0f960b4439cac920580c56b77470e50f92db767 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: krahets <krahets@163.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Aug 2023 03:56:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] deploy

---
 404.html                                      |   8 +-
 assets/covers/chapter_hashing.jpg             | Bin 140434 -> 140215 bytes
 chapter_appendix/contribution/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_appendix/index.html                   |   8 +-
 chapter_appendix/installation/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/index.html |   8 +-
 chapter_array_and_linkedlist/index.html       |   8 +-
 .../linked_list/index.html                    |  12 +--
 chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/index.html  |   8 +-
 .../summary/index.html                        |   8 +-
 .../backtracking_algorithm/index.html         |   8 +-
 chapter_backtracking/index.html               |   8 +-
 .../n_queens_problem/index.html               |  10 +--
 .../permutations_problem/index.html           |   8 +-
 .../subset_sum_problem/index.html             |  22 ++---
 chapter_backtracking/summary/index.html       |   8 +-
 chapter_computational_complexity/index.html   |  18 ++--
 .../performance_evaluation/index.html         |  12 +--
 .../space_complexity/index.html               |  79 +++++++++---------
 .../summary/index.html                        |   8 +-
 .../time_complexity/index.html                |  29 ++++---
 .../basic_data_types/index.html               |   8 +-
 .../character_encoding/index.html             |   8 +-
 .../index.html                                |   8 +-
 chapter_data_structure/index.html             |   8 +-
 .../number_encoding/index.html                |   8 +-
 chapter_data_structure/summary/index.html     |  10 +--
 .../binary_search_recur/index.html            |   8 +-
 .../build_binary_tree_problem/index.html      |   8 +-
 .../divide_and_conquer/index.html             |  10 +--
 .../hanota_problem/index.html                 |   8 +-
 chapter_divide_and_conquer/index.html         |   8 +-
 chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/index.html |   8 +-
 .../dp_problem_features/index.html            |   8 +-
 .../dp_solution_pipeline/index.html           |   8 +-
 .../edit_distance_problem/index.html          |   8 +-
 chapter_dynamic_programming/index.html        |   8 +-
 .../intro_to_dynamic_programming/index.html   |  10 +--
 .../knapsack_problem/index.html               |   8 +-
 .../summary/index.html                        |   8 +-
 .../unbounded_knapsack_problem/index.html     |   8 +-
 chapter_graph/graph/index.html                |   8 +-
 chapter_graph/graph_operations/index.html     |   8 +-
 chapter_graph/graph_traversal/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_graph/index.html                      |   8 +-
 chapter_graph/summary/index.html              |   8 +-
 .../fractional_knapsack_problem/index.html    |   8 +-
 chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/index.html    |   8 +-
 chapter_greedy/index.html                     |   8 +-
 .../max_capacity_problem/index.html           |  10 +--
 .../max_product_cutting_problem/index.html    |   8 +-
 chapter_greedy/summary/index.html             |   8 +-
 chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/index.html     |  16 ++--
 chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html     |  10 +--
 chapter_hashing/hash_map/index.html           |  12 +--
 chapter_hashing/index.html                    |  18 ++--
 chapter_hashing/summary/index.html            |   8 +-
 chapter_heap/build_heap/index.html            |  16 ++--
 chapter_heap/heap/index.html                  |   8 +-
 chapter_heap/index.html                       |   8 +-
 chapter_heap/summary/index.html               |   8 +-
 chapter_heap/top_k/index.html                 |  10 +--
 .../algorithms_are_everywhere/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_introduction/index.html               |   8 +-
 chapter_introduction/summary/index.html       |  12 +--
 chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/index.html   |  10 +--
 chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html     |  10 +--
 chapter_preface/index.html                    |   8 +-
 chapter_preface/suggestions/index.html        |   8 +-
 chapter_preface/summary/index.html            |   8 +-
 chapter_reference/index.html                  |   8 +-
 chapter_searching/binary_search/index.html    |   8 +-
 .../binary_search_edge/index.html             |   8 +-
 .../binary_search_insertion/index.html        |   8 +-
 chapter_searching/index.html                  |   8 +-
 .../replace_linear_by_hashing/index.html      |   8 +-
 .../searching_algorithm_revisited/index.html  |   8 +-
 chapter_searching/summary/index.html          |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/index.html        |  10 +--
 chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/index.html        |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/heap_sort/index.html          |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/index.html                    |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/index.html     |  10 +--
 chapter_sorting/merge_sort/index.html         |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/quick_sort/index.html         |  10 +--
 chapter_sorting/radix_sort/index.html         |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/selection_sort/index.html     |  10 +--
 chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/index.html  |   8 +-
 chapter_sorting/summary/index.html            |   8 +-
 chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_stack_and_queue/index.html            |   8 +-
 chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/index.html      |   8 +-
 chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/index.html    |  12 +--
 .../array_representation_of_tree/index.html   |   8 +-
 chapter_tree/avl_tree/index.html              |   8 +-
 chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html    |   8 +-
 chapter_tree/binary_tree/index.html           |   8 +-
 chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/index.html |  10 +--
 chapter_tree/index.html                       |   8 +-
 chapter_tree/summary/index.html               |   8 +-
 index.html                                    |   8 +-
 search/search_index.json                      |   2 +-
 sitemap.xml.gz                                | Bin 967 -> 967 bytes
 105 files changed, 506 insertions(+), 502 deletions(-)

diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index 08207b517..ee5ce790b 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/assets/covers/chapter_hashing.jpg b/assets/covers/chapter_hashing.jpg
index 2b47cd046f33211340aa7bec99e1009ca37dc736..74fdf9a6dde9d18e6e5fe4a0903873affa885d80 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 131414
zcmV)RK(oJ+$q2W{2#~}mF)d>-FfkxEIWA#1WHdK5Gc-9YATlsAGcPbRFETSNF*7<a
zH99mkvFu?1A2LKiMKeK0K{Gc(H!(3qML94rH8?m$G&eRjGcZLtlWYPVA2LKiMKeK0
zIWspxH!(3qML94rH8?m$G&eRjGcZLtlc)k@Br{@SG&E#lVl8B1He)R`F=l2hVl+27
zEjKe|WHK;fI5uWuVY4s;JOKf=lWhcc7UH9`WONp^q!9oD0s#UA0|EpF0Rsh-`2->b
z@sgs_L$e<R?+AbXJ-t=cqvam&e|N6BmzyiW0-hj}mKO-eb^gl0mNlC_qdF-j<X5Va
zHIWK8K7EF~{FrZ#n<F<dr|lJ0aXpOF@=0=F@&m<&(H7jKfTZ!`PV_kSckI%W&NoQF
z;9CCxMQQYP+mE~AHLX4~%*S`<9E)FeeDD5RDEn(GrpkYfn$G6I*x2`zS}Na{nUUJf
zW89+Eo71sYR5#Js+!|@&lB+EwdO$VqwR!B3^LegLptjNI8djVW$sQcZHT=jIL-7tq
zkid+z>)Xbac(GfN=&{po#No9CdC%38Um^^9`-)wM?`S@%^qA6#fp9EGg@<7k=K8h*
zXXi;a;;erTz()%$6>G~QT42Gh6!-L8&nQV72O9WJhLZ})<sC}8@l&C#B|QQQAfk$>
zTUF>0=s!zl+2q1=qkd$5pS&w`Dj?xx`_UVN+;lbJ;K+Pw<H(QRiGzAaG3>8(49Pqx
zGHQ}2BhYJ~cChD}r5Wd)f%&-s;LWe9)GnurawLDl#zGa624Z`Fzu8P@LGu3qGZ`Kh
zakTb^HFqQWw1<d;8HfBeb$UTI8T~VoC+VS2y%QBajv}$23`6>XvF+eyETizSy&Lqb
z#wp$t!d2V{de)YHH~sSuByePPK9&Cf<5BUwmo!$X9%Ymyj-Y$2!|AT7O)lJtl!9A(
zTmgUIRo^N1Qr+a%+yy4r>8W;g0HoV+EB4m+QbF@DInZ<d?zQB)T#`l9apZQ>cm!}2
z>$=lzfn*vGNWY|38>`*iy0Z%;v+i&S498n(N;=%ABVKgOlV-yTjoVT93j@Qpm)!D7
z3mcs(s+vNx1mLR?t%3R~7;W2Y8{UtTZ9sqbw|x|^h>?A2mU1V6pphQ|eRVW8ZOvkI
z0<I=yPb{jH2ISjXl3mXrdw`}OQSCdocGNICyJ)WzmfRTBq=7HJM1=EdbH!vMgDL<4
zY;_{J7kd>V_8QuyuPNNB68r$+SH@ke+wK;|<wea)=2B}y$i5PISbzbiaJtrJ0z7{)
z1!&7(#0jzPwJE<48<`}x?ho5bJb=h{UtvBTTzhCrbwX_$pZ@@qbrM2_j27XcKW!1Z
z=T^BFj1kAf{k4Fe_$zWj7xhzLKP0DUjZ}fpjjC-}(I81NoSwhcC02!{0UJgNw)$xp
z<jKhVvc^E5uwKsk7*=L0!%OQ>g>`==tVV*@6-oiE14L0k-w~5=@awjPE3Nzqw~^GE
zl-gNNzhw=!?`<z*z|q7Wh4;uAwhJf}&L>dIh@?@;wma%JgT|CB6q39<D(N9Y8a6(!
zZ8n!8WP7ON$c&F68=m&K1JgjtjaR||7qK)sGp3%xXJ^}efPtmzuOrGgJ6wN_1%;|%
z<DqG&eMi7M0IEzsEZ<txR2GeFpcMw>cT`CVwkr}8kPe_}S@~peV0lbU)M$8ATfzuB
zQ3U%uHn_Jc5xuk=_}1Ac0Tp()8<SCD0kHIQsZAY87O~dVVDN%L3~#Ni!jM0p#uljd
z<<6LN{I<Tn8WtAENeTiKSX+O-jtOYq>P3MX`YIlyS{dS3RoWcf@YhW#h_#J)lSwds
z%`Hvi=VwC_#}g2vhlCoov4|#0%q_H$&h#CDl$|fB){l{sm6BA=cH6+%52~vRA}JEU
zWMXt}#cVq$SU?OR{3q2=v5+oDgd1tfm@?yq*A;<0JVt;dCNP9p^E7`;d;ugw6SYBG
z1w3nx<E^%zvZQUW1Z#WI;@qW*+Qe`o^qfG`ZxSluug6PPwh|wcQ`#>`WK8btq>a45
z0C25L5Pm{37WW71skFc?N_;+=wX2`XDoNrys<A2&wX}XCUR5wul$Cr+c+h5wMv(1&
z4xw#Lyg&eT<J(nWH~N36rUp~_MMsDd4-R#pS9EKsQKiVNw;&RN*9=MRt$hSZyWs|^
z+ynuEzSSh#zl~EaBG~3j=)AixS9Vrwj>@)7k(@VBb<+OYT!6|5#q6v!`lyZwi3*Lx
zGaFG-B~l$^iuSdOfu#;`sHm#pt#Wpo@jNP~ShPh$G?FTnw{U;wL;}uM#2q;DpsN7l
z&11kCW)zZ1G=9Rw(rBdcGEz3+G_{W{YOJvo8d#7tzdCWy0q>9Ds+5c=H&Siz)JPag
zznf<FcOBJr$@0^0l#&g6L~E@O$Bbhx%)(+$;ilVOm)IDU3`iESHLR!40)~woc(*`?
z+L3)Kv%pMtUL=2wD){-h5kQg3viXWEO4`@%s`U)MpC&O}Z!}Gz8@PAWC27zlK)S?k
z1&)WZh^ol#ZAGnmMkZrxvDZ!}imNDeB%5n{lWL~9uuqZ%Qp0f^4K<7blW%Q@w9pOD
z9u(hAQ6^+-#_YdE7I*|{ey3ou<44(Z>=vwyd~#bJNdSK_WENE%?m5<n>WMErYw)2y
z(@KVa>3C8Bc8XgMX`+~->Pyv*bo4nGn3&)596xfQ*0y?{LSkV_F9HVCABgBF9)pfn
zN#r~gh+fOF+}5Q(RApXRu@vZod-_ibh?~c#_!uOUsp54t2CYM5$6r-+5>d+%BSCo_
z*+pygNTz>;O^rH~kQ<deb)jM4+Yz&zeqeAAAG!v&_13;^lRgQ@3F8;6H{8+H9Ur$*
zxSugxA|mTc$V{w<(lz@l6FMIwHh8!NcDJDGTT|LR*yZ>nR`neX6C<P??z%xAl2v4t
zhqB(fovUFt`bWK3yX%l$8>AM%n=)n9l!!-nHm!eb?8NEtMV9NiHiTe1ZQ=TBO`=7E
z%1{CYuu;GZSCsun)KXCwPmJzZ?9(5`$!e=Nv5Uc%laVG|%{+~Ee$D`P3SF!;8k4{d
zH5+#7hiUBOY2K6;MRsBNsz^SLRi*9WS=Iw?o_6uj%^qlNr9r*z+gtG^@Sv9W+_p83
zls13J4`UyuweSy_)0sG!*xT!@x17?p>U8Ya#`Z!I0<IWwM!&MX4CBq|@{!AItN#F+
zu%;e1@2$R?{&pHGedK7H(l}I36CUc~25qgE6rXl@nGdGdq<Sok9FvP*fE||xngz@l
z`+u7o6#gA3u)vTe#2iT^_LI)Es+zRS9h!e~f@|>}JHNgAE32!i!Y9hy$HBb^GaKe2
z@c#fcebd|BSiJ+QleY&Yykq$;e(?BDeR=?CUaqbMTX9F2$p+Dm!oY*Z^|9001`sMi
zuq5|T`oB-#Y`Cv=H<d>*@d}S8{W-|TZLMM%e(M8QR=iRta&2jiKxDa#qdDg$pTvJ@
zZkN6$2<O6eL-tYnvi|_vVTFC-%W>Q(Trk9lUq&7zJ>scDsG-)z$5SD36+ZK@_Hm%}
z*!*R??Lo?)&XOef6U09etsa<`P)~WKq7|I6@Kz|KkZ7P5KFY?835B2UH`djs)CpV$
zRpTKDJ!e|YhILs?E$*or_EZj`?6H3!+%!?3?WOW?ak``}W%6>O;7<|Re$_N)kjuTT
zZMO&yZ*5Ws5H3XLUoCd~H8d$%;#Rmk-quo4#hpo39pa|Bas1uVJ1}P?k`HZACc;#)
zH}^@cm6O3PmP%fQ>(Ty~%-;-{E__g((f;Fp!(M9TeeFkRrf{;G4=yaF_f&t{Kslk~
zO7)twB;lT$u0rfFq+fJMt1qJW29Vy(KT(sPlEHmu!nbCPGVxw3_-0=V4&Ewj3l&Rz
z_VwDz5;8v!tf=uEin7mhKMCI(J`=-ZC~rZ~*Qe@2(8o6u1A}q!w}jV~%DUysN5!YA
zy=+#@>45Pv$8TM~ZBFOqWi5XXADjozO5=fJLlt*Nl0vF3$Csk229>hVM5AqyAK_qr
zn)Y2^$J15$T~D^WV+{>^9E0ZcAl&vT_FA&s)}ux?LZJw)Dgp+elg_EOEy2W*i(8*(
zs)S?SL2XYex01Xz0zD?2Lex%M1u63#jllr>Xbu5&wTGb5vLYx6Pyl}x(D%?;2-;4)
z)oLJ4PPhWZ1A4qb2>~7asFC6`07IZHVgWT^rWuqu2fcL^o8X59);|Fv`u5N^6UM{?
zPM|FlHOU72bRyK5c2=+hX*8?E8O)<VG_a~GnD+%2xV11-eS+y>uA_}FD(!Y0K&nn~
zEehJ;X<=3>0RwIIxu|~{fo%t67VE9K4$2q-RUxm>kf{jcU2o{Ct2W``_0wyQHs9qN
zp6X4;pu33eVW_?PYl4tX#+I!Ql$;xEYaYQ=lMYZkF}?j1c_4-)J2u+&VGEsh>B!!$
z0rM=t+#4J6rW7vEcmvr^L;@(@E1iJfk=CF>`->1PZ*fen(lvi!>ovfxpt{@BQ#?n)
z1okqmii`I1uH5?q04>bZWkJ1}NVh6qXbM0&@wGVv(OdwFw*DL6(Q4vDz~l{}ZWcY%
z{8(tw#^Ia9ig<R4jEpo$B#^nXsV4r4#r7&x>UiyoYm$2^OiV=*(Ur7rSPe+wV|rx8
z$G*011dx%9fU18LU{5n{bnC<}EZnFs9i<@ZZ9=ey`arZYZup1QO&b)ELA`-IDmokw
zEE8-tv+HqwRQ%X-Bo5?)p-p9PmW8K-04n)yyWRszh?XN@>_?!{l|v+e_SYn8x3CuF
zR@@0G2EInpU6>xr)h!p8d`HW+hUbkik*~?IuqR)xqBwt%@*`GIRH?Y{r7JxGGy(z{
z50=H3Znr!&sYXnDu?Zl3EcesVMwTezn5qrF3!d|O21<h(Uzw*@FeaixHd4H01W~QV
zj5vzCaYo61JrI$oCt6Vm0E-LvQ3J#9liyCukW{S0#6|a5pAgpdv(rPKofgXgcU+%M
zV#vtE1O$HoHLd=TKkae)TkEN}#5jw*TTtDuFMVo<ZyT=eSLIE}szC<b^s^*P*EYQ*
z#zB;y3juqMbV(K{-F(+nxVQ$2iyoQ-NcEPqv2NkF?WD5CX5^;X+r$domA5;Z+KdAn
zVEh8HGFY<<a~v&d^%#9S&cuRYAyUzeEqc3XiI{&gwxCm{qlHFVhs0n23<kEXM(D(X
zJi+T)M?VPR#`~lW(k_Yxv>fU}OlHMxr$y8YP=+L<fCjWSDO;O^wyKe#iBGnvS&g9q
zk0@frczf36TOA%4S}7TVmL|XxW2FgE1X9>)e`RDiV8pJLqvaye9>d9m-ti0Y_o#V4
zD~o>#nrM6@@pG>%B*=uD?hHo)O%6<n9c=DM?<UlhI)w8tEXrdkw2u)t_0>?tv&F`!
z3YFtkZC68A3qkoXj?uQzhr|zMQ(?95dV~jhFTBRXjWYOI0a?mfLhGpZ@u!8vopLP|
z?g%4tn}BJS&d5ay%r>?8Qt>(~0vB@~E$M%v%nOz95JwSe98OXi!ow=8yA8EB<I1(V
zDi4~!H73W^SsR;BR=^GiO4sO4K42;L$R|pT&x;yhKT$pN*?ts3_S9ei{XDCJHqE^+
z*eD%%?&>p-K=umIRVI9BQ$Z{!0QKunN+eGfZs0_);vltyUEBNG*N)G~IXRP0#4~>#
zzJZ{xUDam!Zk;m?4&96CZ7aqErM0VLWi3o$VVUJwTwVorRz0kE3IXop%D3>*Q=vw{
zSfqj5)4J7nv@YO~Q4nlQ$ZhVn;p-QmWgj!A;?4Jy!+v^Gv46ahGs0N!>lBg#dVKJn
zFum&sqc)~3Uf^=n$WvguNB|z1^w@v#d1woNFn}12;li_eHYb`BCPCqg!ykKmRi~Fc
zSg<_uow3F)O+`~m3g5DJ#{)aB^>yjkwoP(oxQTl^So$l&jl`C7x!B#9^Cp<;8B%BE
zzEq@w+9LcaI0^>7n(EuHitEJYZduo-`Z5-qA%_J(Pp0*r*9&`Ar$I+XEhm2rgxtP>
zZA*Xsb~OFE{{WVvx#%v(x5O#lir|T3?E${SK+cZE*WtLT^l3KaqWnOw+gR(g`W;$s
z_X(1vWVdFN{{TpsBr}7?A|({AdhL*(T}~c6q_l+XiPvu4Y&g=Q@~Ce#mPRm`N+ig&
zgpNwDXKgb;!~r5?A9dU7rMiEgQ2BK7qCcGc$K4&Zx?B;&*zcVW#=iE>KYQWy*H@F*
zwDG^Mx6@r$;7^eqgc~q73^;--)pSm)^RXCaHp+;2hsHi3_ScrH!z{2$lfv6&jNMOf
zaqcx%s<MJphbO!Tw}ofV3u2Z;7ss0We*+)8>!Wn+__~HLnKW;9MCO03*-h+OP{!im
z=tXm8t{JM#GY6<6IE6<Mb4163&4B4?lT|fr$k`<kF!3+C{{Rp?>8RsAUhpj<uB31x
ztzje^mYX(Y#@=l1_OZVX;am7h7B22piH8|2*l%!q>(FDb<%J@|8xd7w6SIBTknp)<
z>a4GmGQ5(ew&FXhPcVPpQa%6&wugwejGoh3%o-(uL{f3sk#>ySfy9AIWE1@~fC{!t
zlVjO>(aBGfb(KM6Z6qC+q<V~kNn;7_1>7yeS{uZbMK%!f#8D76u;WwJa1#~`X%~!^
zzod(ryrSv1n-IR!O#Y}KO^E>eip})_MH_Zq%{OqPp^IvpS66>mLC$(_)A@#6Uzc;^
zgF)V$sF~q$=XV+mz@z^FsE6$p=lX6@#LP*4;X7Z@Yt`n#^B9*wcZi8&{_hd%6@}N0
z=YuO%*z%dGMnj*(ZR$1X{{T)+zX-;7#NR_}S<_>rk!0?*$B7SN<5vAQF5IVz`beKj
z>q^dQ{{XbOhunV&hs*2IL2n2yN1=tqX1D@b6n)oW>^11KpxM{sp4v+ZC(^ze#ghew
zJLiTaUPc8i%KU1pWsb;^Q^41)$9wb<eQh0iGs3-I7{5bN&&xEoICmN|VqNhAw#0BX
z5yt3ScA$Y^P3W=hSOIFOk}v@PkWIK!<^Xa~IADJcw3L6OgJEyBv@$G1-<`gyMsPv&
z0cv$%^cQOmR__$<ARAJ^6WL0*Cd80MH;!2r5{jpF$BOz|t>{V`xiL1D<5^PKn1QIj
zI?#N#DDjj~H3W;&CM|AGr1BLt#Eq0x0D;Q-iYo%cNZ4s%*;Y8ro<7dX=E}=J5IZW4
zT2t3S5V3zsM}{`I?lmngN|L3>VZ>NzSNV+1KRLBFu8(kO2|J`Z7Bnuf#@i^HuX0Vs
zw0P#sa&0sCLE>#t-g1r1<J2nQKQDP>dtXXTu7Hy$vu0cqGi^L|qvSlPx5~*ae|yEk
zqa7AN2?F*MJlH~%2mrnB-$o__fF&fp=555CPa1!)F{nF%EN^R7V%({^*BXPvN^(37
zqcB;L5>Sh&1ZpY0MTplTjAFfln;tb&<=@;k=W5a&GpU`wk*L(_I9E4I>P>Pny&8=^
znqEuzViS%aip;(c!uB*XWl(hCYg6*zX2T0fJbMv97bF`K=%h+9TVGCQm3oxp5Hy){
zMxlR3M5(5Vq>)hlLSn3qmnqyVR{9axXe?yMloTMci-JYyGBJ{4BinOoZJ?%*PeYK4
z9@0jYq2@^7ZYyD^u&ls&Ti05V^?-=0@{u;h1985#=S7ox3Pt3}nh*eCVm=U0(@Qjx
zJe%E)=HlJ7e5`|&D3r#r3tMX5-kJg2Yyp4L#+nYHA)h7$W`;+M7SyS*C%%ssetfc|
zZ#%R^*_56>npiOr7{2c9-nu3t7R!YOo0^v}7*M`2O}te={_xV)<638-X1Od1s4ci_
zP<jtg_><Z{WlPkg@FJuA5k8-;qZ}WZjCP|Md-@kr0?W4DmlYq;dYbAje$YiI!|H!I
zSQN-oa!Bk;pKSvvY>|W7eyY)4k<^2ikvzgi+xU2UX>Os8(Y#Pd3N?#cojTzzf_~?Y
zB4$8h38lf~v|rmp0_1>r)#N~%KsUb|*CJdyf&oE#a-e=KIAl7qwVP9JRp`1LZ6{1n
zwzy^*`fJW_mEUt}NaJeK>78ltA~1h>USKR(8`$eZO{gXGHQ%O8*VJ6`)`$HfQ2T<f
zwuHZ`V<yKLy-od<bNZthcJ6`3?iz}iVwOwvtc}~0YB&q&S>0|KJou59#k1|LX#W6E
zV@n${#Ne+ZZB1n4WIj~pSr3bV9fPukhEkWQo068=#BCfktHYC?s1_WTRRVv&ZqN?u
zCTf!iwx;6LI8t4@1=F`mslZ}O4yn|K45=<O)Q{OrM=beJJI?JahUy)=J1H1mKQa8o
zC$x%cC5*xxf;ih+7(yRTnbaB}RRIjP;wporXU7;{FNZtQt0vzPJC4s0rO#06F_0G~
zOIzZkl!?gnn3-`S2Z?|>li7czV>la)&FxPfr__&w=43pY_O*>H%1f0{8p7n;wy9tN
zGZr^*5#g_84Zu1D09KgCLaSlQp|QoUv}sbVi*$OoshW_tD_e=8BzqON0Nc1zDH$zb
zwQ_>q;JBvj#F8@PLZm6SoNJEK2nNF31?ksa&b}L1*G(EBMr#GR7Xp8ukf22sfefb1
zybUmOb47=mPcfjb+J(tm5y;dS)V+YF+IpbzjTk0*BzJjQ?7&>sr$Pubfm3o&+|mmW
z^9Z%T0`;rXBH5CL+>W%a*Nf~4WY6kKW$Mx|#P<3tXQf5w<l)Q8I2!(yZMBm2J#61m
z<}vy!fAs1w#gazg8Ipf9-Fu&=mE2W!C2ISNey5*EafjYJ*mn&DVA`GQ6Z!o{W5rPH
zU+(_^Z77J+IE@9}v;wM%Duy-Eu!Pail-h`umNEE<<La#ro%y{dCK1IqeOrZB^z<ey
ze3&F4zWr^(QC-nnW=#0)_ksTagxaFcUAh#sL7G9o4t_?!{{Vk@TB{5U`SardcFek-
z&iWLfj+{GSa=*gWxzl1@pE6d@DvwUuhlThKU}h+i7}6-kl>kv*NA)*U8Cf4C3tk8h
z<`Kc4v-`ER`j4xQor&c{f7N7MN7{?`pY~UXxVIbjn!T!iXXr(lE`yH)K|ULjbfVmz
zbvXN9Hy#qZw@81xhjr_6KzX9tgKt5to|Pat*p5EyJSW$vqi4nzU7%PIZ72|(kxBr!
zmdhaZ8ye4bc~P2d+sAPh>PcyjV~^~t+-LG<M?ZCi{YJI=khoXx`VAq8f@jDs;?SwN
z{715|+09{{d(IlMrqM1;zG2oO?vIPV(MQ{1R#gBCRb_v5i3_>1jwZCNQc#Xt-Py}C
zayo=K@=XvwnhnDGMPj?Wj$O^&wI++3Jaf*{B8`6k05eMhMQ)TM7V=)YtGc?F5-Qc!
zskJgjI(~GR86tJ@M%qmn`^(xp#d|nrj%d<om^5xKtT~GCo%OHKdWgoC<z+U<l=yG{
z8=tYOJ<5Mdm8veTFnUa^Wyy?kbkz@iChk@VFQWiK9rdE7+ERT(AADw2<UC+=9lol@
zt{gI~r3zw4U=Mw4#<x|Fab7*^Ss1Uh>}>$mTzjM%*GAcn&G4x;rHs&&@+l7`^d$bu
zGz)kmx2}@NjQqN(;%)6T#xZE)3HJ%(*;(*38fAa;5Qi5J#CKPlk})1kv8xtH&egwX
z8uYGgx_{tTn+JQy{{R!Q`e{xXrqcHof-@#&G<M@4C(ynsAL=<n^?jcNN(Zk~P4u+i
z)gt@|&Gu6Hn5mUEeq-^8!bW`pt8K-Te22Q5!ZNF<vg6MRqe`|}1<|=06?7*jIo0es
z7GHm#fS1+c@HeZ4c>34<Ig}&Je0FOImg>KWYByBZu<NMqWCjzF3hEy0zJ?d9zMC+E
zIu|+(!v2G$Zgn==+qB#xH@$hj1Rl!EYbwan+z&&Z`3;;UF_8pF$dX$_yIwU&;}Z19
zVLyL;y*irJ#8u4cKyf8>{pv>$5gsgOmg9f+R8I~=ODCAuf#c4-XH2o_Q3Jq@eHX7Q
zD74Z6@gJ_eE-~BDJqXpM^hAeVof+J~oxH79{+hdOatEfo;FlxGW)iZ1Knu8v8$84f
z(y_ndCXWuHk^Zq5#$y_i!GJft&1A9HQcZ@HW;Q!XxhILL>8~+XlnJnnFPs#J);oWE
zJpHtMQ0xVm=tv#Z3}~g9NQnzr>uy)3p^iv=GX7g$<R1D?G(e7P_<`apir8!Ft9fMZ
zH!Zl|LBg!_#zxSuai#X@e@#p1Rs+hPkjyy?)_l<I+S{%qvGi7~gZ(Rh<^GDslOdmA
zAPt-;R(NwBGbPCa!rEN@Rd_%O=dyp)Anfc5X{n;6ytxSNtKpJc$#!ER9jZv=YIjPp
z+i0*BB$~WH1Ra%W1>-capi2#mw^g?QEko)EEgKVS6R$dB200j=-sw<Q)LG<Qc2Myw
z%G{fgsr<pf#tCC()DwM8jduKjaI!M0jvLKCCs4;z{>D8!=yGS{ylkTp6L^2N;ly8^
zT)sq#EZGbR^PF3j^HcK~79>vNyLqBR7<D>WUesmBh!1v?vYiU?#syk=*?dy7sNxxk
z6~)N|aHjl-h_>42$B${Sv7^ay7mF8>#Dp_1D_Z@OEv1^_cygjLZM704Hr>g-%B&<T
zi`l^8z}3a<Z`njDdpOrx*V2EJV@c{nNYXyiNz#lUJ4bOM{;H$`?ruO99BH&z$zU7+
zx}RQ@n-Gktv9|XLs&7q_BW-0j2eQ;`pcZ={cEW=DNU{TddeJ%+7}U{^^#@Z$QMp)i
zEVM!TkEt8jMs3=*tcx~+tasRsT=eXx2u7&=OVm#VkJx{0Nc~IHcx-=**ne$fsPPNa
z2OOP38&YX50!Yzc)j6Y9iZk3VS($mVW@Q|SO`VObGyo0)yU1eOO_Q*>u%a(cd#ibo
z8-6iIv~VfFUgYtn5aKeQ%$O1^-W4P3qK=<6?dC;m{9~Oaq{ieD08&S8v_g6fGFHY<
z2|IWT@vAgVyKp+%)J%V9+G*A_Wdz>D=qo{bW>MDYeGDl!#-oXq91<&BlY4O$6Gr52
zB-wjwWBOiEItBhJTR#IP9Cne^1zTL-wvui`5vdp{x;I;!++3eUFd*;YLFqm;ls2Pq
zzp|N^V2~mKw6@-QQnsuUz?W2yZZ*OC!m|`O({-=kTHR7TnD>7y2rMiGWox11u9bB7
ziRuxe^391Qj~>c*90QKFxZ}c+F7DSOmAG28vC#aAFdCA=^qlc2#{!I>md9QO)t=kc
zlwRbHb*Cb~koG6tHJ-~A)Uz9oBb5~sILSJOH@9wrgtIs|BKOet(LA(rL~U|v>xaat
zvVqzTwB;>D2JU|xI82ea$&H9nbYe6#(Z$DbM(9XAgnruc84!7HR@#B7p#XUuYJS>z
zOeLPc^vDkekK6sV-_nzlNB;niU3oWKTWG&%C!JN%xZ2En3AG*_LRr7maD*y>b}=qI
zEAM)J6ozuJNcXM0Ts>5_4ovt({G>-O#h&E)FH@7Bk(Pf@NU8#xjlHzhT4SDMz|pG!
z$Q*VW?3)i9U@f@~X^7&DVTst-uqM{*HC&G?%3vDpZ8W7m;qVv5SA3OMBF&|4;^Ua4
zjGJk2Eze5x%Pff|<sdTJ+FrJ>dX_}8Br_@z@u;!kMbp;+jG2z!tj*p}(O#+mFnUr3
z)60yre(`@BjbTTMC+g}uSQhjRYg6?M{$3G`Xk{UNTum0wiYJ-oZdjH)Sdx8o??)^1
z%A^8WNK$zkN{xW~I)*!P-*0Y}qtS@d={uv&$cXc~_8Jsz^8IJHxgW(xh<SZ%j!sy6
zMJ?6T$C?~*@UZlX&yRYSz|f8qn<{)K1gkigP8)xCoBHcsY@B>(nn_$o6k_C^00Wg%
z79gr-E4E31W(SBC&{v-QS)3RrPD94eH~#=AsH*a539}P3Ir^4txsSn)*w^7fz)*^U
zHK8ae{hTO)gK(~>jR-m{N%AL1AU9|2;0H5XT{8_a3oWlGU>W(HX-<NF?$HiJF!qYm
z)pCF4UekYJu5J6-SyzUqSMBLnTRt!?)W+FID;ilyyCV35sRZ}hoa&3YhTdZ4lvw01
z8pOUbY^pid$~;b8EV?k0A37LfU1X384!}5*PQ?I?1Z%)mjtXLk7=JS4O8vWs4?r|V
zDvDW+fYg&%(y1&R8=Ibekw<ii3%S~gE=hl{H`IEI=04T%z^B5!z2>deI+JC|<;HD}
zr%%LtX&UIQV=U*jq>8PtRy7<di6Yh2*RG&pYHBKKi8{Kvx{%LJ(7Lb8Mlok^^$`yX
zAHKc5ky}2V72s9gH(4V)WJ7gfUcaODCF&UWZ6}XO7wTc$YYoaqQFXTl7AR96AjW^f
z@XhXDk@#te6vYIH4~47%?769uC6+RcrT89T@-!8l<%yw?etaZv9}<teJvAxH3s)er
z1>}xCSG|Q6ck)WGTaGL{s1ZuDWFw6&a6#owGWnBPwN17?;MD1<Tm)sy@{UAXuVvjI
zua#!TEPzw}QV8LMZPlb;x9+5e3RZuP2HQ(kJ<&k<jEPU&K%?t4xgYkWJo2V3?P@j)
zd0jU%BbnWAP_;`(Wa+ry3Ws6z)gd?T73<_inE2z8?mtyy-k$wIHvXdO4w0&_+G{jD
zbWuf7&uv0gp_t?3MUcE=aNe$eMGP=J>$rkB5lx8pb7Kt5OpJxsdfpG+U4DO>^5k3^
z^}Padk<xMBiB;I%l{T+E)N%Zb*`gc+U40F$bM3fxsiVp_e@o533F16sZ=luXK$(R`
zinq6~TF(6~DNM;><mqwgQ(B!!i1Ii5NKf$AcV70nl$qn0{%n`#&137YP409}bntz3
zk&zmwNmFkVvXSXy`zu>N^7?-|r!%xxwsYg$gkU>0ieJOVrCq|V&@|L(P!*hzIG$B_
zVv<4NvD?Pv53aPqAel?H<HXc#u|1UU$;?indwt<lF%)|n4juZ^@<V}TEgkk2QhpO^
z(7~G>=8NWK*t<x18&VIhl5oaAE;Q^KR|V9L+8$6Ikbg(#o-NMBe`S9`Z`0sd<%9k2
z*ed~IQxO8(b?u<Yy9$OvEIqX<tC(cp%*g2<DJtU4zEY$hxi_ymM<d6!i4gD+!&{o`
z5;%Z+DWw2)$T}ZcrXsP4x!m!fw+`-lQ=Kg!nqQWcl~zNeHxETV0QDj_jZ<lL)4sXn
zjK*x^+gpS5_6_g4FZ_Rhdbs|d!1$v70LQMTS5S~0E-=U$2rIB~?WOv|q;jG#JGSn)
z;cM2$Cr^VAGRGopJOCq4rm;Uz+vinPfwW_RzdDqqgow=PC5qpNIv<2D6IL3iw-HzJ
zn5plp&;#No=*b%E#*eVn;KtrbwY~0i$VVK9(^=W%rJ%OMP*;CLOf*v#xUe0SX%g1p
z4UOpmktoztc&!hUvEOOA(v`?>9?&%$Xqfr_LhWpL<?n0WwR#c6gBiW<J+%c{Z*nbe
z7p(`+jT3*$!bPvfm!GPniqMQ$)VQ|wCgS|+Q=S8cf#DoRk%m*4#k?lm>qTPd{IZAs
zJynLmfzyep@ezN@)lCRLQD~bf{FV<LfL86&g%}sq*jq}AT<SU1fg?Z#jSol!RBHO`
zb3~DB2_5wjDc-jh)|vALs&T^rZM#}c<e@l~3xOk)9NO2ns*5D@M_~l)>N(oqT@1#;
z<bpNfQzI!*inbu!o74P71W7d04YE08>>yPDTZ;}AWY~W%<^o46S9k**zV9pXqo6@X
zR3!LpE4(@Z!s4duyTl1zU{##L))9sWzSIF`iVGV*4jRx(g%<_Awa&W^(``o)P(|%-
z7NgWX2v(3C9k~2Qg;<ti6{Kyaj^aqD2ybiJxQh}A8dDS+y&+XrU9G)A9xGdwH0(@)
zfEL}Zn%aMZ&=9<Gg&VaTJr$~9e}TP~owa3P#_Jm5gJJKDYZR6y!;dQTU2PlWtjbpI
zwj^4x(KbphZ?2T;@DSU;F%;SrQ?DL1xrY>w(_*rd;%nNm8*ygZPZMEU9Y3w);X;_H
z8ZvGtb6)-`Z8n5GCOZfmvbKxQg<~TH$=rRx?{k0pD^oMBWX+7w>_rlIOAFRHg+mLt
z*IG#qS$wuvWhejuTZO1-7>*Ta(OLGBam3RYuq=_apKXcbPYVOgNVrKhoiy#J5t0ET
zT`g*ESPXIR+z9Lxy71-=DFO~e$kt-42N22)M6)!-cPgM;`=Y?!xue`p>yyOZtK_i&
zfuVn=jYA<=qOXEbbku1}5CK~qFGXJ>H7O)uxi<}aT7q7{0KP6~wuFJRb`=K?9H<9I
z7e1P<LfRPxhKtIlr{;9;l#V>PyqRMp1t8kTzL}9Rav*lZm`!j{+khssX{R8c1J5k6
zDIv+Zww9+b=7{8`!>z`awIMnf=P|adhQ@#0qKS&kvmpar+Miu$(rQ9-dLEw*x{R{h
z+)H}RCHjhO*%3p@6tVQRYhmpMQ_YAM?b5u*R?FYiCTm?oZ61ZvrkS^4Fc&weRw*oQ
zKI^IaYp{|`*-UW@05>xp0)aL|Ld=pTs%%K%aa!?#bv+Jg^17sQawSb@Nr1UMMi+l=
zV}urA+Hc_%o77L3F=iTXML$umMTo8C2^?AEvk}-i3c>I!rhZ&_c(P>4!3Kl0@)h&>
z<&z?3o>O@wJB@9Ars_X4mGY6F$%EhTf9$L_4oFDG=^WWdd98Nq3SSZ#MmC|5@S7TE
zH>FR9D2?X4g+n%;9eGl$v!J^s;68uy>-1Hoo{SoNP~SzF<LdaKg~L6s=@sa*muFCM
z!t6(=it}AMIYvwwrAUQj0ZHa>UZbgvxuN?)x3ana0CJS3bpF-lu4rF4UL|Aj+Txk%
zm_{Y@<sX{k!VleE&s|0m{L>e8{FqpTKO0}_6{Tu!*hs;svlHq*99MpEm2rRl(hYfz
zvDFSk9DH{Ck?*kk-NU+^{X^AE&U$_$cvt<zgSX%nh++yXyt!7pbcHO7TY>~CYmG%{
zN!13Xs!5;@uBfh{VXA5>X_9qybxi|0kA;^e7D`VaEf{hj@dwjDuC?@})Pe6Ho;-+>
zXpPau$Ly+484kG-j~se1A9;Td5ngxn{{T`r^ZcCW@})ioJfHh()Ymnt>tj^q2tp$n
z&9hZ2xleJYRcz(C5v3~d`57rHkIN+g0CkVpX|ZaS#|BqfYt0OOfU)|i8`xj6nCdUT
zJ^Le7UtbeTNNp1y>K_ArwG|t2<^G-n?@Yt~Hm2+ws)gkYK}8EO2a|u(@qQ^1<GBXo
zR#`U9osfRu<LDQvMsJHewtU`pZ1Q|kHN8gE3((A<>&1?y-SxrA;-!5x(+514xvK+I
z1l53UR-g}8`Z9aPm55LB+(^EM8vP=#`i>pBQOpLCEsv#ZC-lZigRDlapvXfR^o>P&
zZ`3gF!Sgx9!1|7r&wPJwPcrMFhtXv6x~wOY5~tQH(e-r$8Kk#~Rjhp?yskTWc~MF5
zx}T=KUsv&9N=L$N>#5xNRg`(mwI&QKduqi^X!W1=&_p@4{eqMVCF(FIC>2-NYtees
z-gr}zf={f~ajNws$J$9JTIpkJfOOMKRkr}nEOfoDYL5Ge9o2uPL^+F(EU|`EETfpB
z94v(KGFWn?V~~vjYYsq~xpyQBF&*U8wC7Qf*7HCohdN<l#{^#`J%*HEZf*sIM&4lk
z6yvCeB$7B3tS+*a_p~~DX-ARda$C`*5;XxyI#|@Q+?{mNnuH>Wy$26P>ek6ThtXCc
z2HOj3uR3rnL3e*I9WUE@PSL<{FC@7!qNyr9LYG6M8(&>%?xX<OZB32qJOOL=(N`!<
zK-3UqNf`*Y2c1muN{Bqg+sIIE$fCsS>7%TBkQOIhb=IFy7uav1BBdfG_7@_W5k_0O
z+UZjiVM}dW@S;Km#4JAVJ!$Bg5VvR>!={Igb&lI@;lh8o$k8EnKu91J*PTOiz-d5y
zGKMz4hs10zO)90dZ>E;RX7X9o3$&a&DV1=}66<m=Yg94GOBR`wISLdI2WhK_S&2Kz
zu+sEZj4KzgxzpK2iEdlbM1kh=RQco%(kNy<s#^EAE_8f>{-v%j;x*DJ3T+*=_phyJ
z+rT8D$hLpf=X$=?7Hw=PnBlsH)6i;;q!XZ{$qFzC>|uKw{gg;r6>rQ#B3j!)wzbx>
z@D{yUUE>9S8grmQ#z#yXabEubzf<!)GyakP0FII}Zfn})>8E`fEUbt|)fZ57QaRAq
z@gRm5E2o2X#cPkpO35=9B?(n#y|2RcRuVL&i1B|hu4QmRZ7-;!11#v;?s9dZvJ2>H
z(o9%t0JjTKlwcJX$Y5+PHgln90;W9y2BT=bH@5=T`G&t{%3g0JTnL+bfyUO>nqmiG
zZFTIfD`E)XHLC|x8Bjc2&vB{qBia{f;cMTW85)3c5Nvt#s7TDL6-|j8O+<#q;-G79
zs)T>AHq&Dfz=fDgAdIQDqWAVyn;Rc#E0Cpt&{*q01gSPq#@YkQiRXsfc$GjF)0wv#
zPC_y_(z=-GzGmplvyp2XTGgn(t1-6t;E*0<5Jh>-S%GZ{t|&aSt<5-Gb!58a(d%7t
zI*^JuQIaUm=H11Q4po#Lm97T7s-SDcaN~bOHurafZU&qnO{7-dE9y=4wRCDc)c_ll
z&xJ7!%zIJSL$7U2kxRSG1OU2=5v3{Np!$)K6Dk7Bv=gOA$jVK^k7(gkX&t}~BQl;w
zi}JDF#F|-4QR)Innl{+nM}09A5xh!m?4WH5NUbbLztQg;uc7Xu+5*&9<=63g>c4+3
zx48}Nr*@t;6;@HYz-w8{FC2tSdr2DW^wFY>7?6Ww*;UMQ8>3rw!4~0DA5%q5qa6qw
z2`2SfXi^6zAZ8<pA$6g7dli8f<6}*KP>8$A(1KV15Fd8klu10Nh_q?}WjC?D+8b+t
zBRW#WJT@SJZ_ba?`itPCiLg4cxg>wvUKFvBOksABVQbWkS$6AdHlnGe5XHoapU$1-
zAT7yjdTP+0%|oXnRyfjVEIX?3W3inhVW}ZUq?&S|P<kU0o}SY=D!?>>hJ<OQc=is&
zxoeix-o1ZakYn`28t7ipuiIWpuWJu@=shNu*A^=qf2YEHyiNezWsw|?ei46a$?Ea#
z%9=hJ?)KKNMuo9)-Uc^lvQ(4%>q>Q~*!3ccH#C+CJI<7*H#?%MnwtGC1<l35FRI3Y
zoBO(2wK}$Nz`&Oy@7ru+wc9~J=-85AV5U6Q^G6aj73co|RP{8-&yNB(1u^w|a55fV
zp;1-kcv=OX43bH^F}pFl9@2knQ>J04!<Rj^a&|@dKt3butdeWcbaTI=NSt=FeLB{=
zn63p~L4KuA^$@uG@sFahivXteyVrj+4-RhYeFCuTU4&{b%xnckG&SI8z?-@xEI-31
z>#dx)TP)$aXdWxOb}wya;Y3@fHYhusNK^sLoojm@0R$@@_Z1c-)b4+0>MB{+DCCVJ
zK^hAx=mli;?yPZR`AlQ}s!^*C@X+)0nt!QhM}dmdzOBMF_?Yk&;~q&Sk>`}|mP2+m
zdsLjg5tW%mK!U^8d6QCWtE+NKItKLi&{<0H;oC<wQ$PT!(OCx(p`kUw*G~EX>gtN>
z1|FuOrkMv+)K^e4YDIrQsh|lJ>v}g(`Mhx)hVw=&PsF^B?XM+F;ATE1Ldp$={9cNU
z%K0Ly;hxcvT}n2f=x9*00?|3~r_#KQUKx^j)<ocHnMnJ5*uR??Ht!tPxq2F-37gEC
zSr6ZGeOxLXcN9;Flzla279I6yfH`mu!dUu+3pP3;Dd=cVXX<~rY05Nt5B^#Oi{RxD
zE@pO6J8pK>_Ydl_pYq^Q{6_U?G=~vC%$srac#T@uvPKs8o>{SBBSB(0j_TBlqYR#w
zj4ZRNmsafqk))+vvPz!|upZj<gn2zBj{+jvJtSJUZQ$o<@tXk~l-T_hD%Lw+L(8zy
z%myXx1KU@h7D#_z%bg0b0f0Qg<|=>+OktWSkocl-;@!r+gzq0w>1If^N#fj>7O$Vi
zffy0ay|3wse9n;?6Ra%ppFlSsL9BO{6XabUPdUQJn6FnedEGFdiYxsU=JMk5vSp9q
zaz2{g>F?%rpg7qXeV3@diIyRS82N}v)yg!EdEN9Bk5YfgFPi55;o82cf2TI=iQj;Y
zQ3t48)=a0&nT_=<P3r2h`w;XxD8!A#+qRAJ%X{43tAgz$fmrx#cnZ)EE%hYQvuTYa
zXZZp<wzd^ANUi__fu`q#Dm}g*wvZPh!?v2vLAby_y5QSdJ~j7i?%UF8g>)j?)zM#&
z_ETz5m70Gn6+vtE)HRC|4f`)lL~zkh&3nvzHU^4t1i(HZ0T^*Eqw6%J3rEtriBNVS
z2T{VVdS_L&wx`iV^ZK?VCw5dpP-vv9F}ERV8ugB*S9h4Yi|T@wdI%p<iNm6xyM-i=
zM;gk$mbV&l@-k<a&XvJ?70_5%(0*Na1>L6$imHF8z~wTI%)vqB!jBeIsE8PY8d~Dq
zxz%1E7+C3Qj|q*2?Rit+ClWvNy*-$bpgaLX_8OJVz(yx%l(w6ENovajhk2&p#PdOA
zWKs=?V`Eb4kVxP491uu2r%oU}3o9=kXhd+r(K8U+%U?lII$Wmqc=h~Zg_Rp)7~*23
zg4}=YHynFtitq^@z*lTi7gpa!OevN?<%Pxd9rbR55uYAF7%4^sf;&ZOe4L*cx1y!Y
zvC0#TCIs(b%gaq@`1-T@DS?L8_s6oiF}$75Uv<X|Qic+bGm#lN4`Xi;(uW{@rsn$a
zrl$bP=HGalr<5IaTldqQ2f(CpZoi0&TS|YVs!1SgM3veDv;f<M@7Y$4Ttb(eKKqgi
z0cvV>6KWt;K?7deu@_eCrU&%mHE9Q>MM#eY!P_%-5LVRN1SE^&Ur5r7!LGzxiRV+~
zAe~ht3@$83rnJvOk%?g{8|%-V4<MVVk!K-IyXw;^@PTd`+gj89fjzX5E$K9j*v5Ye
zLKX}`KJKGRAq&Z|G927m_R~u1N*8EN2OTMdLT=!IZ+n_4+y;kIC~RVJmO#Oy-Mc}4
zRYIf<LA^Sv<B1hwt+bom^465Yk;`ff^jiW5K9f+&190I_%m|F@p#p?eHiFB`vY(Kk
z8N$gUTz9p!AQ}sxM+nHu>-SEFS~7n#v+RwW9>B(@<)va-mCJJ`<mpa%iU4r+)CD|;
zvY7yhHMk*dYh2Mqfl|6#OIw{O7?@c&fOX+iVC$hIcT=t6*HdF}Z3iTH#kA6zc?N}#
zri&`4l$$NT?`d5WXye4ePkmd<xFA^a(uUOb2yj*gjXm-~za_m-nG+HV8y<fG)m9rA
zDHinAKKZo}o<}VfMFEEk-n3bG+QP!KqrKOdy>7`1lxDTGskZ<|DPqrZINsH*f-it?
z_^Ta*ZynXO(?#$PJz9%sC8!lb>OnTW4p`nItPX_Oj&x`eL4C(gRWm7Ks!gs=qNJf5
zz<kK`*2c4fNvKhKojnz&nGAn{&;~MG8!s_H81q;Vhjr?cgbYk81|;cB;-fTfMZ$~R
za^YPxQYww(Zu6x8q_G0Pl^=M6PgDTK$z3$Dts@oDEH&6T&_)-8ZE<T{dg<76a^j64
z{H9eF1%=H`oai-x1~a({w$Wg1+f88O@9LoPL%qAKEmi)jAS4*zC3}CXN29Nq=VY5*
z&4s<Dry$Iq)Y($}%y{epjTd_D;%}z4haAZy=ztyDmc!Rib=;3Lsmw;9Eg1AIb`}c9
zkMnGQF`Yt=z-v_1YNv@1+i+?|LN;}{+9^k>niyh!wG_l%V~@<ge=0^M{{U4gH~5%`
z{u5q@r$_#oCShlh7x;fb(zD#dPoY$JV7i8CVPZ>=-*j0=YaSKz*8)P!;_Sqdd(C<e
z)fqBPnevF=l?96q*FUnb8CiIbU0&5;Pcd7OOUR?ZcMcm**lX7GtY^iEu_gE36_JNy
z8{AiuQas4dEz9-SwUF)VSk1~<*-xj98_z^KEm)Rn`JD|9IG%sr!)nCGx6H&_fMI&{
z47cf-u%0OFN7q>$Ck*Cgg+I%W#UcAWbrg7Jk4A0ud@zCXNU)HT8uky1*IH!QT-2(C
z01W`p3c&qM)y_J6jyqa;2j(#Qh<?*aCu?BMxJF0nKBM!wOB@V#<B~rKJ++>b@{m~e
z@}YnLu&%D8l2Ct)xX8`w3AF$*91p6j93DCvVI_&KsIH(6+f^%9uB8KzK2mm9QLHPd
z$Q2dU)zrjwO+`qc2?DyNx`B~hQ(Z_6o`uwmFY@vq3HNW=UX&2R<4|}S@IaLzfw3Bc
zUZbM*5s?s$kBDjLHID5#qU!h+&&Tp*+y~{!sO~()FN%LJm@mOs>#f<~S>iFj1JAJX
zHHnOm7F@B(?<Iln@2podp<ZhoM&{Zinm{!O5seX6*%*=k0G5o$*>AR%+*~;0<~U!b
zoLe?zt;#sUk4qY=@iW{}2*J(8+mr}5^WTSNwXfCN%fLvv$iRA(UX_)1^&Dj64b2;_
ztdc%7F^hk&4EuX)Wx(fpvmQ9S+=!yJ_qv1aqyC|A-A~ILB8^9^>qY4C`MpXja6ry}
zueP)LguZ`L%9oLlsPr#}uZXySuSxnsZE~^i$84Z_d?vizZ2p&hol!N?M0n5sarIR0
zDXT8JjCHv7bqNi$Yd5r0-4TOgI(9K0(L?=79jAYeLHCm0!%@&)!d34Eu-1lvae#{(
zEQ7A*0QxknkQ;E+TD5WjhZ`X|nHYObWa>y3=UUT?A@C2=59fe;4QiPqUSg2PbsH`e
zn-OjYN|`#8v9*#k0CTnKTJmGiW=1a*r0@U=%4T5q9_`MwdHSwok$G*gQMA!%RVMs(
z=T(1I1iXhvQa_pEJXX}mjQ~;{cihqzwTR<f2`qO2L8k#QIgqKj0ANnM4e5QVO}>hp
zWkzc<Uyi<tIfYS&eJwCP5?&m5OkwOd4m3p?TH1C|B7##8bv8j$8#2flPl#~1sh*=2
zWdlGo^i@dK_WCLL^RppjRe0H-LE-xAj#qzI=8<~^IeiHfg+ZDyMuh97F42R&!`(K$
zXtrlm7gCXEE_AH)G94}gvDe$invf_^1^^vtsGzYM$Az^7YkHVrQIeur2ElW=hytBe
z#1dc5LW(pShZ>t(mP$z(K@{W^Cd+eUR+1D&+^iexsGV%=K+uvw?bfU!VmN73=MH~;
z1e%C}&X3dv42;gDqj6#f8;aXKa|>uCB(d%l=6r^|4%|m&5jrwoW7GctT*6%yA6{Bi
ze_MuU@?wdDHv+_1dn*Dcfm_(=&(lZ2jHYyBh41xLxXK@k)NSJTm>o_1wOG-_b|jP9
zD6@Hhw$aY1`I`=c{H;-v#dFXjN9cb%XnsSL-KB`rQB3tgqzAQ4BP$s-765i>R;R@g
z#Jj;}ATU0?C}!(*8rrG0;;yPKO)hRm-z5hJYYPe}n<5!N*5in|t3wXt1nGJ+;|pqT
zZN`&mA+c#QvK)opRYw~hHCWuK<9^RwRz$R$d+Jp{ZEe^!s>Bi<18g6b%s7ACbE_Ue
z#=_mzsfj;E5Jr+n1b|tuyNxv8(iXww3P`xQBTrpJo<o#*`>l=D{gn*sehqHRSD?2?
zJSSh`t}yhY!gc;JN1){%az;X=0C;m6P>io)x?0w?xmNE}hXy<;8Yx4*fk1G0n)CaB
zHahlGT4)KW)T)+Oy0w^aH>-dA&PWIISn@VCS0It})LnK3+5>Z{*MQ@!g^p)gcX^g(
z8oAd_%F}>h$r7}gYO)dHQaDyrK1T89lBsP<i<|PMJie9x08l~fD@lma7`R&7Hb0`W
zv&2GTvC1SC9wqv!^25^>Co$v~a6AiZT>B|#V@CuKZa7*1pFm*0gqFDsm0N9p)Li!7
ztrYXd-U||YuU9zN7X(-vQ2e&u0KM%-7~cd;(@89W<p3}i&{}|f<Ehq;pu~JiPMkC}
zHYmigzPtsguEKr6sbyR98j8>zXE3jp+X!K6+SHAf-TsQ^D0qM1(9&RsVmR?c%{*Rf
z_JeB*)9C|t127gFn!}Ejgs&ifMvp?RZ%uk0fVb(*`^{5jfB_!eMfCL5W!vUPFUIt3
zn(95GtL3Hdw0kQ#E(J5J0x>#jE)Bk#QEV6@$+#U!-_DxqWzs0jb_6xJTyUg@TCcqf
zY~08eHKJG~VIfi(iQQ{`?bfPgs*HDK=Wni!)1<|l%~mOks2~%gdun=rn!>o&N!C^*
zcoc*6Qp}E20D~t0K&v5PCp#{bJdB77ZHoJO5-nNwB%OHG)Dpv5uM{a^%xD{Sgy=Nw
zt^7=h@cLJpxaHIXA#K0{4PnSMu(i!^^;Qt{gAmfls6BdAyvJ}na>~-?11kRjIs9MV
zHN5HuJd5y4!_Y-y#4kL5U%tOxY&F@lV(;8Nlx}NYg;9HKP7X8Ybx2W7qmDD@{^>sN
zuDvHw&5NgDzC&rWS~Tr$3bdE$n3P}~kUV(|ZhMnKSf8ph&R0?SWH*ZtSoRqYA7=_a
zR`LBLEH36ulDv{MlAF7d%zMtXGHaNdYAdIMC2^K}Y>r0Sgz-9mar9Qm8x@cN;u;Wd
zUdna`EF6K!fIr?9;#<xNcMwIj?XO}E{)vqL00@kaRcE}uJ>adrAqxeQHY5Hf(gEg3
zwL8;rBf`fKsPP?K_OYttVTm&vDYZbV6n3?>H1k<hl57T~o<gxI&w!Uy>JjwpH_3fS
z(lq#-@D<=>l3ApGd8TdB%6B_=n$hc>NxF_@)c*jdhU*IU_PO-dX|A2R_^zzR&RJ7k
zdg_|cL|0c-8UT>xd&OKjo)jvnxHl94&FU{i#p&7kQTee2SkDGyLdc4IXWJkQqwg;Y
zQ<#zUCv|lP&R*K;aK#}v3Y*td+JPJ@!qovqO@#v{;;LkS0;a;Ekj~zFDt8{rih)2D
zB+;;PpAvPH9|_UNbq2bIr9d9{5_QOhTpQeRpl4%^>yiem;ePe)^;RE1>LwTYc@Kp9
zpR&D8mDgQC`)ii<@o;Nb#KguPIDz<!dnvqsc6mM~`T(^Fp*Z<0oKz_>`VZ`;AyBx$
z4to7GrYg&S-1k{_5rKF0P<{pbDTf|!SViR&clOZm7j|sV*`*T@@9KGS@<12aTYu2y
zdcNTBw#S#$^DSkGNFACBn)2wyiDSiyW9d5Ap^`$K2QE>^Ds6!JPQOKAm^Ok(E;XX!
z2&F&KW%9G)Z-vyKLGYihkfY(Y+=V@${Tlt0tfs7gq<Wv!>fTHeD7aTB-`*O1RHs63
z&5(W(_13pk0)Ce5$G{wVwXBYZ{^C#F`)i$iTI6a|s+&8f3&>B=S)j177vowzZ~e~E
z%-`sx02>q$TGt5>^(l?4>RGhcjb44bt`3zbpoRMCvfQz`y@ju9QN$jF0)|oBtw4^%
zf;fwRQDBN$iCC1g4M-i7anti}e<}O4r|KsnzFvaEg%0-C`Wxw5Nz-#nuIOKA;!P$M
zRJP(di*w^dhaN{__@6_d2AOD!Sl@>V7BYj8qXI3;v;<lTn>>`30LEQcX7g=)JgBfo
zzCgTmsq)YpfOVtdn8rrXJX=YrYz(~AQIjBl=W+E=wi^wqSlagniPXvYiL@T|s`%VB
z_(ffuR(cavHh^0Vh-D!0s7T6wX+z<$*M%`I-NxkDfx}v+y9(a+q^&7nZm{1%`4b$F
zH%1p|(%k7y6dwiY#of7$tW`<Yf%6jcw!PHQnKKaKH6u<Pf}2#(3v#3kk0S!szYQyY
zabsNo<7%7Y2T>r0vWBUK$61GdhmC0YXfLL^ipW^*+7ZW5O1Y3>T1e5hqi$X|)`<o}
z45(%%!3f-Y1p$x?>93}Try)<pYs4kQN$eLlrZ~8fHReUWy11LCk$v$I>aQ!5(G`!$
zd$-^2p^2td^234x*w|`8q>y;^H2U0skWG;a!01s_+^H4@vz#n$w%Y1N+NyCBMjw6D
zpIG%(5)peYruG_frjph|T2TX$1)q197y)giwX4gF=@U6X0Jf%rgFh60Ug*KpkSed8
znJN^LMr1re?xGyvQa6hg@s+Gi!PedMVt@gmwYw@XW0mm}VzC<PIB}z#e1NBaz}5iX
z^_$g}qBSvR19yi|PbwDDScU|Ed3IIzE%}lSRbIrK9eCEcf-p>=D_Cft1M90i^2|Y%
z%k36hj#bR1&hG9NY()(&yaJjfM`8H1P+NV7Hnmn@yRHWzPdsVEZSFYIbE>SC<N&2t
zEOuBc1SVEsfD#4uAboU6F{MO*GB5xR!VLtCI9|CxEV_18xgip<$apEKSmsvT6H&ks
zrD#|NCuus414`|eHwtZPhhm^lblXMZP{RHzQipR$NdObXa;;)6Y@qPg^_swmn06CR
zp!5bsj=rjA4me$RK0t}dw$dm}ge~>%(t@C#eyXijqBXu&Ghn$<kag#OT-ZBo!y+!@
ztz>OGv^KYWTgDF`rk9K65*?xsDFQ(D`@kDeb~dCMFes$$;zp+R9#GqR@zaeY#?}E5
zCe6BSs1a@&8b6ic;xrw!SWtOFo3sQ8h>g4J(SDu3^!K+A?d`14vG!|A;$-Jz2KiY^
zg2a{LJ%*-ykU{JOq_2&CRGN@uYkpYQxLUlS>%CbVD>@U-=qe@a-AY)RGRmsj5`xWd
zO)mx_{eL<cvP3Z0M-LLedHMS*GsWf$4i(8HB(CW69CfJ$OI-t1#4QGPO9rqJ0Nm(B
zkKF)viYZoOs5NgOZ47j|(v+l!4ZI8MxL(5g(NHD$i{FQJOGdYU@3l}a)&|tmOdO$=
z3i%PJ*K;k0uC)IEQO#_0kAZjk6jpX41D}n4JC>ULQ1_Mu><mw=ikSBxF(NjaGx*o*
zuR({5**W<rbVjn0JI5Npg$vCZsK1CGP&cn@(x3?$n2lVM->pvWsH(V3?8$NZFGzC;
zu!(j;r&7+`KAmfS!UD$Z#_q(kG3HLSx%#&}OO}{HfR7w*aegv4>=lI06>h#FbO2TD
zRx2;_5X0cYxfx3vdw|`?cV%k+qfjv809Y#v0oiI7PwBE?nB<waOOU0A92UogGx~*h
zU<24er{tSaq=QXrc~=)xUaO}QKS;#KLApsrfb3N|wRvZM&{wwoF@Y{GPFKhlnf=gy
z?0i6@bxl`rtA=XF8p9f(;G>UiV1B0Ro=is$Bja)Tq;dy>`s-t;W+omxOy2hd9j#wJ
z%gB=^calSLNj|etwMlaL4$lCprlz90OwPTkFHpv!^njbxUb>>@ft^K%4<jI6B=G!a
zMXAHb8Ch|EKy(h)W85`0>GESph=~AHL1hDwsdj;-B=qRKzL6iqsMkIBHH6!klE&om
zuS12eOt)ci^qTYMjb@&0+|!p}UQB-o<9;0LsFl@H`Gg@$)ZUkAjr<%1Th2|Oo+p)T
zVIji`o6`Pp<_PT4r_5`3RQgRJ$ZOYLg$m0g%NuBa3FX;FmNtpXHy$ANid<k36~I)A
zkSUDoRPC;*pb183*fQ}N*Rbfh%as69d}=sXj;A_qW8&m1DboBaJ<7@|t{Lod;PYbK
zqw^D0`$aFHfqfM85~R^2sBW$<DID?SBa!ZqO8&~_>D19Nev~wpUe-TF3kkMi<>eo~
z&OxJp;@&Qt?l|pcrLsYTqAYwGTMK^iy>y)7{X_ElM^1yBj?%F75ACFqE%4+uy~P&x
z)4g=<%EZSUAjez!T7!*c!OD}gs?&Hwsg+law#tpz!u5Q(gjo!rSxuRJ3@<{qm0F>m
z?;rEJN~z}&Q|cD1Zil8sm-v3#*65GsblA;*@5Fm+E2Vfd=1<-p!(88~8iMOePHE8C
z07<1o9lR?;stwc2t-ZnYQXUns1fJTo@Pw-@ENeJHYi&Fz6H3L|2p1X>DWqet0m_t+
zeq$PSa>Z)3f|0y|hQd_#i;XKm-aw3e$pwa*nnF95LEl;umhzZs!-zEPz)1==MB#sb
zpC|De3jhc=-F{VfCfjd%vm%=kcG`)E2-K!5!WqPcZoC<9Yl_|({Sw?|zh#N9KFedJ
zh%|UdnnH^y1D=|CO${fOESq1{Iw0UAC(&HF-5uKZbR&Ty_EtQx>|zTohhY>g%A~OI
z9?t4egFMUSx0@`Er^3ugzhygzg^?tGB3RK~NVcw^>D+5R_ic16In~r5bq%7PBvX1o
z;xsh>0H)_&;vsYR*Y?!6OwJ?uV1IpoZD+J-fZdxxrl(q%q7H<XAm2-qQy2`7Nr96L
zQq4Zq8&3xeZ^M;l#){4nkB6BQV~@2r?z;i*)#Zs26m+qY;{Lu==a&%UkzIg)Hqdw)
z^medax8N%hG!MCm7d$Q9Tae4s9yKz|7C-=Hxf;~kTm}<mSwIK0-mwsbaCU|Q`gYf#
zX?i-`{KDSa3zMy5Mi7B;0psd4EGH;6Wg2ipA1Oxe%jrQE*rwOxe?>jzp;KY4jVA(z
zZKc%*8@aHing@cGHwM<feR3v$=N1QE{>pIU;~l^1VHWQ{vbe{Ojy%}%BaxI?Ai2Fc
z<REJU78kJWq9!pLh;CQ7<wnN5!DP`%BzAD3MID*<YP(MBc2qk#Di)@DNZbs}N37Kt
zs%jYP$4YYjFI#z>G}E0X18%*IxE(K6zJv^7^?ck|#BjQp)ab0B@unMp^#@R8C`5K(
zLGbp{GR76cuDWrxsNPc*-EA#HYZwRx3`K!$G#uz6%4}^$g$uX?jg1`QF&eLZHsA&L
zf^-(|qTvV@YfSqi+I(PNQ$;w=M+y}2Isiq1@2JL{%^jOr;Aq>YFTIsuMwdfbnZgyw
zVH5d@VP_)Oph#wsgE8EHz;dfFcWp(@g~y_uYYs_zYEep|1(Z1Ky%5TUfC+1n!0@23
zu_{G~rbZO5E)}%^gH+>IN|QiAkQ}gAvEVJGaEBlZS^b8SZl~4ppUU&z;BX)smFwMA
zTWd?o`lzMiIbj<PUN>L{ybUEZ1sicU-E(VOg*Kn4v;4*L9ZW=j`0S$g?x5#p!;vDq
zB&yhrM>-*<H1JhR>}4`(ZWr#QB2&m*RqwbPJ*u%p<c)M4hMzGUQsj`g9m1n%)|e4X
z6}CuMk2?yh#@lXNa}#oOp)s@#A!Zj*aZw^NDBLu?H3|}z9j98RV6;ozX-+~gQapH_
zLGzFsa5@{)5k^dZ0Qz`Vc?7NPTKE~5QDO-4qH<J{9c{qTX#~g!0s&bq;ddd5o1O-@
zPJczU{{S?0cxw^NOzuIo$=jzZ(yZ|bkOZ+{T$96(Wf;efRf@<%as_yrhCof!gX^h|
zBdO(7*gycc0C1vXw2H(=KqPB=pDm7|O;gKY0U+z3qGTd}2FuxidjdF~Ap0oANkj_D
z$_cq%`a^8$0kZ||wv^TubeM?fB93KqyT`<7%B9yB9E36JL6t1yvfL=G)gyNWu@hZ1
zawtza%Px`me6726N~>CqWVR}w>KOf-g)!G*`JShbkA1tA#E(trSm?t#1|WgB0eWkw
zAN$@h<NzLj+tp52VF=*i?8@3MNIL;On)S?68yJ(K#<wTXD;J}~=H|;O)nj6Pd<7fz
zHdm8{<f-w_cK-l$YHK@ttdQP^k;*?cJd?;S(lKvs4G1!MNH4Gw#BdhjMLa3zf;7X$
zbWpx(66AAk7d5+ZlJpW%&77@a!;o`dtwE*wxZl%%8@K~UCx1xAemg>g?6nUn?bFBt
z<md-!Cb8RapGIBO*v04_Fy`khl8eI!je+KV=&x?f06c)C`eq8?;;dHu#_>ph5&e|6
zU+N2qh)^FJ^6viH9i8n6mXh=^y5~|kGq6+nQ3G$Y+gLPNr7fY<lXg9)`zR*5YN0`!
za&_x}jdfO-6IIftpwI_baUcyz;3^9N>FlQZb~J}K8c7D!X8}RtXj<em4W%#>qNAr*
z#@?lFPZ4fLy%u=1$I)3N`F&>?@B%<Rx>mPYkzju@wHgZ!^J<;d7E7RQ+G{1ccDNFc
zhDQ2zuRkEPjyo9Fpy_(Umc5J^de*RV1*edIek#do&3GVn)z#HNC?Np?TgLoPFe$uf
zP~=8|MUWQzC^6jrV|(w*uy#|uH8)Em_E|-2*??I(dgkTD1+1#2p4w?kbzX}<O;M2<
zGGeg+lf?<-e{F5_hmEuH0~;{`BmVCZOn#toA4Hln#!{#~B;V|)@^UUGo9M84*+s~I
z@PT1f>M+RNLRjJ>YLEdwiq`!-2uRvOIDM6n9OO>&f14pbqI9I3+4L>p0%+ug{JBM&
zh$Dd=qPn&-aK=O=FY^;v&v@nQtYtSB_KLX@EmKe`X^iUX>gqsxU(=mO#4%(#Nq;W<
zoN-@R*0!^t`HWXV?*Vo6itxDdGDtRmw$ex{-wO>?*SP7~qc;&J;Qs8Z@VfC8&$(Y0
z<cq7E2ssC*g-^d_x1`#s)K`4Cc!PsTJ&R0aN3$Vf1HjHC1M42z2p(r!i(7~gx2)CG
z&P>{gMqgIE-CrkZ)hvoXbXOv6>0}-<OZ8CqnKH8HJh!#|Cc>Fu7Y7v%h08sE>DlOt
zOA;g0$NOn5??+?((@Bcb&rSV033!;~WIlsgwN%g<>winO?wnM8$6-t2rrxzM94^P(
zQTke7n7Kgz0ETyaMKXxdbqlcZItM<JT=vE6U33-dEDVwkWyky?k$Zxyr%+ECXF5<=
zTv)p^k8P@>$#Mc+hzE7WtZLSOg5p*w7Tzy->p+n~b~MVxbFXDmNEXD~hdLAv%vv+G
z)rhzT<ablgmyaZ66&YBKFKPlb09oQ<d63*{uObuqNK_6?Z&ee(i7tz#y|r?SZADHh
zw2^N;q*25q-(D3DQr3dLKyhJl=%BsP$i2wYw3aQr=_!}<A5I3HSeP(>0ZX1efK(_`
zsO+o6)+`SWBCifKnH!cH607353v1JO5(M`wq??;@tA(_C`woVQHXM;`GHn~Q7GQPn
zpgXW7E((ekRtGC1qa~e!I8AE!(wIvqg(lo@XF4dX=5qGAzS^6c?YSCpqr{mso2tYd
zqhUq3aR8bendy@smmV^I!(s_#KSirMZH@2GjWLdm;<mgw({)J#AH<DJTbK`c)NM`9
zO@^k`Xn;7x6)maI9(7=rk43p0>Nv59Wv<CaniU)<>fi+y*J!mzP>fzS15&iqa7F}o
zOR-UN$CWnMijgGc!O$J?mbW4+A;Gb?tXA@>C?Qtb8|hgeEi2rAqLMYDjc0&aF>-_z
z(xSu?2^#iOFNrd!W>PFP7N8U)HHNimr=t^;YV`a03ABrEVXvZ|ZNx|p(xFKkeHEM2
zx|-pkiQ!ppcLGg_(wUR4hmFxORSN<)ZsB@|M%<6fgc)wk2wlfhMQNs8H<Rchgi9Sw
zjTRA%2j?qp?Oq>$O*XnnNqFGP$xz@IT|gv_DU`*N%4U!h*u2jhQZkr>{y}iI``T;j
zt}(F}XVbFgldQ&IX~0||37tgG<)H@e*;>ON1n|pKSe{Yxx9PV*M)KJmUgL<c<*hda
z<kmR2fM4d4v$LROhj1Y4;qR!<^P!O?x~`f4FT=W&mp>wZakf{wjX>LKO0$$Xfsqt@
zM<&_<9It8`#@5|?9RamC{Y6z*{VXg99k=1mhy7JA{>~%ctteq8Y@_oSbD}{c#!aS1
z3vSw^t>(KpP`5YQI0|D1F!?rM3fSCLy#%!?@fjNI#hbL69FT<9wzQ<jjbe6DVmKbk
z&&VVJV{7q$y+UoW;Xnm}+RVHvRwCewU(ruvM&<-7-^!Fhw3`A=@294%H<CcSdw8v^
zb*FLR4xzvoI#3wMFMb5+an7E?{y<}?+<8*7a5bpDY9hwF>_zmXnPN8Cq35p}(&|bK
zY5UcgEPGi&6jMNB_$hchJVw=Cq=8}@^P}{|fa6(z=Z-eqd@gKiI;2tgO3O5I3+kwD
zb)}yn%7`+zus|+0(+wf=Hr+_K4s}rzl^zjpRmL~lZKJaHro@3WpD$qpQ^XpeCims&
ztBhvstC;k*(mUvFAWC?^CD>RNHe2>nQGnpGj|eu>mS94FLBA@0r=xtU5G~>~tWv<d
z#KgOQ(?U&+#p!0AMp1GI2IE1cJ)X9JY0Oq=19uHR+A9zaTN;BaFviiwZy&l=+>H#z
z!r-T;N*ceG#Ku{D2AGE}iXV8NynAWsl!XGo8(VI^invy=YmnZ9r7*L{d$6!muA-Kb
zc_e01{t?2*l?l%PfVlY+9N0vR#Y2q`vb1`ChMisp>?(a#l@Eq!*swNX&#>0?(JY-(
zJuh_{Qns_u4Gx)&<Unpbaxr%G@D=8I_Gis!uv2*9@GqyGdTynZFz}?5aSLViodtMi
zkY4O{JWWp0mh26jYe{^4Cl&q&W%_EJA~@%Hi2=5#w>~C|jJN3yoZ_7O4Ljd4`dTi3
zwZ!u@F%IsBZYDBx{no$ROyEW4mEEdDcb?7Pc9iLiKc{2@FK4o^X>cqnXA%#Wfnz$q
z7d_^(nDSrTJ8&&5iyAbJY^p9zcrLfpA2%_L{0MX%{{Y!r{{X4_pOYWT#(ZCU_m2VU
z<6b`fy4L$Nh2;2|UGO@hy7d*Y2OHIYZ&P}U&@yjO&0$emP;|ukRLPsfWcO2$9rZT4
zs+L~f-LB%Hu<;>Yndg-TSuRT+Jb6*G?F`tm@>Y$g@gN;9Xy5}|+e`I*aiV|1r`cTf
zyL+k6<~r|0wwg;ymFk1b&yDz5)crNJ)}Tq9QT@^Z)3h7bFI&}Om$gHE7p?4n^SU@B
z_>doH2D-QPt33UehJf_1=H$oPif!n)tX!zsvsxwhoPa$hwt8u{bB~HYsMd7jZ&-`}
z08k3&Unkh;;DP@DNX`5_ZN|F21-`oKpEgt;J#G_w`^0*MX>`Q$;4(KLSk`k3?LqgA
zt6h+$2tX{-l|lXET{byG<KW1DaUzx@Y?dZVcHdeTUCsH7d{_t~K+Mvq(^c@+)CdHz
zpx}e*6@}O26LqFV{{RUU52xNgT~85LEHq8>y%K479fsbP(y}^oeq=+lQ(Ap-{GO2%
zBSSN)`i7>F!eoiWlA9nF2G<wwqi;s}vhMP04kFxZ7pOw8=DIHl0FVxU%kiy{%FL{U
zGM)q*idU%NM=Ti`<du^gsxM(3pG{M7uVPkAn(BaVE3Mm1qHC+KYU%*$+~_&}MBp*}
zx$PXkhC%K(_lA{+MS;RT);38zEPFl{^%|SjR1GuP<;KrEOuuv=VWc3E*%{dfjA^&n
zDejSx^Kh(^AI*;GApAprkG7NQaSTj+kTmnyZS)>Bj@yfPvE5=(iw)NXcRXE!kFK?P
zgdg_YO{4P=4Zg9ctlhT3i3b;upJtW2nwOIcAMlnwp=xdBdX$zUp_3xtph)M4m|C&#
zTUm!^>9r^PNss<x`zsh$l+pJgnxCg9wrrTE-JB^u-8Zj6p1<pV<8j2J4`q2?nC32}
zk08^=0rlx#vpfCPIpMfC`YSEf@9tf6FuIMzsDp~2_L{B{V(q53<;JI|A2N4s1+)Xv
zOG5HS+tlk+zA#S{QDTsj;Ui0MsFo)XvoNqAYs!@!Lm-`1Y9#6tO063x1D(66DzI$r
zj8BAVLh%wvwMtKaDu5S2-QATy_9psYx~(UX8aN;Ahi>CX-iXYm_wELPg2=d{_xFu5
zrF>nN`ztGI%S6TFEOoY)xV0u$`7;A+4ra8m(7xh$X==&LP%@?mw@+m{@e>Cs4>gv;
z{ClbbMn<Q$`tzt@fLoQSp>zbTuT>pG$wN?8M+=IP7{3jFI91XYlwDUqbu}gy2VFf>
z{Y52qsJOQt2B<7Ar>>ZdKo@OCqO4U5+#R3`07VJFo<)&Fju(Z`8geMwAlDbYzKRe#
z+;)SdwAPGrvJ~3tM`2Mzm!K#e$8qF^vs~YR(y8U-Fz~C8P3#oaBI?=jMiMQ72jRaO
zvFrU%8+nR<4{{2h77dftQINzq9iAX`tt@;OmI$Rs1xkxn7EWeHTL;Nt%%Z};530Hx
z{FtNL6t1HD0jJ}Hxe8h6-x1@ANg08%odE8yG_y<%mDmBV8g2TPLjxI=%CNBqpQfm>
zj%(=Fgpvtt6mm^5VDd8nFR7?_)Ha6q?xyjhQ6cbu@mmT%%c(ayT9dLvNX!HCjmKp$
zVr%<^U%H1W*)uPH9yDRp^FRS#Md9HT+`OSo0F_GZ1a0GfR9VXmX!P*k+f|h0WWSjp
zEZw%LF=Q~YJ`uoPj$HzE0tp}saUAKXAYv|yWeN$toTxu3FK8C;6!S|wkeGl?wz1Ze
zdO*;Bu7ewCWi4^xzM_jU#~8L*LrJE9-`PWac~T<8Cxm;z_^D`tc_R!oE<U;;KR^wm
zDw~oG_?jEX!&}pGMu_E9=m{FtVo=j41RI`Id2$F5G1-XbDa=fDk`lyRhT}rZSl1>%
z#NPJMQSmcl#72pgn&#k(aJPLHn7}PT<iN0hpmG2N+VwbPTP$tiwAHioBgu_pNZDCh
z_iI|#rLpI1S=L=QFAI$gG@p(^yqgm381fCL(rYIuTq(6}Hbl8NE=$DX-YuYlJ++l2
zcerM-wu0BaLQwS_$^{2f&VnHvQWZt_R>1M}is-U3G51Lk*vvdlV0i1!pu&PXhq)hr
zc8swjV~erA-W6@3BrQIEW=bkd`;;4x2pamUQ>4Pu;hl`W83-VdId|4J)eJ636;o^I
zNEg<dNrIDOt3*)~aRip+L9D!mE3lq-)~h3^aM6v|<9g}ml2EEt4Y#$AZ6u-w!4P!T
z*X3Lgi7m>j;}-3yyO$fPrHT|ASuq2D6d`;dCuQkxEP=#&#cM1Qx<u%^hQKItVq{qU
zUGG`Q@MegP+lChOS2RaxAcIdFX@IeXt=(1fO{`*XWhoh-D0tNwNM;0^QTl9wvD}ek
zyxa|V)aFOG$^j0foxBO8)?AELV~*^Aoy?>Iudbe`26}@2QrhP1IM#C^AF{N637;Y*
zY2SAS8UbVKp)wN2)+?ng3QWxk_a~R4^jPG`hT<|8aI<JN2Cm9PvJUflyF&KdEp4Fp
z@TzP=Wn7bc8lYAL(*`yNUUW864XTp}DwhnWvb}C9d6}YKNf`E;@~WhdqP=%a@niY6
z)YyLrwNB=OTA9D9GA$ff<C!df-mVqqn#YI+v^wTu&(vkHC1U)s{oX%KX0)Ay+f}xr
zs7%!8Ay#>nMT;OmO&=X?i=7u8kGlT4PxRwFnR2-nh^SROi3a3TLRE_^E))JZ+JnBb
z+)wU4$l8r~b~Jxa#Ox)JhvaVsFU`QU{Z*%#l(@L>Gjh>KX*?^jqgZi&<B0~<Pz9^Z
zeyHku<@rdCiJ`ZDAK6N^^0A$sti;dCY^;`%jm6E6Z)v4XTB>WU8IgTzFH>rQXaWsI
zbxk3VcvquwZkvt=!Yj=)SlYcSYtrCu;aGm-@_&)l`$wDh3ywE*=N+5rUZgj4_>bYY
z(M@3Zu%%wY-$<qM_34p+9?dHneE$IQHr)8zvjx<@GpA#}Y-8%Jwr?}0;mO+?{Z_0=
z{9PX${2;He*1j3@Iu0XzE4SE4uI=xNXP33|Xs!|4)T8`J!|1&u)Vv*08?r?|O*I2s
zKOKhx%)Ze}b-}kVH+r9@u>9T8(6naV{<`WG{{Y)vSehPh5-&S{EDlO5S1^^D1W|u4
z^DKL~QoRx@mY2TOp$ZB5l!WTBfTFtJ%dyDx9_d*z<x0{ng$0-%M!f1j&GlJk;v|)r
zdI7MlsbEYf^0MRb?1hvL_wb6y=&^3ezrre8)sJlv`i=Kw;$x4vrO59(P@pzbaiz5t
z-A%mSwK?J<3WL;tD25jDyyg3vI`*$`s;-zwSIcGa#Bh~$(&xsUjp*H4O`Q=(1C=%X
zOF$t|vz{ewe(I0ZO|dXBczJObBfY8aFLis!Q$}U2TUw%;xTZ2dsNqvxNM{P0R8-Ig
z-|4*n04p>_A+qERhxgQYPpoNMy=xRtgv>qYyk4$#;t`pDSQI;45K#6q>b38%GSfc>
zEQ@I>+1IhSF!t6Psv5E`u5iyXskyM?^k3F%XCQ{^l6FB2ho;x0lN86+W5**%&CvcH
zB92%Yv*tewTh*mWOkQOl)B0o<+$59|r-2qE-mtPzL!FV1qr)5cdx6vn^iwbA^oV{H
zE$kJW)UjiKDV3ZqBpDl6@+<DuR?%+a@tXEC<2z(V_*qY|*RJXgK*yAFasL1iuOK^X
z)#f(tp9}UF%{|>}Dw%SqX&9T?iMgOU1#2IqR+p7`)5It_CK#q7NcZS9y}eZ_@CGCY
zk7xkZqB!d8xdHV)9iL6;!z%z1PC5Q61dJuf-ix(=3Aj_rtw@^>zorlKwB@BJTi(}B
z%9d6#5C!%1Ratd58g|fx(Eb|8ahBfcC+nu65(|d4iM{HWAdEy7<9$7Ja7vIZ$BkuY
zmW>j^9K;7{^wwTv(8rf3Xty24=eD*m@3QB%uzHTUvT65?RS^$TwlXs~77R2Um2nX&
zqWpA!<3o;E_JG8x1CYHil4DtKC9FYfgTkrEurBJcJ0W5Up58QU6q09X;2YSB*q%ev
zLzt|yyF_k<i3AQJs04#h4ftGXL;<QgcTgYU0qYf0ftm)WpnmYI!Wzm$Hw|u28knJX
zQr9GdYCKmkmR%J2syXhruCFv~u0a~rqK%b*<G2IFD*1xbzPgPloQR`^@|8lJ!q;oi
zyq(7OZ?>9o;ZO%F@S&sakXqxFB+7z@E2&To&l=^&YYPHx-B<Hj8Jme30Y(#&!A<UM
zy1-~n62*aW3#@_mmH>iO>2X>kE;H`o0sZP)Rggx-kBL6;q2sf;W8yXzAe{~9)kx!i
zBXMRXOu<qwBq(c;Z+bY5u65Fp>1gYf<?XRMt>0TeEk6y1+f!|D2*I6^avU<LAoIP=
z1z3Ve1C8}I)3UFYgyu>(6>V=^v2Gsqk7cUVK`wPTvalqn4&0RJC}UOt-;Zw^I6>R#
z7NG^Tn}ZH?3^S$oGOvrW-IPqkQHvIT#jz*R%CC);E~*qiGjaPW*;7w6YOfeo2Z+5&
znHy`7pJr7X)Q??sB}CCNHc-Ok@U`gA6Sk#nE!jdaw%Z$8s!=A<z=Bt1OsL3Xa4stA
z(j6Q~Btv6z2O7XwPW3+t7NWRt#e>^%Jk2Ov!zHtjHcYp@w{q^FG@1y?l0m(H=&>u^
zw|IcHS0mmQu+!?I3i45+4UnVDJ-SlNpsJnQwAPrHH_VG*R8lNK8t|&FPE3*nRE)Xh
zv29ICC607lj93zHJ=Q(NY#*PZtk6e1(#;d^i+z=c4iuJDd8cWXHC=o=Kp#~-(-p=U
z3_rv-_6kll8q~{SXMW;MXhju&@#1R(xo_yC91$#>dDGavO@tBSm;<T{Zoammrq%*-
zBqCRtQ0N<psFxih-{RnGG~-Oln>Ib{ZpPrz)-d?H&7HK=_nIZ@Gam8x_tXOs*IhYQ
zqd)-wM7sA?9~gg@y7B^#G!SRTV!ena$CW`rB*9nSJTIj>F_1TfHj%G?16*;E`~hw}
z?@!5f2r8$mLZi!(!hy-IEk%Q=bs~kl^Kflq0sAR=Lq_U>iiQT{n+moPGe-M$@ltOS
zfQ*bDv6&lzG}b~mga=<$UAow@A22v`jPa#15c#Wn17m$OrKLd1186|xG@(NX3Y}9i
zpLB&JZq^@FOx;3hp?KPVIQFoyVZ?ehrE%6G>Seypb!n0vujMU(Ix#%EDYU0RM!b0J
zAy6)EqS_jug@wQblgCQvI>r~45c#Oepj;7ZxAiO%Kb<1CKMh1N$&Zj^T$w_EKst(r
z%aD<|2MwcJTne<u%$?mqaLi8QeP|8hu-ZpuX%e&$X3Ii#LvGD~)Hx5Es)C?)ooj?T
z4a#cBr0(V2OAA4y*%8LuK_kQ4UbY)z^yO|*#$5Vsdh*~}FqgiD-n!cB8SqEZ=2c_7
zs>C!SQ)|@UEiRyWCSvSejmr|p*R54ye3_%hk4BMzC$V{&p_y%^&#Ic}t-Gp5O52yV
zws=#>lxuW|giP^&CW{=-iaUj>(qR)WZflDOLWutWdrimLMCqw)jLYe^c0SQs^TB*6
zVk5-p#QI3AEd9l&?Si@4vElUg$R~pM2Qo;|SI^{;<&mY3-JIOh-CH(n!yIl|VuS@n
z2TOrsO(0drJ;T^*ZMt}_tcy7+YPEX<rvun)wpEB7xmOT>1re7@8599pBoIxLCzlHD
zAYG3o9i-63*@7V4?V_mSO>Xpf8Vp>edv6V9x1)t;xqk}J9tOKxes+!=L}2Orp_#3@
zlZ#fIdh~d^wDuaVE}b_mxs&!$AhGErU)^Fpn&#ZIYdkKFy}GL27Coi<X0cAa_x6ee
z`t-5*TkWHNbfe>$dqSVCg&@C9m3tfQq_KZgRhAk6zAlOTk~sQnQ=+#1fEVCr9>aRe
z!yEceQt{a({h(Hd>9*a|G9&n8Kk+Sh?*9O-Gs>s?EV_`Wu+IgKo@hVCL+k7LihmE(
zYG#vm)&PK{5$ZHg)BsvG?F3gl`Bdnxj5nG80P=T#S5jVYfBw?-)t`x=ev==UhOBs-
zv8Fmc*J-3AZ)PWNJ5)#n7>pN^*m~%(VL$Zv-XpgrFkKIA{^_mT{7y!suV0hP>B|^8
z<VZh-HKjTfc2gndet|>l*(PZ*qqVj|8JDr7)YA|jmFY6ez^rV2W~KaNn>4N$p@$QB
z*)z_6f5ef9^j@}c#iLM0oX4iI@M9t*9NX=!kjk4CwBMjSui0BOCMaTMnQ?ZKuIdrH
zRGuEHU-c}3y0a+Z6llL~Yrwu{YzxR8$JJhUs>|l}Ot=34m{fmv!&5VL(xoK}y8sPY
zO$Zvb>cB7}y7Vp8V8YY@O6nMuLA6fucn@uV0A9Tp={(>h$iQa*0G$~0=;FN1iT92B
zhLn6fuaL@%Ed_*4;{%$V8|bLLe5%mXhI_n-6y?E|IIYo-arb_j$~R0*vUs_-@ilFu
zB++<H)<p$Ranu^fo-&Y_n~Tbz`)iuInzBmn>sYJG7%%Olx`n@@yKpi}TmCwF5)V^<
z%a@c<1^OvWh?;(#iwL)gT0?$z7oohbLg=u}AUrkc*!i6rChm;;2(K`=VZznvF;4D=
zzl42FTJCV}WP%0S{50;Y{PqVauW$v0y;Y{R4iC|K&dea?N&f(jRW;NYh1Xq8k1J6k
zvoJcFP|blF@uEQ^M8%PSJjoZW8707fu?JeK1E>J&MqI3ykz)?Kj)0IYMhTK-9(%@A
za0_io6*C&Z;j=@d<1R)L6>U`QW$ZPf{WVR7<EM3b?09l<i7@1OWsbIM3WL;hRknQ7
zliRq|LT>~2Bh$x@AyA^{(_UXDU}kn86TJO(Vb!{XM5@kS{M%oyf%%5)P!dgl$vvj2
zC?ux;01+a(=WVZ{J(X)4_<#qU5lHe_3ln;&4kTmwmtvN^hZ-xcL0`H_;3_cX$BJ@t
zRJ3d?Lh-$5jIM}yB)WGW+eyzM2%<<5#9fDN6CWZ7Qbe6eV%GqADZiQMzvav9Ken^-
zyqP7DpbQ~C=p$Qq(G#dhNwVO7V;PMKl(FTg6<MVd%JK~ZYieA^ro&QxiZB~*_pNIR
zaF&2R*zQDkbc|SP=GW4tApyhru-F5p;jJZ+ohDi&Z4#hDZDLP#2X7*p)T-knb~K+3
zY?nS;#Lj-=FuhOoeEs{3UMqqQ@yfE+=+|4R90=n?63?`cHTC96r{e;DlU7U~px~*5
zZEijxP`xuTMUnt7_{Aq7m&zy1U^^~qsIs(5ceVMkV^W%Erka409GqO6{{Sv%_*mbF
zqJL8AmeOmU;J>nz@^=zT9o?plhZ2`yJ{qY|OgYHA85(A3TgLjk8etK^1P0s4fOQlc
zgbO<XTDUT19B9J0+iL)SMf4Om#9a*Jia@}S#A;2!p}a0vb+jVj)7gDfHYpweP_Md9
z-b7K86DULiCBa)M?me`dYa>Q>K1{f0%#A@O!{ZuJWa^XTg@xlyNH+lSt92-3i6RmW
ztZ$_$2)xJ#GAXEPU>>HdGesOhB@7vFb8Cvd@Fp8Wp(nS)_0^?+!Ie>-;Du6a4Tme<
zr77q)(A$%x#1P1*b%n)^#R<ApgO?u4&Q@d_m6#iHBnmQhOz8AkS%+hIg+CsmmK8AB
zC6QYE2Lanl=fSm<0j;=jr=ja@w6yU8K?A|3w)92J>3Jt~prdf{4L!7>%!HVJPlIq9
zM-5F#i0HtJ`fGcC`hG0dFh~dn-~t=yrRV7~f=Ynh+$qQz=@iB;EJ5dc*3U#haU2~_
zn7~~33Jfrqpz_^FH#}=9c&x;&!S1B9fx$_OCQPeyw{r^)TGJgbC2?{?&Pzg7ffm0S
zj7UL~hPzK1=7Rna_0w;FK-W|1I5Q#$11VB&3fkb&(h%5xA${AZvFztq`4ELr$Co<Z
z#EoUfjYNtGL8ZYoo{9luQ8SKqTXvxFpw5y*wfEZkU(s6Ur=A{S)gPug;^=#gB{Ec_
zFU@cPI)W~JH6_Zoh!K7Vl|J1jLbfFsc3jnerb~OBzSB$4C#jK~M2j1dpeCaXfg9M^
zk}Y#;YpTJ2<RT+7?l(I}AxTA)alufL$g&Vmm@n+ASwiC@62i{vLAro$K?hnKn8#}q
zaG-Z<RF^I$7Hmj?9}UGTD@Mh(#!&HF5<nf4DzV9Yc;aoPr3iKKn&ymoQjs7(gdQ{k
zppjsE>y<1R5Pg+RbrJ-CTmf)zsjCFHi&74Tt*`)p%npLM62nu<oPfqCf<z)o#4NlO
zf!Ee5#t8RqNunT*JBXx}<V%HZ4-s6hM&d=u=f;yjGVvRQ4hcL0waKXvNTA(V4?*Qh
zw3lnIhp^SxD<~-*YaZ+AM~i{^4P!;WA}IMW9?R4J0IOUKC?XmMlJ@RVN%WoaX2ZJX
z#`pDqRQ|4(^W(xk>a!nNwNK|ukZ?TXCHR_qqM%v4&TA}s_Yg%S)bB|5-25($?5%C_
zWY<&B^oU*a^NW8hN*JEf27<IYmQTxKNiD|WHm&<jTc^Nc$GZzW%w>N|e`R^^)Y<-I
z!xl4eylwQF!7nQnqA=aJF>cdBBHTE3Q4Lgo*GVNv3_C?sh8zvYVXJNCG&Nh1?|XSu
z5I22nd?&uDLmLGgO^2k>90CsR6i%ImERw?`8$x7Iig>oXX*QB?kkXcyGg}9wE)<H=
zA2N1L#PVDGG-w5)%>Cp40G6M~AL^_*NA}VYe=9flzRKWtwdJ?V`JRnvs**|pW9ia=
zvJZKw#Mc64>^Js`h)udY$GrVwyQiDOke`K5(N$&aw@ac^{{WSLi!aj+vKV%y{f421
z@v>L3uT{V{$^*3sqNuy&r*5=<Z=s{&DbhT6`OxzKH`Xby((nHAFWq20qLt`|+1U{v
z@grgE)``#?%j(Y;0U|Q`!M%D9J3Wzq<Y~P7jL#m$lbP2}?lexd;>3mfzOh8hjCqZI
zVBUuR0QVd?apK_^0%=bLKM3tL%Krc><aAe7W%-}~0I#;XwEqC1V}F?b?%rP7>M&Q3
zOr^<PnDPMWBaO2SH0*Br*G~!BJ<(t&MOBoejmmg~KzZ8=H}g&73QSTS+i0zSLURUg
zuwdrN^F2yu8jbr`(7qabtv8d>3`0X9SpL&l{W>!yLSLI){dC9b88=CdkILoG)mI+s
zu0nXL7sO8z4$9LUHP*9WnIa{Lxf~X+E?X25g7zN(@Q-gA)*CWx)W9H5EbYQ1CiUZ*
zLnFM0i?L(tH?K`B{#QfF$r>4dM%DG{UP(y;l@@IM3VI|PcV%|tL)>ewduoId=eD?8
zpVLG2)aV5R3K>T_xR7=lTsWc$(?E6YGyq-akf>$fqqm2!Rlr^%)i$6HQ~FP+dDyLk
zBVJrzaG$*q_kElzOFklJfrq-z3G|Bb-7_rVbxd5F*$a76_oL}v^C35X#BJ{{iG4NA
zx}wwijVk3wBO(_3o~J)(ARkq6OEf9|RzKDSQ8ejOYpnAG9<~CDJ8j6xal$A<k60$L
zyUD)U=7xaSR{sD_H|VY1f3C1CVnO3u-5}qjO1+zfbYJ3(II*%tkcM7Y)K+Fw1CuER
z`tkKpgl=>TT#>LXac!V~=xHRE5Ena+x8d1Rs_qY>s!IWV06Zy}1&6AwxFrB7wRbSE
z97w8fTk1hk!km$B9qoNal&J)>3jjG9N%I^PEWAP2wxk=L1d~vL(lxjmD8BGW*2bK`
zqpuQF7i*Es1KnC4UcM2nB!H4h9Kp3}ZLt<psN-4Pl~FmAh8OIAplNeXWr7)bY0iS1
z+du_}byZ)qm#7kM*R>I>2M#8smd;ezc5tp6tWNHFieegyC1gWun^oQ|vAY03_`NhZ
zI+XB6BSlsNfg<LnUZXte<vOTSu7h1FV$wN907zwB<)2O3TU*h7ZyYm~g4?)_+&vV#
zhAa)aTC3!~=DDYT3y6cmj*=&sw_6)+;%J8&P@ZccDhD1KR6!G)YIxsDY-43eyLUNW
z&24Iy-0CwlTr(Y@^VX!ZIu8f}{A*D<Oy>RzU$oIzqA}3z6;sfYK1KYUc?zONg#jSe
z$Mj-XYe`|;DzV~XCghTEhBLRsMzskvpK{%kgDA$VLDW-!7$O+uK55#vu)jLc@;Ycb
z<u9~UoPL|nC2z}7P9G6UF>@7LCCq1d<VOm74We9V)<a?m^o?oJkJByw;9s7iqvd*G
zKkgU5QA3!4N-^@_GUPiZs!oQY*<cGy<CV7_Rk!k32i=`dtW^I1OvgU#fcq)S=omcw
zi#waj#lYczbAB~(5{@Foc2?VTlsp()(LsKaz}ztO(rxw{@iCXpB(C-YUS_ILf=6X)
z{{T*q`@SLEXitMO9aM^GiNKck3t-xIT8R=8r1`O__)i+M!6NbPq4`ctjW8l*Z5MLt
zNf!HRzEq+x)(oeZAlk3wHMk0h;5<mvvh=){Foslri6h%(D%@^AvW%TeG9D6=I~!lF
ziutkb+W6XyF05(}Mgx1w>U{vwJpi%lvJ$3LP{P+?#@>oE&(Y)>?^zFV<48OSETyBf
z0(>Bl4XdU908Gf`2sgL{=zFxH5DsEvu*kNi>elvEUI!dhgXp1uRhca;aqW<4;?!Hw
zMvL`-CZFmt@7{;(G<dciP$`n7W479)QO06o-WTl^sT*VUM)ON7Y6X%aM*jdwu6~%v
z2#;OdX*o&;nr|jE?ps-j*N(I>&M&Da(rK)mVvnzF>?j^phP6_lYO>CbSx~W8YyR=6
zIeE6yX1}EAL)ywoy{hp*^ET8xbv=~vsW1tDo<}9*CPq43o7L47*>|phdn&CPBeEN4
zZR@8FWq?-3jOpGuQhf?Sj|^c597(B?IK&qo{+FW3kc@SL!2B&hlIlu;R4};&-j+uw
z5SB=avJ$KT@6xX(ZcK@_$l7@LK&mzGsJ4|>TY+xcIH9G6R`P5suFpkGDp=TdRs89H
z#gNFwEo&YY?4oRz;gpaM3T?&-LfaWh1P@(WIKy7`%v*C@l5eS^<Hla#aqToQf|3<P
zEC&kckxG;F(^EiJ2Pcr>K|rD_nFY@(6TpoQh@<BJ0Ch>M-_-JM>WnyqMIUWy^cyxy
z+gm3eU1D{8**#`hS55K+E!YKxD*pg~vA#%eLoAkKps+m6X?~r?lP5LMe=I0xK7*w)
z_=s|)gbxCMwjF?0&*|QtF)<oKEb}ox+!`pVz1NEpSsKpBn*#=1fgoWT=&}xc00dWp
za`H&iw1mj!<o%WC{{U9zZg{W|_*e5Kw{Ha%=QfVYHmen$VzZWTknnvw#|n~v!m3mr
zRYI<w?xV7_5KY3k+J+=jY<wrM)vrJhkV%l>MyJVERgm(#9s;-85f(-&4J{y0Jru7@
zj0_mtfs$Z<;-_*&v$4CS6_(|uS0u}#%6(Ae=KVu&WM6F~AGw-4{>pk`{{VAtf0jPF
zMls^eUg2DI)6su3(E|>>9)9M3KV?^@9~6V)i|RFOeR@_%>|;Xdk9?J1iZ&lrZ63|e
z<`!|gLind{WPRk1qM2PYW?oFUrBlI|AMgJFWi<MA1w5HZspbAA?~ijkrynn?Cu0)6
z(L}~?Bdx^TKQn3cHk7@@S@B83Y>R(wZO76UT*u4E_cvZB`+pNxZEluH)IP_Vy+`-3
zH7qA8VlGo0To&NZ+`ZlOJV??bIwI{+A+Q{Ug*|e86oN{LHb`awteS#&3k_?XX$6dK
z`s=GZ`raSLJ^i2l@3T~hDi?pcw*9mAE{0#aQMmf#8~~o1B6E&bA5G|8M_(<wR+)i+
z-oyBVf&0VzDQvQ*9wJST3eDo}bt<pggFxH5emi^(x9O>DSu(nX(AgugckJ#R_1!ij
zlZIhKVkFf3E8ANU#~d+)L0~<k_L{@P-rrVreb}N)SSS)WBl6-F`tN_*d+N0;c$1*!
zO?jTP*9_&cFq+WtmSOk1m%6s4Tf#Z*ZY;N2>mm2y;t*8$WtX?`ukEZ2quEx_3l0?(
z(NvOzWb>)lBfh0hwG|Y^6t<T<Dx}pf+pSvnpboutMRhPDx~A3Epa`z1uAmM^k~tPw
zSfq=pu&-Uwy2^D3{HcFznP@yq@ehe>$l9!pByO_A#U(>^VaU|ls>&bKX|#Lm)-PP?
z%Ppsjc*ndxASsTK)sv`2wd|Qu{{S&Ne-hF294e*xumjgz@ao{zJ}C1@5e5GMine+Z
z6C=t+fEN^}RKsXUmLd60M&a<9(&;hn#b;mf9>dTpJ@@Qynbm)^<Z5C;Yx4-d#Mi8E
z)H3esamF}DAJWyaF%2*S?@APU5LORUR+Bp;D0_)0hyEMYe%)a+4fpOAKI!yU&sRQA
zK}h+qjXtAT_PGo35Iv^1de$@L$Bl^*3R#O1cv%*;x5}nm8RkVzP#s9-q=V@dYS@Bn
zuTUz~hDW?D$k%_g{W+2IT^=QKc87E?{oWr%c-r0lCy}!!Cls9|Q7R7g@U>^UrjMpa
zR}B})-5w54#FEH8XG$+fjKCy_@l-;6V!Ny<jO8i!9Hhh0PS*NG9c(0>#{&|P=&`J4
z9oeV!GUu}kfx`Dbng~@Sfy7fjbgLJHixFebPhALV+pd2-m8DxHl>pm!05q#9A=hcJ
zs{+1Fjjw$)sf;f1dt17k;Fuo7o5>{|hnH*m4Ki|}8txYK8bKHq3Zz`=Rgzg2<4Xg~
zc2s!F9KoP+;TAiI2fDd4qmDr9e-CvgvKdiiU;!Y40PLvZi~-R0)A2%({X-|`B@!Z)
z0YKK3*yMlk)`_;uw)}-i7Gdf8DafF{9Bt<d>BQ9Ks1qA-(3&?-Lit0y8t$N_CuP0u
zYf_wmMS+dT*Pkk}$8-glSPnN8nl^$+By-Y_9IY(ZB#~|en`ud*$iNJH4H7iJyat+r
z396;6EO_#*8Dohyh9NJ*zL#LYpj8C-)xwRETTg!pq6n7yNIex|AdV>kkZ)xm3Q0Kz
z)E386<pOz)C>ZK@8;;RciFPlT?mz>DRq`HB0(cX<iK-+n>^x8Aeq@7?)~Pp9$!`om
zL@j+aKGRf>7%(k;iOiZK%MFUEi5rIVKmv;wBO!w}=Qj77hqTjQB@|!@rBpqGQ$iBX
z_eOtm5k~=_6$;T@pL?^702sasXcgr>r@|;Q%8zZ4gd8~Dit(eMpHLX>+Bpy^FAz^~
zn;s<o$}k5E?4e++02&JcP;&D2gXXs$R78<m-HCMPVraW&J|8Vs<Cp_V09egAu`)H!
zeQ`3m+F6L^2{c7%BLDy_I9vlpguItuEeU_-PL#wd!9sA>u91Td>znJPGbCFSZipN5
z*H2|~?J;cFsyKzY27n-AGNf!-Li4$yvOw7q?vrl~ruts1BnZ1hZX5OO0=VD+wm?b0
zmcNwh_T|9+G_W$G8dhELks!GiT}>@41yAN7Q$;XM5!G2p<|@gTI(x^=UdJ1#?7&mX
zc-wS;E<qluG<{1VFcxJJuj1qFrVQ9}U(7=rTZ-yElo>IB7mb6C?jzMsSYR-GJgp;d
zE<^VlN?L4YkHX+knj#3d>@{@BnkCsF-o1y9wv;EP2Bj1j>R^zbA%&?c`Esk<cGJM{
ztz;0-3waI!eOV6>MK3-u0G1vu>J}zLQBN{|Hzx3pNTubBZzV;CWj6$o#;lV@Sy=c;
zJStuvGBGl(qjEq8x|+itq8?cn?;NPGBRcI-dtSO&hzFGcOo4y|i=IZFptKukB-#iE
zN?Kd15Jt6Tl2&H%9k;O8l~tp2sW-oU2}Z0v2D)ZJ^V1!*Ryq^J8h&&e+;`S2E#zc>
zBe&dOPolje%Z}bS$a3QT8yZ$zgq}>PknK89W5#)#YWr(SRr7|{0Y@7SG)zo=su&Lm
zI$w>uYJ8y=sg&4Ox|X@W3sB{XP%KY`a<yqX+aQ~L<5RQ}ZYn<GPdP8aHG?HG$||9b
z`+1&qW7Jc1%s11vw2H5a;8k4*!Z>z+Q(Kj8AWv<jGGM!Ia^M|J?M)^^n*xkG?OGF{
z83X_Tu+rVsaG*w}!uAyHy0L&;ZK;zVA}40tfRIOJ1|}-obUV9iT#Ex)5|b3B*1h!7
zv`$eCK+elVhSs^gRDnZWw=Al}ZMe9%3T&Kt3ELu$-Fs;~4KlE&n2EQU8hTBCdMTV^
zVzcn_(A(52D+UD<#S)#$zA}EQKk6y`uAIZ1hTfrBwKhnm@OYUV$uyE4EXJay))f`h
zWJPRr<D|p!srHJ;HL25Bd6EK6h(lrMrEM6j2OMtcxsmofqP6jxeijpsaVYi+R#pv}
zGh_b%nEwDsr}}H|=@@PB628WNHHYrkv44@j?Ee7R`v+C=<R@qi^iZN6W;SeNkCu{;
zO~0~^G|OS}$MqT(Dcd?Nw3Qws=^QG*Xz<rze(`&gCI$yCH|3KL(z^Y$DKTWpL5~>m
z@8iiwGHSTSMvDx@rR9odjHvicZ)4*wI+Mmn)tl@TZsPK1x0;m3#fuJq0SrUEo0}ff
zQ6mLXNdOI4o&Zr?fD17I0dh|O1$gec){b+Wd}3D-O_{hENdExkrAoU$=E`mk>pgL@
z%VT1axWh+&22cM0ZDZe%;aqzvE1@KmBQkGYQC&<4s5R9T0ov5sy1Ic8;_a@fy>$Q*
z)f;NnG{COWU9?qzCZwr<8s2~@wxkM>Yp4U2q=r?V2H7$js}HEw<ULtBgJVQS$-~}M
z{n2}l>cJ+aH*}F@i0qj)Q&VcDG~o7%izsN^ZblYhYS@sBQn>B>w7HGGA;#X3O7wjA
z^Pwi&Cru@fu=bAQT2e-`#!<L-^9Qt7F6AXUvwgexxm-m7ywJCQbHBE;gd$FlnIn77
z?Jz&ObfzYmqj`k7G;t6Q07oJ!-dIkKW9DN}eJ*Lyc-0E;%FM)tU*{l(McVt&usxT(
zdShnKEOl66C(u~_!C9Fo4_U<)_eQ_n6!2qg=?4%}A?*Izrsf|(L`pp2>3J=YF--tp
zHpFOm9u&5th#>HPAlIvvw#AZ1GO@3y3c>35XAeF_zT}$Hq3pjA?W^0|@^HzuV?jFM
zdV+1~uGX|9xTd;hN6U3AY0tVJWB%*-O((5RzuQB~Xb)l6pbr3Zz+N{$h5rDwRW1jf
zSKSb(9?E4{bq<oQc*_>QzN7YvMO^&6jC3Y6Q|YyGaE?rW)d)t9VBx$Yik=mFZYPJL
zr4WeN1EB-iRvRs2a@Ov(X#W6_GEtFja(rF2AVp!N?k|4&xc5Q=ZQt8PmLVKVCAg7)
zMJW;3ONa9S&cZbU`tT-!IR&3-x|TNdP+ac0*1*-xtSXWa#6QYj`_%0rM++J*DsF@k
z=rnIA^Qm@!%O8#flFoQlg8pC@=k`+`Rk#aRY_X-}9z8<zw6;%v(^1q7vY$(xKB_-X
zQYJcbG`~@F`MCiHaJA1a6fBAAD>JJ{qT60JuEQ6a-Nvit`Gh65^5c3wBuulLf;=YG
zS|}E*ax}41-YDH!cQiwduT+U_$~59Bj-UZ}?rbc7X;+9bSW?98<3ctJ2^X>9OvV>u
zvbF3rG_cg(g~UwhUF18PLCA6ybP>b@$>MG*gYBxZDuaRDz*SXlYzDN%OFWXBwu{L}
z3N|=}F4AauUWkbtK(n6_7G>@=Sv;boMhF0Nq{dlKn(~;`u-jlc)e{<j^4r-~$7hU|
zjFoGDSdrOAT+E_>n04+HKuIkdE*b|LSh>*pD0@ege|T%^sd=T8T1MStr4l3(AwuCS
zZUb}Dff0_XW0ai$8lPQT@^m+L9rR?!^5c+}Rs?Vcs1Gd%pimN2`9p+dy(jim=y*at
znjlsj&5cgZ>H<NLwN#bV-s0q1)dIzaj1L`u4d}aCy2NX=8UjGdyR`EUaA83)IC7(p
zZz^|WR=tQloJB8@9>TZh#(<I*Oo+J3w)jciQ1fESr_4=~aNL{^q*YC=ZK9|^Jgr0o
zm1vQH*h6|WGzAQV5J(`=*+sz>1nMp?Zgd2aBv-oRF1(}~5$USFG?AY%EhJ=n+(i<9
zSiIKX85<kup+}J>JcJJve|dRP5;+uj{J+eI*@rPrN0svmvADFn$lz%5<Hsa_HHvP$
zT{|l~e%XA)8UuTF(XI#7yTfm~c-o5FR|YM^P3^+Dvk{kAij&`5GGJ_EhD)oX7U89h
zF5?rKRL0wHZ8*|wk8A7ctxbt7#BIKR!t6T*=wdyqVl~#ElnxBlBn~`HFsQ~gH|0Ul
z06CLRLm6mP@-*xSN_Fv(=%KFUy_;{YiIgoV=V}W0uccbhhpDa71e3E1?y~Ah*U?*{
zY^XR`TCx8CPFTq?0^Si@gmA2_t0@@s++-i#uHkx&#wn852j1+dD#u-Hcv`Z5YbNQa
zDs|mZ{{UdF@u@x%Z^EIA5PSyq?4{!Tq<%}r0p$Mxy7YndQGxuS=oBo4cAPS)BEwr$
ztGH054`uC6$>If8p_C^=D=Q~(n%a@Z)v$Gpji+}rYRAkaW)-b9GO)P^akc1>#d}<H
zu80<6uL?9n#ocmh+rW}iZgg~i1>}B80@h#Z%$v&=Fh1(;Bhy=bDm|E+&le=uj_Xpq
z{aYqL{tdwtarZ^4cGTVU9i9ZuRFF8ES8Y7o*`;>SD{=}KCq)<UJS#(@7C93ZH}H?3
z)^jm8SjOf6v9};O)~`>Aao!tomLgd8pL(0nn=)|p%+HVU-`XjTl5f#}fd2q4W*<#2
z1=p(OkBBMyDBU3c0HDcFhIX!h-2VWr_o=t-f7oa@`=}e@1%0CQtn-X{h#$>aLn8Ax
zrd~N^Y;}WKZ@6{<2BgvRaN&g_w~kpQR+dxmG3@RYm+kE9pF>~WRa*l+KLs$NHvVj+
zyPnP3?G(}f0OD%gO?h8`)V*|)-8&7m8e~d8@-N$0RPS%*V~U}F)ID?NnXqvi{W6<N
zApZamkGek%VH3zya26HS)T)w%X58e8>r~fVQv<kEajvnh6ahA<H6YX)1VPfG;-I+T
z1<!SM$q2ovz)3f*s_lNt>L5}#YMWOIng(#Hus76c%CB8O1J{s$uG&u;E|pTiai9vS
z+Vxi!JB3S1ytSdTmh?~o@v|kw$V`|Gq)i!lI`dOr(+4&j+;zx==yYY~t<6n%Ds!dv
zDSCcJ_0~4hRQQKz?-iZt<guzMwujL5-AfDR;P8JjecN*#lr8bij-oyWNYI1C73K6(
zxbw$6OEgDxZY~IarLyt-sgou@<!%i!j?uyY0BvE=)2W>^lh;&y0E>F5$o0nm0M^MK
zz-u;F2dv2BUO!c7pxYiI+ktsKf~q~Mu$#}RGT6We`I!URdddAyARSd>Cc$D`diAY#
zTl}i_x|2ZaIIv}PfU_WQT@c^l+FI2+Z6`029oGZR+Pd9;m9^A*99yPrX7ZXPQj7OZ
z&9$tT#ms_VB6!c6ZNM(KUfnBt*;z_6YBecRMa5Tlbx!W%R0pX2H<Q1o$q_oj+lQh5
z0Jg1~zDrKOc0#VcgIJvoc@sS#8b>~j{nNU=4_c1#q?X`zpR&2`qW#NH27G49=Hk}j
zQUD_0i}A336b<C1^Z<KkvA=bQrvj0-5<QLew{=cTY?z2!v{gggD<249VS2RLDKu#S
z)Pe{jx~2x%oK?-i8X9K~1d*LzkOfWcRM^Fh^{}Ev5pd08wLvD;ZQznYIQbhmC^tRg
zn)!%1AE4H2Xf@Q)Qsmg!++0$Ck?)v>+FYMS76!(Dlpittwg*9bTvCjRv4df{;`TLp
z79fXD6|~lrAd^xC#D({XMxxr0Sv^6-xpOid$$bd!6cj<XQ+hO5#znsC0i`tvK;T7b
zlE9rsYXsdWRpYeQbP>+3e5>yo1Hzw}%^5~kD*H{yrDZJw#Ed39s>(<j5qojtSLz<}
z9$QU+Aeot7VBH}cIMu_?G^JVhF!ljPfyBHP`FTj-Xd!f_b~JFv4YfL2ha5%2Tkebd
zC`?QQgT{NfQ&`dMji+I7I0M~FxI4Ad`qL3^Xb2+FfyVSO2Bzeb&t5fU9urql7ig$+
zrG>pzFghSFa&_fWFMj%n#m=XdSw^$~P@`afJ@z#*u|P)9#PcJCS|PbuSZS?ttpYC;
zTbAdCZ52X~bZgpbs>F?_g&Hsc)7wCaNQvV`5U8sPnzV%_e5CBCF(+lHl@vgLv{vCu
z^#%6`^i!lzr%0txtkx?^28_F3jYYXyo;XN&NmOh#AL3e&@Fld7ZgmzWLOTT-X!e_b
z2HmF`3}D^86o#OnW{mC{8i@k3Z(clDS2F3RZOua5Y1^UnQ|bteX=RPd$M^gtPdn7j
zi?r<BW&>N%dVF`x7t{bv6Fgfe>7lhI`4qK*A1Y0|OM*DwtK=R#h3S@52Zo2fhbGk8
zKnHb7vnmSWNAk}ju=7NVw{7ihZ(Q4dMasr~wHveyKmh0sN11&T{WSH|G!`((6fVo_
za(il5&PeU5g&cWRrpYjn2qckv-h%lLJZzwB16%gfh7v)HNS<p8mNcWT)*(ig<yvva
zyB0IAF-xK_k%$)-rkJ32^x^T$e+c^PVrk>YjL9MN4rJCg226NzOC*5!)CCKF+6_ec
zi;*F6+&C{_q|~_t5^Tw3efQgb0C2TX<W2^Teu@a1K5RV}s{F)2>i+;mDCks&`J9V;
z=A-6k=I7|8{P-DyhPgTcQqmyPa0jx8=mEU>Z|}F!RXI<?dmlvr%NZKA`>1b_iY$WX
zk+p!L0z=E1(W%_c=)EH6%wXhyXhl*@K|8PF7bl%wIbqrag@GRptyYu?vZ!pt3N|_y
zI%{)lbJWmx$L3sK$5Bo6<Z~)CYq^6K+uSKzKt}FNtA*3u`9&Ec(``PQ@C376n~66k
zyw{}tQJ*-&NDO5Jt*Jc1>uU0)80yE>RkK)4^A(;;v#8=gs(CpXDp~-4NM0v^t`R35
zHMM}N{Vht4ZF+l~o(fXq1#NBl+8-caDIPR2s)4+~;oG#4S6v1Zd`oZmXqh_40pwJV
zXrW%%m~G8i1NBi>-BWzomg0-FxD~$MvnS(;PqK^BujOW-)S0XYdr+p+ttWg{rTTvn
zy!@Po7lg^WKKBFcsNPe5R=Oiii+J97NwJ5I^3baBoxt4RXP{F3RYHhVop%PmX$G{S
zT{kxqUVHU#QaGm>VPIzkiBqqH@IKnhZnI>OcDAjP`ireT93L->{^n8QV0A_9^qTRT
zyFmw?=<-P<u4R>r$j0o)jZoKJDypExxpEJ_qO3rw+NcPr6&5vr+q<X{B-CEj#Ew;4
z&;_qV#>RZ7BKAe&+GsVU(d<$|%rN?>(E(EwF{8&A)B+lp@fKL)QttlhjZHt1v`Xu1
z7Eni~kNRyDx|5b3B#7I%k_Ak{Y_3Te-y_t2>15+>71ix_{{ZH$sQa&yABR)Hd4{-1
zduU)2$4amju>p5~itjM;q14a>mSfJUYSjji5m8fJYG6f8O?4nN`Y%^(2|THd@gzPW
z{#p2kcWrwGWn}~q$im?91RD9>ZFCN>ab0k-Tm3VeMCbfAJim0-dz755ORb{}(9Xda
znSV5*@VF!QPhqA3ZPET19j)HR)uiaIrZ*dvv?8-aZx(TXhEt(MSexTO*EN!IoRrp3
zz!%HMPlc`QS_wP)s6X?q{3vMfc(aiAvwf7TB%J8m;+{|Zq*Par_?2yaMl${EgZN_y
z+d+^9>tOsapZv6Z&;8GTls=jX)2vQ@2pj6F+t8byT>Hn;e!7Z{!<n^my0!M69BXn5
zq|J>qIV1dk85NJB`q#S50$es^)L2NquN8Pgp_HlMMXT6;p2+#Wj|g*ij2LA8?}zHF
z_f`|+%C4qtfjrY|ZP)46uCOUx?cvtc9GrPX&J}OBPvO#pC7lh`iu2laxb@VnH7WH*
zr<VH_cYC1dd3q^mt|nXe*GHCw+HF4?aR<F>&k>1#(ZLTBd#p7Ej%o2EVIq%p*_Tns
z(V~q~DVZ1_4Xh3L_R=dnNA4}gn$wZI2M$(15uAavaWyV_j7BsqD_jBvt#MCB6l7?k
z{AqY@8c$8BxU?YOh@r4(gA%JK+BG`SPCRbNp+LDB)nDIQViml}>7qm@k%(fQku9`p
zFW*&v4Kxd4qSw-y>Qc0MWC44DONM-v+hL*ND!Y<dCv|P$c#j&pO(fuM7Tc$`hS3<n
zW;R>#2Ce2Hw~TS&ORxmYU9)&}x({tq3zBTX4Yg`@gc%6(CyL8pdkC!Xrrf<Wz-<`q
zU}Ov}?%$ms5N-|Lrjl7BkNJ^@BnuuC{vJ$!ZcIrKPXW{$not6hm3C4N>kAuqRq<3v
z#x2`R4K=j_C9~Q~s-6a{OUBpWc@e|aL~sy67)c7TwXc6wa3s{Mh4_KHx3;B4#+*kQ
z0JgPZQF1Ckph4kqyRU6UtxRk~7%D7DwJQ>-Hevv#;yx4~isFDPVy9jrj~TcJoeM^P
zb_chO8B{L~L7+heUaAFJtrAT|b#*X0gD@UjcHB{@QxD5NnoIx*$^tfvH4iJo!=1%*
zi!c>A*51FnQZZYL>q592`}kGDl1`r56OnQ|IM6ee);y?Sc!$$g4a%s+tZl&Yprkj_
z&iuAKwwqPDmYEm)B8Ab<`l2{^O*@-^i1W$07y-7{G@8Z+o=nA#HWviz#(^@dZU+^$
z>GkQ;ps-~=+8q5hcVI&(u(vuZDdcvDz@wem(dnUP`l%KzyqoZ~t6ol@GeI0dmg-os
z^wO=;a&CM}Z%<`XYa#)fJW=yD)~Sx6q+x9>!i&_wjgWJ<5ktfAOm(mVm*oY2sY&IP
z6vV7{F8~dyFy&a~-!|q(TOMRlG8Em<byUPeV4XAuoTwiV(#?kJbYckY29>t&61CLn
zeidOA$+4-3#;U>oDq3g)vq;F+2SLt;(n)?gQ6yDoZ-)9%+yL5D2!;#?9ck=n(Uv12
z01$3Yf|EC~)7MWbhQg0cX*N@TOM!NZ8~*??EI4W@BPxeG?m#+Qg{a0WakVadQd+}G
zNqUGhn_4quDz_S%O_#)Ur}AcxX3#@8Adom{J83nQx7_pNO-K+0h^?-JAM+(Vyd&4C
ztf3)hwQuy8{Ja$>LgcagDsJ#Jj1Seb`I*qb5Au@acd@KCH`0&Qa!yZwQ^}Ycg5?*`
zx>Co5ZB-RSys~V~eSnZG3FWSW^}B<QE<PjU%0X~<>A(gYDVcC0$LK^LyE3GV+{w_?
zIke}o<3n7VyWVORiT?m2vtw(=-1UJxpZ1WR&A(2RH`4)6!6m(oSIYkYVh3R#LmIG$
z&%tyADc`u0*~Yh}lG{yx{-cj_t?snB18iw>`qU7`d%S)oA9Z=PdkAr%$Aut>StAx-
zS2{<eVWbg!(=Ymo)j?y)2LbEjPRTTI#`4U;B8(PxJOC9Jx0Vr9tROv8sYBCn+a_I4
zyBvJo&j2gunNv@fkoj2+zF7^=Vvb5Z6z5jzvUOauJ6&K)t~`Bzi}4=wNS$kKx_GSW
z$+MDx)ZX<rsIaXGAc~<Caw@b8si?I{wL`3lV#rh;7obu>s6Ex&$0~|ob!zk-tkWSj
z&^5-Uva3g+uo;ps#Tohtr1WAP@LaH6Z*9koU-aqQ)+JAhHu}M-kpk`qw)IYqc6Ip2
zCsrTu)IW>tQq^~VJw?8{>b<M0oY?uOk-I9wL-3lg3Uw9Rdn>TOk2H1~pEWD2MMVHu
zFg)tRS|6&9CMk|FG+Y3?ui7aAOIKQ~H5cu!wJ<4NRwAooKpjzFMUMkhU1~sjkJG(d
z&q0Bb-=7%#rayfLFG#J7oMDp~P<G0PbWhmdu-Ac7%F5_}#biUd7;ywwwCKH2I*vWs
z%aaz9Cx65{jbph;_af_V42(IL<iD7{T!^GHo<@U*;+GYV-jYW8Dej?&(xJ%5(;*a(
z-yNQw%1Z{qOeH)*xjvg#SccJjP|jcY-SR>{nhDpaXSZYx^-<>+XB^DY4`nZ7^BqZ#
zA1SJ~^cLoSr=R&vojhc11T~j+32}<T*#m%ZgnC8mdRRgIG!%QoX&=Q%WkzD@(y#pW
z2l#7GEf+Q_)>C|p{lHe|=?smtWnz<|B2^xr39Ktxo#@kizgNe80#MO6tXx%HO<E;t
zjqak*!;#{Bj{2sTQ^?+yD#aGyNQt8nu7;lLFh?MNibl`^Mg1bP$4`{3Z;tleVR74B
z>LAt0%LEM!r`=^b8}XuH6T8VQ3{nkOm^_UMrpw1-xd^iD(2_OwinMt+eqy=b11km^
zZwKwF%ySWT#&m8(cMxhkxl_e$0n+`HaTt+{K{83W-(~ildyNu!-7r*4tgq&357|r0
zfiP2l90m?fnvH1ow%x7iy&xr(2@2YFQ@C@i)<?3)I37(ytYkcbkZumT9yHE3igfkT
zc^Nqv=EgNDcs8^(>ar^WsG#t^v?{P{XQ`_k#wssm8d6ZZ?g34dn~_c9%K1~tB$f?t
z6|@w*agjBz_o}B<NjY~nCA0_KrN9MPTwQH{P35a?Wh!h4*57R?OC3N0!iwk*Q&$1h
z!0Wo~c#C&XmKS@31ey*E!YORrBo?D&0-o*0yp1QQBJGPak>TZPV+$Twi#w*!sKED|
zR&bJ0YqNVz5d`dR3vD2a>qbB>GXg|M#Esj_(NXTRFT9}o{Z(vW!bJoS2NG(c``wU#
zoh}UkNL%Wr_T|p5jLY`X@vO_ZD7du(`nI4q8&Z)3R#VE=U{}6|7+7gmxTXcS0m_+1
z_ekSP=}nMVX3>8Lphee-qmBS}P*4seTfbU65#|-{7NH4-90g5PPL(xcCb*i4<G|1(
zuS1Yr3Y*%y-ZrE$Nr3Y#Ia<3i#y|&u5Td&zk2KnXd`FETgJoqT9z5x0RRo?S)49Mb
zx^@ak&;@zgx;5V*2ZpBJs_PBZTs03q-XyDA*+VG<#gM@#n5SD2tsHd;S%TbL>B4|;
zvlQFQI(89Kn0Z@+vTap2V#IJ268SSnTI(pO>eFr@?bEuikDoN|W4f<-8dh_E19S9K
zI7+E`<RfB@E;yREp#k!9W`a*F>~8QVGIcqGWvsp0Qqss|k)-&K3a6Cq7-P(kJ58vL
zVj@{3$tuz}?%#l^g<3h(5F2&)RpUko0H~Fuh0(>Bfqv?9z<o)X8_IS(FKTW`!r_8O
zp;wI|E=<x!Rf2_WbQ;!y#oru%Y)SV<oVZlA5hF}YEsGIUkIDtagaL8KjT&OHTra)Z
zNi$fRi<3f9GMPI}jj)2etw3-B-@jTbNG-Q*jZDZ^6>i$Kz>=053Fl8@%OA@mWa>DB
zN<|w=+eUzmPbzvi<Ay&QSw}O%m4=G2jkN~)@}ws4yC~y*X{mFW+sc4{TK@oi{eqKJ
z+{X7Loo&XFz{^Jgk#BIks%FPADz@NmZDCiF7=dkc0E_<sWmRDDC?J+?0`Q`E$Q6Yy
zZ@SIE3iMORF>o2Uc~P5sK&+f-51km>U|0%c^(@|BO?ADDgedizmzyQbYX^*5@jOk*
z_0{-;Rp3Rc!n#ODubA(D=wSB1zd#hDYc4tXqWY<fW9IZIhipZCno^2xFk7_>{T1f%
zvi|EHj^2x~459vxPr`rssm_&**-DCkk^;P^>R(+eG;J&r!5A$hj1>Up#jDcbVlEaW
zc);AK@waPpu9;tHE-lH$bpG|9B>}*`gVZa>{;2BXDr3`e+x<L$Cix6FJCD2Q6|wq{
ztbb3%@*qF!G64zNiNL??uM!5)VXtZJHG4aMnfeoVz~X8uc-L^P$RJl*ruD{vD%BMv
z)lKLFlmj9T))eM^EU}pY@PlG~G@5@gKX`q0t<-?|L)~gQ0fN9)Y)1n{VWm=>lLdDX
z#-Heo{{V7M^<ngXQdH+jV4XrEYu@Syc^XjkVFujm;%`7Swjl}DaHLWQFSOggN_Qg=
zvhJAOxa=P2{k5K|kY-~tiv^tzwzFD3#c@5J+UmW&y6WaOK5o$hZZtJpFycL8n|NIb
z+%0ZnQ9>fSB*Yc!3WG!{4MxtxNCAb`-$AVhy5qj#VibaZDMdnASD7GvHM{zU9ysw<
zbkW~xI`TdAowAoP#w5XA0I8_4sRFE$IQP|p)PMzAfGM<BSXJsQC<41jDmErW*m(<+
z29BQa<m=5%Q%agZdz>8Da-vD1H%SKr#2&*!p9saB6!DM9VBweHcKZ!^j+4|59Qzpm
z0H>7rhr)h;D)zY2Eb!Rs4u|&FF6CWklQpZ8J@tF`&c8sV-@<x>cE@jRH!LO@Q5fFy
z22<KLnolV0k2v;#K8iMjaIJ~xNW9pu{%Rbti55h)!^-*|<fF<h((%*cbo%dIkEslQ
z%#i&Qw_G${%J#F&06?+gG&S4IY?2N!y0|`rS{dDc9?+b)WFYM_IvxhxZCR(pgm#MQ
zO*CSAT=Hb;%_3N`fXjVFVnv!z?T|D^{_-2Hob6iuI$xRS@wXDuS-mPOeyYtd?qy`N
zfK{~jO>^lfqg9j~zs`80Wt6b-Z97}|O;kps!s}@OxDBSD(tj$lvph!6q0^DQ6lZ2a
z0#1W}A|5+mTMypjM`jt~i#!*zsJ9z|%Cs@&bJJmF20^)l9xMQ$!1!4<Sfn`e@<;c5
z0jY_hml_;&18V~8<X>&r=}Eo}mM=CsjngA|3Anbp8eZ<A`*c&pa;*r|%LJjL+CT>D
z?wfW}(W(@382G*5M+$1fg5xpfgUWW-?z#GZjV-!mHefHufTFfG(R+_9aeh{=P+3BY
zFjK?2s#gI)Up7!gifyR46ylxJZyE+5(z{cY)vhiN4QPRyCOb~xJ==cDPa`#Rf%z#t
zUtMFtBxvW&QpsWsGTE}^DS|*O+*k`8C~J<Ijc=#2g$oQ&5ux0C$WVyd#b~QBl{}e$
zG;!{+`i%*E{BSn5<Okh6E3X`cn*?HRLE(A;>v*=mZnS3)8(KCtuqR&L>K5WWC&W1u
z%hy(smQ%To#{$}Frqls-$jHzKU_0xhVoBE9k1DK5kVUtK9-~$bC?u5tjyDv9Tu#X$
z7dBpC)b53@1CV>g3v`Uys2!$=;xNpAssRA<I@1DGcIqF)+e8ee+JW6d02>jdhYc$H
zMYzx)qzh<8KOBwaI9?%cwVxi*W1$z<ww;PxeMlDNZFQhbD$YUz!&;+Bx=q}uDsQK-
zRGaS8=%gXEknQii8vg)AA{xe+Spj0hvYKH5?@~^bFyMfDYUJrvA_i|zt!CDLxrV*m
zsB&EyM{Oa3mgYix>aGH?(u|}$sz}h#GS~e>cUr@hA)<4@GO4z<q@@-Y&{5@<Ni5C<
zz_zrc`$UIRZpr|z^$l(`BJIBDO~)~%T%#Ll$5DP2R#S84I0LYMWjqYI%gF-XaVM}F
z+tO%FJkl+iLh3l{r9q8tf4Vt;w}on^SkT!<<KLk6Q2=s68^-5sV~P6(PDJ6tpcag9
z9keEqok=GBgOx}n&_}mX%nO=*SREXGbL~KM=6O-%E8vPTZ~+E{%Pb>q?W%p@doid&
zu}ZF3ZRKrk>7?>7vAdXdh}4Dfmghj0HVL`70j8i;mR+Is_l|;rGplfazpjLwhX4ll
z=0~QqS0w}>GdBIYYo+NG1n33FZBe&gzzV03AA!}QV9|#veeX>UcR&acfWVDyLxx$R
zjg$)#ZVd^fnTfkz`kg9L$malEA4b}2cp9lj8j)d7l`W44?w_uKG;XmHZ*KZ(+yXe9
zv#vUjd`;LXd9of?1>3@ZI03?{66jcyYwJ)DD&E&O){IEf#E}ps#@pY%oq#Z4EyVMs
zh!;GC>6kY8v90xDD0&AF*)m9kt-u_tDQt8<G9_>2$E&&FOy(FOXPQgSRM?^$D*o}T
z`DdRbr`=2FiYx_9bQ!7B-{v}w<z2Bx2}S#9U)7S5A&77!vGrDehem`WO8iIxZ}ip=
z>UT2dh{4epTTx8ibO)i1bUJE#DmTfX3#m30aJ-ay=&&dg#rx~^*Fzxm{V`d3L}>o<
z?hHHbX*kXC@Xs+JU#wP!7yD*j$sg;aVTI+2C|BQHk_Wc+=IeWZk>5uZU*c%=TtCc{
zE<tb@tY7@iS{a#tQDNgrlR30;i=Oky4^198)-+hqSyWgG@qem%r_N>koGt#J9QcUf
z@^ki9`*reZa7QKWmid`Ed6Q=4$(J^-A=B`v;G@w&y-79|2D=fFBA||S)dbK4)Duy2
zQ9u)1YlU?JIB^HCiq*^CE*y-bzy}`w>dPMRt@lv<EcWexrDveg=E&tkBAhXXP<h&b
z(3|U^ry?g44t%*hxK`u~vFsJ0jnkGHqMLELI*<;W>Hh%I+kReq4;KDC)~=Vr8vFs*
z+gRIi`MRt@wRYEpz9IUCb~+NFw-KQOTFRDDDtW*a*&-VqIo9O8KN1LA%8ybv20FI7
z@imduea7y83VnvIuw?Z;kD31flXZ0=^Bw;H`(5?b%?#YZokx{x+j+4SI9Tzt+nqsJ
zfnqp{tk&}a=xwjIn2+-CWs=q};T6|hROY*v25Ukkl<n~DB%4)d#G4!jk$ero#{*8{
zL|u;Ge#DPe7p%6<pA2@k=LC=46u6H_Gce=xb0JQDH*xf9TR*A~`bbvRCPDNH&gikU
zok3Y`c$ByYpDR;8sj?DZmyHPw3p1(WIaECESD}BEn6)<)J9e7upyEYrKwZMDFG3O^
z=R{TvE-3*d6VBDaK<}=o+uuMIuCS=6E(d)uEn!=I3#=Gq5KMF$1KPjYSOuNCg;MN>
z<3<L5;EvjxRarwCaD6gFS&>+HiujP$Cr}@imFoI{uKh9A226h`Dg4#<Jsj4Y>o~{A
zl32&QEdH)_&sF1iWxT0E)Bgas#9zb@u}P|9X^xCI+27k!kk^kN@T)hmYO(k+fIOnN
z@m71kB)XdId>LHU1E<YzxsUX|mFEyx4@G)^4x&%={FV6HD3{T3SlM{(i;~#vZ)+7j
zs(4pTG%(_Bewdh?S+UN(Tig%A<Mz_g!z@ytDT;zf1ac#h6;IQ$?9X_~u$DiiP3qE5
zHa29Wc#ud`gTv8T**_;7a$0yn5=4{5B8!py*u9=5qO4NvCMH>;w$j6j`d5twhCX6{
zM3BFcA`@VE>TjXpQtOoi$G+_|6&shr_d07+9*n7LO$gZ(t{BEel!n($J1Cf)PI!<+
zPn`z_j!s{?YU!AccI2UQFL{t{ap_(Li}J}Tw7A4%C9L5+^}jN_XznI46Rd%b6KinK
z1AD^VgPjV<!PxjUI@?Q*>P<1<dWc?s<Pr`1EVkiI<7cTY7HHaUv`z)}I(Yv8Z7Ad*
z%%kL_zP1{lipI0-yNJG)zh!F(8aO40m2eX4bE6JAQYJX0-ERX}8fl0c2LnPa#>S+0
zwJC1((xH&A1`WuM+gy%!1qWg6wv@oSlCBwBaRY(lL`jC@dtbh)jz)|Xj~&8)xOqXZ
zrTI`Gl1g1{Kpgb00Fh##>3j38^OoAR&v2@Fs9NN)BA1{N8OOW0Uxt?yU(EZ;H5#`H
z36O5kn^of=xv|g!Y<p>eZHz7M*z>&^R9J%|l{_`phNauWN`uJMgqHT)EkFcV3j$U}
zJ4MI@lWK-kSj^(vu0Jokg&!S%9a2)~?wcE0mSqd74aAF`bRvNlf<-q{EIDaJB^7K1
z&oiwAyf*$@FKNA4Ne!%7(0VUN5Do-(xfUdL)sVz>7YaQTyOnLbTnh_pp*48bfFNyP
z-Sh}$N&+m}_E8J#V@oZ=hA|Kay=`dB$Vjrbw16mWM>;CF8?Rxd1zClEfQ^m4H7#%f
z^2j{Ny{HhxYzY8zqP(g!CXrl)0_B2{TxKnDq#s9ZF+lpY#m5R>Rt+ez&`^G9tzd0q
z!m3!d-J?^+)C_4Y=Px0z8V+1?{J~`esRG1Q%B|-WT?Mb}s`;_Bo>-BUuV5|D(?<Xn
zXeT@YJ;v0&K>}9fX{@<_Wre~C8Ll<bk#b4gbtks;A(6ju8Z&|4Qo(@SsuZ5z?XJHA
zZ&g88b9IjXo0<khk%zaLDux_&CiFiq8BdNzC$U%d(;i>O6>Y#93I)aXmqos}P=4BJ
zh~+ro5|NSz66f|+TOvjlODG%y3YBDCz_D^gtlSMkvs{JHebAzR)B#Zw5xMLK63lh|
zw8kt5@`Z00H}r7jL0Mygo58(~ggM|j-kHP6Y4TA5Dk6hmJrp?@7mNvtfGxU(B55VG
z<8JCSn#ym$HOcOwnP3X*yb{O4X=Gr0NL5R5tK+I1f&ssT*GRUI0c-cyKnl!Dd?tsW
zAdUc5)KczLCfo6U6v0rygF-O_>ZF+1IP#TXNSO&_xZQfJlKIF&uF>he0>g(rYVoP%
z-K|_LNtOg9$ELYd+Q4x%{P425HUJ(Jyre_}XctZ#ZfSW=g+W)xP#eu~mmq`3Pe7@Y
zCmT(XG>!mU@D?4yxWRe0NPGud@a0y+Qx@>ZTX(oXJZU$7fusQBWV(=%tZB}}>%CRJ
zV(6^xchbvYr5T|pj*jaRxw~#U(4Kr@Wil5l?(H9K9gxlblDja=9weLJUKQkev-!P3
zW5fe$_1Nqq>1zB2-QL>qGC!Fsx%=!-(@$x8n-#Pw1**zzA|A$HuDg)Z<md-|5pg8*
z!b)woYuI{!cvj7=363YI#P?+#j((606Qko3kv!-5YUj)S;w;940di%DKba$_Pg?Qy
zR@70)jQ~Jwk&Ck)?MXGjm%h)L(`$PYGrv&vLDR4f!~UXcq$8N^Z&i3AG`|zXp89*M
z^%m-x?~(ojcpzWGIr`}aJ(b<JPa5@SEu69{Ds54JRw8)SE!kE#<x;Cajtg;C3sc=w
zK+d&As&C4=fGWURw_$bunRolb!@SlLI)H9#&~%6qu_BqgPi-&3eFBxV8Zjdt8y;Fw
zurcGw%@N8sA};;BiSMei?UF_8b{|b2qXK%Nx4W>5^1V&pvdwZYZB6Q)a%$kJ#ndK=
zKv2kk4Tgh5OXV$$tKMmZJ37LTi3<G}s%9;+BptffHD9~BI(HEBpEC|O_@iH{u(O5Y
ze$utKjCXX%Phyq!X;}FHki+niThQaSqh5di0O(gzUSa<L{ySGxL7~zyc^!%=7t+R<
z%>2AqAsk!8X>^SmP@q|vh4}NMXSi(Aql7Ad6b}06dLx}`F@+Vb*0$RLOMan}?~e%k
zs$BZbsjP980RX9%7uM^mE&FRHs?281l1+TA5gU;U{j~_uEQaWi2YF=%(k9<5_wxt1
z(7Nl1^Hj2wbU?1B;_fuxMT7k}pBogIv9aQ;y@XO3<z&y8&Ia&ykiPGPQeQU5E0CCf
zjRz4|R8hbRf2R3Ql#y)=tOzS@DxF>^;LmuX8xqQFI9!Swa}sGrn}`+wR<zhL%hKLp
zEi5a!Sa)#-vOp%*I@h2+WPJj6EF1FJaIqKCvAb&2hxv|&9u~&~&H0O9Z^od?c?trN
zVOIwA)^HarPZLl$*I1gcQ9u@|v9PIsy{e4Y^iT!y@+8KcXN2u^Adgjj3#Vs8)bN&3
zVi;|aI}b5mIIW-4Jxt+e2wd6>j|uDz_f2QJNm8{%QNxaA=TL>AZ!hkuFjL%4l~)5{
zPST)yg=%$3JnUWT?;#ic+v`~}n*}!3<cj2OZ&RYMsKMoHi;W*SasfWAYd5cdF+EKq
z98xiJ``Xr|;`3lf*h?Q(X7!~(pXLvJ$yV&L0cz-`sq>Qu#Q?*Y<K@FIAiy`Fv^BFd
zDEU(DvyyidK90)4VRbd8!KM++hw}=nTxfeJ+*&;g+tj8+44xDg+yS@jreMvM7{PV(
zAibF+;-q#z5mgy(JUMasiVcH*jT~F(tG+PEj`&jV8r~9Y!u_Dua^pWzp>_<o@MRF#
za@tU&2poWQ<gdZ0VzNUdd(p9GL$#erQ`}7kXiB&QY-P2F4M6?0{5jHms;5#xlNoaw
z{AsjqxOzKemVz#Dd#6x{NDzQBBhkmFwx#e{<9YCA84)=iXCeUYQ^3%F=fD%j@^tqT
z1|YO&NmKWhfWBmMEYXvVA-eAd+NWrx9I(J|8!O3Ei;=tKnES`yivIv*Rz;T<dp_2R
zOBm$)tUEy!G4%*CNRK@{sjXzmPjKJk6?MKY%xsnOFyB;hs-gIh_IFXE$`b}y7A&9;
zP5m9!ESeVEZtgWn5u%xYqi_K_i*UChD%T)x4c+Xj>>`T62<5M3NiyF0A4RH3l%9T)
zDx{4;S_DXWIPJLSrCGuQrN)C=5{p>wq8=8x@79<TzAeCoHs?lxqcV6Dfn$5~pm<Ln
zG)NBDEVl#$#+TGXQo;me#t!`~1qjD3-4u;<70Z<2wXr_RD`Yi)^a9?R6rf<y<V_oL
zp%!3hiL-GdK%<4VYu7yP=wm7@d-za1x80?`il5*h>OmvRa-Gep)sM^_Y_bmE4FhYB
z2Fs2j#8s1S{{Rsv2i@Rk0ES&HBq2{B!lmSZ*s>km_L?62l_t`z+vpE{Ts-%)JVbK6
zr~sqLDge0c8-){pW<K4)-?L3<MYI-Zug>D9c~tPcVA25SW80*zZO6W>uMl0~q-DLf
z^PnV>kMUQxL8sMM6CF!TNM1WukQZh^O8I-oXa=Pm1kw{?bp-u1Kbb+QnOt^UD7{b2
zb4b*F`(B6w%O$~3fL!`$v3bSrY!C~Q2W2jDWmBV~skN+sFKUT0TZ>9SVQmJKz<rpt
zr0pCjKyNyq#m1#`RZ&!0*03b;t~n!@(Muo)sWqn-eWKplTTlV>4gDOd`9w%VF*<3j
z03P~lKnf1iaK!qmC3kSDg|EyG${w27-mB(FytwkB22abm1*9Q6FUGAJLc5Ed*XDE;
zZ<@&36=Oty3&VHz*FH?`9i7w@$7=8tIU0iIXd)U%;yr@H>8gDB8VH7+^-&v0MU|z~
z&?-zx0VSOx1XzROKW!N98361hb~d|{eXCCN^iMP}(e@Lwn9`NqjpB6N`#Al<O!VT1
zD3n`x8s_Ah7=`4z?&qP_moPH0HnBFarX+D@0BU%DooQ)hb^x0O9_bvdO-K&NmYU^l
zw?lD2nmyo)X~gJiK7TNcWCZ#J>W`O~DwTK8juryqmx~;Uo9nKWR#qbRJ3!-ChA7=w
z$ZfBN+-i~*1dH31s;3|lH9spEQR3dl{OV^ej1V@Y3$JAt7aj5;iBQ-FJI(E-DVo6b
z2N9ir!r%*YwJlrq0sNR`lO>WgENltv0@Sucbof-JRJ+>Xn4<9=J53v_%{#hc#Kj^i
z3x&|La|HKRQe#GvCq5rtB(a<oBTdwquk!f86lf%q#B`v|CToCYnAwHGuY_CGS7)$z
zzyJp}C+w~`^UQ$lDxg@q_(#)57bV<c&yI_KD*fw=o!Zopiq^J+Km`(4#6mpDeAfT~
zv5hqRRY>wnNU0QI0d2QBwLHLJ+3GTUzeWIPb^twf<bvoc(|)CGxRFKi5%dc4d<D-c
zt*sm8$+n>}mv&qVco!F^vR2vUM-~bPwvfda%z@6HF>gg`Whwrr83W!H1HSaE{p<XH
zSyf;0zUbcRa04W{M}_t$sCbPd`nRZ@d?AMsw7GgQ9HSohw}owfULGh8Y_YA__wgpa
zebxGl=jXmb2WPtw>`__mSIX1D1>OYO!@@KIt6g<G{k1D%KpK;v71m^RtzAZ!8CD|A
ztBY&dKp}^^-lISr&bq0&m)>7k)~qCdM&Nz42)L_NIBQoS)k89sR`*F3y%IC38I?uJ
zu&CY%3c9g2w|T7;=_s*FCPCjMV@3O*+VwWQYp)XNw`;fK!&12YIwtAOnKE8SH%szf
z6|2%LF!qiLNUBOU^oW4?R;$xy2@4{E@-rQXIQmautZ8>=Y36OawyR3Q?q+6xLouHv
zqp(C{xbyK=wmfmb*dAB`S~J6$JWU1Se>*xUExqGcA$VSm8NNSFldx?*+f&~7qCao*
zeTc|?y;cSs0|D)#bp^IX`&NO~JUKDH3l$^OX}+X9Xx*x76|H+67tp=~DCx&>ut#7?
z_SQs>&deiSz~58C)u)1EIFosQpcIZx_dEui>o!cN8buMC__fl*#o1fc>T%g*Ugx*}
z0B>sQt()lb{dLt)IW#d;HcApthf{v)4lp@6Qa>hgeN@sgjw$9VVyHm$noAoQ+8;Dr
z5NrrK)i<g$T+P>iCmu-$-BL%gu;WqX*@eJT#{Sx3OsS3>xbk?3Dysc|#OqW=46Z&R
zv5)T^YoBsdE~j7Z<Hpu}h9QPrJb0cUT{fwfE?}K^En&|7ZcNO6^Rd^BdR)NEEFMv{
z$@3I*MHjCvxb9}P_c1?BZB8uadXDr+!*wxk3Mq`Ojh&k#0KrX#{{RT8ew-V#q<+9E
z9k(WIpA?Kfn^bP<{Smi+?UdW<Qzkgn<CIXW%ek%2wq64_NlaxSOyyGNyx;7se2?eE
zzYJ?zyMjf855!vEx`fs(xu<zLu9B^fAC-#OnGcTS5{AKt0y}76>smcz`J*2zft_CC
z(AAk;wQ`Z>y+Z>~S-Bb>>s0Qh1ePa_bwH~GW6FUMU1P;~jcVe5BimEu9@++buhacd
zbsP|~>naZ}QQvMpu|n!l2qsh>=^7K?USp(Z$<uREW;cQClMljv_o}_GQiNq<2~))I
z_|T8My#9*h-KUMy;lSFK#2FxO>W~Y2k(28tvwDONJmyvZ01wP-c8%4gh}-ktKz+!C
zjSmex$$=vN9YOqmMxCtbTC^0em6~QR5l>=Ewm68?jmmG_ZYfC=EV3&5s>BaKG+bF;
zFhH?Fbw<=0(#mR0TrtLd%41<-P01rpH7|^$m&dx0MYXlhcV$*LidF?ljg;yiRP{9#
z!$vlcLb2n-Y2GUwtSlPJwxyRfl|*@{9B>Rph#$Sqi!?ZYtqMk)k`|D;W)~J=Zwpl|
z8<4gSbtD7I-0It9jgOSV-+Ct17<1B;t#n}O_+=E67a|GPNF4ivY^k9oM>;%N_}O-k
zJb6+Js?G<5lktv5s|2djZpLpeOM+mR+&{S0CmuPArqdolF7g)8dIxBte^=B^C-M3a
z*d_*Oq(ISs$r&NR(A$9&EO|~edjT@zup9B)mwI*@=yI|!m&u;f;xM>d@CTY6RKdns
zlx1}CB}=a5Vd6{ZcP&2oT*+Y-Vo<sn5ryEA{{Zlj-9QZ<=8U$}$5FucRTf{Do=kj;
zG&`+z*J=2LUT|WOT5-7~)K3=%9k-^siH&(c4a(bpl=t(Y%@7Fh@Ra~|?yKUYQg1l&
zZw+I&gNt^G?2qM2J{Cdr8aRpQC%<j31-XhRoULsDu;)<GJ@s9~hK8vk6K#=|9O>X7
zxnfPijXNlbJ&3vhXc3bUzTa&T2;4n<b*3QYqBcHIB=E7dLD&dBS?{r-m%qOVw;PMq
ziHM7T_<=lyArrPDKnQjGRXzofN3h=Dd)f=tM2d&Nx3SQgy2{TwctE=g(U1?56j<^i
zC@fo@`|9(>3@WC?-GH_GYMIUcsy#2DA5B{|yfLk=OoLingPGY-tWs?ZEnq+(Us|u1
zzzGukKq9Twq}!Afs<7I+w;yc*ULe+J%I@HQL8{CMF$_E=R0rWJtxCF!?sU^b;h}EF
zW*06SmG!F;2`zVEM;$rQ{AdBuZ*sCGx{<c76}8(cTaADeuIy`H%x`5&Bnq2@HoP?A
zX@43FA(cU~Yxmex76!x>x9-r8#KXtB<Atij%-lqGAo8^W2wdAq1-NJ`k{bY7?hgxp
z3ap6h#M`>{R#gjq+pWr&9HAs&fHN^R0>agxIyeJ!OSar>H2P^SoPX6sEx?^?LP?}|
znL}Aegs&@7Y#<YK$N;&V+qX&)!ovz1&pS^72OCwwhKzW&sNM9`6+sk!FAdFz^iq<N
z2lCjVl~z_QAiC+Hr6pF1Rzh_g$2x3(`}o%2E(I@|*2r;kIB88VY5^-mHFaid=r3VL
zSzMb%5`)@7Y63a10>Q7w*P^ELa_m(>vw!fRfp-(K{&d?EpLYKMMV5vm$J)%O^IP6N
z=&S6Bc8iw`b<)C%5k$n1kZrjG*Gg~#<(?$mkRmBMk~exd(ed6<m{gmct-`~9l`S!Q
z0!g>7haNzRe=_BTh}XPRi4g48@?TCy^nzq6AYGe?=1mpyUR7jU00*R-(uHiq6Uv%g
z7*8OK<=c9wURE0ET%z_aFMH83tRZqZlWY2oQ^md|QFb8cJLm*ZBbGp_MxgiFn0#2H
z1+p9^!6UW30;@hr#seE0#gKG=d3f0TD@$7tIr)ZcnK+V%YWfK@WM#%#F`Rr9AU21a
zwf?HGRO!G?Et@fv`BCu+-re<Fe5|>Fg998wZ||n9Z^Z4wr~MWimz{=YP}HD5mZ$MI
zI$y_8l}t>@%uNy&{G}};XtyMja%hg27^=TBk-g9nvMq0Oe|nV4&Cbk!iJj!x05<aD
z(Fd}HJP|750(SzJ+3{TQrw<9gpazqwk-Ow^)-8hU@8WBA>q^KnvP!;8jKP66zM4}S
z$&)f;L|bs$0*ld350Dk}=MdN%Mm$er=%t0H{aHdnHAamB?j+oSsj(F9E)iU)y!Hr7
zk1jvF$G(PhR1Ytw#jtaKne}t%?4$IkZ=DQ|OS#;{lY3ZD<~avqe^fo?g*yR1WoPuv
zG|6e2LAhaDh2&V#{{T=+zo?ZQBTzlM(Ru*z<rCPyZ4J8ZN(!mDn+oibA_cDFQ`~FO
zV&XKJ1E`P;IOo6*-}s31R#qkxW@bf>ya6o7v2UrZ?!BEKOX+2QW3Z9Ol>&F$kE)fu
z%|@e`O&H&*deD)+Lmjsb46Hjig|9kXTZK?57c6eaRz39~S4C>7p&2(N4{)hX9Zz_x
z6{sHij?zB5p$_D$c`iV|Gf0u!Ua`7&%k=D*lEzaR^$S;>F@{m-s8&x-1BeqfQmS}>
zX@`W494JhLRY*a9REhSJ8Z#*3KqL=MdLFwN^0AuVbbVEBl!dw^iaCjI?5lNuA5FxQ
zxqtH3JFnkP?7f#hNXIdQkrsnTO?m5Ec|yY`+`vCYVm|)>oP~$Dc9ZR`?7%k7-iul9
zzlUR|_P?LF3HQHCh=FL-D%|m7-Q8W$$OduyrikZvMvJ(A53ZN#C-bIW)gM8lZ&oeb
z?e<}qU#iMEJRemKBWw(Q*rsJZ+AHbSBK%PiK^kJrzXnD9wXWu9yQ80B#_w~w&)s3!
z^%`?9?}7*I1L+j6R2!pOIXn7X4a@<5R+Z1fuc_G9BcMD;eqs#FUK`LKVWsE9iX@IT
z7u#zS$4Ya5q@VT04+#;44?j$Tp!=1*c^o&?%h<iA`L)z-<FI@8_4Zd*f(ezAAIUT}
zXy)Dn#^THe+fU<0BZf5W8v5y+jBI?R+mN>--Er?PpwjIYMnAlK*m+1ekKPp)w4$q6
z6zWKb(JG5>C5ZG2>@*Bu2k%H*)S%URi-wvoID`PCKwH1RfAJb;5jM<&;EbPJ8&+0x
zYNMqu9gB53a^EpLn%W3R9hYEDd8pTViuC)3%H>M@U(EG@HvN_6Vn$=NO|%uh-xHGD
z4PVnM<DI(*9?AeW!gl`vGDGyWGx~jeyljR%LpS^)l|lZK9eyVV>8$r3x&Hu?IzMW%
z-}bWdi{_E=f2b9+kZmp`e++Ur{2^-~c)EnW#0u5QKkJcx3}!#XYbEoqN}KP0t@X1o
z`jEd!!G6Y(Z|kg^irULhGxYvDaoIZ$ZR;c`94oS~2cFhJjmLndp9V<rBFbhPWH#H(
zRRY$RQUy9T3VdX-^-$hWL70VCj~c(4v<jM`1@nhxe^^SVj+6?T04qv_5ytvgu>B>}
zzH12LNN+wSg8u+|BkrG93h`9eP0y33X2+Kvp$(*8i4VLgH!0;-zJsly$?GM6VdiB8
z7D*v#BKt?GhlDoyjqo7)7WJ=_1YJiF9v1hPd{Pc!hYww356i~PW2VI*_i1Y5+;WoZ
z2S(b5e`nCbD(A&<;@8_o!;M*r$ZyO6+d~6DJB3;>41;m7xz@U#kYupr&^X~EkSX1~
z8xD8xs$(`n%(0-^8;)Y?NUA1W@esN=D{vcMrkaZ*71(bk84kBPp}(TCa+92wj>Q%5
z<$E>pr5b2%gr5FXPb)GF&3`g7r)wsl8l>2gf5wi;fzj+lif%MI-l&pEk19uu_6|tc
zb&tB^l`K6!5XpGnIqZ(xNFhkSD{-sGkupZBDEWvEpzvfIG(2ma@g-t1;xJ4Iyy>iC
z(^4_=vEvOB3E^LIMAyPDZE9G6;u(TG4dnqc?AziWn4X{8KrzjWGBzWE<~`((cFXTn
ze<Q;oGO1`>ec_?p7W#@dHfn=^3Nx>Xt>AFlc)JgMB`Zw<^&kvhpz79KdDz{>^m~uH
zLXJ#~J4d&CZchAX8fnkEiZEl4`{oHXD6OishMQbfV#{sbPI7KBk`?Xa8guQc?er1C
z419yX3H+>quaM@)`;A6kpy7UBsG-uwe|@at-xqBLTvaG!h>3#RW3M1Mf_T&%nNayz
zN+*aYDoODGeioxqK*}YHv_)h`u?#s1I<o~9?BPiWB5)+dn`Y~U5_lNfjgJFIN63X0
zWkTB6$;#A#ZWn#!NCj<r&3%RSC3Wo5v|@B=2vc)v&O3LI%5U)lPNcHR<O>Nde>*6v
z44X}@X4dozL|VnHdkCi9=-La50ZawjDOB8xFFkH5(O=Gt-%Z2oqO(8C5>1<am*glZ
zksu*%rv0E(%R+-fc;l8)Av&&uUdrZB?z_lk2L8U<ROLFgimsX+HK|<3Td`FGk+mpb
zTd5RmuNBXQbsd(VFO(btO}TpOf2N<#ZSQUTG^vg<(k_5r)-?DCF6a|Yt+{#MjYu$D
zunm4Dtk^QKChKG0Lvql_W4@pPaZ3+IGE`$7Y~F%u##r|3Do7sfU2&1oWZXvXRTHbk
zp<`?Dz3eENa1cyqT^7T(x<|+)_^hMRO9^HF05jEkExtDf<JUt#RH<Kke_vfgxFW%A
zQ{h_!;vDUz7tF-Av9UgybI>5J5!;s;;jK9=Gc@ux-w8Jc{6#48V_Na4M+c2Z%)br9
z`sqA^956^gBxo<C`)UkQh|xlV%1y=lX)l^y1hGDvt7UEk3xnHwUMzAu<V$#N2j$;(
zw4P&;l-9NM<LIF_LwrZke?pPVl6jumX$i9X-9cd5UzN4143}U-z3)I$z!d-y&Y^4?
z=V%_9r~$Z38540QTkD{;9i}@(YNV(<ZO)Ksm|F5&4#9f6NY5A{-(D&KCZ(Z_OJ-JC
zPR+WG(@C(4?kh3uy;#LFjowkW#UZspRZx7%16%H<zfTHlxQcmde?JNMM;~nwe?D6`
zx(1|j1M9AhOt<o5xE-L9eRRZWBnbZiFv%MbLR^kMiW>+kwlNu4m<0sxW;QpsWkiJH
zL+0pm8Ep#uBb!p~JV>Aq^%7rlkO);{^qP>eiA32Xw2kgUJ?7=9`=XG}#KfM$bsME8
zLQRzyi7b0fK};NSfBW3z$OX)4qJI@vB5b_8lMFZVV`~`HXvBIr)UF7CyX452;mG{A
zHz08!0ZqOw`XPgxD>`y<;!h?ZE@6yYPsQ6+TzFd_alZB*=s$RJrXN42hYUQ)-E<p3
zj9Bs~iK-mD?Tq-i$&CoPFKe*$7NtCt09fJ3`EZ_EVyHLse`N52EyrDNL6TmYj4mHC
zbQ@F;0s%=$BTaUmb0dLqy5^5Eqcmv|upn?3J+{(_$ji;tGnss-%HkspB8*u2&l*-p
z5IGJ^jdeSYw+FtNlMR|dK1+xIy^EWF!^VdBSh2B4P|F}5^LR(Hn&=(N#Sy!dP(ZNW
zPlN%^p6JgDe`K<w7kH5Fds%fn1!S{NIRa*|zKFUn4$9Q%k%-eGZ^8le@ug*qj!enp
zlRK(Rsl>6lJS;S(`Z*Ac&~*r+{;SZsBkt-Glf{7}+fQ@|#Q8ZcMdREHe{`D)TaCl7
z1d&yRlTV^xe5Ns)QE8^}HU8@ITJl|UsQ&;_>MtUjf58RggnB*Z^_uj5syd;>!ufcQ
z`iz^Xw-sN!)#As6K<um9ujXcUXAw|EP3x_C*n+28f#GyLjK5u8)kj+kj#Lcyd82j|
z<F+RHtH-anzKZrFi7=1ihwEDL@&5oVeHD)0kGX7u3D66k$_&b5C0$5yrqVUJr||4E
zAwP^(f2fK!$jc0%wv42WcvU;YfkpuISforTV3=9&xUXPwRm&Ut20MH=9?Obnr<>(W
zzZ7cUWdse~0oR;!I@{M#y#2Me_aNBD<6O+4!Uo_77xfz1$`_7r{W0`bFhA)cZ-Lo<
z+S!{}r0<N@Ti=(vI{yG~^0Mp!P5LnI{j{D8f09R%{!(vtOAbJ5#M21R{Vu}W0Xw@+
zv<{wao(IH+oi$;)zvF$zc0765(n#Cndxma9P6DdhE^78VwHq@@ahtLJ$_t;(%wE+~
zTU$F`ryk$?k$nAOL+JXbn1g>x1K}(^hN+crl~PT-BGouBW;QRC{D_MdGB><I_*S{<
zf1Rt^$9CgYX}&<Q@|P1T8JrfeAgb!d<B+C4QzI@`pCj@kbA6wDkFuGA9~&E3*L0lZ
zZCb9(TZyfc<Z?AGMgIV&;D3}jTZ#TJO?4N1e-PttBadZu8R{4a8skkxSr2C(%JLmQ
ztYqMjk9o2F6YnqXn)KM2uw}+2$8f`#f95-gs<j&IC1lIwU_(8gH47-$VfRm?vVjpO
z^D_;F02^CFpuIc@BIA!`bg@H{n<nGITzkT@jLCja$H#$}mVCaFz@2t|E&l+<y!2&&
zk(BB<SD@<=WJ8GP%e@VP$fHd=dn?Zp$dV8M;i0Ye^kz0TI#JuwWs{j%82Z7bf8rMy
zi{1~>N5=4UCq1ZslS71BY+>-N{))?USKa>rBdhkS`7h>1H;Xn?+V=WuODNx{&G>PY
zdv96T8srx3a(<eAV}7TYJ{XXF6`KD5W9d^}?}d7?23_B#^&af{R%*gI*29bRERpcc
z4ZU@f51FWOVav9<tD`s`rM7?#f2qE`;Kb?a_zC(2EZjXhQ-7%RY)JkXsGOmtI55k4
z>%2#R_R%d?QFc&ykSe^2TU|lx%vjXkp6gIW23jmbYBXTjQfO3qdui6*Nj_$GuZ^1I
zcE;?fL@aH>uenD%)OmqTz`3R))qauc2V?Z9TJ06&$0wQ}d3{El>!={df5??bhaonf
z-v{j#<6zC38!9Zgg`|PE4)M$%NUwV!hpY6mVmDdSd}pzSqv@_~>Lq1v4gMy(cElb%
zTKa4DT8jq7l^xT}Ul}QTY3ZQ=MZp#$LOaD7G-$tZiS?S&+6fH<i6icf%x~~YE-l=`
zsMvEO1|YK9!Pmy0MFz)Ue+n*m1IvwH73EhRRE0Ix+%4#+7<QIiNn<cE21Nye>bE>@
zy_CY_;mSwNCzB{TN`u33@hvQJ<CK)kggG7(@%S3lLyH{Xe6-=%4-9RidI>ygT2Y^<
z<YG*D(afsCNFPSqs3P1=EfWQDVs?T>7u>oj+o1((fX%^^njz4of3BDB94PCNi<aIX
zAe3lH{#o7M%BC9Xhbih<WbOoJ#26cqG(yMWxfMf)9^1zI;w!f6p%yw^R85G`uGcIV
zU9tnXalb0745%5T2XdPgJXDL(*@HP_%*GC2JCSyhyjN3ic8YWHrEf1a2q&1-{@RGL
z@!H~5IPYy78>#e)f4qnstdc6r9g3M3hP~rjJFigeQL$b%NpW9rVZ}}D>9q}}^As7A
za{+DXq4sm4e7q<YNF``>*RcBP@w+J5Dx{YTL0t}<g%j!`h9Gg(SH=~|8f&zUYs#p;
zd?*?j7<h{9;yZX6BFT(e>dgZiaTgc#)U?eT1(Yil``+n3e}m4No<d|toXFR73QreZ
z4!xqR9BuHw4mamjXtCw-EBR-Ni8=blmD6L$%XCsw+7Yh4s(9=mx48rWZhI-$(XGE}
z?BXjS71fr{ZWkOZd+C>wK*g3oNzjf$lU+b_G^vSDKjvQK`Y9D>53~SC8j>pCo91u5
z#qMjIoyFKOe<!m|DXd^nTul2}+e=!z=1D`s+{0RgtiD@aO@SI;TBhiT)G)E_rjih5
zbO;=%A<58kqeZL6z-gtm;YyPmMig8DayV;xG!uj=U~Z#B=%K6t{A^5&4&mHJl&(-=
zkoE-d`lv0FknQ}!E^4M}LB8_V<E^PB0L=ttFec(bf4>1k&08#d_|mB)>@FCd!F!sp
ze2uo;Zg>+!Ly^uPp%hrzZZ{3W+SQ};0T()Rxf+@nl0}nl;m3tG<VghZmbhCE%A}VX
zpd++#u98_6LKVC`g<E@^ecQZu<K0UrYzs*1#BuGe6KmgUtdD0qfp9oqjd1b~tQmb8
z)p`h$f8_Gx&bS*5R-<%01F#;7p&*-vHtnDb5(=9O8lWcntz3@*A+JF?3-h1?B$6p1
zV;b?jU0!BwsT6k{h#zeURqwb1YL6tdfX8S&Nu)88^PG%G0N33b*8wvT=4L4E337cN
z8&wh<FmEKr<Fo$&2CgLO@sP?*!Qw$bvX}9oe;gr8?h7_SJUA#nZClEnY-55bx$bkg
z{WLep#%tduU3n^j!ifYpv#Y!trEM-GI{~GUkt&lCiStz>2J9C0+<xzdmnWyKj_D@3
zBI*K-J8!KpR~;iUOEfXZ#G+l>cWo}xbok208p)7b!l&I^p4(8pK!nTi6~u%_Y(lW{
ze@T8-#0VKaamkwF@{stA`MKq4nI@D+we5<Az${|SZ}in*60Sjy9s(6kvbTwv+;rtk
z0!TWPyTizsc;Sc)KP^~%U8eL6y(%AlpC$F-qMLV`HcScU`P0r32_`jTy{-GS2A`(E
z;))Y954|Dq-0O8(7JuvkBg>LTSn%-`e*kY2DBRZc*L<|<S@UN|)rE>XYCHCd1o_=U
zL>oy+*jy}jL2ewXkzzBw*@0j?Z%@av{$Vg&o|Oxec`~FrSbkbt>#lC0lA~-0n5p;&
zh>rF;)gBite5C{iv2M!ajO1T%+)n|m>bzGU#9my1$rX<I7_$?u<9fD0Uph^zf8rp0
zRP30L`D)XV0xgZ)*@**^@t`+Q#fgv0MZQ!1ES&udN_ioYn6pSjfwch#duR@osJ>J^
zGG~dmDGlQ7AX>0ypD!W5HSRcobOY2YQOS>>ZN98+?KL)9XNb|8(WDXe09e>Ek@Q?w
zs=$IipM*=0rHe}|9{qlSUTdIXfBfH24ByLyZ+}<1D@XNacb5csaho*WC%3>qX`;$+
z3y9_s=enkA=VnQh_eru2#T+S1-;GYZ>#ePHB?=7LQKuTWqNix6+inyA)ec6}Qg2mn
zbowX*+~WB9d`FGqANgy@NA3?_*Iu)w68$$Ho#G!=c}36>*u;G`jWxG&f8PL*9kaxH
z9e%pnj>D)<4+c?KVA+A}ApJGDfBTR;o;okDpaa4?dVn7kM1KocL_g4V2)+r)x1?UG
zjkl>pc@pdG)~^u!&Z!q_tb^H0b$`X$KbbpN-Z4~vp_F_QgY6Zvr*r`PQQz7tAxHXr
zwC-0Ps?)=5_>i91ty%8of2*aAy_{~f%>jd6mmut8^@>*+w)F@P#c}jgSl|9Wb?jqF
zs!8)$<|Qu5;FTP0&We1W@xZ;$_1n3l)Cg6Dj+T>+4j84&$(+J342lrSbX$%#?WcZ2
z&LOgm)lJqR!~4gbHNiqC+Jk@^3f0@&;&9fl%g78^utB%{Srk|^e{ddwL}n~*#)pwK
zSn-)AaT*S1O7q#js3nw?!W$6j=C{0k1C=V#y$iLuyqj5_M-vHmO!hpGYRA=HdpoXX
zWrC3Z0H=iV9`g?KNE@>kb}r|OF}bd-t3<l9H)i?+^4qlWzaD+H)Jp29C&dw0hFP)X
z62Rs;2Qk3<MN+zee?2En>(OKp4o#t-fIo5l2bFB8y?7!4(AJ+$>yzQyIqx<&&>y~|
zySB5o+~&VR)w!OzUqX&IA<(JRR!36kQL;SPtGY5S(eq#3?Wgf_vGSr4z~RvLaUH}{
z2uho-m6C3+7%imH=cGdyL)bOZSK4T6r0Lxmt<Iy<mo^4Se@Kbgh9mB=A5~*X9FgWU
zZlzgcHwLE8e-oqj(5KL+Oc!<UZ?>KHx~EX}FR)UbEO?_lw|%tK2Kl+o#_mVaQ~B@P
z`j@?>5kN1~dV+Q`x7Arytq{IGdVEnU4^`_VX<&3DUb<<a!);l>UDS54A5CrboG9dk
z<i4ggNYk_uf7;eW3%eo}?REO=&~+nxEx#PdJwl^#!$nh5&F0`7W>#Hda(0v5#86<5
zbn!21sQPPvs6-^gg5z7U_SSS*qCTUFgYRu)>7=iW@@GX?^B4U>f7YlRkbQNUJixp5
zlO655mHR8z$rMt>mR$oMHB>Pg+SIhYHX(tS6F?;Jf3G2HaH`teN~*1BjCc0mou4*&
z@WAk+LybJ@?Go-0>cgG8sPN(<fHqmj5>4w<pu=~|@ZAx7R`eRy)`cj+DKHe@?w@6P
zZ_)ihqj%}@+$&y4FWdK*?W`pldd(6!B!)zqBWWWcl=q5PUR7wS;mNhvu>M;$q*3{E
zjpO&efAFB;V~n|-E?3Hj!bfP<w<hxX&q-NhAD9O89gaAyW%My@tb@;C7Cf}9RlTh}
zYl8TI5}<*6*zAj@<>TwC#4$V}8*6e?eR<SAJH9r=v3Bh`TCE;Dipb0?5L)BWO9eH^
zsK*NAk#O3Q4eEy+6=IG<0cGW_>ab%^8{R-df09kFz*MeGh_ATr;bkKH>Bexw$wV|B
z9-*5B;+cHpQ(_Niaii_P%u*4AGBSbXp9s^1sCd9iB-{WhyN2CG2{B!t^8jQj!ARt7
zaY|NrF(u0(p*dJHqTGlXtm^(GvFxLK)H~Qle3A(p8^s$7^6aG{%gKc{O1^X_ioc84
ze`?_|vJLT{%af0m{{Ug6)aUsQV;To_$7A`(VQX7@>ZbkFA&oR7%ZT?H5K!ORDDp})
z8Bwx0@R<~8>$O>Nm5FRgRgY?$8kuM?E%Q5$+^DZ{tEYte#|oB<9#R@PL1jCJ{{Rbj
z(IiP#hs?xS8xJuBm=CDZ<(JLaLdq84e;;+Urn&)Piy&eM-lqHrJm|7RGlgYafV)@%
z2^Q|4v4T<wW{s>hwe=p2Xp_O_KH(~d(@j*|Q=I1lfG-@0Yh5ll5v53#;?!MFYLoR*
zK+000<gJKn5W=eOAOOo6oAR}fv{RYtC<?M<Fz`B0enbn8P4%dG0t?FsxweAqe?eA+
zwu)7|jmOhWO*F`n+AzZ2FTH9^Agc)X+iM0t3u#u{unRkj@Y3~DGFZ8e`)zVG<6N^u
z)?yf6Mb?b+2nez+(|Ig75=B{Vz%odrawgV3+6$y)5xA(nq>f^v$h>N*>!G+ON_gxc
zmok6|MPtsuRC$wFep27}XiXf%e+`F*ni`#%T5-QS8W*4h5@c@{iEsP0YvtO?i~J&}
ztC6%dotv1cG2}2|vGt;R1Y=OE^MkQZpbDcwGY`yh>oh-=%OHMR8+O&34szF6{3L5~
zDD^@mU_~LCRnYL`S9Zi#EY3?`U88}jjCsM_6$QIUs5sBBnIvGII??JLe}NtF_g#xI
zJ(M=ci_0;jXUo0yJnM`Q0pgtnxdD2q7%8EV-1Y%#G1Z286_J-{W?npn56nxEwuo{u
zR>5H{*|^j+=HMc#DHl3wD!m2jP_o<I<4`#8sq<xSWcn)c?^Pv%*O{OQ2GFsg#vVpd
z!t_>s(Gqm3<C0}vZ9vOBe-e3x7k1q>uA321s+Z7%b82bkL?jZ%!un7$*bgm~UgLqO
zmOK<pC{6rq-L@8^M}>|Eyk)<5-h{K{ve^(1Lf*KXvZs6bcj0ymOWn*d$g<!%5@j)>
zn~~Z(wXOpOGH;Lz5J6PeN=>21xfA7XBT}df{U)Y4a3VtR<Fu^0e{PkmJ&R5{wgEiO
zndT288Rc=Wi0FNkb!^1}ytuHVz3yxckJCUoeL__$3i&~_3mV($ss5ELjlM@Kptx(3
zessII{6M6WV8wmR`3_FwZwh-(v=_|G$r~XaOnO`<ntFKC&xwT`jU&p7a0Qs~^;KId
zr>BR_E}&Q}Np2nHf1IugM;?Nic)_wHe~g1}SJI^87A~rQkk%fNMm<Ii_m3BIvC-vY
z{{WO#2UX9Jid|tFw%RoV={nP1T%a%+uqK&Ta*%;+Z)F$1eRZ(0+jNs4AX{Rc{oEF_
z+{q(3nnrRDhjAvW8eNL2U9<yez3HilZv?!#9XYrn7cs{3f2t5#<RH1{rOht=Pb{sV
zMS*W?pz$B?9ct0x%^Xtswun8fT<zd$uQoCOqE9n#D98T*F`>r{jV^8l+81XhA@w5q
z>w36}omb03ZEbCC9ra|$V<+X~jvzBXh}!<j>4dG3AZKEV#3GZxc2Vx^JP>1y8_6IY
zs-7nLDcqS5e{^U>V1#EN2IHk7v7)o6(&TAcxERAFaUpF|DH>ND%fsoZV;<@Fk@T!4
zo&D!gB;D2?=&vc8lO}dlnKJQX;U5Z)0=*aNY|WVC9Zig;>^}&vE#@x@y`}k|5^T!s
z*II&ul}T>OubEnsPTtz<3V^`Zd5Uzs09A)&4o%xle~&7&%01QbHy|jucr)i2ZQw{n
z-u!jsD45Fw*z`SmRvUBJE6hl{W|@8&9DOzFdN48cj9o9VZPU|UXDC}YB!A6g?bfiP
z_gKC_j|$o?e2ixr?~dNlSd2ihJX?URWIvaL{PYLvr)~o~Aw*gD%De*$`o$L<{{Y=*
zUQ)sIf2pBn_%on9M(}FUn{{Xi;OQcLwC$az{w8Z1wKF4M%$YtYi2f5!bms%7#O!RV
zxk)+=4KHR~=0uI9W4(5-9e7jSBd0pU{;X>olN@*4s!tQ%Yc{;8^k+)HhUb>JU~w^W
zrj6rK<v{Ph%p=4{Vy$Xp;=ziWV;b{gsXmiNe|aN~OEC(nF3fZQSDxxWsYT3PJa29W
zWA2aL9O>4r;UhclH<tYke9Y`@G~baRLCJWr^a}IYU#RnCkQ_iEiGCmnZ%t-M@=YO@
zcQQzLvuja$+O$ille2vb&pi1ud6_a9UzPX|K%tS@R<%V~iqu}LYNt;60GroUZ(TqW
ze^XIiKoebEdg=rhA0~WReB5^^{QDcZg?fIM*CETaa#}2pfbehKHRS4k&J{MQwxdm>
z=tEkjL=j~s*+rVfETi6A*PZEIeWSD)q_S{XzViO}Xz#B^j*g*}hE^9=8iFee(XCCZ
zZYai!23!n?;*ef4d=ig!wfYTCI&G49e?QE2`VDNItfd$RL&Z%cCJBfZhVF#lY4?Y3
zrn70~^Ea;Iv@2pX5QSPtXw|kEAv*r)q!|F|`;WXxx%3-WjyLn*Bkv=Rrjega0KD1k
z2d=lF%XN}4R{4+*#t*W#GtJ<~Uy5cv%F4i7X2aY``YTI3*>MN&wNB=!t-VglfByh)
zjysRi4Ja4>@s2(f`hll1MgCSlNB&#Vk(>39ei+I6D=rVSI(GPX4H4asG5E3otI4Jo
zS?!dMq*XA+>|j1Tl6{qF5BeEL$1(cp(^5CJGo%4$b8ZT{ch-;Ty)k-=o+KZr(r$tB
zWe43BA4NI(drqI6drJ>su8Ti!f6(MwnD2`sKquoFV5hVaFF~!$Omv?Q$bC{tP#bZu
zTh=~ILJXN<QcA|fK|F0uT3bWlYW|wf`FxXz=kn&&JD;=HTJvKr9&DKj;g2C3)Zl%!
z<O4F0>TK#mDeNM>o;>T+`dE;A<#={F@~pQMKQ4NgUPqf~!$H0_w3qj9e@rsX7BV_J
z2^zo~-sJaG%R0djCN+N*wwmV3#{hZIuo`=&;8M%s#H<yMCp=2Avkw-8vX8Q?Gv+Sv
zv<W8CK|C*Ny3c{RSV+;j>Y>HO5h95sc1a^ICGHs5f@pn(>JB{oH6Xk#86bdA^5!Ve
zj0qm_PqF?M;bY3xE7RX}e?%&>Mx-628<WnLd?JdXNQ$v%-oz7Y`@AV*svl-EE+#}#
z6$%|}cCzXzM}jgJZ-kI9rMy&JbCC?9IAtJi0N;hJbD^fjSDKshvBM>S^CK7HZOW3B
zpxd2Lsx--t8Km$MQMYO@*;g?m#u`Zcwm?C6^#lz;roLYac+7CUe}fR-UlJI19ch1*
zpB_NqZ;c4t6yHu7siJ)tiX-O5{E3W<ZQ5(0?G0RWH}3hIc-*F?fZEj$0tw1S?2Zk%
z=x@T+R(aGFa3oQo1Z(Z1>HLBTzfWVvNDnQ;aMrHy8JN6std}5-q+B0Cp*zCE^P^yG
zx5MJokri1WMz+TRf9=5dbrk-nA(z`CI5H^!X?t7QRP*KoQdo92wQn;f5wx+}*nC6j
zqATu;&2&;PW4FR@N2H7J1kx;u2wl97Wk8a_Mx)}fwwI!p2#V0$BNK4IR2kb(3X#l_
zO?C-5%c(<hqfRwpwUc>LEOY?W$1r!;(WQ?tD~!q-#wF~~f6>we*;Z(r6(Oz1jaiZ<
zP*}B(4tmrqkR41!9tOsxn;pfQdX8M_{X|^sAOiLva}@w;Ehw<`imu3B-<xZ4BBaC_
zLad2(;z_oYfF-22hDG%5sSA)r#DmkmgfW|L-ROK*_qkMzSuRHC?0*oW=mq?oqHX4j
z{{45#<dc6je|y1tugWmDjWqm1pkkgTNdEweiR!+B2)J$-Gs_)^5xThIE~Ml}1@A*R
z;hz3#Ysed#ugkzM{-JDm*i)XrfV~3@d~vH}E%{hfG+2J|n38zdRaP8ZU(Y2+5*E3a
z4MFip_tf&I>c@^qo%kZ+&eru;EbtZzu>cP<tx=93e{B(tmp3-nq~t=j2@2la^`bkA
z=y%LW*8;=13Y1A2%^|QK7dofS%ydu}_eDjea#@M>(EflDVxCzG!l{mbIV-HTI^L!;
z8hEzcid+UUGo9WMp%qM~bx7JXXDWN@4oYf7ceRD;vSvCFX#L@EX=jkZ707r?OEE^c
z@i8C)f9j$6c&Y)CLgxDIQ})wR?`SW@jl4Ai2QgS7FTfj7KAndEe9UD_CNoK`!6wH4
z0J4g?j~ov1<3^0EpeYy8udPDibrWz@fyj~t5isPAH%VuW3zfF!y{*QF9sNLEv-+fq
zWq&MoC<-WLXO=d3C1zkn*5{owx2HvaH!pSge}otMYNx1lnDj{AWB84S(MEVwF~y1)
zVn<<Xi+WAyqY`&^5X8*47B=P1h}~Xga~?bq!bZ2Y<Mhy*GpJ0;C7pt?0>Ic>{er43
z(F#y=)8<B5C3K7^y`6{DDui_8ZO0*`Yu{{3&$8`F$b-#u$HZ(sb!1iZkXxR#L)E{a
ze@Ir$##8w?#g7}x#Ovr<hRn}vDv=7cg^&f~=+=qy&mnM#O~rw?JJs6?T^WE)q+GKB
z!j#k@iAf0#=2k9H+T`A)(IRcpt%ZRX)|-`Z)U!>H4)cA8E=2_A;i<GRnOlG|aIo$b
zN%Ua{D4IqBAWG?U13-Dz=Efptd1O=!e@RvMnEHh;Cs50j6&?h&_Ndw|>Y=Q1`IbKJ
zmTue851<aGk*GjPHapvnor9Hbbf|=Q?J*YL?*8bkSR(TzNJqZpE&HoeuV#FQPV(XY
zW7!Z6&UKs1OPN|8Z>;7Vtl1bFs-3HD!CAW1#Grf1N2gk!GB(oUx)Oy1NFh_HfA6Ag
zO6vhkMI($!Dn?Gy>=YkKwQOZzL^1K8BS_~e#ArypsV<iQn=vFjB9S!o*0y*4S?}#?
z%W~OJ%c7SIT6{QS$SE4xL#mF@7*oAE2;%v*QN>2Q^t}r>TPcrY#%Y`~eEgLh)9S2i
zX7y)I?NX)?{{Tg6bj0Vhu=;Dwe`jf*lgsljZ&0sE(GU6pI~~P&-ljk9c|W{9p;u3n
zIo_h%Hyzy9hpx0^YvE%zW83Mh=#AxT`=507wLF^OMv3B+e}zV**wx#IaV{ZxmYEps
z-Zk_Zv{>`xWyLfHWN<SdH0m1S)=|!y`5%~dmn>ORRD^%?8fr-+iZbp*e{rbPod5!t
zm$$`sC&%67_yY3b#EHraXj$C*%zH_sGP=$#1R+a#v#{OeDY?1r?4&xU>J^<I8w6cg
z6=|D6Z^A1PP%o#MHC5Z=Z=mgdUr~(Q{Jx;q$ZfIx*jGg!p4tEa3l0_4#<b``+EiRr
z6H!1Dx~f{-Y6}6zuZt0$e{@s9m?$0e`hh7Fl4?9F%eIE`NWX|zq>lk(9xYgVD;{yS
zX9JNmyoUlijde4nbvYN0P!-h{uCSm))NUNjb%$k20l4YPm=jVe3R_k7RH?YV09wF~
z{@Q=0^=a@MY4O5+<UBniu+kvZicKemJv2SGE?hZri6Lu_W0*bkf5NqRY<coAWD?`P
z)*QJW<6e)ab;vS^if_rt_)iA?(^y+=tgNF--91M0VNsC;$SnGX1Md&pSQErI_=y&i
zZrkv=?5*kFeq0gXh1#d7bi~WFvG^wzJ%R1XsaDabSxJ$P62;V2Q{4zoruy2P>OS@`
z?2U~AFh^A?RH+dif57nukDh-%5zEWBw9>!y9W^hLZ<>U51N0>$0sjEGNZpX1s+*LC
z%U2vW$bEv;o<IA%hU|#ed>>=0Z$;=e)BgaG2mYhAN!Jkv#WDKpx_Pt_9>jL`*Af1g
z7rn{)>Zz~(MqA$}*j0a>kll^;Q=I@?rez<ApX#Jgi_Uvkf7XXavh;~hX?oh)dZU#W
z=?V#qpNY@0K>KSGJ}Db7DrH;7kK=C3@U8BXWeUV<70<MaTM$OrJz7}+@e)0P;*xP@
z%331=wtr1#`58@$=fOUy+~f9&#ZB8mU`58A^>EINvPNv^Ln-eSc2b%IZ*{C#qL+ID
zBa>AllXIlye@Ns}wSln&irr}wsdTi-KpD2~+xUmPwS;n_4`zc?*lQI(LeoS^0A@`=
z&<+;XuOu7u<PBkNDtm2H^EjY|XxVMckK0B$I86JTS<ezf1N2bchP*|8Haw*W#aC~-
z2^a6C2T{(7MNs>L8+gUQqbp!DZV~|8J>l%}Q9ec)e}6G0xxL1Lwe=caT1p&OC1L6i
z&o7ZaI5K=`-9$`0Ie{HND`Q+Ymd9zhH?^os(`Jfvlv&U<*l;%W(s>XvNX}K10!{Xw
z7o!hH0%@Z{Y;48JKQRvccQ+1(&W+o+RHj~BN`-GUcV*Vw#@<)wN__5q6q_TJis@x<
z64?4_f41tyW!aSivm<-U;n&eaPm*E?9}_#r7*jQ_1@<r_@SP0^M~@8c=Pa@9@rEP9
zSD3Xyevy)H%wT_cZahCl8_Lc_V;hXTTYI0(u=>SIUC{DS!HY5920|Ucg;%=zs%Po5
zl=nQ%FLgV)cTnS88HrFE7Fdq`JV~yc_*AY2e|#+OjVO>G60}dRvX59CvX2uf2oBS*
z61-?+Z;YYvsXugc6w%4b8xtxOn{fA-Y;bvtimvPlE~_JBvEs4~!sGD@5P%gc3}_DK
z1l%1o?XG(OmqBOKvYBjIf`*M&WE@#e>RiZ{0z}klZepB<2u2&MvG~Vfs<T2($UVKa
ze?D|!t`^4DHol^|&^ETP9Cad}qZg?pL`CmlM-nT7DNUh+8{Aylq=;V0b_8gmxgvvs
zkb>RZDbI01%Z}znx_ED?z3P%!HmF6kqX<wNCO{pxxT35wlceata=-1OdWr=QAq2I+
zqA$yA-DccA?Zq~6G8mnO3X`SmYE!4=f3UMGWbhm<^ikx31tSo<><Z+zi?jnxe@$DD
z5mMZ&3BP?Uo75xe!JvlUGDW13e(&!0);nfovu;-*uYJIfZ`(vSrUt9b^eNL~GF@aO
zskZ<%p-G1fM3xe1$AA@ta;I}?7@Hf58*AI8X<+rXQqg5EnHyPm9xA_W5pHAge?tMW
z6c8g~8;B;j%ZwLDeXT~7ahfHc5-stuwaxi=RTf9nW;%o3q|rablLb8ZuVD)5#;S6S
z{4l8XUXLWXK{p73Sn76A#zspM;@T~xfEv?XzY!D?<uLG}w{qH~K{*#7fy|oW^OE>P
zhW6omRZc!duFNgY=8vKR<|4e*fA?1`;Cr!N{HvE702sF_<ovg}ZWOWHc?t7G8+klC
ztG;xf50nVz4Owy${_*xu-{qc7{$UJwfGK(mtL99i=&Ch0{>mF<=EzV+<x2ui-7QyR
z)5x<kwYvqXerF0G8Bxu&2I7v$F~mvRA=!h<?YEAmmu2^biMKOPoV+j#e<m>?ol7}7
zpG8ph0;GuX<6Cj?-|MSQ@+1mCj}^eXTHAP=nk-lo4W%Jsql*z?^wqv^J;+eu1+R4h
zYO(pobTdfO0!_guvWa}c151h(%gZcL1Eq^x`xb^<rpCei$CcMnv1~o9KuDwWokxq_
zHtea25zV>WUtK8f%1P=Ff9B#Yv0_}_<jU8*`>Ib-%JPfF6mj^10ISN^z32&#F(j&S
zJ(P8Vb%SNRTdp~2Y9EM{f_$9!w&~i(?t!#>Yo*2B&d%&YodG<m%@x26BB@^1t4S<m
zwdGqsWyuttxGNk%CNv70tO@U;5gM#)02Znl@fSv7!<R3rxaKM-e=xwFFLj#j_0xyc
zQj4dF{{SsZTw2O1PBh$Hs&_FL_D~xmHeDV<s($MDeyW%vCBqw@^GT=#<kskr@5yOf
z{3WpTwPyaJ$T=NBkRJpCX!P+lyVHQjz<HaV=RSeLytJt%Ou-cXW<%JY-ZWF>-ynJk
zi?G}{RarseD^sfDe?^OwA&6NO7Sxj{HL`e;U{IhQ=_Al<uOR!^^wF6X^+$}T+%>ke
zNTAZ_%2GhYSV<ynJ+`Ow?XpwwOg^zyjxQ!2n{laSC;Qsfx`6z=-qm$s^i~#go~G1M
zW!Ubcr1GA@8&U9x`Kdb!AF6|&tH^s{L+q*P=J_g5-cmk_f6AN=jo*i%q0w9YG^_B+
z-%Vk4M0q-{N{u50cd+BCjVntFB*1czF6%fp^yx~$4o6YT$dE6U3$PC_ZqaKmX{~F9
z*~-N6v1QAYM*{d)iTkQM>w6ap3?=aR<UaI=kDzu6G;u?X5Q-JrquNhttnR7R;lTw3
zq{%+)V}kd+e>rw=g{DJw4yTWU9{G*ky~u~W)#bDLhEGsy&UVBN(iQhdr?k)}mU-qg
z%>HDJ#GXU3dn%^3trdHjyGa38kgg-Lrn;y_Z`)ma)Yn*0GPOp~Q7meYYa8i61zbn)
z-ot+aX!uYR%SJ8kN}}GHXo2NG!?Wz6N2Kz1NQSake{O${CrjF@OZeb!%tC_ApcUsb
z+w)!QKx3ur(8w;r{vvO*avk-7mM&WScWYFci$c4rs%xr*2G!Q@sjj9>5o6m-VaBY_
zxL-lWflXlXlhr^$X)%R~Uu7zu?dwUs(tC|&$L@*)iD6a-t5PTe^~F`io78!VfNE#~
z{+rbse-j~JFtoATXqSmm-`ifgDPx*7mNpKIF03^MydXWa&IeG*>94vE91ZWlPM($Q
zHJ$e7D^jay*F)CiVx-QkeUn&(ka7Lf+AB9N%^8TYrrn4I`5PW8YeNG+7pO)ifv#8H
zL!%+@6nWr}Aw0PUda&ZBv{o5dW{Is#SGb)2e*o#Z_L^1=CCYF4MxDrxXmVL*wTxv_
zLBaL<`>7PrWw7TM9@A2FQ!0B7Vt8>$_+k3Z5ts6DSFu@*4Lmrq4#<#w6lc*>@WyG=
zUsE0Bn?FM*dD`T2Cbjx#+tDxaZu(7P#sQCUCi>}Kf;haMkc-3+4gEUS_TX}^C3<iR
ze;b?dL-o=SY0|Twwo6uqEt4Kb?LvN&S<9zGkpBRgEl(HS6tqQ*3qA)<#$lt&YmPfe
zH>`=2MLdxMaEw$Q&<%PlM7#9W?B4#tSh;xQK1N0SB2ozFsj61@LmE=Cz|j3Oo8?aU
zPJ9yh<Ne|94_$Xt!}2p3ZWSBEm*Hbrf6F7p=`?22M8TB$E7a$R`j<?PGA&At*6u#=
z^-{WvPcTf%NW<>Dh;9J%T8MGXk_H7ff^-IzNZ>5nnC(%0E1Dz<jI4Y|Tk@#mui$CJ
zLFdJh;W4TqI%){L4SIC@lk$iH`-+`@iVMUNBOs8H1;7<C9Fm*jb{0Gdv7u?Ge?3Oy
zZ0Kc3(WF?-g9!%Vucn$#pr*@_70X;*4`<;uo^$%1GLr0UH6ZIuMb!+<7JO85?*nTe
zZ6>Eb$U{vY7ElH}fP{clNu^Fs6w*rah{TBci&*d!lgZL1AzfsEuet|`R<1GGpMC~-
z4A;=HU3<Ayr1`bnev(@=9ScB>e;KmEFJZvk=xJ4nhCp078aD#uYP$AQvQO7B!h;{5
z9ftF5-XY$#MC$Q*-|BFHke_)?jqTq}Hyjw8Nmw)Fnn9130GWs@<|x}H&@ZjH(Gv|=
ziMnL_fVn6R*0*I^9L|in3ozdlsKi-?(C!;`HCO2mw9SJrnxj#)*@t$Ne?R@8h&@L(
z77LV%C{y=^n16UxZ-Faai$rco4lWMv@kDItSA1EK`H_ojYdHP1Q;Ua|OXIi%@LSk{
z&qGRMRUJ^^RWWiSR%jb}`-UUgR{5Ne0LVcl$KPFjwJp=8h7#+2;jX(*w(OxMUPyI~
znSzsJyIl{aiJnX#vm9c|e+*@JEx|)^^w$XSY{4b5Z3uB|Ri=@na<ay(SC|$y^;HXF
z+T|HHi|B7nPf-vtr3@JzUvFbn`BSUkVcW;Hsc0KTkg4w<vb$`N_?AnLNvf78E#l(n
zK^NB5Q6yHm2ISg{9Qi~Nt+)eY&aLx|t+GT$AnS2Pc?b$TM1Tt|f6b_ikRXO!fW(wr
z0evobRmMyVb;edabfx;FkUvh8Ll>6b62|;(ON>AmGRpHYcVbT(gDtE8wW)6~@a0k@
z<8xa;<Y&z!c3+vUX;#<g&XqC)=%_DswH_fSpy+*8OnD3|`McK03E^ti{<)AYzFOOe
z)ahPpp_Dn%$tsf)f7~^@#+B&6>A{E)%1i6304qDBo{}au-AgP&BxuvcuG^jmg)DlT
zzrBp4gKaC0Y#TPVINFu~GgVGrI5zok0pdfNguk>79YPQ{oMNK;Ne8y7a`9v(fhc>$
zag!a<kU)I9?qC@4^w6Vh6k>drJ=?icNpfM3%JDaZIAg}bfBYzNi#DVS_SK@Frz7uG
zbZ!^pM4oI(N~=EB903;NMvsWV2!|c&Z_4#ijN$igQav<fg;?DgWbOu+5V}akkc)%I
zl@rt;kCSu7(0_PUhA1%z+DPsV{oz1J7R`0zM3WjdWMG;AFJVr4gmf%1VqXhS5Es82
z)I4}%<?@hjf9wR+eqA=`m$|)F;Jj=3X6kKga-w>K1@rn~x92+%rIl)}oq!lLamwyE
z6JbG*9!>Z1j@uACHmk#nksPK?hTBNik8eN3SvhkNm<Ta|Cz}##pF5QI2o)`*l?Imd
z(P6@tITk};LAkl@t9-Fi-<pZIop0Mj)FFwSjFtm@e~;qft*BvSciUpjdr7BW9B`pt
zbqc&KRlXQ-;zni~3ks>m5I~zKMk+x7UgT?QRh}~8HjC+UIA7CDv*QDGNf_}wsvcws
z<}7+17eBIzc)&u=MgCnF3xW?IIaGyUn?Ti0m2)(fxCplOny8jmHfAJ_#kDzNa9I;o
zCtCx1fA-TbDI|8%mY(|VvF1&w-kS@Yl?{6{52B{pYBXu}SNU$1u>)fEUspQ7>Em{M
zZ^=!EvbDca$#;q&_dzDJa6mb6BK%$=I9k+G<J>rw>y~WLM>yB(HJnD2_gT|5K;h+!
zdrcxp3v*gm;)L~JNF?5g6f;W{k|m17F68}`e_VV#oV)B_E;ZGixY%|I(uO6Eq`D4F
z*C&be(zT<w>ZPLdxB5Pu--$k|obj%5_bDFAu11|J1-lA;R7~Oiqab{7DIUtj>FQ};
zn)L;ecWgf%IQlJJfWc&mn1C#9eN{&w#fZ#o3}sKU)YnSDVH(Snyba@w{cTZS>U3^2
zf2rLT#KC!|mU%9?(r{h{?ez-LB@rwvsH4yT6deAckA)ALklRNEQSUMA0=%bD>e*TM
z4S2Es>>%ph?rUn*+p)&lL;X|r54{Efx!}|CAG!N$15(9_EX}DWQcXpw!Fy|Z)m324
zw#f=Onwo*7P3eJBqn3uMcMkf!>ZH&Ge|HaEP3jGeR>W{Vssvb?qv{QE?{?UVS^Fx}
zV&%fS<xQiWy6a3N)lG1*+tETI)5<>zx3Y@~ze|MnHNKjxg4slTQCBL~-luxaYw7%r
zh18>d3)UA<7M4%mt*mwi7~Go;n%}yyx`QjrBdNNU7B#JPIc@z!tE;bFR!K!de`?-Q
zqlFb9QzT!?H0Mu%nB`%uh#y5#!nHa&0}P~&FK=L^+##&78FY#Jl>Jqjp5U$ir;e+Q
zEQ|1+D+!^V6jqUZByk$kPEej1)gqx;TY;;J0O3}(K&wy$3a~X5-iiPuGE0vzpB>Cn
zkGwb@<{ZU(j+fS=&H^bwizsnUe^1_@vb?6e&32%MQbP?x4G2A=rqxy&aC@m^j%dtM
zjmmwX_KL!v4t!CNY-EkLfgl_;`@@wJr1ilqv9nsz@JV<E?r!?m8<s{RTY+)fE1uPB
z4Bu~Ytv-fHBgmG=nk`JvVEv&iDXi==AZc+{>g=s5b6Xuq?xZqoe9eCDf0m`TvWL5Q
zt80rwOK}d~(O!!u!_#5E!n%5^&mu}j-Q2HR`IlTcV<zXqK8o7fqnU94yOR$h<P}v_
zUfo9He{Cfw+tJ})iOHtsJ8&kk(WJMs!k5k)aB$=87pddwQqa)ETV>)8^5A3btf`mG
z>6wl=`Gk++t#~xdbN*gBe~+T|pN@h0WPtE_06w!*XAXL!U8OR*GYv_%i$XYx-TgC`
z0ha<#bluP%!=nmME2YOC3+BUrHC*maAg%35W8^+IM0pAdyhp^RLu15yD_0h-3|1Md
zJ}h|o5<<!}H&RI#Q^JGh;ja=swWHQ?<Ico~GBfUtSbQz}4P{N!e`8E>w&kuh^ww#t
zNu)f$bej|l?I+M^$&-n1b%i4)0{Ms)m;<4)p$th^C(36#K)BaZDfrd#6xkZaUY#bA
zmjM17(IXu<?qr2Jj}W&S%JNxJ?Btc<eqNfg;|GrB<*jmW#*?arol2LUhN9p`!1+^0
zCgEeKy#`K|I>IAVe<Y(8+`93kWWfkV$0KmKzjZ&eBrIbZVGFA8Ep61Ah{z`;Pt4*0
z<uj@B_Yreo-h)IvQgLLRW0*4T@hHEvRIW!@jc#_!+ra+H=IRY^^;jU=i33_u(J(3>
zre$tFF45Rrv`zH`SAbz|--(uCy{+b{U01wmRf8*|?zl#Uf3*chqgp(8T|QL{7C<{l
zV6CRKpQsJ6mm(m!3Ykg6&4_})dZ{V8ewW32vYUl*wa4wKpQPl)D@zT+k{a=zT=-Qa
z>KV{w9D9k9<N+YL9ox9lT?QHxn6MKxrWRM*xwZcQz^L=HxU!_<krr=Wm1z2=9zZb8
z8yU^CI<5URe@S|LsKRInc<xVx@}(KdfzKi`Cp(9ojtL{)7X(n*v6)mdGJrI(9O`6}
zb+wCaBU|gOamio?=+VLL6-i?s%$9J67$A_B2szsN(Kq3=VN2=SK@|;?j#F&0l|#u-
zI*qteM0Pn%My;(4PO=jkL3CVYCuE>sj<%so0B2@de-*E<9cs&q8PraVZ2;jzI5U%V
zDA(*^O(dVo>L%xaOnhk;P{P~}ppIgsbo_}UXdP~nDF)Wio*LC5!pc^@-7I(!R$M&Q
zHVVM;I{yG|4d>*A=y?2?WyZ*OWgA@y3=IgAUZ1P<jI6j$O2ke|Xn*D}?G@%3Sy-zA
zthx|%e>KrdCW&VgQFBpRT_>buXUTA<%3VqA?xxzRmI*e^?uXMH^ukucS)4bEPYA6e
z)10>HXHdX!zX}TB<fb`<>8J>|00k8gbm>ErB#Le|@mzu5T&=e)xHNDPuzGj|zEHQ`
zwzd@pK8(C_S+CeC4jw8-(VT=Exq=M|u{wI|fAd4xdP}?d2cUI+k{4o5z#h?57}&Bk
z<H$`#tlAn6%XIy>`JEK%ZO*Ba4jVY~<lLcbbg{VRX|9gI9ePZ>V|8QOdhDDDw{J0$
z030>ekQa;slWk+j6HLB#ZaXR@g|48G+UjY=xG`W9F)~O&8wqO*=yj_M`C)S$r_2g?
ze;z*CGj)7`5YGxe@uzN-KbyeFZLf}1&ow;g&lU6xaAAa>FazVvQ1eFms7{&azVn|&
zkJVPk9W+V|PRi^pwYVB#P+YVwBwjXCtxIwL0C9*H%(%0^3!XJ-n=Q9*X9w<`X!B2!
zq$-lVq>fY{oXRYyAH+?#3awU%Aea{|f92aLeU@W#PaA1N`E0i09{uKxG}*C_6oSIq
zi*um1URjJknr>R$xKNwd+9tWl!>8piv0EPVQhHRR04;uW2Fl4d{O8c}(xO$F{GZHX
z8GJ_PQ+_pG?r94hM?a^qfI`fgHtUmATqt8BbkU0&@t`&V4ivE<-&!2FVmt2Ef531(
zw3Ghtz;V!Jqry^4PNbXg@1gF&Kth&f>;p=$#E3|Oz^NBEJPidQVD32^*jn@^xv}_{
z^KroNLvD9G4MCmB3aF~h!=38m7#OwyK_gRYzmfq`+A<3QNEAvRid;bXlQ!T_yJ4X1
ztsadVe931d?HtcKO2~)#fScTqe``;q0r`v#_2Wv~5@&U$l5FP-?jW-<<wWVxEJ+Q9
zrS4BMNTsuK6wM;u?(A$ksrZ2l4{=|ri#C-}RbM7&^|dE4HjAGxfb^PQ6AR5H=in4P
zY7U%jt!d>anbhG^z{jZ^bTlZ_%P5@oxb`*byzrMnDonFTpz~xMs1MOee@CxP$mil}
z(XbLLAH5&dS@8b=v&kLiv*GkAx}Y<g^n708zeVWzmh<j@^b2nD!qmGfKS;zx1(}|~
zMx^R%ZY)JtT#1x<%7GMd2nX9u=+{tAET17vEDf+ga+k*t@FC<*w>|V8t=94ScYuCw
zQ63nFF81uD`tRxwmnRbpe}>39Je)*-{_689?-ph+BO9}wNj0Y4*B7TFJMK2ZPmz(8
zG04ho@}2|kpzakz^w%1wbv)~HGpgf-R^qz$phc<;RFQr>YIFmQ10de3QdxUyw-f<2
z6~(PhV)We1p}AMfkK=tkf|F@#5hc1p-z<W4Ds4`6sMw~})a|+Se+mXZE8yp-knXj$
z?G2@B^(DHHIipls*-Z^sQ#TX_>3_P~Q8Ew=m{@(}Wj@NMO<VNYJDA(qMw?TJ-K3AA
zvA50lXKvnUUqOsT^Kqk6p|;!`@V)Chsm22^?O<*zQ>W<*4##0gbznh0ky_E@=G{==
zb2DJBt6I9WGcKesf6(5nD)|^vVM!WEZyJ^s?mX(WCZ13{9a`NTf6_7ScC4BJ#Xvg0
z+36zKAoi9&O-=M2bt%<9*uQD8_L>4lBr1nd&W+X-widu_S=3&$;Ez8X?u?0*e(B<G
zNiS}pXOWruG!u={epHsYBZd3x9Ycc3`Z^M)(ks(rP9<Hera3^>8-I;p=O|3sz~<NX
zigdG<n5>ql2&-#Uy;)kUM2l3~pmD2E1c6;qdh5^x+O>K|RPq_4$!26=0^d@W`ztED
zzkwVLD^)cNX~u`Vgo7A#A(e%}8iQHAO9Uix&kEgGc;g>;y=x<-b%}7_%YPh9d{O<W
z*n6wgMKn{yvq0OUZhw89$FSEstD~L;%CbDl1Y#LUwt&{&XdjZD<LDGT&YQ2Dj4W;p
zk@oAwd+3?W8R9Fhgo}D9yC&2V;}Rt?Khu}-xjxo48RGAcA0$Ea)!$q^b>?mKlU2#_
zXDaq=6i$AnEeB#YmodH=?d)1d6aN6kE&lYtQ$ej3d-oCaQh%@=y)PVmQWNZ{zMiPl
zV^`Q=S9eTR_}}Y#U#s+{&(E2mV3R`(Wm47;$3lB)xQF^Ibv*3H_^(Hg{{YElABH6Q
z0W{NT;LWKsKTYL{;g_e)#X;H+XEExjmKhW@EI=yU&9odV4-+BrvQsG!iCX8pUr}Cz
zu3{#3JQ+}NYkyh0Rlj9bs=Sv83faIGiscwOjfZuwT+k!PBxw{it?v#MnI}yMZRTH>
z3aj+}vTY4<a5#3+;<=4ky%vVJ#(;(fRq=7uYeY;edleIl5pE)}f2R<A@$9R`hGLdB
zBsQZ@O+OA+6T9SXwgO9I=dXlVS5ML#C1bSezF4-L>wnLg<5GNXUgqkffxm56=CT1B
zQMKWHDR@3%<c~<bD=s)Bi5XbA1#E4?sSYPofz(K?BzlJ$9VrMUpZavN2W634LvwMZ
zEgw?q>B4sY_O(6@&QRtJjIN$0omrzGY&-`7J84LIWa_HLh%9f;+iJM~0H`{k_x8v+
z+<mp9AAjmF!r3_9wf@>oT_{ZrH8TKl+d2a$l_4mE*fybuc%z)$Oq3@wAiD_s<m7pG
z(bGSp<lf{&>@0V9c+}0(QdnGK$_RUL)M@Cb&lEgx70c<Xm5#Dv6_}?3eMsYKPWf0&
ztrHXtZPB+2(=$PriIB1-;$8)pRrS*lX2Y4f9DkGoQQ^PcYxY%3OPUZk^4BPMe<vgl
zbo;GBIV`>jVNyqCmDxBxN!*&P?4y`Hm1UF6PcBuvuM6=sV}^iIS+S&08YULk!fFS~
z>??Lqb>UV695B?UZj@(idj=C)`VqGO0A&*zNDIdt0Gmsv;!{<V6<xO^tMrOxga*s!
z1%E5YO0;pHW3pv8<wuk15QP3#alysAnweN<@)k9J%u-7>?jZ7_5hchnD`}v(<44Cy
zcJ6(kcIj$P&GKOgO))bI?%qoFZZwx#>DaQ%7tAuINm5^Jfh)^(X=L>^$DhcI0#3eX
z-M_<2OP#&Ul4Hd39xPBXHuTn%t=@F(OMkUf&P;LBI&3X=efnq#y>0B4JUC&)1O^+K
z*H2Xo=PoqIgn#tK7B048nIWDKRe=_dLZg<PDc+aYSmp}#cuE029%HHByFqeEqhMpa
zX^<Fu(b!*|I{ibZMm%!}M593c-0J9X<5mM9PVwO^ZCSTyh#m|xg*}_XZWiPAQGXW#
zQjNO6kTkyz+Sj}a59db2@YaS<5L8Nr=eLzFEAmKw-ezCR$@22Xo;Kbr2X%B<StJlv
z#@079`{QNb@>wn1Md=)b>ZrPg<F4KxMN)0?UZH@i(_|_Pj*DaIt4|ISw&^lLwSchh
zrE#8Nl7d3k9B=6Cp!p=V>`IbF>3_qV+vp}baqwSg`Jv$!7Y4dMp9pKmkrC&{)t;)_
zi+$}X?typsO~KG!hNBV*Ha{OunPyoA#si5`3E@FKK4_da#!;@LhqjXOsdB8#w}mkr
zx#|H~TWJ@fA2AH$<YX$Sk?u*gn_hHhm2YN9*xuYMeu_>U$>oqFfmmL|m4DYtkD9-U
zpjNlNVn+%cdIY{>1#zz1;@7oFp*+1UJQ6I5FMDz0R2i7(#Mtfq*Zs8*HVmHpGGCUU
z(c{v=FQI=sqwut(9#*dT&X^ZSr7D^Z@1}>pr)l|8TBKxj#8SRgmOMeC7b|^7FZ)h@
zqli7+c0QJ>9-yRvn4;~%=705no9Uy5Go3A{?Wq2tj5dYEW4A@37wLacm&_A&9F2xW
zfdY*$Yt#(Rp&+{1R9k=?=#SJCD_a;Wce%OeRr%Qp-BL6MT5*qxK|Mjtx!xV}G2O0)
z)lr8d*s<Mxc;1R~XSfXMW7stn$vn<Z=dr!C0@U)C0K;TQigw)g)_><tQ64iNPt{p5
zkie4c4eelSTriIX&vC5m<Z%WZ(Js$0CEbA~`>$Fne<~yRmW4Hj3Xj274f!#8Ql`%<
zxwRLz#j-T&a3A??_0ViY$WI;YJw}h0r%{0RqfliB%>eR|PpH*#U5T&8#*OuXyHt;&
zv+=jO%>p52kdUBrI)Br9o!S(LZg9*1?yU@5IIv<QkYsNYztdseOMw#r@NicL8a0uF
zNf;nEA$?7&1Fim`c^R>Kds^NZCmg$z_SHJ)UO7(Km~2ENNhKe9@UL}ZSPce(wx-|a
zx6sbkoFa;VEr`_dJa14?jv9(BSJ7IKc06e$yI5RUn^3ZpEPu?X1++G%ApUyygF?&}
z$tSc5U@N)Dbx)Xi(G66n^id*$1K)wE+-jvNz92vx^wyXJ+$p?HotKzLl$MX2jiUbm
zZEaxmEL>>B*+fYo8;NgmeH2Oh!Vk*APc`@k;DgawJ<b(griz@w!O}3W6VJ(D>^}SO
z2k@;)>Jmu7v47*VDnV%<iw=8MmCA;9kLEI*$tY#8`>HRfwKW>uNYDeNsvkD|is-O+
zRE>Q2<s1kj?G#+LFA9<@O7R`ytC!-zh0d;))0wx1r_BQpTwdd8KSfUk+-7%57sJR-
zVZO?|hw^b7@!G4>$B!j=0s*(QRKNQybMVV*R{6gF0DsWv+W!Dr=r@KYB2<W~faJ5C
zNVw!HKdHpPGnpC4BaaVYtxN-E$sdS)RF75`$6|Pr57Sz0@HzMXcJ5|v`m3sc{WaC8
zk+1rU{{XDVUdV~|wPn_q>LY%p7vP0Qw3At)r*Gi94%)JLR^Ln(z>mCN+G`N-HNAi>
zg$Vp2i+|`9)K{#?vBMVgU}PHl1rHI`^;QRm3a?*K=NdNPT#`LhlHfWv{8<V(;13EE
zc&Ts=Ht?j}l|x;|j~Kd|^SRQ8%ayoX{gtVU)EtM0FbL;Sp*$FN);ly($nMuAn4SiT
zsBByyrs|!>j|>85SkXyl&<j%U9I(pKN;bOj27jqJ2B5fYYWJYk)YA|^YpS=dz32k>
zsj3RFpb53<&Y#rsFeTo;IM2Ts;KTOPmDHL|Lj&95<>ThUCV{R#^8MvKhN+c^WCloV
zvVe3x>t4KuE@b#q37~DKgAPP?5ni{abvQbLS$q?yyTpFA?G?{@I^}3+tvF(25f(gd
zEPu*EuslH&JBd1l$HqQ^TGK$Xki>Y?RX?_}anZ+6+UvE05<#U`FVLv=u&!-|ntMqU
z4Hp9te);++(`kX1-skI}%m~KDUSc*r+AsNgnrttV=sbeZ<0mbGi4MI(JO2Po5BO>n
zc+pSXP(602g#Q4m>J8X~>Y-|4%q;Gfaev^1<EfCOd-5575z(zrexJ!17}E6F4y)pX
z_kUrgrI4mBbB#9RqTkbc^H{kuVow%Qag2+O(actgZC04HX2yClIubla`-gbY(A*z3
z<FsD3GQZSfeAX?CI`52;d-qqIJy$4P8xG$MO<T92Y533g4iI>O{{V|sN}cJU`+uPN
zg)JU_dyU9IQfw|eE0?Kfd`Nq=s)x{*pQ!FUaVXRPc9W>*dNLwf7CP?TuVrVBshe$4
z7*)qtU@a^I)l%x%)sdniM&B79meK%yltF`zBw!E~09xabq~hwhtbv(KVVdEIwb^ON
zvSE>n$0#L;C0kAv7Ol7yTP`Ap7JomN5rOyhBhyJu(sNd0<jNQul~bmbtntc;suSY9
z*TgJM`BZtx)2UX{#2!{OyscKsinubcqnyhmS!wPmE2rC3$IHmZJED=6-G}V0sZbFf
z&2Ae0%3e;F46!R9^4zGsxL&Hei(4p?T{%4i;r^kKmu^&IR5}&{&FtY#zJE3rRA(a+
z%nymsXl^^J2x83-PH95kRAZ+zt*AJ;#Uu=jVVE8VN~cui)P~xLH=v!>9yz>g9jtkP
ze`QxI9EKA@ZaA8%WJR94UeRQcZNo)+99a^<D`VsXvw%Fo{goaq4no={+FinvMHq3&
zF0QN(3Z$6I?6x`q;Ub9+34b8lU#^qxQOBp>j?;d1G2j@;BEZ_zPmpjH#E#u+Qw{ep
zVozbdl{3@|E)u8aOyEX>?t7~fujR#)lLO<E<;J^0oh(7@t&H{%K#(sNC7aMVSDcYq
z@*PjQ8*n{>x1}Pg&oXB1HfxZ~znu^S*|@7$MLf~2*4rmxy^Ssx9e;1;Zkdk|4U~H-
z!LT?sJ1Ff8Z&tCOoIOKHnK@fVfje8?KB}ZDAXdnj?rtQWCZ#d4CO_$CDJLY8Po{yC
znO5>77GyUg;{CKX-T@@I2kH2SsO5Rt8pfvP{4750X=cNXJG7Y1zhJX1tTfW=-AF~1
z8%CIL-B)O7Pj7WQ6o0-`E2!biyRw_3YG<)NQ2zj!gJa4gU3J`bs4+}8UzVb^-=@tW
zFLjR`oyj8}MxoD2fLd7&LvSH<T`M0qq)DtJAxyw23{;cfPDH&$w+M`e#>0)Mjn*KH
z5sQqf7oE2srj?tl^(j=9VyHVb<4!F2CEQp>g5h;C%JS_2d4I70)zb-MU9#lFy6)qB
zYZm#lxDq=Mz_spZZHYGB;F|^9M;cx{>^bOee5X!ddo6W0&{q}c!sW7<lg7fbXUAzw
zOBpCUy~L>Ec~=gc+m4LGXt2ND=Smi>jvj`Yeubzq$k*e-pyYH=p##VO78;Het8{I_
ze5mhn;@-zYQhz!zU1TuEEv3mnT^Q!V7{H&RhTJ55-S)0oIyhEUnD~X8bu67f3N{{g
zY<ou#t8?wHXnGQ;R>*cE?<(7kKOVLe_6}j`EVfC&zY)9k)f)#9#giagw&H{v^y00G
z%H(k;N`pV?v8akqZ5}U!uz4;i22PlvKv{PIadF>5J%263?JU}YL8$rOgrdlk0oWM+
z+9X+>IhEQWDF`mao7j74Mb|%|{HXW~o}Tw3b9hJxS_GIb0XxozUNqtA9XQ+ukX+w~
zIv>tp8{StJ<E2vb6Y%6$<kZGuyKT6+0;J-vm$v6YU@MMJ8P#%F6WR??ri_cGNGHCW
zTbN2NF@K^GSd($Db$5{%d+sW?;onP{CFACTeKjIUPKEDIA2CYchT@JOP06~OiqOk#
zxDVTE$dAk{Jaz!<T3tne!6TWltn9tZB`pf%TjbOCKFXsX^zk?DePXYZ{>?4^U)e%q
z{)HQ`FV|VyRsKf%e+T{}S-<Y_&vOc12&T=M;(v&Efl^%it7FcXmML?yV~PzH8}FBr
z?jK!hpOWb~WR?*`y0f<ue$!O=b23g7Mc{)U1|n~Ewd9e%@u06O*E;*>Gh*T~Tv4Qw
z4Gf*bx|izRc5bFjFy1Usb>z?Ktl?lRI1UxHHsdzb%GR9;00CjZR1sZz>eQ31RW&=R
zq<_!@7z!Uc6mASiKFT*%##r)pfuT@n9XQ*lV;{%%8qw=x{aPN>`)XVFF2mqqG8Hy8
zT53fE`e+Rkmnje~K)JUe-&80EaYjrWnWHWfY-%oDw9~q@^RVKBrA1{M&fU#zN%Ygs
zyRg^}aUcA&yzwYJcm>4^H%l-%+!cJXPk%cLichA6F_0F_IG)i~>1iHFG0D5j2plEs
ztlsIpaxaseGz;NV?t#d6R$r-ln!G?<wGE9RzP7j?jcT~IC>)!Xu^x&##DPlNRtHn5
zG@cpos+;%;TY3!(NE6mZObaA)g12??BXa<Y)MB!>ISfDpnbVCP6Ksnf5+NVLe}A@@
z#Xz!43k!uj4NK5yOQ(xwPP}{u$I#U>4Y*_QP4>}3?CS0<VDa!AD0BY+wwv(Cr|G3{
zlJqy(_&)4&41qpCJ&I{QrhvgSaU+53qal>bFocgVqLF?aX>8bLSRBbACf6!79=g4~
z5s&Ua*v#GE`E6Z8*Rz#%ZeVP6<9~j!IQUfu{4|KBy0iJ6Q!Tk~1K0&DDrxauhV^7O
zx_uSsu|=_=AB25X=Ud%1>0lOyG1#N(rF{ooOpdtfGI5oShluM_j&%V2>(Kh_UVdy*
z-)__<{*y~XjhzOuICUEAG@&}IjajQaV1F(&e0O$RvIAqxR&*<9*U?%AV}B+z(a44=
zwieiVfz3}kMn7?V0;Nnf)VB@D_eo9ptJt8mE&7pdoe*9nE`7BB076^jO5KU|nnU#?
zsOn38Q7_hM)92_#^z}0;Z&crY0FhD~v=Qp9V2MEm>fjn0y7tilpa~pmz*?jVngH!<
zs%j_#Y%1})#_J?(QPka7aeoy`ia>gvlh%_q&}0y~BS1!q{*J@lS~9?{!b<@vd#&Bs
zUKYhp<U3o9#d;2r*TjW!vs-MO5>vqUHDi6a%}pzA3_eOaVB{>G7cYBv6U0!m0SyFw
zk+0KQ**LLfN3rxjb;l7|nJF}RQHd7TPy-Kjt=U;OEp#{9h_d3xmVd@_I|coMg99J+
z@_a_$MOr4^Gci1xhX?yv&o_UznlNQDKm2D=J;=B80a%$BvB!%R(PGBTdr23qyuCU;
zVIO{7zfi2cr*VdaaT1a2P%BFR08nFprt`Lz>9ZczgrB5Px~2h-Fd!e5DcnE#h3h3=
zNZBWh?UpmRdPRD{Dt~nx1j&s<FdMd?h<nRLmyM-y3cdy_z>&t@SlR$OQi+EMMPj}t
zI^MLGKc>lXBxD1`aH0?B@_+=aotM;oG}n?q-CHxD#f2s<9j*ZcUi3D?jH^EaSbbHn
zy*>tQ@MR$<OE9+@t8|RzQ?(Xlz5EOb`e{p<DR{y{BNiDtY=3DY?h7l}dO)Q|Puf&N
zBOzuh_<KcZv{S>3Bbq0Tyux);z=~a6Jj5G@kM>imdC4s(UZAnEx~3{h?IzD8@ZuO#
zk@f6(fEl>z_xtJLZ%s?0+D?A$=ueLmO}l6$i(ZEgWdh(m0qOIwY+RCrU-G5lsJ9VL
zEON&Zi5B1sZ+~ABpJjRF!9p8pJHs8MX<>S~%FMu-gmN8<SO8CDsx3*vDOxgY?7lp@
z{pwFAr{m<5W)^+c-ZVTa*xhzH;@^`9WhZH6(XUOT;pBxl(u;=O<+g`~N>-~IvTG(z
zK0NTdEQfSgvOhmvXsfiqMJMx@`EGgl8kr&}NN_+TeSb74<POancx6r>h<4RCBt!+r
zcUz&<snY$F@=Gum5%H}1lH1OV1&@6{7G!9aH`1cZp-3pmlz)b5S0X~{1ZM1PJ#_;*
z4%4j=XF?I(P0VUY^zx}yZKWE6aGNqZtikf+vGB*?9<DT(PQrpn<j>Dyn2Od_8W|XJ
zs^z)b#((!_KS`o>ljMwS1@|%I1&8Bm>$Zs)*HMq_`0)5~Fr!2qH*xwX@O9pwl6<`E
zRZw)?0AcIrUUKy{FpGoJbq~{c^F`<M_S(d5RlU`}bn>i0Gs_D@HnTyhvEyz9O?pq$
zlC$)*1m9z_k45iZb0~q<XH^~-XB4X5S0M=DNPj+ZL%>)Ich<N!tOb3UtT_|(irkFc
z16!>Ot*Bg}(qqK?jh5&|&9u~MN;E{Ouooe$M{Q|hMIJ&+k0beOaVGxFylV1wE}My@
zDdxY$$e!EQ7jbAv)|o=s*e=3gvA2kL1+?McM31D(kd>UITdlZ~4+>U(xt}|2h<RbO
zP=BLS>ok;$ojX4EC6I1Ai8V29Eh4ep*+0`@v3!l}qi6^;wJ!Znr$(hCLc@Uvn4~1>
zk_5i(&PBjCwKFCJA|QF~7q*nWxR%~Zi*Qg^`pS!lpa2d8ngjKm(rmj^&@c7VP~bwt
zaRB(O>H>z4N9Q=&ECJKkRWz541r~9gL4RarW(~KM$RgwlTrBfAQ@9r3Sk|h>45V7Z
z!s4wgJ4|o15Up#DR}_`f!~@%JiJ2Z0mQBQ6iNByx8>W{{z}m#~<=IaxOw5+_(+3_y
z2v7;vkng1T9x_+ku1v|XB8wC$0Fdi*R{oy>y?{426{9W`(xFhKwZYVK6ja8@MSla!
zwa%wXUT!tw9yOB_`gDGC0=jEqOvi+fM>2tJ@r(Ou<A*Nxax^#8*GUUnP1g4XfIaj(
zx5Qp3%7dpy!Oh7RTO0do&(mWMV8uWJ+ViKQio-$hlWMyy*qeGNceL>-R<MkR>DM+6
zd_>rh*-(0E+SVYOdktx{XL9-ps(%GGHU^r#zX3W{45h-BIZ@kHy{<S>5*gI701yrC
zYeLtITz&eZ8!Wcq2o-M9LQpFon;8MezpeRktq!Kg$wcHx*VRdqS<||k>X+FX^1s<o
z{z#_q6C__2A^1MZrX&((!4@=n0-(zLkbc@>V3R3fh9hNF23O>u^7PZw<bPrGY%Uf9
z-BIs5R&g(^nk)F$7ZetJj2?}GUPHALfFAR|+D&+z{-c%EB{St804K_Xd#FCsQPeWB
zI*i_aLy>Rg#y!*>!k4=*ygg#NcJ};Kzmd;tOXxwd;mfm)b<d`!L#X!DA8lDDTpF9z
zc+^|4+JTlPs%oW(<6~SHv47gC%zFU65Gf6W;AdmskC?WtezvyBh@NPEy2Ho1^$cr*
z2$6I?n&0bV^PxS=DsA$wVW%mX*x2JDaT#r*#F9AMuv5#67BqRQ5U|+1b)j_OY`gvw
zPD`q0cgCmbsIz(&kPfOp?UDZgcj}|YKP6QC=>EzFQ#a{J-L{yIMSqR2a8z5_LiqZL
z{JjNwLv8tTe(`wQ?4o9=PN5t8W9rhC#B#X%hZyB!>}%8AWkFb`UQNre>r?sK>d~#2
zwy&Zt86zh8vEVqGNiMU@g5u`=;2mkW_9|{sv>s>eG^~!NF<pJx7T30ftu@4lz-eB_
z8AZaYfv;m|YR<bli+>JMF6t9q;F2-#TIuT6rb*U!$DLJ%fmw*KyABkZ8q^j*3)SN6
zXw3^F`B^K^!hME|oC@_EW*i72g^)(vi=HW`wxZhCxAi(Uem3qG6#oFKABrtKR;u+c
z<w!{4v^Xb7@*#a#Y_n|}j}GcKLS*I!MT^Qt7T+P(-O4LUV1LJdH^y*be#+|B{)9iy
zJU$+E)u)m%@nYFWc3wkv%G5gMZSqLp6S4N1nx&%bA_&sGG-A=OpnX;5ySv4DboUp~
zDlfpQn0-wD0NpLw5c*9LGoYn9!g-xhyhTEy@Tw@vk67g1zYB5o8Y2rl0X)1LMj<o>
ze((or?6|dJg@4)t^IbifR+mi884O{OOmeQaJjZos+!9FC5`Marnr$+rGgqJw9PQi%
zX7$*XeyJte#x+&9s`ahV7r`;@U_Oe)>SVuE$#8Asx3F5BK5wwEr>HL?;CSuot2PEe
z$83}#(KTf{8+MAN<QxdCSS~s|g!~P9w%URr7;WX0+<!+Jfgl_;s<<Ikayr_eX;exK
zvUgDf8eLAbWoytf{+f|dU2#AXYDKEIuD+B3YO4U+5vOlDwTZ6VNDW?-*B=zFK5G}p
zIwaiFxx1^=5e`IKTF)B`f<A%`cv}lt>JJf4bk40WO<<3CFv-<8w0-N{-C5sma<wY9
zgM7f)l7BICc-dQH_nt<p5VjEfQV*`4ig+@hx{)k04m?2=oUt}3R3x@G{mR|r?wZLK
z@&h>Aq;3BIGa~;0@m6nCKj~Ee0MB~R%pv-AEw~xDA5A5bwc?FiRWrT&^{TJ`0MM9@
zL=TSYt-;rFntPyU{H{;S$ZZVgL-4;ZZC9>iuz$){Q~6P%i+XD|-mc2E?yh)=rkSbN
zdS8<?lR~;n;$GwTg(LDTB8<KFkXeoU1?$mt{DtbBIL9IX08<5nclI}~k&p`oBE@$p
z9pF@X*<+EVD_cp1o@pcv(UIP0@n!WG#^`3;1w65%l2~bF`sg`0gczfMg}XMVpQf!@
zK7RySj;*N+59)5K2lH2Y^X4g}{YTRBd^xy@bHwf1YbMeo6_s|_d)%*8+Kw(jH>V4?
zVQ0T{ePQTXBmFKz;}iF9xqsrQewChsbP~suqlLUJZ(Vuwj~@^=p5tnFrb&>J$i8!J
zMBFv(scG<Y+&u<QnFE!`iK1eD@Y7S<QGYaX%JOd)1&<m&KVNoTvW1mx!14A`cXZ6X
z5x!nS$+Q=xEoz30m&OMaBu%wUnm1(tmx27OfwjlGAop9owem10hBX0v$ioA@H5T+x
zCW<*7e8IRK2&d)h9x_HhQ^<@3konOLO~hNU(@Y}CEs>7iA+3&uYaVFj#%7TLIDhxB
z2U}A(GlMcnhT4F`v>sGC;!vd1icd93Ixx|NX~B&PMx?FD<5>(g<Qr%>e#+8<Swf2)
z0PL)8xf&s{iH(17UY6={!vqSEF4mE??*gyqP5%IaN_9C)N~quAuhMm=vYWc-M(4!J
zo5hm^eXcL<sOs;(sN^0>!3U^Xs(%}IQh|AHA6<0lX3EQ8*DB?d4kTZfqPj1tBBEpv
zY;+@tHPxabSB<l#LwHaPhl9z%N&3wKb#oLm%V6%L0nLCu@u`xJN&0YY=^?va+te$|
z$sm5C=9BL`pKa^Zbo2860H=eUKP{Wvdh!LV>ivi7rCnGHWS`7iek1hO#(yk<;|H`>
zH2hTavHI&nr@!Ta*;`c3$koMgnGut!vDm}8w58V_Vd^Z0h05Bd{KpZfr=`R)<StoY
zk(E~5dwJAu!c*uytwjbp3DEo!5Itg>80fMyi<V)u`UO%<+!&dN23IEJDDdCXX?c3g
z*0L(ZKZyM`%@(vrBcf7~>3<=W*TAPiY8;rX$`Ry9ffg*xIQlChUaKSD%$b|;gZnBl
zra2O_sv89-b9VBoTWu+CL3yWyY{oD#)GV1w#^jxfO$fh6M&G(w8rC`m7Oa@@^5)h@
z*be{&4R9orac65OBL0f6ww7JBC0V@|hSBQ%GBQfzZYM%r_}Zx7sefTX`EW#|u!7Z-
z9s+r6$Bls=%4A?dk%rneULE$P>9)DCCuTP%>MW&%N}(fG;k5@kRQ{vQd)ihYaoPZ>
zj}|#GM&WRP5WV)H!HE}-Pr5Jb<43V4jTj``;81m($)8}BO~-*Ig#AM`n62FH;%;f*
zmxT)LTQ_g2r4dENxPO85)0GmJ0Yj9hR%b^hWZQ=31$cr_I;)I@l*V0&weBleDD&m@
zQGAsUhbyTyFL5NCYFFEBwK_8p44vh7I@ocdv{{PQ6FC4}wzaL~rs)F>0Oi|NRRo)k
zLr+yNyU>4W%t?#$SxN~qJ%)y_7H&&;Qc_Q4YP?a9+FTx1p?|J4Lc}Q2`r55tt;7>*
zI;oK%)bbQ+;Ezx3tFKgc(nVGWv~l)PTNV=#x`IICZD~1hfshqastCCqlzUia4H%?H
zQ)K|$Q<LLKnUNe3@LLytN-arZV#_4KBi8)8yG?o#<aGRIl18vmc5Y<WcEiD3GEB2#
z^t?^ZcB%^j&3}*WuOXkCHg-XpT?YhCN-F(Fs7ur*GD)Osq-n`V?WHSSx<+24S;<<d
zHFH#G8KU!nwat`rBD9iVsRH*J9??;9JN*?)N;ry*(tI?;Uvix}_tb^C0{R*q+0Nah
zp37X*Sh#A@B<@JNfD^LEolTlqW2$y=xk%Ua;R2hkq<<0#;%jFk5*VWbBnk{+hy#hW
z7pue;ILI7``YQQ=`Acu|zRFa$ldI-Mlu74|YrPqiU0qpEJ~Z!K_n|%K=@g@DV{vh9
z2d10rTE`LWVf2c7zbcPw<6(ZCregXUoPIe&wj28mC4v6&JMZ;VukX$~U~77fXKj5A
zkgrhJrGF1q76xxB1NU73^cogt{{V~wxoD7U)1mGFljt<p$JCpAy#;ZHhaxk|MjqOG
zB$@g`x86`M{ljWTGq)!tJ4&$iihmKE@g#vG-{NbrHdPJu)^^3;qc+!SzNi*5EYPg7
zHsCZ1!9}~OW=G0s#xj?9+U2+)9Q;)&kB5UF`hTf>&SF2if888whE`@@hY~*~FY_Bu
zV5;LN&x8aqMF`!OFAupMgVx+=5@oET$;OG9P^ph#&|6w!E}alN=O%eOTY&TmXed!&
z03Cvt;s$(}`I(X=l7+_+l2i{9Yei0-jHh#hD|0SyP1PilIECbJgS^_GVb4+(BaB%T
zD1Yu1YDRvsg%`R^r?Ez!(^>O%+?Uc65f0yY(^X{oBYM@<<-e(C{{Wu+Z^pWxhf#SF
zo0T^*uwRPC-r69s)K-s2ebHHk)al(>@*>BPGAOdEumiAOs<xKYXgg9WtvZ&4LrSW9
zYtk>eJr(D%Me-1L*P`W9aa8kNRiyr@D1VFtV7I@bg0f|N3T@bFjLmwcN$lD_ii8@~
zP8K)`E~8j8*s+}qcLvOLQ>Seu7xLH9TUf{rBWZhsq4ZWXe&W<8GF(I({RCSb&ujfc
zvL(T3)?Ap|^BLW?o&;Rh$4Wk5PiOt}^ir{SFxR;WKCybu+12BVHQS=HwD3k6IDd7x
z9+6vE+gGM3djvMU_*k05$Byyt2E>zF8AESFw`gCa*4EW7r#}bSre8&dP+k+|w|1(1
zRf#?{@JeEpNIZ`sJ8NI2X2`6tG2D%yzY$J#NY}|$Hox{&w+3{}NWgqKBgI^y;*6Ux
z?5Znst-~Gv08SD|5N-Tbg82C{3xAQhc-?iV+rN~~s?8l6+kP!V!>DWCx`2*I<5#)u
ztqei~YMs<DFV3zMPzCo_UZZHK08j+prlPul8R`8-ZksOj1@YMaY+wA#-(Io|jBMO(
z@sT7l4S(_5UM`7;n~~FI^P%xX-_D1T9izUpy*#qDDOx)ogQ&;y@#DaCL4PnYw`!h8
z(OL2vtRV37+QZjcuaSq;qQ+%w#VI1=-bMoAk$h*zmKdb>zF?8wt*ymou%YT-841;f
z@sK&FU!YbGn4B-ejd~2?8|IH8Z~UT=!<HprjH1uP*jn^$xJ<p}iofjx)3Z(%Qe-Zv
z?#QE>o;A1CW7>l@3p6s15q}-yMy!6X6i`f(LZMbbe8n6tIn&>#`hv2zO~~;^;Fw9~
z4;1~CS5p>7RkScr6lBnYV7DW-`qiaV=f<RQEw-(kG5TwWrGzwYZxoi|I}doFE^kbc
z)DT17%VKoBB)FGrOUW`SnTTKy4JdgSk-Uv<2um+@GRFwWL71z7Ykv|As^%niERvzP
zwT_faz?4o*bBUL7s=(L-d(&8O$qYGdCbD@}1XIb4DwaDz1#C8(@UBHFlW$%-bUl}*
z?k^rj5+WmkGHi38CX9CjVAlh;QCj)9aO4yw$7@ob(o~F)2(bficRD=NQt%!vI4h0R
za&e87j?u+Wh*Rs4hku*_U?H4vVeXUPS+CQwV+-Xsm{<)DZ7hQ+Cfh1)90?pRL{`~M
z9M$C-rZ<hsKN1F<jV!pS252$puVyRA8}g#TmZW)7oxo{-ytH{@CP?H$2+#sK(wGq@
zQ8Vvd2qj4L8rQ)$OI9I_rcU+Z-tgpWR~IEBU9WrhR$Gf0E`O$&;w#VQOXg%s{EHiU
zw5^D;<B+ng_XQ`|E6zLIUi?LA`(^TMjn|?BiTRycEkFv_H}2MzX<6D(cr&vG9p;$n
zK~GR=8-z&iN%UHj9$?jMLEsLbO>1pQu7eU~`G<FiZB<>o16z&#H5oZVQg&Zp78|*D
z4@E8J$_<Qnzkgw=e>ITZ0*-eyprhGNr9V%V9HCnAvlS8XvAw|OUcV{jm!h|qqWKHJ
zUqCt6jU&KWwRSeWO*r=eauQ@kZ@dYu2qQ5F+<TH;Po!%|Nv=Wx$X4VCC+V`s!dNXJ
z9*^5vtrH^JoGLnmk_a(KyQ>0$d2UnAqBh*1j$)bPiGSZ5m-R5U8;Vz`sfK3921KsG
z+hALZ4%=vIxcx9pcS_`u$Z$0Lf6QPx+NTuQH>Sd|c4;{1YLab8JbVmzJjPLe&DxQr
zHIEubgeVrNSfpaaDL3I(NQ_HqEWNiNR(5uMbTqGu=nM-L)16)7Uo4O;Y)PuL*m3J7
zLh0~}(0^a5^w`C`a&pwzRo<RnF*qW&@$%}*sJsN*OMP^9joCJ+y}_`z9Vt}n&=(Qn
zz@Xapw`Zo7Z`7Gi+agxKVA7l0vwX84u9EbFQy&t4AcBM&EyoW{bXYSc;!1$P4Noyx
zll4BNEFS7lX(x?Ex|_9$7URV8qrv7{$d$Pxd4I8&a4jkTynU2ECJ;^MQNVi*>kH+x
z+Fvf<f-k!Ms)oYLUBgD&LZ4kVRi~E$OPP%g;&DW-{(AWBrkYx$&y2B%%*qEFk_BMN
z(=wC>HXsX{V=D==4m!rSZ!cb4DR@(!gYvrJsj70YuE)<yw=0UN$-?93ue4S;>2i5j
zWPbwYz|}vdvXU7`4FKY3RNLl1J;lJ<^YL2$0G_@s@lXsKw3SG=3-hd|>Cp^g`%jyD
z0ZJTs!dyms{Z#8(&KWj$Ydnp|39`Y(z}H&jh2>zeki_X>^_oIHoh05&5velBw{GBg
zlU|z>4;Q6k8;~q7B!`_%noAjF<!i_;JbzGNKwZcd7k4%0y0=*Q>2`ud2z)Es-fDWE
zQ<FLNi>^AK3U>FJ&mdJ&k(a3!WC>94HEI(ou(=u@2Gvc9J=ZH*5*|34B6#4vmCn9_
zPt6z*fChoAJpz^J@w4>>yqlF2wYm0IgGADS5?gaIwe%WRSF~QaHQTJx{NTxaX@923
z3jjNa*KZG9A0GkO&Xb*CP}UsD?X6Ce14S-xm<II<FUL+gR3QB9{{Y<;YSQDOm6QPK
zF)z*y28h*0U6{mtGcfiVKS}=pd;b8_Z?cCt{E2&}YFnBv=&g^N{{R+l^+g97Hva&|
zt5nJxposRv_EEDuco81tKGA9%gMV}w{qd3XRP8)2jGOAuIlLRHjvsoR>iXkGd)Aa_
z$lL(1Q?0qveM?*<Ke}se-D*b8mK4G^%#YXgQ_cMO2W&EZRE8-dA~WCiQ;#CYGc%ih
zRD;$=g0Q>yM>?G~ueZyUfMj^Oe$nu$tK!)7)Cb`s>8hl2WMlbh8L<FvI)4o)k#x!Y
zu^iLwjd&t{+O?*6ncFV{5>An3ITvEcwgX=fr*T)PnA{?WM7BGdhy$=wuwmlk>lzK*
z-0I%iV|QgsiI^=rc=*l)VCiuqd9xENpA&w{cEAg80+h?@xOlorCh0%RPZNJ-W90Sx
zscx_+$6tu}pY{rBwq(0i8-Md;LjvxV)-l?~)tf(F#$6yrmAMn)TETW{8+?ppbN86s
z*KX~qR7<HoOnz>ypEiNSOW2xyG?`~7b1`Gu+SNf7H>wdOk1!}~Pb!ktQfYw~uCA`2
z4W5!D5%^lmeJN=T@+Lj5-(5S=(3lAV;5MR>f9Fff#@c%8I{fTwe}9Do;EUzPJI#6;
z!Rdne$=nI8(M9zlr<}+)>KSM8f%I1bRY@Fer3y(u)@A8`%{3`F-WJB<si3PiuwQ;4
zJjge!h{uFhrYxgiQNq=m81VaRH1##LVhzYYFQYl_M*3-7ld}o?qqosbxZBaK+NwRK
zk?Ln|6OPaYWd2oO+<$4eie2<Fan{g}MQi4-{jwDJj9~qBmV(F!b!%toi;ka(et}&d
znRhvD@qL8iiAHQ&MXU`s)<xlscxryC4mXQ6dzAfjUbH}1$8#F18SQ+RaC1D7^cdq{
zEW`juW$&#a9Pu`s4`HoNprCY&W#@JJjU)20vH@!5qfqCKnSbB7pOQ<3P`tRSAtZQP
zw0*RpRz@h|%qvC++Bt+xc306)VeF;)v|dhj)1fh`HMK0~$5j$xxm6RRk#ScBgd|#@
zGz!$jHR^9b^Si2dliffDxUSqNK!e7tElNiP!w%YzYMNJAdMJ>B@J}ujrdYgDonAiw
z0EkzzjbQ3H_<!^61(XJkLEBy?*V5$E-6yI)OOtC7*iL+F#KuqFU$&z4@=~=!tB%IT
zVoIkhNV`cpm$0q4ipR$#95D2Y*RFJjGalQ4M;DGku7<Fs#_}C;=0Uwk+Ibbf5#3o)
z#HYmC&&gN&M7oTzOtJ0ous18p#*#~<g;lJ{XG6}P>VNoa43W&bBOSXaIIu@HVOJLg
zYgE)3H74#X@O8Wsi;@7D1<B?J;Okf!7_#DKq%y6Dab_GCUx=xSNpZ3Z#BC%@Ks=aN
zpk>GFSZeFxo-=jrR~%IL8lQ{k!DkHfeL)qokN0Sei7QVrib9H~!n{R|H$E;5vl7!7
zrv}WA#eYcUMqF77v!kS&>};*sPs<Cic&YU=k@LYjE<(272_pWAY8?FG37c`Uzm`$8
z)|gx@h(m6Soz1urud0F+#f-v5Ax=f?MUAaZwD|%}48_+J05Wld1NV}j$Ia;(AgW5y
zGYb&a=cUH-WFAa}i7rB#r~_~2sJY-pOQl-C<$tHx^?xLMEeouQr<WQ_A`+u(CcCew
z@2s3zrjA7rO3De<PPF_za#kBMqYRuk4(g8vv?<<o5Xr@wIbLK3RwMyM!OlME<a|he
zv07VUol9f3;B_i^ibh<0vJ-1DztvUcDjFs^4a!xTIaJ+Fhr77ejtp@~t-V7Kc-AH~
zn}30guYE30ZD>U+MtmTh+-+Iea48#096(tR0&Wex734Al#O$D5E^Il9-H#$r*V@E)
zUa|7@mBHc|=zTS>?f(EWGu>JW;P2a<RCvB!h#dHf(vi#v8rH8wV7*xsjms*sFyaUz
zv-;;wTny(-Q+Usd%jTEmR^!R9QCC8ZCx3ld$+&T>?>&bT?Wyz07AH!6B}wgnPvkWH
z4tO2!usBipZF=&K;FM9pMa>RArI7?}6f(4E{_?LrR265C?Tm5aX(~BlZ4AJn<Y@^z
zS4;Pr+rpSdkcEZTPs?yQ--RQGj)@+|)Hl6P^o(hy%SC0pFh1iT96;bbHBJ)A8h@}6
z{#lYU{u8o$4Lgbqu}YT<aHi*gv8r`wgk4fyqRS`}TfFi5s3ft($P341#klBbd8DB%
zSYXY8j7vO)->`R3AFQhBjRL3QBIdJUf>&?MTM?~~8X>|gvI56w2E)~Q&&IrRX)l3!
zy1q*SUTY79bo!}Lkn?zyGlFbyM}LQ>LaG>z=WX@x7pAe{MMO3i7Pq#X)o8fD;qm1n
zaN)^3jwEfW1;Ae3`f5I%jH;!Ra5mk4MII15*)7Z(BL4s_JzrH#o0#l6d}aVgi2{I8
z0-n%0RQYlFiUQbxb+sDW1ItS1LS8+JPj1jolzC_+S#6xS$lIHS)#GZ2(SJ*O1vMTv
zODm5lj_-7lVOIGJo7{z799Rw&6P9TSB)+22s96d8A5H4m#Y0L@9n^7x5z9RBAltUr
zy--Jk7VY`SHyfJ{bejH1YSmwfE-jA3;!{h&2KbL;WKo+lq^j&}y}*kb4pl+aIwB|w
zD;=X~J=E1)Sw^J0DXZjM`+usxcXbJZiGR9k4^rtCvb!5=RBofw4xqKpm+q*p)sds!
zt1JhNZLf&^RmmB5D1z+GYYGp}!z8I5Fk;27tIX-bw(&9J!;P{hAU&?kcqpdo)5yN!
zj0A=Vu%R+YKzm+CJ%g8`yw_Li(&ovsEishn4u#KYsp{QUO!wHATz_TvM>p>^nr<sv
zQZn^2vy;5QJ>W;vQ6Vi07{NCh5DlseZR4eG;edJ#$72ups;zGreMFSt$~f}GvH6Nc
z#+K};ZM;6QTKP&Z0bV-|{)$kjxhG2tnw4oEiB62G{YA*P^7(pc_;kpR_uK8Ix;ZbF
z=EMM&7Z&GCp#o^h;D01*{WYHJ_b$fYw^+YaF^E4iH1_QJsc6OK&;8L%;+vetwSg(8
zs+WXcBRjon=>Gtbj_#}%O8)?U2jFTP-^!SO&OcQXrH}iH{_A~IIgk5+*&sgK)7;b5
z3uEW#&p`V0xQ`RDKFSvuF@L;1inwJRCNfwH#<sboMof(iNq-DSbZlF5=(Z!<QMU2w
zE3BDwF4>%4fg+2R=_VX;q2DPBWnE65iZQ@Pkjs$e*^SC4g@0`^9BCTui2^TR6|Uvg
zqBsj~j<Y;W*gAeeWp_SRwH(@>On76~+uP!8O;;y76B|k9Rd0s(KEX&!*I^g(BQkat
zJ4H-4m@ZPpnt$7_Xj9}v0Npf;81FTKFICT%?}(SN2ENluHQkH3F2{>8xvE=y*q!+r
z^ZucMPTXkPR`{F3zqYe-I+k`##FFeo{v3W0?c+co9yI|@<xq5D2EFxasc4C9y-4t{
z4J)bt0F#Ln>A2YHYcwr@Dr|X<RK!}<)m{9XLsq>2MStt7tF1^5s3y9ift_7lT|gUM
zB1VN+@j`VJvz^n*M*{3eww~zf2yw>t(D0<C(;`vA&f0qGI{fTwe}zW+NWO6HLtA5&
zV{~zR#_mJ)*1Db)uc;N#^5lQ3%0Kg4>!L=Y<nyXFnK>u^YkhTezS2)R)Q$$G3aho4
za2FP=^?w|FHKEgQy8YCQV(o9m_SQ{hnpL<`ZRU7-Y)SDl3eM`r*uZ>DD@Uk*BN;nf
zeFC!jskn)ITkNb>Z(ip@#?6HQ;44q5=yB81eS)*&7m){PA6-Ay4f3KLihjE2UnFv0
z;KAXG<(}pHYTaw!Mf@k}uIb|WQXaqsSE`cPNPoS<>#DYljh~%+hU&~C!NyWF+&+b+
zQI(VxHx{P4xZIeLo&>S_D>un_JW-uFj@sp<I<9ihM{-r)A*fe$$T{yHMIri;@73f3
z?xHWzT0J<4W{It9we9Gvp0&D8uarP0&22k?t#-aovCX{jgfCNi;}oF#hlTiZs@}RF
z!hcKNq%~5c8bgqvny_jP;Zx=hO(<hbKI)s^f#xybrl#_q!Ac5Cpm1t$K~!>eZ)F->
zX|cA6K^w;8Czzug#_H0TAL$)o`fG@0CGed3Ohoe?)#_%349Ha65${DR>u&MgUJxEf
zP-{=4b%yEgAeffJbH|B{o_>mp(sH%_Vt-CM4)wywAcjHX-F-M%4m7V%Qgd0j*mAE)
zlaG&`09GJ_;)+qNk0Lv(2MZcZeCcD9S=9Q7w-HdEwW5;AT)08Ud566mhW+8Gd`!tO
zrt_oK4w5Hmtqhg_0JmgY;`?hH9?H69G{t>zdMwNweyJK~W1Bs^b{8x^Xsqw(?|&kf
z$Cf!kBUNpuPUA!AeMzt;vDY2XiGCjOPxVfn9E0ca2?2)b0v;pc6**2P0HKM#A60;p
z36U4>i|!WnUZ!mP$VHq9Q~*zywluVP*^q)_mO-@Gh6b2ky_aiDi8}KIZ&eSHV!>0D
zg(bY`O1BVKT8}3VVYVqlDF(?VhkuW46X!ZcMw7r{Z;CUeNa;{aH(_L~fPyx-*2b0>
zI*wm(IQ>3Iaux1EYoR()j~ubQj-;vFbnO?Wnhe}BH;0WaW<L58%B;Cz!SiF>2NJsd
z6y@uvvDjKXi6T)eczj!Kr&`mCIVJ&S<H|wy(xyClLWqbfy5)KOH3u9cv42Cf*tL%h
zC~*1$k*5MT8gV)><||L96Xy=`SkcH?0=Al5UzI(KWYcBK0m`znEi=%ev9B@uhaV<9
z=_HMB3)!waNbIdtIe_RN*;LM1UKTSc1TDcmifL`x)yO)lLSlcU@k``OmoV|hHpUMv
z+)W4dbP=AWjBojo0!ZyrMSnli8bx<ZaeJsNPd`QIAF3go$B&gIuB6B9@e0zHo!s#w
za-KD4@{(hoOnr2@j>g>S$z<Ag?IhCivpl!pIrmpo7)c8Q8ZtpB_g>zLGAV6%FDfV(
z&~WXi0+Uyubf21m=blDwueDa@)&rQYNfb{SghmR3f`zrc6u0TjQhz#BZ@90R%+|Mk
zt4!lx@1LT){p&Y(oF;W`q^gfU`i2=3$;%&^r<UMx?G%O!$t1-}Z3RuquS3<M367U?
z*N|v<aHSI-FodYFd+FXqRd-sdub}?Ye(ok@fPBX8)%vO}aVQ=C096u6@lmc-nn9tt
zuoj?8)ixWVq<81ew0~0whpP(?G|Yo)H@j{Y*4^|}!(>JCT_f5xxvZJGv%eWxyO)J5
z*)urYu`>>AZa@_LSa}<_>F}|4$lS+55Kzxj>9MZZ;*wA_8;!VDYvW}!gUC_k5$_v&
z-IdW|WO=4J`0d;Z@TCh@$L?52ar)U^A;v`mhV5ug*7}#-k$+<y!ms@~ZyJzUY)cc)
zq8^<LkbqM6I=5x1c~E{fhWQIg)U)4L%WHQU15GTR^zOv+xvgn>W-jw(14~$qJyxk~
zI3mRXR9?eUHKXoV5Va4tY|jK_e7Pan%N0ddC-<lzLR)UuH|A^7VZ|A_AQ82AilV}s
z8$rdnQ1@ZA8h<zn?aG<qCLDO}CH%Naw;G0op(`S7Be%Z24m@fvZ-i2^!jiKq3xjKl
z7U#YJ?fX2ZGGwX;jJg4#+Ix)?<gyxMhC8#!0r1w2KTeGgl^7&50yO3;X(Gqz@U}$E
zs&;_y+&BS6uG58)DyYb(PU(>JnA;;JK+kU!r-BcKYkx1Qby+jtVqI}m_*0vHCZTl>
zrzcR8;Kx(>arXWu@1-f$x$?GHo8XIFRao0w6X>qJYsV4}n*#x>5XAav?q9(t%&oe4
zxG_myX4U9AeVd@SaDT3|Oi9MT>T6pB59v~<79Kq-H@K~XOKiGkN@Pj6V~w`59ea3C
zB8W*S2Y*!rU(-co-Q*4=r!&KaF$85|-TweG#185v5d>okX3g2S{Yyh24=90ayM45L
zfA?}9#D1Ymvsgoah@1M&XMP6XxA`#mzUEo&D?rEBCo}gb_^R%cgi?2~vmF-0zKIqj
zaJ-JpU8K>61-E5sM+-cRcT;z9%+KlPW_)fGvVV=hkT1kqintE*$@2$na`^TsyJ&fu
zd7WcR_+yNE0IaG108n8^HKW}*3%9^Dz58mW*3l4>u3I%#5fxQNiY&L*!?0edG|@u4
zr;%e`);6pO`rdrk5e3IX%y^&MS<a?L-zzka@j1Ox+I(CCy5Mc(exSumt}-<3@q4NC
z)_-P4RnN(|X*{Gqay>qtG?^6uky<L%a3R^gB<)adYo61osnfE$y7fXkQNp`-Zk5-l
zqy>Q$Alc(Rjy}2_stXW72KFHRGy$^w>l=l~d9B|i+n0S~OA%RJdl=F~2gGZwRHwpi
z-Bz&`*QNzGGW)~VRtybIK}9{rfn=N2O@FF3u;6c9<0L3kxwIad0H0lT8~Sd4`F}{R
zr;cKiU#0IGh;5`>PTERlwnU|m-#=Ywbg~05E4zj3J0{;XGh6SQ3d+Ab8}586Gt=@K
zDa)$f>uVi3*1Q=hAq&C26Ij@z^9}wVwwgWK9!8z2nF*Qiu0}<<%HLgGecGafzJEeZ
z*txl)0i{tUk4`=@=%q2m<WczT^wYgLEWxkKQA*(r(<kr!wVTzNSAnaZZusljxc!xv
z)Q#qaeI~TC4f3NMh<=k<dD`VKa@I8YuE$NWv)ryY-IEynLYwL)`QC&dO)r8kmltup
z8!+E8Q`uqkR`vOM99zF1QvEPqS$~_n52AyfOLYZR)Qf0oj+Q(!H)|iFmYc=Z2XPel
z996!7`*l0D?jNZ;G?=Qw%oT|g8-fKJss8}IjCMwTx(_Plug1NO{m+vR(-a)2$EJ{R
zyDKJ7idOm!t52jT`GDUFlUZJ3BR=zO&c^44r?#}Fud#*r1;>a<loasWuYb0)a(Z;b
z&Ymy~O3i-JYS+Oa<gpx-Yw51H{jVv$FEITzwOdTa$urFlO>u2(Du$THjxxKQOCDX7
zsg#@}QO2&S4vH>&g&hL@*ueDbL=7Ms5Iq8+rfcSwhzjG(+z|ToqsP;-p8)MZ62E{^
z={4J=JXqD0m~bcCN(1h)Cc(+aUGje@+3_j8sjj*<$A{d9?5jn&`gT*fEOb$QZK$mY
z@zQ%n+_9S1?b4yRXwt3Tx!}(;dg4X3stc}%h^{8}W^C2yy=AbRK{+Q8xN|X+%y(C(
zc;m=bl?W^c<;XY{JiQg*>qn(^nQ$A+d&!DUsm*)W_EcVzm8k1zHzbU%Ea88Jj_d6{
zn#akBT63j_(ZaW*e14#15Xc+Cl1AKk@?lw7k&%?)*J%J;R8_RfaM!4dKx2tmv2DbS
zM+;VuN9unr!y0pV8$~DXllD~vNhDFnxY(BC%8`;I8x?LGja;i?lM$29&x#^rVR+wF
ztZd9x^V@CLfzwLV==sAUKazjQH<1VBw`%^;LCnk;xdtq}d#~J(3x-;XrmY1wnlf4$
zEJcIZ^U(Wh`0FHiSq`@jgb;WU=&cy#={XuJm{{-t>Hh!~5%45be<hY=eQplYJ+*Gw
zhKWgYGx2)PYAN#wl{u^EeYC~;Zfjg$7a;QB57=lE<JdAfnAw3IA#HzsGzp^v6c*K#
z0rpXcrV8=KvKm|o;-7nXqtecwZCWX(RtqTJjc^!o(u0eiGBU+|>U7%tN1)S+(MoR_
z+Ti$*(P`pMV2z67bZ1aSzh!E4m;BN=X~MEp80S2J(2ny?LL^i9M$gLCowS0{=~1bE
zqZ`SObY10c8F}qIX>@;V?W4eZ?kL#OWQSoeve<3Yon@gycymXOGPB)?@RBsp=q@P#
z0H|XU^r>yd3b^$eY?Qv@0X?>$bp}~*aw9xiHn*nK>u+*>MSQ2&@baKHRvL;|904ot
zItq3{y#o(;4Gk}d13ZjJI`mF4kPC6pc6QXA29-5<Q_RSUKaGFXeKb5ETAtqmHpjxp
zglVw_{U=(y`418o0JXURb44=6djc#p_EdS%d_ugtIdXO^BOfO&Y{U^s8!GMw#ZR{N
zbW%iVs5|^5@waVi8R66x7Br~xBapuE$AXW9cT+7}48`l6HcyxnL~RU)?`}u?X&7*!
zNvx}IREsvX=<<K1idY^pM~GG+QYBtoZ(7#P);SrfsR56Jj~r&m32T#meU*KYrYJ?y
z%k)uHHMIuX{WLZ)EL$DbTGl$>>Z)?zsMIO!Gme{(4n)++8W{@>PSOW`E%Vr^5K>&Q
z_-qH$RBo>g?y+A>c#kSx7M31pdsE;XKo|B^aIUa$JWqcr&2F_N&d`hW(9c=SwU$*;
z-C<AdHno8JsV2FbEewvtg>F_LS4)jE!?95Aw>rW-Q!&5yC)9ssQM0lLyJS7PZf#HP
zEPrVqap$S%@v&x%S(A_)M=IsQoFP&GI-A^cuP}1koa}$RYCd2e@y-1vo7+vd&mmj1
zqE{o;E;N6UsU$DD2fR5_pD#C=a1@regd3X5iVTdbwt^Dc5p#289j3Q$jnZ+hPUkvb
z?>VVyRpTv=TTt{3zaOT+XPvxfmpl9`UUxq}eCc;d;f#BcjsyE@nR%0CN@bYv_g9jN
zT(@OiX&HKw*~LKAX;duB#8*2JLptiltVEe~zX5+<iAVjj7T*fiE;bo!NjS3Dl|!et
zx23nq!WP!>+T1u+AGp%J&Hn&w{p`*IkFK=vEN~?sz4caQ_>S+kwK{MgCoiSGs>-^X
z@BDp8$AwIaU&b~Kx8+2N*O6G*E8O3e#pqzUC?P`UZH=@5p4O{FiXLbAmfve#7U3`7
z+gg7{GR|2e9i6fzk_6rijkV5+w2NN!c(9_3DU<VAcwgNffmg`N$Hk9)&ap-~Ur%7H
zEYH-A_e>PpzvoHE`>Rb++ePXgemIkMe3+q4^T;DX&5ehuvGRXVrmKY+kpBRf{uK2N
zCa|QH=9A5tjIYeOzp}0v5v6Ngq_xSLyLx|MzC^h>O}i#jCt{5hdZ<<@$PwMfuU%Ra
zR4_a%s!D^e1KU+0hkXJ#)kvw_Dy66bEm2c?>Hv!C*H=&nZWgXS>8NV~u9ZV2fdgC9
z1K6sA8vf||tIy^x+_^`6{i3}Ldczs~EA>_vQ(d{Q-T|zut1ajx%R?(gV^O7ONG*Rw
z7A$O;h2o5`98UrC)$xM-)ECu!#klp?sAy1(lmfv`#k<8RCe9BY-UcZk+QW!6Y(>6I
zU7Lk9Bn9DYhO;W2tUC=dof)ybtf0zN?QNp`4J+EUiE%m=MQh9{gGb9w&Q;V+dpTaZ
zr^#~{jkyS%9;Jp$A}&&KC3I~&t0{ljw9n=P8?zI!g^s?O^}E<rWsV8gZ1Jpv@e9<}
z(Uy&Dn^8I*dmG<x-5*^uO}|Bi9oUi>SpCD|Pp4X1Tx`fLWs7o;zaNNuIMw+kOf+Tf
zX(e<AYAYSYaU}Aq{Hg(TW>)RFH8ERz>&1z;J5j*Cl-ngC&Y02<41-WKVZnce3#N<9
z8T?1<qhZ>^v;#uvLhm1>)^_4)O;F}RzH5FI1KU}dM)_^r0Idfk=1hAwip`XRlIOqb
zthWAMhfeM`lIkC)5A}=O4O(+~=0Ax272Py{sVA|1x~rSBw`(!_Yofm=*x}uHLtQid
zz57_wU_13E*=@k-eiZLc(+z(QZO_w6;aR$jr1CVkoNcyg`&B!r?5QMtz$F1)Qr7L(
zyYBj`y+I7QvK8X0wxJ}<F0MUw&Xm@%$sKoo=iJrldI?|QLrY=8lB2AO85@W+#u3|t
zktg9b*a*H+Ve9o&%U(~ZI26J~NoU*cCWFu_vKw?qKN1t|G)PETvfqFAs<|ou0BSM+
z0LxqZMRe8a=yO|%<<AOo1+;5cNN~=K&125SkK`n3rZQSK7gjoO;x(;&)`U7ZoDib9
zjkpSsK;mkyRfyJ!Lh*c=b<|#_s2xDJWlxyB^ra8R+?ez~{wE~%xE|6gOp8yaEMr-b
zfB2cZ<zKF}+>braW<7sneSW6fe;3@x$--GN{Ke7HH+p-kCcP22%E$*Ob@m$b*3#my
zZMY5S^1;>B7q=?y-PLA8JwG~LpOi8q)p$ss64$MgJbtZ=nGi7FZv*!J7OxYy@)Y+<
z>az6dwYy`;e=;%u0GWI0Z&}LK0&s0d5l=2T7sRZ=hcTruor`}Ygn2{_qk-qGY{;?Z
z#F=>HI{|eg?+(LC5VF6APYDb=4}D`TIW@yjV5E-}ft2l%GjMywdL)t_v4yRK$;a@w
z>@|g*AD1<Vu{9WZa$(N1Ck_t364s4*B-W&8;J!vWqB=ZbWL_tSK2>CipfB?BG7tkO
zzLm9*k>x<Sa43I!jaT9ywz9<d4#YDU*n*@HYjUKU9t#ekl!^vItmym?1AnTd{{T<O
z1x?|0;*FsFmCuGIi53YJ_8W_yGz^@1gM!L!etM|VmOBSypQk)>E2$0?++U5T60FIT
z&YBH0^>VAM^1>9x-V>oys@zjPd{Qw-8(dia9crbnqJ)3?6^doZQM-uX-Tn2WfC-%e
z;tgjAJhIGy5ZtM}P|`9e8k1rxJC{?`t1Y;VJL-2WxQfkO84a{GBL+pDCnNIJyh8Pc
zIg~z1cUKQA+#6~L<;+y<hv5|=G43v_N<jJai?Nw`ZeTq|mVktoMLf;LKc5$ulamh(
zlC{0Glrew!%eN7ruTr^5^f;cZVvo~MOVqK@@C~^76ke5Q3#Svv3iMy4FjS<SLQpq7
z<AfecJ>%=C-M5V!DvE54A0{(h<w7{y+gf5c{uTNwj1V16YJEby`8tfz6dlz&BK$P}
z0FejzYwWD~I%156bOUP}jd)&!(93Lx@YV-cmRx^)rc_|Du-pi@*IQ?&p21n&U!`6&
zl#41GFdg-KZ7XC}PB3}-a+#y^S(%rG4knUj3Kf?6f_PKL2$m9|MS!&)%e8H$yepzt
zBPesJl+fjw86!YdO}CzP$$=!vcXAz{ZMgwjXf<!&KUG#SWCyZCN1OgdsxCc9IEXPk
zk^z6<3Fo1;4Z2n)z{<8D8~4-FYK(m!U0GE5cN*~(9!_-|s_@f`5r+l{CIwe%Wgznu
zX|SS_G(s$w@c~Rp3ztS!Bv|evl^G&%t8rsW)_8Iis+NT!>G*<Md1_YNEmW7LLoEJO
zF%86npyA(I5n{QUO-UN}QFAi!x@1T1&i;Su{pR%dQdV<}gGvZ?#pzHJruR1>d(Pjo
zy#7{Hxl);BH$QcG0oW=sGA7BC%QJ3s%a9#{f=y{!#$KehK>?XnxD)nJ(lEE#puHLt
zGUP^!$5ZrE4UA*mz}ok!n87e1wpL=Qw*x}lg*%0SrKVhf9H3T0IcrWq2pupv8n%DG
zO-yTPWns-n*IB*EaJw4)q^ac2$Xl$I(#UAz{f;t@7F}wyC@A50vheLTrm^s)n;Hd>
z7=kF>@e}q`Zz-*Ni}v<avu}}|6b~euR2OE@D)II9R+a`NiV2bL86^2*nc?Cz>cs{u
zBqgIz31&ZOtVjJvjgJ728BEh_a&&)1H|^(2m2X68ySqB!8u=3A;=|@l%M?rO^$PQu
zAE=~l>w_N9#{O&SeM?!{S$P?<dATpV@?HwQfk4}DcTVcwn`vv7bK1@6gkDFIXY(g>
zET0n_`zk6ocIjPO5=~9*Rj!}{ES<G|)C!QqPyu&WUWdGMsPj_%XaIx*#;AW%+$*>D
z)Nd34Qb^(}w+fO)P=P=ey;QNd1Bo`hM~HeT*pV#LfZP;b)Wq~8K%&I>k7=%DR}uvt
z>fW8mjaA@KEH2mY^wb1hxpn}0Jryp{hf2#g;r{?{5$#3#s~4*e^_T5YTQGmKfc^#g
zt1GK0IdFr){3qL4*HYewV={k(Vs-4Qmrl`Mo8+<LfcbHOVWGCQi7aupRHUds{3?~x
z;3rmvV|5b7K^i)rroDjw0CO<-kx#IZUQM4As`+3B1xPm5;Mb}R{;Yl|kI-qeJDA9~
z!_SZ4VAZDQe@uw~0LxlNA^H7EF4es`j(2p3kKnhmx&Hunr62blKeK=NS$}D5!~X!`
z-nxam{{ZFJR&vd}P;7psgOzV4Wi9ZX8`x=^*M%ylUI(;Oc>PbPV(A>))8Ky)uD7?z
z{Z2)GYv_9Vkjyw5!N>hdnhdB)cCu<cm8Xx?u(E%XGL!I=W9&5!mRh2flj0t1Y+Ql)
z(JLQ_Xx`CDNzw}3<4b>W@Jasw>J^~eDg`9k93wsid~>%U417RtE3e`dE|sGvaW$>D
z@H&Iagdl*n<Q`l0uAfB~a)PQHiKA|scI|r3VhpZ-5v_5DEPL4qmvJmdx^?<19O%R_
z+SfWA4MyEsvo_tmU22mY>Eg{Jb_xog%fDzQjg8^Qnfn3ytD1iZ*QBJ|Z7EG#p0%%<
zq)+C4Cp+7FlMOEw<&lgnFk}7NPp2~c<iwj@tS?T$HsVG<0Hpe225I*Tg4BNDueQhg
zHU9uAEhqcQxp4Zb836>^s0dt{RGxMhqLE;0pGfSEyJf!YY7w`j$=|26)Zqq5SdMq8
z79A?w*pIG>ji!Gqa?qMh>;6O}X2#pFXFn4W^wBzphYCx4D!)joAhs^wjzRU*^%6!Y
z?`0oNbfcMwV#^$Ip<$rV_g1G_jU~p!5P`1kd2*!iqDRO=z%V>(MtDR(L?3#l;=hM?
zDu?q$%vG};`gT+$1hMT`)IShuhrmIK)1fzrU4h_5YW06HXfc<({ZtY^?b$!MTKK0~
zGyB)`TnwDtN5yEjYv&-4cVCqXI9g}eyg(<}TOD2>IN`5kJbe^~2qP}tio?@c)_gpU
zhq<kIg^YjNt<23I*IE+We5CR6e%eJez>PjB)95CgmsXtf^3T^w+OJY8@NfH&6Q&&G
z{n&{5E6#rhTMOx4l5kU}<`czZ1KVozR?^(7O|1#ub9PB!cxzFub*)k>Llb~CU;wEL
zRthK>=S%97boneU`0Q@c_IIs%cv~AV47_#(u(2bba}L_^;0kL8Hf$NZ$hA}N$H|B7
ztnW$6)T-JIZmWutNf}|S?dq&oTM|177xY)Ej!b`kp^hbt+#VgO-Sy|PaOH!{SNFp+
z4#GRCHr!#AY~&|O>L(IkE=^#6cy=DzbE@>H<{vW!jrF+aSX;CNf-l-DU!(OQ8Tnj;
zc$-Bh?w-#@Rg+%iB={N8<H~`^VjeMm!)j@Av!M%f=Bw}rjcR4#sxf<A99wr~`)PS`
z*h7CB=zP8eRJ-#jRd5zLShM(Mk7IB@cUqT$8MmWx8%U_h#`9ue1)Fg;G$9<2s+1&X
zcMIHHQ&GW$WGaag*6h@Btv-xH<pv_#LAb2=n7a6dm~p2%WT_TeXEstSO-1x$N2U@j
zs`ms^Ynh4uVESs~I}`lTT+Kd34Cz42ib;P2W-)d~zh;#qFBtHVYQrJ}{v!Km$j=?u
zao!H0Az@)Ui3ikcDhJf5(&X6o*P#7VEOKSQ5rb@u?jyX{pN8R|PYw9@*QK)C+pBzz
zJ;fJcPMX%w>FM9)=8nw5CfqH^HyXw~E7Ja$SflBV_wml{yU;WOm+l->)O%kcl*)g0
z0g^cio&+hYe8j)yOZ+C7#hN%^NR95iXx}vtZM{{(-gG*Ier8Ydrv4LC^HLA+<^CFd
zCyq<(Yuk+wH7_N|GG!duNBDC8012SvW;C$8Y>#FZ)lF^QptTCikYw>s?zr{qS4iZ2
zr4*YRo<gIk&e)l<MI2*rIx*LcBKdz=(;dDp;B*GM)U`a!+ew;38_Ol7l~U(*iMgup
z!HiqXX*Jzp+G{8#WQg(sZJb9ssfR0W=iC>z+G|ITHihK*GhFB6s3BtAemjpEq3aB{
z2oZ0m3eAHSbjXd|5HD>{cV%(Hk!ACocngbq38&*;VK$98k4e>XRf@CiJivbx&rgFt
zJ-o(|qsJUyn|Cc=8={G(Iax<;H~@q?Znri(g-=lHimUS7KFXuQWdhb8fK)b~D!oVC
zW2p65I%;_kT1<}1-*0=Lvb@ZhPb{r0#hymu#*L1iZb}2GEpksYQ!rTOc*+yB@)cF8
zuU0240G>0>-kRdTjSc-3b`gJ#Ol@v@RIU@OkWHWxHjCZgRV%Qw+&4%9Oy#)H2IJ1P
zWQ1B%dt8%Y=%GN0Gh+%YHn$H|Ho=^{aVd8<&~o&e%GQ@Ai9&!8ul=np*nYaMJW|ap
zf+f1Lh2O|ixZO5Ifg{O#s&I{a`%NBvyi5p(n9CZEbw?BE6`Iw?a%g|=?Sk0&QA1{L
z9G?;8=%8oyoLnGOpE6!iuBX@8SlQiwBO>wR0}My+ee?S(B<gN;Cy6|3TJ5)+7`sLg
zeEzAKo=BCpMam`N>+PgUDB-0Pim3;UYO#faHPoh~zPoVerFC^N9bInCDl9z}-XY&i
z4)G59?cKUpZnqI?>w|y5-hmPbJS(aeBP@!EqcOF|Wjm398cPIGlX*>vCgO|)h_TR-
zOy%Rn6Gp0_T`qggG+-F``OuAa?LN~{)Z+$txqe+#LS%VMMrnw0Bzh{l9B^yX1~c1G
zV{YnFPyyy#C|$(x0<Y!Ga6G2D;4Myc*rYj8OR$u^gL1jjwQ_$kXKeIUU3MNPPBj+X
zNyIG+RB<j$csgEoMyP>Q8xqH#qM60OXg1_Ch73$)ZEG6d!HgtxFEIZAWg^S|mHz+)
z{{US=+-<>DqE%vfdOQcb{Z$LE&5rN>TDE5xPvSpSbYt@}M{19%o%9Wy*w@83>F^)G
zwVl=UmmT{X?WcdRn*A~!<ob;x)_<27<``01jp%AQ1{3JLdFc=5Oh&wZs@zCf;s$oz
za1Ozs{@TKx!ddO07qF?OtSz9VY^xQC8@PgbYhJWB`n+TDqYwB&uO_I55pi>B^$dJn
zIr~5!)vcM0v_i3qb!@cwqP;QG{9PqSX7TJa78`o&4~~B_DBUw&oXhaMgXyk+-Twfs
zKki3Q?7!Im0K^~v0HV61{{YclSjpE1nFhL|_O9Jtf#w}*f{VwWXsNlby#N{v{-KYg
zQ?}9fTf{z^(1Z0RLTQr-am|p}`zt2(#*<0vflASyqaUtx{EH7W%VYOnPp5@E3a|{O
z;P4|+UL1dbXt2qV0lX5leZcALse5aKf|cJDC$+h?FEmj}0S=*v0P9##_3oh%w5pS@
ze}%q^b`HOZBxWgtLiVsHRrb_)S%28CG|d;lgsUt>#2i?GsMomC`A}vi7t5q;BB%<k
zhg%NSG}=uZiXJx(y`bKTuTa*KrW}@>OgNPSF|vP{RRQq@0IAS}=%u<+lG9sD8r7OO
zrWSPso_zhZy7c6Pmc@{vZYp&Kjo*D59>i_m$><^FtdA%<9r{;!Q!VxIkE)OI*)X%S
zrv1kEO@4~2NDaWyo*?LJFLHejiLJ7j$zS_?W4u*@6~#6`bk$3i#8qtoI$EzGwkr<B
zshoeW@+KiZ!YVuvj@G}hReFKEQ7^>f=oNJ12<*A~C|Umi;P)0M*<C2+WpN^P$Uz0S
zF*+U{wWE*@?+~+XTaL?<N_59p%#O$11k;&D^U3|npUvnu@h{aq%whZAP@y0H03DIu
zwxab;IODm#$`fhRvONHMO>Vv?KjuZV1>}FkAM#CQ;oIhqaB9=d)=Y3Xh-)(v{{S%E
z$bP!YpX)cb`vV~SjAiYdeHW(%$;dsaZ}_QI(J^~G(td+X#r(NXX}8-``Io7u{{WY&
z1)gowGl=`eR{pVGXJNO$UY8_q>GGlb^2hAGB`->aqn1^=6a=UoG!=EatS7{aQQCi6
z;A8C^+|hBd)@fBPd|c|N0}IogF@M)WJO0Yiycr}dGQKpX7u2sl>aOrj?{4aAtc!IS
z2XfN*xXqIxjYtFn#GdMD;z8<gZgqX)gr`e(X;z>^m_0&VDZI$_Q~bo_!}iyu{{TzX
zF+-uaJP+PO*lWkrI62c`&E`gKr{8}=!G%TXIa-xlK+jQu@l?j*$ABZBc%@2sK^h))
z>Bz$C7=Vp?J|t?w>KKz@qpNyRfY8*|+#aPh#CxRmFu-Buo8L&-{{ZDRPN9#Lg&=60
zoOU_`uG86A=-d4xpAThjbnc>=5&V{JtVY#y_lIHcqRJegOh{+Qzsyj;TTy?d98D9g
z+rxfMQJaKu$%*wt{I~lJ3RT*JzSS-qK}vEl9AR!jxNZitx=tcWk1O9(Vd|{W;RkQB
zwR(Hy#f+-4$8I{cj<pwf)M$KRL*G;KP<9#*%;x_9mlyv4a;N6AKgy5)0Jtk3cQV5K
zls)y|B^PO-46MF!C#l6)WMqH;0G7YTD9<o4KT=|O5<@sQNff7{ms-VucnSE4HNX0v
zNgE0f=oj+|1UBwfhJ$J->=obpcHY{PlXXSe4WO@A`ep@Aj+@rzMt9e;_WLWz$?lr=
z9U$Z{O~wd{Q_B`4)PCvv7jm{2x%M7xJa#uLuW=%(a51|Z_>E5duYrGkwcE13753K*
zzGq1bg900-<-cPZzsoNtaqFd<K4@}0nW8&(h75q3zx4tBTYC*RASlh$V9S+BX<#52
zi5COeQgX9z?jPYa=gy(~uly#ea+Lko{u54mAV;6-2`l9prA?*Arq;cwbWyo(br!Yj
zZ>kYI0ID!#*Ht_@)(d~n5-_`P?5>JhX%W!L*WWBK;V`!oM4W<!ZQ1qGUpk+d06sfy
zK8ij((&xxwf+B5g@Ap&=(^Bg7<Z7*53re4z9-LcWWj2`5<0s7K*edFgp59t>HF@U5
z>1n=G=H#&Or$6i!ftQ;mRGw}`n*G%KsynIHuHA{Xk{aqgR$PCwV_yUx4>t7HZOJxK
zc02`M6d4RsHv+=ujRq+hA$JlHl!NNMXuMaq)Q2(U!$Nv=bNuW^MF9=%+n}bhAeHiD
z5P(QGJgDm!T)c2OZqwC9i)!RfTeJcFl{U8($aP%Itc-c11WZ7>+yUveXwL|?IwF>3
zU_y;a7NfoZ${>HsbX#pJ_l~#qQ!O?o411(;7`3i-bM~5tX5*Ofq!u?#VJDxEcAF3*
zQ^@w8*-THBiGv;8mL%jkpFpf!&(t!>bi+-H{%i5|Eo8eqkLF6oM?6`L>Z`Wj%LKdf
zH8X!vO&}|Tn-~1o_q{@}-g#s`bMBC_w)Qu<rUi76x#@r5)Oc1yTUA!NA{@RV-hXH!
zyUkP1sdLO%5T}h$vJ-HqEkoPbNT~6S!$3)T<z4QH@h~3KRNhAwqxAbrpN^l56YAE8
z2{g0tu%L-jIDmFO^~p9BocQ2-jp{Y4)lTeyJ{9`u0IYNxl57X2rbdvN7B)H>f{J-o
zzI+kHkz;=V3n;r9&YCTtGJ3@-U0X~SeWzZd9VZ!t{&NH6?QMkijVY{)iSW-G3)2|s
zvN%)WfRpJafs%jJ;gQ)*IkN6%)K&H=lkVoVw(eBW@v8MQJm^pSx-MC`%fG;sZJ_64
z5-v6#K8n+E#ccgd_Nz9k>SY}@Ac5Ozym(nTYF2*`2A3s`w5R&8xgWV#=?BCC8Zv!V
z%=e#%l1F7fZk@badJ~NihZ+FdGP2wb8XD7+Oz8VOw)*KNH-Pin-%+Qgu*!jl-bNp7
zVw|~rWY>DJ32;YaX!#4?57Al8{@*AcyDFb;X=4xdGY-`Tvz%Eo2jW9oQ|0tI@9|=J
zoFjkz{{XVO9cG*NSL&(E9t8dIQ4jN^9jL!;X@7}3A2exTYto|q)AgE9t80#@v4u6$
z+TAHTgAb(AolS#ddc`I3^&2&~K%{&l>aR69yJR0tdI-G6#YSyZptrKT^#1_k`sk*w
zxLZI`ov|n<ir1pvK2xU2_>=Zmn_UrnHx@+WTk6;7_)qYa`Wm(3V{Hk`8+z0&@hKEu
znf#1}?3uorA5qh(W502$^wa+7dnCWKS3mB*)cQ1U`#1jpFQX%2{{Z;6afAWe0e}Ah
zCH_F1-xM!wsaAb(=kMM7Du?+okNJ!BRn3khgS3(K)Z67=;a`P?b8upoe0Y!u*~N<i
zL&U~xZm_uSLo{vg4hKutjH!O5ia3jEDRZyt85{9^OI;5~*yXOKcUeu{Mnl}S-5G6|
z-?(U<R^LA4^8&l0f%A`UNN7*mH-GXo0oA=H>!}S;Qp~{I8=mfU+ec;Uq#%<jj&;IN
zcmr<QfP;{=XmscXL^&yKLfjtvQfwfm4s7^xiDEyzyqI^_s7WyTwju03^8Ms$@$uha
zrZIA+#FR}7S%(qHhheF`XDd;s2BiHw#(b$Y7tzN$&YCi_yh;h!0S(<=kAD+08>qve
zvyXib6+OO+R$NmaL$^0u1KVoNS*Hxq!&n!?>Pa+zC!TyKNapN3uS3X5F{bjS8<gsg
z+AA;}x-ht{EIg!|FO<nUqW=I6L&h`vDxG5}l*2^JD<D&HNEWYE5`{%u4F_d;?u(7)
zWH^09S^_(3(1-`b-rDEgYJXtTyvyxV_eZk3WPb?u3a^p)+uKv*f6Q;9vh^sPvHT<0
zD}Yagdj(g?KjuHtUF4thALygh3@_E>2r*O(26o}-6@^>Bs-gUxM%-G`kz?K~4A-Ii
zZ}l%zlY8dDzY6u;J0eK>ehMI8%uu&C(!7iFuVsUU{*w^2tz<=IOMeRkZrY#SM~a?h
zY-;-sf2!rP>8Q3}Y<|N<y-me%Nzx5IV0-&dX4{XhuXpAuZYpm|MnK=)R<%Xzw*f!{
zok>%r!4@^*`i>dK$#ov>?!JRw;OZ+EtYCb~244%Iu|I(Et#)q@xi(UH{2rY?bfpu+
z68``)UO;vZ`qIqm7=OJgACl?n41?ZoJ5OsKZ9~n^TzG~S4~0gLAmi%qtgA-AsUqi&
zy4ONZ*|waB(+g6BO_9GK-cBW)ok^j2bF!8S6ajs8HKmUbj|xCF2XzZ$82mbtG#&L`
zUx1*tCL%&(kY9X}mU4c|By0Yx-#{5|eN^liGdO{dfFyfZH-8(R!Av;7>BG&LhV#to
z$IvS@-;;Xc3vuA9)=DljODuCQfn&Xi9B<u5mGLmgn=^$c?>D@C6_1zthE}@bua-GG
zYTnApl6IBL&RLxO=GLigx2_0xOG8^X^#qa<n1jnt^A4<i9hH>QG>%?JGCAVRZfc$r
zz}FS6RZ`G~+kY>5f?Hv5JRsZGR3W(=Q_6$-INhr=-1}&515qJ0xQkY_NU!>J$oQDw
z`_+}@CuMBnDE|Qbc0tH*`srUq+;!FVFxf4_hD9;G2)5xvB`={A#0zh#pawiHN1~a<
zi83-{i0Y*Ht=UgyppGTkq1;zaz-?5zlHOq%9xiHqRDbV9UENAOHC1D;qMpd<aYX=P
z#h8()@2TlH@upFA8mgUrH7e=oQ>#lQGmiYZ2;@Na3Y-W-<cDu|A-wuW3KWF2(m2!>
zC+ViI^4&e0X!Gbj6_(?L3tM2<X0v7exfYox$dU3u{F{-uo<f9fR4VDaOL}SP$C1<0
zE^GkxoqtU)j-%!mm_S(ig+0HIZ3A_-;zuqwzhXiKD>%MJ75*F1+WTie@|WobgFo}}
zfAs3<sxh{VjFI5X?Ao+*rd~JhAF7v|`FVYt7xq&P{_7O>q57)#z8&gL!i~lLMLL<e
zU)`?hNAn^*szpyw8m^yo)jD^*4Y`slkN*J3^nYvq$NnSE2HBKrt^SH(&gH_Bw@+xG
z$z_q(wLz;BYzPlH-rmDgQE%$I3`M464%GUMBQUg?i`=K_r!Q>O{7Pv&leTQ1#TfeQ
zT5ITYU*g2GHHmweRU^2_ZuB2r6EFE7_lgqkT$?hLZ!BngFIwN?$=RPY!{TKucwSA5
zHGkiSEopqI8Q>t)LP&*x(30O>MBoTdqMAq>)YpZkd<d;zy9T`L2O~i}Zeu$Rn-zwI
zYY!*go748xQ{?-Fz9?M`sy2h*?5+4s`V2pW{Y_XSg>B;r4?`f24ao#{UbZr}f%=`s
zMmzUZ^y6tVhiOyvQ2K=Mm~oiMw*XvUQGcZi3pOQ|Vyf;OF5Rk5qOsqrw%w9aY5Qv`
z?k4a(yY|;o{$&3E<VoxtE31#}-;+HbyH04pt5j6iqIsp)TGQzehQyJ`_oQuo6_~ZP
z(#GDFjoZDxlT&R2iIS0%xrYMB>#i%>DU5OXK=$1GO%q@`Q0!8!49T%$eMg16MSm*D
z@f$ef!1Are##>*7Dbyheh|GJf?WbE#3AJM;cr`bnjul{Pi7$GvG&|Jp1Dya~pqj4Z
z$W&^0nqXS~vr;e5*-$NQDsMm%RU3#EXl2NN-yUa=y7wN#RJ}+v0izFI&yPuwCSK9u
zYS731L4zp^AuzXNjXk2g_38;yHGkHn(yxHkn&Nvn<&HtRHw-&Ly+h+eA-gS`;$08X
zUOFwvcS7wOeiLeX9<|iqux44*a$#fb6%TKdE6<ue44B4C7ItEyz@1H~6D*NHVj}3y
zq#r@0vHt*3;=Pw4S_bVpue4Kn84*j0W`;#@ggw;Xfu-(PV~V_>c`_@wDt~S~u)j?s
z5b@1%_jIjyf(gK8TM{q1bfsUX%7vO154c!{(EDjt6?{R@myj2|qW$l(j194r_Llmn
zGH+ikWI}~oQg~Y3v~rfl2K~OOhl?7o^{?_^&$%CSgZ}^xN}J<1?|<`D3)ukphyGf$
zLhv_fYoBcoRopA_w`LrV`+uB0%lm0a_3Ki%;%}f+ORrK>*eOhXdZdT(J#B3tW1hOM
z<)wvW&28W^9S^dW>G3RC`3Srf4ZRhhN9M`hN#cuj44d&Odd{z2#*Jy*&*~t2!XNo-
z_R`iBr9L;EFlOMWqTRH%Q~_ZVgSC{{uXSjwu!(8vEJl^5(Kuue!+-m0JBYZgE{pF@
zKM11Q2^p#G3Y*jvlrD-$?xF4=*{%<LP=;ZiTzN#Ww%1;Ly~e#R7IYm-9gX0fM~Qno
z$8~uyXt7HqPO?PBU3COh+Okq`JDJnwh1f8&Ez0&Vq*SofXb(E{n3=G3Tyu{<f_qro
z>srdm!E8tJq#6%#xqmRFTSgwB)SEpXDdEIIj;dwx8>uI{w3YJ@2~+q_?XNzqEO?$`
zOC{_!t@IUqX3Cd)8Qn;7wgg(ju(f7fuc4}XBY$>x`LX{139ARr_~Z5(#DAJaE%Q&O
z4j;0ZOm3u96D$7!!%^YY4AkG9@kQ)49%gSd7t>jWE~30-Z-4k`MY6_*R`#tg4!|3(
zV`t^#E2~CMF=;%o2;MEg6VAN4<*O)WM^JbhTzhMFNwT((Wnf#vHC}p9;^}#CBB%j^
z_loM-wX0Z(gB#MW*>Gd5k<7}7ZdieDNw0Go&Zw)pD<}Y1o?2Iomj)=#M8wz&*p4dW
zfc4ROW_<EGV}G-qbXMYh6mKuMlUxID+S+_iW#-TE#qBlTY~LJTO=Af1zBB&-4M>kO
z{LlQg%iy`Ab7#$$<BGURFF7Nue=9fq&#U%Vd0C(4{{X}Nl)O5ilV@|E@e;VSfLuCP
zo@dS8>E?m7+fXVG&K*4PKe{RXzNjSHOvz+j%EHIGsDEda-&MKOQCKULl93{b2nF_V
z94}06$Qt>_*ebr<aumqEY%!#+6aa63S*4)HicD$M)D}`mZe!O)V>J023vNC7aHinK
zgAHDMi2w&y2i?=_t&@e+&8c9zUL4Y3d2T$t_whFy9%7xhPwA){MhZaDn^!)8S$UtR
zWNW4xm499yX&V0kb!#Nd(m8h~M?6cLnre;Z;zP+SBV#M|1hQQ*6U$$XwQpxC$#;1e
zyo_DX62|6)i!02k8*cWsz`d%?6w4zon7$KjMQEy)ggXs%xTBXfmPHH%WQ+FPP%;1+
z5-89HAP&lFqAQM|LlAEpaP?BzkzX!jdlKf4%zyg_06RhAE4GpDl0KS^l8yu#>$u{+
z%3>#R9`Mt&R)9C?p_ar4<NfN+G7E4w?6qn_x9F-5HoyE-t;4v{o~%u5;S2N`M|=Hs
zlwz^Ct!xqh0A`eTy-nU1bX8V;1bn4je0B;h;PUUHO@OKwc?6TF14~ta{{Tyge*XZj
zoqx+7;Pm~KcC%hF#Ll%(%6I~JBa1H`V^D*-md_pq{qyvi(42p*gV9KJ59LOCTK@n|
z3E*6PN3*|>o{{xXFgyu7oq~^@{FL>5RJ?u;ohy88YR7Efb3s^9q-8<H&8dvrOPLlj
z`?1)5+Mb@FcjPy_8k>4*y**6X24>>dK7ZPaIlKPF__JN5<4NXQs2%epTr8!JcPa)F
zw~d%_QU|iFkltoQ&&XX@&@`fBuGo|fF06ja(PFS<^JyXf0F{yGQS1VTkgR3KAQA*(
z<Z`_g^@elb_6p_~@{jzn{{WhsaHSJkt63+YPOV~Qu(jY%pwO>raNF?z0P@kgkbk+G
z{{Zd5_BAf1;|0I*!kTlkr;`*${C{#MIfF9T-$PWw)5#;^Bk7{&kX=U&D0sRoL~?#U
zy60c(JC$Q`{{V>e!)uNgDtLNpfeq8-1MWW#&2K}Q;#U`8&z)8*m_%6-8<OM{+6lg$
z)To?jM)O|Wj<Np$QI6f9kD`{(2Y=6#zB+?E?qM<GI~cf=;Rj1|sGT!%B;HXXy6qsf
z{;Jlgrn?;Wa+*SU8smfL`s%KCW?uSvTAy7Od>n%o!!X)N7FE~VM2n>2uCi{Gx$ZiB
z6?RGS;Q_YYaU4@J#F2$6&IgIFuYF!wR#e*(yOY?Y*2+VR8Sq4_Zonv>VSgUzwLdO|
zy0#^cK1a$&3gXCFR>Yes-`7iymzyAACzlex8=c0r3$fyADJL0AQO7oCCq#sQGa-+1
z3sWhBhZ+R@$rNx_b8ldynyF<2Q)+%pJZs2>j~+kez>0fqbM)1WvJq?8b`2;GmyDkD
ztL>%Vt70z#SoaE0*kKOb_J7w_clDTm%YUM}j~B>1moWiWwO&|dfbEqE6T<aCMOg*7
z1L&=|KP#ih%kuB-*09+452Cj-JRLb>9Cj-G6s^O!f6zx9enNT$9x<-8igdiBAD1xt
zMO-gbgNlg&?ADV@gGHwJp{8b6A-EnCzgn=t9pqH6QI7j(jgb3jJ%3{&DRATR*f8Cw
z=faAo<b`IuUQB>ZSYNh=8mt^v#z~g|dTPK9RZZ(%<^f6=<rl8K56u<cXzZdGr3Afo
z=zeMBDtEc%L=3&_u4=!Sdj(F`=F|=!BGuJhgPA6{r~uNGKNeUUYg6V9TGh-E?Z0&i
zcnT9tEmpPSNhI<fx_^MA6SS4T8);SotwfUsh9_FdffhMbN{TE9(XCpz-D3`WF8=^6
zkKJu6%~udAT~jGpquB;mU2MvIVusj}oB3qNenVCE8uM8BnONiU<Tf0RqO@V__R}Ii
z?<ef2bY-jh4>U5yK`FQ?xMbJpszlM0E4#&e+npK?rH7GkE`L#fgy?9JLkzz9f_X5|
z`)VC|mal+N+vlzg#@bg8UZUsmH`h%jJdnQln}6YcHvQ@bEK<jqUPUSxlYS#wyIN}d
z8CI=WJ-<3m{{Y)dKtI*Y=bUuN{(D&KZ?=M?ZbXCrU1p#1G=J0@t=*4cU#f%D5FBw~
zV9Ye85lE5CbAPwhL+T_L;{%(0LWKS38upnxY)AvXv^qGnlJ}^kLS2dFPW0inSMOTZ
z&jchc!(t;Yq`3uXT|zKSB&i-Pq*G--Em)7gr?!sKsd0bvI3GnGP$-iD!AE2tbk_zn
z_fy3`Haw69{vwf?B!$dncMvW}t4>lS;37!K!O)du)PE6MQT0f3aas(!EXppA$dO)q
z%>#%ch_0k@rE1QjOxP1hV2ubH9D%1AEDta;DliHh@fX&Yi(Gg=d1;t<%lqcCwj|LU
zv(ECYZb4GOHk#V?=zN}@zVQS5=l0eHFa~ffrOoN4f*b09pG9SO(@w>t*yQJ>3;36J
zD>?nOm483Tli=a|-`hl%IKcN5dZ`yt=98tZ!qn*;*frROSPY4^t>PNrm1zxyY$eco
z4P(r=D5?d?&=a@muK9TYx0N70)+5>tbkpOhh5ka>!P_=S!7c&Na;*-Pf&{BP(kgBD
zKw)}I8Z|Pp<6~;wjwDqU0@m!T_iq?4Zj+Jt#(zIK_5J!f{GeO;_dT2IG)BFGq9q=5
zz=3ZLo~q~8bv1)zO@IKr!v6rhUGq2^+I9Xa%-Fqy*;BDT5$vhQQTT-FCkdiyvE*Mp
zM*w}{Si>hMNwHN}fE%-oJDdW+;Q)Asv<TFBhxY|-Nb%>~i%M}K<%oe~BgN)lZ!6!0
z7k|&3{lVzHRIlVO{;2xtvZJ!8wa7|;11<7rihs&g^A3Xi1t~LR&V1R}y|{cM)lJSn
z)sg=IjumWp?~N(vSLBjTISEzSwLHxI`f5F6QBVpuWioKXDP$!`u+xPN@Mm4ODt8-I
zD_5B=wp<G1BAlpg@r%*25DbY=Al2Bog?}<4a@vOi!-W?lg_2@;ZlZZ)m~)&H(Z~JE
z{{W`nWlX3WB48A=Z#)I`rf^64#5T8qzRD&tk2@gSUDXcSzJ;pgE~aZ@IRuE0ZS88L
zSY~CFh15p39rd*eA1_<$el<mpWK#F7FSz0K8lv*AQyKA^Fd5szdj_?jss~9+dw-;Y
z53Y@lsAgT@FtO0p^9TAyAXr>jdgxd3Niw%K)okNKFKz2f5B~thO23Ke1=qXNPvRf+
z4yTDOXuHR%6&AgPfd2qXiR=35%$wake^n*9epeg~O5WglX~~b6Q);ms><=+oUHpAa
zsridb{_-Av8bdr@2>m1Lr=;_|)PIp;Vi7EFr6(jgxlqO<j4JUC$B6V(O-7=JBbn#&
zQ_v}S{1`DO#7k2W<7H$ZS9FXEUcjCe&C}XVzHH=#_drkuWlU;oY{U!X-W(K!d-ENB
zvqZ()4m^_Z3M{^_?W4XF4&q52*_TDu*7i{s9swVfV#&-CdWBwmT(e7Ecz>jfg<k_)
z+V%(6tuqrw#kO!%w!Ng&%ZrRJXvU`It|N_jC?0`U%*>}F$dnC9Ccty40!I-9jn32x
z+FM)SoofpY71uO3Dj-QT<q2d%kvq9q_J)hgyAj6szLiM&Y@#@o<W(^02n6w`nAq!7
zX=7h`fb@}0Uyq8=Bi-f134g$a&E%1s_gGbi794ADEU+Azja2m<IM0e?^j`ECde#pn
zFZ-%#D!vG(er#=H$4_z;Ui)1AHE%J-fY^5cD=E6{1Kf$*(_ui9uH=7*3Xk3-)p#;|
zk+pU_Ni`O)I^AQbKL%LGaQ(D4%FUDC$aCB@r}p}w^IQ`>41`^7K!4YrRk9&pdPN?w
zUUO#cS(&feO?Q(YWj_VXUT=}QbMRA)%6%HpTdZOOrsnhy+gScu4nn(P_EYgf@@AX$
zq5d2s_p!Au{aY=)-KaZ-{<=?K<)uZKchTa7<ikE@Tl><tt4b3yH@?NaB$}?_T}&kJ
z2<2Q2^Z=hlLwD241%JV&ArBW}<6Tbe9iM)>fC-<IB&dks2~^#`_)=DL#l4m2y37jr
zZ0e)TOKom^cvcU~<=fl?o~E<fvUSD_+)-@gtN{6pmn0pdUh`gqsc4A3;8rFQGfahs
zuIcsG*Hvv-(rT^pM6DYpGA*rNTFQwe3K&Sj`u5XHJnLXcdw=pe8kbH?rG98-mMJum
zLG;#7Tf~YeqA_S)h}-I|Q0n7r0<3u-va<TR6p{tpNVz)ENmfC4b!^LASr0F5F%M2@
zP>|tBqEomd@`>*?v4j|A@w*|^skK2Q)u;Y@p4K%=V?<h{3bjQk93nugfmIc7Dp{pb
zA!@;EmaS6RX@3v}Ng7nwTI3GWDM?TsL@KAVY5J)};44QfL}U0(Wd|H6+RAKO__9H7
zQ+gKa>zcC=yM;*Ypz3Pr9EY8S02hxA6>8;y?W><<SU^NlIb(F-G^HR`!;d;*9PGF~
z$q8SDwG<bLk#~{^{j@vLs2dS=^%`VGSMesJ*-ycriGPqkDo{^h(ET;$Z&YtDi69=)
zNzry1vq!CTMmHm0h-hhP5=F>Dl4~F-b{?^M^YG{9!fg|mUdG{04y!w;6CeaIV9I%l
zm$uPL>6)O;8<u!?1H_@+J%)juK0BmfT}ro!SP@}r==#nv(Uh;#ObpyPMT>)eOe#Df
z%n!;`NPm+e6fBGwTa`{D1(^4(HgT||)CKgZx7AcVIxF5cWj>qzbikC198leiKDxWa
z-ev9g&(&QVSrJF&D=V)ZMUNZNO!Age@pB}VH{(*~a5VyXi~gl8!&**ABzfdzLcm(~
z^j56W#PXpauOb*)y2w=QAYZbYyGdXj6}a&*+J89qox;}~4wX!pBl6Ms5nwG_vg1cI
zCNrTwdzhfb(i<(-9o_{XyLMWu?<kjuC+#(jK}ME_0ocRpqejuANUYXk#Mhu)C?Sbs
zL>5ubyU9*F2eP@|@_Y?d8HI|-CK}(~)}3vtrHK^rL<2-$WiK!Ud#miE?5xU44B1(A
z@qbcoN0@cxPt6%T0*_TCBrH!GdH}5}0&*#qsOkfIx75%AsPK%Fx3cx1kvQx=kSVB;
zkGT=_t!S^}pv~4?z>W-P?y<%0gLiYF0=EE*;$LX0p?(`8{u(l?pYY=T8piL*&V|<;
z3V|QSJ+vr*6HIO_NU^^g3TMlI^5Xs)k$)S1l^3woV>v2cB9=mZ;ir9D!P-5waT|Y^
zAF`xE-{r^brH*5l$WtyKHWH{oU_k=>X<)uwq`saJ%SzSxV|&^$>NG`&@M{s>Ra^L|
z)Rv{mf}}Jc4kAn2y7bv}144b3tK=d3quEd~qUL~)MGtW?B+=$FQrTO9x|{1$j(<PX
zN%YsMY&>ZYt41~MwPj@BrXKGN<2=B>wyW+dDC|1>WtnK8#7XTHY=AdMZ8+1Z8DVsZ
ztb0HdL60fZU>=iK#z}5WxYfMWHsIsgLY_C3rV0rmuk5Xvapnd!ETeO2U`?zqLm06k
zVJxJVH)5a)rEC!L#c)mXm-ia43x5Tcf8M51dVV|kgWt8T&C0m-E}b9VjZb!_mb?c!
zkXWqlmfCc_fEp-+Af$>TBXF?XK%mL`gAIQ3H}0?PrQh`wUv?*NNdk`s=NgBUMsyvI
z3Uy$_qL3}bnk1NsEG8)>(Awojx_WCNzfd{%VFS`=P1f^YMF^gOdTVW<wSWAayqe>s
z;IAF>TeYqAQBoXu#?*~K@7L?EK6CS*-k6Wwu%Wb*Kff!ttkrlvET1k%r{0OfVtOnn
zZ<h*>6v_vrSD7jg8=p?K+f;HC{@+n~bT@K3o+8BiWenR$0BflfD7vN;aUz!_s)1mq
zjjI^4im7o=!3UEzo33Mzc7Hc-V5)yzPx2bxky#t7uSbPL$(qNmFD!C@yeMt@hC!m^
zf$24wdg5sDT!L8f{X>>`MuXaFhp%-5!(jgHBvnr;sY`IypNixXHr->XH~64>6i}Nx
zI!}6c^&5RuxzeL`sDT%0W^Z~&Z%Z1X7vpp3H>(C(;s+{VR9JGU4u7YCzjZ;Tx@v;5
zk}hxdP!cQVFKt@)p|p2md(BsA91S=^mKwT-8OI%JM1!7`pmKvL($#7X;mV{*Ko=y{
zH)~v8^;^&di&aUesGtry*IL{Ssx_|Gn2uq7CbSn&r?^&ey{m5#6|v)DE=r0REk%F*
zb<}O2{{S}C)P`y2K!0JxkVfRfZKG;$epR0-v`kOJYe%Rwjf%m53N34TYcnfMckQqh
zhSbJ+nr>_8Q>P{Jao6#K>=&oHt9XZ?np>r<^CSE!&Gb>aq5RK4t$#W*{Hy|dt7;&z
zDo%to17m~}2RytK&d^2gt?xywmZPTKuRbbZv1YN~z>6<+BY)M2Gh>6P0+~qV4Z7ft
zdeXg5{nTJ`Q%bEnD08UYEm~X2HKw3R(w@T88vc`6_S%-c?OHh6VUzez)ms>eV|2rn
zi7er)!sSPzvqgGdjxB)4xs7Mxbm%f-aN0i7%EOTr6}D|W8LjIIvBep7uC+6nhWKRz
zHsIpm&=u`f*ng9h8XyO-)srIMc8D^q_i9}7DKKiS@SkO0Yjz)DrWY`LHFeGWH7<D+
ztS7^co{?9LZt2;$R<=BekrCXW+d>Ge=uin%4gt-*Rhqo{D2G#ZUyIc+x!OY^{5JNQ
z#uc-jtPDFy6o|#%JP5|sdoC;LXZwoH`ypX^A|?3~Mt@8fb}9i<1<m^^@WVB%0-JCo
z+O57uDJ~#{e}vV9e}MaGp^cJwMjOz;(3y%cM^;x}Dn_EC%EpmiWmN~leYAMc3>nYj
z)99)R7r)s@PZk7(aCflvkwR~XSt!E+lB{vUaBGceK^gnZO=@*uv8*FOa&CPBvrDgU
zvb3wglYc~r)1I|ph&Ta5z4!uZY{%~VO#*<ouBpa^%P2<BABT-rRCwliz_?RjX-;5p
zO|Mlp2c7$?tuJ8q(Xk<wq;PcbUrJz6Ws!APBiBYwp_HF`{+d-*LNri4CafcK#DPc$
zm#ogbMd+*6+wUzUkBHMbKyE<2=n|0>jT@a**niT5$1K-wtpuyJ)Q?48Jp3=bbnhH1
z3`h^U38wmPAI?rhhs#8>YA=53PN^)7S<VgYMT0DZ9^)V0a1E<_96<^Q<3gZ!eRZ1*
zvPOX;l~q(&0T{Ir^JR^9G};RfaC5FZr)L}u))q})2^AJv&iS|h0I9eC08Y4NzaN?Z
z0Dt&(A8qqPo{Vx&FNL+GCEIJ-sM!up&PV?M!~WU}$j1KwpMU<J_SGs!5l=u9k*<c6
zW3L13qsU+4x&6{8H<tVX_KMXc63#^==#T1JG-%hkNk4?t#WbmJ0-sr?(<>kkaeb%u
zQh&xpl87z$B>n?TM!<d7*YFyFnUFr>`+raDs|@M6#=g`0DjJ{tN0P!s8Wn%xH6m2_
zB>n?KUZVbCjK;SEb@zW|U+1LZu|JBFr|}^yx1OH_pTKH<Vn6ca{sUF{={^MhDxaN{
zeZ>AR?4{zrhB;*X#D4^zz-mTJV~R=q2CMV(kMPs@zp|(LjKAft@qc9=EBIoT8GmwN
zJfGHvj3<Y@e{|AEsmuOa{{SEMRDV;G{H6Xc?4!f@keA4N&xf@C012u-Ml%Ahat{%-
z(r2m5{#yS47xq<KslPN(JwMq;fMiptJeZMr*h9>Z?<0aX_lm}TwVwX~eN*>G?XB5z
zo@CqM+T)I=LtalS91N)<9_(jE=6`QpJ5ba<989k)ePvV|UE6MOio3fPEydm4-Jxi4
z3KW+q?(Wdy?(SaPin|nt;O_LxbKdhOnativ)|xfRZI>`n=5VmY9%PK}S23@A#%pK@
zS{{hZFPx+*6UOLeC(CpyW8iZ{Y^^^AS8Y@CneD}TKm4+5VPhog?>=sEp4U=(iqp-9
zmcaHy)d?dbZDcwb3P;7@h;smIF3)_rDi|HbY@Hogn-R-|lm5aAohX!y$d(SL0%UeI
zRuAtjRj+W>H19TQd?38hY0e#i*j*i_b1hxu((utepZG%;ivB?!@ug&Cnc9hoLP|GF
z&uUOaDAj;-ibw>A{oH=lpy6}ao{goAj5WlfYqXnA5dA974bq|EXDxi1657AleC>B_
z&6~$oOa~KBNldkl@Tnpik43o?0hGv;3Y)E%-nh#i^XqH+6f~?U_<8H|Cf(s55cPi@
zdslYn)Hl2}<;}Y3`B8=U7V0`v+-C+dp0iNL4fwa0<ytZ#!dFUZ|M=J#3*X_2MpdIK
z#fJ$krqN22hl`hwq42@`Y(XJmsKawx5;nEV4O|rBHd$j!LDO{N3fjVA1Ejvh47a!N
zn|2eKB#0O>F{5%+{R7=pl&=Brer}4%JjpwXRy=KZu-+#k0<xlKUzlWA3C#kc7&Og<
z==I0{B#1@muATvwUmM$8nVh3<6W+_>%>1mX7SIn`zTpay80*RI!MVFUWuSDjdM^08
zm<$*?cs4WX9@pf@>~uAr1EmDfTto}u3DWuR2}<R)RToO1lv|+J?L>r!dC|mdE(a2}
zoBmMCS`r_$J&NL#Ng0?Y7-Thf39a|?*?lrK9c$E3q=RUvsbd*J#K;AQmf2oX>V7OK
z5PLgA06^*+q-PAuiiP@FeR#)*4=M|?w>#>dB$vYE4(3YsPHjc9z)6&^ulp$t1X0ka
zQ}8E-Mps>HJ<y@h``A7^3o(jWGSzzI<2vI)q8ui=1_?vOS#h_%ucyQx(xlk!>J$r2
zI}9lJtS<qKEUgQHY}88Oi<?Jf*9H8#nj<s*+1wSef(#fn2QZJzbGmkovIwB>dHKt6
z3OXGAC%>|6?L-NCfN_|n5Mxp*p~BU&jDGgjrThUAW^X%rUmaJLtzYd_V<KD~$<yX0
zhz02W5|5~;LNiBIi<Nucl+hHzUu?uqOwGYO+if^GO2p_-J0<0k^<RIi9tFM)H8`>z
z*+_1DvkE1N;lh8R)p#f*e=3cd-Tj=>2IB=Y&4}qh!X9@c3=~L~<Zgq}t4?T;mkAdA
zI+!%ddM%S7P;peYGtS0GI$9YW=4#&Kp)#%yuC!Gqlm<lcs2JiZ9O~?ou_bd_JEJ#Z
z-ku_#yECI7EezA#4WuW;d2C9QnLXPu?D5udemRxp-=UbKYbmYS?`<vU2}ms&647!w
z&5s)6EP}cv0Q6qlhTGF<7x>HH)=p~qUzn=(P?+6`%EbTDlC_WqM^fmUvtgP+fb`6R
z0rbtc_3SidJ0DLHzLOmX-K;(MuWE1*lJmO@dVIUn=wkMF&FL3zhZm(6pzx=>(=0jn
z3thyhiDz*b+6a=LKBi(YhS<gbMaL|vs?ujzxYlsb2ZrTYlBX95Tga5TmOp4F4C|9=
zOAAniB<P+SLG61h^HS+qBIU38LGnD2G?qpa52Eot<;uCyzQVcRel*5H`Qg>UKEK!W
zB2ZWuQFEQUNbB;}xpUhf3b1LCt#uW`5?OOQWUD(@uM%rU*Xb~?oOkoD%?PLo^YUPA
zZy4qr0ONjvwPi=B5lHEKq^^E4L=WT_OjFy#U~)ENSer+qD%h_T#<`z=A`n4RPnrLK
zMeosEGHJY8lMr-S<niAFv)c!FQsR$IWPcC0q}FpFpXaYrlFgVR@^S7R@wgR?^-S6&
zOnFwl-h*+!<XfWB(?+T?3c<Kt&#g)G2Ls)~UJ*Wc__s@h*dfEsC42l{JlC^#TXUBx
zk9KGIcJs8i@Rni^Va?^1D&aoXei9`+g$h&*ss!+Ldo~R0xg59_t%#^`4kz-9Rf_dS
zncnCb1&?9PWi&I%rk%#azv$Svd1ssZoI7DwY%Ajj*kNFan`68#cQs4fy5w$rTLHA+
zf>bmer2<lYR1HaFB%Leci6iL2WwSryh)Md3^3?}rFgN6Hb75LZphS$gKIoOvj=L!m
zn}<tK@O-4GJEtp~*P1f7CyoitF86mssgFhQq<CQ<#B4ZdRq+h4yWG|>aJE=&3%2AS
zPN{3%Veu|H8;D#P45@ov*#iZ#Isi5NG>=~?A5OLKW}i*E<JwC~*xyP>y$EQ6R?f=f
z`D{)~a!NXEa~ZQ&$!}+QTXFNP!?aEEO%5Nodj0Fv5=@yxVnPp|kKX8@(EMXsaYT$n
z!@DJ`rTXiZIy1FxESR*{5kL3+1NAqifPRbfRcA*YF1JHqnceFDKyo@QQGgg=Wa%&|
zkXhCG^HT6hLyKY#6??OE1|kZRk&FtVgf<2PQw4GNgd*KrMhGaFaTtQdIIblsBmY42
zPStfSkS-}3*iB=nXJEXViwm`PF}VILA|6B5TtK!}Xdb$|{8mqVhNWlRq`W~EA-oH>
zF{6RA%Kf(rr&_iqcK~-Cuq39nrwkenOQKkh*cSZ2o!99ybQ+90o>#T3b4~R&bEmB=
z=bAv-G_>1a#vx1<+`7Za(?swPq_$mh#HLCcV{_||^(;kgS<)^-*rh2%K%0zaYO_Zk
zJ{{3SOs^Or#FNWK6-!qE5y>Pq(onUAW@cp3P!q*<#1-dTSPKya@aGq(^zgczX>7bt
zuojK!3Wuqp5{jU*5tFGFT4rOe{7~$0os0R;nqKTo3Il7~$r!gRmGZehdO53dIsF6u
z@&;!Cuj5OaIOL`HpJIAf|3WJrlYgYkn3Y25kPdC+52`4hc0&>5OeXrnmW%YO3gO!Z
zCUnGE?<ch*Tr9g}z>h9!20}Nd_EjDV409I~Jh$Hc@;3<azWW5*XG=fc$gJ&(>&&rF
zTm50)TXtKA6}0guL@@<a@R2UdjpPLV<H&e=EKid+T=R{cKjqZj!6DCB{5yxf!^waC
zx`YE^2QXpW5Rq~Frc6ZN`o3KNkzN|d_@^M6512pUazF&YUoj9ufn-=XYbDJ&&fNie
z@s%&h3_P`#Bwbu3XukwrV(zEwx*q?5Zo5|xE5`YG@G!AQ{vf5{C0MEduAP(gcT`93
z{PBj9YT29B7C$%Ulq^6Sby_?kDOr9gstd2qg`n1-GSxQ}G?t08I<@zyJGJRigSX_3
zQ)1hU(K`ot(OrI9T3S)~EDSAP@C%H&=j2W=3~^%)tYz3jM%DneuG0wJa_t}6vWi@<
z-`C}#!7LdrJ{h!av|QGh8us|JA9H@!Xi{pN(}!1Xpg89o!!pBv5SwkTPT_knb6i>9
z7YPjQKDt#y|Ip(S+KG_gT!Wps4iAYh*$i!47ykgz%XelDo0=8Li6udA>dK32o|Tz<
zl;SCsU0Wr%y>NF9qVGP7uS#;cuY2!rN^Z9ZC8b{Y-(v;LVNQxhKHm<|M_a&vxr?2i
zDgo%XMiS=^VmgtK2(m6~0OyGl=ZR|~<oGI~!w1T4O&)Q$4!{(U>fP7J1enSDM6EOB
z?tv}qWe0Fciw|E~?t_gMrY1H=H2QL+f2Lq2FIm#9sterJj!=T1q#8ls-v^VUA_q0j
z$Jz`=WUxrTnr1ew;@~m}PB}0t;bQBOZAmTReII?>R&F0X2!AAeJamNj4B@!4Whjvl
zrlob~_bii*J;b(1?tpp}D+GVVN;pbG8?c?}_5Zl&nJ|YCE3wW<Zdm59rgMD%3gMED
z6ig*lO+^XTX<38J@#2$;Djl>L@EMtG@`?$A9a)90N{R!xCaxZW#2tFX8WZo3N^UG6
zC;)+fprV!?T&6GAP`&<RrSIZ#gUYb@->@i85##}6mIb2at5y{018%4ChSg15;2D)G
z>b2&ADC$T{vu-z4<$VnM?c%ibDd-P8`R@Ce@f}a)*L=1?geM4`Ndo^0LLu|`$@h2g
z)%;$S%}@z@T2SJt?xrv5arm_Q#{3^BFAj2)t7$kxxx;=)@ei~-4B4p}u>)ac{kKw7
zQ6m`^NqDn;7@RXCV)-o_Ab+NPXIIcsC1bEwLEH`P8DjJ|BY$RpwUb{mjuX9-F!mL>
zHGdp*&L-0Zu8{Qa21{?z$?{gNmL2T5DUL7V*7O2to&vd`2lQV9W;1(;)M31!1Z8>d
z7v`julEpMbkjA*`Q)}DuIw^K8+FC^&{1}e=ofQ1E!~w|9-t`oyqJ5{4x&A=HFr7#B
zjyW;w$KP**04jv2Q(ywLBH#VAasrDA)AOzncu4a@QcSyS+3Ct?yV>uxAS0ppJHHgR
zZ<UqIrw=V|+J}dCyKl*}zfbAj#@jsJB|ISPBCgLOsX{mn0A<Z3aHGL=j(o4pJ>$X8
zRB=jA!rmJ3(-CM`2D_1_tfYSvtZEX6Pr-p2F*L40J;V6h?J!!f7to3M`v75)$;%~H
z_cwkV9<yWaF~MqXZ4)wy?w@7dITyQmlKTz_^h2Rh;pHIp<etcX0~lR_jw2GROd<*X
z0Yy<m`f&&PHowyyVjs&E^#1e)pP8ndx%+FizG2WOa~SCESN%&!B}d~zc()3w#Yr_2
z#BOwcOmQ&tysRp;l%-;}hmIWjGZMYm!7`Q&KV09gHax7pyw|9f$m}~)gr@?j7I~Q3
zo{xBkt|Wadan@~#aJ1)1Vr2doo2aXEV4n$IRNmQCdw<xumP%JJIzTUS7tX*a(QO0h
z{5=2{7EPA(1i<VM35drv3woiA`Ul9re4*#lQqSFUJBYMAt=#oMQd(U@w?u-T!F%CF
zW?~4Tne%&JhAOC;J|RJYvgU3oizx5UcGj&w;~>t3L&$CQBz*1^&>y%Ln++69;>oov
z*yB53je4<N^$Sp@pfGw3tB8rwY=$#Im_S(_eMYhKrFjZ_QGC|eJMBKCq+l;li%2p3
zQeTU=T}1CFadluemS^CU3~9B0?}bhL(SaJW7!#Vi*EM)Mx2D6WQ9jX`$;Ihq+l~;6
zjWK~Y0%(CEzj6Yl!T|~iib(qTg$r`U2t-xjb*b;pPl>PyF(CE3r5;o}IrcmqKzBim
zUfaB^Hvb8eozj0yc@&K>-Vp&tmCXUpW;B9er&5K|CzE_!R%lt*TZ+qO=0oX1%JDMR
zp3`><`?*2y)ZmO%JgWWvb#FV3f;?H;t!;+^3_qNoOb2cR!{&JR+RBqFx7<ZK0luY*
z%oxq@{Hv=-u^AVN0)6>kvA#kt0o;EXJds8@Lh;sFg`^{`e>-n`K$KtajN6ML98ot8
z%GliAp=P3UqQ&nrdTX_B;yIH7W(L=$-jm^5L^i@qnZIfxd~&EIiXOiu-v|0NqBt1E
z5M!Jjg8{f>Uw2B<c}MCWB@=uo;l(gp-7OVyys#uHTS9k?2G;b-({?p1z+{!9p{?%N
zz+ej&ckOPGS2It>A3L5U<AhDoO8FnmZV2t2V7imKU02&VrwHOqY6Xx!_NKL;<YOM`
z-psd33LKOhuL9B^i;IsLItLw@nB=$Q>zuR>iDHk_rNU!0mj2>Pe?vq4UR_81XABn>
z9{8Q|R>V)@`Ih}~JXa4fffpT{JbBiy#ys*z25;OPt};yq)04JD=qMJxpA&Sz(2xFM
z<uND)^{ReNz8lWy7xP^@&iU-xgMQEv>AAg2_|$60r9tP<a0X0IY~F`Xn;pMC`uM?`
zzUvfb5<KWENk%;xH%Ra^&I0u7t5ItvSJ*jk{m&muA%7l1oR!5-fN+44)N6tf?raI`
z#o_sgle_U9xsm3#3ZC}2zkY7|3(kBFz2+ap;?MC(%AbIX;e38HK8h^&8JC_dba8E+
zr)N?D6GAkl^au8$WPLZ%kU_$@@Q1p*wVS>RTZL!rCqIR_gO>A}HO;|y`_a+VJJZ+2
zw;8P<#k{R=e&5fo0KX8ObEDtCT`}Ia%JaTY#J-{qH|j_`5RwLj&8f;gg=el4_-WxR
z+*@U}Q(58<!PFW0pn7n<tujY>jy;UtPD^$2JW7?f=Ho@%QA@n_-Oa01j=oggX)5=c
zn6wJFN2E8FIR#&r86xn0l`t#xCnAo6@hB?4OvT^i4rD3A1!#s^HYnx|l&o!@*cWPW
zLY%R!PMl|Nt>MoOH?D|U+2i)BUREo!scUL&B<#YqJ}D6^aXJrItgl}eh{%q5;r6Mu
zBpk|wxsbDqu5&KNe*VnoaIfv;e96?S@T{!L>?_RrjyqhqkMm)BdMifYhA(YyyrsJ2
zp#C2Sp?3Bq6*vg$L(EP|Yvn~QPVFLN{lza0*C(h_9dpB%gN1&c8J98fIQIxNhxu?}
zg;t=+`~G~WgMpNCNoXLg_pcl~D%<a?aq0itQzAHhjk3EJ`vEYL8Q+JH8E<DgUwdLi
z!d`5J&HuMmI3QjcrS2X7RlH&kvLgwS|6mlnPJJE7=?5Id#wJJ<0my+!Zaru)<6Z2X
zQf(gs>zvEk!5JBwJd1<iVauK>ry$JD;P+LL`%v#ldx*$hvG9zV{noSjtN5>{&i}ud
zlQjYP{#W|@8Ic`A2;oDUcbBJ8$AsxUqbvUxVTSL3|8I?(Ho;jA0L-Z(NeHHGVTQo)
z)>fH1JO4bp-$&B;DR7mf(k<r;;8GZGm+tZ~?Wp{HUv=ObQGbr~(o6jZa@?E|i$mZe
z_edPjUu>;n%N~17f?TJP!)vePckCCN3a$|)xy)9tK0^YcQ#qnow=L?dJufS~jTR@y
z+4sDJN1@P?=TI5oFC=6+<$8v*3Y!g8?6Ffoji-3s&?(~?q-x-#@kk$hs4=>^xu>t4
z{Uy%Oo(Malh0=W*iD;^&G~%Ue)<it_Bbe~<iK%HY-C5&aGx`fX_R!iem!PLhrSDIx
zp^SXG7v*Tqe6u^N=<sV#RG7Ht=Bt#mov)v6dgt9bS<#|_GCNZAE@_SLr2S!Jny$I?
zvOi-mpq$3+{PEwKLP~e|v*w&_pFT8veiFsNkt;nM%1l!YYj$c*9SIec_?%z`zdOKt
zQbo{S8#}DRiy=^>f6e|TBj7Me->k%7_fGpxtqr+WJjE@k<#53{-L@Xxh)efd-0mO#
zfeeS%;~-ML!ma4*Dzi3<Os{L%yLTFJ7g1CXZ^aGWDJ)j^yZ{xIbTe*NmO15}cET(o
zM4>Ay!|Bs=MG=Xm^Bd$gxRc_;crERD|NHhmn|)T~O-y;viIok)oE32}2hz$GR3IX{
zC`lH<I%}4#J${toMull!ZK^W$jTgR)Yol;)_?5tf%E6=~1c@4P-y^zad@BS|peJu-
z;N88cS+^d4U$+}%(A}E4BTBofJ-IO&p+VWd=vk1=Kpv(FaObYS>_S{VWPrR!i#zbz
zTKHi_<Ed<Ub_+Q|cIC@TzUpEtaU7EJr@owTp!Fjz+_D_T!uD%23Kk!tNh71G{)2_-
zEue94)%a@ti?9i-KlT00_Lo*Y9&UK;yUSciGD(g65Vs~1x<#Gj?0nFK{G2#&S#yKt
z)4fU!@~+5U7JIh#bjPkc&rk9%A8y7}xe@;TTG1Nn*(~#5W3J@Jc35-%)>y;Xl*gR6
zt4~Ue#2i4ASp64KtLtm+V$-udYik4rD&X}&7~5Qa3Ikk^Ub?+2siytuLmOS<a16W{
zBQuWONpV9F@ToFdC6$?N_^5FETS7;UCzzqK_owV0OX1wZsfm^mP6()!;-<T$yxcyJ
zKslsS>23ij%(*pwy{b17AJZU^vt7{k$%TEvTomp__e7qvK`{e6Lzj^cF@JGa8Mqz7
z+_u_t$AUVSs+@=O*01{q!mRddWX8H4c3zN%@*vJwPE^5`zYX5{sr$Czw4%hmGM7)9
ze~T9F&Y764Fg$Aq`|eb>Jg;5ac<_{I4L8{x86LVa*U9^AOOlkTVrKX}srwHkO#QNZ
z1m9Sk9V(EMY__nls-r=HW5kVM1K{o@^b;f3o#q2Fzt@_t;Z9K;bcWrq6kHvox{?8Q
ze?|>Q%Rw*X*tFQPI*SyYTE0@_G%REp&T<j&%+0Q*rF>m+{HG5H9VryI%S*n+x(_Z9
zx245wM*h#AF+#G)1<Oo?5UEy6?q?<P_fcU-oy4jfhT0D@9jxh+=H&%RfMn6EIc0ZF
zzIKc2S~D<Glr@v|-O@$Lq2re_&3(c{Vs`3f=ub_JG{idkI+|2;#JYCQV>w;0kCqgE
zXMVn5>6ZYv<cSH)X!~YCHt#~Usn$&m>9rt75?+n|O2o4gssNXRbKe%?v24<xcJ-E9
zP*O59@zTjt+eWSGBuIk^Kx52EFO+#+*~qvAp_aDUItV@kBJQR6sBMLG(<qs7Rd?Ng
z>af*rE8o>M)RQ~+(gEi2nD1(D;o~&8muC+m(xtQE3116sC*o8a-#@c31#{(_bhq-J
zRbho6ef8;3?9Ub_Qy`AwZr)$f*yHK9+4<dEZs@)smlKH_`%(1~P|bF;q0UxJNgfh~
z62m`W=-1S!fKqqKBQf-`)lZ|PN5Y0SPj5a;#ozYMVbq{IYd6dmYBJA?78$^mn6J}(
zdALQQ&MgT5=!^z`K>tNHsc&=M(?NHe-ueaC-psJ=3N9zBL;M?U^Lr1gi5OF^CLH;}
zeTl%LRoE&wDEG7wAg)4FBX>}1pD5V~N0%!sT?}`;so;_q;Y0mH3a2ru@vwTAykX98
zscBLiyrII<GXOLF@sZt&`g`et-0Ws~g#(G)U1lGjm&%Z~a10}lfX{?VVWyzOcwXam
zZ+ohmLInqhe2hhOjDVB;Ac-y1j!mi5ZaP}8=-mtkOi>2|u>5!}>w(=Q;A6eq_1Q+$
zjGN77SKs+duxM5z?zm4;@Z@y3Qht9W+~;prZ4E4K*0yLU|3FxaE^Wzdw%{+@7A_xe
z=Y3OkZ2dUp4?rx2aO8WC(7yl1MNSWy?y;>}r%b{IG)Y17E&7ZV^2T`*!9O8F#Sw<n
zvXC1p;yMH9K>~19#;jgHzH08fiXtt*iS4jSJsEBVh(s3b-vDDKJNe#uFx5@i`!^zE
zCcCBA9Ka~~5JPqa7>=oYQ`zYW=5bIaDdSz{RXk1;0cnT9=a3LNdOCqAaEu2TgJGAP
z?X~7Hgy%;BC;5rh+&N`22$vdxS$WQ$j278pBMgYa-gkk>t&tBZPnrwDM(VfsM_jJ}
z`*AyvUU1L#@RjBtwV>MS+WgmQohS3h5S6igAXOw>O-K~3oZIl|V?tEIB*GO^`>rBy
z>HTcH;6IRNZ|WH@aq_)OC7;>ifZ<XX?{zIjY26uD)co^DQLAWAuYj?3?v_->i5g{w
zYoOdRq-9_bRVZdrKE93V?d~l_Zd+2Qq(0fg%+tG~1YLu<3S9wS)1_+X+waze6)HbH
zF>2M{;;3G#4dNbo3>yXVE@+U(ZDMJ>`z06a&(NBQRo=r1w0dkS6s;ZynN%>b%az&p
zrI?TSx`P1VLUskQq?p|sq{7CDREmSq12$tyt+G6{T#ad+)skrH<M29tSac+Oy_gxo
z<)CV+LcrobkbZDyQ!U_C*sw}fyky15w_NX#ht})UTG_2<WxG{M5W_cTBD<@9Hk+s(
z)Nx6aZL-h!v(sn(qXXv~mPSI(coZbq&el~hp^oVc`$@4Ab~*zmi`q}5T#pnlK=_ou
zF_hkNuvcP>!)+BYd6w(Y5fcZt9L;Se`QW|8+7p}Ft;q54`SexXLCyx3_1T`sS^3V|
zq|-)e%V3DVe-ZF7e)3#45>sgKDg%ayem+zjan4I$(_cV%kq0$qXO}%L8To92=c?a{
zGXK<WE^fQpdhiuKC30`rGcWA|vQeqDjq_RB|3JwHt4}eIs7H_f@Mld?k}V|RAE<m)
z{W53lcMJVnqi5VR-|*{V7pGDa?%=ztNl0lkOa(@J9Fv5^0OVzRbu+0}M?n*b$(O$&
z-kI+%{>OzQv)SOF8}nNt4Rc}}OF@X{Kw2pR{RWA0U>C{9eZ*a&Cs_dM_NLN0SB~Rv
zjNjTu7mWUL${9}mCEfjVh|*?w`4zjX#pc->warl(dj&y0$+F2b7bj^Iov0=S&OCO1
z#?aOc%K?UO-T*SH?ItFZ>Z!-nTX=`q1()o~Zw%?_pqwQmf=;x(<q-vwjug!eDtDH)
zaQ@kCXz!8t3;NqR9vFb@&s7ssYPT^Nv*GE7d%%HfAuMg~)0NC71IrQln!+74F)IPW
zx)zSmhni7%FoG4Q&2o<=a#57|*g7Y!W9?#ntau5WXup|PPI=qOWw!l!bJ=%zrE40I
zAI9N3b22ZG1UWSb`vdKWbFVJC7MY1R_UiDl{%REZtFqrxCM5rkw*?ms&lt(7nijj8
z8Bd@-CNkvAH~7=utEbp4F7JKKwzqpubsFd%OPFu)(N6Bt<zf?ij`;^tpE@%sE_qJ%
zuzlk!-ZtuK4>t_-{(t8m(^iZiN#HKbg1jTwl2D`g2k<A?hPcNbDb4@V`JaA)K{Xsk
zrlPP<6Meut-!oIFl?`QZrR=tk>MM17?g)Y(Spb-yKh>}6uE(KV7!dfGBlYpXrhh>o
z%mH(nzVy$Z10ds8)A!!=9|-@bsB?hiq;vi(pC9&)@M)swMoDH8Qd(r%_?@h&9WWe9
ze*XYwzwrVNi7qlB(*oYvAq!j$-aUrcz?2D#J;0LuDzn^bq~|6xjU!vU;*f7!WiTv}
z=*9*8vFfZmgZx5%bJg$zaYRKW&yIC$o)Gd=?l0EO_HBv-7JvL=_8F~d5KF68`xsmb
zcNA)87iZlk!g=`ZKk_k0e36=)6<RxNtU*>5B;aoE*#Z6bI2<-Q!g_Q{t<P<Tnya>B
zX}|#-MxfrJJBgD9;qnqiCROin5E7?njZc!ZT%!n{#?-0CNrB|ZYDb(56626`CsSnC
zDd_G*gQ3(ix#*U9&A<-<>YA2=x0(OAW|KO;lHqDE+j?7LCm}EjZS@&V5OY^NKDR#q
zhmh8v9)PHSaj3)A<O@Wsv#fNTDWIC#3|Opg-Bu-9z|XY|$Hgn%P*noyFK8!naer0y
z`GC7tUSv+UFGe3hp$gYI5{F=7UA;v<&^;rug5KNRXH-uf;FrAZhLQ$3DU{#g;w!PH
zb-mrv-aYmsfxNYQjMD7`Ga+R5hC2w+v0TlS?S{M8OpbbOx>rLkmHRS!g>GF9(Ehh>
z!bl9T_$AX13<BP?B2pObq2ingL5-hS%p9D@0^0~7xoV7gZ<?BVx@Wj!0)ue7@C)k4
z?QhxJ32bbvh9mUWu;MIz5#QuckE)Pz&5gQ457={~jEl=!jazGrK>9oFJEgjs>l#1U
zj5IgY30xtk?(B$)2En&b04x!44D&iFM&^zf(KJF9xQm4KIG2o!xgagSb`zsOtj58o
z4Fki638wse)n2#o&lLm_DK`hl%a-}6`JFg++KV+&%MurEX?wrz2OA#dq5IkPgeX|g
zN9*OQN!9~Ni0E%47mP#W?9XHAGnQ6ejl?fFdP$V8ZMp^!^9LeFK)5EpXF@98J?=wg
znp#(fqg{|}C+e^t*~b{Y0zdv{4xjA;p`G2MV)Kzell_sZBd&ws-5_MG0O<wgu2s#h
zx{B=lJN1N?&VrcRIsKcf{e7u(d52{;awRTu-E<p9_zNRcg#s2MqHO*1^~x~^$F1tX
zPt8~}?HjG<czMGMfV0UaE&2}5m=aEALFg?}n$Af1=I0E}NQ<cdJcY&b`iXeVsZwBF
zaVC`yNWez4ToXm^Kf?pjzEEsQK%}IWJ65{O+m`+IG`4JsnZ*`+%jVay6@GubmJ%AR
zP%AT>g%|5VEs&T0n<&M9$@FW}+@z@~_cbZ%EJ5kTk#RE=Fz{?_D0nx9*rgQ55p>fW
zre)4^1zO6ALPa~cn(=xVSBFXl>h8q^d}S^~jv|*r)SfrNS(OpWT$tY~OB%XbV9(H&
z-r8<GECP?|Jcm;RqI?YzW~)sNN7vdVyqzxG*rTLY=ek$(F2jpk(oB4pv|Hs{V8O_S
zz&d{@&~zpM_ChR5hrDqFY-pR$B`V^rQ;QFqzo$R?SFmP@wlL~1bCz}^c0ZwW*isRT
zG5_4WzdK^2gcnrxN&p-TSrcSd``-hqG!{Z5+)>8xIHNHTVI-y&bkw)87C%FX*9*mM
zt!u8i_!kws)vu=(`>idPk(g{^vE{x~MPUfESLCmNcbSK<hwj@fLW4fd<bm7o6(YZ6
z6cKW@MCJaW+nUIpE7T?)qY?0AyPd~sL`;)&RpV3W^YZM<SqH_<{9>@VqfiHqAO9l1
zdg+N*!!fj{cf`vi=jJ)ztI2C|>hWKk^qeU9FIj!D0MT21OAXmDM0u4B0PA?X3!GFm
zL-1dRO>S0dhp(I9IG*-wdxBI*9OU{b6+xOZooU6bU0noO*`~;wp9@w=LZZPHw$2Tx
z!k{ReC2~kQh>YXB#ubpU)J4+W<Mkc8h`+?ePYjn%>660Z1*<Y;ewO+MwG<-H+Sred
z6+0{34pI8)k`p(}Lbio7H(XrOog+Y71aPCwwUiLM3(u?9ZJElFn89H138o@iS<|;N
zoX~_m>+ryGh6?o+IV#a6BZMgVDojpXTDWk33y3dcdyk&_9D_;NS!tMF!P~YDcpy5Y
zwkPPUAbgesiPykEIFnGDM69^8pSKJ$f=SDnQyIO+&i9qV{UFG;A%!_SsjEQ={1v{`
zIL)W%rGXa^n4k4Hf|xvV(qWM;l9f{pV*Y)&oqKAPAjFbQ?^Ic<>hepjZTZBYt*xHU
z-`;B7C?q(FGDivb1yp<1V`;>0U&}{7o)NfCDpv4?!(mjCRzlhXYHD8h?)TuSp3IW^
zT0&v24n0brfVA!pW~mo2r8+Ac;N!|wFu(LBM&qm|2gkkb_}d#h8C8PxxOEoZuqb{A
ztUL+zd}4CQAN~)t9%pE$=lSG$C0W-I@`Vd_rW+uB?b9{lzRi))f9!qu<3|1*BJ#$r
zZJd|MI~McyXW5R|Y8Oj1!IAew-Q}uxQ3_^GWB08mK=<%5lYHLwNl^O&(0H*GDRV<x
zRw)bliUQHcOpv`@Feo*vE;{xEoc?09z0>8~DHmM!0+AJO8fC7sDi4`))6d_H)CoTm
zW|+d}W3YG}xa~0s@D=oq`5J~YQMuODA*lYIQ#peO^y4R{Uz3m;a5{%lAGrvRrJfKX
zg+w#ucE`M>q_?I2>5FKAK>hTtO|LTt)?)<e(gJhB4~a6%7F;3&ofr2^o__eHIDwOH
zhRNUh^yJc_MH_>{{7n7?$B_7O^0Uoyt<S!f@jSsm`aO&?n#sTqk!bC&zYvCRi4vFv
zb4<jF{`SavXPPWn?L*QMq9s5(Et?4-S~MN`;rtEVl9)(Qj$RVTHbt@bRTi5&D(Lf%
zzaxFGhD@4kUKJF-9LQxPrtgwY^K|Y7;-JyXTfF}oN`TqjOROqy3M#v+Dx3N>r&BU?
z@NPdj7@CQO)KX!<=xT`ZfMdEhJ~@_#PMPcL@r_GIoq2q%3g)@&F#3Jrtr4vxjbp#V
zG6?%pcNw!u1|*<nBa#uei;I?$hRdS((JJQ-GEgc3Y~NQe!2DYy{~b&cetI?QILPbi
zWVkXZ6jEXXO9E$Gk7@TyfF|&)^G^HLlyigms`Z;vz#6iFIt}^{6bAqo1-B7LapEm%
zIqc-!3@FPdS}1A;S&#^Eo=C15Q#BT@M`jmgR%%_!f7&4&98|dz?0Nno(*1F3K8sq{
z>hC~(BHTG#9OJ+ZP4iitBM-ykb7}LcGOlWcja;)Jf42I|^518&!aF|5&?>BI__T6M
z5c8YZt)|!H(48=HA``?Rr#)3~J2t!JeT;B&-0>3yWb&4rGeI16c~(A}2%lE2brb^D
zC^eT5ITSRdA#u;ztUHiW2#H=yZliGKAx%#3;!SW9WP7pmYYSo;$e4;9+B0bXdCX)(
z3(+B*C?5`qVV~PsVY*p|v)S*>A*0i*c#1g|F+vXE`224Eeg!-qyEJpjCNd($>T716
z*(84R!v8hwC!6lKZCj;zSxl%8zg`m1<uP+K`val8k}ynQ22{zJ!N>j&#HvlY)cR}_
z3|^_Yzy)Mm7W8(+CNx7edgq5Zxf~VejhpDVLjQr<ZDSVxfdoZTeQQ}9-EzFMX0Hsx
z_MWoX-4yvaw}9Gv?&R5a-u6$X>rTes%Co6*KWcn8D`}m*GzzVL$<Dl^$X>k}O-s){
z9f%!TIw>g88aMIMdJj_gUHZC2?YMWfG^bX_dxn1oU7uF@>YQ*yF_To$`(2n^wrFQ~
zU#;xhRT0nkrPfU1?~myq8aJ5G+||mA+8%g>B`GYXZ=8T7ItrHgB#9aC0hIRrIt1gX
zqcSl<kro{=VMsL71!hpnwIQsDNG~s^Mys&<;lo%kC8t#wGS46gcPAXVK)SGGIu&t5
zZ(MAW^}%l-MJUGkZca!j|7kD2{Y>i%>Qko0@=GtdY#z5Tlg|uWss7K1X%uDRGK(=c
z=sV*qhigD?IO2YOJc<DBOFLh4?*08j5}tK(rOT0LARN;{l`GlmRlU=Xq{N%8#+<^%
zpC$HaPE}{8IPrZWI%tH-bI$(X^>l=$i{~kBaPcZ1hhdz!Qgw=RM&q;Xt&4i7h+Pu=
z+u=FARP$7ri4*1M7R(RNw62v>f~;kzy%%gJSXcnoAOqmtp`yIo=N~BX{r#P)Js*LB
z4xi@?H;AI4_JXTZ7Z>)blCS6IKTxNgQ8&%SH%7cWSWF!)?uw{bsyi1;P`puTlclaf
zT<{CyA(4U++V+avo*k(CM3YD3E1Zg-o~=I1=le2bbHn@^TM6py<N>PdArXw+@@%V&
z0eoOo`6MU*2YnU!sMzY3rA3IKl&xFCcDP68gr@oViIzzOi$zTNDk-Xj_^w*%dH$*M
zMNM@CiMsw()`QwUj8?_GDyrLTg!yst*w7}S=FrBSM)b+~<5EWqo3JO-nK0S@w1HX9
zY4vqh<YQSJ<>L>rTQ&SK^Lh)0w~DDaDpKH!f?6J4MUZ~foL=gFr%1R7IFH2I3<VLd
zhluvmNP2#iD#KT*Px7%uY6&(tc<6^RFZ~ho7dK3%0K%GPu>W_UlkrW#W1@QNhx6^M
zcMMX{D&n2ieBQ2;ZfR$(iHcgjRJZgh_xT=LTA5|BY%KQW8_sJ&*>5u(ldr^Rnm>Wa
zE1ooF(L^4b>f~pmI(xp76}^p4;o>zp5!x8gA<wgD%(hy~*W!jB()>KdO_s<s&Um2G
zwQpX>Vqgr(IArNOwr{dH_mycaSr$%eJsvcX-?yJmbGN?RGbAMPf42wGTEd!y5mn=M
zo60)$hH8wJkl+oZ3S62y$?{Zqzo7uB0XH5UWj@&ErA22BAAcrJHl{Elz^o}`b3&@&
zWS}Z)M%msZSd~<4MAe`4<Ag6tXMw$EVd}bkpy=I#F!avARkE=XLZ|gqSzRY}n56*1
zad+KLH%;JS1f%e(4FtP(rw0EPIU#fXJ7%llxbO~ko*@1QwE>!zRlqfO9~N+)D6J*-
z7*U%)9+DP{>yqaw_uvs_yphuKtN^Q${^ZD--VZ58OSft@c1X~*VqkT7BM>Rg1DGd!
zZ7#UHjPsIi+EfG>U^c`Yk$82gJOZ-z_Zantuh$GB`@mgLTCvici8L}>5wes%gHPH9
z8M>bOaSnyo^|zlzYiseUZ-GdL;{jBwq*W11j}c(%zh`p@!!KLZJ+|+(tcl?JKhV>x
zkIZS=6Nq>0eMVu_73CVLN*2GsH}XICrx~MbnAhR^8Lk7tYmg?XEdE)Op1GHybX3>!
ziY9WVpdYjR;!^=4QK~EO<xn5m`f}&`*(Hb_&%R7*`5~mZKnJjvY`)b>CC6fD7o-`R
zq|?mbB@@Uoiz}Qr_s@^Xa#XYu8Oo+SA+hyF;~e`sK9W316U^WaB1Y9uJW1!7V#6u^
z1SU)nooUN4vR%{CR>sVfTPZHO;mKg<$RiF^!Tu)b7nb5RRWYmcVIgr6Hu$V{L3Ypf
z6EP2x(v0F%*cK3xjO%2H&wJ<w-EC?i*`^u8*>=`-tbbPz=3iWBxz8};e3Yp#F?*$6
zQH;$<8ZCN9eoIkFOeZE}mch^-YRE25Yy&O#Al~cPlLkhAJJ{!W6<L$u^)e4WIZ-*w
z<C>t)Gb*Un5E6jna0y1~|0HI&y0;de>zfU^HP-1b0l-1t?2sD4FusxtrOZq?)23`(
z+?7D_R_@uUxb!N_$C<VgGWgyx{bH8-Bs)V8#cre<dt?0F%x&TXCUKVD2G68=p>D?8
za6?djZlqqY8OFNlN6%SR`P__oMof|d_aDmB=uSf|^d!as)KlHHFk;nw@Ef<e^>qP#
zY!!sw0dSSOdb`tkYK^J)u{FXoT{v&+l6vHsZkw@6Gce!=@^j#|I>H)P(9mS0JO}O5
zfn6sfH{oGiDeKdqC!{Qg3E0c5%)EXLWjMm8#Xv<9=Qw;w!%&qZl7Y+YU!0#l92RX+
zmoT)ID;Ua2-+9Yi_$tnw=u|peE=53@IP^fb0W_{U5ICpew{f;z6ca1jJ0II(<EDn|
zo231XdHR{u91&dE#v04q=VS}3CM}w|<V9O6^uxK>dGZE=mrJtg#7olpgUt#Y%DoH)
zN*z5>-|W5Zia9XOB#1MHLU5jgHUSEn`qlP~tRKV6$`e*3ulEEomQcL-jujPAPb!r@
z0Tj?B;{_u*WVzx!`6UoqKtyBYiF#r|nHa@kks*esmVA)f{ynkUk5TWFX^3#L$NbZ;
z{CS92=}Bbu9oJH>WhJA;Cms};>M}@R2aTsBW}jBw&ES_?)?g9OepFaegGse6(R02S
zKIODL!65hi{9L1ZH}9EyZ3Vt#mWEt^tj$cSz1^M;svILP@ClMJqQCv-W(ke%=E=yt
z27b+Fo{#H=Wh8^79Ip7mB}-Lkzr;-Pdc02-3BY;<7eU9+)%?x6JD6SCMSq76VzQQu
z>%(-@E+k8)ZFei#c;iYVjhX#rXR9m!fle?W4ZeRMDK|2<crRAdP!8M<VzfR$w_(^m
z0>3u%_J@tJ5BrCSBq!pzH80c7+KyzXFh5!987;K&0_2Ao&4L)N^C}eCTCU#DS$T{;
z<%$+Q#S8eR7wEdVFsxz^R-(Jjg<>(RwIZooAGSqdvA@~Mc7bs7GT9DjhX>jtx2^Eu
z?>;HTS7Va(UOPzfx8|!Vj^RE5f<S#*^pScCyXeQCm`{*7VRfpwoTZ>z<W}?g@l>|R
zXNhG{nI*DYRO1ZAVsDnZDM(PB$B%1)z;`v!ljVc1{?LHOWl10Ox2LpNJ@bbp@B2tW
z;3IoGPwM*^5*4=f`q0*gd97?h_<EUEUpZAUBx~oaD!qgZ4{NKVY|H`d!ByTD#w#;3
zm1>&ekHYW^exZpWd+LH25KMz}VC$ynCTQN;mb3t6#z8()7k1jhTvp>#io|*SH{te_
zG*aJBQAq;<t~#S0DcT5r<Nn{Z5)p9_@%Eg}bv}M%*XpWV%&oh+k+UO>Z$Vv$6e(%H
zqn;|i`Wt1Bg{5q1I|x7=lF@$=2&j6+Z2VqRJ^Px^Q$1;y)ks>zvK=GN=0<n9l3sz!
z`K4Z@drijdeYL<^7pi?#Bi|;W9Xu;%ttc8n)m^-E5SLuOLUgi?L;G%_skh`VRpr{K
zi^iom3iXMSdtPk~NzpouqSksG8O`jKF~Yeuh1xN6=jSN>v-lRUV^W>h!q8~!hVYsC
zO2+)GTsl`=eHFF8hW+)_on*H(&Tm5$dP1xX;`GtGW*1J^U@lWad8gHoI@4DI^LxP%
z>gl^$QA|MfgvRyE`ue)zj7j1@5FK$2`KxL-yD7h8?UglxA2u17o;23_QyEqs^zUzr
z84>7*5S0M#TkS=F4{YoqLo9ZMY$v{A>MBVo)5>+=rMgeW$vkYlnj8uz7zh63^>EE9
zxaPd(?4vVFrf7)5ogf-Vgu7uu?$N3<t}ekUE7%;*w08G10v!USk|^xQb$xVSe`C^C
z7?pmrL&m#y)-BI6T1S5V!F7}uKaS#(&^S^)=(+Z-tKtCQ1slEAmAS79SuNZidR}d_
zQLd3NxjPQ3$toebz2Z*wVO++`7IPo)adl}9EBA#JZ&wSN^*K&$RC*@qZD84-moT|8
zCu-okqR2Yf)qsZofk<rm_uBL(_&ro^kSS3UXk;AcMv?v8SO$6|IZMbYIUiD8S#yK7
zg?@aiBJl!(XCA}Ct#>-tMT+=?miMei2@YVR4^MH{g^=lslQQBmX#OBFn<c(js0zxv
zasB$}y|U7#q6MGkW<y&(?aBscE->w{w|_aiseZ3rO{YoNdLk&}!ds^?KxVrTHvbQ#
zh-Z}pEeCh^iI4#OocIlwXIbe<tKS#FXz8lCbJ+=CcGn?DzQWz#8(iL}z0sOqN%<9k
z0O`(RH~j;}^f*}FFM$CGy%x5CJ7f8K9aiC8OLdhmHI(sjIA*dI3GVT_P7YFUTy=Ba
zi!v(e;Zcn2>uaN|Ko7*VQ-s+ayQu+LXman^g{KqxS-D4w&|8yH)PqMbB*bf~V2Pta
zc^TOA)va<!AjW?AV>j1RR9k3c!mmf;rm8N&J`O#+$$ziiw6>Nmx7PM6dq=5dclp+N
zC_x$%E<uW6MR#o+(Sv<w0M(A|j$9L#1d$}}W<x2Q`W#v~^DA-DVAc%#uGRPC;=OeC
zt+ohZ>Itn?gR26C;llW2HYSyh(ycpWpE|%`=>_f^SY?XMv<Byd(^0KBMNbaa$&p(A
z?1ubm|D8k6%jE7K=!)yb?M)=&d}lIJ!u-3?t59RAXQ*5YMO)LaFb-qE2=w<I)1&x#
z2%L?xWR6;+!M!G`{sPLVhgjYu0xX!fqH0RQVr-EI5tLPV-}PVJi_{~LAxYw>s|U(E
zuvFZvnwP+@$PU-9D$>qz8?zmw)Zr}vqd59(m%5SVuWf{#lqes(#=JLr45K!}46L9*
zt+BWg=L!SVt5=jwumph~OC-{#4MLt;{-6zg-WBpsgn?(EWjmkQ^f&UtT}+}O!l_)@
z{pGc`7!F}=G89`Y%a9NCQPwKo)Bt@50=+r2fJx6lem~MJI<^QYD8ON?C`107e#ZMc
zk*sSzuv^k~OzN})QSHb8%D7p%YtCHD-DCM-xu3hiASME*;l1+Mwog-ml5SD+t+>qg
zhB7&=@uuz;t$`lJ%4CbNN3US;S*0QvDp=kJ`Mu8=A_@>jus0T4io;QA1mSFSX}|K#
zs=gN<HCVTaIbBt-Ei#7e{h`d5<quO%$f0ABUPNa6HR?YeOV%#!;2!(@Kq^yx>y(m-
z{dtcg&xBC~ca+E^z6Rw`O?0l0#t~sgdi+v`;L$v9__Y^-zeSa%*7&P!B>bW(r%?%+
zfD5aio4tf@nZaek?GmIZ0jLfq+u25o+32ng<ccWCbM{c81lbs7&uQz<n-Mzf3ch`J
zChEQx<-aOhEx;*#5ZgYfupgur9&^KmH4Y!$rG&faMPfAN!;fEU)j~YQB-or~y|iZ=
znjhQQZQFoCT0gswM3FD+!dGy{6@%epjcE!f`6Q`8XicZg)aqVy3gj6%ndhDI>o7lE
z`ivhi+`VyXfq7>izbch<8V3)6r>P>nv=kLqln~kX@dFjedL4yQq=!b7#fGhmDa{d2
z%L$}D88}8GWj~)pB2X0*<%LID9z?r#LDeJws*B17Bg9L|?iQ(q|K%!%r>WXWJ|+DL
zCJ`fxC_BrCmU6#822{WQwXSp;o9D)v!<K}%{Wai>tD!DOm5ztT=!mKcvSpEnP$P}J
z2@skqJ&-6|^mmFY?6Odmbo+nDhNdDURg`n{IJo^(B@13{uW%=+Xt|H1pv9{$zrYn3
z#K3Ax@&?EBxBs{k;=io)P1kFnv7o?^3BKg2hfn$S89gh>4X705U;Mt1<@hRvgdxKH
z8Nn7T99c3hLs!?`qr{7`Ih`ibip=(^1tg5c`&-BgtVuu!cQ$nJUQtvcLjq`_t^Au4
zNG+x%JHw4W<HUAuT|?QKheMH)^r2}agJfdRbX+3M<yvV0J;hm3$lv9U?#;L~elLio
z=u<Zh#xa^P0dejbQZe?F)JA@8Nl+RL2+Gehn~|Y^dfn&rL4mf0_jMvlB6CBDWS7E`
z;^eM#`a&X4%s#ph3svjZ4}XZ1vbP^WpwciRk&Hyj@+kc~OU4xq{H7WQ+s6)N#VlFq
zosHy2j5`aNm=BYwpIb!X1LL5*^qfFuGjOo*^MO8Kpw=#f?*itiqOaQiY#CIDSUD1?
z+N;+D`=DbyW752Uoz+shq>#^0$-`mcVQ+44wC2jb$JvD|0o~De{eHvRjEnJk_=64J
z)rhRsqYs<(5SalMQUm(_xiB7ibCZquk!wZcI&V@aK}2*0Xm5viW=Z_l9?}=HQ6#6~
zW@)~8Kzgy2Ja~?mN6iOz!*3?YZFj8f0LL?%cDaEMEhr3)x<2`uc6=Uw<l2k{>UuA3
zGdjvUyz;MMNA+1D8D5vIg~L;8hE#g!y38j58<}D0UzLN7j-us~f#j2sjqIu<E&irB
zNPqr;@YtkmcF-qW5NOGbq;6R=Q%2PG<=00`f$_N_wj%#_2y1#IsWYd#ET=>{#z%gh
zm3+_oG1bpssYAVr{KgUif-CI{_X)4~*f?v_UVM;cX%Fon_%o98s2B%tnuxHrl_+ot
zzJlh5&*3yfl|iV|S#N-&_<dQ=fS+M`)<$TM^%=iv5d{;LqrJV79lX^3SS-6~*}mQr
zfGx+<lYecprkN-usfu>^VofL26Vvp}I7?f*Jp3kl4&SvYh;@fPtAO*Ra|}JTAcDO+
zXvG+vbO+1nt6Gsy%}kdLk+0S9*zQzt29C+5H2>PP4JQfGd(In&Fssaz8z?VH*A&4m
zYsb!}gmH6n;AuHjpefg#%sZB~!05*{(6+0qw^eoJ>|!~j=<Xge#=+sBuDQJ0J4-5Y
z*KV;REQpy-6YpTdV;FMSJjOeNqQ}FZW-vSuy|ayLlWc#vW}!X1>PniDH2XZ?CCKSO
zo<$PV)zok<sB}VJBtvslhLrZz3{wW%IEwssNMd<!tPVZI*WrbU*sH@lpk7lGcyOk3
zTHwI8rqCp<Rv^!x@60J}uo_Op*X#^(yo1F+Cvz*$DSoyvzd>$0`?_|gAIXm|%cx}r
z@zkdA<Mccirn+7=Ny)Y=aU*>8UE95qUX>&K3o&J>{XH=}8LR|j=(jI?ojrsbl=W<-
z33s_QN#ff)(<Kv78Esz~&F4D;kPPjL^N}6kGA<S~*J@Q54RU!20jkHkU1BnsNV1)@
z297PJXSjRMq1b;dngwcoKz(7KJPln6{w#U_d?xH{I*oRC_MAo0i?E_izoJ>s)M+w~
z5*%AAs;C&I;3FS(f*{M0#m5CqZ|mcVqq!)Imu3$`*v2|i287X2+E$nVSl>JMy^4vY
z`T*xy>afUdX<nokzrF76Ib*lyR37C)-mXs<DG>Txs#G-q_a6E6wy-6Mj+=)Wck&4=
z_6$CnwXxl-9Czma)u<r#CYx4vYbgCOCj2u2simE*kB9J%od=q8LKM!n`v)BEnFpVW
zfdk1eW0_Peb<0p2e!`K!-3GOB3S{h1a-Zqr?$9{cp;?}pCOGl?IbUdk90M0NDipt^
z%1+(**W8V%b|Rb+nBen|SXQ<{yJ0b83yZ=J6|yffl}lY9#t;%5U2iyIhgIKt;s|ZQ
zZ-3AizUjbl)y+f|1$`8>UyotrD)ugx9s84Q$s@if@u(vvUu9_xq`@zwYgFQu#>!D9
zSVlz3hJt^Gb8#7{hE775lbZX?a2659cAgf0g_wKl8(iC$G_&b9;z!Uo;(B@CNo{QH
zioegz*Qde&wDxo4{pjc>NbReWMRblSa;-cN304SwmYVpG7C(!^(`nFr|7=(MP30Fs
z_!kCLYK(J#5U)2d=>!6SkfCy6>N{1mwMkWIIPio`=kH0SjNY1pzqXurb`uK0qkM8x
z4#B}P=<i^gB;`c;=os|;eS7T5tC#cTPhya2Q0Rr+{)*(02vbNTkz(Oiq8O$l8FnwS
z`~70Gq3d`Iv*)ZAM|}cGYWJL$5%w<Zs)k)~#GQXr)EpH+c}6FJ4hwVQ-)ABc6JW5q
znpEOdU?r9k6Mtm|uh-Xs$3uT*l3tWgZS@Pn^H8OQ3uyemn!Y+NZs&`3fdU0e@#0Q#
zN};$d?(Qz7P^62y1$Wm1#oeX2m*Q63rMSCmU%tQh-ang7=4O(;n@?u$+;h)~^bC^W
zwv|w>UKQq>S1*H?Zfe>T9u9f^D+W%H*_ur&){0Y2nm;$7$*%w(zqnMgX6$X&hMt^5
zJGwC~;Z!fpn_K?2N#-ug3Oy1Zz&d@co8i1xoP>~AWkj_PF=*wQabu38o%6kXxMcc9
zEP{38jQ(%~zM=30+wnFpIi7f0dDh*wLR*ACZYUPh01qYp6_JhVU*Akjx8_F%H_6>3
z-dOtD`1zs3Q<kcOP0h%8PArtyVlGt2V^uM|?Hq_x^f<S@Y?yV?^o>0lz&&EA%qvyT
zAq;QMEhedE$%b}FG0E%lge@4n?bNh2P9mrBisW1LcJI35DD?!*%0VZ2jh4g$Q~_gd
z%WYxtfvkHg*(WK9Jl|S#^i8|Y7H?di9R9vx5+5w<1l<an-u3Qx1S)h9R0?Z>7EI}k
z1by?Ea7(g3v7O&XiF7)I12oi`a)TT(r=<M!T1WVm)dFyWI~CQJ9LS$Dv&`&?GzQ>H
zZTE2BqGB@gm#(9nkSi#T*GUTt=HII0QH7PPXBStK?)(VLb`h{{B%)niEJMtdK)AzX
z2$goGdDd8nJ2o@v+Ouv^Piv#g3iDYs<u(ot-W+cD>9}RBeg3Jg7~tf~gzwH1k(c+k
z_-3ocZG%VkQIJy&-m=<6W?OChW&);cae;x0VO&`@r@~B0mg=Tj%lKx-Rk?eXB4R?*
z?5|Bx^}bk&&h&#&%TP<Y5hoG*^YlABD!MqGN?}O)cwdyKz85DUPREqvu<y9Wj}2vh
zTqXd0)WBEz`&$UHGEj3Rm-!_vmHU;kp37#D^L}KaxpIx4C)#TAsNENliX+S1QYSP1
z%5N*(34;h@!n`ckg;Z>QpU@b%j*4il#b2;FcIbJ;`VTq0CcT158^{&3;OyUp>L6N}
zpqWNrC{5}7U4ZF+bhDqkwbl6~{<U{IId;$%huE+x63V5JjSfh(GSz(h%#GhnTNU#(
zsI-A6{_gjS)A8NGUD|N$TKJ4UWqDD9m|Dn*>`JADad=0qUXzAHTGs>PlNkp|UbFvA
zEK|m=-DxG)*Bp1GWsR8hB$dP2s3vOqI0C#W3*w}HYUSZp+Sm8=%o1GqP8BwKTE`W7
zygVsAZ{mm}@bG~~v+L5v&gk|O+uTZwZRs_vse{tS$5^3P52Mn*nmde6ie@dCd*pY)
zxSD>rQhaow-rL{TdzY&tL^oGh?~?jTGm~IeY_I$;lvB#M===wLtdXkJj7oEk(@X~U
zqs!HEolrJPPna;x36V!}w0hxGckpF$wX*IqKciJ9TMy7MF@d((U6J>Gw4L)0BSYgm
zf#AYovBtJp(uhav%HqOVm64e{N4n7->ae7y7u`p_M<!p18HuG0m;w{4a+u=$ucX!{
zPfJVMOk3}Us_qsI#s|#f174voV6^1u#Z*#2rbD~=SMgV0F&?J=e?)__&rn)roE-!b
zWQ~Y`PN1k-#agpen`SA1sqm`#(wqtNsoG056XDT%x_9DiBT{NRxO%$!RoX=O>l_gh
zSuA|vJQ2-#rUXa#h0WKCt(MN8q!fM|onZn_Du096wseeDNFq*ZeP0*epvEw(yLWtR
z(hnlSrHRi@DB&WpbpP8Y{xuGlG2$mC2VTi`I4*F;6oHAF@tQAOc432u&Eu<9SO1@2
z6UNY)a(5lQZlx*1tZUp<EHDiqgd%UBhrv@)KT(Hlx9u@Rpj=!XCVZlzcc<s@@s(;+
zcON(M_rF5ndj*G<rAhs2#D!@;LkI*IhJ!{Ijr;4;=SrU0f>n`5ZE$?4p1a&0M#-R4
z^Vxup$;xsm<k4C~LqoK<wip68fLf}?KJ5|y7@vdcEL0LTMREDnq`5APwT%1dxC(<-
z|LxH+)yZe=2bp#c#fn$)<_$M*AjEK6MM+flp^s%pc$qufdcj$BQ#MfyDkp3&U&)_(
zEAPu~FV#H`O+maLs9h72Y-l0qpEvX)YZ~Zu6+>WUA`O(S#Moir+Ct`oj%<RNjgG~+
zdyPBfYIUz%Ai3k0(pYSwfHSVHUZR=%8349UKJ#b25>&v;SEf}XCvS5$%2yFmfesrP
zSKf=0+j%0QUMo7FbEVnGua(Tww<I6`l8-C<*vaPn$mE(gfGpv!<gUrZ=ZLBcRIlPN
z;m6uK_NJ>9xmSt!wtDC?M(7a09a>G<3@+3U{ITbhE&3JV<h%#2s}=9B%g>(s_hzv6
zi#lD+Jlv}2le~lL{=@D6QL#bj(j&-JxGM6+9J(!7E*qimLR2?&*&J^>;@Hzr4|NxR
z4|kK5*eE!{%0+oQx5y|Cu4jJ-Iwo}27*IB`LB~|y6YzFtfog?i({n51gP(rCe14R0
zO~<&8coMDmks^Lde8E!o@L|12d7{cn@`zX&ACc5@mY)AqgIfBUCZP-U#?9{YmEw=d
zFFcX-YjF&Bt;o|10&i0Trji_MsU*@P>2YmHU$RP5{$$EuS|$=Cu25|N$nM9Sx%HMQ
z?01AqLwC9#s0Bf?e)WU+Bx4Hcm?Q%3>g5jFQ_h%KL$;Y(Ka*Cs$%iw%pAW!W`oc8r
zP4%<D_Yzf(p5C~B_qDClS(P)eel%RuV4#Pzc^-5)>u$$q1!Y-$6w>^V9@*U7MY#13
z0*hYhB+2+)Ti>a4J<yT}2&oMaGxCRQw=5saIKR_B3Si1+>>&7!wg5Dwgpg9&(@0a>
z7n{9<N{B93IK^ieBs&Y@tL$r&s#3oDB657fbJp^5h<d35&1K7O75|bfwDS`~x=JQs
z8lU3zHs#l&^_G>yW0;T}dS#yxexe&#a@2Pwgx`5e1lBxn@}yS+XnqSV?IU+~N@XAB
z?t+7BFWAUQePQa4<-D`pp7nnctWzs|R+_}va`y>pbSGkD@C%XNyvb*We;cTq!T2_*
z3$DO)*Ty`ynV{C`ca&p<BRNki)b&Q$6=B&;dv+h<P{3Zj@k8H@e1qhfvx3_&`615A
zf&GmIYaMK*q!IQ3IM2d2g|jsyGoj_^Q170*RifUjY@(K3(oem@@n?zJA!Fu>+ba{z
zE{`J<e|%f#61k`4JG;Cmjyre~=aW>bB;?<anX77GNPDMeS%@RkP8E{e!b=irFaF9_
z@)*xn^c}Mxf`Qus<0$sW8Sl@2L?<+;DQm<O&F93V*00A3feU+Iy>44kCzId3D`U}v
z-Zr+2=;*U@UZ(RF!aX?8^BtM2wRxp_e^l<=G@?_jJeBw|ODe@-cRq{zMmVWY^P!s1
zKv#`GW7o`w&bOQv>&dp;F&I5=>WzqujfEn_Z~4@T<Lq;vB-068xr|0kdjGTt;wmKv
zQ+8-JA481`fUSu0C~?hqFm=oG#(D5AB|r2VPW7b=eajj$2s^Kyo2HkK6}Rd4%A67p
z)%zB6@?qvK=BPALoG)Wkz8VY+;Ga2K1uWN<a9lO0WHI}r18TFAbTeu@$zPYe4!eti
zvElw~w5wdqYn%Rg^N1*{DcJ2x%PY@bURI)3d|ZJDn8(_nwXdz3W;dFB#e-;8;@I{n
z&YV3m!t#?0#C5sfsLyL(l!kWk9V%=UfE;0XA9|&5WVm>k8nUMeSx>?v*fzXHf4qv7
z##05$5wMn8TDnx|DFfy`t&5W@^9BS|_QC^l@JX*wf(qn3N&<wxzc~4%jkTn$ZTyzI
zmt{Ex$nz&BmwS57>xKGwW0^DYNuaffqoKWUv$vCVys>qr7hQr$s_4^(x3;AfcDM)&
z%7WX1JyV1L`=VYDCGSdNe~mB*%4ob+Mb^o;c~q6qd5^&3)lM6h=7q|yt-%)LKWF~#
zJ$yuZf~|zb)hFG6`d%pILS%o9(2&UM&&d2hM7SecMfmey49oInA~Y$i1wz`cxB3><
zo|EMLHyYyKNIqQF>B-hn{p$3ZA<Ufzh8!11tg8nw$tFj9(vDzkVaLlpX$>D67;pV8
zOeNG0`hsBh^!(@to4%y=^TS@rrneGhnVqy_$0M-!^8(Z^){R{`mfuGkq4|?{US_cX
zi27HVyZ3a@<jmuZRWZS4g@rxrS=n+#?HQTrq;0t>KQA4g5~qnEex4dJz5Sk+EmqtS
z5>@&b!eYg_d!>Pj8X8L+=eVTRyj|e@R%avBP!gdv1CxErD7s!Nj#{r7wY@MdrR0+(
z{5%+TGe|P;Iz{T=q*>*<Z1J<I8e#$;F3(93nW*L1+RByIiBJjS@H5-}3twOSe2=-2
z^Hm^(T&Fa2PyUbUoH)@uY6pjoPOZDP3L$a2_ryMD^VC0xbVW~w#BJ6^?EazEm7VGD
zD1z`;SlNF|S+tFO>hB)2{u;O}&AlGnhZa%xP<iF;ZbeBv_dHMNY0On_>Nm6l<vSyb
zCGTG!YGGMbA5{ui(d5?8^k^v~>$c3yaJ;D~o^M7%K9;-<SrV-*(ws^v#Tg2ICtn`y
zFicI~;p>1moSN9_^Ad}W)RL7^pK^^Kz7?9{RZB>+5<^5xRZMdR4w)PY_{kktffU!{
ziEZa3-FPvdxXkH@F}%2I2gdLL=Vm{tm1*d{)_=vAW?Z4gr4hNs5D!G%bmw*T_X0g~
z&SctUV6Gew{{Xlu1|IygDskIV_Qn3Nk*>(S!~u`~Ezfc<N#M4QsrbUE0LeWRVVb3q
zaqS;OS#y<Ime2UBLhUPH80q2A#6vNhoj_y@uIST>7RW=fELE2d%+#f*eR6?yE`o1n
zrhu=Gz3-mSm9#V+nyG${$hjCjb3c7<xzD=VyzAvP5U-T}G@^J9{I{peJuHQB(Umj}
z-#u4YR(!GNt1IL9-r+*5IYzL%%pHWg{W(Xq$qmbdKqrsvy;owIPSuu%_i~&qx74*w
z#b}=md(hyzlYuwGC-H(vGd(|vYiKgf>mOJD5bS-ud0tgzXt8~8d=hO1r(R$beU551
zGh1Gilam#nnjlrnBg*+pYwdHs9o0-;)C^x5g?yxQl5fLxEW9_Lx|VKbYjg|tUS_`B
z^utf`VLwctyXVAKxtYS6lwpV+V%Q@?JX1NnXR^l@9)LZr|7P_w)Ut9R&Am^sFvj_q
zY%yw&r}j}o{))V~Ip$M(QHg>|&VUWO-=6N5LA>Yd&U`J>wt2lthT-iyB;M4itDN|t
z_Zgul@INm+JlB`338~hb&MW!``V@%N^<1j6<<h58Wjn;h$%H6%HE#`CQD)2gkbc)G
zJK%KJVgP5O&-(jeitK|Hv@*D7kORg@^iYHttR(}KF_nZZhWP9Z9`;!Jj~Nq^?g6IP
zYM&rfdiEfR!eX*8F8lM!Qp&j19Tp*JR73jtmCAb++9hJ`%WOaUzLntURhl`;a>K%b
zjoE4#%8iB$LUhWyYLSO^MV-l-vWoPS;>1uaAuy$HmQ&^o=c*)9x&==cv!L|{*~@iG
z%z*Qb<mMm5xXq55=1WAfiQ{461)Ai9WD7FCG-)C|vOnwUqvem9mm=cZm&IM1ZwUu3
zq8dq&R2MizrP=tV#!7H&8rthxn>)k(hR_9hvjzDt_RZrS3@SicT*WPRg@y4o1EcJ2
zAFzbKZYZ><|J`%~Y3Jm*erjNnRMG#1JU4}<Y8_8H)|caCsBb9uhGb8b@3A;Xcvt>2
zz<GKWQ<-RSD_0*Co8XZz$2e)ENLSk=!E}CBHKoX`EGfW6*Q$FW0LQV7M%DdZk;GF$
z<%h$~oDA(|p|A2_Au^7_)l*W02X8fB44^;{Cm>k=1+_BL9m|7A1(KdBnHWYZ`a~Ui
zd_5_L0kcNajn8nAT?tV+EKlGJd_{pETe+lhfPxSu;HS!1`1?jZUI`r;CebQb*A;_r
z=IlJz(2|wiu3*B^AAw<JXU?8u>TOk0+*G3MTJdPjSyIr!?7pQe{24-Z)nLug4-hN-
zGNzwo_{<DP=|<*M{x?+RbqzalconM?;T<cY4b401SgLG`7e7r34Xrg><x+|o7)tr}
zj83Zz$5y#0?}|4DoRu=hYr`c}3o(_9@OquFPd&)qM!xkbe%}H~{jXidlS&-&JkqUw
zIK8IaG<@h(u4Z&!9HJkmx2;UbBLPi)mAr``upMlPW6ek%8FH-2Qat&f=#Fp>d#)wD
z)CbE!6x>ifOrQNSNtS3|`y~l!(LT%rNWJ#=O){!?)9EZ)p|1iHsvz`nqBY6Xr|My@
zp5fBRe5mQ2pKK*W%Zb3W^>}S*arL;17QV)=nBc>Mb!oQ$i&<}<@3hg}K2VSyr!GSb
zl9e?UAJ98ozn+tRf?cWkNv|98q`hh$@3;4?-r_9Z|C(mxU3VwxA1tj>nfN4r#QDMN
zPc8<t%Q;8M^oeQHO&YNxa%;ug3z@xAx$zWR<qGy_qBKHRpY?ghAwTbRJ#TU%`kU<$
zf3+7PQphPsg_#DQf7wreK0s+d^};uu{<{fZ>GKV_nMa$z8-4nxHn;A#UsJErl%4IM
zzk~|$`YT*av-D6mmm9X%6s07rb<=Y5VFK0!*Uci}l=}Y?q3ZrP>m%=fPRd$pJR7<&
zP)Ivmtm&)(VaoE*m`A1<oxyDo<qNHiX|%~wzBu`ILSo&h$qHOY{&{fw2Z?+ciaEIN
zygL5}A$(5sE^~T_8P4O1Fl@OFdp3o>WU_8TYxA8WSKS5=Vqb=YruMJ#QzT)AdCp)R
zpw<ZVQT-p}1Ta&&{`Thqtm1ymT98`u7RnJMtnx^omAcmd`47?{vY+rsA5iiIh|lT=
zFVQ%4z<Xi|tma;4JWEl7u?_U76x2H!0(EAg;Q4aDu2A+YSCc=`{E_zSOe~mp!O1QF
zO1_+3;2RD?YXhSHL712ZUuj(mUvdvNHyTA9BvHAa;a+hamT@?PiN!%9kQ6HGz!8Y=
z1brg(#=&AbeDtM=`=0s^)Z}e_$p8I>2VN2=ST`9gFz^`t51`KU1T3gLtJ+>@{bv({
z=7hp=SjPPT)=F+wor5Uu%r&srqIDZT+9YRlKqLLh?@42ACVv<CN!`2E=^-%9wYYrk
z;P^j241;Hb&i_Urp_R^H296+m&NRN7-RQL*MxgAi9kfp6=6HZ+V$(neSer>+6a{g7
z&)@*OzqZ)f0RBHB)b4VhOb4oYqYd)&-cIc2e>}fnXWPu$-D!=8Tc2o-CW$h7XeNKO
z6fAqRWVXo@;`qt9!EZXSBd$E$jOO`!+*)>amF2TH3QTr-h9DK9x3fi87gWiUiX5$<
znO&E4J;}4KaBQ@s%C`;(d@TG23AvfRTZ?}}<|L7qH1cpKpOld4i9C0QMusarfau3@
zFoA?|4E{U%TXwZ@ptyuoP`4Gw^C!ILe-O6Lhp0y@)BW#k{_g}ah<}ndB)$Bk95+$0
znN;_#ADyK`8unvyJyE%t*laGkMyWarK|*>xH)v!4KDUlePXN+w&G<tJ+sp;;)jbdf
zh1nkx62ZD+9}JK|LWSM4Ud|WH!F_N3msFv&n0*88mkgh*CE=GEZUI8%oY?1j@|hi>
z6Wq)Ok^lOC`j`fW(WVby6-n6gI!|U&@bLuasmX$HtFA3iP5p0<S34V;u6Zj8i2?U<
zwewDB&wIe(35m9^FV3Y-Zdn)-V`jd!&LQPskn%Hw;F@G-Jv?BF{t;1Ce)*I+;g#;i
zCCVe?;Z{>s@eha3Z^Nh#<p|zbb>DU($PcrIexghMb4tODe~f2u{*Es|_aHm1sjjOW
z=9YL~T|*XbVrvW6a?z1nOo5f~bA@lIwmchMOGyHd`(XChf2@|YEDtRf!_4(N>xQbJ
zh6`P{Tatihlz3Xek}%;ypnF{Px}*3Qm&Mif_+|UF;FbI@d%VYv(!HXtoz4*wx?lLG
z-gT>5k3VeJK#fLkFmvE}TzJuYVc)u}_36G!t^P?6$w8RC4`%Nur~Nd&<$!jr=8(r!
zxakcjl!y{+jo{b2da!8LUGc6KdUafvi!_!+?YT6Pd09;DGt70%)FVdunGPrE;-E!5
zZ9aCwkVL*k_)v@g_P#KjJ<DMH8KDSx9v1b)b}t9LNk_V#sqA}1e#;_eYqz|dekj~?
zY;C0Kt`SHV@yM%2P?K%2_0DuGk3wJs`@IlAO7LKnABz7KL83H>8HGbFW*cq5d5bas
zW{;oY4@I<jCP~LPRHe3#ch?$@s0&J~B&{U^yxOv+l8fYFf-8xuU1Bt*_I#hnmvk1y
zILZ>~wKK`43`}|stVV)teVB@Bi*sd^e6<~E)5d()&3^Q}rJaEzQ$(=3N#ipuO>YbX
zS{3yD`448~E1LPxo@!m@RE`ZakbFeq8lrequucy5acTZC-qs*j&p~mT_a2Gf_;pSD
zBL%81$YS>R@Ak;hMt+s3hBP-K;%ASferjRw!(_R3T-qy*91Q<?e*RZ8FsR;`)j_dE
zrH`a&EqP@K3Nx@XCc9p{jaks3H)I|IlG4qm8r6O|a}K^KR}WpX;HIsgrB7H97SymZ
z6j`4hL!q`)JDkinmD{mhFR19ts^lU{u(CP!&lR26BtDJ3Yt~bs?~vD@-Euk9H;?gO
ziE&nMtLQ=`EmBj}gkO+?ASw^#Nt}}%6b>I8=}rA!&}>4Gg#_$$Vq>~mSts)V)2nkf
zQzgZg8k$F<(GQx61=#xp>|`gn>*31Bz34mQx1nSSIu7PvWD0IrK>!>I{!G2#!<3&p
z#^7|eUQlb?JV!QEIkmk9ZPmHJCikYau9SbjUxa%!g+C*rd3m&?_^ZT*w>l1WBf20S
z+y^gR4Jr1oaV|eHaCOV-*VM!TEJro9uOt$CnIa@ZrSu#0ep;aqjCkXFiyoGK;n5$W
zY^6|>?-NrfXsWk8R{ADi_pjq6$4dVY21II#YA*8V5k9`*pt{busJ4_Bh{iE!3E2I8
zUe(b0CuGyeqC6*U2vxy(52WVXVXf2h>LCX=sv!gK9nlOt@JB?z^)*1kH4EkO@Hm&8
zB58!>uuAMQ_ihek7n*-z1CLP-p?IW^_k=10ARLxWno9hd%-3L)kRD#m-D%QNezn?i
zjW?T(((baUVjzs;XwZ_I>&wz~Grhc~Tj2~byx~NwFP&bJg=F;Q*%w!4qb$$xk7~B~
z(q7MT;>~5FG*>nk1C>a=G--#Ki<=s_J-R!spj|yg+puM~p`|5uV0oqf{o=9}i-Ek9
zt<7Q{ze`#|fku5{;K1s0VV<W;n*TS>(qugG<W)~A?#wB58ZE;guToZ53R@jrW>^h8
zDA0mU#!656GeoRPIE1CElwGm%5Q<^wM#Lpj#y?3bmWBd=X{Bupg|Fv$6`F6#FFee+
zr|pg_&5%`cj?0<#?`wROb|lU+smHCg$oa`Bbcp_(aRn!oouIA;E!<>O6q#&Uxx2ck
zGhlyOQ+~T<CKJBc2U~W=ds|TU`YQ(fEhi4sy*;^vq*YCHkM`>G%+%p4@7aom7v_G)
zEkB8qDo5`+U`Mi<XRU*Q^VS=H@p3;#0;_mqFV@pX0EWmyy>lnEY}T8fnXh7z&!$ul
zhW88R;U@#mExaKbEN{pP)yvGk63s6?T3F*}&`y5KQ<MLA*35U9bCR<O@K2(v*`;sc
zmAc5K)6$^C<63ZKFsAa!uI9<>J<DcpiVTte@Wwp=cKDIDP3osx2KG&jXV+ImxZnbe
z9E}XsRkHD<Fj~8vsFkfk8N$8Z<%&zYhexC%n2Pu=*&Wfw;CIq_Onu4W)n9YW7;}Fa
zDoQ>sv*4#c7tLo5%-C&IW^6{B@SnG?=;g)4hPT^bvLuvcP%)PD)uiMs38H;+J~m)5
z5-lqS@CK@Vh&XxJaxeP+yiIvmP%Ax;-nTv!7L(Yatu?ubpr()Kyw!>u&n0GlO@xEl
z1}@X!4;ge&^$l5KmLG|_g^qVp>XsSrIR6oKy#>xH%e-=*zCKzP$90p0z+3A|p)GS3
z;$S0gpk?(w($7_vE0%mkgEMC4FJ&r?Vz%xDf*$FyJPxqZUN+vH@}ZVkrboOYjVJ;6
z>Ej{IT%=dDgP|6UE=L9yKB^hICjeHvo=En)BKSe+3z`hM_j!={fHHVS7nYMb(?tv7
z9-VLb3uXqtCwb;%GT<%V-W(ZNb`^b}4G2zpbC7%VjbFihFoWO1S5mMr<@1=$k^XHO
zV8===YM29Wk;!$keq50MC*w*O6P#6d_~%~zRUHGZwrWl*OF6>%N0kSTe~Tz0(lZ$I
zj4zrD1-hNLJD2?WFcRN04eC;8Tgp=;stxspe-QjD1z?FbvK1J7jT2mNQjZZXBkIUo
zWZWP`ZkapboREoPnCn_;W2g()z!wE*41ed`geyuin$X?Ht+hLsR(|CBO*^&Vsp&sT
zw9j5A)us<%=6TiO_<pP8m%33+{zNxAh#&p;q8V5IJtD!!=1x8?O~x)Q6E1-m#&?8g
zjrrqOMAHIsIZ=Kp#YZ_C-C>xMTL&_E(5BV!a=I>LXC?S1|1pURbl(lmT!~kJHBnSv
zh?&;M7p2>vkNMhaf3Z%m-KKVZ7g-vEN~%6U13l@*jd(J9a6PTX{=V;TYD^9WoGj{$
zz!nYI{caO#GX+`(B)`wsjEWJtzPx+OzMh}V&5W2Lb*_$;sN*ey8Q&=55-Iuw$Y$6P
zzM#H^Xx8kpE|rKc+pZSyo*h8250|*gDNCJ3J96Ap)9uiyyf~zD9+;sU8MyD+#qI2}
z5^{lFY`-Ar5i@e>C6R$J%uunNFHay*Y7*-iQC5aXAA{5_y0vZ|?EklUJptQtPe`o~
zfkxZl>~RScENHdN8|y4Of87Y}>VL_@xOeymfvbGUL;eM@o^gJIaT;e#yU$&97E3f&
z<wQKoV)z^V<y@Ptc_D=Qm05pvcKLM#o?q}R$};Nx#^`|OALLC|*9>&p{*mSdsUoAk
z*W$7YgwjPg8j0aQM00=1>RPL9x_)EZ|AhX?^!2N=NaT&mt`W%Q_HL&mSolx>695{t
z?t;M%Kz_!3Q~|KGGL{$B#_(PI-%glzvyXtkwhOACDDS?!AU!9QHT;$hY9+Sgcq$wI
z->(?uRf%w;;XV>GxKw!py{K80V$#=YS+LXWLy3`^1Rlf&5Y(Th0Z`h)TFtU}(c)6S
z6EkFF_&%TLDB%v>bxi6^4)hIRHB(dazecS8yt)N!4?m%+UB>-)x@N=Tp~|kIQRw<5
zyN?YtSn03TX<E$Rggc`8n`zv<p|<}z9OQlNMh$wi_%dPLWM55pRk`%LtyJ0;z1IlJ
zd-)K4l=(Eh;Cdw%&*!=wn>VpT3$GhNw99v7>T}gadlDufw}K;ku;_ybJNnRvZ?@jn
zffSBHi#7O82#S0Y@Gfb&61lCmt>kFh)<aDQyLij9OP+>RBvwSiLX5EiW46MDA0S1m
zIkK(#)yTTd=;w_MCCSO^r^XDv;fN#%5ufP3GK;ZMkg|&9eetF7v};GvNcX)?vlhYf
zi12sX;34}ARGK1$l_nv#c6|R4{n;70Uxm2x?$k5J)2OoU@36o9y$#Avk=Ricv^gcT
z=@^ePF+Jcj4^~e8A@qi*jx2FL0?S@Bg@mV?t0CK={K%&Ge1ZML;dzXkho`k7LvE_8
z_^%LWc@FhLit{##FvKuEGAUhi19q@_)J=^Bo>}4-uw}s-iI$hAHw^owgrL(hEI)Sw
zB`{S)ajqUGP7t0hi)G#5Q2Gve`J8yVAy_X#(KAvM2D6aKC6P&IsQcPB4n9La1d*zE
z&x(&rO^wFL0u-K%K9^ip*~Q1xfd!+S@}0XLnnm=B(tk|aUB0$OEixSM1$b_aiK3#r
zYv`8()ijG6Guko?dz|Kw468_Asi*#{Da@=f>Us-^?pK5$zuZ0;yQ@EADuo#=Zs|Kr
zP_mUl=5?24*TcaiOnKvmo0HwGrfM0Z_B-A;((HHEHLvFFDtnk~-95w04q%H6D`fOb
zbr_{TzklCCKdWc3eN(KPW`ZRdFgKQxuzK1AJXi+73!|UBUKh>a%HYAeR)1G7p+~02
z_8Bn*4&(%tDX7auXhtxSQ#OI7*mO$>HkML*n+WAFm9iS>{@Bc754krU+#~X|Zv4Xi
zo8X07UwhiHmQRtb<aXu9!#APuSS;@u_~1#&%tyqlG_0}yEjgdPc1-MGIm6tmzzp#<
z!0LVL(v7kn9p&>bg$p`ES6f`+ML$7nHCdXj{1uU8L5$_Ns^F87W$}l+up)RD7LFKx
zqy#-X1mDuL_3WI~5JqBo1$FGjx7r$Lem#@h-!ChRHk4x3=(j6WGGcI);pk+Wf}#jS
zl9eg>=J2RuwyMd9S952D*i4t?27KrV00quUw*3NP6TT=3&6V6Rre3&3DN_3I#=o}W
z_#~X<C?zO3j%-i>l_rY-87xgw(V>meG#FlFgo}ENg1pX6YjgM_YKxO4q2IGyU%I&L
zl#N{TP;4y~M_P3of}veJm_nex;ZL)(acE^o|0Vw7Lud>Bb`_=SMsG@O0uga6km5&>
zp3sve!4w(Qt2@UR%`xJ`EV3fnt5#pp!%3Gto0Cdx*@{!3iL*{p9O*@KtMOScyQzdV
zl)3wj73*zqV)t3L8NG%ax+^MAQJ20p7LfLt7sBAz?eBjn?F}D}PRoJfoGiAAXyY^%
zvI83!B_m@%d04tpZO5~V|2jAT*o|TML1-9`1+QD5^$>nE2qr^oYgXDjIF*{6<TMFu
zHn$6;hAUoQ>qA&~JaJ!!whx-#u<k5PVjNYvb<$cheOF4>JFom01Y+yeyFdoXJ!oyV
zGc(dZ2rh;+RcIqEc5@0_3FoRd2lT)j>axadB+@uz@GJ-a4>C&j`;i_v|IZ}(W0jdy
zJU=6}#282u4Eayh2keW-6XPhCWiYVP?5SqKU^^V^AcNmd>|^tKUnO5K1kA<xq){z@
zm)%k9;?aUt-albnCKv6V0b@!q%=?e=t=4V1Zt71j825w6C4_fkPi8k07zrriuUoCd
zQ8zOJfj%Xe-6#MG*76G0iEZ`Mz$&Toch-R)nTs)5zy9CRUiw4zW8^5;vA-ZuQRd=l
z#{X~Vr$1#@CwOG^aYcUGx|#MmK?X0AOHPX&eKD$(XjL`M=fPl}!OV-URNLfCmeIdM
zO_m_8mw+F?qc>b#iK6l>SEQZwJw^%W)p)6x{0BKO1s5=E<ONbb`hQwb+r|-nshEOv
zj`Z6qsCewknws#CZedA*FK)R9<oKOnf$%KaK)xzP0Xj8(z9J>67l&sKiRO<<Bb`ZF
z+97;J*UT7~bGkbRf`ST>dl-d@dI>1{!`~BU<Z0}3xHb1nKR94VT;2)8f0YBs$S4*6
z=i@-?Q%@$G5~rWh@^>3&83xG9r=&AA&r%34xzG(fwJd+9%gq-`4JnW2V1=A>fyOnl
z{fFX|B9B5;@xg>>5x?kcD>%W7=@`C)iUid!(;rpR+dA8CH1e8L`;Bqm<EP27sd=>V
z$-E!iEUf>MIHFnS!e@(*3wSC!!~{XT)NnIHtu@UR%Bvn{X6b^H*yDEUUl<#9gbwCi
z(mpe6Up^?Hx7O$3HlJhnuY-bzn*&nld7V+bnDwnr#q=1g1|+{5qYI0BQ0ZcYS<2f^
zS5za1mhwJF@<uWC?fPENefU&oF3wGHz)+d%jcj}{$&y0p8WZLA2r$VKZv1bU00E~m
z)GDgw6AgFsd2c@_lpb-Kw`3+4Pf*U-gwz9O=9||J%*{-ooP|-HW*?10TIF32UthsW
zB?OhxK$mIo6Q7rk6LlZ*S0Y0!%dYi)*_n1ZV>u!IFI4cw2k9qp%Ucj+TcYFw4pplP
z?q8|AUTSj&aT`DoF^H^U7|WTwFiz~=a*vyj^E{smEufQ>ch-7GF;yCvLV2R2)5=0n
zN8{^uzCoW}wV%`NWUIiN<R>J6slW$nJgmLVvsW2gZkiF4ze73PO~2Hw;j&n&37HaW
zzD(pM#`0Ng%iMl^4OI{lzht3*pASKB;CW!Ao+GI;rUEKr3)00t3v=pw<HepMALjYm
z6ZFF7OBP!^8RX->TA99j(JwixM`L!YT4b<iuwe6j%xUDDjNoZ8`aT=K|HqP$Ut<5_
z!|UUc+F%VsNHIFHhlZ(LP8Fy${jG~VnuNfEDQ8m7C8jiq?ener)H%x~)^pN~ciB8s
znOZX3;0!=%K#e4Jgj<(-@37Yp<=He2K?t&=eV!KmVDt{3jOFMLYh*Njp)Z0kJx{}Y
ze@BeG^q)iorer?-ePuK1;3VurCh*Dd%|;_c*{}*Kt)EdA`<5Y7=B~6*1QYe_PScCV
zE&to1Hh|rouQ5mBVi=A`a`@L~qC1>ASy0Eds0Zk*%~`l)>f=GXN980UYHINuwm(Pp
zz`=oN_C+346fR{>s2-0L7>Z(*^0aV17U!aO_aH2y8_MIFboA;auo7YN+BsY%)Ok+J
zdVHKxS2^<)f>&wfRn9Pvxi10df(pM<;hIeA2j{%G@U-=<FxaFLbhFQuBu)Kr9xF`e
ztpM5Dz3xL@?5jPqX*az()rx>r;-iR5;Pv#wei>blVujtS^aSn2-|KuaW-=cKpSI@L
zh|VgR*qe2f`=qE?G^=w(G-dQ<dLvod$WSfYzVQ@BoAAAS(IOTZ*H^a7m>$N~hKK9K
zW>qvPmT`!6VVG-E*}B3H8_0IbpYkO)Fb9TM_+un2`?RknTLBg=$z#egb{L(&2_n04
z--l|vQ%-#a!hUZT@|NG#bHdCQ9u{WmpM_g7a!VuO{ghYti^=v%=*e`Jac+Zfk+Qcu
zOFaqHAQ39yKt%8llKTE`HOw=kUc3GFltVZ)KbDi@jcuVXg|(xjVz^XMx+%iqC~!TM
zUZMY(MYp^fw-KSPWrH_^Na}Gor=>z6aUg;mq|(Z7B@u#Ztb2_&Gwo|c0e|i<blqQD
zI5TC<Y})p$L8Dt~7t|YPvY=vigvW^#OKP&92JXOE)jVk4Rtp3Pqs=o)IG0HOjm2Ll
z8`>y2i!qZpvQ7=c#&k}o#?X)kGz3Cwixmz;s57uJ4dRq2#TNM)d#luU#RD;gJK<I|
z=(9k;8f6Whns^}YJosJfn^K@B<IMDSI6hS&&kNiU9-?xDwu=g+a=x*>9z=Y|5DPc>
zqBg-VBdUcE)!OAsy_$DHJp^S4wG2z8b3O)y7j+9J^{UP;3MO){Q2?tX#X@_e8P}e%
zoYONN344+QFNim&{&87Nf=O24s@+&R1sCT;l)1^O$V{ugVr1{i%(8~a+vq)G7-!Qw
zQrDF2(PZfP(!=XCvE^*=$u(5DguZmdX@<UlpVykfUg6u1C6C=P9(rs8>JY;thHxcu
z&azMQ?-J+rlP7;f0B_Il<KsCQl`Xpif*VKmF097E)nl9f2C?gL3eV4x+Bz0r9X(5x
zibOOsrm(OUxNXPv8WI!OU2kCoC(~1itm1~!PHmOA;MC3B%XyNm2~66;G=eu>-p5#S
z7gL3aoq5UrY;{$;vwn&E2l0rds<TIafU2p*aUv<DnwoY46?Sgw?0e{HmPFy@gxjyG
z<R07_@Wn<)qVTo{)0nk2u2p3aRGtqm)(37&>JJD52-)6!X4?cfF|~D-!f)F5_b})h
zhxD1<`JzqB?fSzfx*~^UnIlULZXmX&mf~SK8GIh1LDVCI-+c37Li$X0vKP&exfp1P
z$G*8~a=#k@=cmC`1ZK@=sGr4VH^jw9Vj0=Y+QXWsm*X7xi@VzUe|`~FqZ`H^&4^cj
z2iMS3xQI}gt?4>sVzy0?7b{uup(ngI%wYBA1TO&pz^2wOUOzaE0fiaeZ!UTgDYMiX
zhl@eB4WmJV!tYmNc!W#*;VR+Y``^7-&Ug_-G|`v<8yG+^8;#hac+WO-bFRpdy<Vbb
zlnxx6tjUWY<04KRSaYl5x767!y~fr~T|9x<khF44rgk4RqsJ<0$}!?K<aK|O!py5p
zt3{T?)_?P{=F6AOzDZ+~AE~hv%9k=Hr)V&wsREPhrocGi8q+1Vn&fX)EHE3oWf8L}
zwSx*k{-sPHby6whlX&1OJ-7{Jo@!&;!}6$SRl>r75Xv-5P*4t|O`~aIE3gcvz*|Gr
zpHSqK7({wW^$()P0O{CAY-G}o`>D#JV7k7plp#bn%<Oiz@bPz~Xw=w1`NgSenc?DG
zrcKpM0vSD-JO02TZUlnaUv9XTnf@wg$<YXaW-B=kfsvRc#g&xBI&;w>XycD;9^Qr}
z4h{*S<5Q$DCR%Pr`KXNmy8GI+CH%EOP`_|o-Z3f%KE&|%l(1pR58A$fQ7U?ZHVOz=
ztA28OeVH>#!H`Ru>l%~24T&HgOOpCTDw?}H>T;FoVTILzovZ6?KD$krUMg<IuM|Vz
z{p%&BXoU(D^n9^3TNshDP1OMh(pmZqrcc_aS6pQ)%!#nFvfcTcLn>`cHa2>?m?}NN
z?8i2~OWLU4Gh%%&($~*UV#0*cHb<T^IccrubZs-}sz{nGg-z&|vGP85g+bzWg@OAE
z5*GvIN4sL)^_wAOjP&DwnCZH0I#JdEG5Ert2>|XjsaR0FbBDmLACb`!hiJ3g;y|X8
z*pv9?Azp^D+Z4fl!scT|GxD+xS)O?8-fVCnA*S3@!>b#|8;wO88{M19pK?J0dLwV>
zsBVqWV@@@US85T>nYCByw~$d&APE~03Q^GyJa0Uu$YC^tA2>prCUM&4C6~(piKx|&
z91ynZe68Nhj5&_|uXm_3Mv)k0A79hd{v>82LC%e!HJs%+Lk~q<2*L3%>R!N#rrO=Z
z)1-E)8uq<L4T+z`kB5za;$`k{j3Ls|$U2K&HP4`w{Ma;IT+pjpC;x$RbL0c2`hXoW
zF1Z0WQmPI@J?5m_<g3BvznZJ9z*O9RI{k5!PfOKHq08L#_xgPsDB81AowShobBS$k
zn*SOld!}A5JnK%*6^7N+x4>Gl!V!OWKBVg?`j7KJ<GRw!t=%w;sggtSSc-5waJn`r
z$ybEJOFeU2G==mK)f_k~Bkrx2tV}mBC=4JV_i=a7#|fyLiURzGsu0UQP_|lvzj~GS
z9)X~XyVpq0+i5Zm<~Hfg{akb6^01%2*nE27Jz8>Z;7^99?6PFIsWE+CN&8z(Ratdr
zE<2bmbh4^tS{S>puT)P@qY<97)E92jmxitEUA^)gjxcUg6|+xgX{$@U6!b@CfSSTy
zK&nT@X#t4WZ!dvcP4MsstWY?K#u0yO*|ckdLdUwdoJdXfl^k$*-B0Mw64%*iTIvXD
z!gw{6Cnd#&)TJ<uGP_M-Y(}fb%67^hGhK@<*CcKZg|vFk5(oLjQPw4X6uz*b!fQ$9
z*AzA+{d@^KSlMX%v){vLvp-T@zoW3Sv63i;@P=GWwfAD^&0Jyt!O%5a{<Os`Tr(h+
z=X6JAzeLn)mo%FQbp%_68;K@U^xEyq8b2{6R}==(Pv}ENvQ5p)U7@>bv#Ioe0D&6v
zO8%9YZZ!|pec9vmjpFzI4mB{l3_V3YMRjG8_awh0KFq%sW}WFwiH71YNH1m{^sTY(
zKQbW4iPYYO{Y3->{+4ni#9KwG+jF>`)xMvJ?mZ&0$YP4Z=&)J&p;Y^WlHWm8%+WJ%
z)>;k|$ZtGV)=tQ!omg~xq`%8L9(~kJWf@EvDzVpEYL+IEsm>!v!m+KJf>F}Um%x`5
zuWQZg8ER0nD9ZTzJzCkSc4<Jk&&HW^ub1C$^K08tmH7ZGjJCr4#s@#8%zn5>oMU*@
zWe){V_~`lj;N;wBB1)9opoi`-@PT|Dqt1ey&Ywl5FLEbh(%Pf?mz2b2?7vJ5Mzs=$
zG!)F-G8hO2M22sSu*wcjZ8$c2u?$Sf4s{=hy`88~P?QZEY5quu&4lAj(od9{uiUF}
z>jJ0i#7hZ8E4f)O@=V3KU9jn(aQ|f}r@j|=d=)P6o#rv>fTJXU5$U~DP)zvZRH`!3
z7yJ3wqxTW0`XzSXP{z;lsInJj)&>&fS$wBtvj_)`9B@>MQ_`R>q@Z-R61XV1qc>xq
zX@=w-5J8ImW(7Tc+S4L<x#^<PyA}8p#D*@CFSiGjvDGGs28>+H-qhE1n#r%4|F#)|
zi1y6ka@t#^xsyRKrHJZ2A4~AVs!#(j?(GYAIIv|kB_WgLA9y?&@q-jhQ-96a65Qgf
z+iWU};32JcXqFWockru3^H6ojDLKo|k>T~tO$9kq8zTI`nbC@gG+h_9fO!Y6Buc!P
zE<FMD^<SD&TD#hxzShyrN#~X~x9Y9bbTWddJGM?I-Gsh>5U;r-&H|qP{f~_(&tjoD
z=He>G;olfT?%#O2lEd@?&PNwFt0>##sTNS+<nf&&?R-?25RsaZ1}{rnL!%jk0z}?i
zec-KgE%Dna4=ets{goVx>zhgC<NL&wlX>9L@)SfdfPu9U3`Ah4F<BqzVtSPaA&0>P
zsRGFSFwCc})Ub4?JYGr-pvfJjwj!GElj9`UbRI0Iy6g+JhUZ2f+_YpaGS!S=$HOtD
z(*+ky@DB3f%rc}moLF1JxbO!Ug{3Y>PgUHHvyD$0Z1>QOd+yV+9;{R*A#ov6pqwBW
zsXLUN($=}(TWb4xEhT%j5r`OmIayNi9gwaySsu^^vF2wSMtrQ1o|Y;X4*=_&0bQI)
z<8XWL&3XM>IC(n`zAt54JniL2-jeB;_)&*wOhd~oEjN!Di5M79OPZSME{+yn*^`y~
z^yQTf9w1LlQ|;<4-mX;2KL{Vt<kh))S>iTz?SrWB4<h@J8R3D^#(7%&w(&Noopblk
z;6KP%X;#wqt_m?w@(k|^1x+FcK=sZ!_poyenES5_ucy=8N@&sLWk<M5<3rZCKqF|A
zzN3B@Qm1Zf6zM5pOuqlrcA8u4qxj&yCIKbwoPP1Y0Qo@<Y}zIOlyQ6`r%OD59UA4G
z+jjf#!N>NAlX?r-^~POsIX?k}HUG1;y^nhm1Jkm59h^7e-Q-iv_iGYL&p)#=uGIV1
z4gisR8=tgig-#)Iu#>zUivLo$1c1!$&P>Raj}Hv1{-NRuW#yUk0mO%VLcWhU##>|i
zZ&O|cJhDCwWj)e8{V5DxeAaw;b@BpsBog;OBOx!kCyASI&;_;sAR`afokyLQ7Ex6*
zw%LlO`&H93pTy3q>a^TzysVG$;(<JHNvrrD1cW+`<#K^aBOQMHS%sZy`ZDBnWD{De
zMW+}R<tESMFTjM_KZwQl?lZ0=c<YVhbdFbZ2jBEvVql`_=k=#cI^;JUMr>E=z!I-l
zf9bRYR1Lf<pQLLp`M4Yn7u3;{=*1oDh-Ga}wwKh~j?d3GAQNVTp3(PutpB_Z_EuF=
z<Gdx+(6U*l34N|g$-2@4mO5W@LyHao;fz0%9fjldP2v8+f31mM)&NkO1rK_20<ejz
zT|=|E0kFCLv?pRtUsLP3>c!jj`R9vwyVJ&xwQ*Wdug_aSFM3?id8yyxW>)LDC@bTz
z-Ss)^#db<uE&T!2cF<cvVZW!kvoO02)Qg?9eNF+JK%~zXFc`d=3U_QAr+q5BCLTfp
zKF||-4WGQq0FWj$<h^e2k!TU33w=8$s{UTuu6Rzlk+bY_51uaBlKq3Yf<!2~caH$U
zCxF%UFN&SxOzJV|TGAg@4Gp`N@S!oR58ca772$E>Cq9WhMO<GxmHs5cQAP=KgO$bx
z)sDycp-N^^R_gn*uDn`jBx)I*ICS_39~k80@%RGPfs@>=gsp|9Q`-LM!aAn{N3W>P
z)P6aa@r<J74u7kfkZY`imm6r&jTVjNWyv}bL&>2KxNDSK0A1~0sC(8>v?uwlDgYCN
z4@`EaQCPy}w`jqBy<_qA?mQ#5D(&g!@Yu>6x?{F>?<w)<rkrjYD<o&WWVxgsxf~(j
z$g=|Qhnn7L#WX~P;+i(BIpJ83OEmhxp8oXTI25u~U7Y%GbId0f`mnE54cd4+>A-S9
zo#Jct&r8Exo8H#>9nWsMIZsj6XD?=fC?*9_&8kyH$-R<wd-eThbV&fuT5#gwr#M||
zh$a{8n>1;X9j=-^Y@X{ZTj{5LC)q(GtrY;_j8cwj32$z%%gGdCw9w??hAAAj;Tf<N
zuzjg_R**noA&D2a#Yq(GOOGg1Oq0#&w?&XqSGDiKJ>#YXnKJfUO<lMW2aMf_=Tf-}
z&xJgdK0HG4QG?5VC1*6{*|f^OfwI|>cBFC2ND$F4g<j9Nv_vp0^J9?1uv^mNc(685
UFMwpXwb07kIkkam;NQak0jARbegFUf

delta 131635
zcmV)TK(W8K#|V<i2#~}mFfC&+FfbrDIW93bF=H|}W?^D1ATlsAGA}SVFEKVPGBP?d
zH99mgvFu?1A4M=WHbp@-HAXl>FflPjL^(4wK|wP?GB7tZGdDOhlWYPVA4M=WHbp@-
zG)6c=FflPjL^(4wK|wP?GB7tZGdDOhlc)k@BsXGZH8El^Wi2x?H8U+VGB7hOVPZ38
zEn_ueG+|~iVrFDHW3w;=JOKf<lWhcc7NfHk;$(ERq!9oD0s#UA0|EpF0R#h+`2->a
zL-CT*vmgcU2!H+idaJ8P%01rx?_G5-HdlfLJV7NaE)kCF{gr_%Yc_jEbW%;ouT>;#
zA{1_X`we;dFy9|GMs8zI+A6Bzdl{$XlH|eU2a64&ExAbnN#n+y=yB@r*`+6(Zjph&
zwf>6J=<By1cf@O2d}o=C@6I_EzU=wm{IpT_)>loH8-F#O&4aPA?<TZWzb`W*wVKDd
zMXNWbVyvidqp`R&)59fJT1fPOYu#$|*(2ujT%AE}qtG<1I46=kIg)GnkS>Sf9E~A?
z8EMzIjVkeCw<FPGrrn9dY6|n8t0ulg829%SyAR&beO2i(r4s_+SdR-1!Yj@7Yy{8F
zl5NFU9e;q17FsITmPWL}gIp=^=((Oyk~R)C@SP1N6_v_5m388$Lt09D1QtO>6;QUT
z&?C@(md&%tgy%;5$o)TfR_0Ve!pZldHwU=rYs0~i_|wOcAH5R>^p0cMUg{Z=cv585
zBv417*FNoG&ofFh&pQM2as$DeUsb4GPZZ=yhkuNOD<llW_W^&hn9hUc{$?^fEaPeI
z3~KI2^=S_g1~U)%YU=cYY%}_2Bu~>qpL!-LeH=w&J{X7f17q93%vnd_VR|>|S&UP>
zCxolG4)v`p{BQf_9!TKG>U}H!0LG)^doF0LQasBjNgY7<S%=eIRGMA66Db6?_P7JS
ztAD;z?xnlQt+)zJuhUZO>H$f%;8*Rf?xcg}U~{17{oQNHbh#vpsN=}(rtk>hE7x_V
z+XBcmAd!DatT$J?xpih1NoU;P5*d!R(v)?%P)5AznI_GK6&tpr@D>M$Z7;dxlomHS
zRaG>FW(mPoBU=OXR507N);GN$Cfb4TZh!hIUlAhu)hy&s0YM@@0{ZG`Y}=Z|=mlI%
z%AQ$ODh<iDwIsWqK=%PmK%?4sZtbXGcXrWUDJ{4$sYwD~dWi|<)aQ!GM+Q^?0@&(B
zaxV5NMeH@TOI}mCR3-QU!mo_GS-0FRjmnFfm&~Nrg^_$D@UZ{`PT_T|%mjF13V+d-
zzlalK-D*>QAU85eZ`>cYmU#h??7qT$Jh=AIl<I`qH$VPp>Li5=7%js>e%d2-&aHAU
z7$c8|`)dI`@K)r4FY2bgeo0Qz8mR-H8&uk{qCk>kIX!=>O05e@0yc~lZS>MH$&-=!
zWsHGAV7;C6Fs#g1hL_f%3hGN(jeiBMDwG3S28g18z9S~#;n!^nS6lcKZzHKSDYUYk
ze##qd-r8Qrfuo2$3-6FKY!*-{oKB&a5lEwxY<JXc2aPCLDJ6JzRnkI)G;Dod+HEdG
z$oEmlkr^IBH$Cle2d06Q8n1)^FJfqNXH7kX&d;{{0Rv0bUPqK}cDWi03x8C@$3oLk
z`j3Ei0aTcNS-!QXs4W`VKq?K$?x>O#Y*r*GARR!`v+~H`!19=zsL=4Jw}cRMq6zkR
zZE<c?BYS8$@vX8>0xIopHzuOQ17YarQkpuFEn}^!!Qljg7~fl4g&==Hj4e^^%bhUk
z`E7lCG%PKSk`x3eu(y325`WRX)QbW&^i(}Yv@^u6tF$?};jWrf5o;RpCX!(Nnp&I3
z&d!D<jwT^T4+u4FV-QT0m|JNho#;CQDLP+Mtsf&ND<r9!?YDujA5~TsL{cSy$i(Q|
zir98guz(mt_)n^#V<23Q2sYD|FlEOJt}6m~c#Qx^OkoJI=4h7q0)I$`Cu)MW3V7EY
z$6IYbWk}m#2-f$b#korrwTR$F={SL=-XvASUyhcoY$QJ>r?g&>$eG>QNgH{90O4Ag
zApC@6E$$E3Q)z%&l=yu$Yga#%RFlMaRbo^lYiRsNysBWSDJuAs@u1BVjUn3l9YWfh
zcz^)w$F{1#Z}n4541cHcijNQ^9vtgHuISfNqf3!lZa^gkt{9WsTKWi+cft)-xCjFS
zeX2>fe;TG-MX}76(Rp@WuI#MW9hGdEBRFoL>!tm)xdD_Bi`iId^-&xV5)~VWW;UXv
zN~Ai;742&m14<m>QBhUHTIB6F;&@d|v1p2hX(UxEZsE>|1%I5ah&plQK~@39n#X`N
z%qb+2X#ItWq|r&>WTb7tX=@%@)mdUFG_fFQestrY1K%IRRVf%!Zlv4csE{y~e>TnT
z?mMdMljWx0DI^;Bh}T*nj~K>XnS{ih!%eomFR(Ex7?3SuYgtd81q~WF@os?)wIcde
zXMmXOyh$2W@qhDhB7q~7W%CqRm9?+kRq7diK1^b`-e{XbH*oK$O4Fc9fpv)73mp$-
z5mk}e+KXEBj7-MYW3HS{6;@E_NjBE^Ce=-IV4oxirH0}-8fzE>Cf?f*X`maPJSo1K
zqD;uwjoE&REbs`@{Z7GS#*eb+*ezKY_~f=ck^o}JEPtvw+;goD)e>HK*Wp5arj-o;
z0MhWJ0__yG9@9lJMbww89O>wCF)=Z}<~V-kL#=G}JcPu;l3oN2s6P?VQauM8tdq!i
zD-gYxW4WzLeyGa4v0^FF2KV%y6%jX&QSdNHCsV}gY7JV3$Bw?L=p>_-Bu0YrIkJk^
z=#fnbn|~U0DIhm0c<VyL!L}o3IQ+oiAU|{sZ|kjm+a`PyjuXZ&SZ}$bsyaVzqj5fB
zxI{(PmynrR52S1MRwi^lMr`qL3hi$}*0!g#d9lmzNUiER8YV|bIo))EKP0NjD-UJ8
zbvstVZ}g9Pv3J)Xx;IEIfi`5zt0@qU?rmDx*?)=C;EOHSa%~8}cH6`B)|*6&2b7=$
z3t*#w7OyG#kEo=gE}t3PvDv0Si;~q=Z(|pOFDD{Qxte(z?ERbo>=e6LXf-E*9BMZ0
z)eh6y$kV+jEQ;*I^Hh+19IH#)!n3Rf-8}8%p_)9<+e(9b+qSpjOW{E+@40MiA1G~*
z9)HF^O>5vEGp90fF|oJTS#LR|ZPe-6uZ`@4Bn4bB;*Ec0dKt%?)8!+U*;oGnHDOFV
zZQomcHT>)}R{O}&H>7Z=oF+Zh#0=Y8E-60j@iHGxuSoP+8aXExzW_Tf4KxdwG4}re
zHa02zI#FSPAWeukl1c3+ooQ7yX_z}S<$na%;yibMd-hjXS5t&fmAQ|DdJbkc%thh;
zYWt_Ry0Ll(S0`=`OL)ifT>atjp8E6v(!E_=3bx{pF_I0V9fg4hjq78lvJ4<pgJ4PS
zq4j>BzS(hJ>TfEJW8xJaPx^C_j@w$qGX2&DuB~{aPUPCt8i2`j7e;f=O+Sdz-G489
zOcBq7>WA#3^=1D6w!;eh#g^l^Qn+D>5Wb8&NPERnhfzbVjgF>5;wpXTVeI2U>9P3B
zciMxMKb<5=@F$3VBU(K%ETEqAOGGO<W8kb&Ng&ZcEPa)Y8WRgY-fyj|PpA^O46DXM
z5PHtFn+)o*m|NXaHSDMzL)l_MxPNG)LEB5@;Nx{jTFd0+MZlgTvi+)P%^{b2TH9_A
z9^Trd4j^2K&c0gh_G)NSv&5}%dA+Qpql-F{tUJX`a^v~Cq;_D=NhBWHpiP9SVsGw~
zTPr7mT`ZKn3)iFlFPXj>FkJYdJEQ%^{f4~N%KO@m(M;iGHXdAAOYW((fPZsC#+B<e
zXi398H(Z6-V@ST}kyc+t?hPTmntr1vKP7_t&4q5w8fD_VSMbcf79G4)))p$3`R(hq
zlq6(+Az4x4ITdA|=6(~tHhd?B#!%jap|4NWg`tjaCI<%N;cp4AE0uN2l#h!~ReIR1
znbQH{Wscsve%hVS%F0?EKYut6o|VS}#)c~Hk0gauU5_tCR1GU-povD?B0s{w{Wa{m
zzmKM?^17dGc*YtU_BjX5=s~&cQ|z^6xvfTwY=uG*T2urLK_{J4Y+HkgBNn$l&s7M=
zyn@=ERc|GDYy^5uIEAR3whB|`I~#%l_Rt&x>uV1|qhv%-5}*Jrp?~k7vJteMd#cnx
zoSkq5hz9j|fD!^b`B5XpW&npkTEqfs!AvtKau0gyDL26m3#@(uMfL5VY$uI~2Ax1!
zCTo%n_~=EcGVHBj2GVI)h%=c+fN5b=S26AiFL7#Mruzlb!(B%jURB!cIDu50;93>6
zz|z93R00Ou>vK>w0)N^L$}QJhavhW~0;)q_pCM8a#=76pS5|Gq!|SHk9&NwMH$Bvw
zjX`%2+QU(M_SXd<n~g16A1OFC*w#IQsU{qtcw>9|DDpuJNOo<t>cST~?bDIHTm$A=
zfw(p|<xD7Dp6~~<oQMQbyjME`zay<ch4&U9Sl;59U8HKm)_-e(T|srXrlxq0gbD0r
zTNM}W=Uut>1OQu^rpkkRGLddnzR(nab>nJs2cozE7j67EzoON|hk?i&K-?^Qsrazb
zqm9Eii4^ed6&V<4kVzqPWl~N36^ratsnqe?7S|;9RG65GC8H~7+^`yv!p8K;i;sP5
z+zBBg8v#@*z<-`*-09bdTv@qLUOP%b)Y^q%4fKI%WZm%(s+u+_B7=JZcvN&a9#|&W
zZD-cv{Hgh{<VYRK1wxw2-z^JI1^`v^+jqPMl@TmP!Pt*Mqbi0;0qw3x)o)-e%B{E(
zQVo2Kq`NRZm#SJXF!+y`Z4J*FVIyCYV_;6dT|{vs<bOu2ps7=F-%3_`1ZV^VG9N9A
zF5PZ;Yf_Au_hJ%2`dRO%qKzz3#W7SHd>1|D^bC~-G`}-Wu3$|>glwgF$_S%djTmti
zc;bzc{(2!JP)@X>5CIk!?xF{W;U~VGmmsNGhlq>ru|6TK>u08iJvuFx0PeXyn#GZk
zhzJM(Ykyn)Ab;B9^tabjZ-{Xhc($RtTweOs4&FCi+^@=;kyL^WyXj^~nXYYmNsNOj
zJ{AJ^9O#lPQM&oAsc~=(6&5`-29fJ6X=2^OZ`(;_jLpeSv$u#9xhrmWHMJN9IKlV@
zVq~#q7Unow)#@<%cb$m@!a}8^8d~*s(GxIdZGS+gO-BlhwGW8E02mEzT8+_(1bKtj
zw2poe!;SYy9i&|p3urmigqY2W+fIw97NHDDM*t0IY*M#32W?d&LlU2DQnMRE10GPt
zitzWX%C<T@Ftk!L1uRW~CdWz=q6nq1)c(rIaKVXPEl0{lqCJO`3BBSM;qOrLepeO~
zG=I?eN8;yRSV@ryH{2MG1ezR~5<1!3k={+IDs>6wURjjJQ)wO|Z|ka|i)V|CP!%i2
zs@krGt`>vxVI8Awp$~{2%BI6>-t`C$^j~?6hZ<$@vI4V|vW3@C?c+}ii8|z3E8Gx9
z<u?G+EuD~x6_{;n@}=T*Rs=5QI$P64n12^5;2@47)Hs}^HHC&%S#}$0Z^xBubW|TT
zeripRs<JmWpsj!$4wbLaoP5Aj?~qQF8=n?5z<#28=d%1LgYBrm0s47Y1Z|soU$9U*
z@!iyC9)au?psGyx(58Y|Pyy@Ko|H(QEZx9~VZ=de2D`WSwXYqYkaBY-pNM8VeSZT%
zUc0Kz^4&US8XdbA(%M&y2}^5M#>!fl!oxGlvbeko>a2TM@Du~x$CYp4qNhTQfU!vf
zx2JWg?`U1YAfh1HnULGvZNt_tK*~O6PsN+>Cx-m=r(*vAc_e3qvESAyBn0&N;XGk`
z)(=K)Oj^Cb<*AUS!FG@UJvHgE;(zkc7XD!XF&)E&X7p@NG$u@g!xx4=_V}w$E_ktE
zdF4A}j9i+Erj!-GWbKXycVFu3)3I!t<jrvs_I9!KSBD#kEa!8vyD{cXG1M}o&&zzN
zNd>e;_*8Hd4ShA$w_g?4iOk%yuTS)3EjB|A3V@$Y>piX(_N`8Wj*MDP8Gi}6eE`~)
z{{Z^zY5R5m04+sx&|Qyjh*P~4!4k*X1AT^pogIs>!*NyU(rw8__<>)xvDazzI<(#H
z6D3N?Zp|tFkuXSS2aH5YDO~m2AwIgCJb6iJ3ELB{-MrXwrA6gX-f1k1VK9_Qk!uMY
zm0r%;W`T$TM94ntx7SN`K7XO|>E%R!Ir)#eJ8N{fBZ;x!Iv<UF?VNu1!|ATCC$DMa
ze_wB=y05^WB0C5+U~U+31Xrr)omb~#FwAY05b+O;d_(Q8EmwwFV3j9@w#ym1p5Ei!
zYOPge1g8#9cn@z1&z=^=EQl|UHTM1nKX=zg>Dlph3}G^8-t39ZTYs{f*s`IG#lg^u
z=FMC)RhVWEP)2bIjw0rXj|ZCp($glYYT1#pN+Mz6Uv>T<dDBtGe7)dWMO{eXMOwm0
zH!U`7$&I|(-R)z39m2Qplq_A`s}l|~Td>~X_t&7uU&{(bh&Cds#wTX`u_57d$JJS1
zCS`dgO>M+?R-R$Jq<?$>4{Z+-Z5chLvzRnX0*IvJu_EmmxdVv;l*lLgX#f>$mnO%u
z^`nxXChIDK$l6FdFG%$n1d_%R+zYr{hO{?{DvE3&<%psnYhlKxs^BIp7}75pEq_TD
zHF-tTZ#E%)rkVXvK${W)_Z6G!0*W^5yP9s{M?)6XHm<I&gMXa#->35oxW6vv#|DGF
zIZ-ph<Ie6h8G%Rt08tOxE6?=YqluW3{la#?px3L-gXS?Vg6|O$$Nk<T)+-CI8_xz-
ztFh%XRE&o|h}+a_(f*v9ei4lEiN1!`v!=&MBFWurj}jik#;y8pUAa#c^pQT5)|H&q
z{{U%m54aN#mw(r!g5D5Zk3$QJ&2R*=DEqF%*lW>eL9?&NJ+zh*Po;b{izW*Uch3w;
zyo?H4mH5?G%N>y-r-83qj`!#y`r113XN7vaF@A=lpO$HEaPBl_#Jl1LZHVA%BaP6u
z?Lh*-o6%$1umaUnBwzvoAe(Td%mCz|aKQc@X(>qt!hhdwXk=K2zdL<YjNpUl0@Uik
z=q}bAt==izKsKd-C$g1rO^G0iZyd5LB^6HVj}`Q_ThNp>a$;>Q#<HceF#}P4b)flf
zQR66}Y6%ylOj_KXN#rVPi5n=W0Rxrw6jlX>k+9OkvaE5LJbj&&&6SpbAa+$8w5P6u
zA!3w|41aBL+-h1}l_g7%!-%lbuk#t2esgMVT^``l5_d>+ENER}jkZxYUgVpNXz|UM
z<l1NOgT&gQyyY92$Ea1peqQp%_P&&xT>&OhX3V%IX4-h`N62|oZ<Uf-{`ZT8Mmj8j
z5(Vrid9Z~j5CMDNzKl!<07^-H%-e}No;6@&P=9v<Sl-sE#ko^;t~CdSl;n6FMqslf
zB%v2l2-H)0ixI9x7{z-9Hau#l%fGm7&efzkXHz?WBT=c;aIS8b)SBdDdNmq-G`yGa
z#3vj<6`6b?h3sf%%Ao1O)~Dsb&4w0|c=jTIE=V>f(MXhHw!WOrD)lMGAZaq@jY5ox
zQ-4hrNg|>8gvD7KE>pNzt@I<X&{)ZjC@4W?7X*vYWMd@8N4DnF+d)kro`)e8J*15*
zL(GxD+*ZR;VOfCkx30A#>j4p0<sxm02IGBg&Wk4W6pP7|G#~)N#C#y1rj}_Wc{jTq
z&BeQD`B?`lQ7MgL7Pi&By)*;3*aM}FG=CjJLq1Fh%?ytiEvZvrPkkON{P|@_-gjt;
zvnf1%G_YbKF@4?Jy>v`OEtd)nH#II`Frj>4n|P{${o$pp#<b5u&2m^3P+M@;p!6Q0
z@h7x?%9p80;6+FJB7HwyMmRq+80|(h_w+8L1($8RE-F8w^)=L5{h*3bhtzVgDSwcp
z<dN8yKH3IS*&_$E{Z*p9BdG^3B6)<3xA5@x(%nNHqj;c@6l)f@I(5Qb1pUt(M9hH1
z6H9}~Xur0G1<3&MtH^;ifNy>`u0*(Z1OkHe<v{#eaL9FKYc{6btI>2g+D@3EZE(yr
z^w*r<E57E`k;c`f(>l}OL}2o~z<*e<H?h`+n@~&WYrjmHuc*1>tq=M{q4xz}Z3%x=
z#!ZehdYk(y=k-Q1?cD>7+%*+2#VnWUSsS+~)NmKlv%1_edGRAJi)Y(f(f**umNsRH
z!Cpq%n#st>e5uT`9~S^S2W1Nkr7u%AB`vjx+Bj=hhbKKyEIBT!1%Tb49e>nJ)g}>b
zO~t5iq`Pzrr*4%~fW(#^Q>hLaQe0`NAF`N^S@NKFo!VIq)H`-|QZT%JWBG_rX%y5;
z8H70makjKDgg%`!s5C&T0vT<@RR>7VjxfGo4tJ$iO}->|9iAggo}tuZATCUnx5Y^*
z6OrjLGU7%L699E5vr5KrH-8(O+MYd6sUHW-$ayvGYZ_UUmnxt&g~_*VQosUcEN<Q-
z!(Pf8fOHA~tuc;;R>PG;V~byC(xqJ%==E<?H6d<Rw-ZE2_A71yw{WIXGFriE<psUL
zaZTBYBxT5jNK<V%*Bzt~4TZQ1)2_Rnd^WMJnlwU;)(dhj1wSD`ihnBt8BLjZ8erz;
ziw`uOV?kZD3zD`Yk*G1LdjU<f^+DqrFii4D?(((SfVr(sgb-%}rsScyq!uCO5o>@2
z>sO>jvn36=9cf*!7uXWXpVXAg)udmE?etd9N{i3Q!<UqBHT^2vYbES@*}kL9WAs-4
z0O{0WizJP}GbCra_kTZ4E4ZrcO4auk{ZBrS;}5)du<jZP!L>WqC-eG@$BLoYzuo@Y
zQ4yqZ8VkE<1yvMP3~Qxf38SAWwGk^UWAPEk)mj}p^LkE9BZ_YNw+gT6=uBAoFi1gt
z`rC%0yP~$tnep521OEUCwMCq}bSY?qG=qK|{EdPB@U>PL8GrNV#sKY^bv>Q*DM1}L
zcEII-g{yO>#JfIZt)5jLowW}O@EpL*Q6w>>QHv@7qP&mlZm2S{K1vq65FgAVgFk2Y
zYiso%R~<VO%835}s>ryHwHNO{?5`1VZa3{UdsO_-(2Fu%2Ob83d^aTNMY%lcarVA$
zJSBH-k#`R3)_>%H^F_4=-h*2`DnN0u9DUY!Pp?r%&x|a)K(Hd(P$4@almTxomO<(^
zHJ<A7qcqvKj^ZuUlG7f?AK6*B&*aXIe(MYRjcfHGaIfF=8bcEV&yZckp;L4Ck7Z%A
zn!`HxoHb)jqFkAL!>mKy9~Xb3kG8_BssI+M%IgvrbAM$VO=()Bp&YlnvzBJ$bqI0f
znjn8P8-?_W#dmoeyPLaeO&2zJ=bfZQ8vXuemIR93C`K*hy>(Z0buc7VtF2RNWQ=tD
z=`b=x>*9^Hnlbm6w0Da3aLpXiq|q>F++A3672!MUU!e67jW5c|ZI3DN-~2Z}V^({V
zl`B+TTz_EnnOMt{806`y9{Nq(tP)>F0D?Q~MNPD%`i4IE%&W+Fz~(!BRgGLYWm!rT
z#E!ro`q_<ct03aMd)BfsUuoFd0jjw7NHwmFvmKk^Qfo^Yp(*529!uy+{gh}H@JDZ5
zC6O8VbyLLK+G&hp(Z&<*6UVZ%;Ak|<<{=I)AAgAMuQw!OJegxwERmh7e$F-NT-kL0
z0Kl&{4)>A%Cu8)|oHI?O?kxmnOw4HQ#z0S@d{jTwa);{sJ_wW#UZ$JrX}_vP_z|1z
zrSmaUDs246;}e98`UO_oizfLGbvJ}%S5alho)t!wY_bcZax^OFPEK>H*mNwvKLIbR
z#ed*$R|@g<uljQ+N0|8R))Ot&e-hMgsjp$zQQXK3Cn6QpJ=uK>FIjyyVFq+AbQ^{J
z2TI)PZMC;)xJGY!^Lz+Bm6q03k)^mEhduHeI7(w82$7K_wug4SYLUhz>5#&H{`-1$
zHLHlLnbLsbO6mL5jvyjDSkEoT?5Lg`hJTh%F|Py1oqEohW747rfg1WRURF_QqyyqV
zU3y$&x1xFxt4rvK4!t@vxq&-*TCM#xcG~0*O?kmCN0Q7XWdMK|aTGRrh#RG2f5c55
z9YrJkVlj-yH6?=pZ+n`_W3Hr|4JyoRc9U{X6IIh*Vy!3>VH#gJDG{u8_<8$i_<y0;
z3o+1;JE$1ZOEQrX7O~dcuT4W7koaZ%w!O$b^qgpc9M|y!#8(xt*VR_?$=q&RalV6v
zS?7$6p<d%l?b805m(Z*Sl|Lbvau=-mq1&~$TuEc-tyu^9R{hKU6^$lCKEOa5I8v<e
z<~(Lgk_Cmdx%#T`fECYWs6pA-7Jt)IMN4^d5!+Y8B)5|6#zZ?*k;v5Um1DNiU@S>B
zcz_5yD$)zaX=6Z^8yRk^ZU9<`)DT)WCe|ljbjA#FF+07|pslF0$hhpG;#rlsHzQN|
zgMo|^#>=QC`kNZ<`2yi&WmOzEnto29j;H;MdUw#|&&PP#Mj|HhZNrGaI)Ax*i4<9~
z7!&6>w=L$U<}xfuoyT_bM20Zxbg;ds%a0Hq?I&eA72}KwwDYp~rDsvZGZHI{k_O>T
z`4JIqwa<?p(_v#rlH@NIFC&QvW?ojc`zTvWHNx=aL}c4)BuH($lYNy~NLd%Nfy05T
zi`d_?h*b7*uC=eFCdQN0h<}l!eWa767(jN8;zj*cNCn*7fGjxEXt9#OI01D&y(u;!
z8B=3z?iEztn<Pfs%5D#3sM$a)_CD=}1@@6-2K@D+bSg2aqaW%Hri!C-u;y84gY_R$
zH?WM`wQX4zZ3S5Gu^hSS*-j9RQTmsto(mta{@RiHm#FaB7qI@?$A3}c7p4w5I)pZ)
z(p&_QqQ9zhMy(WQxL&g|^JL7*ITD*Y8(3%n90hlf#kQL#VRK<bUYz$<^CC9<VvlIx
zQ-Hn6<4hsMWj~oPBw4&FN7qFiK5N^|ir4tZI!#H9$Rq%yj@@X4^crNXjGhv9@E7A&
zXq$H6b+xFN(X`X7Xn)EHy@}9Pg7nOzt<d@yQf-Y#6Dl|)R=Fnj;wmPM$lOV?_SVPr
zyrOgq{8YAn2242ZBd7|txxZ~B+=e4kFjI7Hw>P-CK8j#L-@=2^d}%0cM&W;DGcLg(
zL<4DUy!54QSSNulsUF;GgZG7IC~>CiU%s`vq<b;$SP)oP3V+JiL&sez>G2cPBSqz#
z5=$OEl<qhO9c^*Pg(6+uu170ywP|Ca`4nI^C57oZ;!}<V89yzKybY^8x2q_<$sFrW
zMSmgePr7S8mMf`dHylSQDkgD~bqsHA-319|aBfBKq3xo1Xyl06<ki;?iBn|*v>j>6
zT8a(aIB=OGaetE=5TfYBXlbL1j^K^Zkb4OIwd67&^4zVp15-i(@;cQ0wDOosJ%Q<v
z9t|J2`)j|YCnk^o03N#XZnn13e$Y=ktD|wXnD!HDJUWE4f2iRIRRZi{TzFUB^!h0b
z<zSKTTX?v7scamX@Qe9Kj$eyC$@E^QCqE-BppjGsH-8&@X{xlxJjsEhRsoPW>^0do
z9yq{TavIYS#TvsCv9VxHt=MY09#@pWHQL%~N`1rNFN&`DDy~JFO5MfBF-aLV(%@U3
zmFJdO5>3iLWwo@uZD92*iDXD-R3qb2W5SE4t^pY{9lcqbyq}`IQ~+S~qz$K+8D{<B
zHyXl^6n{_E)ON5f=o;3i>KXjJBN))iLi)IxEuR!mGtAtvEO@ab`sv<|SLc;T1hSB%
z@-&qj0rqtacICd_-780<5vS63N1c%o=X2~dDBI=w&v9};ijNTT`q><uu=a{utErDP
zIOE}A=@p+I^)G>;94R(b_)ZB{aW0%T@i+C>ynop^_|Y_yxQ-~r$vOZBDyA$!RLoaw
zlK{*Q5G|muJ^HgaFixC@jh=7*QBhUo(i3JTW^?r{*>fL*9kH*%gMgtG1ZzT2Q~Nkk
z0|wz;Q5q0*Sd-*VkU(zF+rSQHwz_5-VisFoP{1?uI?|m4{{Y>h9Ef4<6{o7@%)O@m
z!+%`c_p-9D4NkAy(yq3AU|Xq;vW`|XvXOR0@dr`~@3lGA7jq4~#my+O$X+#xd}P^F
zbFGwkoVr<bVJ1FwFvPmaAQl~faVDLL0U8L`fU6u7#Sk$5WyqELcMcwaXpB`9vl{`a
zCb6YbSUNX1Jo_S!=@J)nwG>>FUT>)N7k|ustKor9g?oF=TdH*?%ahBD+Z|4yi1yMo
z(OSk?&ud8)TVAYcI8_owtE;bFK*H42RMir7b#-+io|~a{Uzm(y&fn@H9u_}+dwn9d
zeLO3`tGsTqMs~=C>cYK$N9s$|G49$=9+EHA!?@NPl#HV5ZVW6?ranQ9h2fjrzkeg}
z(-J9)2@oF(SOM8{QzT0)WgAQIJi+8>D?7^*Lm>S4NZvjrA9#9dQ<N62L1YWb9DJ{P
z3M}vBm0-6VSa(n&m1f9C8d~6k%9>^KCbMdrY<t0}(^9wy%a`RGh__zLx<6kk&5T(9
zr~0H3!wB1}NWpL2Ne&dP91XUXtbco=f%6#>pSXcX)@gD-?Miv&Ok3L2Y!>pmZe~X_
zy56B`mX68OalRD}!|AF*Z`>=_$c-`a$0gi;s>i)O`hso!MbsT5RbRB$XnN?Pild&|
zgsVd_$H<Ezc*NnoT>gp}V0qVZ1acyq5$xv18JL+F3$FFNAG*5zHRZ^-HGk`R1mh#5
z<G&KCvArs7UVEtH`5CiBI0m}<8(QbvaP3n^ly3f)n|>3-c*fsBtIB~h3XK(SZ(g;X
z`dU(%lEcZ;<I<+JI*}3NZ}^a(;jHex?Q<zJ$1(ibFU^|A*It|4=$h%^`s*ViHBOSI
z-X~=v(#Q5zwtwaHbxvn!t$%Fi$GHf=c54*BhmA_Rg<YU&sM4S-IUsR7s_?}mgTZ6B
zjmRHeX@WsAmu<(1sM%tBDc_TrokI5e!l+^>_BI?l^`+#80?JxD>@1}GCe@*XHapE1
z%*(NMkn%R9A6+EjjDTEe*fg#SsU5UDpgkb|kIy_?or?a-g5RgWv46`4``@ru0>q{w
z1-R?mL6LS941`#FYE@S-$-kMA(mqmE#hZMkNI`OMUUZH}k8Khm;3I~&HP$3?0QOT#
z0PB!+KC?_kV-s_^<3Vm6-1Mh9T0u0wEh{RlhemE5ihKd;L~k0V((9*vbIBQu*~hlG
z2kGn^-*jL2{`GPFKYxMoMgIVgT}-Z_AUa%OkTMWgVBy<K^@m91L|}Jq-EqR#t&C2e
z1|VgQMA&!$MxRY$exbL{s;dKN#{+(KDN6|vnbJ!YzYcUi2wo<vHBoLNujMgQ-&ddq
z#7)tXHP?+FVX485ypwBt-06^xIS;0@v&l<AZHAz(hL~ukEq`%fJ1Wv8t-u=_(gPw<
zsHX8+A17nJ({rUOklsC@YB<p`^ZbR{*zwEW*S%`=BZ&qxd)#|!3bNkhTHG&M51$$)
z{{WSQi(ic|KUGN;p%}5Lac$~N#rf2yJO>Q}!Z?j145u-Rcul$1ipA0SWe@y%s||w#
zrxR1+BbBO}5PyE6(Kb{0EFL=mt=pvvFfXaFwv`sS)N`u>Mt}<%9*_vA)%Diqi6Yn%
zJL)1+y>2b7Gv*Cc<Awm+cC?$xLUAe=0!Ju0wXbhg7D?oe!U@^bbG5#@8I6U>1Z%>k
zMpB^_Y(cp<r}&Bpl4+(JWOB*aK&k+@791+cuwTpsj(=9J@CG}5-dE#CK!S{@N$}WL
zcyt4W#ZA|Dh!VWOt2u?NBMc9Hr~=It7B+qyHK3IWE(?2Wopv3j+KwWii`v{RN2q!b
ztspu(arlo4u`I+ZNZU^x#F0=C-q*Ep79<ihrYJRfLaMC0TY7>#R<|l?*qH+WExTPc
zwFjUfcz@*zH)=R~D^$Y&00Vm~J8H_ojn*~A2E*SP)+sDahaOevy4p9%S(L5aY)G|X
zqHL60-(4xy;32nwVkxvLr(Qg3a}FsVrp09^#MiZAHsZ~+o+iSyI)7Wq!i6zXG-TXP
z=Dqw>+HDAWOm+}CWo;Lq3dTkYleqhX-skjIrhjK#$(tFW*oq|ZmKUsZ3WgVPuC$UI
zviWST%1{6Rw+m3vF&rw<qO<KL<B6s*U|Az;KHC$<o)!m~k#Lf2I%(TbBP0Swx?0rS
zuo&atxDnVXb>Yk!QUn}{k*vj74k45piDqev?o~jy_eFudb4R$H*C&a+SIJ@l14B<5
zhJQk_MPCG<>8R3{AOf~JUW&d%YEnqSa&8*-wFJF@0eoD~Z3zQr>?#f(IZzIaE`2pz
zg|spY4HuP9Pt57xDI9roc{0XG3PH7xeKR6r<Us9-Fq+_@w*XCM(@sG?2cB7CQbUt-
zZ7oh=%@N5>hg*#;YC?1|&SPy^4UM}+6Mq$%W<mzLwLZGhq|}7u^gTWsbs1&1xR&*r
zOZ61nvLc6)DP!qs*2CHir<)Kj+ogGqt(U*3OxC)F+C2-UO*3x7U@mV`tWsFqeb-a;
z*I^`?vY6r)0B&YH1p;h_g_$HxRM?Ti;<e)f>Utd0<#kBp<Vu>*lL2yij4s;82!AZY
zwBN!jH>jU5V$3w&ihiSBixFGO5;(KTW+Sk26@%beO#Ha;@np%9f(-|0<SXa%%O*t6
zJf`wUcN*ILP1Js8E9E0UlLx=v{{Y!oY#fl0jnX-?j`LdW))c-ZGK_6QBjGkQ&TmSe
z4pAG;c?yPYJUa5FS!Y3ZO~8HS*MI1%O+6Si_@TawGso5OLkos`U(zelWiHO3<AvCd
zQ5EL8baITCGfI&P$O4nh-n~at8*@YUg>PkZ{^co5>HVwAT+qI7yh_L6wZ${jFpNv*
z%0D&7gde)Sp1O=B`KB)G`7p5vem1|<D@xSeu#tmNW+&8qIIjHTD&za48h`U0W2zj6
zIQZ@PBi~{7yN7i-`iH8Sob>!g@UQ!c2XDYD5X2N&d2+3G=?YmEw*&}O*BXk@ld26(
zRFgm*T~S>?!&KB%(<JKZ>Y4_19}6x_ER>!;S}^26;t!^QU2Ew{sRQ0YJb4i$(Ho<S
zkJ(h7G97Xw9ys)1KJp$SynpZM{-kl|`8m(!N_-4?KlazDu4`4+#;M8>ghn%)W~x_m
zp5soc*~@YxN>$<VGE!9^mP!8WAF$J6)h&(;uCmvf82bTZ^-?#mzhyDhUw(V`MykHP
zCYF%eCOy<X2K#C%Hsj0vJO|#Hhx~0#*f&)R${2!*7Ge)4r{erlC4a|q4aTgpZJRqF
z{lUl3FI0@*7I|#>yzJTJ_@rxkji?u)nL*c!9ZkFIgOkNd`fH{Rc`tKT2B-<E0NkxW
z9<TId_lqkKpXIobeGWDHMPKzCJ949#4J2D1O4d*5jFSggjaxyGhBN6JiuB*8Vc&!1
zbBTfV9V?#r+@59ELw^sV$>nuePbMW#tXHGz>IO4OZxX9m`bBwMcJlI~li_tgO?tks
z;=q)Tgxl9sx$>(h^O<T)7+Chziki{uKkcB1b8GtrC=^T7U`|jfuddgk^{2e>rzHfR
zS*qhz>Pe5Zl1{bK#@7Jprk1O20i0OrdtB8W_Yga)Oo($A9)DS545(R0F+@073F2h1
z<w(aN8UofFfi-gONETu{$*F11qam&4fKLu|!o!XTzDj!yD8Ss@3kr?A!TKr3Q4UEY
za4A?_Wi9V$boSDZBgo{pqe>)d0+MvGsb#r3>7_LYMH6}s9*fnjl6eoJtU?X87S~>M
z;8=q0UOHd4^nabBfZ$$9a$`kORC<LjhekHOy3^fA0kYbg8`gLN*X^RNP?~|LAjpz3
z5pEAUnc|fYd5gD@pxu#0iPzIdSoa_-PP*%@KA<nK-$F%7L{022MKmIew{^ABrYORe
z+PC3EgbRpRecpQ0(KI1$&^L!o4;t$ow%fynagm}z>VJTcKr630hUb9NfcRw$ZGR7l
z*j}1dOK9IsEr!kHv#1woICfJi;hZJb<X+aOW0ICFGbnNtC?F2gR}ixjcaveI=&Kl3
zFJW`1vWpVjx1xyy&E%=`$Q`6m%zIR|?`~Y^`2+n+Twla%q)-&vJ8SP>TG6+FNkfrs
zsm}F%s(&on*i$jXbq%MW)g4GDK}V7lU=i5D_BZ<|khCh_n1)2Pwu5bJt!3aXda}F5
z3jj3dK!c2qm^k9S{{Vic=6YxSBmV#$BxKyzwaL>?`ZQTt5RIxXpy;G?p|9dW3@%qs
z2J4E~AC8rhW-dw+s?B>}h3c#%X-g5}V_eGMf`8gyQAP$?(Y4&<>qBH0(AA`vu+#x=
z7NaP@Dld@0*j#MqLeK?FdIAkb(Ry!g1+DW9e$AA;-b%O;HuVFIt*tb~4#L{&*<4n{
z5x{F!4yH1oc)6bAQ|3psF4Mx-zdABC0OTOp^XE{JnOG{D5;&TP4UNS>*56eLU~Q(x
zBY%MlFqT0XQ*A}>?5j35KGIhqO97y<)_@68Y@v;`2bB}g4Yu(rfGwvpZZw>PWN)Q)
zG1Gj_(U)f;);6`PQGZrrZSlb%Jjfu5^O~~)+7nz*d1qUiaJcHpb;+aFy5e;q6mX*?
zQJu}Ziyj=SC_5`$4S7{S*NEZ9h;8og27lZQI6#|7t-M#%o9k-m)Oo4^Hz%J8VjGzD
zqppWu+L<DkcbEtPbrvH^Q^P^^BO)eL1(#?iN{^A0n}r_H!l=?afEq?+JdGFSW4(zq
zvX-ON1d%jtvAB-<Vkjecl-t=r+7yvmSdo9D-Z@`G-9@wosISYf;`P;jU2k$5+kZ~&
zJZvhgqjiARvzA^t2$=SgHP`8*MHn$52FJ3inC3S|w(Ei|!lpi^ikn6{5I7P|>ax(J
z4opDIM-oEoLh|-20x!nKn*N~?ca@<8umB)F?Yk(Fc~22&)B?(HV|}zX*8oOzrHXiL
zK>**KAE)&f!ATQfbz^c#w!A50B7c~|?IOb0sTi{D*4AxBQ%WI=i4#AaJIX*?lGgOq
zp+B03PDZS8q|jJ*Rp7^CI!41%LXSx_<v^hHMkPHxrgBw)X#))i(@OE|9f@++EvdbF
z{<|Q@>4r7Xy`x{Yypvwm9`Vq6O)ai0RyO|tPlWk+oB_DYA~_uVBGr@C<A2+gG<-GP
z?X6yo3u5EE3~te6sVDc=l<QHk>O~Z8X)F|XoheLicSTn<HTql&n~Q>9RgD8T_jI*t
zb!_2*fi6eiw%EsOwt|7tu_VC3OnI&5jwEU;&;F_EX_22E1a1mr>h|DdJiS7qtIF`S
z3p^PllXhcvV|G2H)~8IvQGbUndurtDi|~MaN7q>-*P!U<e?*Zu?PmIQt#>h83c7;*
zN}uW>arfgNMPn8LP3w2A{$?H=-PZaAVc5F})Lod^3W{iJz|ny>bVyi#hELa9IdHaF
z!*tL*S9a`P+Reg<w@z$OcQ}x!1DQJ3_B;XzRy*!0EJ>-{&(u`2u76R<8b*RN7FEy+
z$?M%%;>Yrs$Nf~JRv+P^=jk;608-A60~M!zTZC)zG2ko4Jd#Z#&new3hU{wgsX2Nh
zD>90K1&6HjCZyL_R^*g)4e9NmvX$e*wvKA1fB{vavJN9dLTiJro%8|K)fLnXJxxVT
zG7hPzuApSpih)x=5`Qb!^lqW^c;Yz?=8RaMiFqH}UP_t3%zR9Rlp729y%igk@<mm{
zJ)<JJlx;!K(4l4pqI2U<rFj~>GbHh>iNMt|k@oqqe>N~}-Z`yu^fg8kH<>iDAHL-J
zxKujsD4!E3`fAE7JL=H@a^M|=vGocTY;;6Z(9oXG)o|04Xn*n_{Im-f!O9?9%<Q0c
z-0iFGAJt_)<-nu(jq1>84kCY<Hsk2=8nv%vj4kmzvtq(Vg2Zzj)u|Uo89gl+S!Y!)
zt=b18NlLq9l|C0>J+<iw@_I`i1VyxZNVRU;!Oqd+HUc*(vHB`itaiSKmtmur3`^Pv
zwy!=ckiVBY6@Ov_0C|JVRR9#2!!%PN@kHUpyN!Jb-aez!%#mu7#knpmUq6ikFe9CN
zU(*u#ogy?RSXtvffNnm6Snn(+$hth9bA^vFUan^Ix?w*QSNbc><;CS>%OAqzeKoz)
z-^}Siak4V|FHwCHEJF%0^AMA(lxZCEyXYw%rI24W&42yFwS83o08VY$6Tbl(q7P8H
zteH=lGaKqyo7L52_95tWQHdLgw{08cmiM{6R|VQh0<rMe@D-pSTk1)rX44u-&+-I!
zZEPxJkz4==15M8eRC|0sZ6Gd1hix^SgK>a=b-}i@d~5F4-M6IG3g|_(tD?Ul?55PA
zD>PUtf`8ZTsB0D^8}?q9h~c82n)jIaYz-9P34nY+0x;rTN7iXb7LTQM5}@ot4x@!!
z^v<hmZBL?!=k;tzPVA_HpwUTIV{Ss!HR~NruJ18*7u5wU^bkI!6Ng1XcM3@!jy08i
zEp9a9<Ydn;ohyR&E1<Bkp!~Y-3%gDi6;)Az%70}YnSz7Mg&r)aQ4lc(G_}RKbE>>R
zFtO6r9upf4+VZEsP9%TldV4V=KzIU&>@_Q!fQ(MjDQ!0RlGT<64)aaHiROaJ$fO$(
z#>S=9Ad$c7I3SR5PMkn`7FJ$7(1_uMqGlntmcD|Zbh%CJ@$2}-3o16oF~r471-aU8
zIDhuh72py*fUel2F0H<dm{Tl)%L|L@JL=sABR)KUFj9;O1a^wl`8hr@Z$(R)W0WTv
zObOn>mzJ8*@%3l)Qv(gH?~i42V|hEAzUz(_r3@t=XCg9k9>(4yr4B&*P0jV;O-=!o
z&A#z9PbfO-x9_Jq4}nPH-G31lwv|a#l7B$fi7T`RXaTni-?FV7xP>n`efK030@T#%
zCe%Qxf(E^{VlJ)OOb_YAYSIr%ijf`*gSKYuAg!sk2uT;lzLBLFgI$QX6V9i|K{~2P
z7+hG7O=+HmBND<?H`kv!9zi!#BF;jach#m-;R4(>wza4I0()s9TheJ6v5XRgEPoh+
zeceWsLKl-_WI4FC?WUF1lrGSk4mwi^gx$da-uE<9xD5`ZP}s!dEP;bZyLN*7s)a}z
zgL-vU#}X>VTWL4B<*g})BbL+|=(Yq9eI}ul2I0b=m=PJ*LInt_Z3UN?Wj`T6Glh~y
zxbJIdKr|OXjuDZS*Y2GTv}9*z*?${2J%No+%SyzvE0*R>$<mzj6aeAts0w)xWikO0
zYj8r^*14jK0;P1embW@mF)*@m0PDi2!Pi1a?x$PDuBOJ`+73wZi)p1a@(l|gO%_#8
zDK=Yw-qN}#(Z`8`p8B_!a6qx;r46a<5a6s08hhk}eoK0vGA1MzHarEYtbaBzQZ4DK
zee-G|JdRo{iUST8y=b!WwS|ReM|-a^dfk#2D9vkWQ*Ho^QpKL+alNZs1YZE(@m4zq
z-aD&nri<VndbJkNOHe9>)Pik#9I?DbSRDzm9O%#_g8Pn~s%BEfRGVC#MM*+AfccT>
zt&L{{lTf1fI(jQlG8qG)41Z*}HeO<YG3Kx#4(rt?2pE`F3`x?N#YSk{i-i}s<-)pX
zq*WWn-RDXHNn!<oDn9WBo~QwflDcVQT1G3PSZlCxpo}jF+Tzx@_0zEC<;5C9`An)T
z3k#Z?InZkW3}<o^ZKA;2wwl4m-_=3nhkJKeTC4q5Ku9sbO7~WeM}J>4&dD~rn+tnQ
zPC=PJsj{W{nDN*H8ZPzQ#NSP84mpxZ(EvNQEr+h2>$x6hQ<#lHS~2Ka>?{?JALiKp
zV>*Q$fYzz1)lU*3w&2u^gly|^v{H{%G%&>dYAJ}i#~+z~{#1-j{;E`O@i7nlCcO_%
zkNq-C!p|Zv@PVagxqpVALa6Y;bqv(P#Frty=(3L1JS*p}1cjN!*@-0gn)Dy4GGv=G
z<q^Ls3l<%&e`R1Yvhg0ey{f{VVz(lfkw<{;95$b@*RAPT&x;dcOYgiZBM!zlxUVLp
zd6Ax5m+P-<A=}iko0PG#pHCV$o``f>u`Jc|IvO5vJ-vq2iGPo8nTWRl!u9AGZ__hj
zJW<$>uCh8#8O+NHf0rMML-u;=DDcf5jN9n=VFTomVId|p>>n4dw8^l!sZ|O98Udgc
zf%==PoOJmdcC_*j%whKs{ic#m*1?-_jE~fPN9S^uI2i56Bz_WmYdt6BAhGS`LjVC`
zU0q2ep&4<Jn}5_3Y5-z5A5~a5Jaja|OA}pDT|gbSs#dREN(Uf(r0lMvSXWVyDl4n2
zsfg;DijhDP1$9kz10uSnx{w<^3#k}i<>WpS?%%S#C?SQ$pzt-|fht1-Vl@W6M@8x*
zA|V?e5Yy0W9olh4)$l8ykL1g^56hEL+<A&$6kjl3f`6~qTeHBk#AAL3pJC){6B!;X
zxnq;wO9S8ESgvP6yw*64&9q50fNBsU8X~Q-F(dx~Eg6rp-)$|pxN*nKaKBABwrt5;
zlyQX~mNix4XSkvfgPV)DC=hSwzYfi7U#qv5fRS^Nfb}T7D=P2mILXKxnm1ipBz$ON
z7hoCo_J7vPfzI`2JaKus5k+h7bqCu={X*fopO!d98jo4li_zordX!e+ft>wcZD;if
zeEy}CFC!sQ=wA(A5pe-tlk|kz<zwHD*+BI8O?kT6{Vw}DqHCmx@t^$T>Z#mQR$X-%
z>v8Pr5*ujNZ)m5wBL>8D>|#Blhx(E`PaK2qC4aq!qoBQntKJP^tqlO<0Twn{2VKko
z^l4cjHsPqXYUBY9HbQeUF!q|s)Q~OCwWk(C;2)+R&j9us)iOrB#UYOBHe4w-BHRv@
zGIc3qYb0m@=WEop<j0`Qj9w{8-~bhr%)#zG+ns3h^<2p!^4nsgX`<4qP5A51s;UWj
z4u6cKe>22*t*Mb30HiqYxuh*?5yrR@SndFWP6A+aAyaYyz@2y-()(1KeHA#$jMiko
z9eosY3ZoACT3~!6yg2Zf!`N;dXo@towCtiq1g0SBY=WjXWsowT5aDrCJw`0b27qbk
zs*$bj^i%WaW<toS@v}aI!}Zr3uCL7^_J0a;`VuJ$gEU}`3D-(pqX&J5x@~&VY|f}I
zr6SN==~?JxI$Q-~ueXggAW)zT06NoAL1H(L3u*|~^)SMtB}B3fg6DG(1v;yUB)^=6
z6lgaNH8!^_l#()nDaa^ImgdH-Bq)oySU1;EI@#EPp(KObtyo0FaMG#H9Qp}05q|@n
zAE*o&8J$Z;;=~R&6}Ecj7SKvbW85pu`3-s<xQ@yqbY#BAr~bKwx+*@rw5a~K4A11n
z69#Sth_Lon1W^LFvD2TXkAoRZ=*J7+>Zx&*KNqOm#qTgWoBL|9qloNDC$v#!^8sz6
zom2BR9R>MXqa}*xphl0-c+mWZD}TF75vHP<>VrrRYMMq?GHNUU?9#1IiX(}4g3Lf*
zeR@#M*6KC2Q*FgvR9c!`+>O3U4i4596j3%rGJ&nf5p!0C9momN^k>Ev)ZE*RCeTA-
z(r08j3%sh1Hau#vxl_jdp1Q1wX*T!Ns({+tuxnL_BsvDzKP{MXxaU?pfq#vKyQ@<Y
zevBZEB#;RJvtM@_X}_c`gUA$-adJkUx`#Z6DD(GQ8>{;&8P@z7-IlLGZjN|Pzr|c(
z=|_a?{9=zm$~@$Zg-8JK<}{%hUd42^t!r|v-lq->cv3V{hkXKo;PEx*_W*2l?54EP
z6H}>GEU$HIFyL=j`J9js=6|u|Y-+ASBk8ER><hF8=T)x($5{&;&a&?FEX*}?uAP;q
z0K<|cX)@JhBgCX|tf+jA<Ig2h+LaeK<xF{fEB>H^*jAGfqA_r_wrqbzWoL+l#bcC6
zEIdo~Rpp1KEKXy{F5q|;*17gl(8i7kAlz`Z2`zFNDz@9Gxd44Yg1_y(S}A|$jl32l
z_g=1Xt}Y0$Hlg`#ya9XKj4{3lnWmCi1IhqkEuggk`^QtQ9YKirl$|(eXlzl5V|{oF
zQ(c7ngHp=3<~0?dI?iEVEw&KC*R`n|ExY{{%uw+E0KuW8!4AZ6;)$Agyw~jp))lAH
z2J8l4EH^cW9V-c5K#d-STHb$}^gRJ@)0_92rpo{VJ-UnO>8i`O%#2@+=-V~adqr2v
zOW$brR&rblXIKPcbktlMeKexjFh!GaI+MShHPp+bQJCxqYjC*XNes1LdKlTckSuFN
zut>r}q%#w`*8AJ7RLfNu?#s^KT^pxKi#M9AQx{M`Cr0+v^)-cYtdoDNtVr-F2kNDn
z9H;>XP5^;cLc&gVT_|}O5Ek1N_VOfJv+PMa@vEpMhP7TOQp1?gHth+}Y1>=)nG@mk
zuQhSYs0KpYfCL)DkZECSn&0ZIA?XGorIAp2^r?A{;CSVgrOXCZ{&V=hylZ*X40#ve
zmxrK=#fV;bzkPnX*lT~YX2svQdnnx2y$YiC*qj_^&gzh&n@1dH&;8PU-(7l6qnj5_
z!+eI*XtZhC+!bjr(=jN(IUsoQ7~J<Jg0VkTXPmC1^2l!%AhGN+9zM<#e68d9NLXFW
znI(B7X(cyzC7Ab}Xk^zhHq=*721?^B_SqbbwF%;M<LIrBHY<N11H?2S-o2FU3|Kh>
zlK_9bE5x^)6z(94YujGL9sLs-{t+1-s?T|Rd%;_LLKX`qY)AY}qyx;6YImmKM}>|f
zQQ|te?PFEO!xCmTQ)+=!DD7)%Y38!2B-jl}JcVLap8+nZ)FbKGZ<6|vq-pUv;48q%
zB(q5KOxvZD?sk9gHKW%$lXV=+ss8{^4b~Oy?Q`j@(_K4t@m*PsoU*36_0=_?h_0@v
zGyx&X_lmf6JSbIDaBe68o77&3i_^36qw``4v7QXZg^?8a&$d7rN8Vl(r!gbyPU`9p
zoV~Tw;fg|T6*sP_wE{R*g{lIIn+gU^#Z<@zO@&1voxFecRPH^M6#{@PNuyxpJ|ycX
zJ`<yk>J4=bN`O7?B<qn1xHq`tK+eY-*CY*B!u{*p>a0G2)J!k(@*fHJKV^EGE3UeO
z_SY@z;^5Y=iHVFnaRc!d_EUKN?DBj~^Z{xULUHn0IH*!%^dH$wLZNYh9QFEXOjVb;
z?y~G70`Gt7p!^H=Qw}`du#3tl@9m-BF6`N#vq~l*-_-Ku<bW@-w*LU3%JqH0;cbsE
zspeYC5|BGI7d7S4ixS6+635bYuR|n-Iu2Z;j#S$L^qqc+!!T_Gj$CU+#1Tq=qRZuH
z#NP|4K7-*uT_H!qZMh12LHafODOpWfNcBId)x3Y0BvEj#QNO%2`l(KY-<u%(BkQeh
zs095j+mC=a^=nxj5B<cSyY|;Q__fH?r&Tt0P8X1$qO(C^VlT$Ddf)q<qnW?aN&q$}
zBDJm(A?i~bS=6&>uNu7jcU&DRQ9%p!)n&P3b9)P3)}x3$3Iz<Kw_1T6i3D*LqQMli
z60v_NW*U$?DC4K*-u_efX;0KnMSQ&lhYB6-t@Jn2w3DXhmtD}l(ZrfeDyeP6a~9{u
zi4HuD#qmCeKn*g{7O}q$6f9*2BSr*Um1qdG6*hS(ECGzVuFdA!_<2!ak9>i6=~LyP
zHvsEL#W9SHpm?^EQrH=JsG}x9&g1H#Y&L%zRI#=04HK!8^Al)2>s9f%Yw(J@IIQ$0
zs%-$a8xYDt<4}>5{L+WRW3LKgUAv9Ru>*#+O?DN%?MYfvz};cKh4LmjAa0B<(WSZ4
znkYUC(~G-v8(6B7tpnyI=WTnbp)zJ6!fHmGI|VkWpcdsw86HLjt$rF-;>NlG#?^l}
z#15iC4`mHg4UV%8{SO+^^3Y#Rbrq1Y-LxZ)qLp(X!nBd2ZARR@Z><sxgc(rGO@a})
z_6h?a7t>!&4^Bd#ir0ush?CeZZ%lD<B5TZxeRXj+Pa^x`Bh_A4DWWSMlJ{@F-9r;h
ztL29T1+lQygGnIq>S^`4Ae$l;fzW@Vsku@t4QDu5-EFnhi?vkZD2zV)sXnplsw5)z
zT}|vX<4q;3gtVduA`3q6E-(VyOKVq`8PX<lfB|hy1qOa7{JqhGsUTHfJ2F%$B#g*-
zgWW_qz@%>$E8{Czn}e;p=*0j7Lu+<aV8<)sCdFbk)NtcRIQaojfvf?&>o<R^EktT!
z&Ia!epq^AMq_GSM0P^gs?pyOD8mhgCHahXGa|B?SKvuBPKnK@WdF7acE0@|Vw;ZdP
zOP$@^D%gq|U3djFN{++vXrQ+H5N&F#!FOB^LY{cjhTGh6q~}#xEyw{%u2}4_RtQY2
z!2l!+>OlJFl4DAUWMBXtgc^Sd8gRXGfLV0xt8zjmW03GuQnAdfxF(~3BTCS)3{KK@
z90rx!E^ZXs)egl#p6RxW#G!@!R;3Q+kdgo=h~-+uT-ib4t?M;`6EN&1ok8dfiyeJb
z&Kz*M?tFn0lWn9>nFw3!-K7OVJpEN#twd{ltY*P-qaf?fxv+NGhD3i|$6CnRcW7;H
z`nQZ8KTR(e%p^NR9#RB>?e~B-pzLi(G+<Fl+r*7c>O7&g_v5D;NsX)mB2Alg+fX9h
zG&FxJ!^CJiXt1F2g*Rvj6A>GC*P{J9f9daTA=}$op=0dUm&D1=#trhal?90_#Cr`)
z`5=SX2}xfXsWl+R*8G35uW+?_L)Ut;I97BgozPTE*SeIkG-Z`lv?T?a-kM$vMf(19
zGh~Qiu#O%je)IG8R%eUM791;*NJ(AM=s4?A3YNMCtB6_*?3N8+A_2M3iyyiG?G#e1
z$53kCK-w7TbEPRs4jXtE*Koas^`f9l@fW`i>Xwaf-)f*;tPOvurkFWHDi!i0QLg4&
z4_#^gqng<19|G_6D6H&82R|D8cP%ygq3<jS*chK#6*2BWVnl5;XYsGsUV{%AvUBoK
z=#6D0caAlI3KyC+QGXCVpl@E+r9cuhF&eoizgnH$QB`o6*^=Y*UXbPyVG`_xPNki=
zeLB~K1&!H_-HCr@W6YgvbM<a`mn|@Z0UkKq;{0T9*eeN~D&2fU=m4wQtX5y<A&0?*
zax#`S_W`?(?#k8uMxbHF0I*gT1G3aEpVMT)G08J-mmy0KI4zF~XY~s1zz48{Psui;
zNd}tK@~$qXy;n{qevyfegLIOM0obZ_YVyyZuWkBc0$hJyoUf2AGy9<Z*!Y1)>YA?M
zR}9sTHHI}o!ABn2!2M0tJeZCgN5<pxNaPO%_14Ew%uGCXnZ51^J6gVdmysq+?<9ug
zl6_{QYLeyf9i9PIO-)5~nVox7UZIUe=>a#Wy>&&+13HTi9!5aCN#Xd;i&KY=GP2@;
z=pC%bxN3iE)8xjH5fT8Xg31RWQtbmuN$JsfeIh@JQLcOLYYDe8C5_4BUWW@_nQp@4
z={4ui8qGZ0xu-6`yqNwG#{4<gQ7fvY^9Vwhsl6`K8~8X1x15_nJWndv!b64?H>LdH
z%n{k8Png#5sq~sdkk_ug3Kf<~mNw86%d(9uZ4-Z#ZahKl6u7`5D}bpLAX6FEsoPys
zKoX46uw~*kuVK-1mns0H_|$N(9Zq!I$HmB2Q>FM;dzF+`Tr=3^!RE!eN9HE0_KIIY
z0{SWFB}t-5P~BWyQaR(uM<d-JmHm~=)2X6j{U~WHy{vwU787j4%gR4}oP$Tjyj?lm
zaoT^)OJsuwL|FJVwif;4dg(dE`iJH8j-3ZN9i?IDAKOVJTj9uSdx|aXr+Vqzm5Gix
zL5{cdwFer@gOw*~Ri^NVQ!1|;ZIv6bh3ffn2(lSKvYRsc7+!^KDz!sB-aqGbl~c|l
zr_?Q2-49HOFYx`ft<fLM>9L#Ni1yZ3O7MSY%%8kHhPl5|H3im`oYSGO0Fz3FJ9t)y
zR2!$4TYH1(q&zEN2|cxG;R#k)Sk`cY*4lVbCY6h_5H2(%Q%J{P1C=Qt{Khou<%-p7
z1tWO_4TP!f7aCTBynz_`k_!zrG=z69gTAySE#)xNhY)GofRYq!iNgN?K2PE_765+`
zZ@T=d?oGDd^=3sjB<-~m5D}?NS%fo*3f*`z-q#hpGx{aC%YMrfUVWCwOAu)Ak2HlA
zQU^UW^qLw^ELk?csB}TVNKc}<bGkdV?&wDXN9?S5W7xzNTMoh~Ta`&+;ys<zp$2)E
z%WpPW9Z!Xrk$%c|4+|nlM6sf}k!^onLDRU_eeT-mSaYkWLh2huJV>VWfy8KO{{T(S
zy~IN2@vrTvZke1%^1%N3{@TxI(E+<QgH2AgF+?2+EJ41PCZ;eM9+Lwm7^Rwhsy3bu
z7~h8~&5aeDBOebkD90aaZ{2nS-K)zIBq-@)CB^-Gsn0GU$0EA`ZJ_Wq=<R=CyKlf&
zBxoOV5H5IIy0;;hraWq8m@I$*%W^fTw73i=%CdkDX}w}02;l7u1@!H&K+^Pex%q{?
zv==8@#*85X-~-3hXjo2AYRWX=hCWh_-IvmWFR@Lp#{P<X%R;8ZTN+LU4BJbp4mWdQ
zO*9V$EN%_0e){B1&MXeS{gi*<$HqH<)WR*^e`Rrx9~^nH<VPbYut9TrbI3r}1}raO
z*+fiYHxS&famtO2d4kEJl1S{~M2b5z?$vgk*6gTua#Sr$_K~<5n2%YiF;vts*N&9s
z`d+s4IBBOkOa|S18*n;at$hd>#p?OEv54VyF{#m6LE}s}>JFgFP>6r*z=PrKq-BgN
zg<W*xYf-$WE4tcRhSo3;3K)w5+Gsh@MU>dujS3fV2OAnW#9}pG`fb1q@dW5C-$lX@
zEY_L!N3{6BzNU(CoQ@PJ;&cFu1K&}NIhs2*v%t}}PG5T}z>O}3vonM%kisYP62i_!
zuRxH^BL-u+faO+T?%IEgn+uOcI@TPL^wgr2LJKHy*?J+B3jh+=BZ1*TVPaH^5loCJ
zTwE(^0S2kYtd%B!gCIFzuVcVlO5qMb7PI>eCf!e~<3E+>y};l=H7nP;s<zgbmGx0e
z#B#zm9K3G84R{(#XbLvsZ@T8zw+d}PQD^y!<~o>(@!3V~-9dlO&4(gIcu7^U8jf^B
zOljb%m)Oc=(%diIN<^oSxU1iAHhWcKiOCx1I}JW!IHk!UZaalW(XB8dmMd(KuO4<4
zSB<vZw&o_}=|W>@8bZu2qT-@NWKp<jdTJCUEIUrMOu=ZExYC@2V5E5QI)mpRHsEwO
zrXq}(0rc>!@(F)i+O_aAFrvf}<wWGEBs$xHqS6VF5Cj6UTf*)`6*oK$Zk+y$YyN2L
z@YW-kncRbGlebP+rCH(=APHi?xhIDn$}x`|s}+!j<O=aM41k-d2iH>^M^nnFuz&$>
z0O3T(X%&c!fJoN$K3g3^nx~e)0zub7M94%9m$Lx&1aW^nLH1FKl86<RloN8j^oH5g
z17-``Z7HlQ=`j(|MI6fKcaMnEl}oNLIS6CcgDP3aWw=pWsz&Y$VkWw1<WQb<mR%$A
z`CE4Cl~%PJ$!t|W)G_-v3S+Lr^F2==9{YDKi5{EKvC)Qf3_$~M0`%8VKli+2$N)XJ
zs+_LE5y5}M*_E_hkahxnHS3tBHZdnfjc!k%Rxd|~&CQlms>a0n_zE}bY_BH^$y4K;
z?f&T0)^_(<A-xYHlzwV?Cy-sFV&2*s5M=U@UtlGO;4Q+6cvH^=X@`pFp?uUO$mZNG
zYj)u!=p?0^Ia<SqAm+bXgG=>szos{E298etk&1u(c7+GoY93YFr;r87&<@f~W47Tw
zjJv6^i_kh@&CXdR7lscT1I+!=Ufq}gc>ziE%oV}KSgrYu;*kC$`zda})E5&FpguR{
z-TkyXJK7N~CFo&w&ZKf@V5jn;2H$74uxPVNTSKWP?0Zl4P)&5zLW4Hs>(?6UtuQ95
zrA>c9pboC$KpK<4R2Bo%*-iB9X%22Qk`1WN0)xcRwa8{0N?<2NM^3Mey-M7kBHWF7
zEb(cNqOwWy`pz-n1b};Vt!}d-!2V-uG!`A^)jO&zmq6RJ)=PBla3voMjr8kYenDv*
zb}_F(()EWedl)eFtzhH}PaynNlGU2<K<j_2tEzxdLIMQ0jrg8mQ+Uv!$c+MvAT9P#
zW4Zjs_urRb?5BEaZk9*vvWnTW0J3!T&C7}lSyf9tw9=O9y%v6&qare7#bN;`iWA8G
z+S}<58)xJOHev!t{oW#&{XpVAi8N=7rBHfFzu8gb<XlfT(O~nki;>|1!mHF_k-C3`
zvBXBzAOd|At@?Tpk+g(x`zs(h$erZ>05(E>MCnO6v*=sG1kuS0`ErXl5Jv(#MRjau
z;f#n#U*;yUp7G1qSjuiM?G<t)TBe{>(;3y()zpCWzo$Bnh+@celKx%!IO4vst!-yP
z^BAs!-U93C72$E@WRPubq>xp<78-x4uW{3}Ms6Zc!Ts4+;dSCGpK`u0$ro2R5ONPs
z3ZH(<Z%MUNsIK{N@dpNwdls0;k7h!|2Z5YO2i85b5IoMe7Pk-~Z&|CWoSC%}jJ~aT
zy1q`+s#z3%=&nTD(#Skym+GPKGG%4Xd2eg_O@%VRE)FUk3zmD+v(XfmBu9U#kM`1A
z-j2unrjr$=o}2n~67ey}$bAO0YN?<z*8Z1m-8iWGj>4D4O}%PhI9-pnqx7`FF>-<b
z01WQ-ie(X^>K9?+bPjzcx$TSCy67v^SQ#W7%a8a)BKHMZPN1GN&UB!#xUqI;9@|w%
zlH>%t5Dx2$Sk<is#H>;+yk39t)`22|>}i#X=U&RBkS&R~4s<9Tn6zhWs}XPw$nK|~
zFCIwBDl)MeUep9=0JFrz^C7s^UPLGIkf<D(-l`{o5?vQfdurtt+KQZ2X(HZxNTY~J
zzPu_PrL6^gfa1dA(LsBok$aJ)X)IfL(o-+yKAa6Yu`pl)mppp_s8D~WQQ23CtXLi#
zMP3|fGB+$XC0E6A7T2cmBnj?WNjEm*R|{zO_8kopY&jy>WZE}qEWqpEKzCqDTon{7
ztPWO3MoT*caGKTer7)IJ3Qf4)&U8^(%;oKKeYH0?+j2DHM~O0NH&uu^M#775;sG={
zGt(wNE<9z1#1hJWi&lSj+Z*4X8e<(B#cg<Vrs|ReKZzQcw=f>@sM?#Hn+;8>(ExFX
zDqB;aJnF$M9*c50)Nx}H%UzO<G%7ez)xZiZuF-0ap%}bu2Bm4J;EV|Fmtvylk1B1i
z6(UK?gP=R(Ep9|sLxW>)Sgqw$P(rP=H`1~`T35M6Bx^+)&j5e2V&w=crA3G&5;g3m
zUlL_d%%oUoEkGzpYYl4CPevyw)#>;06KNLS!(T-_+lY`Ir9zT6`YSi5bv4676T-6G
z?gX0=r86g84;!Llsul!p-NN+_jkzC}2r}K65W9}1iqlNGZzs@22$njV8Z09i56)KI
z+PprRZFG>5@xgzWlA*vZx`0U<Qz?rll+7S1v3Z_0q-8M&{DR?a_q5m5Tw`J`&!=V0
zCs~ZZ(}1`_6FP~X%R&v`vbBaj3E`Heu{@*YZ_{pqjpedBy~hz@%UW&;$*gg40Kd&8
zXJ<gm4&Xu8!{1Sz=R+b(bzL+7Ux#%mE`CJgY_D}1fwq6tm1ih(10pE)j!m=zIbPH?
zjjg)&Is<BP`iiQr`dC;HJ8#3C5BjQK{hUX?T2R7F*+=Fu=R|@@jGIi17TvW;Tg`TG
zp>A)qa1_Q2Ve)Li6|uOhdI@S(;xaYai#KUBIUxzJZD~o58pQ0P#Be>8pO8ob#@FL|
zgxh7pfD3;EwV8NStVO{VzoMSTjm!vFzm+J1X*L9#-%m|iZzO?u_VHU->rUgs9YcUF
zbf7ViUi=Bt<DET){D8+(xbmfD;A>HQ)J2VV*o)~&GQ@4OL(g6{rPP!d)Ay?~SoX4l
zD5ikN@KW%0c#W#PNdm+*=SS&_0mie>9BsJxT-blqbx5P~m6mAa7u8VQ>q|aEl@Mib
zV1Qh0rW!-!ZMu<e9O|McDm)_GtBh~9+ec;ZO^E_$K3>8Gr-(H`P4COmR~XINS25{r
zq<7HTK$P)-OR%skY`5&DqXEHX9uRG%EWm{TgML*108d8wRv=r%X;`I!d5MX4ri7at
zi_(A1JdC2`5DmtIN_#zR0MnSP&<5@reY92}9JVzER$+~!jNU(Vt+^T*jfKHaPLwr&
zEs2b>`VBD-TNFO=KX~@j(<urCfHt<>eHC!6VAmnN2TEaQj`v|;r(H!YB=ShirTim>
zk17+M0ReIHCONQ)8H$G*A7yCu4LZCH*i?V|t12H1(Xn7`!=GWT>7rRWq<UWJG^K54
zpc)-B8_0m%c;sU3>)<QQ_3Y1@&tRtU!{A>}I`rL3C}H7ADB>2&={gGV%^<zl>Uf%+
zr7hSSIM$N*`c5nS4$Jh_Iz(~K^AZDXQEq%q7a4ET9XZ80_8ND-WAwCLYl-G)VjX|o
z4%|#+>HDpJwwb_-%`3Z9i0?g{zU?W~7=KR41YXZ&Uee%LR?Z|JF9ODOelB~>WijNx
zxOU)LSr#;D9NAP{n($q3s6K9E8~70DJO2Q(xBmcB^*<&*m5lhl_wOD9)yBMi`*p4M
zX$#5mGP~e)MRn>cVh%T|-lp{zpk#mEp_;;?w4mvU@~M+Ih{^7!AUo=9byY0Ay}Mn-
zLt)}Vy)(}$46<C7Jb3b>XWALDW#p|JQQ|;4UeUk?x3-t+`r}0Z0EJJox$AcKQ=iOr
z-id8AmX#~j2bZ54@UyA<Yiq4QlRBgOqywjDH>_T_s>LsAhWamC+2?d{N%4OmKF|$y
zZ|hch`!5Xv>0iyskF^xr(Q#P0QL|>WOYb=VdQEKf(`@G-6n{~y>Bio%7yh6X&c08v
z(ZK`$k(>B<+l_U43w?FfK5VEwdfX=W_lWfh(&>riz+`Sfv8?77+Jo;KR=Xig5P(^w
zDuesRx@>ZX$H9=|MJz_yEKGlv?Y^`wyPNYE_^=Q}ftjUKrmNwts1ONbLBR*qD+{m4
zChJU#{t_x5PrQD*o+7STXq)AFB+~FZ4ZSU;WOU^G$cJX8wEE-uJt8PZhG$jv4NW72
z$rFhsHb5*5t}ow4-i`BR-Q?CBMYz^4P=#U5bY2nxARU+ETOpO1SqOh+JP0=wuTjE|
zSTZxoD<(NqUcx&*nx^Ak#H^V$)d1XATeg`**H>QE)B)AG&~yBWz+?Gy+Bts=gWPZL
z4J!_d1B897Y?63b_IxesH8-rN8fUZ1jh=X!e&{~KNI@mCGqMjD({Hd--6JFB;aMa<
zn;p_Y_=g{DC)DB?nE8JoY3H!p=sas3w-)hZy2PUv8?FrQc)JB3U263RKkc}iN9G_K
zePdBsyKRFK4lf}-%`0~`FD4d0;VgYZ)Z5JUDJ(}rCPlwMk<Sq@wPW74vkuSGYESr+
zAN<GmRxqt8qwYgBKTc0<*)dPMI8uMQZ(f5vf7iz2iAEmE^1XjC%w0<!L8puZ>(aeu
zcl)e!!*Fr*R$Hsz+`8ytbsLFM2Ngl>HC!Ua+f8lDjZaWMWbWDvXa}N}h2)L5sn)4{
zV4fzT#UUrcMwa1GEKVV2VPHVll`1-hK{~3`Nz^8lS~gGzJ9ko5VA<Okp9s>0;v|u3
zl%7=pE`htdDuI9OP4vHYT2CT0a6j7)-Nui-5t&Wz+zkT-k#R-u?;2%F_`5ImR#w%P
ziHpWq>uoJ@YD}&2W(L+A&1qwyeZ=t6)svW@WlRrlp2~INCJs~{Yb}NN_f!OojZba$
z=TN}_w<}db=m}e1syc^~hM=mB7ZoBgej0GAq%SDCu7H2)YD_E+x_YVlic0NKac(>f
zP*`72T`?MfF4~VpSgIGeJ3tlyiW7l6iz0~}FAJVD<WaOit}lCi6d-rF?FUO~tr+EG
zDYev&!lH*SKu|l5<H-wVxxWFWQ_IL<;a4D=*eR+-)wAG?BwGRx!+tem*ZQC~^AsNB
z6+SE*C#rv=A&780JV5DMSokk25lW5<l@_cloXm{250b%|MTLMLRdhM|F-Nv3T}Ai<
zPsa&z6tmI3BgYhyGXrHh0o`6{W|$i*umfH++x0Al1~V&_VPX$IO;KYU*U_yBBof#t
z<eFl^<YoY0Q&91!Z4K|;P2)zQL*e4K6n~deZghXOCuD|^m<Q(@j>=%f*Y^m&bq-Uq
zW?ue0Xv3-IfC9dY!@?=Kc|w>0DwWy@+s6E;vz8dq>EXY&t0~CIe=<N>yKPcp$YEl9
zBY?dex&-P35<nK>Inz==#9bE36cc?pP<~Qg&@J96=9YOOF#wxwW349ifuUUnHqy#k
z<HLV_MHXX@F>JDilT87?vWEEbq(z8N2={^UQqcnPMi^*ZeRM*8fEz|tHzXVJG&hfi
zx2EKc5z4915;dyCp{7s>H$15F<Paibvk}Zwn3(G%C5X8V#)X!#u1tZ6z3rf*;%3K)
zjT0+1&A}GoZu%`TfLepefnh-80136~aLRwSSlh#Ct7qm%lN!d6va+@A*0rrmW6s#K
zth#Pq7aAIAKOBR3HYM6I<Qq?<)=p5kQ)=35iE?mUmx;x^TR{YSYbr?ZaLr+D1+RL9
zq3Su53J#^61VT8ZDvR!|f#c~F(PU&}?vf+1n0T7N@z<R}g#>pGaz5=DVn)XoV|{<T
zD%(OxT73M>lvJ7bC^sGuHT71fNrk1uI~ja35J4bv@2qXA7+jDlrq|GrFReC{1t!N<
zh@vLq2`$KjS$PUqVLb1xR!30bqZ_Zr_0!KJp;V|FZ)+afNkk2TAnC2I%D5pCTa{PF
zE!$IfE;m(66eu>bVg@Ke_&`p}(%yer1BmsC)>tKUiP3irfKcSb$g%vp-m{V5%@G~9
z3@zxcXpYc92A(+60b>hWx~t@ySj67SQZqhK@v1VA%n3H5^w|Srxgy7TxEk@P%#UxB
z0v$;^coRvixfrU)9oYdpnMem;T|H0?^#%N;wawUZtmZ;LWoQ#VL`u`X?hJo40>{-t
zWF?KPS4vtGnVJ>uPcKF2vB{AQ#AGhvX3%O4U6hGr9p?3Rh3&Xn+d=Q)RM>>dxhD2C
zK&%O-3~Ua(=xn4LRVENsE*Vc{dfZg=Geo?SG3_<wRY@O3dhVIx$MbEeu>KKhoy`Qb
zGk;WMS~#)CGFiP`E6p{J5DkB5b<D+|sLNtX#rb3VyndR^X*&nDt8GP4nW@l1tn(_1
z7C?TQK04bMIxagOb^Uao>Bf07<#H_%P^x(n4ala1s}@#VC;V}>2YqF@pWJ<swHom3
zX#Ssx*h?c1$leNHn}KWkt4}j2adF;e<)V(#cvoXau;a%P4XU6ESD1hOQPlU#@{t`A
zLvH>*vXyJ)V>>-riJz3&SuG<Qi<=(a(@L7PRM%QFBKp)`rqu+{1R9F!nnNJ)uSVkC
zHyjUySDI$AwR%?9rNG_7u>Hs6{{SPa_K!F07aVTs&O0~Ky-059@gKu)qME_+VM@J)
zzL87i>(e4VnpQOV{{VmFZMpHcW(%o)XHLg{*vHjdY~E*0!;`i(`mI=#__{th_(5M`
zt$Z`)bR0(bS8uS9UEALj&o67_(Oe_9sYm#chtYaRsdze~H)M)_nra5Nemf2YnSG*`
z>w|7!ZuLJ+VfnkGp=iy!{dLqW{{XhSu{1p1Bwlt{9F$hBVJm+$2%`R9=2-V|rFtY+
zEiZkmLKGAADGAkM0Y!Dcmt&FWJ<_sc%9W&D3JWkijd|36o9eR7#7QeK^aEjAQoxu|
z<z>g=*$XHg@8K1Z(PG_`e}q)Gs~*}T^&9TV#K#|TOOf7mp+Ib=<4bBQx|?~uYIDRy
z6$hwM3@zn(%lCgYb?si?Rb4QUua?W<h~X;hrO%By8_~M7n>r$n2P$j&mViQ`XFN*U
z{na0+n_^&M@bcm=M|)G;Uh4Odri{y4wzWkyaZF@^QNpIWkj@o0sHvb0ztegCR%nVt
zWyl*3@2K#fSkkw8)+nC|n0wK9y<F?WBQmfkcDNv+>}7w|Yu{jHrhW`r7SdI-uVZjw
z?W{LcHDp~};htqvb795kzpU2IK@HU;?1CE)O|MBNDUYnjjz*E2q5M2W9I!KI%zhTP
zt4flXyvjeP^vEr^Nhl>x0xU_rVPv3(J0l%OhBxr{1E>|~reDwL5d11z*ef@wV#ZS|
zI9y0FHnD%?SKX?uqTR*gHSA}`cF2wJvY%nEUDO<bk0|8h{vlpKcGs)SZQVW>>@k{q
zy3|!N<xtWwH?tFSKy(V$KS-@FD(|O=P;yK$Ohl3I&}(~os#D+$NDm&+0jorD)!A|b
z>U=vso6&|=03@7q{8R}TOOd@7Y7=m$m0FQDAAf&LALnVyN>I1GuAP-EtYjby>*}hq
z>TERap$Vb<HIU;iz0yzDO+q9W4Qms7)i6OAh%LtYdg$PlAX|?b%FittC4@PM4%6wZ
zyvd=DE>O{KJB`n6Y+>JJ&uw7!9dl&U?;5Hi9;Iw#W^gPRXgez6B2`8B>Bff~vF!ng
zQU`w_dSN8SvffKrg4YLyQ;}d@)nax+#1%cfXxJ$v&e6a(u@|vCho*-yS!Z^L-3t;3
z97RwG2A~`8xYCFNRCMm3Kf(jnDyIW94N*Y-;aP+=l!k5^+@3WtLhhxmNe0w-u3;>?
zDf3iw-EUo9XxUtXHLFD%E5~pLh*k3ir+t5Q8c{hBM+@aDg*%0=*P(ekjqKlTG~>dc
z4p-qrN82E^$0|vc1q@eGpc|ew%Z}C-1lzi==CU(45;OvgCnbWL+}m}4(3&NS0^%20
z1MMsU1gX;Ev_@QK-NFO=)U>N0jf)==ec?mLXL85HY%D=K8_}wf#zx}IOqqhDUPymX
z*C5{XaT{Fgr6bbO*DK50Vs~4<wtiZE8xOXo+Tam`J0j#bWl}-sdzuQd1ds<C>TRcG
zUo8pDlyEBA-nnAjJ?kFJRj7ho>TzXYNm3oTDbP^HtO36s-ZXH7x6&;_3u`w99OxKl
zOYUV~7iGIBnTVqnEsJ7Lqm^G9DqVk6D1K(+_EoZ`o@muxFscs`dX+LZ*CRg6syC?~
zy68%YqGD{Jg~{P-(Vi!5O4wVngkf#AHnmiuO{0MXuFRQHkjCI#RoA3CIFLw&#^eq)
zfUuqFeiAK3aN&yww&Ho3P`QRnXCQ2uZ+mX#-9TwH5tSr^d(mQ7yKeCTYOa4rye(m;
z)kGEKqeL4aN0xhZrI|rhJGW`AF)nYJ7Qm>aSb{a-Ra~5zBnYV)bIW4dnv_c%=(!lM
zB;I?hdy3dUKSf!fj(Me;C*KzPD-IkfEU5EN(=2Mb_;!Fks(Yp@j4~L1h;Qr^oN6_x
zmcq{c#G25GE91o02Xf!hNH~8YSvd2jv3i>bBgZfYR2JQRZ9`401ms9WuQH*~Hxp4V
zI!C|7z}RWVnUywdd)VEL!K18U@pqd$X{qltOVnmP<L~dN1|zPza;-*y0sx71?y5d8
z{{Ss@<OLpRAkU1&dk{^JDuRMZg0H-IUrKaiAa4q7BVGo$<0be4+<AZApOWejRZmuh
zN0%do1Cv}@iw9EbMGJZ6;M&9k_EPeOjnxAc3=PRP6>KDCjrQx}q~0e185lidGB*Ng
ztb}n04!)|pb+KYTU~uOd<4R;9^H%l-#`<YXN`aIH(1FNlLWU3(I;LYj=?X~QtUjul
zx`fk0@w9R6VPeCG^lN`g<E%y0%YB^c(<D1z%3A<*VtIB`X-<HRc=6ampj_QWv^7Bs
z3xEkHj+M}Lj4v!9^HG&RxFXeW>R2RyIz?`N8i-?)A0WuNGKBzubrlPjAtQ1Q8%DOc
z6={!|JGz45n4QM@&>O{Jw2sQsC1@bcmW1kt-J7U#A2(G6K<$4z*9deQl+}?*-OIX`
z7K2H$BaOC#M~Ak(Y&ON|%G{%jx%Arg<-oLIFMSQYb+y(r;E$uss>gX%h-gNp*Qvf*
zT|n|o#n`(WmL-p`TB^eNGe?acjUxb0V)HdaGTTd^RW;FDcT|j(w=ZpM@TZX|*69%l
znc__rIh_=D3srxl!X{kY*A@_k5&rg@kFtr=QrQ`o(`@X0qP6FO_)^42iP4Glkyu&#
zi%;7HbF*W^>FtnD1@I1Jk)W@i$s@}nOCh^Cxu?3eY}tl5+_J?83W^Sw0>qj?tB!kz
zu-4mj@m*OKa#Yo7_6JS}u-9y>5Ib_NAPOTclrks+v`Bv-n<h^#72H6(9!fh&p^LKw
zLAl#SQN)_v=<qZcxk~ol8qIG<3eR%>6`ni|cDDTO95{%<)AvI&TXQECtvL1Q@pozL
zHC$afZd-FF?4m(q(n!C$#C<i*xn|aQT^)OMRlF>FOZ3fRoqO-?6bbd|WAL}zM(Ib#
zGWLZ(T?&6eew`}zH`_^K{-~=gGy!~F6Za%>^wy_EZT$c*z|K8}^_PY>^qi&RvP=6w
ztq;>}yQXAE@W_ASTJPQe09t32Pxe`LAyHwT3mrVre~O3K*YgzqAE?yLChe>N0Z1d%
zXrHJ6v~Ai5u6OdO(OnpCGyeeK?yjV~-v0porR#sIKNCRxCO<C?Sn)SwOmuy&(@03(
z%ue2RsE`OT7%wHT_0eL&f9dhOM{Z1Dx*ps8(_6RroQ+9dzbBW|mN0e5kbeqmN^~gf
zrbEpA0*BYKOwwaVYixuwFJnomrXW8n(q)%{SlIf_OZdk&X<RQu4kq)mXPo~4i6ar{
zy=;Hui$<W0Igd?a;KoEqIk($eA(b{OX}>^uU$VAlOi;wjGUDweUDP9XsXRSYzv@{7
zb!Jh*DA9h}*MWS@*cXsHkE*=yRhP}`nQ#99FsT0ThNfogrAkT{b^sc(nh-T>)qr3{
zb?95F!G)**mDDjRgKC}R@E+O#y?QUwdBA^3k$}zr06H=0(ZzY26Ym@M4Ji0|Um=wi
zS_=r9#s@VzH_=gg`BkB(4EK2uDa(T_aa*Gv<L>=6lx~=rWbt!v;%eJQNuuzZtcnVr
z<ES-}JY^v<Hy4#b_SZFaHDs0D*0EQVFkjnAbqjw*cHm@`xBPVUBp#=iFDRl5^iqGB
z5j6cf77=d}w1)ibFGG1=h0$S{KzM7@vGY1KP2Cyx5nf?#!-cETVx8R$e+c@TwcO#{
z$pj0v_-Wl)`Roo;Uf>H0daF%r93P_fotQz&lm7r5s%xk*3$D7G9#*17W?*$Tp_>9V
z<3xf+iHjoud6F+$GE0GC4z*SXPyv6|jJa7aBE}te9RVO(j1wfvJok*K;1=4FDrPl-
z!)Av^#$1dfD%z>q%h+o}`f8gE$4=_=*zn}z5@E>l%N=ai6$hy1t8DqFC%18^gx&}4
zN2iY*LZL;^ro6sPz|8DGCwcnn!>e@&iB+7v`L@4Z1M>~opd_1;dreYMNlkzLB1Lu1
z+h0O^D%Lmg01rAMk>s!zCiPMrNXPRo#VvadG*?`LzjTwpRAI}H6y)ToXxLbV<9g8<
zT@dg|bnZX4lb%8mM35zjyAIkWK12|ti8_+St^o8?e>2g4%a_=HZD-|qGD{;s7(#u}
zMz-&wCs2@+Wx&QW8WkyH%TRwRvq~qG<QfLn)VYmKhNS%zU^d_HTGkZdEdYJ7+=%Y!
z7_imNucb;t1Bdfrum?@UT1z83OteVaB|wDQ#GdL7-bFR3RmMi_X+9j;E_}C%oc+XM
zdY|a|`}Y{UR|Fm7m1V8buD4P+5yprmpJ^Uz>&%l+#swy<m_0$kQwV?B+<ZczdS+sa
zBmiIWicUi>luwwzc3jm_WoVS|Yx82pr8Ln^H323$IJr0eT+#5czY#?KrPVE@*FC|1
zWhvzDB$hk7O&bm+F2H;>QlOY~k#;gP%+j}w^>#GEBZ3GGw~+wqC^-lgb^^6<WXw3x
zg>kml0E_4-Z-}}X$rOKqfgy<0n}b7mT(0YAMZu@C`lf7BJOH6zbe+72qb4R$hy+W5
zwo}}DX*SkIjO=`waL<_<f=`FWG@{AXC&>#7#+s0B0pnKcP{|TRBpX=YN>UMdkPc*1
zP}IOZO;~1%ID$$TGT!Fb6?@=JHitq_Z-?uvOM@z-J;4g3)*F8gSG`J8&~Kr)CrgMS
zkxuIiiyMj)bg2g}J(ZlS$Tur6HsnYYWa^pG=(4j8#_<Y%Jw+@kVX{jiwfGJLwwKR?
zYbXO-aN$ow*4t@m;sk;RgHLVfi<#2$PU%5L;o=&5X+xO_F#Mke;5LpLnvoIFffw}F
z_w@W(tYDB34Zwc{H_=Pa(q#md0lT<UkTcRLj9gfQ&iAdJh=AfaI-fCsx$YDgVKG7F
zx{z*o)>QFXiCcr+NoNCslNL;wR_AW!796#vI$lcR<cFM=gsTEAel-}7gC`Ako;A${
z{3Gk8-vEKGr_^v}L=Xm2q}&y?!K0)hutNK{QDfQ8vGRW*3ZaiKb-jri%Z(a|6cU3=
zf@wVz0>+|e9PGC3LE}N4B!_G7we-KDwa-sHJjJR%OmoH1_ZmuMsYYL#-~x37T>5HD
zm2VIt{0}O9x=e*^N-*rXs{a5?miIe-rk9{kQzJNu7B?e6O-304H?grKTIST(RfEVx
zMrGV?c8-5Sl8Y$gf}takWFVg~U)fZ$g~moDg`L!cbpYIg4zxKjj@BmOK<?J5E?i73
z*pUK08;Vv|jf-uJq2jhAfIBEvW0Lss#M?_s5bNPJ%^32fB0zr#JZJ?$BEa|8Dp)We
z`zo61Bnbex0^r|MRtawwq#X@gU;&sN1#l&Xr<H#>0gO=uh(wc!S$Hc0udG#!5$@WP
zL_r*P5lJh^mkQb*BDq|R#EX;9jV6F);x`H$5_kn`lTsj&LAtOWgUXd@F4tcVVXLlI
zP*ObBJ=fBY7X$Jd#*2PLQSxFvm#6;#R=5~YL^Ka2?cAc1={w}jhjq=3@9L@jT`lLw
zgnfV2W<IlOpU#&c;CaSN@ig~EK(l$A)>!rKAc{$;-jVOQ_+1;>THE5uuBV~t5WDB+
z7XDb2F+HRW1!#3FpO(auTaCnRTlSi_Pk_abb{2V<%Kn!A%Jbi;v;4`1EN0<&+vzoe
zUREnaVY_Z(-KK;^xNz*E8mX?5N{|?Kim87LI2(?`R@=;IYPTca_VT76Zu;2xPkmH|
zHVQbK4@sgp1RdNcojVFyC5A>egvg;3@ojk0Z6x0zr7bRIwhu^LDHWtXWbB)X<hS@}
z&<jPG`^WzPEkBSy)mU<m?W7|9R&VcpmB8<7%Ws$SJsQzfB$NWj)1_n{^HYhg1j~Qe
zZ|xNjn{;`PdHTh7PdA4lKMJ3ss>|7Kmqe%k04o0g7GI_tWH9YZ`wc@2<7BU6UaNp@
zlm}`NMNxOlPTgqy-$O^lQ>1wD^P%PdZ>&>arQiMJU%J41MJv$_v$7&T;zq;StrMU(
zm(`vw0z_r?gL?EHc6%ep(|Pw9o;`nyCo`^{+-RL^#fb~|ePW5181owZ!MzRt0PZ+&
z<Hf=-1k#=gei7PhmHt=A=&r2G^FRLpUu|`1{{TY9{{S)l-MqcE)L^e5nM;zpG2{W#
zM;m4uY1rNMuAURLd!oQlimNF{8<g<|fb+H#Z|0lE6quwvw$WOI<_z6n!Oee@=6aOQ
zH5>M?p?oy=T5l($7>0&IvHhmA`gCSYgugbq`st6<GH#O_AC=3Ws;)iNT!isfFNmHb
z9hIgyYprI%GDJ%gayTtsT(&4B1?)Zn;U3;KtTtrXsenM9S=)q2P3y-rhDUi17h=cO
zZ(f>N{H}+Uk~A`ntLxIdl9GP~DlFOh6!b_o?#k`Phq%{V_SFa_&uwtGKc<K4sn7}r
z6f%x=aUkq8xN$@irhx0(XaKv<AyCV|M{f^ctAM;ks%=0Xr}Upt^RZh7M!dMb;XisK
z?)x}amV89d0}pka6X_M>x@K9z>X^AVvKI2C??=+T=0b0X+umOi`fGoibw#K38db`U
zMno<7Jx+emKt8JCmS|J_tbeQuqG{5m*IDKWJ!}OQcH5DX<AhL!9<WVgcawdy%?$yt
zt^S;E(ObIz09{~O#Dm7Sx<S84m3ub|=)c7nabskQAq>2)sI1JU2PRSt_2cTH2;Arv
zxg%g&;@d&c(n&5LE_Z(&Z^N>sRoov%RF(qz0C-a{3lCLWa7qAEYVKiRIFVG|x7328
zg*hVLJKFk<DN+e$765WIljb-oS$Ko5ZAdpf2_~Thq-$_AQGMW%t&KT>M_weTF4rTN
z2fDO8y?i5DNdY91IfH7{+hQ!IQO2{oDxz~K3@_P0(&n7Y1Tuf})13u3wtx!`>Z-qK
zFHj`iuWBP$4jfHOEu5*a?BQHDSe@MU6vQ<YO2~%SHmkf_V|D<6@p@=*bt&MCMvANl
z0!7VCy+(P{%5_kuT?V>T#iVkI0FcVN%RZa5wzs1E-Z*C~1-Ee<xOypf3|Jd-wO7e~
z&2vr{5eJ7IBu{@aZniet#L*5kp*+??R1Q2esDdXp)bYNQ*v86{cJ6Y$n%dPZxzuK8
zxMn*+=dDR*bRG}|_|~Fyna%tbziFbcL}Q`aDyN|)e2e)y@)bml3Iai`kLbj%){?`x
zRb#}&P01wT3}<hMjcO8UKIOY722qVzgQ%u3L@~;I)3twXVSaU?<aE$=%3o-yIQ=)C
zO5c{EoIWCyV&*EgOPJ2_$c_~D8$`I#tcJuB=^E3cAEsOVz`s33N6PfVf7~yAqK7d8
zlw;+<Wyp3-RGke)vcMLZ$183;t8e7654$>_SgHP*j(yny_EVS8FnReFcQ=)bfx_ne
zYT_jvMTmdwt+weXcrdr3g8e0dxMAs}+w3*sV=tOXUF-(D%~YWTj>^^kogw#pL%7hN
z24p&^6w?!dE$$Y<wCuGKBqd4nV^i>+HD`iF<J&{>oSPb8M9SJO<<ycb_SJl;L}9EM
zPcT8XU&w246%oLAk*8(pc`jiLsS-!F%2l}Be`S9eI+kQSB_wt>zg-pcW8Jm!wHjSm
z)EtZk_m$N80it>VW7T9OOsJuSuEUMJ6lb5K$Ti-w9^=N4coJDlM`i^0K_DAfOa7UW
z$`EgG3DEaxL?9f*$6=9eP1UXJs=N+3sRz+Q{;M)tSmWCu)5WN_qKy~oO+VCQ-@Omm
zXz_n+JfKr0O2=)rNTZCz#k?=tD^fPc>W$`>Skwz7M2-HFT>UYS5gxm^(sGmyG~P^S
z+_tk5uN`P%oL^E;q|;eA#UEbV*ibyH4Qi!8)n%O=vY}$G*Zt#Ca`SDZ&3{SKhqaWG
zdsX6r=545W>U$~UQeYE2j!Vc)jC8p-tEzu1vhQ60_ElOoM`Sk8+t*GU%K)v78PmLQ
zr1}(v9vH$9IFnN(afmKG{Vzq6AsFigf%sa1CDfGws9|ymy)2GUAuN#<WF=Sw-=$tm
z+?f+=k+kvffmCbXQEe)$w*uX?aYIWCt>oBOU7m`VRI#w^tNGK5A(4t&);ulQMA?5W
z!zmyh6x)mvg|;%12p+n$afZF?n6~D*B;Qj-$Beze<JxFr1tcnnSPm7@B9$lUrlx?b
z4o@M%f`LR=G7FwmCxIFr5l7Ab>XTW&spQ?&7;y-SKHAmjHf)!+woX2}#OnL9dd#q{
zo8$;vunP)R{{Ulrkluz_EXP4$d76LH{X2~&PHUk4SWwP=2TEn}5amk<9t8nxI{>Yp
z)4e=mVl;$V=3;-iG*MN1uNEY-HJy<*1`N3ZK*BZAWE}Va2(JX?<dLUo36ago`zz7@
zt<2o<U?K3Y=1Xqg3M<ZS9h7ZWD?G(#Ea4&G`ge{MC52R|JgS9VJ>5rTXdr)^g>khE
zNTk^KPhqQGfFU50A;67KlB}yC<#s#;Z?qyTj8qz0K%jalUYQseF}DLG!2bZnPUMSc
zV|Pj`Ez3-<NtZ>G`k~3q`i9=fzS>4Vb2NATl=Q>?=G^}PEPZs0W5t@i!no_FqW)*1
z1|51l{mg#KuS`BE2gMiEYS@4J^sJHC#)Z=!`6|B@Y(A>mJ)51(EaP^C@lM>x`^g_g
zGP-8WyqRxGr-Lp(-~P&J^y&(EGLciu{7v5;=66m$Usg`WC4HiajNV6EiMW1d)97s}
zdx*2*lZM$A{@UA*q%66QmyzynyixZ4Ca&7uEvS8uGkTBjU}{)SRKz@7rZ~7Q!JoN%
zyXbh4q(*c_+M+{XISUGU<oYQDl@e@_%mG<71n?Fb*E-S*7~S>PR(JKhKa6|(KmM<?
zVu&gif7M%l+4~nmFWo5IeR2)}Pfd|I$14w}^e&^XmffpNz`yTd{6WC|;r*1hSyPV@
zCdY+l@pihESM5QdZQVZ|z6RU$)V3^{T|($=k=VQTcMkgQn-R&wFrl#$YJL^%t%&1}
z7{Va19@2YFVd3v@t2(~yQ6;Pt2^<mmaSMHSf9*Z>T9!OX&~qld&spn+a@d$nXn0F7
z``ydkTT-pz9QL;sTdj4F`|$AyDtt1_+xS=Z)&|k+t7rv>3X15eNkTGt)a#MoQm0yq
zied^|OP&={YM1TSt$WZ1Ub>>Xm=Rr5YU@x0S5((f2O~)wi!3ZsMb%hWuISxmI)r{y
zf3{4t9wqpP#I@vYRz{LHSz=<6p}Mf-YHd|z59&19J@xAsu5{&=)5bhw-X9PY$4KhQ
z)FRsUOsM|=n4Q0gX!(v6QvBEf>#lfpaB80vd87z}{{Y2XJqZbs<s!ffic_j#v?NOq
z{HG&u_)TeanD*kculSE)=oOy(_BYJxf7)_2F(9@1gkR!o);H=IcXc@993zkEYS@^D
zm;v{t3Oxub2dS$`ospD1#FRt-01fKDZm^k#`}YeUbowi2tDh&Jq<q*$pHZxPT!r|E
z9@AUBYZ>z6#>9w)EX9dDEQ?y(<x?&U^CG6G4y1EZLG+5XY(X{Gs1<5MBi<I|e{0%)
zoXGjEj}p1NL%J9K?+>E9ZEpUP$k~&VicXR!l?QtGTC?3#N7Ey#hKuBGj|V5>Nn{?g
zr5B_|U=l=lsv$nHUDg!Fa+LdyQeo&PYkeY)wh~U`fr&`;Sk^O+?9=)gbJ>N!;d`G=
z1S*n1;whgxRg1z!h_UCVu7ovhf7c$$(yfxpfNi^g8da2#>$KQafnO%Z*S?xm#us?K
zt=&#=Ob=pB<dTlV%eDOmnK@96cMEzAAdCwIQZ96=$t;U;rGe%<Dm-P5V9+^miyg#+
z-CUW`#~^jThq{wl45+d&0FXfdc2sdj0O)&Z_@PLCp_B8Hi4jVGpleF(e{y(hMB8QC
zenO-RF!cSD<WOG@HuHt_;%ai#35~dDO&h17e4*YAcTiH3vflQ!sZKy5z{ccj&y`r?
zx&q8B2OEmb8$l!zIq64^R+ej$NVft_w4~7FU<N&gi5g$t15H5$)l$|LJb6}(vBaB0
z5SQWKOR!*2DuR3J;YP_Vf2V}e1WSD+9*VILM-+g_H?oigB%Fh43uCGBfjq{P40St=
z$7rg=yBExNAOXUv`41<7JPF;z)e;wW9w+lZGC{~|RGX;ew}v1h7QULFX{twz7#6<7
z=1mdhhQ(Dxjl+4M0Y!_EkinaCn|sZ}+G($niZBGysvg0qp$TVuf1^1Fqkzx~g=nr%
zz1hZq3||E_3i6)Q;S?EVN4Chq4jgYqc+t>Ls0?=P9EcSch$pyBj}m`n7z2iOP_R}2
z4F!OxIeB|Q^IMN9B1o<7#JY2_G+nbF50<NO%mJkUEM}b8nHuN5xS3q-EW~pJnj*B3
zfB+U8E&-!LUQ4f*e}wZVN@5jYp*U+-NWq77&Gpimk}ZliL=E|Cr?R<rn6_+H975cK
zKoBvRQZ_81dEC(1AZ&>MoIqp0cS*N~(|s>hk_26$w+;ICfn0D)U&?iRa^QZNSQ$}`
zD=zrRkX(x{rk0ihr}Gf0qL?O#>a3)56=chuJ>%vtV~x~yU@7H1ZGXBKAdgiVKBbWu
z3o?mU@p1Ok25dPm<{^!(#dRLa44A-+#=*yT5$dNbFc>}_R*|=tA^VM`EjBYp;czHT
z5d>TI8oFf766}y~Uc<-RN)yuqQi=?9Fi1}j!qk=gxmE4EY2bKPvIu8|yoUh3tcQpq
zm!B8_OAi-y3lkxzr+=9nlXyp@Qu4+(lA^=1n}SH=R!O5Qtb8OM6)z8&7@1blxgZ1G
zO<|8w4=juKj#O9?opz|buU#xe1ImD=K)?b;&m&JzS`D-kZ3F|QEiKiEBU-abD>HbG
z+t_Q$s?oXBo8P{KqgEb+T{9s0>5kf~9SPzMKRONWJL?t}@_#ZB+wL$Y(O!||$8Q{D
zIdOjtjVmrfPbO5zcAY3O<2=o^eYK@3`NL}fqm73eCMG`B3<rdrFUH-qK2VF)%4{oL
zOI+WDsB*<97AL|vTC|;QkWIevsoDuQ6(4b@oR{F5!IGI}6;Q{0yw5tZ>M6SB8|m9x
zMOVdeDz1a!9Dh40t;)9$C$`d=FkQDfa1N&SrjsE}fkqwntqIT!f&c(mX>RH`P$N@e
zdkS{lSimi|)X9&L6SHnWNF%a?6BTW`9o@CAMS-k|Ns3czUixWTCn$!XXJw*8Yh2!{
zK%uT%mQ`Xl++16QHcmW*?U6@ry|kVNnOIZIMBB`bJ%1*>6wWcRS@?NqZR!=3g93@-
ziB9ET89!AY^%VYBPGQbNZ&0k-n<P_sJWP&cnn@29V^LFU3X1A7BDOkl(qZ`2`$c1#
z)ak4|$pI$BA+YpPwv1K-jyH7N$on2qTKLVs3kk<KlzRoMD+bJ&vHt+ff233WHTQIk
zHuwo&V}BaM_iNa{$lvyV?0ti(`0^992Kp#b4>KD!F~`eEN2cG|M;c|Y_~ZJG3l#00
z7TQXW5%i7~U$l5@u)lb{$&&*EmmBiQhv{8@+7y_wWT3~4c=z$-qnR~aV<Sa|Vp8(O
zGe%T=CbzNimmNvtBkIle3O8|iGuzEdV`9aJ0Dp!d-p$RAX{eEcsU&~~tWN+au0REt
zfB?BCfC9XCT<b?U&OR|Kh^EZk45WYZ(xqLW^JO;&b)LA{WwEhITw$ZX11J9g(^&W9
zI9DFZis(rt2+W(;R9901Y7KQo0Cu%DuCAa&c)M$=Z(TqHwMN>tO)x98S8Www38^YZ
zw|}4tZK(pJ8tMS$X(5$ofwoMB>ci?axer!OpxDt7vT*m6KXhK>y0A&9jol<!Vml^H
zRMgt3jW|7`qRJXK8<B;W8nz@O6s|jeEiPkkh;g^1QoSEOJm^Wb$<s+=>^-Bn)|8Q~
zv6OBdyus}i%ehHTtlw__E>{siZ!|63?|<#A;RutX=1AW2yG#%6ohgZ?Xx?EijT}S+
zz!Aubx0Vy5nE9C0A4{5aUNu6y^0P4^SNX^xk#@fHEDvSxUYOal%N<r2N%R&!uvTVD
z1J-dxz0t4tMLZbWIzhw~h<iV_skw*HQ4)_hdR|LpOjAG?&9NFC$AvAZ;s`tlHGk^m
zZLwsL%&cqb0<e0%8N<(!Z@DJ4sCzHOdusOgJe)FZSkO+mUZ9(LYqhNjE-9{=k@DS3
z8guT4*#7{!{u4>-Q?K^W@|pwKb?5`Y9Pk&7&*6XV6-$BVmG?v{2eO$~9Ydt6o-)O+
z@2LHvkyk%2BOM8i6#8vkoFkJpLVppX*f?(p;-`gP+lk@msYD_+0O&yWRffx0+_k%{
zT0i7Wlw@06pBHUN5m;$^i{HMkJ<x!gclOa`h({91ZX{pPN<?-N;rzfeu#G^zya}LA
zL1)@-rH#E57dx(Xur+gQ3Z#TF5Av73^*cyW!p4h=o1p}H4I9cl>RqzO<9~r<vz`@T
zznBHN{glU*ZUWWYENOWMk5IiWEtB80)O7=Fr_$$7s*lr@iH@9&FVtN=Za_iYEpy9-
z3nF@o%<9qTw%3iTu*K%LajN;gVF_)#xZaP66D;Q7j|sI_iUq42jVx66iZ@nW%@E^j
z)goImjW~*9r~qC&n+qCM;(rWQ6tO#a(2auvMeKM}F@@Odt$PhkEHyWwaT7XMc@E~#
zavX(S1aScJc$<o#`)aI8px}3K6;)fC0j)6-&m^YpqViF~jgBEpw3;4Qq9R8SEa${U
znR|^^PbjGof&d)pF_u&2yrwlQHrNhzM8==|w)R!A+2bXnC0f=bc7IWqGbo?t9eafk
z5=%zQhJnV`E_6PM9?|6=-WvL<UTI|(k+)dsM2Q55P`FDQfZX(;L}RL$<tIP}r`J~e
zoekZGeHk(Qxa1|3fgAy<1It0^6a<w%P~jPGN&S^N9uSYFh!ux3V^g!bfRJQuRV8&d
zxVaX!K(S$?1II&pE`Qdpu^R0LfRHk-?L5QW7*I@39H`^l%AMI2uVN2p5liGpu&w#=
zpd^KpA}%tmz7ls-JlL|S^Alv8Hzxz>6;o?lXsQqoD^UR@S|nh05Z;Xq0Yf1K5(qSQ
zQE){;I*W_jodG0?74EqUuPFwEdTOtYBxlS^Nf{pZ5k!_RHGj9pM#lOmQRGRFAp^x9
z-d<Ehjzu0nFY_WcVa!ue<$S`dZY?h|I2t^-@yQ>}Vw<lQPRh>TwqG#@fZpA-Yk~DH
z@Z0X5HlnuG!HaOydvLC7#AVhZr1#ehm>U@(lIrNixM^ccxWwjFF}B;=PBfb%+WPuy
zQ({YT8*i|?4u8RV7>{b$jdiEx1A{e51CJ9-Dlv^s`A~EK4rJ4i##$9TjXMGooqS|^
zC~LVdX4~tcWeZAq+Je3-=~lEM>T7g?B<#Zbth$nQ^j7FwDh?JFtbfy%GE6|XgjV4k
zD=TWsMm+Z!2luPEUZXLJWVONfyDCbt*IOPIteVNXYJUoycT_*vE4*q?gq!fFV#FT-
zy}K!RzbPM*@ql?h?!6#=RA7H7dIbw1U8fAHNU+w`D()01L)m*%vUq`2sAUPzipt5{
zCbpz;wQL<@BWc~t+OhKqS%qs&Osp<J+--U!F<#dk>!Jmi>%xr?@poLBw(umBo1Gm2
zc^{I1wSSlTvnKMzj1RiIi1gOqN{?nH^To+E<GR$ZKUT?*KZ9^Z9DUJhowYZ82WNpZ
zRU{53)!R=t_Gw+T3fzK)$<amo&kE4!g^onUjr=3%HJr>%)-kz&EN#dRb*t0jTz7`t
zWr&tNr{1RYCd`~YGc)7-clL^7q?`0$Kg*ei(|=3Bb?Uie;tGC>H%LF|GE?E5tDpBj
z>wW5N`(O4N4gTr|_<>(&y(>K99%2XcR#3>i&FPnpSz8@o)?4l!fB~sAeB3x;NUh_R
zNmZqk`^<Ygg=PDDI_J>W_f=NF&riWjD2>0HDK6);cDqG1fB2fW6JA&KFI^<JPQz^m
znST<G{EPP0)jQkynBu5k^$%S6rfeKW{{T#;(#Su=BkqsGSVZy_90i4Sbt<Hx8Miqi
zy45w;6u|Bk9BZs=g#b;e4M;Txfe>`4xTr2T0dw75vO+Iva1u@Hs=HsZx`-5w+NRaQ
zrh%L)tPS-Va;w)+0QKZ6wv)z-rBtvSXnz8#w!Kxwj^R?$uPtb7<-HUDd~C^aG7}~P
zX%j|XPQ29Dw871XHyv^zIvp8#t8-Ic3Y_VEN?xCly>*SWl|CWbJH=;uc`Ry*t)cWi
zcT&RnxI7=sUv}KbWea?BW2ldTk~ARk1$liG?mY3&63r3a8;gP|Y`lLeWXX^DTYrO0
zqqJ~;+gNlo>Ss*k_0=B$BHpTUJ#oMFvPZBQ&6UCHGC0?d)mmsa$B4GzUQb}Ek812D
z^Xg2tFaiE%K=xj;e^bZ@RanWeSeD+sYh9NA04lw%q|iE!EE!#3EXW)eL^t?$mbFgX
zNz3HNb-?p>uD4}vbsmQn>6;n6rhkc4qW#lzZEGd*b0C+<o-^j#a0{*1w@Ti&R#J@G
zjY?FJaaG;jQ@gm;0qQ?Z<nQV7L{6}_;pl(ut7fl~)34o-tFNHeCqte@&qxN5&!c~I
z?yp1Eqr7P)xE-hLu6wAza?`<|8M3*!wYXG(2)H8rYy|^(DSZGQ+AMF~Vt*;Xq-}(c
zV|{JiQ<EDeA{OlxQ1=SQ!WdXytu{(c8bCE5f(Y)ZfwpHAb8tq6nZto3XIJC_Q+ri5
zF=KsfD3L^5Gg$3VNwr&eB#=%%M$QTi&v>T3Vh%^>HJaKDbu?7DHa0gG6rdz~<{`G1
zC(%WLv84yhe=UK~Ue^?(B7dx4*lxJJjb25FA=AZeHKhn7)Pb=fed1B5wxm{1P;o9?
z%!hJcLOX>85N*`njTSMHZ@R!~O+pYj5n5!hCsA6#H%b+F?KPbQbE}^!`^JFqr{*(8
zQI(3m({d?UOF*$B36CnWk_Loc+<4XchrEZD(?}*}SC}_QM-DY`^MB1LR(;GpfKi}v
zF9p6{QaBn2T`8T795MrKPL`p^5pdS~qW;Pg69FLcp6(RZG<#!d*jx?(_fqZ-?R37h
z#9NvI2((~vy$k`Vxg_(~jaf&8)zn4WDjexyZ&eHqhzs1Ec~pzvzM?U6spVEttpF4#
z*bjY;Ol(jQv@tx$;eS?$ZdMi=Yh0^9i^Ue@x#8PIP@~-%_L{1(BWdAAi~w}@&>~VI
zc+o^ED#E6%AxU2;J1PuG*=i+45FjlTxKjN=eZoBy=@co_DO4*piqe6jF4yBxZdRv`
z5*`v&8x2SJmZUrhZ6sTrMTwA(!A6=rrop#q#)B9)Z$%-fD1RBFJBEg$K&+eBj}{fo
zx@p^UP`4U(=zSFWf+HGPV{)<m{{RV7&h;~5?K?MFfY$V0pB?iB^#Bt@&lbu$Xl+Tp
zMJ-@Q%9C!=;Ep${`3H{SdS#UX;i2!L$+b3+0o_up%7VC&{IkgHJkcWU+k0DE*EZ2|
zv7c>5?E?@1I)4LE=3hlWO+9rD1&lHU3$ps$p4yf3k~?alM;=vavP>ib2_#<kpuR)T
z8z>t9*8Q~MgpgwrCz`_LjVSB2h*71vR-AF}#f<CBQs|5%Vg<#irYIf#IDB&-!alm#
znt1W!GDv*`nKg}plO7zB$sj&80YdhJQ9feiNL;rL3xC)tH7-E}n=)BnefHmg94%Bi
z6M>_jqJk!mn-4{*zcCOxztKuM6(Rm-BHsC^`I-5-`YC@t24JDCPJmRjh&0>*?4mjV
zZ$4Z5?etYnQ}Eu$(LgfBMy-D88{{I3Ai3miU?_l)^5(Q^cQbk~NV)SEIT{gElTc3U
z_=U;mSAULJc7Y*aN5gAXr2=fK8!-Znj)l&e+}hmrG#&Bzmlv_rQ++uc%8eTCV8yog
z3Rch&yOS#6boYKyMo9GAPo}&9EZ1h@P08;y=|5Cw&M?vg89^&*PcXXLys1VyvGrAK
z))RciXOisdIFKryPDV<WfD#vp;46el$Bk`ZDu4d~OH!koUY_RXf|R(yTU&m1hsYPo
zM~w_>pl>iZcI_lp*Fl8e65IY7CQh-yc@-ntC|9;78*^3w{Zv)ARNppbxT5VY1#h>k
z$@t<^?4tCm`B|tnCTjuS)G4&<N#7M|exJl|KPMrD;WBQIy}<h_H<Z<`h|^-;H=a^#
zVSnTNv?{!3a5p#E=oG(IP@)wlUBR!~L9Hm4P0hsDp8Z?Yjw!}iSQ)`$RO{h954N(~
ztl1=8t*d1IqU%qG2g~CB0J)TSm>p4jeI~qS?$AN!dOVUzE16|t@-e$H<5V@*N~)+a
zZd`-!sH+evwyFXuMMaHv?&<_dH5avUBY%}v^Z{$pF|nU1$i0zx_L>c8bbAz#a|}MJ
zG(c3v3~2GjH2{XC{6&^H)VsgBqf<}hZ4$cL#gq~0qyC#kZlvXhi6S=cB!N>fn=6t=
zcgXc0`dK*Jg>`#fzxk`GKI`O%;neV6VXhJ$+86}!(yRq+KwaXy%si-dGyx@;^M9(E
zwLzo=R8-emm=RM`T}TZ+i`Cl#Pby=4Ne_sBmVP1K+g`z0SwRFcFt|KH2EKP&T?4Ef
zS6nQX{{T$p(K-JB4UaF~HJ;@sD^lxd!!$FnMkZg)D7-ER{nOZKfLnBbh6ihRv9)PB
zE2)jf<!uP8(Hq5_VU*}mRwnq+HGj=yoTnu<lrRPI@zddJdlrID{;CiB>wgLwJRU6M
zJ?!6QD+wn$Hu$HL{{Sf!732OTTVGL(zk4A57{T_?WC6O^KMW`T04*Og{{VB}<qxKU
zbn6qJf(H7k_Vgy_mp<|IpRS^#aOQ1XuC0BihZ@|1=`&+Z4oLq121R4&zJImuvjCS3
znKc#?FRR5~5U6D;coAy$AE&ZDZ==E--J=E>KfB@jt3B0(`7*1in;=g#+S_&db*roj
zS9^GMwFf62Q8R^G?bG;lp$TV0bz;2soo+pKD@{s$QK{v=#a-U$Iv!q%S}Tc`{q@o1
zp*EXO#+*U#TC>DrbZ|q&-hb;2L8F>{Nf=0@-F9Wvax`e8RElOs2g7Rvem%5`&k_5J
zai+B7Zvn%VkOXHSZ5&NYo}&?s3rg1jfooh-(Zv}WD8CwB8-|n9YHlqEH{vL48X&}~
z$~KKov{R28vM5k4MzvS>)|iEFGJ0r{3FKlJr({cQ8jJVULrntMsDHKerh1gE9$5fh
z;8NkAC3e_oc#5v%mPy@Pcpf9huG2|48-=#%?V+?rFd2=O{6VXEh;8E>cv9>EGZ$>$
z9WI00RD$H2FhgxxonZz-Jc;76*dD?wJSn#?O)wiqJ6IV53wyWcN5mV0cd4Y7NaOxw
zVaWo=g+GUr8<P@56Mw*U2IiCiq~%?dgSx`T-PL?m5;2Q*(!)({K#6SjlIo{{s}k|G
z_#Q-X^-&xI5JnP0tZi%G)m#ZRD<OU$Ztd-<QE{gc#(*uYSX5k!kSGv%TrTU|QEO8h
z5XK6N5^YMvs!f=HDY%b?2jaM(3fQUFh@-}C0p~)|oq_G+Mt@Zc!%%1tL077QR;xsl
zQC(e34xr2jmfg1$Y81or&!&?A0&;+jqRm6f@UZ7`T;j|HPIb4h?$nG{;`-382LApP
zaHNx`wuIzdj?Od;<+YD07#<<?)q`@XF>4!eJZLEm^s~P$k1eLvZl$J0{{RS~baVcw
zjvf<E=Hfi^ZhuAqZMBUiv4N+PF=LH|!8-AvOsgA##cg_hdUWV48Bex{KTVz35Xvkq
z&Wg%;9ilKO=XNxDXj#6hMT>7H{4HwNlc&tkM-XMYmMncVt8|>3pAy^C*;JayfM$;r
ze9g70W2k8uTT5`F^)O>(9PPwV@cdI9YyhSCL26QYWq(C6D;<l#18R&pRylXgxsjH~
znG{TgH*?)pF%cLiO#!DW2gEe9VY=NIf;&N_ZM(#+bvj>#SVeMdYGN^}uz!k{ngFcQ
zGBttFbD^}7UyhVX6<OQizLYlrHkCplg8|1{dm1!lh{!+$8<U`<&Fpmb)5@W+qtjYV
zl+xf`qJM_}0L)7c8j48Dq0ak|4wm6+F^b%6OP>^$u+oxVq75e2jM)mU#-@{H@f|7r
znWNdX5Y7lB4jK;HO=WHOJowX61OZ|zYoN#c$xkl`_3CRVNLj60{U$#z1xe7kEPl$H
zybU7*^=$rTbT9+_q`4jJYYmO`qxD>qlhpEN27lnWMf5I|vEf@)MNuy-n=@ZvBntw0
zYoNVu;N#1Wi1_l5Tpjvw0f!1^TnMrH5eP2KsUtTsbTtlbIqZ1Q*Cy`wnuVf&$n4nK
z@%KGoPbdAPC$n$Ur497JQ}9V|V^#9M*n!wb(8jDG^YC2(3U}@#_HnK0WVX|PsN>wL
zdw;DiK-(HzzO@7~Uhf}?huvOnUcww`ap6cJ7D&aH)y|RW7-<AwG|T>?bx>IHLBM+W
z)3Qw*F}$-dNTUUvj{pTl?d613D+mu%>QMCDHp!P$?#CZDbHEDu=2X+=<UUqIZ<a%I
z*rSq<MLE^FtesaZ&evEH>yIB|{71afCx2SoZk{VTvTWp_H8;IYsw^u)NFu03T#Bs&
zDrzlKZBXkXSh5udh3FKJY7cdG@yeo@9a_ByYc$ABv<-2otg6xIECytY@kV}vDLoj6
zd>1SiTibEtSN%G6^@&sBjlQsIWI(%t?Y&c@ot=I$$<>GaH4ozZ6t!K?QE#rguYYRl
z=QciSByP&Eko+dB0-Z&6-pcGSBh4L#r_D<15m7)E3=cZ6)`#k&$%<o)O&0(z>-LI3
zQq|V04MqEFtxO76RfwwC&<9jl5o5sA*IJMsqxA1q^Uz>qx97$`DUaVl%hD@jCm3YL
z6dkgm-4pgV>^0z2va-4{SrG0<9DhL-?K&@1PNR=@vgF02$=~q~<5=!eJ;=J-gCh=R
zIWOifmm(<)r;(uH_@%{T_oR`&ihHPHG^lbh^vFdc_s3_avXa5DlL=1{u1}`bmLarX
z6f>9pH++zfrh;|q8SU8veN=hH*~c?9L)lB%{Kryb$I5E0y#=|c=l)Y?Pk$L3K@DZy
zLR@07wm{$<As&%>-j)!5O$8qC+DGwH8Bv(JbgTaWJwg5&)5}H8inWyABR_Bzx%xvR
zY}r_(=tz}Er^0Ir)~9+j-!Iki-++`fP3spGS5sDrTBCcYv@qm&pJTqMrPT5_rHZjd
zxDq00#A~6ay37&CB9XKJk$-<ktnt(3D;wjzw^&?u*E)zba&o}~Ln-%JPKNwwm_+XK
zO9K>xRpt*PLTR$`*sek>yL2RteWI-%P9K=AcfiWQhMU3rYO@@~U9p`TksZVuk1ka4
zTR?QbWgJE%V$e*IZa3L|r(WYko;OSt6DuqEnuGRI^59Gq#{q+rrhlVaJ*~HEdT&Sx
zWkN!>os{kz>ot+=vJMB6Q0o~FAfy|Eu7`~?jpCg>be={|Mme#KN}dg^4SKAKz^W)b
zFRco!8yV_q$1#eF*+!I<F8hE}WhUfPc=Enf@<}CwTg7b!FC1h|YyIk})e=r!&B<*6
z_i1neRu>mrQ+aCJS$|5K0yVeWN)pFV0I;IE1Ju>Pbuc>ayB;Fl)Fp-9;Q=OtgD{F)
zHwgu(*#M`zajzpu>Il1H%;b1^TA0GemLksSv??$?=GB}elv?cG(?mf#8-m+NBKpyg
z3yi>#5%D8-^7K@Dtjq5xKEG947%-7R1OddFsJ{1PCrg7s5`Px@slB;#tD`dgw0vta
z?g}m~K)$W04aU@@K^2tpwOAGJp@tS3Rjw(4ZNPG-QN7YQ(z;V*71^|3!YC1S;%MW5
z9h4LUi5BnHj>LI|dxfY%VTS=zRa2!+Sc$GCqPXxh2<y<~7XqgCuJ?_p3{qe`%MMnq
z%(0LG#3-)GBY({{pq~-rNMPAnNe7QQS(QO2i8StT3of04k~9HccCL+g$N}N0x2n3s
zbr%go&$o#x*7i`!K=EWSN#-fm#A`<#LRMh67dmjD94y5)^3I)vRHhzQ;Ov`KP1vy<
z1w_6~(bl@kDtffrh&y!dtK;X*JDBdP-bR(2z})>5&VLfBUU>-Eqf3q^t>{2}oY|n0
z%R3vq3Jjf2VHs;Lc9gWT86;^wBf_cWJ4P7uBo5PRBbbPmNpecGjr+IYDq&WRbp!_8
zeieApf&eNdX(4oRW*}d>obVq~W=8Uzj|<wHk}$Ynk*HPUNK2D6k(FSfTU`dVpmBG{
z8xnodr++RLEksDu6ANO*RU`6&aUlR)apOjqtXB)~c2Z2%CgSAKl#HfM(<5vkuPaa-
z0JrbfiqZ>h+hbEQ6@^>2t#BlzhQfK%*s{m+$r(D1AkvXW(zel{BU8$rjyU0u#@12H
z@TFm*tRrnfzPzakye`T(-&$&1=63R+7Qf#=V1K05H!;1*CtGo(urkrWWLw-XDw(m&
zO0BpXn^;xk#vof=03!bY*;QCPN(d#JK)fiPG6i8vo9?r40=*RS3|t0o9#m%DkSiw|
z1LsCI*cJkq{Yy8O(_L?4AqqWarRK?V8o}ch{7(~deRX~y)p!wVu&$C3>*hQ97(K8r
z(0>Ie+RKi9D88y=82P;lA=?pOW|X3vj27)ezeRbxY`?n4qqm~$11Nu^lklJZYICJy
zHd3OW<bba!`j^*A%^OPuutp0>BLzS?v1;_V7>k989xyj5JZ;+C>!w%QON(-GT|d2N
z$v|)~p!Evz{{X5wxXPIH+;;x}PYJ$54u1~g?)n96exvIj)A4+W5Bki2LUy8XFZ(OR
zfwWj_+Ivl2&fn&Kgx&Bsnu?w^+$(Yj71pV}ai9vdMM*VNdI04B$b+?oIiCwGW<We3
z*q==%pUh9*A6;v8AU;s{T8=<quoYVoz|mM~RHr1tUBq#x`Xhhblf77d6qPyBSbrx_
zh}!qMf!;=xJs3f^I{2H=4K0X5b(|>_f(z|7@6w&f#4Nj}H*Pxzx<74as-zj1%%Z_(
zL+z~AkFi`&XSTYpZ?3wzjgOnOK%0#XR?Ik$Sf<_=LU#*WnAA{+uE{Y4dV-+Q3WHIz
zu+jiwb+^!KLGHNkxLAcCicwIORe$D4A5Culp~sFqRh=|<+K#-BeJ5<C%yEe@S3oLi
zENVcjB#u4xV6`9tR-g)P71kAciwXd)(aMd9kv1Me<iVq-yg54aQ&iHXkRIm;HXNvu
zXpPcA!0`vL(5J#NXGJ_?@)$T}_+7rkUSp*71BX7wKk4N@A@HAyy{<HiJbyMigQ5Mk
z%ehxs<jrd2&wXC~v#-!8ckrH|-Lc!-P0I;}R7N+v!IbumrjyD$W6nLG52B5r+$&;w
z5-&C@{{WhYEMi5GEpYO_hq);7i*&qn_?<qx*JJ8KAM+$XMJ?A27qY#q^8gSmc#REq
z^BW|CjBc(Epw@<WN3<s{8Gi^nOpb?vw;NVz@gW_ex>HRUp4U8?I&(;tETA&qQCN{?
zlsjY%5x=~K>!&+bzfPCtdOU5!v{r9Qiyx}9OgoubEZ`MwJ=0wJN@&$(2QTxUDA{E!
zJX=oI{u5OZsPMYlKrRDms5GC-tgO!wv*>i>Z$%l|kbsk*$cK*C)_=qIxY5~$c%sh*
z?CLGX;Bu`Dd7SjvS%HvlV8@F9C@?-2O_nJRJiL+p-#}_&Xl2HS9RS+EyEzxzb~;jT
zgC&d2j-zzQ-U4ndu7;PpsJ`74@f@o{H8Q~{X!ei+y8EWxl(cGv9ELtGcoD*yu%Nii
zd7$#0wfnAqqf2g?O@EjR@!%+}jkI3l%N$>otCSW{qRbTV?y8l*P*=^A5h9yvE(JKJ
zblb*(h%~O$<#lU|gTq=NW{Hl|xDR&UvXjWoT;P66PgmDi@JSju^Hj1}gG{z;xe8#A
z3pW-5$4VOGrlVWw?4d%#6a;8@A2JjoHnCbN%w<m|O&oiyet)AvUq2iTt+@gBPYUbD
zAtu2Xn~->3fI8kSuiLE|!^YN)jjRdRx4MP6j|uS(MDq33q-B)uW3j-tnyIw_U2-xs
z0oV@u=-85Vw&TjH5@Zo=;fJWzgGvb{KqHOCAr}*}NJY(;m^C}0Yk=e)@j~4rHmV0{
zqBx8*Du6&dj(@bkm0h}r@b=LIDYl?@P=E%+X<@@kzY%UU2q^;E5l_b>c}^FITdilu
zv{>jx_3fu(mmg9Exm#Um6AH7CfUwr6(r%M?DhiwF>=h>awE8IsZ6rH;??%7TNQSYd
z7C>0A?53DNd(@Mq3^*Vj+POMaNP(NwD_OO!VXt>89DkQaQQJshrMZxv`m2DfG@~gG
zDv~rb47L9NP~FzB<w$6p@C>SLt*I$Rh4d78Ws*xXfp9IYDL&C5)Z4OvE4@QojR?DM
zx)X8CX;&!5+Hurhg;kW?`HleWAK6a>E^_ifx134r2KMxt6HhdYW{|p$I_XejTVL*u
zZQ)v}mVY!hQMmW$J(NHkkcRQO+Zf`0!BdeqaHs{N90zR)q-Rn|zhLE333L(d)N=yn
zpH>G)ADsJ89XXy<c?$R<j9dUgp)$(|+q-I?cwWqE5Uf(GmK%9nTY70cj4W>E9ilZM
zd?mTiC5?h^ZUAYh6=j!beSPDgpiJuAFYBQvA%DODy}6O;trf{Z2n@}?Zkp+OML{|N
zaobdF*RTSq<Okq&XxKDi%Ab4FL!Hn91Yj^DTTtPaXrpBU#G8XcX(nQB*S@Dpl(IR%
z7e~>yn;r(LQHG>gQ{_uz!TYD{piLXBM4Q{bnzsOsCoJoZq#qM@3SMl7mBDuKjsS3~
zgnzmgB-;Aa1PZsc&Gn-aG_fQ^330af@26l47z=Sc>0$-XA$n#FzHDoKSc)Ej#5PQl
zAuDhPD+*g356p>M`Ely*cvCrs2$|-R^OZIzhRVOZYd%@$$tm|z`XY+~Q(XpXbocp=
zqq$dXQG!u^+E?{tq=;f12`qh8q0ylT(tp1a09*YvgZiD!x#BQ%Mb^|)H(defW1S9~
zp305#Xaed@g<LNs9=a?F1o3|Q{dLgDJwHrVUXdC<yt{)A`<hNOe0(#^NLT9>p@sh0
zm$FCt=@?;oVu}^_*Cc`My?MIc-{g1E#aH;6Jr@u2B+HOo1}hi;05evGW>i>s(tl*m
zZ5(3fyz&FnM~*d(7Bm)B76QCq>Yl0dnSUn>f2YSjA~-yp{guAme41Pl$$MqKW=>vY
z*|~CM&8x_C{3<vo^iXe7O@%?O#AHaQBb{|YGyydP)Lhh11lJnjT|kZ;LF^*6a`(%J
zBPj3z$G^I=$Gj_j)IUo-yJ=bIG=F)rIZ()_3}KWWcAzvS`sgXhiNwR7E>A8MxdQBa
z1!!Y*<%Vdc+-{Df1E)HF^tRuZp2Nkzk9Di1@P@wtb@tXa+<tDW5N%zx;V+1Op`DI|
zsBOe(K-RLQluDj(1$Ib=$4+&*FHgjR7V@LijlqtsuDnfTbsurNf}dfltbZ9jPh;kP
z<lS9Je8+$O*L`(!LpLyIQRQ0p-fTrq7Cdb>=TKH4SdJpAHN3#O8*A;RBmBG>WVMU<
zMRnH|Ij-fwn$U@5JA6BdCe>N-CdUD!UjuM)z|**q7h|{Iu_M(*>n*dV!yT=;!6WxY
zE+f(m%sBkq$Wx8neHzx!>VJd&k`=XykbMHPx-4xcP*z)BB`yKy%GA&5Y=oEP<3d9M
z%<6cKRS!Fr=wIb#EltG^-KM(eIFVZr7jUZ!(1eIN(G`OWia<#O^R;kLJL{@8_s|8a
ztSTxCf!|CESXSRc>joJF6CDPC_OJF<0cURERJ$R#(Sf)lwx-oqP=CgpA54)JWL6#`
zz9cn?)Cc8ddcL45zf5(3lOM`Te>Hv2M>VH9&N1>NmND-OKdYT{)p*_+Zz@o<{{Zdr
z7x4q^QfipmW1|i>clOleHRH$pD$VR#tbPn&4=AntRi5w3E~dL*23IwJ>GNCeWBo6s
zdBhe2(O!e7ll?y>et$NKCG=cYHeNeo<hDB-+Qm<5o)yzg3^<#grY0vAY;&)c_XF^_
z{j{`j%M_=|VxW=%9EjvaQ}pb+Gu|?6C6DP-dbE?xjhQJPBoY-M@bp%8Pszs|mYxtq
zktFd*qU3)zFK3Bps}#EliI!-sw6Nm7mE%ESkC>4pFXTvs*nb{6o9K8{y5&Ie@4HOJ
zM&<Cm&YIN6qbgd{LN-M!hB1+4A+^&^$|fgMo+J?y=Rv`vlb7zAx@IGtxhPzV-eenG
zdRKv>{IW`|E-@JiYdBARZ_KY6JBf@$>mXx<+T1h1-tf0z=R&eDc0LVGw$kIelT3Hs
zq8GUYgMSMxxPMc4+3HJ0nl_v56M=nBo<G}4IS4Z-`6(~0hNt4OtottFFQu>9TEYg7
z31TH&1iIYl!;X}Rjwv@=z}5zuVg`Z0(2H@gsU9s#TfKCsWGlggawGQFBb~uP*n4fI
zFfOF4hF07_;CRszVYuGc@2aDbqXlEfaIPLuYw3Pe2!AA!ms=1AJu84DSg1N){Oi2s
zwyksADxPW<xhzPf=mdsw?(P@irNtNXKJtx5t-^w28?+|Xc*rhnbO4(k+F)B_3wyRa
z??zP?AjqXp4RxWZcJPv*@--nPy|)Wc0Tu$lm61--asedTp_LXhIJWDL%kJSv$469@
zx%;NZ)_<j$Lh6HYBIjKQphe)3P1K7HT2To_TLE*->p?FKzn06|Z&ngRYZi1Ki_ydb
zfgP?zi5<0MF&#z1k3}x!TW;3^!rJIfUNv9{8(24e0vS?(i#ENKLi*U!%W&b0L;>$x
zS~D^dEUm2|3L8<*imnFh*l9slVPGR;Z%s>F0DpY44>E6R1Th-|Kpd#ADvb%GS0O;T
zV5C<Wi(IJ((c4T=KCN+a!k3kUN-T5~ADU}e8(8qFmMynv)bX_g8cTW0$ZN)fmmI$^
zSwSj5u@y3_dBs;jYx?TGY;7l&BxP&Z3v=|*zy+EK&j3$xwJ(rBmAM*gE?Hr4f<|kN
zbbq8=l6M_R?Y#(OZ`=lq;CIxpU^gm-C%5}+ufW^YP*vRBW51^6fsrI(?dD3MhaE}1
z56i|=<B^H%RsFQbm+^&La0bGGaebxHZ>`iHwwhu&PB;XlWP!xF{gqb8k%f}V2LOVl
zSr>3DT#;)x15m8jA#@*fD764oM8s};0e{4^9e-^xivm2MTgDCj963-{Sm0*xZ)2ej
zcn)`_aPnGwlt7Azpx6&Z4n_sz0%D*GZlOq;No_dWx{W5XoA3>Cd#Gku0=n-6vGAH%
z7#|W9Qrv3z>W3hJZ{ao4Eu;Wi{q@iSvl8D4q38%BfEBeAyOjyH{6#QSFd)#3K!5tF
zCN>T{rC1UsLRl_1UaKU&auBPudT&6m;m=yUYI%2SR|`^QfeCTxu2nX$98EtwEUry}
z2Zb*w5dhi+(}x?HUQ?k^Rq@mY^IRp!Ao0`CDrCvV(_~E}fEN4(hj6YiUTu;e0oMFE
zRj|~>yfPNu?hp?eP2gz&IT<dbB!6ofbFljFRd1NOD?45Eve;=xXi6iay2P$-+m5s+
zpBPz8h06Q8N83kaGk>J6%reJ`CimBcc^<6(Z%~-=0NTBFI|%w(zX7**w!BP_=1T5<
z`xErj+Fs_xZ3=;EvYSYUv6t(v<TSZD0pCPiNj&h9n{C?m9-bAmYeHj*>VGjk*+*la
zqyt3g_{8K-IsRI?^8WyMi!q?UT$y4|=1A%j*1UaHwG?sVKoA=wV(iDeQcZ9r@3ZD~
z+TO&B@6<g|bnFAL{{X0(=?LaKTh(3&jW5LUC%&HQ{YAQ_d*pwBo(LE4j()m9k7ajl
z)5g77%V#W#iknnbh@Le|c7Iik`BbXVBZAyjg4Fj^&@-)3YMb(|pbD@St=L_Erd|H<
zu<td5&Y&Bb^c^AuY)GbW6WdGhUqGd828>9@hR2qaYz%nvb3}5D$cw*kB75qryJV4j
z9f#9L=)j(+ZSL$M{I64Y?6X{p+f#a{oSL{Qv2_WeP!uu)VW7~``F~4eD)*XU4$iQn
z;zGYg>Y0mdi3e`A%~$U3j-A9j=gh;6{wUY#tSsSppR}!Q;~m{H6WFDFnpQqQBryCW
zR`fXSsMnwW0QwcwmzaP50FKqw5NLFaUPoezMf9<zGe0jD2uBw28eJnslqeQvVSYU5
z+3p)OsNo8Q1HQT*h=1o=jA2D<wXL?mQs1a#yW_$>>X$yVYHJ*2KtL*Gh4s4X%YNF)
z>a!WMWRqVjL`LL7{{U@5G)p16Bmv%8L9~gt%RT(T?ldmC;(XOCr5z9}srb8%H_>4K
z08Qt{#U?Clc&jgA6oz?OGv+gayd9)3yWtd<&9TblCL=+_Re#kKZ~~v{zEkBSTSF@X
z3foGjSBf|@-YAB|vYQSUB8J?=no*|W1%MT;HVks~x0nk{3hq`N+(E363AK*3=nt76
zK%L75{I(n{Mf9w0+O;A6W1+`|vB2|wV%Qt;s4|{HfTUPe!M$~y1<Mn})DAV)Cae@t
z1*)uUDsO6|HGlmS0epOkF{fGKJ6#AP)n7vC+0gYoC6ri(8)Qzy%va7UXY|igI9b9M
zHiIL=djoybS?<zQtx;5P<C(eCA!u96`>Ko-_Y<X6z}Qo?s2-tOol*}w7kc~1MgIVH
z`qoUQ!A-TfBDouz)aa}#FnL<y<44Y1fKRJh&FjohQ-4Uu6pUQ{_O+=vyx0-;635k9
zy=hQq`GenbRl6*JTDmE!eB{CLKrrSw`Ebj~Fb(K!4Q$N{K2*DG<ekM2qq4AAT}^4Q
zX@qkj{KBf&8Xn3w7LP*q^(m19Cxr#K0B!pzm@{RDFkO7eFJ?(NsU45RRYqHn4qSd>
zgJ9!F7JvFG?~F1dz7)I0w}hK8zi2g_xX;w6U4t$>8ALW5wv;IX2Ou4JEAVPqtdPkb
z^lVv>?PpR{_Y*;y60QLo8Es+1P(N)y4s@R?snn2U#$3j~8f_b{9*)^1po^Ry>C_?;
z1RxBE^l|C!seBfA-h3H`L{3MU$bdUk@H9E_1b^|oojt_Ch%Fh?RQ=_kFPR*RG-TsQ
zZo9#@soE(=EHE3!%JNj=<Zk(9KJoYBzu8rhWyPM)wW5;7IX>$S&_zsrLJX24&rd3A
zSu#`HH~7U}Z;P`VC49^`)f{T5ek47e)M)aA!IlM!C<GIKM|Ddkg|^$fjZ#EtrfA#%
zPJg1@Ey#+s$Qy%qdn&sKqOd|aYuQpvx4wtbYLaCqpQMVZBT!a>5*|)FZaL{zaDeG?
zpw@(<);p+&g|2(`rUdVca3M{((V%F|o&_LS-u&nu6UU7b1GUR7!2t24^$^ssff+G_
zze@o^G0V3_BV7e@<v49@PqK>H4SfK&rhkPf7&LhkM%<`Hm>ME%+(^(U;cZ&=&pWyp
z%8MTU6b~);X>a1E_y{_XNb=mLb859?^9NfjgSZ1g+T+2p<A|{pWZS>QN&)wH8UP`e
zOGyY*$Z)B7AT}(AcRi+uza>eutG4<B-&YSk?9UM#uWA4&@(O@1J4WF|*^jqycYo~D
zS`lppnk)0TsoqsQFBmj{IvDopE1Plet1HA8cxf4LZM^6SB%}OQ?a*oURm8_q(-Ies
z)uaX4kP^OL@!A2YM*%d1*quQ?O%LW!YNl5mmkKXa^BmGOAHLV30J6z&R3H~Vnk-&%
zdz%CT<bl~soS9VU=&EgN3)-SgmVe^XkQiG*r7$06EonPP3Q!x)r}1&AT-8)n7PYJi
zJZp|f<@8d>0qRX@#h+-mwwBZYe8Yc7D!x$?5X?@RYd{CSn$QA+wA?X1s)=3PDxquh
z1G0yvwl}Kzk}obisDYF6?m=k?PRsGDMv$)J=XLp=1zYB_HicNx0`T4awSUi(J4a`A
z1o7Iu1rA1_xta)uk@$~bu=;ABK1PBer+rjL(h+58bo2_75<p33NP!k0_>bF0JBC0z
z30;k@<lk!3y*(4n3^aX&?B+D3cVl>+H$Kika8o@vp~@u|-Uhk3CWaw-F1xwtb*0P<
ztPQM9tSN~cS%4azCt6xrU4MWk!H2p>D^pSfvL&XuTW!$XP$rLfBHD2}8jqjMBUu4H
zfqJ9m<;ta9^dp6UxTWI9B4+yQr4^Nky^hd0)!~XaRx%rF;kO#3g@GdW<!Y(O1dUJ1
z##DH>vA;T*%cBGhsRHZSMa9Q_h+<SW0nYP#X-a0WJwe20aJT~8?SD&F{Xl;v86?SM
zjSCwBdjPd9klj8NDU~kvxF#sPM^4j5>hn(Sn6WWPih|*EEZo68)s&dgq>0am*GVjA
z1xV9%CTsk@Fhv>(B=H?6GfA4@8D=(NaI4`K^;OyI9xwm_&58Rfjy&@qJ4&b)F8&ep
z(S^x(7_;M|%D;Nz=YMv!BqFt~pwIzCmGKadGG8^o04!roKNV6ulF}+g7(iQX&aF={
z7&dy0pD)pX8XbTSU3nn73iRKpTW%y#d_;W$yx#$H%ByQe`Lb=OOl94d0-goM>FkxZ
zc~QlJf$gL*Me`tYr;J<CTA50Jsm4I}g@Et9D?fVw02WnO{C{t{H@aK^$u3dheTnKG
zBS`+O>L(uvVZ?1NUW`X5$Gz?0TVI!liUXT0Yj!>SNw1%EexmvL?~p;+?!-G3R(n<Q
zwD3W9fi|%4jR30GT~9x4O4yJFr04~8nH_6aQKiOJh_h<q+V)TgVeYr6&<As_s%~ZX
zm)13_2@$v-ZGQqTD%DOJ)yQ>F%%xSm(nYUCjOvDEQF3f5H-bX0tWB-nYehOrEK<pk
zcgYyhe&{y6O|M$(#JX+T?fCH2u0KwRx^resmyylV{FjAl^otBVqk@tul8wD0AU+kU
z^x1+!$e_H8$6^jXlh`X7UD?`sn{Mr@(y+UknUKt9$$x0<5g6_~{8g=w9B?)VmH<|a
z@a9hwL3p3e&WcNKc-6>W7o$dRkJDuA8&9^>_r55P+x*{RG9PbMfrkLVduW|OZIOP}
zpmk3UOmD))Nc9?TsSg@AYMRAsUdKiBFM!HAaolVX*b;rUkt4IS2-k2o)bO=w;F!)N
z-e?6QlYf2B0jE06lPU(0L}vaibg=PuR`q(Ec3Bs>?f(GV+PbS|`aHi~byN;b3{?%1
zgp=Xa-@1d04o*~$$()~6G>jvPd5YMo5IrW6#>RGs%@+h40uHrJ>WtSjb>GRyl0o-W
zk?gEE)OmJca1^n>wwRMDV}~w0o+3)Bzi~R%5r0D~kBF>e`^Q@6+?5Nd*ZX+!wVxq~
zVV4gcCx{nKs%49qCtb@}bHAIDGatO{b>m)_Ffz*rlx=c+#T?N^>&tFCnXP@yPt#jd
zi#eX7y%I3pOk0AAV=H54X2`%WQ(=F?DxaqY?CBq{3WsgUn<vF152n={y1zti`(-xz
zlz+*NH8|xID>CkDbFG(v&C*jDNK-jfx$igoD<32I@h`&~*6!euVFU3Nx9*`ei*9M&
zPOGG=W5?xUwkAX4xdfrGVZe^s7&_LESw3jT%HU^Lxb!t<S8ZIRd9P5w)D~_=hq~1}
zsevVl<6TfH!5H$OL|0hxUL#t#i1yU^M}M|~p6m4g08|}E1T4DBgUgh6+mEbJx|9M5
zl?S>;g!k8&=^65L+|-$k;Cm#)@SnZvuWQty8CZf;@jN~>BkwOiqPaI|<8=6NHl?u!
zNE`a30^a0g`pK-`p##r3m4CzY8r`FHX<|0~_mCfQA!9?sPcmRgzlTtN5vOZ9R)4Jp
zE9GXHi^NmdlI@NnH6wDH_Zx~*MGGv7zUr|9&<z(BSBwxWP@Pe=2DGx8lUEFJpK_Sk
zSd(%{(~V2xDJAjlq!DdxbKTihjpCJoQe$O0ht)kzMR3uLq!6rl@fvrE$14j4vaP9Q
z&1F#@Y6lzx5n>1LbE3@-D?*W`<bQ>vE?I@em|MctOGe}^gWX90^0zv+*<)knFt^@`
zwMHEDr7K++I=&f2B*n;rb&>}@;M*!_Nm0&^7JfEeqt6~xg6gw@;UxTHk*dKew41S;
z%aY)jCHD{RHA%;gV(GNUkW0LUv>t)lD4*5!6G{Ajgf<C*nkf)8az;pSbbmJBMGGEN
zjUK>Exa<b}cIDokhPoWAj3x4CwD^oJ7W@I`hm|mKmSq`TJc&~4xmb9T`W?$pzE?6>
zMOc(BhD2d_B)|M5cTfXIxuY$#@ziiVl|`53=aU~I%?|5bb=rO*SDYB6R-A50H50|b
zhi&PuqGMiA19G<IJ^bi%M1KN1{3SpgyQ=u96r0XGo5NV`;Nsn)yCeBhkA;wZ296?n
z3Gdr$fo@`n=PO%4EIHIPPkmQ#;i0NXgxh3gM>=>2E?ARrqfW{qPhu{B8U$p-Z@1e-
zLN^az9chR;XpN7Q2|O%qP<8?jmV4}IW$*98Eym*YVqzlxAWtDkM1SpwkOCcl6;FX=
z5$rd(9`=IuQ6i!6E$nnAuClYvo)9j=^kf6%#TGn>iVGI!e)_!eLkg*}H()J(+NN`V
zs*g+P2h&!~ZwzZ|lOWcYAm(;dD-@eU3s?{c7uKug@B&1?5D2SvDK_N=Dy%lHt;gFy
zSBN#5GP}4CYO?|iLw^qml>zul>r$?w`<*n<_-I?P*@er7<$Y?zLQ7rP5ywt+e;NRE
zTimRPuB2_Ng>81qmg8UrE4v!k^BdVx$pWU}&94nOnqS6)2xU-gTK)DF1%a^zZTqw&
zF);D&xZ!HB^EVM4$ULn;f)_T@L2eofq=vv2dxOHlt0Fq_Hh=EDRh2^DcI$Gc2PjDx
zAPme+fUvb_4vqla((Sh!4L+JnryuoE3vee|(2{8#=1|sA;Va72n+OEmG5{`THto`c
zaInIL^Ul-2fyUKvp`#uxsyBT#1yDsFi^FqbJrty*f&8{8WmT1nNG`f)X-QS0m5`lB
zG0vMl{x!G@fqzTpwXz&sjv7-;8h}dC4P9B9`U}`mmRBaxM4<MNT7Zsh0I+NEwdkq5
z+`AP}Y~TDSU|q!QznwP4C*8l%Wub`i_OmKH*7uLPD*GZ`qUFOKbg-htQ86TB8*V`L
z(wqRfXNfl?2#QXmjoywle0P*)6(;9vaIob|OkTi}ZGY>b$B-hQ%(-D=HSZMSL_0OS
zm(!8GAejn?7iQu)lSO=&m01?R0qG|6p<6Ko@}`#t6UZYucHXKNm4>=kD7}k|-t<gs
z2waXN+Ww<d@o$M#U5Gjk`T-OO<&Y|os6F<k9~LOVY=;SONbPSxs?U;ffX2r0WE~z}
zHa`l|)_=qfeqoy?P9&k)zJg5|8F7|OXCDO!4WZ`kf2yn%I&c$9X3S+iRD42rw|!S1
zD=uJQz{e1q`{}D&@jGy-{{TgX<>z6Ulr<<1<*EEl&X@7jWm6L}a}z{`zbQ*d+AYZ>
z+?pe%1}d-2<ZpBYY>Qjm-`=G%vvac|XL&Y24S&42^g-;QPXtQ1fStgl_Iy`7X~V*A
z=mDhaq;B~fb&FuTJNTO2y3(=?tdg&jBQRi1ucnm7vSiGd(H7h`fTHwMgX9H#`NTE`
z(T@|@`YB;){{U7{kd0BJK)Z=IAZlzyJBx%@Dla{P664E{?=kP8oYe!%>G5nF=6ziH
zJAWwsDjVlRBa-fSF(lsB6giGT*q_x8d0|e#PuW@hGYv9YW{_@JR^fRTG=J0*@9HH-
z2-FX5v|fNbIYjm^+e2=<Qi7^(X2QE9h=FUk)b|?nSh$TQK<Xp|4mt1x_x>V16_tsE
z*_n}JuK-Ii>|5$<d#`6l()w9g>?CpJK!2U~<Laevb5W?~6Gk`cp0p%ykjHJqLn{u>
zA#2W;7U5J1Mavtp)sKBh713I%s76i6L)<D;M^oM^#cBt>qqL8%s6)9b-b;`#%+e%w
z*Q{=x^8Gs{<gt{-eL~geOktFIDixE{fZ_zrRH~jJ8e!ohhYAxR6;cpYB7LOBjDN~F
zkO>3RUWcy6JgjE7-5*t3r6F#KB93BP`zqaE$J22n?qB@1j_dc+yDw$Wk}=F+<VB#-
z(_VVk-cYc~w=fUUSdYKwAz|(vr2A`oFb%VJqSkxw;n?Z@ujlRpeecrZAX+sFw>(()
zcUN?B0i1s6qB-5sqV5ChrTR(y>3^5CN6={7)r)sKeVAq!>avbc2h~G}+XElADVa~U
ziu!ekzZ67JMwqiN!I6J$Yq^>(=;zpRyWH-x_gHp)Mx4w$;DP%<`b8_%2I$s~PX3nz
za{yn}rE~DB>UK4V=noPfn1eGHhV%#6X?gJ?i6f0g_S(ep(wylh{c%IWM1NsJ&(k2N
zKILy-M-BBd_AhDvZFL)X>>mC7eU;Uqf@NgK@=XnzIk$lExU&KF)A-Sd;f*^6zPe{4
z8y_il<SoeeTzkvtG`mHSkMAEg9#Re?0Fyv$zxRbjtthJ21v-)<G)kh|iDEqhyA1;v
z0sGPx^(Zx7qT!~D4k0i6Mw!G-vmk%?BPZ6z)s>vusOd|`V%<)hx6Dr_wt^A|W!Mv5
zYBk=Xy*}acxl+Fu^F3e<zh!xtk(ljMZ3S<)#N@XFSM<vG=WfCWvVaZnoxjYG{Vh!X
zpI<K<A&(Hv{{RT3P=BPyUx~r`Ydy#Af8>sj+N`(zth}Q6q<ks`Y~&kDi64K%9F6|~
z2wKP<E}<`R0=06F`s81O8ISQA$$ab5ru*OPeQeA=q%YDiU$LZH`s*g*wzAXA{XdS}
zc22|FddUh03hb-F=e3Yyao{PZ!IC^kvYCe24Yu<YK((dRfliHrpBXHDR5z3mW+7GM
z#;@kB0;Z@zeBs$v5~<^*0;Yd}3euqjalV!8KS^~jn!-4e8_$WLzut)Zr`5u|RW;Ld
z<muV5<;SQ)X&2%{?+T5|c~!5V>u7R%$zT|HnL$O8NLom~(dwb$4ZdT12tI|qYvjQf
zQN%}uz2)B&gP38%*I5Jd@v|7|u}D4ITDbQdq`JY;wxQYdFp9bHTzG%A_R+B8R${Un
z^8j|xz|aoiR*VB6+-xp&uBW6KEIBj|I7s9QcW(y6o%`yT&5*M!Xf{UUn7WcGiI+S?
zE{+P^2G{APqR7Q|8_9-4t<I=#=&YQi=OyE@MSMA4&3tJ_nj4`fzm*fp%!6}Z%#5kp
z$*2aYHYBm5vLJMO5h8z^jSjb}B$8vwk>fpsk~SS<?zrVk4^PB0UN??=Bev2AQZLHf
zYVqVuk*dl*Vgsl=83zpy8s~gTSd6%g69O+fYZ&y@jC`zk!$iV(SKN^`@Qa&TmLNEW
zV2=ZNKuo(f_=n~vr}oecb7IVmh~T-8c_ZDj`_%~W$V{qQ7axCkXm<s^qK%E3px?rb
z>*8y895$XV!{13t(?ESl0~e?|wU-`tH*tL)<L=O-lOqn%?cW=dzZu4wbMB&y800?r
zf=x;*YOP_W*A-Z@+jo<kn~Y?Idw9m2`)a#=1aN~NAn(F|D<Es+IkEoZQJ1JVUzh4A
zbg|!SIJd>yL6?6ON*N*|V7A!n$POT$H3ueCK2}nR;tC3qd_W(CsMJt0iDK;$SrP0*
z4nmHs!9}|`QbGuv2{C5by5U5g1~%hkz|qn2Aw^kGwze{IwICaX-+592TVAtYVSPzm
zdo-;Wof<+E+}g8_-Q+Tx{6N#GEV8)*!b^_ID#IqzYgvD_y#mn|v1=Z}DYv>dg5tna
z0d|U2HzLc=TZ*(-^P@M@aQf)1&+^2RX5Xdx3JPRM2wSPYXcY3$pwON;<&;QHtDx7i
zxs*Gu@)<$DueOyrPOW0AriV>xS25P?RY2rzN*EUEMH?%{bKzY_WvC0~2LO|9Ub^Y0
z^P79ye+_>sV~n(mpcl1`J^~B61k-D7UU%bC3>Pc|Ux}+W46I4I*!R%fv@#g)r~q72
z!_kbD7{^;TpqjCkJ-Z5$2fJ5XWOP|K5xbQ{>hUO8+Wc>O3MO0x6B*Y<u<fpq@(DgG
zDD+aoS%1v+UW;#y!MOF%&=o3I-q+Vq?g+43RQP{Z!1#wdX+`rfEv#%$rkwN$D};9C
z#&~N^OAO6Cjkm&0!M_noJebzJYEi-CQS&duaXz|FAcqVR5D6L!>3-US6rwaxpt6&3
ze%edsmw_x#rmERnfdb(6-j|CUj`<Sa8-e+E-K{5><YhIjeK`6kO_1La^iZU7<eq1?
znnHhUzV}dAHkajXYQrVi5bt}?6tD$A1aqic2D#b?rm6sL62?T_N!I%4Ek|jN(Hf~L
z4;yo&8fF%}mjkd~uF^Bc2zS?tfJv!nV-newmQ%BCqqNd&BKwNWdoNZoOyhTyZShEL
zP*qePGC<b*sjt(*n(iW=T93kh5y#s^U(bJ*&F+Dz9Dw@kqf;&XnC=H?B%fU|8c6~_
z%rZvA5SJs5qK3i>?TkiNCILY^nT?I@*-;@lkomeChFe0v2<FtgPZB5t{Y01CqyiOK
z{U)R=qER+UEhBr7k9oOje(0n#u`wsGokr<N(353F;!7UWP*VpSzV|sY0dpE?pT&Pw
z$eS-OB*P8-nA*lQ8ZjP@H7kN3F8MMhIC4KN&Bz=`08?*^eu!Y^%Fdjec$3M93z%aT
z)A4rIR~{C}+;6>yx)0tQsfW+$;lmFycU=b1BNjY~;%bL4J7YdBGGjt6OWN!`1*uOZ
z02VlMK3pf3n5qr@**qYNao1bWWS4)YqYH=3od(qdz<^RxNYh=XoXFr@Zn>k(sLdKg
zYzQ0$&uz4#GBWdZ4CY@dGPsDtNTU`$v&NN@1P()!BVA78t-<f6WW#2VPm<yQFJk83
z@bRI(RxE5%6f(#MyxtM)rn(1m@kDOr6c8*oli>h!r@Ax3*(|8V-XuGo)?I&30a+~5
z&On*0FQP7s!?LwHBw{qkoA7{rJZV{DBa<?C<j(4oDse1sPYVqxzK%pAG#x@HzpC^u
zi2J&P<ndrg_S4-0F+NU9k$Cq4-`ys{mg8{i!6a2-WYg%FA1RDxlv-)LO@F$)mb{l-
z>Oa(ai^!(%L3rUFk9oajy&r$-j;L`kzFs5#qbBMt#aHh&c(LJ7J1X|8`I()W#8eSe
zdh1@cAgR`%cwG-;FV|PKQP#ral><HAXx)W4?TNms@$2p{qP>YCOe6TA`qsRBf6HG*
zW4EL3TOfjT0_U=WGMLF%QXFZtjc#fDI}FHA;}xnRjj}SsC@rHYBVK<MPVnGSfISu|
z6AD-+7JKe1*c?@I#{Pkh-wnsI;+g5@`BN{&8n@X&19w1m=N!(q_0(@aZEgL?HZi!@
zGbnI@xB><JMz(T=<D35gOnnuM5Bf-(;C5fOwr18TJL5H$_vP-+zuWw*y8u&uj61(=
zCxaxB<iC`g-IBwQ8u5QL!ZZH>OR%=UPVUpK1E-s3f$<@yO;~QP_}_7zj~;e3k~aAs
z;hT`tfU35On!S##M$FP&X6%2mg6H#d7qwK@*3Q?d$G86EUq4t-`aY^AAm7q}_)8CA
zs%2Z{RFiKAwN4Bfjf>@fA|l0%jqebC6|Q=xYWA_+xYb&3kSu?ErNqjHX9cWCD!Q?_
z<SCDo$jg<d$oz=h-)G+=?51GH#>Un)-6uI4R;#lX;%j929F0qnf9d!i<qj6&e~Z&y
zMc*I9INONh*<D6@h5`n-(@|DK*~hZHhfnJnI3y$9Y=4CN%loFiHYRKtafxx<Fy=Xq
z;wr61y9rq``51o?&u5K7$~D-1)9CD=L`po&!(l)M*3jrLPXY+I<Jny-P~@h`xbRmV
z@T{XUUz73i;AQ2XFQl+1U7t&T@vl7@U?gQajuq%S#90vHIx_D=V6rIFPTtD%#IhuW
z061uCeZ3itjgFLd^qFMlRz^OsX?TUkBKL#zQSrPT3D19OAEeOX7MmD+D}SQ0+|~Dg
z$m;#7{!96hjpEIe_PxHE(#kjLGkzRp9^2M-2Dt^hT%V?&nBS@94~8TkMP|R)`c&6@
z;a;pkmv`yCN4q|iny`*_u;Tp-Bz!XiZ(U@==4u>Ra_z3F=*|bJZJ+~cZ?AYUI(mKr
zet}Cj4^DrS-|9UZ5<iA2Cn#x73^Lxj?-AfVv`bZ#U6dYV3a=uT*HC)%7Bx4gy3`Rt
zmWvSDjTkl*niU?N+I6>*Pnn(T<7T-XvAZf!3mb5&?orP59$-^&E@_DMU!;10*!?P2
zyG401$>xXNUs0zz>IgCNB~jtXO{e$4`$c%zGiHCr%8M=`X&`OGymJTAE8fT<>isO3
zjn;JE8SG)G`fHndiCJ5Ne~GT$u?LS<zMB1(qQS9cM|ATS#!6n=dT2lqa7BpFj`2oK
z8ZX>peP*<_f<r*!Nc*F68~hTBi+3=pHXO*oh%C0Sb@8XsL9y5Zi=F`T<5$IbRmYVf
zO?7{_3wkOB9i^8NSj-GTkwIX(t<M{;WiYuoa*^{%<jM|`pzz#$OG_NM<s~xV4o8H%
zeg?G=;>S22EjV@q!y9Pcf=?QjlxONW7?U1!b1JZs2hq0b2)7eUM8RB`ouH9L_b!Td
z=s{ZGGjL?)h;%7yrTfPUI^<&Iw}=QO8WMkhmUnmZsfN0t%6gU=JAoOo1_tC!5V81f
zMNr|#w(-9BitW1SMUIyh6Jj(gwaW$9Y=G_@Z_28}Dh6o*+@{4(6(aO@V9r?cF@u;6
z<Xxn%71Z0^qMZC`Tg%Nt3Fb9FwxTS&cDR*JJKIMF>U|=wA_prZin7OIrbXeec-DW8
z>(o0GY*&p^Tvyx}aZ`JGZ9{3i#Rg>Dz*~A~eVpi@FA4>c30fU>>^{1@Zpt=FsU^b@
zS3{>EMEZ!Kh#YlQ@r80mn(ZT+@~SVN3I>Ko9wNJVj@|}{vSSvyvp~k&MaBI!Ei*>J
zWeUZ9_qtD@^QNbenGxqQHQfS}#n*pBuV||W8+<RrjrrADEO~rN{#oLpPJXeablCDT
z-4v9zgln&=o;wIF?m++>p2~IfYj4_nIEu(cb!D^Lg~tmX`eo#hF=dbvbR&?Y*H9eI
zDq>U*`IosqibYw&?En%6q>8uZ`J3-?dz$Abadr$z?9)nX7!(&1KGt^9)~<i~l2Gus
zFxH_fFP7I+U`ChLsk$OH3@m$Tq=Xrr0tYGxa&#Q1(Q5Iq8fk5KQl!Swg%<!^jvC&L
z1mOx;8>rCwC~E*e8xtb~xOWkyE0h>yJ%KzvstaV~JAW{XnyH#lZ@jg*>uO0rGeH?l
z3Am7Nz)<s6%O5^8s!2Nwh9`fpUgoSHBW<@Eo&?bl<a3B9MHV(&jl*!ZwP^gnMb4b=
zMy7@&k!0Jrap6t55<xsAt`@_xsU^m!2<;qeq?SdHg>MfbR^I0ycJCed_fpCm0@6D1
z9D8eo+V|S4BiYX2Tn-oGTs(uT246<CUV<dKJh=0&2E$dT-46il2cmzdNG9QpyJ!N$
zf~La8s0qHSS0lhkYtT-D{OACQB#KB_#=LJ=SDBk?MIFZ?2irnbd+q?*qsc7bG1?Cj
zX$)li=OYpTHTOofz)Zw>nTk6?T%SjV)kKF38_6-a?Ee74tBE>%WHOU*c#u!*rTl0I
z2vYlk&5%zH3J=>>@~3}W7~qO7dz|h+O%3vKn)k_<UP_>FqCpNU>hA{WTT6)!z-eS;
zN~FZ1eAP(7y9K?sAG_hD$?5B3x=F4`x`3lj+v`jf$4Jal%?xqzD3^BK+e@^aJ~FY!
zvSb$UsrOdrw$v|BAu{|0aUl_#5Ue~>UzKqJ22Y%FX1M&MJ|lmAZh2a!Nu?3(dt#xm
z3mCH-{WVwwtB_;IfQ3`6t>R|49XV3~k`ARV@bV@eIAQ}2%T^y3X}tq)N{8QP$$fZe
zrrqX^lLC4Ebn}ElNsU<VYkutkr|GbGqJ+%D??`+%I^9-<pZfqv^5l`0JUm4}8^p>t
zHN7?8EjpHb+0uVCVPcNjj{Ty6K6g-&2GUYC7YiMbTZby7Sd8y>U|0^@)A8)Tm`oQZ
zr9$N1OsNi*AC{K->zk-#sM`W2Dt-atBfXBbM}^BDDM10OTe7(0ITzeF6ToYFuNBAf
z7ndM%MPt53EX3=$-mQ=q&Xa2Rh#yruCL}&uwB$gGV|RZxVnF1)XbsdcVq@~rZ<PN4
zizh!q(w<0UrYzDB;B7!b-r57DYA=-!Oqt?s%0qa&NEWOar_0E1&3ld@9RT$T)N*6!
z8*i%{dreK2nc_5N^l1crKo&L(q<t3^>aZY>r{NOhDPq#f$G=~oSDNS;e>c<vH}c^d
z-_`Dl(fxl}o#nwE9A?coiS6(Y+Gw(y!s0oEdG4v2`Pq_W{nBiMu}2D0_v2HqI_qm)
z2||N5RB6Vo=&9N&Hrs^&bwiP~)SJ~?-9Cx{_c*>jpAqADhyGgf5&MJJ_1CQFM88eP
z=Xi(JUQu)eb}=7KV@++`x4<L^Z1En)U#_;Ju<CykgTa(m7&c&g2tQ43U;g9|CytBj
z=m7AJ-k=A?5g)?U(GT<;LN9`HZRr=PqiyO@9z?qPb*scbGpa?}t04AL-Cyx`kLFI+
zH;h#u=w%-Sp!-E^soelS6nFND$Wi{EEjyLRs<iOiek3QhD^`2Cs_A2|XB(|^Kw#IU
z$UA=+{bH5IZM{MR@mzfr);IqEkDYrM(rS`?);WnwvbZHj8*`$cC;V_PbNzPiX!QaW
zVPmDF<3olia`I;|i^C#>GMyIVjk{^zkn@Oaqjghth;aV#=S^@>iZ-C&27<MA_V}DN
ztMc*#7Az2L{{R+677W}6pivo%8?m9}O%{JVW=WhzgPGF2_HXJ5WhF3%#5#Gc?;k+r
zO0;i6?QU--)@M<~!d=rnk0ctg^;e$G>zSEgq(AB5Jcqo)ywV2j#odd!;>>Pqt7_3M
ztj*cJfc&=YJa5OJZFLg5s!8!gRpFLwc?7UIjzP?DK9N+epbtsYdh}TYLz8G{;17S?
ze?jG2DsNs0fOIvd)4JsNc8+_^jx-1FsP65o?YB9v(6w%7u2;~bjmUH=brq4+x)f}W
zHY)Cni?n>#_j_slT&#Skgs?btJ)B2z6v7gw>!oCytHujyG<oR|#nAQ*bXE468tFQB
zMr(7Z^ySTgk`f|zA&C2|N7Y!;M<joFjT@;}Sk1wyv!BH1{j@3cDboerd)w`&eeS8$
zJxlBqr%N6v&n@3=H37bEb8)+o^i=+P_Wq^sX+%&9^xmMIjIH%nRck~qkDi|tO2gH9
z$r@N42^X%KXmHzBa2ItQtOwIueP;?eAvrIpjZ!r21h%!20`AC#dtH9I^c{al-wSWY
zG7nIw+;GuU)bn|`2N{)@Se%`t_i+>$Bi%ep+Uh=<-|7(wFyOe>?0vPJ7ATLX;-LH6
zSo&!z<2;$sRs6;O08pRxss|(=U1pCkF8!p(dv4`^%Jp(Z6tQKOK*!Bh3`VxKEiX-o
zU}gl+2|O#vTHGqOw-TzWS|fiQ{kP|5&7OQPJSfoPPdd9qyM%hM=WgmeIEbJPmT|<B
zderDJ-SYf5L|+xX2DP=JN-#=H1vmSr*<PFUe^6-M`h2$v*OCkN{pI^>2}Yi?M2<-z
zktT@RNXTV9;+5BxS}M45ZFTHFmd$Ateq7^t{qMXeI9TH@XG@jxq40l^+BL1oyuP#2
zR#?a80lf!fjw@Mx3|lK8^Vmg?Eh`moYfoC>z90msAYV2+BI&t!`s(ovPY6cZ+?3y5
zbq|j3jj=3UyH1v?M~@=1GYbS3xb#xNO>!zR!nq_|Hl%}kp~nSSqmaN^d24#C7}Li0
zkPxJkYw#5-lOikbJGg&YNWVI9oG|iH4F`v)X2E!-UpW-mgW23@`*1T9gkcPfpm}G)
zG~sF<FcOJ301B?*w^2e&S7-dd849pcIU8J3m7WYqa>!^-Rt)I3A_i+Zzlkh+DBm>>
z_7R^Xf=0&iM#B8NDM)hiVNH^+oeAQv;`SQ2Ol*UEXY%CZ<-dQ}X*D_iLzu>a-Er9d
zau{0H-nyy3bqHfk2{Ph6#)K3%_KG}`jRsU~jyxts8hY(kTxDWg5>;c`rpBgP3=4eD
z<F_g++-m9JKC!~3qQ{hmj!;=n;lIM&^hpv`Ve>H-2E)ujW&`Rpxn=Wq5VD212i<Kc
zu7Fr#$QXh*slR^$4>~N6%;8y9;4anxf<?QiEMSy^S)*$WZGA_hS|sp!kGM*q^wU*0
z6z4g>pbN($TGvaC1Zh$wc(oT(+NAwdP%@OLxhrBC#4xJ6$N)0Nru?mA?G)yEiUO>e
z3_K2#-;o02(|u|lK!WnZE^VN?&{d%=qLpsrarDy@O)`HZc8oB$i|<;K2r9xo_S(UZ
z!rE1~>;lf>{4~8(%$6==zS~@lIM*!EHJFAM(RHIdf&wgywBAb&1d&!-undwZ9Er7$
zwu0#y1a2xXsUw)E@-G^yy6A2R(w;jAWz3)g5m@uE6&_^PAC$NK+7m}H17YE&hNos$
zoNvy?h3J0)1eqJfqFes$TKRUeqW=I0sw(7d4QFQNDol9{7;JrLp1~N@D*WK=Q|JPy
z&`iVg9D2<U<#Na$md4$+X2YDd);|dv+=@L=iC7UxW|ee2IMv;;70WY{*Vky^YNH--
zcLhOi(kc!!>*h%qCyumwhoDD%J=bE)Ph}0VBJzLCX&LhGeNQ^$1ORxaL2f`^szwTE
zWOqG)T8wpJo`qy(+8LLRAw%;L<ZYrHj8(8$OLlHG4LP_7s)|L<nu@PMdXy}-_juF}
zJSu$ITbVwJynEG2V0Gqb0s*uvXmN*;lyJQjpL9f>D!AmCS6fgr&jg-fMcubeYo^3h
zDy4t)Al%xTd65YOv9P|B47LNyWf!>MYGscF6ABZ58#ir*sL|nLf-f0w-Z!Bv`7E|X
z1JJjwCoHMn{$2Q8g3|YM400^E4uqLZXr|<Lj_qrJ!Hk>a0>ltiHPVx4aqdL<TZq)E
z0{;L>sg7I-ki0nUD=wR*YY$@6j;(-CGp2uegUH5tTx;SwA7vd|F+guFEGX}Ln*(F?
z&<<Zvl}f_CP;COnw)$#+rAs4kk;>>U8sy)dF77`NDJ0l2UvoY~lepW$p3|)b^D{C=
z$VZbNmkFkxo;35~VMilK@}k@UW;{JrR?6w=;qyzV77G$vhk2(ff|19drd}{?i64LC
zAlsGnsW`=ps-Pq_hon)DQG<Qs#oX+4d077d<rP8IbL3)|SVrx(jX?TNwAYs?3<hio
zrd8aeAX^*RMepBTY%F%&B*+LB*r$JY1+4cnNX}-FoP*)qNvg(|Vyc&I0NO8lYGNC~
zFD^$;ZU}|UalGn;7P$y6dFgXYzf*t9D`*j5TiWP6NBhTGw0Ltz6uxbu4{H}Ycp9tC
zjDRSU%-hN_{{YNral<1^n}K$P*~!R#NWQw>t|Dhu^3a=GTU&>HSuz;O`FP`q4A0^=
zzp}bvD`ZF+*rKrrr0^Y-d%F(=7~=-=NC#@CiN1<=CPW<?5f~vE$N{+NNUVQotm-tm
z8dk0bFv(m<TU3fhmB(`M`f6Cmx_%^mD+#B6dDKZab%(ku%4X!ros}j`yjb{0!lQt%
zMf#gFW;n-FV=222!Yj*pi^8vIerLp+GP^a_prGYaTe7R>R-}`+wz|TgFg4y{oi9KY
zVcA2IcGF|Ztn!a_d`-v-E*^gj`Nms#5)pU59eD~SGQjpd4_=jq-1Z9d5-!=MUxr5?
zO?sY;41FUPOY9qT^w*in7R|{Y^H}?JtSJ4~FOVa`wu@gQ8OFQgx3pFx5G)TC;44`V
z<>5a)0s5)ifX>KK7Jf3X0K)#UMaMt)S=W@XeJW^Kz6|IO5xg3-X5D{U0ysKIpKUv5
zY5xF;n#S!+$k+2GPl_Txgwvfl!0GWj8!GNnPJ=^B*_SzyBWYOgU8~1l6!%E!&anRg
zs~X1S#~t@7lf?I$&95qb8Pc!ex#g}H986rPqj=PLP&@DQ2=Nivt6G@&uwtgz#=O|-
zPo&YFNaIq>LaK|i9RPn7=em#TQF9kh8{2`H`=j?qI(4gfNY49><-bE;Gdmj%H{?hV
za$YQb0=)KD>O9$G2M`EiUx)%*(^--{lSpNq%#t1~+SFdQtrF^F?B7E3&pu3^W=w`x
z<$eRuC}eh3tx;AYwHK=zsnfoICiT@@*H8r1)K^dh*H>P;fdzlZ$)6TqHyz49KF020
zUZ17)$a3u*mWw0cJRA2-c{-o7g-xohsMBcr5Z0-Y1X)S8QD(6VDEF52=XzIPXzd1R
zESwf^yuZELJL}P-qo`#em4(%Ypo+ruYg205iZP<Wmjfa=q!)~z1f$(;euGnvn`E9(
z^Bul}TPJHNMgf12@l#1jf?@@syP-GQec{{btlD{e&Fi?W3fPSVAy$#vHEo7SPQSWo
z20%J~<L?qKeFoK|jr{ls`^e+zq-WCrFE)Dt>#gW=-DHdvzGMUOgY2!0^LR1W;+c=K
zvalA}u=f&viqg+ETtWNoQ@N@uZ&R|r+vASo^n*$T{{VlyV~>S?plQsJf0d8X{{WWs
zq-OnOABHl1ipzuS&Yiv;!$fyu%zi9@D)MQCmV0F*=@m>dyBH6TB%ftkL;i+Q@yvd@
zbkvRQOz8kw+}nb#o%N&oZ%kgI=ZOdEG@GD&nL+nOhtW=cp3|r29@4|uE27Wa^f?x$
zJL1TY3HX1;SSjrUi_mLx6CEeR@*h-^R0iB^7WI#l5Q8RIRFbi=P){3ER+iBC8o#Eq
z{$C{GIsCb`PUr0P*1Xuuhnprscw@*$^*A4Gc>v6$I-5F>%6kZ}XOBAdK9(dN`Cc84
zysIt656hmV*OBJhFwk#}ttI{2(+smkjE;`NMzDVd_qjdQGS09>35{RHZKk=hvA`a5
zEC!zGxD>MZaVrI5$<Gq3Y{SK&ETinJ4Ec+^EdoijkWUNRuCw57RuVLBx~Oq+L`b4Z
z9g;}P$$N%2AetXxdV`NY4M;BwMo1tOJh_TABLYXf6YPJ5xLESFO7!>L5elr4sRwBW
z<nw=}-w2|pk|L~G_pt=p{_hG{>WA5k%ZZT`MM8&L9jv;FQQ(Y)+u<Y&>2DPm9OOeN
zju}WBfH&c5T<B@BmFA}WtZ>O-e8|Q4n{uS3Xg23mDvdH@hG{$mlx^CJ_EpSC@rIH=
zEszjiJwXFdX|I>Uo--UTV8l0<#D*QmT3>(VC&!RD8{<MZ1vk@%s%W1^B8d61e<EWd
z+jg4hdqY<o&HKJ*9yckeU^cZwz=Cp-yCZ{cIven{Ri1SPTnQ9tK^psL`hOsTZ`0WE
zk^{?d+%>Db24*iDt0l-IX%`33Xio63{OH&lZSeTC<V99U5v{SndvHD-ML((tW%hr_
zjtq)G8eZ1+RXq8C)RrBMty|2=gl#N#_8$=XXo~xy^Ia5+*zNF}(di=m0W^yuf){Ti
z*-#{~QK<N=ZKdd?!XmUc2*lhl6$W<G!lZK~Q(b~iGU`y=sMC#DZDih5iyZ(pG0YwI
zG-+eZ3ga?{v59*$G<1PBRhlOSNNay_<5pyeR2D5`!=AMZBnMLw2Z6DvX2)@6-lLZ~
ze^D1Z2mrl^9K}Eyi%Kj#BCE0&x8~a1h^a9KP^%(cc#>_UAPH$L;gNkiszT%uaUk^X
zp$ul*w|XBH{q9vG7E6)3J0HX-`T>6@D4Thr{{X*T^0_46&0g?ctMZI3<4u1*5U3cZ
ziIP9!qI$2Of-W0|4D!ce#BQ!Qi>WygfqT%-IA_0_n(_wbtMc#*{{X049yS!`ui!60
z!yg=K*$aMF6%7_2yk;bxHWgKe7T5F1QN)F=Wy4T>Qa$xNsrs?wk|%x$xU;prRm(gD
zf~-IT%<EKRh#N#>rOnN?sX2cTt%5?gw>@Z%;`$x)5;efE?gFI}Mzct42gS~*^K%^(
z1^v-cX<U|KeRMyd1em9mLh!0%pUz6_EsnRTjK-cVw<4DTj7;ZuglI)mDV<U_jM>Vb
z`h$|1ksa+}daRj_gjzp%TpC&AFhz1664K03t~^Xg0D7o?UMhfOkhy=pyHx$O)VtaX
z@ndfdK!MCw2utt=)K8~jz#lUiQpt?cYj8=izwDx}W5)x$c+sOPC<;aNYwJ+BT}0d!
zAaW#uL`*p&jnY};Lgj6_uWNCk$A3^4Z2qYt*<Z^YiUNumS>=tMNm-Z?b-CwE?dj29
z&CA_>AqD=Lsp=gjJraL6nEoSS^iiG_3~^$H7?Ido;@*>bD8!xJgfTNM#f`ahqBmEW
zT*r?DaFMO;xcxLH%<2;|iDzJ}K(ICzzhJ71bV8II^!bsNNnIlfFK1!(3ZWf28*#{K
z8u!~0^X$7)av<|u@$nlEU0D@;<QC_x5cO~95*4#Cl>SaJW5$2-u{!z|p|dmE%A`WA
zVPpY#`Zc0_v&dW`6LDZ|&h>V}mquU{X%{TOaHTZ}Vp2jwxs{8QHn}&cbV!?YYhhqT
z^`_-qH7wI)1H9j23z0!N_-btoCRX4KoGd$qQhgXf$|jM3h!VP80MH(Fd9jF@-dPm`
z5><WXKA}s=)G~kN1xJA`eX2H#dZ=q0zGaWQrJJ_&L+Ask<Z2KSO^){Cr(oq<ohl(7
zJ4{8l`@gy?76`n_5)tpY3x4X<>)D?n)4aHUnD#^ivz=!0(&ko&o9j7;D>g<3>ZfYk
zuvTuhaVQ@0k?Gc_%#F0Tu7sgM5(rf4d+3`|y1-KrNaKGJN|BSay9Ec*ZCe>w5e$52
z2+}#qu^JLDYD=ZSCd^3>2&7FtHLach0G50ETC&`>R5IwL!xo<o7_tgRwovM$v<4LK
zPJ%eTZB%hluRSk9&KAmJ*zuZY44*$GM>P7Y8ri*B)4Nougg?<*-7z`sEIyj^S=wjh
z^8Cx&)GL3|bVL4tj>mCccd3v2o=@)&s8!SC&UdJ`&Bu2&;p?p!+W1(_*!KEsIwN^n
z{^#92txqPn5u$jc-{DcIHZ^wP+)IdFrKUzZca41ptrk4_8F5Vk*&GbV%{qp-wUl$F
zzDMRAWy=;+)gd4J#+s5y;*7hI9BMTuKmeuX?eTwIiShS&J^;M9aUybp+7@>{^B&S^
z46d__fe2FGZ0t9AN^Wj@dnpd7`h{ml#=#d>1zKj%Tkwj+R14|mO;vXI+vq!Am(*i7
zKQE{?@*8Y_b`{Y_r?!9q0>g!MajiNKc9j<u1k_Lj?y8oz8iK%atK!6GofPn93I}~Y
zph|y5B$|&3^6jC#QZM2a=_9~c$BR}T%Ez2-nZV>tFCoB=<6TVYT~0;g)CF}#tE?yy
zH5-RBU18Z$fNnZ+rUcZAf|k{Nl`3v8Ko+ngzqX(0y;^(*+I(=Ic@Gar>@<iqB9lqs
zk4+D4i<b^uVn|x!nC1_CFs)u29(;^h1h{|iwTCW8xYwiU-Es_~BAfDZJ`=&ebk-Kz
zYbz+yw@*>L*i>XeG7CPTfcwMt)&%hl{vt)B+qV2Jdn<Z(-<Je;;dZI&T`@B4EPe^a
zk6?RpYE`sq7E)wm#Ibc1RQEy?slK+SI*+}KJ0oL2j1kpJl`2F>a6Cby=bz7na`J!e
z?KH3b2Te=l+vcGifc*(bz<=&iH)JR3rsW~B)yEC8A7Hg7kN)o=yCOB82iWS{(RvMZ
z{{ZAc{{X1%Qgy^Z@l1ZY?w)M~N3k8fwZwm=#qV-{x~gmc0FjpW$@Udr=VUiyeU#@w
z7U`Ks;%EA)6e9DU)-|Egti2*r+FpOQww|cvMfyU5V<+Ns>`*@1#LtRG%gUKn@uT?L
zvivK1q}f8T8ijN1B9_Dvwhva8Ks-c`V7R25S+bUhz^$LtS-wV7V!7~7s&_d3qOntU
z&{z?1r+r*Aqb!k|IuOcx#a)!9fg9ax7AU3Oz=-74NaWn<IZ`<kZD4FcBDa59MCx5F
zGEfF>ySDxz?=4{*sDs&{)b<+1Ptdf{5<nS~P;>)@wX4Yn{P_b|TZ*3BRQ%2;AzC(D
za^v>Vj!qLk=N5Cskih*EH({?4U(JsxLNQg_?t(@8>4DU9qLEZS;KtrDa45>y4BLc&
zHxGDwJXBAShF{D{Zf|j*ZGC@6mzI);70Fn7gfq+JPmT<q8h23>4-Q~QPs-TW4dt=g
zZVl~f67<=koh24@4R#z2y>y;L43aaIWdM_Xr-kUl(ZHH$(3=}Ea!<@dza7oPp|hiQ
z?iDGQmlB~{%^lfww(+->`O=>|pM@sK<zl*7Tg0|Lnr*tVS$1VWtjK@f^7wW1P}Ag?
zf(OLT@x~O*Yk_@?2>d5QLJ{M`J9*12dwgMt@RjB*P+z2Eo3j`n-dm3k(MIyKkyys#
zFBabC^DI8GQrC1mlrUn<cfpW{a3NLhzN(q}Y~?-AGfUl0?p@S4*9Kx#2E~>mzfTft
zr#=-cfu9RI<4Pn4#I1i5>+GY}2P~t+%0dIQ>;$hG85`p$d@4`f9K|$pa)!jpg=XA6
z<{KOyV&bd20!ymM*z9<$gK)U~LWCd%O2Zlhxq&waO*?Czz$MUG^z5cv7GR;HRhb7C
zQ@WQjC4iAN8e5pBA%YQx>nwgT*lMiMlX4GlZBLyTYlX43jjw;GuCxuUtOp%Pr|8A%
zNf8ly*b&5v;EGddV8-_sHmM>PvR#21D6UAL;A9}TcM5adP;%qBk#3$F>Ti0amJO;A
zZ79MN2FZ{IZSE+m45aBgFdVP@Xr7{hL<m7Ga43uN+c#Oa54&+qoJ@u%VM3(odm5DK
z`7A8U89WCIeH4FrAc084F8czxEu!rJ(_hn8<HS_AD*|udOJ?;5`fz9=x6F}gBwxGx
zz4eaSnJn9t$ZOwlBpde84e5cZ^F0c5*o>E12`X*C4QNtf!x1HfnsML-VH~O4+D0bE
z;>Ozc=~`GlZIrZGOXfz_UB`;A+eBNK{7}GbMFa@ghT?w-t}^2V(jRM4rCer-XT*zq
zY;ALXUDZXA^x2M}_o*~b@g%`dJ}cNlx^b$Uqkjx4Jy)a2E>KOvAeK6vlrfQ##Q3(0
zX<!Dl*Kfo{1i4H+C~e%fsSr*@$RKkjxP0Wk5h1;}Ue!~Nk!!OHbGf7FfVqgTH9ghK
zI3Da*zbb#_#{dQ`%DF!+?puW{cOF7~(FWd64(jinC&T3eIfGVQgulFflsEZjlYf{)
z9v}){gDUxxD7q?*P5%J0hS@o?6cM>nz>~L2RoL|MEX?h0!D^qG!iWY`b8P{*qp}Qf
z5_ZUTVDh_d<Ef?Dec@tl%+u#D3<AlFNGDRxPN#p-R6RhcB0PB3+<Z6s>eGCQ0+1uc
za4y!i-X`XY76ij-NLZ-i#8`bbZ=26@6gWX^-9TEbesP@)(lmgRa7pZ<Uoe2u;)QbZ
z%M?KAV%I*!p_b{fuzxY-b<}KI4{J~oDE#M9;`fcaDq@6lZg&^gN;|TWdW1Q+i>z3e
zH@SZ@weNoFlhks&qVYu>ejtD<^0n`J0%OccDx6Pc9blbc*>4u>j#^rW;w2!TCq3=D
zcCq`QZ64a`ad)$`yAY>9Pb#xTa05uHSGB6rOBpSBR?pdTMJKKb#}G-40;cN%d+3Bl
zs~Z3Xs)l?;(U`F1%j&K<ii!*{CyU)?yM2Fj;q?@v>EeIOQr8x;ij$2u7b>01Mg5cp
z$jz5WkgA`$z8|Wl2#IjU=e*Kt0Xa3gBs=n2R{sDAY&|Vmzo@bfM^I!3!2sGlJWX!&
z;4$zXX6L!jpm47(DoK+tML(I4_9yp^6!|yE9)e=*Hx3n6P<V>e>bTKj<p^RHMMZzL
zB+3nJo+OwQC<nSo^cw5PKK1=HW<|YG<0>}|ZLJb0G`cdBkTDh#NSjY>sr>tFl>8G9
ztW{%+$%m%gYFSDC_O))HKQA}6U08h;g`DT9wG>%)JE-YAr?5uUd?G$-PQr)kpy%rH
z9@tR(DtdXoN|X1LkD{`t1EY80=xBd*R{sD^D*Q6H(^y?m9!{&0qe#JB>^SP9O47o~
zFdU={y3P%~I#RGhk<@bXBn#z2>;uc&v|7vBYg*y9a<M#YS#sqOz`hmYe(H|;-o?U$
z34A^|54|Dd=pBNM98lv#B87IS_LJIcJF0bfa6v(7GEci0;JxooU7R6lkllYnspH_s
zzGHW9av|?Ed2IfnlhhjXov{OSg?-WK?KBCco_UP(Kba$OCy?x3%BiiZMPBA^(m++@
zD~Rl=uBs7R_SatZHP#ditx>cTOB$ov#`;hJR}uU-u;0L%J`@Eq(TjVMsJEt?AbC(Q
z?E5HD={%j%A*_|#pW}(r_Nsr9{x}=65TLVY1$oT2{MUOB80mWSG7GT3h@0&khkamW
zi<Z9~+SMjv(5~w0n(CnewROAdYpIh2SoYHxajP@#7tnE_Q&>D?^-vI6OkrYI*-EFo
zdeU!np5s}u`=Ws2SXF_l)QSMTaaD0<^&VoN8kzuqru9a|$XCoQEOvj|CE`?f_Sde8
zSmupojf0~Ls|`V~2oG&Dfz&d3Ywm-`1AFijr=@!hXMMTK)T-Jw(Dk_(sWYozWY!@h
z9Dj87ip|UOMq(_fw_*W)M#qYp(7?~d>Jf>cYnAtq=*WA;9(W_jPcA{;tT?Id6^2$B
zqH9wX?k7L`ZhfYegGqmKoBmO!awD1?mRYT18B~yPeSW^`MKl>~ImQRH)SXnyp2L`)
z98!K5ezQbn{G3(nR%1g?4lIMRBp*c?^i=#YnsnFH$9ZPY(8=C*xg5!@ewsG)OZ;2D
zlUT8UW86u;x>ul%FDIlT@dN{ZPPM(b9IJ_5oC3z?{1E+ggc^Tztmo~L)uD@I$C0~G
zpQP4u>Cogq=1Wt>_eCucV*<~C)3KOn^4jB$(hch(Wf4y#K-?o02eboTixDpUHG4O|
zuvRW!IS-MMe+ZO<IqGVaz0k&#tZ+0xOy>Dhz7wAWzBvB?czeUwUDWXWjK*7qM)4*1
zSk^Mg@j6Wzw2^->Wj>1aIpRL0(<97_QloXdkGwrpuA<Y-6Ec!8`>!G!fISwX9CIXr
zflZ*D0i{wn3pVCER9{Nwi2|c59}(94syOTT8gS5g@nm>RYKTsnf-gf}oj&CJq5!_)
zr(dFi@dSv-BqV`w1x!aIrudzOj{<CHT51nbxZ64zQZ#>Q7BgVNLAYz_rjw{CvgAc_
z*B3+C_)TY={-=zjyBiHiI@1w#Lo)@R6&(A(+Q-{Tsn7Bd(?^Ar0goUdAQcj6Q<H@>
zlDwiZB0i$lJOw23bcu*pSs*L!f#OxGjCN<=ft~|3^ek6i?o}y1ZFe7}mdwXO&?81{
zu#4DmH#&bBRbpX~7Y;^^z_}W(y_D>e^~`Xf$LGgkyxVt(cdb!6yk2+uoFF78-cw_H
zchgPB1}73$4EZLIW97gmVhZ_+Hp#RL>uxke!&V}0nLgkyN&~g6*;a=$qb@?sH^nM3
z7GZQdhTTn7`a|tAV9VyH)NM9l-K7uz0H`7lQO$pag5@I06#e05AKn#P;7ZqG(HoLO
zi-WtoQ5!l{-xg$kWMbOd&OdDw;^F0z`0fEb7WN=>(9)RIM^rc!Ok9Z7ng-r};fVHC
zzGox=G7w2|_t#%-OLXa>gu35&Yp&C+yC_MQk{x4aV5HdY*F))|XOjpl#~8AM8C}b8
zP~3lgHNrewFiC7%LL6GvX{2b}tg)*V<^_$tRYKVIxkgRm`Ww?z)I<zvLk34z+t}4U
zRO<KGcJb}1S_aW%DtpK5uG=JjC6eRPYNd(`c(}R{MfJ5*NfoX^xi+H5K2Zd#ZUETx
zt9;`tY>^R&I^0p7LIRHwAOg#CY9izaA(ww3F(nqjUrU}9agzfbag~o9DSoLW57VU(
z#pSnzvA-Kq;}8Z6vb@Y)*ptSf%WD8FYFo@aIaG-_+}6-J8S_aUm*#7lRkiu^rA&bO
zDhu6hM~F%2Iv-V&9zzQLZuPPPcv`i;u4D_ZmbT(GI#-(LWe#+5N~FZM4Q}zJdN6-F
zaAE{9lKSev3eM>#q=}8UQp*sD8Z_~1w&#K2OCF~0?_((-+e+h`2F<OGHl=_J)l-*_
z4Zd6ec#!6yFYN<|P=pQV7^uF|LG7xXyjclgN*?iCWXE)55Fal4m<Bw3G$`8z7@sB2
zcJ5TtT$p4syiMT_81b;b3LK)%sRDofwP>g5$oth@8-@7MCz}#ds?W8D07babqv9|E
zA;)@~^1W1JIDOlck4+h2RyRgjJAtLdE|M{1BH;1mMD++G<lOOeAKn#ViVQ+Fk~@Qc
zcu*1rvt4-6B*u+d7$$%V*i)XN9SaOtm%`J;1@Ff74;~n~e54z@0X1KjO}c+2?r&9i
zFB<+?x|>?usGgw#eEyg%`Od^?Wm>CeU<M5wa=VTM*id7~lYRW7w!{w&s_^3EM=6tG
zw$e4D+t2Y9PF%!h0t{dY=ERz(&gDJA1xsmVL8ZMkSa79|MUdDKZf<*O-z-$O=Av#V
zTlUd42x4a=C4k=}__%9o7+HTE_Smx?(rMR+94J?vLaz%|Z-yK=k(q{q!m4qE5GKkI
zijY7Txf<HlXN<T_qWWBp7xdFC_`uy#Mm$d{hnWI-iynuC&+MXJFc7nmf0srA;Dg8x
zRUud=&^1$~T+Jn}0xi8}swI_;nTaE@ZBAI67DUxa*1+EVw9E=g9khR?r@p(ad6Q~)
zro!hXLtf0o=&81vjT(Jb{#&K2K-j&P)y}Xwc-@~H@>5~#t#8zFUE+v+&`GS^5Dr{O
zzZZy(7PS=k_YNhx<(o7S&NceYXAz}6)^yEKIC)~;(@2s6+}4%&p*>g<2{)oe4AR9U
ziDIz}xj$tW9}g!k`xk%9jdf>kHXVYrp^0PZE`yUb$>M!9t!VB#sc5|I{*R|O;!mol
zJZqf2%15%Rk*7+*Zo;2c6F7gU$R8X^N3yYcdYV_}y+LH1+YiT%K8sgiFj*pIAPXCx
zRZ++>Vlx{98B^@FHPWycMzZBE19;;<TU1y2og0lRcSW%<UTJ^jo=dJYoEL$6eL}QJ
zL`w@QDD(gY2S2D|;X~%+HqpUUd(3+PuPM}ewpM+^UMzpR2s*cWn%cE?>~Xe`{{U3|
zL+?R=Zg@2Ohwgsbz|^r~OEYRo)RR$auwL5UwN+R%ZL&g+CZ?ciQ+i-jsO6!mox{Gb
zdZ{!4UBlN?dV_ysRk0ios(}_JsQQCkyWO@TmVU~#*tu}7`BP};uDa6+HB($HcJxq)
zwDOO_t?Z)0Z_?pCjc=x_AhuB-6jjQ#x2fK<TKaz@VRb0qg7t;e1*Mbst7{#BhBqd|
zX1DIFZlKEY$m(vTg^g=nPFsIbD(dUkRgzIqnzxi_;YEK)6v-FzjXBfcCOKGZVh7Pw
zu&qvxfWs*xi`&>KHwbGiMqMI)<v&$sr?@MBspG2SOCtOyO2TMog%zY<2^>bW)08KM
zbx5dIR^V#lfH+mHP%6{`0;~;1ccOp^43gu_C&zOXqwfv}xrZ@cqowtzvw(_FBFY?7
zllQ0WuPJ}8GhL`5l#s(v!$J>eskK#xoF3{}<C-%RqjH~UJ)*Fu!=Dsn8yO>QphyP|
ze(>c)={;~uY;4xFyb@jkyPLkX#^sTS*5F)ris!Xj!#CU9Yfqt)Nb)7I=8ID^*gt4X
z3TrzIh#Fi~y1Oe%oYu!uJE;ttA2VOOrKxSKq3(a)YTDw^lH5bLv{$0Z@buVk@UEV!
z^T?8sw|6Vn{$<w=7|FTtkD|7=sODTiF66_=xdl~KSGQ5P-`hz_HuQK`;&N%Zj@${X
zbZIT@u%+{c+#ERjMe2C^l(aN47TI`%{J0qVYbs^)I%Z>zK4ByHt6mK=9RC29j-%+k
zXXAgMewiRV9zYMQ)Y-$HsMl#su8hM{ZQ{_5BDa4`<$z_tlifFT2e9bElgjCF$AbB=
z-_2J$lZY#OQds#9jgcNgg0B(rDbU#Q9?I3ltAiDWYR`)vK17hRjSbY2Mbz-1`M7Ju
zk8No6oOtuGA<T^XqgEdae#2Q)blB4zZMlDIjeRwmYZ7S>FdZhv0{cny8Zu<!Tiszu
z$$-9M1!e%~Y-mFgRmt+1&d@G3)QWyJd_^`!v6rVwq@}<=hV)3sP5YT4PNT#v#<IMY
zRC_rkcwd*MthmABxw&gxoAIRTp=VO1=b@;$5wJc~(aE@2>Muc)rB1Mj)d?uYw=RFY
zX&Ep=5wXbJE-&3r?8yrl#+X9tybD`(CZaM4$y4(<fO$;ne7(e6*f*fj4^*64Cs^hT
zySz#-?G-DL)+1Y;vi9&lvbnm0Tm4oDHsV0mlypoAhv}JHkIS@n7cCQgK-J(FTesq6
zm~U%&s#jI-8dYG*==-h_p>07?sMddv9v4rQLdB2{(ikggttaXOY$eEuE<&bKaPwjy
zupX*PZl9&`UhJmfTy1gtYA5MAF-p?IaHNL3XO}(|Njipf8Al%CWVrxHE=P9mG?zh!
zgyt*+%_)VI_U>(e@G3m)?kuS|<VBm;rCL6zhmZ_2hQ@Pk4y%7nQeK}bFq(e?9y^oa
zJgG)<pmWHKiO%8YV}eNcg~1dyY-UvqjGzrHM>?4#oo!;<NY?u6Tyj_ex-@WmMN(MD
z^Cg@i#t0-O!VY%6v`zSJ7*hInkVQje<CNPhWl-`{&ZBM=ksXdxQLAf1Q>=u>kX;uU
zN!chD<E^Mtz!}+=MQiKFTC#uQ#&r{;TR=Ea&J5(;N;Uf!Q%NWC`iZ&V6CWBylrXmg
zs3VxE9X}#S+6P;tib1usCx*31aI%%Jw@V%bRhJJnO@gpIPQTkjdHErF9zP}-ak3s6
zM%O|^141O%r|SJ9D=rg~u@jP-ANh;>MR|r+Rw}@&E`%KobW+KpS;T+TT+~*VN$D9G
z@?0tMmr{FsskW-6f=#n~q4dW+FqN>DXAR=h!YfGh=PkNf)G!<`!h*PYDUM+}Y6305
z0YyX|I#A@vBAbnTS0H!SD{aee4IBh)9-aX&lr8tIt%X64qc0qmYxW9*hl-K3XCVge
zV1q(zPM*5_(Dq)E?*4y)=pA3Ah1ip@2eefNHY|;J@)J>OHim=p-9K&qXGJ=jbE;&+
zhR!^>Hz->jEN(fPYoo9SUXw2v-B|YCyC(u|+stHu2Mu+k1>*pu+gS1h(=VNyj>?H4
zYp5hPx|(rr3|IvWOp*{r!dk-m9csfqSX{>`^8%g+kG726Um$-3Gs2I&Y1^d_=I}Bb
zYvYx3%}+Wr#eD-D7-1*O0QmD1Jkh?Y6Q+7Eyywwl^;NOQO%j6>vbzgyZU&fC7cC2k
z7mbwbQrv&sVg>UqEbqeSjanwlZQI$w`=?qw)8wfNq_1fsl?UfCiz)~46K(>lRiX$c
z1<QGM%3o!e+>?LC+ED&mEx3ojd817>Y-7bBu(qPy=q;C)V-Mz=mbWexCiV7-u5xhc
z`AjTU$Gp^@l_>xVU!4K6vQ7U0IrKcVsFh}aC-WGFUlF;~-;GzhnnK4>&*|(S5VIzY
zy5!Xt3K+=UG-Ag5Xbpfvg)B%n)`u<_j{CK+91m?I{{Vlx@Emj*Xz-Mh)2Sx>JLr3`
zP!Oe=djQg`F(MKmuqs8(&jUe7SUZkJ_7=Sfu55lK{M>Ln5Zj&415jsjLaHjWaOZls
z#s)2b5J=S8ujGJKwv2+nk_8fn;+GIUWX-q}?$~HMYe%C--!fUrJ4Z9llCmNGU?%q@
z8q?_jeq(<FeR$HggqhuGq?<Xy`-m*ec~LraOA<q2se6;mk|}K5g)>OEySp0>>V6<X
z!`xTuqRpjLRaeQG{cTCiO`_+^;5{an#KQAQdH4kn8iS`BYg&0p=5;t!@G<H~9SsUJ
z^2#SYu04%<uRJBtN|P+oC_LE*Y6J9AQR~xkIrx8?v}^>5$L~k=R(wC~@<(~B_<ahl
zs0`-)9~Zc<(Rw~*y!)TM0^7XswJyrf(lHSMW@oTbsXCh5ixE}VB4r+OphX-)0rt~+
zHPjP}C&*I^18fi+rSZf(2ze8&&wU50b-aF^;2)cmM}{HGy}K!XyZVFW$;87UvJQ_Y
z5g&j50M%Y)ed5f;<YRVosV21B+T!%&XMM)lN%Ar>ra2i+zEi+`)E&a8ewyP|4yT=N
zW_4U}s@zvz)Cjdfs**3qjZT1Zpky1>YD+I|R^osrqPVrGtX`X$ls78*ar|$muu^R;
zLL|3HTjh{WrA?{MwHp-Lx}CQ^fk4N_d>nuE5*^mIy`i+NUZl5D2Q+GnTPdNc>Sp4A
z-7oiBN+v=9lM4^LjHlUD>8pO5CvzKnDAQ_j8?=%1RyO&*?CsmlE9fzZzHT&XR5sg#
zeiyxGbvVFg9jpz-YIOY}Vc6^`4y*_#0JcC$ztSsOJe=FA8}4Ro71e83R)%HNh8i2y
zg<m6o3QQ>@NiE}2!rjN6R)o{a2ZO6yqp$i#J+9T0TRkLO1Rm1I>8ZYhuBAGs`xost
z9@9Wb#D!4mInlbpmcrN#i#m(ed=cm4ozampuiZRN=_T#dEb=oyMuKs=FUpeF1aQB7
zW2kUhUq?bz`bBzdX~e6wl*cF<qj9Vp<q4aAI2_vk(N30f(-o4{0Tpd(m#ZsPh>>cW
zR1P(20FW!HFI{>7n^vz#>YhV1c`VF~09)!(-(_W2ckm;DrD~?3jX2QvkdR{zgfg(W
zBT#EMsbGYTS>ao&4;*9e_pM}fuCXo~`ETQikBUFFI}dewh^C5omS`JvZO^l~_8RAZ
zb#!yUxmHJ+K#W5vHqaW|%>(jNynO<PnbURiv4xGnl0MyduYD6agFHob(2;LNH)Ps^
zd}2hVC;D>!Hz(T0qdZ;l<K&1wn!D?Vj=asjl4`j=EahI!f{D-6rJ(Fa(&jhA9leW4
z;(z$1zuuS%Xf>kGe&RlgRs*-C<By7eLVcAt)72VmYWoZ-?&*rZ8~txf^?sDu`SUa^
z5@=zJs#?ML=ud4o5dQ#0j;EcN{{R)}@&5q%ETizmpFk#>Z9EyZCTHoqu{<*L`M9V%
zLG0!|RWidOhJ}a)TbZ_lg<;}kJ~m2aA@M6*_lxQ)&~?m2&c}l)4lQdpYPalvs<l^=
z;UQZ%0?}Nf2T`!@wd<M$c?69jhPA!n!m}jlp$)vt^5Io}pSDe*t}X`-+B{b=t2d(1
z*BH<cz{<WZI*n+Fg^yyQabhjRRxkA8557H>c(BY;#>9ryY3Zlo%EEVijkdr^Y<%_b
ziwf!bLu9OWoma~i)17(qJZevWjmzBKRB$)#s{GbKBWgChFQqRB%si3l7o}y#1d$^v
z7a*;TxK$y<>To)V6{L?)<3pt(1hfADPL@FIvMXqAZZxH%>RnwpPT$_vr@^_(9Ko@b
z)5O!OG-M5jfZ#`MDGyAYRamhFjrrScS0D8UR384>2Ro0pv}6577+WWQ8`i(uNvov^
zp{Ax_4m)Q+Wb&jX5Ss?nFz*y|n~9Qy=0q1^ADo<zF8VrW^n9D#h@FLw?++T8x=Kq6
zj9EbsZaR%U6&d1(jsm%THFB}mOhU61;BToMZAsrN36-K^fvvhW;d*9hGVwANM7&GD
zvg*FNVhq@GH$#$uN<24z`>lS;scCaU2Oe7G4-e$zf$pDms7EE2!7M6B?9#g@2gy5=
zRlSsR2ePcPd5Pu9w{_uuCX8^<3QIOLiUUN#+W1XC`CWx>$_~6Lz+;9Ql<m@t?T=u>
zYhOY(-|V7eNdb7{fD>tS{7P!FVym{~m41;-uz=Zo;H7x!R*p1(40cSW{HXGMLJ*(I
z&Nw)?b5kn}{zAsD`HD$q-NYVLLL|8cMQt<}9BBCIF5S<x4&5zD*}hC638p4tecQ=i
z&Bl`JT{{+8V)=$t$tp|juqAnJtt_6VxbyiDfJxWP`?vUMX>+%^l1zA>L&b^)Cf=IT
zmAlTJiFT@a$&NaIXHA8!&%aFpH?6&r$A=6!V1UDOI_c`6eC5WN@Q?nOqQ%zCQzSFO
z3a}#4=u~pkg*(#v>m0#euL(dW!_0L%_h>FjG;9oajWPoddOHjAr(dXa=*Ny>2$X0a
zyPaJQ9BRO1Dc(FKjjJ~85d*=7aHq3)O~TxM$|B%OQMXus5(byy+gkU5LHy|0o*K}~
z0t$&x-1hRN<$g&I+sw=Pc|KlP)5hDyfbOn~3nYRH*xJVCpL}e){!1mhh`l3_omCf5
z+;!W-=&DV=E7UL*dTfP3k<n~@HEH3(cHJgOR<ITw)UGqkGEhib!;SqNlpiFPy@^st
zy*P85eFVpUPCg6mA2d87!r<3O)8P$x@*+I=+OySLQE$DaUC=K7013D{3((YJK_<uJ
z>C-IBAlSfhDnUFbC#TI5hS<tA)NuCFUNtUNnRf7|BbPluD=Tdx^h4$$oP3OhRT4eP
zHnVHajPkAQ$r~Hng^$rm!<js?1duBW*pj;GQS(=S@iYq7_pC_aL$5%W%wVoH+k9H~
zsWc~-rKf^Lkwx!rJZgh89Qd0Zzq<bbwxQ<1li!9*^3)nUdRQg&FXwcA7L<d^)!#YO
z0_hZ`Q$gMI(D(H1KPpR9jE<O!SIUydh%`dwZ>Z(}0BO(EaR<AO$I{h9)D(~t6kWJn
z-mmk2eKc^!bEUN%wI9?mhS0dIcIdQ1{V(bg`GRhvk+8_HAW^05dV!hLBo|vMi*N&-
z5&D9KYhwkD_cuK1zdIpYsz!k8PBHOFC#X4>JHx(4JGIc-sxahx7CW!68_`Zo_W_+O
zdj_JpCz;9I_BXbGTAoti7;K2~PTQW^-08}HBgSLt`l}`~7!qB9y{rvuh7sVo?lqm9
zjv&LDCE4Z#yRam`b?ZfM<wSoH(5A4#QTQssza}qARN3WsHlp^}wnm*!1OEUmzPb&F
znF-^)hp5r=^y)Ak)M^Z%`Jf(BDfJqzE3q~B*wMbQH)@geR(>}3S)fEL(h?L7XIgK6
zbGt&34bB;W9o3<WhZYP(k_?UFclvBQsc<4-9u5lN<3_SDX(I#%<S(hUV0FLL4<j}&
zPitGlB;%KIe%hy8>&GeE6Ag%jX(XfXeiiPlO97zJR@B@4*7_OR(}Yn_1+f~QCynX~
z5yMeMs`@KZ4#$lomum})6KWPxg_)Iq0JetI#2?RI@Mu|r*(COXOa*s1?y2(+Iw7i+
z9*QJTKzr~tJB?JOSHuVdo|@ADn}s)t)3Wmj@{-Z>k+fg!t*jn}i;WnYD2XHkaV_pI
zqKQ9PLHSro=Dz^k5PB;oxx%Z|(NmZ>Iz|=(dHF0Ihu?kx{uQY`LP;1lJa&bDNG&7r
zVb5yPxlqpW{Kiw6B@DJ7bw%|SrlVV_8US>)L+0O+T^0`Nk*}W|qk#l{qKlTr;ZjA3
zUL(9!a{O2@xz*Czb2jkQ`JiG8i`;D|=&9hljLzvo_<0G;H`!N^{!Sx)J5_pE@#L=n
zKsNS@m;V4|j(!<!O5Zo%`W+j8U+Y~4@WjMQkrhxJmUF2W9EE4~IG6@=BRK?d;p`Qu
zfNa?#@eitz>cZIUPZB};YfZifKK}sD-OSCuRdrAQ0H(UNGBy7IQJ?jg>)8=L)~veH
z{X}on!u$}Z_L6HfRPFp1VcS+uD%<IT*b(=O`%PjV2Dh*Uu%RD>QGEh`x{CFg7C2(w
zYz%{6K%wF~zN*0R;Z^JE9OFjZ3zA2wl3WKy--{tf90B1%j}<Nfrrs2rlBjFA(c>3W
zUUxcB`Es`lpR%<vdV`Sg<^de)G$(@&+Q(*!SsmKsvlGD4RSk=T6x~y}(cyqh>l!I6
z+5u`^<CYm(DMr^`Ak`;-Ak-HPtzPsRx|(7L4Ru!a*S!E<^)*3O6ahB9In(-{Mg+Up
z#~JtIJQ#l3Qo55#s9<}1T)cePM9?+I-e0_@u+=iL41mcEmQW6d-D}s7#mt`yVKfc2
z@L|Y~!YkJF?xzP(OD}?T7kH1>y`s7AM_jE96{ieLf+EL_#hFNdRtJb8hjAxRxcJA=
zD_Uq4QW%dKYNz(rPC7X18(ns=Vn{Tq<@yyK))mdLvrlOvfui7I58ppU8f`E#``rC>
z8G#ts%gjc{+eQBXFLO<W@_h%8S{!8Muu&n`sAqraf&TyvLXR3L`-%sy)exWceL=er
zeN-(>S%sa_&O8u*oOLo3kA6ch;yN{{@6-7sBN|?tA=P|Pp6~25)Up)C&T*#PbX)pw
zUTYU7OiAL(PBD>j+Bu5RO{&utjM&dcM?y!4-*E358XJS=+;)rB##j1`PnyNCXI=4<
zFMjIthpOcZgJIj@sjGJMEk7Cl;ld9PKk;g*Q@u1lbRSTErK8W!ak&TzO@+s0a`i0l
zi4S&_Q2G+{^&Q8KB^rPZ(sdl~Mnp?O$6edC?5y$CGi|CP3b^X*1*L#`s$E+evNS|U
z+v6kh+CUGoh%j-)i~<6n3tVzEoLyHHkTWTaGh8t?yDd2uOfoTe<pi+=t7*cb)wcqx
zWyDb8$MWKTFh2gIdTA-TPHN12nL`6|s&vw|o;gu9LVQ=c_=SnTDvvoDbt>9egUZI2
zm8#iMR|ZxTbD3m|Ej`60bo*+U`FR+}bW$?gu>F;_Dgq<ft;1j0OUcsVmL+5!Ta_2L
z3)NR~Yh@BkrzfC%Kh!cZ?aGWwheE(vy__kx#=^>fjO1cjf$=&G4aaq13|XP+%_v*S
zjCAI8wFehCq=Au)GXucsRO+0%klRrv^b@+H$2W~*wU00l?5gEskiuw9#}iddh_lyg
z+ANYSxM;6Kiy~MhY<z%ra0i$_vZKYJ$Xi6)OSn>KqYgO*)zyLFRFfH9md8LmBvB#3
zBpYjg_0oOHIQ0AR+HcOLJOdd7SQ}c2@(u#nk=w0GVZP=JN$fY$rh0)z!c_dpoCwfe
z&vjyT{J64mV0?0XxYuY?rHDP1v7W*R5(VPqvw8;#^O7q*L#g*eZU?Yd^rTf;=1kqD
z&2kx+^P&KoHx+8=r<yg|+hpuFv8BS}t^Cb@(=p-!vX5n0HU|dBWgVf7>ee(9hp1^Y
zCo5>sCu@7h)l`K<3fU7K&BT+$)TTBh$NenjB;=B5^w2VsD&9nb%!cHAU$%zZz$BLd
z{XY=(9IrbgSk&C#g@@g(EZA|Uc9R*m>=tFUhMHY_sR**8XwwcGs_hLa?e3>ym&#>-
zbsRZ&c2jh1O!g<rAM+4wc|>cjyN<O6DTeFv)K<In*`y`zvE!4uBxA_bIq6UfOCiW^
z1TKrEW9IaUHH2g-m<1t<l6&dMm#DVk5s=u}akUY;#1Voqag{>zw&V2Dvvr=ODw3>K
z2WFgU#h(PbiwMwME~Z&tU7#;EAR4-VVJvI5T$q<#+;6R7-!^vwM`9Qjz0D1=CfmFd
zV7rLpOUIpuJq^#4>C5kBuBQ45;=LGLwo?*#*j7yV?J0?4B?p(dl^jnh;nSOO(U@%(
z7yI1lLe;Uu(9<u_wFX%l{CHFxj*1i@c>n^#QNopOjkqtB9qv3^*yw6UMk}m;h8V@P
zxhLzR9N0q`6ZBBqgpa$v)ypSG3d*w|5VLNjlc(WE!_Li*XyO%aeYMRGLRAXc4#a)s
zTXCo3*212_%snNR$v79{H-6fqVB$EkWD9oOP=kJ)Rk2xIjwI<&XZ<!c5lQW%#qf3y
zCB-1g(-bHRF5oUMJLpHHxP7I6n@~tKA3M;LSrTA710UN&i!-M(yF?`+1=y2&4{a#A
z=ky<y9|3dI-sEm?2>|OrlLf#hdC=>|oIOLQ8-UUaoABpD`OE`*%HsTVs$OD#9E$v!
zn9Nsgw-+E(oK^Dn+~_O?amm9vu1f-YL8>&-k#xxf_tT4W2}Q;<LQ4{VZZ+<%@*@v@
z#a8?~>2oB!e9%v(q)92zz3Ic|DO?cTQN#(kH&bz18Ev-#`)yef`Gtp$z#VH#sIV9$
zb2b&7m$_u6p<Ii6nttcmRAc_0CjHN>Rq}t?rN7JjC`^CQqjm-Q>pN<{$lq_^{{X~m
zH~ro@?qN&86xp*pQ4bJ*DodYrY<bfX#V&SiaY3TPee&{M!|Sb6@?9qklENsLR(9e~
z+G?K;W=X<mybxpH#7*wjyplKmG!^A~=U;s0Y+ObwiZqfzp_90GQvF-5&D6<;8^wwa
zyqWzqoGb;00m8PX+-BODTGOE*04z8Pf-A3GT9S3Drl)mOngC;e0Ym3Pjlqcr*+%Nv
z%N|b9G%5`PryF$)WBC5VT0Lxkt3%qKZA*UT*nA8oLZ-&6O-P`hO#z~E<st>h7dGTO
z>V*LAD9MA9G-bkVjYZ40ns-*7b{tT2sH~%T+qtc&KAL&gb{hfCBmV%Fm!2gDj{vx#
zX6a@JJA$v4N#|jIaY^*hrZNKAhZEW=-7O=@201r*VFQG{m7Co+u0`^5rh$Aaeb6}$
z>dW;nQ&)%!mZ7nv7uMGU(XCe&#RHRa)+5nJSdb}OYQXAsCX>TH6;po!D{n!eX##r4
z$$?~!a8~ZVByM04dW=?9$03LSb2@RO!flab!bBtZPxjJ(_^1|1VPSBmfvI{833Tyn
z$=8p7*!mi#LAMNk3BKAWU7cOUtR6lCg${rA(|#Eg{WPueUWWTW2i=ZgkSE9ou}vq`
z&=@9eByc^HWHOm%5Rv8-QZK`eEt?F>1DPZw+T})r*H^cqG5yE;8JoNR04=MidiHXz
zt;`LMyl>WjCm#x+{{V)O6xUXNGpc2`E#P|qrG-sCE3n?IhWAgRy%s38G$Zhjs=Vua
zroAiz(8fCyeN?ZY>#32~9Y#(vv9R$SYH`k>AH8}XU5n4niaYJvgx}I>XmPWk)+Y|5
zU51n=RgtSTXN(W!#*dEf%XUC)d5X@3Z5sM3K+I%+#+o@0#Wup*4=_2Y=SauyFQ8PZ
zhPsyFxgO~$zcqUl7Nx&ZEwiEv#HG)+pXf_`iCeKgvq*lVbsb4>$|d^EI(+>IzMiIK
zP3oKPz!EA$c7i=stPv<6y<7uBS6<p6Gyx-xSPN8vQ$QW9bxlP8O@&@Jc->@;iaMLC
z4kD?4QAiI{(t6Tn+6;mhBxnfHU(wimt43HA*hyd|Pj$PyE5g{R+=pv%xUWIdI{1*T
zHfwE@f=YNE=B#hG8L6dh!H3C5OdN%i!sYL7;&_S{Kp~)yvNif^TPGGQsP;aG?zrMB
zGbJXEDlsD3$^c>RwYw`O<*tVNQ5IZS^4QLQM_|9OP+(*JzE6nT=&MBAre-ITP~iUn
zYdPlc_R~fTrbqt(jOr)37XE-M6C)Nl@nYI6SlN$hBK5bIr$@{q@5{I96_?cRFwl-7
zQay?VX<zCLZ}i@F(%m*=+R&5qiWgMCG3EpV@})b6{{S$(WUI*=B=McH#&-`$uUI92
zPNRUCF{ow(cGK|>d1$inw5}mnz{PkHINQq`KnF@uFyRQSSH#C#){^J+*)AlEfOw7+
zLH!<30F{%n`j4iX@<<!2W^@>^q{XAPz#xm>hS*V+XW&Z@s<s!Wz|Fo4q$KHP7UNZJ
zk({b_qRh9yfq_3wDRU(+7)V57!zWFDjU-*cWqS`u6sYO@N{D1+EX98hXstGicyWYt
zMDe$nPO5kjORJ}tgK*LQ%5`r!C8Z107B*K@#YtVH+2o!aLke;}y^k;hHyvL80DU|y
z>8W&ENzdKA3Gw1-w`~NGYtZ4$pj-!_JwA2~i;_@_{#3j*7UC(zj#%PRBHRIgZR_Gw
z?5{kyC_`;0cw@AUEH76%S(p<rjzh6a01521MX5MND@IM7m&cc1y-DQs{Ctv(!q2+f
z#)pMl8?MJZTk>HHr0p!aHR-f`JdmdvQE=P5w$SjYO4Va_O=QW($DS8uknW21N9XIU
z6?T{ir2caM04>ix<5MI>2@VK<1dpbL9D&)RZw#r!@ebOi<cNT{?(1|ql{#Oto=Ii`
z;yyK>a$9-PfU)nV;>?W_#`;uQbSVWH5|8lBO5{jgK#bjuhpwP!LE3eq4Cq2Tskx0w
z9-dVyt+b<1ZWCrlRhT|pmOdE#Bh|)|>DW+79GUs-QxRIqqeCMORb01!J6PWA$LTaq
zvV4(^fWGEDV6gmcU3SqU8tO6qe;ywWCKPCchVDN_9uB+H@=uqYimDEqfDAo+>&{-L
zrV(&@ZlU^b9%#J&p4(WB%D1|=?w(bMCV63KX4YsmRy=LMsjo@;a#ntpfSc@gQRuzv
z&Self%<7}U?BbPM%H$z`94QCRNO%hYZu-{-^?<LlHHRX8kz0|QfNOQ3m9-0$8ccYf
zakAYAxwe{(DMpBuRs!TTi0!Q`NTbL}apZq3ZY1B?w~by-rPFaVg*?~zxf9!Z!tN~z
z8q+9S8wJ=*7B=w@0JfYv=#li9QWCS2i*>gWLE%cz*E8pBu@5YNHi{H#eP)u8bEjwC
z#Ig;?aVDlM#iUj{n<x5g7B7*#lx+b9mZjgR^yt*2XjpI{^Av=gGC-HzxyZN%_NHXO
zghUTLqW034w-VdQQEmzf{{UH0aTEXnz>`3JvzkqpYI+6!x@sH<SZ*L66}>=E(g^(L
z8%2ORdg`W<@t~rA&NHYijI6=7^0@?DflGy+X9{-$+zT4jSizKwSXf+DrH5&a_JS3y
zamwP7x>$gFZSgZB!jj3ji?KKK3L|vV>9`wMo_xD0<%yY+-kM<J$YBZrI`SR#p5w+!
z`*q2gHY8DEg&-0gZff7t;5V=a=Hj$v!kSbn6qdL;jzWrmnAr%Rd3L$f=}XPVyhFya
zVt-DL&R|zfY$=%Vk_hHdExs{-Z9H)0-p)pb`kLt>Ye~A^;IIe2hj#dj#Tig^=-4^A
zBI{#+ZCUzkVeA;F09#&k^l?~dJ`!zLWxEq^MGp3!B`Vetko`L5!Ow`B5<4mnO*>k|
z6K`RyHjM6nUqLlMrpCb2SGV9NO2L%4QpYMgYPYq=3L--~mLLKFz0GJ^@r#eYRAXh9
z+yMfu+DJ+TWAkGmIQR9xE;XUl*!d`&i5mK;GD|vlQ+-nVBVJegDj&%d-U4Kc;>14(
z*;K@WOxPmEk3duzUy={oOe_**EHK1us-VjJlpbDxntFVUK8=OKz<a7a=W5O+^^-+^
z8p7g&&yj=CuuI5xqHqJ=cl$}N6Q9&_x}>Ijqu>PjP>*#7+G;w6R!32r&&YBu{J6)u
zgSb-nW%q}yS5DsFikI>^?P+}oHat0Yajv=a)aZ2{+Jo(@B<q7ydaoLbb{kMK#MMny
zu^eoFYl9X$RauW<7or6ru$&C+d-3xY)vwmp*)bE%57$_D_g<lma6u9-htpgAY<_en
zxrI%>RqQn7Gdmj`WKJV3v{;fy8+HnLabm`gHDVSU7ml<poGq7s!fDBMOwRb!{WTVE
zLec@%NBy!t?)_AF$K<M?y&u^?>Sp~ZJGRq*5$LhC?h1>0C|@5@KbN4dNNv9^Pu?#Z
zeUwbqDbyo>jD1>CxQ<sJaN``TeT{m1tf(s#%gMQR9cq6&U0OA=_SN)7!z5(iRy+q2
zNhQ{KkX&5fyaTN_9>q<{HiOLlrj?P@<}0teBHH%Qm8Q6m_zf%A!zj2_a5e004O!QJ
zXHj9wMcqPcyb?w|>s>us)X6%|`17i;&?_+(7h%GaLt28!0eZY$jTxb2e=8+<_)oCW
zbAeu?jKhHhP_hWyk#of~_S9Qi_Wq|v&&J)t;-B?H@kOVq)n29isR<lbhXm;!L@%oi
zmTjYP;oU~aOq{^Tv3W?s+vGaixkYJzOc?Lx_|6P3*<D)S(1-cQhr`agwDLwiEL$k<
z%gAooT8CWCzDXP6c0SWnRJ2`$K^j-4j9NAH530P^cX+Q(p5poiMfep{52>H~rMn^@
zNuow{6sK5EGpaX;s8n7RMHx}+9GlnSZa$+#VP}9RmxE};CV;Qr0PQ`O7OYTzyFgxR
zr?X1Z>6xP;j4~;XRo2It?yUQQNg9Gr*HV*Brc|bC^a10YyMV0TyAsdUB)eF~s<!oB
zwYmcMCOxbN(OA7qm+F}=4ZL>t3sa}f_7(K?1>{^09lcd%z{nWwl7u=Ytfxb6(Nw&H
zffcI-$48K#fv;BEP(&jQyt12rh~rQs1BSI%1S*b4TT~4yi9wc5>L6oFsn(3GdIn$9
zQYtI1C<0ALwN~}l(ts^hU>ia-?dMjpHQQ+ctI~So;+4nEV)*Aoo0@kwb$VhU$ct-P
z<6&?|&_S;YVQU>h;wjFV)urjI5$`4$I;R$oy?eW>JMGR^rB={ym>Uv*MlNp~D{OxA
z$kk#N!XJu3_0!Q$22>YPC5A!Ah$54gCdDd*md4+?TfBYKSt8y*XB%{lzvg6L{wmGt
zhy5y_`R`g8gg;Kjw*xl=>7=rDyiu!argy)7wN?KB`V$ezf$`l{xH|4rPjn3b0F}x4
zc@3eQ=zbUF?W*<6b{R^4%6}>}QEyFV+tt}tz17bVG}ARY?@RJ#l4w^+d`sMZ@T7i4
zgi)8i@(VG)V7+=SpOC#%rx@fv>R_;L{>JsvG67(uSgz$Gyb6yyEOIoZYiTgk%_M=k
zGCR#4EWV={-3;4+r<OEwOARc)T?Z!+gA{NOw`SDy^wp~;z>86T)wLmE{Y}+i{%Y@D
ze8n`MsQO+{hc^)}c%8dVWZFbxvaZ_?dzI?DQN_px^x<~wEcfnjtUU`Pf2GKLVt(!S
zFZ@*x(zDQRf>`pDaJPl6>#sg><KhO>+-*+u$ubgI7tU>{n})rWEj|u=hoH&xAac18
zG)zz48ftrLCXP9OUQOcQvExU_>+Z|8P_nJK9zM!0?wOaOH_OO*HiGn}tx(aD_`u?X
ziMFYeM(m&x@IRH1Hn{g>9_x43zD5M_#-J~m7+`m%qTY%G(MKb%m^TBV6#TtI#z@EN
zc@coJA37n)xQligX@prNvN7AlHL=jGW6d16%+eqy9`*o#>uP5PaArvm+fW#GgUW|o
zN)(!LN#?01Mj9}!I5DAU)RnnBYaxc*gKY;7*;-IbC{bge9hHsOBSbbaF|Y0m(%nut
zV1ZI4+R`??;8pzTzwjwerzvSw8~io;PPFz@cU=hF_?c69vS5$3#r?G%UHA1IgUMJR
z^$S%)Zt75fFD=9CuAL0oS!^2RT(W`0i}LhWMfF5fOo9!LgmDJCv_wkrwsgpE3IVY2
zc{nLQS)fj?VupEa9n^q1um|2XGEwP2P7S>zH*33kg?V`-57d0pedlxSy?TzGeqZ$P
zbEoCAdv9JqwVhwE{dB9V0c?}`i*Lk!n%KpVJYe>JipHOco_0T7Xmt1dusbVinb{h+
zt`j0MbyhnVcQ%x|<E%YJknp)%RNt85H5Bx?hFpcqED|!R+mCNLjo3<k2eqi6$3Z$D
zf<gzZQ)3+#Msae?HlIMMNt=TcF#yWs+=U(+`b{q{S(?^GScmZ+rn#clh~#uiQavOx
zy7&}-=q*E&6`4Xji4Y>inTH=mWJ}d#d-;<yeh`0UMij>)R#ih_r0#CsRZDH9E$A;a
z@Qs+p20De4DOlW-u}Ps9=*ZjmOCwsxK%&)?9zI;!$om1{0HLk~l5Q;RWh7tGRrb=$
zwxp{!qR`qsU#3P$Ty4bYOTQac8}%$GKQ0J=ly(qWvSYwcEtv7JBiT%h2vRWHMytcV
z)ZI4MHYDuE<o!jIu!&S8YTP!U=SrW{d9Qm)#11<^6*1z+CMeu45CRvz)HpFB@#*(P
z{d{QlB=MsJn|ulmvzasO63MvmB+#FzX0sK$oxDxWJM!?MU8`p8^;DuLxVI2Kx^kj_
zQs5|Zl<Lgr<jk9J+`z98N#|8@kg}M|u{OQMYXu&BzN#;hq7dbECZ+BqlZ{IIZMLUI
zVgZx9uIF10G**i-TEb@_3zpWkyp-J_VW1qlYO0`<amZ=vrT2Od?Kz1terqW~CP%Q)
z)#A;`Zwg9D?5$UdG8;>S%G5Q+h**Vx8edygtJS!IZAVoyBs!i#ja(7w{k3)Kj@n47
z!1j(l$}3{RVi!<I9Br*9E)X&Ts#QT3BeIWc48fxmi0W*h8;Wv#X)`h-f<6mk@5x1}
zEKFHsm?V1Nmv?EeLOhP2jM7Nf3NFpen$FmGD~3syY+jd%xz5!=U^%h<wd6B@^JdP-
zGfSZ0iOEG@sPzeYgyu;!jdYDUDE+jhYqv<t)QdSQRVJ=#jRQ1Za5lNJjzm_HOcfwr
z<3rjiE=PZ&scA<MQMyltn2YXHr#||Sw;*3bL%TWKw3FFunrjygS|pvx7jOc0So5i~
zODuIx&KD^f{+u9Fb<~1EJWXtW<YGe<U_^mIj4=RlHlp=-g2x#Hksn20Fdr#x{#V&b
zmhyFc$g+t%@r`$*GK;ILDd)zW>z?!{y!|4SZES8XEui$%eQQ|aJ&Zn)Pj}@}?R;!6
z)3nTALsO5(D0ahtVWhA>-Y0$js&)PO$7~I6QLOE+p|Ta~8uX#+qQK36<v@PxpdN!l
z%>MxKfOjnt4SIAvz!H51n)v#YZ<nC1F!1C?c}T<CPh^unNLKsG1^)oJZAiv;<m9Jm
zRvxiW;xoP^kR*HjO?D>Ap}v~V*t_&*+U-}>0>(v}6_!Ta27!1ew{=X&`ArzcQtumF
zw*&*9ils5|@MHe~RWF%;%t!Zc`=gC;%FN5~;z#7g{$pwE6<lQ*@PLLWp&PR0;rAoZ
zdfSZxOtqAGIMFjI6*24@3u{b8)1n7_<j*H-a2|n81qv(x1F%y3K+lsOGcrVyP`KhU
zN`c~SXsOe&l<sh4Ze`8sx}=gv5WJ2Mcbik}IqE{Baf>2_9m1`DNYB<VqW4LZ_9)ZZ
zYd&tflKMh|A=~d7YOJ3mZ(6#%xAiRl0Q29C_}5eL>MtTwa;D~13-MUn+e8*RiqYur
zx+^fcoja>OL|F1BMHW?d0Co%2R?^yy2WmxCr&7?UX;n{cdPVm~qP+GfzCsTA^jxZL
zDxPbqw4c=_5rAxe7Wec}R!pyfO}h;-nXgpIJ)1|-P=i{j!p8w6)N2NN7Biua;MtC<
zbnT>~{#yDgYZ(E=Z7*<iK8nVV+**X@ONfJipo?R<?SH6NM7S+F%aa>^V>`Cfz>AvL
z=|{`y?Ee71eu`Ev1{(JvC)O`nyE?paX1jD&R-OpMM-I1t1JWyN8*22$FJOk(zY7ys
zc=6snz}S*&V<>ItcI^xFn%df>)aT&)6wBza$_v7Lw(iwWs<9`=o(W7+sRxndM{R5L
z%-I!|20M|o7vd?-sT%nz#@GJJw&2d0X&4WOBzUWoJW-Qo9hF6Hb+}`{>B30j4Zn)8
zUmqqRayKu38?Ln*ck-FlS)-$SZ^fusbq#yhP!Y)-YWF?0p@=|jQ@Vx)`PIUT0KV$$
z)NK_Y3ILnb)K^dgJwK?;(`DX(zB?byi~j(bd+XLgk&T;;zA_|+L9hNhYsJwp^Kv?D
z-gG`FoB7c4BeZwccc+$Cr7K5c&~+I8UOadXs3rz~Htkc$`YS#|b%Y)sdsuqwRq`<U
zlvvEIc%>v<d&t0CQZJ17^1~FK_skMI)wQ^+))YNU;~_e*-ZBR@3-k)X^Am;maj!v~
zLwwQXE&l+NQW$c?tPzx1_?rt}jkgJxys=mPpn7&`!pcmA)jio1b5q8)`mB3UX2E8L
zQQ{+iylB;r)#8c?l1Nl4$PbvKg~vL3^#1@*R#xe`9w^)s2|U5#pR%gzV#vz2h6)0V
znh<Oj<aXa$w5ojg)Q%;#)w6~_O>q>khK<eQlH5mO?-V7?>5@8v2z%LVPM4&Y676Yu
zCPh;*3<2S#4<iyck*%Q#W$va};TZ@s6>u$oVnMZB#E!+1R5uo}(usHyiOG&}GVWDa
z8vt*5YYrJ9hb^SmPb$EQc`>C@$7mp}hSPo($fZ(k>&I?~vh>}><H*89L~tfej&uak
zj^Jz>;CAXOUpEdMf`r)ZYE$}3k&*!xAZ_mFN1AG01I4EWak`F9F|x7RIH~apeR42=
z^MEV_GmZ>B(tGPQ`gTlVe5UgY0io@skYyy>Wlf`jBZcUS+bM&ZyrWdc@wrFhK+}<>
zmlYt*20az*#d!mMR9G_9k1A8R4KMeWk1RyV9Ed?007p7g0wl^Nee0nFsUCw`_$KLU
z#4(h~-n?7h9F1z?<fKcr?|$mbabpF4)YBYAdHl(I%!yx-V{cZKu@+o%7FE9Br27SV
z$9s$4h^;?tzD<$3^gwYxGpj|Y0b1t$+S08nJ4z1*c3{K2(;X-&>J1}si5<y4i&BHk
z8m)*t0n_QNZK*ZTVobj<?(q$(tG9q_alfXcCn!oz%j^QfcP`=RrM%fev5xnD>@_du
zvKydL&gPU9dnweX>GGqLD_%BYqCPe^xE$-(<vg<VR`T>;A$SYu2RiYjcndbJ#@DH*
z9^ei_Oo*-bfi<B7W+5Aoa!aZ7jcExr$Ur#?+<^rBHdy#e1*8Mf`)gIAWLr~(M^KVM
z1}PVHU{EhD%6ZgA+msQ^Q#^5hJL8i6rWT`dO7#^m%-G<_mDoFM3vprFZ4Fl+rU{Pe
zT#`8s2A_}lj0ZbZ;+qEa*j6shCmjt^O{oWufsY56$}icwQZ%Nq<4Dkj0@W)Nj97&x
z{3^*2iESm9w&V)V&d;ufmGNBxfnvIItGr9)k_C;4HCCGrJ!HsTJ`s9<3-w-`7`Kj2
zTAK>H)62#u1XkWYU0GEZfSYM=u8z^WCe;_XHWuThDxG=);yhRs8(!Az^wQ1xlPTL|
zO4sZfQ+sxAmSh#uUXW^I;!ordP=jT-;pwi624vhxP#6KJ<|`6@r__am-AU~v@u;^`
zcCjMdc%F24Jj+=Uw<K?WHZtx7r9c;tvWMit3B2k!4`IDwe71W_<=hZO_g~de*ja11
zXxm6r>!zx-^57|RF`>LpD3#yOUmdj5OH`ThmN6NbK;v>itQk6HQh>(90dq`cVKza>
zSk~?3>&t~N3UknYS6nqUPF5Az`RR7$aaB1uTzvKRipL!;Pb%zxfLz!br}WlRLnz^(
z98C(Fe8=awxEo%6D_`^1#oj6bgLaas7U6z%l-)WZj9+Q<Z(u1yk2p(+&wr|&Ygxl4
z&h2NBxZyTfIJg??T#&r17BU!}EIzYHN7JO6$$~W|Sr+Zw4-#wBVqxO+tV41Ih2)U)
zsk2FAEWE9G1;>hi3<wLk0>bX*yw_IiA3ZM6NP!Q9dwb1KQ|fYOKGAi@Q{hhD^I7By
zs!}rbBFup*9tN#KWmXp>L%`apu}8Y)YeGZE6J$>u7qYq6&?)(&0uTVuHHV;5y&g7x
zptqB9qL#Nl%Ft+<P$EliW;VWqO3L<&*CxAlnqQn5FO4*R*#Te&aT@L6>!ah~I~me*
ztSTDAnLV|s(qL$%&GP`>p+)%V$4Z1BouB)nty)}kGO~ajCMEg7pwSwr%d;4dhGrha
zN9jNBfBJ3qQ0E_!FLcdIb4A@1vGaf8&EBY><3`{3)oPhTbP*ode#$myj{+myhuSSe
zkZyw?zA`?4ik+v0(UW~y=Qo3OQN!<3y<c2t&wA3085@8W3U#+SZ>ej9hxbiwyRAss
z(!!WV*^&DGs(HVkAnk@vs*uGbWJY`b%5mga=4Nwm%8+`<&{h|I=;u?Wwf6aPundnE
zPue~eHGEqhnt=QyeKk~$Y>a;`BQ_un$3dkME}1`nmLr;dv9APA+g7yCGdpGALP^pr
z$0F=m7Qk!b6z(eZ6B~q42$silaR7D-b__gRePcnpo1I(ROm6I{aWe&{Zyy=Jj2$i{
zZ#H6Olj3jLPS^o%08*KKR}U9SB;6<ZY2t6}tbCrol`Yl<80+yL6aK+XR?L@bqke3N
zU|rIGy2d+L+Ouct*vq5{(zhafD_AbgBX5z6j(+nSn(f`SN{MwR$&by|v*yq^iF*@I
zrjsn>?q)1|TUw|hru9N3vE~I0iRDsSs!cE=_0`qX0khIXf<FscZ>23EzC_2h+v}%#
zIuijPTn5xqFZ}6wc-v21XJ4I-Z}6ae5q!9R$9b<qSUoUbIXi(hx+uP+RP&hz{X;DN
zFg}XlN~t4_w4q5S`pmsA`KF~O8^YM!RWuc5)(h{%2bl)-kr?ob)Wwu+3OHJ`V;&!E
zW}c?DtU<X4<@9GgsNYR1l6GM~bawhFw;OsjyH!WD(mhP=!g1OFte?uO`;9j7OTLDG
zPCD8V=&gL!{{Xf^pAn27uCmZs0Pd}9{V{RV@h{LTqw_B3Exs?XoKYyvi)gihruxXd
zF|Q3z)j`JbX0LLeu8Y=)3mEQWRbxG`lI{*?l0JhRYz3Hr2<*M}q$8dt(}C<Ysniq>
zk&L|Vzfq)qRyIH_T-0hD@v}Sk6Y@!aaH<!V6=Woj3wDpTlq$%@99e~E!5c>~iLT1}
zDeOIzzgCOM&f0V)H72&DocQXZOgAc`baE~#;LwDNQ|5tMn1;Pg=pJ`<PV#%G0M`}U
zg$NLM)rF}@;J9JiQVml|>kmZ|5MBx8!j#JwiZiRn-|-6eQLG(DA0B<cvVhTl$UAGq
z+WK6Yd!+S8>2hsiTM5sNc$mri%l6b>zDic8b#d6(%t=(`i5F=na`qLs5m@--qlO-l
zdiBnb=40D%DB|(RHPF@+xZXpqJjgex8&4v);ybG<IF$ICS@|me0BDy{mMNA!z7_`M
zd05g(bdajGnJnme)BRr!VUjt2mqcT?Wd{}r=FBSM;H_$!gC?Zi#hwngf^l*{6Ck-f
z!5kfH10xn(Ow@)|u?{T5gA4H$F-a~qL3oX%iHHZ23iJ%P{c8<fd^5&wy{hAip5s&T
zeHbj^o^PlkwsHRL5wRs{<}pZ7RQOkjv8Lz6!IolLV-(=ok@%?`sLP9gA$D|hlYNbq
zyD9l$b`KRkrcyq5CuPW1+u<Z%(M?02oFOxAHdpe>HoDUbg^>tt(UZBi0yXteLYT3b
zNTeyqy@;{3skWaWNuij!;(!KDFkpW2Q~3G4BP10`S|(v)8oczl-b{nZkdY<GQ&j+M
z{M8pc2&r_dSRAzb9<StokA<OikyP^INn}D)ZDiMV^&Rz-i!{;5q6t|+I;qy5hptM)
zW>jI5hT+{&;MRpZ&Y~GOvqvk;fa=76D7ZPt-8_$p57sM7Y%{5BcH9o7PZ3DVkG4W>
zW;gn(yrn}#$04~&vqvhMsnGX#8qvXyDHXS<Vh<X`#*=U{weO{W$?dHOrD)HD6T6M8
zJ1zwyX=8{BA^=Unx1zj;KzN;$3#HA6F<Y_ZN*eoEj_cMwUXr*xLmdyMwf(>5MtiG4
zTpjy!ijNn|u>+qGdQv%o16tMSj2EjSk-247MjSx|R)1XS%YmHfif<Y5d3@6Rs@!=s
z>MH0_r0=U4Hx4y_o#(LPeYHM$BE;!W#Hl^6>HLPDq0a-o_6G_-4X<8N+!Bg7D7m4>
z)UqIrqJ~zDAKq2x%7U!&9kGr)O(jPxO`(_+JdGhIYUzISTX<6lvJkMk$@y*vJMg4%
z@zEpL+J^V3{*jF|*=Ve{h6mha1Be_4rm4bNBUS=G%Q8lPf5LW8VW)9HmMK!<ZWP?`
z7Bx<-5R0lyv{_{WOLv|>RRoqenE`n0xVIe*4>Xh|iwqgCF^Ol8yY>$11ND_%F`!iZ
zL|oQvFiP$Di()mg<3u<`mOxnT0N8r3S@_qEO(pOzH&@AEOU+^MuAfyZG9GUdhHy=d
z=<xLDRYMVfyzRcd;`G)$D5!?Q;@0-lnynWY96mgxP8>NWk;IL)K)4Ir-%Ur;v6WP^
zZU)=0=%d01n<cq}L|^5ntLmw<a~+3IjKB!-AW#Y*Q`!eApDsT!KwA(Fwxe4>d1+ke
zOUJQE?b->_k1YhNEwh&y8*^~lylqh$DQ{q=qsGa9WpU*(-R_bsD&HZKdyuQcivhx-
za?K$mm(*G{3n4#)>AhPRsA);#x{feHIcJ_E8+O|FstE96-M={o<8xuolV8aVTC4FT
z#j)6YN@;ii-x2JLiZf<(m0gXOxDjJv%BVVrL`4B*W3+7tx|*wtDAbo_HGGSobyx20
zp)gT@FZWGB>Rlq%S7U8zjnsN!)E2qY{nZuPvNU_OWq|RmwecUSxg##+5M7zAVL|!W
zWR)Yv3|O_*d7U^`-X=VFakfO{2esLc1r*&{c^BMKfRMo!6edXs4{ONhuyXWQn(F;p
zT-i27rZSxY(7Ek3JzJ{Dp8FE(jK1jR{pPcOO~q?UMqZ{?a(9>qya@VgBqgC^7$)OF
z0kuJGymYPHFb_ev>|y@^6;-X{52%uy8Al#imOn8_xYFH~4Y!BZD_<!^;48;rztKt+
z7bNLnb5gA%@hQ=jf2g?@{$DRmKMt7@{`-Bjw?`%N+}MB;!s6WNlpswRJOqt@rnB9D
ze&yKP_UjkwhA{``W}e-jRV^62+5Z5#DV$StnAWf*H1$&Oi{xi_tz94TG2PXI>0j@_
z{0&2!`BM-1$LgYVvHt*ZU)^u2hcW*Ea62Ri+j@JNdZBE5{Tb*VUY8N#b|=|F;|4GH
zhtXFIqol@50eIHeG^ojup@|`g?v0CoZhaQSdule`Jw<hsE@j&@i|`~-a@{1ujx;;v
zA#AIu)6qsa2=W<n9J?{OMDVZerX!6bU9liV>;kpiy0k|DZPC_eiJJ#c$Skhs%C@7M
zQ^}7EdfR(^O{uEn=VD`NJj$)`-sjjU33}`z{zPU@!pCT-hVuo=Sd&|I%?f;fh+rG0
zkz*a^uqEob^8N7=_8`~VX-2!TcO}^IW;ZoUZ<`apBVK>hFe%%O8%p03cvtq;Zbwqi
z$+(hTh=0S6!aclb1OvvPDcq_Kj6m1EtyL`%Ew`y272&0IKk{)Roi`gDO=g9#1x=4J
z%9x8<x~spFXlmD>2)%W6b*TY=)dbg6P&2EmtEdBOq)5=K9w<(tmUFs!NZ?(F_S4-R
zK@K?H+8z{?x@1Z?S=&!tXJ4I-Z}6z!Nf*u?$ZKqJtZt4knBB;Jy4O>}mGvUJ9$b(0
zc}M<heRN3FT%L7C(<dbV0L^c%u9w<L=US1#)WKDDvkn5{)t;k|rnEYLZTDZgk&Iof
z_`cf7tg}kD3QfGv4^4?aCP7)<Slbv6iG^tO59DJfYmcB-UsX2|FKd03ip}fX=vdjX
zpd1Bh^*s(cdQY%cd}8t-?IY`_`k}s5L$OcST?^!nOZ*r-F?_S!zinHsd+5J}{WaY@
zUn)b`0IKy;TPYW~eRWoU(UG(BuW;R2gm^g0Mw^Gww5l?)f~Mls*H;^p5;MS-KSgHw
zF9(V<r!m`Hw1-vBS?KOcyW}+r?wJQY<LIP6Qa$>-fPK_O`YT7L5iHR)t#-Y=6_eJt
zN!9X*1lg^pa22lC$@V$7o)CrVZ(L%OA8_!$4pm#%L>NhX)P|~mRD(!z6cbhrLEI{Q
z!Re(8X@}iYd(b?_JQUR4Q`jj%NpubkP3S6)POa>tON}-*(I_K$+=TNKW0>7qQv>}Y
ztUpb048*<@pGk<GW4gUe(7~Asn}R*)rCn{_JFCJ2$m$Jg^lq@-J;W0d*lu|7F_X{H
zQF=~RzsyO;VcxiZSp*QsJbSOF3jxNJ>FQ2vHyaLB=`wNg^PmdE5PVTeHL>JJbztFR
zNspZ@a*H~jQ5NDV6ZW)HSu2+aIPWm`qmbXcH7|*oCKTRudZE%p?G>StzxM2ld|z#2
zgV|S1rkJm;4@H@SkJTeg>~m+gj>6@K?G>H<9pqB@^2aEDBx<d+>D*|2FR3;J);i<4
z@h`*PDgLR`qmX?5As{f_AVb7_LZ>Oj;1n@8!|JdSVKO59(S5?+tJKY(nFzCiDu4;|
z7RHv3J2DVVQph%&5Wv$5*Rt(tktbeYt?HrjOjs&%u%x%030C3?>rv$4%r?a+Wgyuk
z(DCh}eCJ4i$kKQWE%8QlsU0c_hU_erkPt@K8ragp=TXb<2Op=&4nn=iO>`$pQR9|3
zk<^ttj-8_P(?OetM)2{atjFI%c~zGzI6iE9fZ|tQqMW^T7CQ?^kt9kbZx4%Y)azPt
zXC%NZ+<8bo+EmAnC{YmwcU-SOrl8}5b|`k67O~-fr4AoJQZ(R3<4z|=9K~t$;(X!W
zD;hZqAXd{$i}I(jjGAn@U^!M+MW%WbHZ|ryP~+ssog|U1;d?d5X&sfShcF!j`zo2s
zE5gQQAceRmu}v+zI=Kf`XiQJ^o+*5Za^@a5#@NB-yNRIwu7Wev(T)EAG9XDEsz|5$
zLrAWF>5eaT1&QbAy#w_`Gnn!6q_xzT{k|buQuDi>ByLm2tsYWLbIFgcmoeDeojEL<
zPTi!MUN&cz{0Bbj>VpX(U}Hu|B_8YB(MClruLb2r0{RXewBS-|^bV8rP(1U<&9(Nb
z+}gl%73m_0<4}mfP;gMTx1yH)If_S0jrSFQ^BJ1f@3m>1YyI=|SD(FR?(>Ast+bU<
z=l=ju!y<V(WAilf+zvgWkimH*n5j*mskt@idbB|?((YRF4G#_!qGQGol@>33JIJc8
z>s3|sAKFjd#LSQnnBCgHRYk5P1HbB`Nj@qy%Ckr`H#P#)33{f(bX1P~`PPbI5cOey
zVaAz|ZASNP!rI%uikNJOzH6j=Mz=MSH&%D!D>riRrJE*a8<r+v&5g(cpNkJ8cKtpU
zF8Ldn=t2q^>RmQ9+Z<9#27__83e9|MrjU6GJfc10Z+o)3EKH9y$3GprfnF4$YS{hD
z2@XG7E2KEcpm5!-3A*1>`?4%!xK;mu0H-bEQVT7KVtLd<)1i_O3SQ?{?6of{55~~n
zA!$06d+PaZZsR~{rIX&B*q&E4tuIW)-fW<0YZ0fa)h&kvSfDD4*lI?!eahk%q4w>W
z;Ea!#Bs)1`sH(*N^#lk@ZQ92C&3a5Yqc<c1Hm?y>SW{zYIJYVu>^7rE0bRL&Q#>TY
zj~%4HmkBoGP|%bmWKE=Y_t&AvjYaM7idI-sR%KyuZE-@}_rN{BXO!kll|b>AKr}l~
zaiV;dLrjpzc6k6k8qvq;(V_CA1cqQnoW*S<Sp7a0$eEQ+&>j1S04TNEaIz&;85HT=
zG9Hr~WMs%0?c$X1LGZ0*^-imQCVT8lt}34jb8p1dE}_)q>Joey>VGai-^AVYr8?I>
zR?8E75o?O88*5^H71ynJ;z843U^QYGpG`f>_$2w2w@)_)DJ#s{y$4UTbQbOp_10;L
zIM^LcYhZ!>Dpdl*$E9ZX6|iY-mrTh_i8l;!w$?+hZwdra2_*pPpo{u{XsnyOfy9*N
zcyOj5jI3L~=2(H<M8Y79VQksEHy^2JWC7(6Eq8CWkB|QDL->!>DRyfJZ}Ag<S*-8C
z+xGteCLb5v%RQxN82aSqe&rt(UD9xhPWBdKqS$xQBE*gtk=cv1nlRwD?5!x_XOWKT
zZtgjm{XFc?jlz~uxDo|__={0j0p58&VC{}y9>q6p4>M0QtZ9D?agRV1l|SkXDCV?#
zry+Lu2A98WRNC4i5>?A)s-hyQsL@51`q*|0)h3!KS9J0$Yud)ufj?W%n&Ke1=y{J5
z`)fJW$lK*+k^Uz)s#{NsfOlLCypPlvsddIioxU%1KAOzP>bd!UHw`D0hwewG)5en`
zpb{%ZTCM~;H^iN)4efK<bu~J6S65!BM`}1%Ztc>#^%Q`xBBUEUXR*iEL$yI-2q50X
zAEtmdU!7xcxbHQ)<hye3tZ8B^E3ac3NMQJlb*hy3O}nbrBD(azrsiLGdg{S}si-KY
zxX>(<da1QW)*KCg>%3%z3U@Yx(?ApJuA_fV&;I}~=@r!R%u;Lgz2k8Ww2NumNlezr
zl(GBg>#Yu!KxPGZaJ^?_+vcWgee+>iSLb7W&xJ;MenUk$bz9wSW2ZXTgC!&(csIgp
z8x($Fzr*&^N4rDF)3s9}Gd=al$hSFL>#MK3R8V)wNxK(+H#9&rswC0r$HqMrrZ~Kc
zKOMfBcc&$oHTh~OTp_w-{r>>AvwE{i@HKPI-yM55AF{Igk-X5aq}G;UzEoqe57KKd
zJ6xsiTE?F>*y*-5dzHr<vSS~JQ+-6=JJ5sarSL`a;_f%2W*g>8dn`VR-oGzHi+AJd
zU#1JoGk1Z1^iXrjZlJ2Vk!=kz(#M8I?PK&((|Ed|?joM!inq`|Zl`v=!}TX-lNDH5
zg0Uila6qGVKlibY$j{e7<y^J+*RkKZ@?rX7gOwQc(hfIeWXbVL-$Au$^o1WV8{txG
zE6hY^-fg+q-0;-))|A!uFuwq}@d+}5o*Q-c)^1OKPMCSq#sP_0ui7nI_#_;bBa)4M
zHP-(CwdFSe2SND0#pWNTwySBF*(Q0R>8>rUg;3KN@y1tksbkBswK9{0YB<%^LD5Ce
zaHF7KyBHpwXn~{yLI<E!G|ha{(E(g}n}Q!+lz94fQ}7BsCcAWpiyE@C4g~vYKz-Ik
z*f}`szC{~8e<e4yHP=Si@cWScm1ws=PRe&Bj*2g>wH2X0I!|cZmNQ!Yx>Pp}8dba3
zJQ?P1Tu8RHL3Pma6~x}G&6>RzthN(~CnVxG4rVfWj_UO99C-?|p#^~axd#HLm!iBK
zX!NeLE(3XQc`-@VIj?&D%8Sx+wH<8+<dK!doG`K7e|@LZSotw4PIR!^I9Bv;kJJpJ
z83TAyNZXGdOe-rgGBTVx?H~(^inf_f8ubxq3~?(KEx3`W;cC(7{ZHlCV@_`aXr%qp
ze#)SUB#Joq8xq`kQZhtiVy(lGtCegrVlsLe@kC5)FB|H$jhTwRdu_V#I%!&+A2?)3
z@>vG*e<1v}?O)m`IhlhOAjOxDb^DS5aLZ9t)u5)+MoU8_h_HJedLM0H9b}ISA=cs0
zf)4^c6{8%zCnH633myO+KjNZ31d5O3vdoXI!P-Z*t=kaMDK2JyFImk+K4B84HGL1Z
zn7>WUYm4IK9$W$Y4FY_721ipHFeAh*ucm=Ce_&#Q+OmK?$}sf7UO3i6OMyI7?{5@(
zS<~&SMKtQcWgF410}eV+adYNISg*ZKn_r0Z8gW`FP2)RU9}*fZJV~q(v0QG9>Ik>&
ztxl5v0GdY)I95u79OsZa5#DLYM2deX+4)+twvbvqDm5?EV|g*|i@dGFFFmJ?E{&bE
ze|Qgl#Tyz-knAQFTMfE%th6Xk4ruY_R(r7?5=NRG1;ror3}RlDEx4gq9-~c?m)t-n
zw$u)w%PtN?XNyMG^xB<m?oX(%l=~hYR0it9QA*>0C4I+1PRKW)VebK<rSSk~k%;GB
ziN-PkZaNOm+LNHtrmqTlnGr|vx{s!Ze}oHD+u%mn_*n3bHXy&G>sOy4;zHmSw;(QP
zrdY3FMTVZrk2)`iSC?llPQ`>{<mJtnf+-_qUBK9>_TH|FNR2fIe}tYk?X5#RI)cK+
zl^#TL7v31~QSgrHWvgMBy>q6?^8#p%p^)9}$o~LsBMuZPHI;4(k!IGt9#pYQe*?xy
z@e0HWM61h<>sr~m$0IdWATjW9<BZt>Epl(Kvahl<#R$4teu^rFwxHWzriR8Pi(|U0
zTE|=cRZd&=8ihTEano`E$eNiWLm^?Q+CcB6zIzoS3QLwB4S@P;jn(13)+_065#>w5
z(!<RUYJ3BT0{+Ub71j<1iRD?Xf7YbA+7W)58S6QgvdXGEtSSAb*03LSB-b-#p^?~-
zt;)m->2aobb}Aj#=U7LoW;g!i`j70YHg-W5Y=^gP&8hvRkL@GwJoP;uHZ0MLGI9fm
z<y^Q^gepJ>Q+tke<_=qPosaj8N6Z8MIlrXSdug`$<STZRO5}Q_#*#H8e}(rz_lGJ|
z<>vD)0+QD7gL7F?L6Mb~&_Y{6E^ch2wAStMx=uC8+~-UE=QS-Vyk)V=Y94{N<Mh}J
z^S6xh=YNH3&gbXPoi6D-F^_UFz<+I1FEVVYOtT&y>he)bmh7voBQH{0IH($pDutPN
zisxb|XI)s;h?6dt;49H6fByisV%y<b#m2)eX(tw25~y_c*7UadI6~Uq8(W78!}l6j
zxxek7y_vvq_12yRjs&CkzN*Z>5#9FIr%nUp<@C4JSyxki{{WAv81Si)OZdjYw*07(
zTJkF!1$&$FxV;P)B?Ks3?Xk9i6WY~iaYM}i05aR{YogpG`}=E1f5utMBxAF-M6y7e
z!I8GP(KeB5-j5a(QH3&oYcC7?qtGh(8CdwS@0r#p#|!D~6@{7lk>2Ton^*klIR5~3
zX{tMDy+hB(5^m3v6e+%W1ZX+2u=Q3xPwEuaaHBFG^B=;Vp~Th{lDyJ+voV$VmpArR
z!vZv|YqXZRGk0%He;3G?Cn>jN%4F<OqK{Py#W?~yxYg^cLP~}Qg>^|#b>Mqyq%iNG
zM;fUWJB3uW07a@QZ(TqUU3%*30PVun$K5pzU^UXHWUwG>dSH7MP-9=+A60q$#oL!C
z@4vKHp^sQ&KZSm(!s=_cHT%Fdm33vk1es`MXsl{9tqBFFf1<^WlQ6tdmII04KAOHT
zUz&pYub8(Uy7dhT5t4vdDY&<Ir6k$G<J-W+BpX<9291cf$&0garlf$pEs)k_Q?-X-
zrc<LfH<gqbN}a8=UxB52R<SN8La42Ig)nIOY1zuUiLYlX*Hrl~V)3^j6NA*S$z(;!
zP9(04r*&mJe-@eiz+-k|b}+Hm(_XiG3aqigI_;h{kbWV0n%Xkat&?geL(gM-?fawa
zrfIk6u!Fl2Lkl0cd`a}{OG}NJ1<bK-QTOBV4`&*`B*})1y{#m!fbB(NxQ-;ARezO0
zE{w|Ew<e}5Z+&>NHs@+M7t)(#q&d?XLE(^U28=i`f1z~Id1F6_{d8<QSayJDT_|1S
z^qS7xO)07z$T!Vz!hm~gGbrCJyMPs-<ebTmX3<%)kaAr2{Z*FV%h2iF#?oCw^x^)o
zdx5J?Z#>8GAELXakM$(>FV|Ibc6RM%KTUL3<og^uuLx_Vf49GD8cYX%r28$n9WTP2
z>DpnTf9<*YX<REeQIwuWmh+9a%|B|Vbsd!?kC+6YE2>)Ey4QW*RadAXmo`GYRaVp_
znT6HIuDQ~h);S}t@7(*Ey)Qv4{3vN`I8sz~kwYVK2AIM-aB?L4Cc6O_$}By8s+nua
z^(O+DNU1FQeZ<gu1y)0Di09%$eWr;C3l>}cfAv=-KkY_8`D=e@uA03)4r_5dx#3Pg
zwvB4Z4jIvzta;ec{Dh5E#!E)R>c>tTMzyb+(1%A8f)rOVw*gWJ98Fcqu^Q1RUN4g_
zx{K7+1E?14sq+`Ul%e?BlOBiv0L0{;*8|!`X_0C4<&0}GFaH1&H+-x0)|-*%x$MWR
ze{ZkU+i&9gnE5zMCO??EIwtQ=b!69~Hu+fq<qp2XUV7SGRqeL{y&hOPx}x^wUAwxh
z$Y-bLOVjd(M0&3Y6XII+vPX~Av6CVO8|~nJ-@?`6cOF8X>0MS{oi?{@c@O4BKl3kr
zP3t*YpiT{_;wk0FBKVb<Fy=I+^RZ-*e~&1Ev~WE2t(g`)*pn|DhhQ$Gec{+?LKau>
z>ER)VVehPErzW^+3>1;#kTRXJMs5#yuSAkV)-biOnK=Fy{f4l!qw?ml7AB()E=)Pr
zWZ}Wr;#$$KB%0KX92dyPR7XdQEQ`eO=gO>+GzI=%MnV8(7t*$}5<I9EE(H&9f2#aL
z_SRUR0oaCP8xT~2EpAkkW5Hq6GLb;YRh=J!;BWO*pXvDksk|=SQM4bjx$wl%BEcfQ
z!*O%Qfs>Cga9K^S&s7>y$6)Mp^yiL6bs@r=i}AGrRhcrG(?O=5u2prOSVEZF!gMNi
zTZ(7Tibg2oYl|PltyHztP@h7ve@wXwH*p*rzrM6^0W+XHL9F2imRXPj8<jVT8b(C}
zQfx(Ma_V}OWw#NheNN@K5m~E)A-0C3V92w?<bGPWh+eSAGKa}d>fz;^gKa?^xr&{T
z{34_#J;l{&NFP3tb~7(6%m=8_&=8Wyr<u5?^WyUIa$(`JR=2j2hCdm0f8sP1>Q^Z~
zhZEI|QTl2LdX_pK0k<DQi_)y&bmDmdUW@dm3Y3$mN(Se=aD&N5ynS^$w(+B7QB9Gf
z<i=~fs7D)nYfMKU!oNjvf&;0IPpDU)CsCRrgSw|=UxuIZApZa@eU+alOi_^TfNf)O
zuM5zc8EugM8o=uE%a4@Ge~cD38-W)3>umJ%*eg4$^sB~_k!3?>1HP|qrEH4H#t%O(
zQ#5{SGcxd@#L`T`LbBgbPYQU!62ep{uok1)cCED6g>*{fWe#;RnjEtuBxnk$w)4)p
zFeI5S?nATfw;(G`2Ce(&>Z-;pfc8je^MA;-MaQWJ5e6rcKs*6FfAlt?w@Sp=8CJvt
ze)@V%QIDhRt16!^<6a`8$<Cv7UK(*?FyO%iz^d&mq#k08HWX4uh((hAASsC<a_GvW
ziyg#rqa;ohZY*h9&kjPhQqZJbKM+fAElS&ks*?1`WuMB1A-Irq96RemELSsWsUu$M
zE@oagOo;vY-`!ulf8L(zO3rbRX+aLyy($89-sa>FdE53^pUTRYDpM?`=kBi{I|W8Y
zMA<T#W^K-Sas#kXNv$hb%hZ<0ATuhr0)EOGMi%=t7o$RkT!_(l>VAr0v5b4T8(#HO
z7$yWZ%FI<(;AmTrr*N<ow9AkKlnTg4EosOh1EvQfR@dpNe~oP{tU0Lq>o>VB7h_+v
zl{}f*3w4s(Sq&V2vBput%dJ*r1spFHULB^?);<)oV?eS45JellB7Vw^<u$Kye%{Kq
zZSpgsf#j2Fg6!G_UOv9c(!j)#K{7q#B%dsEJUm97SfIs(gtTe_EXVCNi2nen@v-0$
z<0+bLZcd1%fBn4aQmyEXH+N@TBVQt1d{}(RnPQ23o}pfIBlQ%Gy>MgN7~jo(PpNA=
zD=#B9Pd6p^o=d@3&?p;i?&;lI(`_ws&U;zCFpJ3YO#Wo<Ws~A#e`Q5R?%gY^LP@E;
zs<qSrMU%F#x`9#{iU2O^>(KX(bslP8jQ|jUc-0D9e}#7b`i<g%DoGqgcHvS;st_mw
z*Q%B`0C6VQsPPX)8xkd&a2tY)+L)e%h!j|#5$!e1s^UPS-CNVS5vsfj1%=xE{+fV`
zw=TdBN1~<L5b0TF{6FpDJ*dA`V)bGEvi+(nW)JpoAHcs=Wp!l-E)aM>g!^kc>RZsv
zW>9QSf4!Ab>DnvPe3m>=A1*K~G&a_;C5|@Al$8hn0EJSzd<5#ytZt%M$RkHn^w+Q-
z?q(knDfSX8$+O~>Un~H?sRr8I8udZH)sMvy`VBT`a~T%+dGY)V8noQ+>5(7#Ye>XD
zKdD99x2G}A?vWAv7WP*^?)0Pn<EQq2D=+OWf4G19cdnss{{Z-P)ts|$6dNC@VC7rM
znM-^pM)n$J_2EjX*MaR6-ak|77`jI`^!OjdE3NJFe^ZfPn))8Tq%#f%uyOwYQl^6{
z5}mA?k7a4&^(-u(<jkb}B-r~6L#39erDXVrn;RD(esoI5;u<%!Qc`q+w>Z+=d=h{9
ze}!l_3V}&BhX~Js9~|w-Lmv<uitG4=3#Dku+)Zn4JPx4pp$H%?xd)d0tEbULoS>?Q
zB52#Dox5JMn1d^y#A{q(%O3VZCEQC9?wx*$$2u_#Hnq-&Ls7R@tj)J?S6ZaUI(V~4
z-GYLr^6%OSqhok+=6=9_s^)?<=_xkbe@atU=dEkzsT291iO%-k<iktFd1PY?Oc?(F
zc9ZGMzd11`*J}&YunoA8kH9HDn1Pyo!r-+ZxNGgP{>^{Ni%I_SZd^X9hCo3!ssa}#
zRVST==%iR0=h8bPuGw$98iZ}>GI#0iH8??%79*YNMTbhaHY4kzV`+-qv?h~!fByiH
z2^q1r>>1C*#C<eQq2a=k-wLnNDu^wMx8sm~bv;CpihJ2d(_JX$Vi>Z=9H>}mG(FX+
z)?-O=u>>G%yIx$WJSdU!5U>mn8quB+5D^F7skpD<-O8c-(Q_4S$9|oa2|+A-RrL?V
z8e#AdVzlT@;um0e5n8=WS`20He?L_OkNb8{?pD4j)=d8O{MQ2~Hxcn#E!z3WBpuh~
zLXH-h_Ad|#_EyJNht4=_*$*E@A%Y0Yw_>pL)^(o`BcbkVULj*2_N#L<NA=c(w%;i{
ze4n<FO)w)*igfx3rzO>=Jp8lu(zdJAiu@b?<OJ!5IX`wHK8o{!*24N%f25og>G_25
zSitt$yw$X~D${F1cbwglSRNYGYh7zpiqOR14OjpwLe+wb207CDq}@JC3%)xWw0)iH
zUY-`l%mXhSfh;UY=iI}#ym$hd!OfcnZ!#@Z`|<K&`)fPWa<wY9gIlWNq>@HhYkPXD
z71qR#!bSZR>Z6k%sAGv^e>Vq*YPWrP?3_7Z^A-K@%)_vb>W#M;Wm`E3(z=Pnm&=n_
zAKo2@ww&s{DmjPD!DD@HIo1~K0U(R^ir47<NJf5FAl@d?N&Ba>(N$#Exd}c7ba?Wh
zau|n<U$EMmT&(Cq-1(~f0pnVkcxsGZ*GCrJ*?!tyTy_w~x*sore-$qL%2iwij#e!G
z8Kc<T58c+K;6`oe+(yzWGI6}vm;q+oO^pagBr2r|8Xdy-7ZlWRVHpadM76s$9IH>G
z5cxrfw$N@XJ|-@{A!ZzD&Y3DjmRZe|ixW|O7}4p3i)y{W6q@E@f0#a+xX#4?05n%K
zPmx19P%`3@K^cr)f03`*rAW)hJS1AM$bkO<h`!n~Gskt@cY~-%SXfS?LG>ESf%PhM
zxi&qu=s#4;9GP$gVA~@*i0?J$;kakh!+t&W>1?+4>fa-eaYfiurnR&BdUyGGqq8uH
zw+nI&#<7nI^uMMSDEec){Byf*^bG)|`-c?u9@ofaGM#{Ae~v<@feLEhF)#U2{{RW5
zF=mb!5+i%B8aK^D+iz8Hx1A25ADNT<slSBO{M3W|Ie&(qN#m0H8usHv4NJ*#44FqZ
zQT`mi!e}`ejVv!4BiV(uQ(JeaEkd&789Y<_u049y(m5Y#MJC4Qkf`c&wkB+mM;P1=
zjCJEkzE*U{e{YMp9RaSjEl)Ex(q@px^2upsRJq+^Zfd*mV;1uoO?Oy!n#u{8B0PXw
zXA#b-VanUN_XX{?n$hFUp?N+`*E#s=2w1mYj^oCtdc!Tk1Y7CCvtY%YG9z~c3)@rO
z*<5g>S$yXn0^;6+Y53QeO`}dD(sf*wVyyd5Fa<Nyf8fv0Z!x53@y8eD-OE?T=%Q(k
zR#DrI03i;Wt<8@iQ`9=*s{FT4vZ(NxK(&Y96%D6~uTl3H>OEEtnw~@!lOwYC+urBw
zuQMi7%PUJUXOXzEqhqI=l7Q+<T$9Yy%oaJGGKB3sg;i>+)rrdhCyevArns;pLw`kG
zgkw`1e_NiFD}?JL6KDjDqW5>zO6)B64blLUIc_uoxbv-9Ar_S0*Cg0_C{QAd*uskq
zt;5w#uxBqEN?pzL9K9y8wWZ0TP@n{B{{U-Cb|0>*j})^@Ac=0Qp?C5W?l(=5U`X;_
z>YO89{?kXFFB1YG<}${k-BHB)1!lEzoSHlPe_*yg6j0fl$0x*jdMFwFXBP++C(M_W
zYpM12RyKEE$jH2Sz{3&y-+cbc$vT^zN#ai$*1K)y#xBu>A3v&QXObmtk#dQ6di!Y-
zia2RSBC0{-TC8DUjddxg@2=cA>0Mn+M^{_3N{bIgcZhe>1H41NyLWDt+pWY}y5R6P
zf1pHy4+`pqh|40PXv}SK*-qqOMv}o4WZqL^Nw}i{A}n+yQ#p9?MA53K7fYV=O&A6~
zK6E2pyHB*#bvVJEE?<{b5SboQ(VAi$i5`ls#~d2;!Ho9Q7~8s(lmK~`3Kwxa0IT_P
zTn{O(cnedVHYpBNQtTx!VBD^Btz3**f7?A3S6zpR(~U*95^)Pc)f`Kc9uAkCk*Xk7
z2E?)F=%#US8V$J&;e!(yTUy4quww}v%gjI7NV5L`rGLRc*HE_`a8;<4Se{;w0q;Lm
zLhJKmyZ-=|t(nFX_>a|H82rqU+N0{HeFJAUHStaQd<XC?XLWrg$9~59Y3wGye@utD
zKBGwWpXJ7Rh7^{gdK!*Fg!(UDdPDis5w9Prw-Oe3ft|Np1F&d6wy>wLmV0Og>?&!i
z3uq}DD#c<(?jW98*R2iyuNeGj!~PI!$*LiQTwL0{LmwATe$WTCYi46@5UgU|TP;2)
zuS|6R02fJ7*}QuV1%}?b!{dyKe>Y6mr!xF6Ao^>c_kZh8`;pW8FZMt22mb)*uBiV2
z^jB6gb;0IAuBg4Mw^yKfhgzVb@#oqqZfmbV27^DSW9by_w0+j`52myr{Yj9TWWpSC
zWHvs^$-Qx;(t4m$v}dTt>zzL$!_4y7{nyj!;ZFjr11Y#X2-H`HAQ~((e`G*!1g#%%
zI(sT!+Th@&cg0EVZf#4=6jDG#sA2#*))YN^s6;I)r0d_|Z=#)pui{A=ieS*atO?b9
zwH_8<_AAXZMerdi%MmdL79eUh?lits8Ht7R=^DtY0;{3c!?jH|lSd+ljl-{KH=?W5
zHKeJBC8rY(B|wa9rWHVZe?dShbRhaEZj_|7*3!ncW{xR^ok1s`KW#3(IUyynWGGvT
zok62_-$sYA8+Y=02zhHG$_|HqmEKg#eS9P8qx`l^EbQsOalO-DqN>sZa5N`~IvUH|
zpF^T+Y^E|-{@)ny6<~#NO^@9*QsuD~TR;w$tH^DN!?9{-EBuLwe^0QAj|3yNuk00G
zpl=jQ@i_VgT{yx!E`Ev@fA~GciS}1YIhkBYopKOCZOl%Ghiz!&1G~g5+g9VU<kFon
z)$=2<_dzt~QM~eha;Nip4g5>>PjeW4_tYpy{{Y8icde+sQ;s<9Z?c5ibnK5n9@AT|
ziO>0wY{7Xk2mF&+e|UEJqud&_^L3LP4k8-N#J|ipav!d;r~1w9{=mpTBN=;VA4TcG
za&ix9TmC9lbWC2)G@qc;F@G*o+HLmK{$=WE{{XAi0?#(-nZ$kKtAALpGqBs=uS=3Q
z^!ZTz`D6B8l9#1I(aS2`3IbFP8Vb7IRukeysO>FqG4_sbe`vVa>olsDJ}z}s0fp(#
zn7`|x9sdAjXx<Ex7MWifQw!=>pLJJwCik~>HP%JCjDxvpd|YP9kjA6}0b);eH1Qzy
zI5#@J@j_FjyELm%A<Q13E)?Emda3?ma$);x(*FRZ>X@O>+#Uz-A?!8d>6{$tux9fk
zH&gGS;KHKxf1IsKt)OS9!1$_Tabv&{&%9ElJRpq^I`rgWb&Nnpy`K^_VRZ~iu+i1M
zD8OiHYi<uxn&LgudYE7^^3Ct0Y=82ar%=br!jLphPCFd|*J<pmbZ!2T&xf+NI(Jb_
zi2h4ARwHV;`@^vJ(Pa)$CL}ZDU*;%aEvV9tCW+SVf8oC-sLjGS<iz@+{#*Tqg(~eq
z-)ff*Af-7Njxe_%+&2SST_+JGN0slXu=Q4G@PoJ6TD?8;;>J~2<F_4J$6AZLYBWAD
zq3@~rC_4=Y=5v3`i~j(*Q}bD$<wySj+!c?znPGlP9{TT+i?q;&R$n-i)Z(l%GJnfo
z;}mC@e;A*sF+7POoExNyQ_#z;V!%8E{6w1H{ZAx~g$Q&D`GkTScPhg{wG?&=@BO=P
zZAr<xqU?sySF8Oq0;fk!>vJPJ>)CsKmE`32O?wWIau=rK1Vt(3ixO%-bp4CDTMOL#
z4>le<8<p3%kySVt-HrT4r+!z!zS`~CUkdwce}-Q(q=mtO4byVpv5jBlmy@{l(#@YV
zIUY>W9lJvYKuurzfd2q3y@s2R6lUr$Wy++qun-JHi-GK^Ia#;&5Ad3E=TQCE{u5O>
zN`CAA012l(5F^j^1eNlP(x%emQ)^z-x+vVYI*VHMx77%q096<=YpR|c>jmeD7+tt_
ze^*5<G>GVA>+hBraF|<(qE10Vw(R=pFP%@!03RK;pG6-YX>;T-!4WpL_xq{`X{mL3
z@-<ejg{4o<k4`PGvYSk3ag*kAY!!7#&u=X`n!NL3bhO_o^Kw{tQ=j$<z{|~(Do-~e
zO@8Wq)g9F9S8l}G$qjWLt1ekFuYwPUf17%1HsqTqyB-3s3JiuR8-ZbSMuQZLkh_Tp
z%0cyBv|cOQ>O+|F;h{Y`IsSGdB7lbW?a)(M5K8$n2tXtoo>X;=E?zhsw`uC5MYVD#
zE!qJ7%9~q?<T|cqRz^J0f+iqcZUFS!v}c4{9T7`1upvgIi&5VIWe{b$Ew+{Wf5%(;
zsg|1)20hX^j9S+^x%*8+vvJILQVScVu#?ZoJ57iYspNZ4?4~Em#KDg4%Mx-N&!AQ=
zXX+Vbx?!fp{{S`k`j)a?o=5W~V<Vm{#`RU(Z{>nr`5KwOsHTt=!cB|*Yx~}zSZ_SC
zA366(SlfFW+|vTONL=*r>O3nUf32#kT@emn5pO@V5nbk~=Ty1oD~MCZs96cPR2HG_
z>?Blp$6=r(y>hPiMEIBwX{v7{iqZOgrO(Gt#tHRnL<E{y_*hUxsT@E%AA01Q3eJ3R
zJ;wDK)#|5qKpzVIbbwYm4M{cw(^DfzOp6;G4M9abt6x3{;z+T81(aQle`ie=&>1~q
zl`gHO3%=8@QI3<0!hbn|^7gjEdq$MjMa1}LjfLrqblDs!@W4s*lR(Ko>Tt;HrkvS#
zGioaP6v_8<THALjXn56nnI3c}{#_R=+-2Y3N;c4Qv56NO4<AKoxZ<{crh8SJRdq6s
znvg*4wO%|doV6<m151*|f7(<1SX__XtMr570F4<ws^)vo!^tDEpSMolExifGh{KHl
zZ5df^2MrBr$)<FDo?Cr%lN-Q!?Qf{l(^zFd!|x*xwy{oJzA|gQScJGEv9x@J?+56t
z=Klb1ln>pNPqwtNhx(a^YJ*wMESZDxA+0I$`W*N8u{_QZ{{H~ke_al<P5Z0$ROSx?
ze)y<|`O*&5U$(Tr#GQ|tG_W=4QGV(A%_r5h$5YtCn(6Isl%2tc(rHen!Lhw!lKFa#
zn%p2#J`wd-nw;IT52n2YUSndTHmXot*<N~o@%?mDSKKY2D9+fF6UA%MZyzbsWc*3{
zE6uKmz8i~it@Ug4Kzt|oO8pI5@iDf9<&C{+7WkBkFHHVMLiSAGO%JH))Un^V)%t1w
z0Cc^QU)n35_h0IL8aMr${{WZKk+A;&`?rIH0owt8{Y(6TIld@f*;1_f;m_Z@_Eit^
zV;}Pu>Z_X^Ne5{o>8ZEMy~4i>3g+O&Eco#t5wnXH0*8r=*xg}q+=gh|-W(2>tr=4N
zOB8Vy)KceP)G{~X`j)yLkFm>LOzyIqx{QapYq~PqF~4xpI<3Ba$>s%jM+4^`+>p?p
zv~T2pW&^8wPuEf!prx6CxHmoA>$Z-|)kr}mRUGStpzsFWwE+hqYS8J>42W`4+J(41
z_N3TBOdQ$p<r2hyd3iAJuTYX<^=w1fedYVe)#Ky7!AxT1O^GO)7PAf`lMcgEdd^m(
zP7O)=d5rl|YA>UXb)7V2XLytoumT&py&fiiW;aoXL1!NN9x8i%6s)+WJcn*>wg<M=
znzK$BqlU0Aht!g2{!cvkPLa*nd0vN*l4DKfOgAajAGB6rJ9J@jT3C5WG+!x_cSZgj
zhm2?TRXWB|DTaxbRzRlYkS$)SB?^kR8V<_y-4`3o$Z-0Iv;=n7p%4#=y|vG})WM~H
zd6(L!?vG`5$o>)R6<;Iqx3;Iq{{WcZMP=$yJ7f4quvY+|2=)rEl7Gy9qPxjI=0DL#
zs2E?X$Pi+v77Xpf&?^eJe^o>IIE}cqr6R|?RvE8D_TTDWrzZE!gMJn3x^_g7^!yY+
zznGzJZ>4z`=U&SP3;iY`X<EpN%9a*?2Hmwkx{nn+%GlNR9RC1S%V*P3Y`)n2hKqWe
zir|x^8hpU__MXkRA6;JW%v9V|-js}izq+kzi`Q-ffCoB~r%Qq?YsK{(GmVn!J=@)V
z2ED=5Rxen<`IHR47eiuy0pnWi-XC&or1SVaI(+F$Cx#{dWW0dv9rdM|)G>O0R6ixt
z)ENi7+;*PUJlcnwp1AQ0EFTJu9zn;|-&t0Tfl@`!9d)jRowIE@5vCTU2%95*LA;zx
zIXaU<^5<nN6et4v>T63LAs!TfY7Xia#xeMHBxpP8yuSfKY)nLi#~{A>BP`_olt|b8
zS-yZW-1@25FlKQB9{@=9ux>YhJ%X5VfzyYZGY#jN)sLW7X}>1*#1`YhSFDs=W|mmy
zUjoN_5;)(wjVt0|k2YrtPu_2M`YRtV^$e|b#a}FPcGbO=lO*jcmz=XX`^~LV+izSD
z?v{qOZ|VsoB{2t<pXMD{`a3Hrq-h+yj%0JinB3JoCxNajTB@a?4Ypo?^#r!U;CMl|
zuBbzDHm8*b^l`gZXSw#!+y<gTYjGB>Xpvv^>yhy>zxS&v%1+AJ#8LkM^6Z0<-}TbI
zi@58n>|wH7g$#;gdJ%2HhDu*TDTo%|RX_}QT#rRFixOmH#}U;@@msQ<%RwAVvqQM9
zoq*b@btSyQGCW+=`l;T3io3d$dTOf2UqwBU(&CB$#fvc`Q{Pk4apO#)>NQn5`f63v
z(5F_GN@pGUauLXZ>=if=hsh4!>_d6<jua^gX{2$eEKk!-U*)=cIML_OdMho*3Kq7(
zuFYo4`*JNZPmv?!f%!KhaXf_x+^AL4c9!(h(~l#kq+Hkm>pGf$UmZuxFED_y^$L4`
z9@+-$ZN!dTZ+^st3RZD^j4S*%qqX+Vf8{UI4F-Sb;{O2Y)zegCZ5bIO!I{~$Xy;74
zZ`?msFE{e?`!+A^rW^g%DeXh`RquQ|)SZPJi~NdpGjhMXUDA){M0-?<o}e{dKIy7-
z?|K_^Bv&8)qtUN_`ycp^I2&eBuDALrhdY-FPTf7CgC&+nUeyMyO|T$5<9mAzO+~+|
z>@gOZj5|~6G>pR1W-oG|rkuUAQ}HRJ@=n>Ze-vZut!b~J&3}s$%+@9DVN{OeA-m9h
zbWFeGgWf1hxpHjERlKpG?7eG$izjA$(+`Q1vEg|(EZ2U29JQtLq-TJGQ3)az142uE
zbrXOgK8k4|Z&O|tneZaDg6taetQ?I5^|_4fI&4-N6|6j;c5hGHQBRZZ7WkobGN{@Q
zgR-~bH|Q|_6ZJJ<jup3zBs~m*JU1i}*?QQ@+6U@)85r-~Q`3#4${nRo(L?GJ!ePc^
zBHRISeMXdjEG*cTS&FN;aJzP?I*P}BuG@A=NvG|stGJuM_V3$WOZk)k0FfuKaIUUD
zvwlqUe(gD<0<BR~UWw+HU29LILK_lCBi@m<^j2cl*Gn6ES~qU?`b|x=4kk)QPUaj7
zAFjBsXr?j8<pbMu?KDk*=|izfxHBfjjrATD?G&qjBgAauj|0lL8yRhW6sJ&xCL=NK
zx3-;aI40GMnc&pkhB#G$swBPYz|ikgxDIpydV*@Zk0DX1;%R|v`prncKV?9*w5h!S
zNmOniRiT$61AKX&KI`0j4N~<W&<2b>dp<oTM45X>g{wm!^#%;2EQG?{jx_d)^Vg^)
zNY`3_mrA|^R%?mu<CZxF=-e>v2K5h(42JBsZ;5n2MR@49A>9kKZTL;8=z7;vg29<*
zQOSjmv{XI5Os_s@^fF@^ELqu#ivo2vpiHtw0f>vEI*@$^mdE`^iuPQEXdATZzR^wO
zWJNA1ni&<s5cgAl2A8>Ejw<qj<jAhzskrig!u>RiL&r78-O{z*2qyuVY)HQ4(v^On
zDi&y1KH*{;L+zzlRq+QtUO-;<i}$|DFgC_h+FR<N$-R8FkqQ-UN#SdD(aKvG8}|CD
z9xQ6V*1ySvKIDDQ5BxPMZ;ao){{YQUFJuGaANgw03&7o_u6?vUS8%V!-I#Je?r`^i
zFYTox*R4w5iN1kNF1<-lV5Kqj>XIMC^|iEpj(Y05mX;NhHMfAsbUw;kr^K;m<Rb7?
zHuP43ADbt2CyFi9GH=AC>pH!A8a1bLKd6E82!G|T+e=thl=$9s!JC4ji+0l4Pz8ie
z4%Sm*z15<!!X>Auu^LvNMB$J>5ACdf?jqu}x-Y#r{345JBxa|$DsNCyP`W82x`()f
zX1G1|LK%j6ape-i+g*9~_ZsxLS<rPTb~l1`9wqGW9o6K)qQxwcI>{3ib<`14YRO5!
z?q^S$7huB7w=3Afky67^pgil+VrIeBan3yc3GHKVt!pbM1+gE>kZ3)|<ieGIZ5Vok
zQf%~ir-u;=I;oe$Zls>-(pStpB~Rf$w!HeZvEq4&ESIp_x6oDbn<`!GXLTXU*b!?A
z!qu5_zJ{sjjs4l*=EwXdtRFk$kJxJw{%I7q%|4tse#&7nx{**!um1oIM~751Q+{{F
z7qHZMnY_$jO=cLnit&-Z;h`3P%NiM5+O)ho0B*UBpO=iTtr<AQr1HQcc((vgI`Zq5
ztf845LEvq1?XB4+%GyDdfo}-adFexorRBhipau)xE30PKtzsq&Z%Vsm!H%*=Gb$mu
zVg<b>z07YqqORzypaEieX<jm17^6886JRf5IIE5W*G1`>^T_Fr&UMj$TZ!~hyuRX1
za1Fm}Y4JUmn?J`FwAXpFd~tm>j3dhU&-^taJkRq#^4Bkd=8estHeZe^;Uv7|j<Ni#
z-}64N*<Iykf1CdR5B5^<>Vi$3&VR&8;?e<d>0WuCH+!d=2Geaos6RM#^T7V-r}p}w
zlW8+0k#{Q#9_pc<Q+-x{=S@Xmu2xD!iX<Qx*}!nUF}omZ=O19I`*FxqBKfe!lDJR-
zz5QmEgBmF@r&mx}Ng=t9T@{Se<ZLat_vyl$gBlDqdGaIx9atZCPp-C37gIK+g6Vj3
zNrC0K^7r4w+-!M@cHKXwplKK>14eCJ`UPd?exZ@Bm}*scd8BK9{nf0KGf3s!nH=#h
zZfUAFmx&J~u#Jqb)Dp>b#7`}LHr2hHt0mp!V)8L}JWCsz5-hJWsBOF2*8=vdG*c{$
zzGC=IwH2bOS`h3t(&CO>)>#xV5t1+4aX`obWJsex7=Sw|u86KWfeb;sZNt?|W<`9t
zjqFRBKQrtc0PP2Vh_2d4x=8wJHcB`UYp&yp`zeT>#CyX|(OLlCqJ~=#ACLE|ILIx)
z-?G)I3g4orJlg*N@lv-A<3@V1HM4{-&}AL(_0~~}#^SZGNBx>n-t{+lUC~up^bzuv
zaq-wFyMxQVi8cbLUE~r@pbafn1N|-~`~JFjEPI2~_Ep+{&3MNXI@LcZ;0fT4EWCA%
zLJsO%Ja`xP&(do`asIXsMIqEbl^N}8{WK?marGX~{z7_3)j+`TB=U9&K6mm{)%8;G
z_&Rj0@wKZRvwh74VMdXa2NyP`Gi@$pSj+CmVf$)&dWGMR-t1~^>8kYgGh`W?i(LC^
zEava~7vjx-c9)GOnQowW%#m=imOb347)stYVZ}%u%C<v!nG-)DbzeZziH^HsP&B%+
z`zu9?!IRCThyGSap+~R^9zwB~7=TC-i;>FoSJoNNf7mOSU&=r7$Np+<!jw&Ftz@2o
zI<<+K!q<U5gF?Nf!*9d?0Lw<|LgsJ(0LKT|)ViC0j28a@#|mlA%AQP78}a?foaPM6
zV|@)%3r{4Eh>xa=o<VgSG@;_?u@TAm`s<y4tnO8f$NnSJ4X!v`sp09a1UFBR54ik0
zHN6gJiCkTWK6O~KVG(3RZcC6;XeRo1QlfF88_j!iI>-G+J9dITid#G%K2G@R4D-2!
z$BgWMV&YGP9WBnHbj`?<c|?lqw1U_At6HX->~q=5X$j<Ojt`^js=3{nd+FtBeRNsy
zatvDx!)YK{S6^)sE|ZG7$+}kOxass&*(b+@2HSPSaZJk+Mii?!9wxrM^?7AkQ*27^
zPhyi>DGn@W!4j>z0HS$>d!p3*x)SQxmOS}?A1NFwiy>uO5^Sq~T`oFaY=MNHTuS_I
zcN)|#$BC$<oMkOX9NC<m5)u5&hCRqFOr{PTXcO}!QNdZwy@HNvrIZa#srfMRuOb#a
zc>e&G0x9ja&(l^i$VIPV*fgL%UNU>queO(dt%$q{W85i2VT3z#+g(}T)?xnuE&hss
z>O5Z{@?69PTGe@BmIJm_C{GL30TpBx;18m<;QX$SA1}+lw_3wv;694n%<y#OjB(hj
z^isDD;r{?Z9C7&x=oEOyy3#4q@{oR9!|4@py;2S;Bm=WrO)d=<o8pF<nOuh8cvAgp
z!vuGcQoTky?VdJ6?V$CHh^51i%V5KQcB7vPDxZ=Sn(=uu0X1QM+8AoEaa$QCTmk8;
z06A4Rt#_COC}Wgfy7WIZS9zndh+>oy_1B^Kr;w@M=ampL_pZ6B{$cDDJ6oGjIDCs&
zRdx<!n&O}XN>Kb+U~R2Wm^o`#Fh{oi)Ft33O)#}u*NG&P$a?AmkWSK8{B5OwSPHcg
zOd1%SYbFF(<xwgqup>sbYU6c`IqbXqwm)^WuQgmisdY@HW{+eUU3If5^@<x}MsMYl
z9r+Dc*lW#W=4E4#%aGV|I*QSUuiH$B{{Xz7vZ2wIujo9`%NYcw;HKe|U!tiKMo_Nr
z74L3zXgZc2MZCF1{u801NenW7`|1hg!$a+;b>>>W0Yh(|xHlVVTs?Y=pTyr?G??;2
z`{Hf?0EPJ5_ox`LOCDi)6sTfN_>F4qX{+pITD4&I{OLRY0BtP*{{UAro^jJ7`R!w^
zzS;_nxe^cgb((+3(f<HYYPWVhfqtqFP(X3Tg@Z8Cm_;H-EzaLn52%oTV~h@M^$HXB
zpljM>?Xe&Z`q1d&(o5c=l?iqyl{?dh*<ZbDTRaeuyA6npx{~A-p>+tsFp{KrwvkPg
z{Iy~}{+`-9My1970L<Wh6nQ|ROa}!WkbTo!7}MQP6#UroKpXgqMr4u~F_qjvxgxDO
zNSA<#BO?bwRhLjjZAaCAA<e~TGVHS`x<4XCdG9n1Ac`Wok;av)I*l`6O(B9bAZ&65
zoM^B-z{se;D09SLT3#)2;Qi&MVdF3Fn#$OdL~_qN%CWfxO90wyYuBOjdV2fB5AUDb
zSQx+=z_yn+rkV(Esseo#mE%o27L#L>o|G@*UEHka_SRJY03uI+gNN^bZ4y}H1Kd&S
zq+LgvPL{U|Q>1fX*J2r9GA7oyh--dTq&5|>mqF+?k22h%s23+dPT!`x<>Uh1RDkzb
zk7za1PmZP+`3q+UY}q3OxCcSXv^rJ@60Gw`skhw$h3PD4)XK+=jjMJzkyKa<Te7p=
zykNb$PDkSy{O8wy_vq{Lfp6#B_HV4w8uki^lzGzv1-v?XtDjla)(w$100Q$1{`Ggv
z;A?5u_^UHw_77!F#P~<DryWP)6R4afiKfSqeDxdw_l08&oS`PgRbl{c&NS|D3kQS&
z;u_E+QRW}q6}2PBpK>iJ#EX_91(1&ynSH#keiUCmbN2^-qV-b0kiYt)>!!+%%BI&L
zDf|q#$(||y04Z0@It%a=q|K8#^JilA;qZ@DH#q+QR!9CgRk7o~G^d?kl1Vt^C0AzD
z^E3D9sP&CSKq%dm$-@k#kd-3CP82u6op#)*+-+2?USzu2a4U?8a-p}zFGk2fG9^5N
zS7PE6$cf8;Y8(p=6kL)PNr~aQiRF@E&TvmhANMc*n|+lsplpeNQq8>Z7t)!*AL|g>
z-Uj<9n94ltgKc+IJ8JqCtCYH#t%&3jB0aaYs*z!tmR1*08r*l*)F^ztZ>{*%7Cn(m
z-n72shtO(^%Dqfy#%RE2Zwc%g)`F-VB`xlf2tK-hHael1cYwmjLs!fn=@@}wabfGB
zU&$oO+}l;NjSRiFtt>zP02wO&C!`l%?@d35f6zLfB)OvR9;j4W_7(&EE+?<+r!sGJ
z_5D<q<@sE2H7k38>8B<>VNI&UbFe(cX?OAUGN<M(FZ;-O_-PFBcq8<WuAY<5^HN2L
zh(xh}zLcDh=H){ejxejlJ02s^O*I;d9FAw7$xlF~=kQ>}pAjugOO2I~fnCxtEqelZ
zS2s^-Hu<xX6Wswo6_qimt+Nm>lX!4a5%0`(`ppv;Y&h~uz$mi%zqXF}P&<hvcV=A|
zTU*&gTzCY2Rf{JuP3jeS@p8>Ab>fmT6?_eUb8FZiUbM_j8y4BYQrh;DPcAMny`vhN
znz)WN;GlX1TQf48k0MYtB%1-wqzN2E5;r?gD`{<Ses!!YI9FWI+^B&h)08EV4n*$d
zW7--oF6>7e-uhJ|>9UC8SCLf1s2~%@o?~OJQKgN2<^$42IetDXK#zBq5GMi`H<Ctw
zbKPN97+7(wyt2S@W;IjPaN|BHlhJ$7W$Rcxn7{6+q^kHLo%yk~j~zY8QG4xk^wqq_
z8Utb60Ia6#un%%4Z%u^)PP>u*94bF}lU3l!@<!Fz@g&q*yz6z2r2H9U9mDp}+bcFt
ze<9Cs(x2PvgUxVE^fD23xdUExR>*~aed!c>#d*z}wPt3&X*J$VeU$tcF?qg5>CeGV
zGb!|IL2j{#4x5|MKW$_AXgLb)i`h@b3(1;q)`$3TlitSEyY+0g_jaJ}7y9WvgO-&R
zVc$oJ7n2P6nQ!k(-mNH1%-;JJ^pa}3g>^8Kyd#xxH_!ro6%F4{C>I8pggjk;hmCbR
zw03>^>HsEwOp>A_fF)CQ{{Z1hS<e>sSEB1ME8(-Mk1;K^x$)sxKQEVWa1MH!&uYon
z7%y=}vy!j_<}zH6c8z<@dJd(cBKLt<m`Kes78<*!*IQjxwO>i9x5*N;Y?#QlwS8+U
zB#<a!BMa->O)T@Rfg$h6=xSYmIWm>`p_W*r(nSZ;Sv_wOD58kPp>`v0s<lI_jjRf>
z<bKM_>gZBP7jYuw>qRA51>x1REpcQ#y|lzVIi*5Fg(8Vg;E&2Dyw=7LVVlP6hf=21
z1d~>u`R;pI)hUe;YLF_`6r^y80<HyARluocl|+TB1+H4POJ$@$6(nhYQ(bG2J4mG^
zKzR_Vp3SG~r5Av$9IX+L;Wd;TaHDG}v2WtZ1-(t^TdS^W%tG!JBesL7tE6%sb`$_!
zJUCUWmIt=3eU)JW5lH2Y(}2>Hfm;qd>4<Z(;P)gYeiqbFUM5A}NF(;p??#|(Mc346
zkr`janvZ2a27V?${HZ~IJ%>Z|*O|RhyuKuWdqpQj*lNulwb2;djea4arKCw0Aqq*X
zfTh@a#p}<*pPLD^PF;H&g*ZB_?x0M75W#~f<|<y>MJuLigEVeg;oJ`rhj8{926XuD
zk%4t8-X&l~g{!0MILAg(zfCYRaOD;*4f!yr@P{xzDN!O!h)}YBFkx<0IE)r!-n7}q
z!jn)J(x%^4Q1s}pc-@rxZ}rmxQZR8tb};(t?-O~Kx8FZiba7-wAC#=Fymb~lZ$&f8
zSxd#tl2qS~OPRpb3Fa^Ql(!9OIUteek(CPpYunLUvr7}ogo3<?VQT9kQ?P-4%4+Q;
zfOJ;l#KUOg+II_oTyQ#7GGLF(N8m+(wQkFe9MG7~g#GSfgBM6_w^(<06oT#9YOlPa
zULc>e)-?qhS{Mgo52}qDMvWq~S&I{1fpDOPC5;eSM>_8%IP4zE=X=TUHB@F6D<GI_
ze|uVWwyKsSQ^gPs5q*@rz!C1RvXip2DJU~#W!J??xgKGE*OfmsWbg_-RFsghJZ<O#
zw5$oprdp$@4esAlKnkP6GEUyh)`CRiu=+rzqC!68N7A*Tzlwu5S#tt7F{8T27rG7I
z&VUNs0xyYuqN;`XY>W74%C3LIi}-6Bzb85uTyQD`e;D@Aq5w@XxUnL}{A?+oE&l+^
zi}-3pZT?h$Uc*t0<f(j$Sqb-so%L@AX!g~_ZT?(-%8?6ymmjj0IgVc;Ot^g5N}&aT
z1Pk${g86ci`glhzD_7->?`X%U(H0}YtVeZKZ{nj;T9+mYkkEiQi7#&J(`C>N3HDa6
zkcaM%WkAM@ngTr(J;cP5N0`Y=Wo`!QZ>>%^{{T&YC(~Z3u<@iqtr*w3)s>Tin0vf8
zjPnBi+ON2*qp<7kmSv)Y5ht`&vH;y3wBt^sWrflvvF!j+20W)tfO<_|86~+g<5u%f
z+k=l~3V7aDm?$KMzp}Pv$Cwz@vW?B9fi|$c3}VEEgtC%c-HL!Jm9Rt06~Q;kU)*ZE
zEEZXR{{VWKMd|qO<_~_>yEiK1)Vg$kdNn=Tnp*H2=0Re!x?5?|`T%I641$s<jE%y>
zaRP%U>I^me%-_1dwwHg@QGM8*y(9`e8=Pt$Q5n#7JSo+K5{f{#5@?cQB(RvImqTln
z8tLh*hW$Y2-GmQGp*LI2eH0>k1?jD}g4gnYa`J1Amx8=^$!^xS)kR2g;~P>n1HWIc
zy!p@0e|lm+cEX0zO#b|?-m_KU__BPt9-n$A4T<Qmp}t%yJX0thkzQn|JZ^nD*KJYA
zQ~P~I<<Q;8>UfJ2?UXZZAOWtVP@?LXQN)T|lBxxQo;Ivv$||MBKLj33+HSdyJ=ooU
zy@ILzbw9{!dPQVzuDu==4<>6KxV*8+{_vr<>KO)$jt8XHW$THf#c~N_$Mp_b;TjKV
zsvf=64-JF+w2@Ujs--Q%T7D~#NZWOeq~GF!=utv!?CCw}-_&jOQs+vI)}jPmrJ23y
z9lb1SgkO!%q~5F<Yls}Ffl*<~q&l8|2L06rn(3+v%1F7t*+59In7y@Y-iFcLiSIRC
zq;NFh3Rr6D7-t-HsS*x)Qh~}0r%P3+JBKQfB>-HLRNbv{d)0417A;jKqN0E}>s@Pb
zHmKIST4Fhc_?pmNLZ0DS#`dkeL{`U*h`A~#V6_$h0QJ{VwtxIvS5g_LodJh`5<wf2
z3AT-?z4=yrrqMA!39TNW(l#pw04TMs>8#AHG2gbpRvS|p=4rXFp-!Ba$;V&D53pXI
z>aF4)f@yA+x6F_5t2fa`>WA|^0=4|;&+@Pd?yabT#Hl(E)D4ahOdRs?Q#(NyzPG&=
zvRaOtcD(qhg2kH0e*!GM)Q?twB+ZTvqzYvtls4;vIqORGKlf3A$xSM>?4i!1bhT-3
zB-WaNCrWz@Ol$g0XWMF8_qAx_X@*bXKUHjEC5_V#RwT2AvkR3Tip>@2dN{TN9_BTl
zh0~zPiNk37ODhgUR94xv@MgEHD#sLM+Pc)vW*gy@4BLZ?gFsicS7J_oP-uW2!&Xd-
zecB+(x8138$fUulx59mueXZDihL~Kz@YUBh@YK2FQm~&6I(kK3HM^%~;ab@8CPYVa
zgKY>Rv!OsGP&fxR^;T;0<f0u-)qXEj!slrWhw$6lYZz9}cCaw*AW|b2c<>_|RqVL0
zsh{pEH|&Ll=!lo(O&KtMUD&7vNEbKktHTV|unKL!lWMm47^Jv@5&jca5&i@1riM02
z;TUg2143pf#T{8)c&QqSk1HBQd6iTj3HH(BKrm-Ni%+7cBwqgjWgR?N5)r}P!`4L!
zz9D3z3<gTE#|go%HKhb+?=dy0)q=*bjRncM^a{-`y}ruQuLezj5+hD})q)`41rGP%
z38}LmyX`az0^Yi(8WSv`8$f;@HCa*Pnd1WCO@XC3fx$MtRM;MO?yj`GgWE>LhE|cm
z)4_cyfkl=@)m)EV89Ihiee3#ZRapqpK=hihjn5JVARb<`I`J2xuUl`tw3a?2OyvQ&
z0{5UwL{c<vbyH)1N)sHjUAnXquGdmM6?pUTzVXw%aI7&PKIkT!>9~J6IT9Z&63wW+
z`>8slvNdNoH?bBBvJ88Se|f+*t?Y3GC?kyuf!+1iY%<9j1ddfzQD6jO)JM&hHQdu^
zEIq-_xbB^ta5q?4HGCvgS!+Ay-~OiG{W{^6{C;Qu0Nbd4`)`^Y^kb5Fd@ZdhF56z!
zM#yq*azFjQ?V!AjZ~6EC0O|h#ZBnFh6!ZZ(8t7?8I`BTqJca%%pWPyZd2hfUXsuE~
zEaXy7i2kLcMvZ%vllV<cQ%aWbDfOCdGO_^o7utViC;VhtD1zT|PvA7fYzN(ae*vf&
znFH=GwEoI}u+E#DYwbU>p{f4><asP4L7`Xv6H+Blf=}QyHR><s7|d&MH(z)5RsMQT
z8x#1cI)4%p%X#VWN&E(<<|F?AE>GY!U!IfTPvWWh*+<+@;{M8BEBIrUPs~T~N&E(+
zWX3q8pTKIrKPdkI4L^(fDu1ZU{#yS47xq!&zlJG)VV5Qo$^B?(!gzbf_e~^voWJF-
z@&5p2NA)>B%3tFC$~-@b34DjV_<K+Anxo`nFe>*T@f%GhdYr%Iukn9nRl1w=MFZ3Q
zlz0Y3I+MwX7oCJW$o}#;BX4*lePvV|UE4KQoYLaO-KBVOD8&ix?nMd|cZTBbZUIu<
z-QBIY6em#J-S02Y`{hSgk~3>2E9+#=x%RcC;`_1g`Tc^JtN+S+8q*%Ai>&I)kt^@+
zRc+5$BGuWDtAo`oFxQABxjis;Rrl$dYx&G3J6CUZGKtDg=!;0SY#FoSEOXK}CgR7#
zqNl{5)UBu}_S~`!9PU(h+5Kv-#dhbb{1cY5EDtg%Sjxj~Bqc2;|MY^V)As7ut`6&f
z8N@Gl8-<`4Tx??D>;#e+R!}G2r#uZSge@kTzv6+90UD3xz^eR-KgjzuN$=S~Na}L}
znAgV^GvK1o!7Iqn{|P}d(Xpy|i}@SoMMqd44s`8|ak-{6lqsT}r^h?wv(`ff!)5c5
z?#jis3t!b*sc&@om#tf&BGTT{6<btZXUT#i<?NjeV@u@;2BAnY37*l|{El7W<LICi
zxR8^QX48TXKpkG^@h`%B!!SS4WMcus*F#lrvPr4ugMj#u(v7sT@xx~pu~j`X2F<it
z#%Oe@FdS@~66z}G?3Wjr<FZU-wY&h^0ZnU!EZHr)=Fd>(TO{>_5489~zsf$U+EO9a
zq*bkJw36C2$Kr|0*)18B>1Z3Q+!Y`w7&U*!x}?6*0#Mg{%3X>`whJF|Z)fXz<^(tY
zgClOMZ2k{!XGvpJ(o2bU$lNEvM5e0#x*_=eB0_`nb}A!LU5GS{jb735h)0wXQ?+!b
z<)e_s)l4)cM{$&X$FOL-uJUH*0k1wY_%AtDT>CpmM*Mi+evI}$-HX)FQj}R^Y~~Z=
z2Ft3_5%4R#U$s&v0?(G?5O1X%edA^h>G&txQ2q6ZOTaDx7*md%#Ndi2RJF?v91Jg?
ztl1=h-`Z|Bw?2WGT8~UX3iDd%bJ!Krq@o)miBg}i4}?(&^@*@tYnzKH*2Og0W;SMn
zcgLhkJ3cz(0<NzbaY}Ryzornk?-qF$hn_PvfY_Gi;bDh9nHimDDR1G2S*Z{@!x8!w
znX1&$!<z8A0XeJaz?{BHUD|{Xx14>ET`P9~iid-RFaLfyBR<rUlCFjOVAF((Q?MGN
zLw&`w9AkeL31;Rl3{i|BJlwHu+3EX*{$?T;6T=(Y{w?4qiaaq}_)Vh=|5@wbrlJP;
zEC7~WqNBMzOS1wh%gCl7tMq1-yc#ZQC?53ST7O(EV1-=kw}Oy)FCstR?}`OX&#jY3
zuG{{RDIn@Y+(S+#Zz2$d_>&~a-ORu^MY+u0zZK{`v8uv3*6jG8Z=uPcC1h*UkvUbM
zPE*WV0%kH1-pS6*q#w^8FM^OyFw;*2+y8MN@yL6>C(nD@s1xt}74v<yu2C=>SyvMK
zV)kuLK{?P&!_9eYCpOzQNhOU-Z{Z5RwiIp#iT0Y8hIIMJkJpG5%tKflbj@;DG8HN{
z>S5XNV}Qmz(-k@#m4Mu9-z&HHl*yqo_!y$G-t-6bs+rVa=+;}HuJx*zvJEl;Fm^w`
zAeW0NjSN#dV)BLF64N8J{fqA#HZ4nLM^HU>T9z$%SHyKmz^ck)Hlc&#<ETJ`BcDs1
z+e#>LmM$jJ?QvSj&6#jrY(DIPttm7+yf5%VbDU>^;8KSIrO=f3-(R*jMSnzCT(e*1
zseGSE9kR>X>i~C2thcgI5MxXS@Y}Mw7W@TanPxfd?idE7$dS6`|FbZ!W7Nfu{Wndn
z{d*^nE>)$Bt$0D>3i9Z@Ds}Hv(Sdg~DV$9V66T+k+F4<YJdo)SX-tpro6TE6A(>ev
zChNDwNaQ#ubybKWuHO~t6s0<?;-DB1Y20KA5bIYqR310^`IqclRpIwMfNS&;+g|P1
zpJr9&(SRaQ@I0mGfd(?_MlONSOh6seDGp^8)koY`wpUIFx+r8a6i=Y`@Uit>I4yf5
z5<}Paf<37XtHhhm)Mcrjz4yB@{NMSs|9N{sOVzJ(#I|CyV)HrjSLdMQE2rbIA&)WF
z=jVj^7qBu6{}*Wh%u5swWYW`WO#zTo!WRP{TYt&oB!G>>@Kp>67H`_MLf`q-Slmj3
z!qdmLNaG=_DQsTQpZQxIbqIWb9l3O35HTXBmO?<l^4&&5rS1GU-QVK8$4s$sAKOIG
zCux$w6R%lwa@-h}AA}@5BB^Dgn35kpOSD@rf#37WM`g_eVE*xd6Yf50g|?su0~{6s
z&h7EZ>{ix*2l*VPk;~c%W<5Gq4JWesYI!)JUp=_Db1EsBi3ZIYy-i<&xe%QbG035|
zIZ_6De7!BpHb=$#D&ve>9)Z|(zY<79?Sk*a3A*3oyEPMl%G0IQIa~EfVyTzPjMii;
zvvu?-CUeCBRO-Ez>jLFaXA1v8ReO%Y=Y!`mZx@Ocr=^5IS&`h8QpD8UHm@h2rZR-m
z(|lOPMicc*k3QVZ@`>&Zh<QOd#{WcsGorKX;8+zmYw}_LVD*>e?L2DKuKcb63z^So
zp;hYFM*E&1R*DxEITcJEn#{w4D!-`wnogmA95*R|k7onn?V{G&Tx;2C#1!IG3a=X0
z=NXZs7?L}!(hTtpif37wmm^rIXqxnVdOQ8Im*^64%v46u^(F3A`stX&xBKd?SW}ec
zMX_y1U1bf+T7i8z10E@qyCEuQU7Y2pS}K_hXZ5A=shlUkGipX(E{j`!=?BlX)Te)v
z*0^>6nJd20w=GOhFD|T+TwK`plVq6HVMKhbjd(o-pyq&iQdsP!3E+?zI0!Q*aYGpu
zVyPiMs&SsY<i!4gw+K3mV3}=>-)ek%K9I|-1<9E}UGY7FT#1Jm)GXCH*O8<-Z$vdl
zsBI(6;Co?#7de0$mg3Hf2d}lQL6c+Hq5;7Bfz;>{?3Qq()2eFOETOiF&Wx?ZDxbC@
zzOw22F>Vr057lZDn^&zGH#I)VvS8#xEAKQ`Xw=fu@Da6O;?t$7QrKEG(CH>2@$}0D
zbq%Wuj&>vAD$yo~R%N`w+D@`Wu+1JtrN3WJqT=cau5@ME18e33W9}N_JMv$u^gyf3
ztaT^FBM$$-i8Z5#1@51{SibkDpX2P#YWX{FOW!TBfN^2T0r-|2elovf@twD@)*duQ
zRnWN-ZJJg8)Ldmpw}$WdXy@rW@-;(A&y5^hd`q!+c#Af=f{m3`vt|8FzPMPDvT2R$
z=7o*3lJj2#x|&KI_V?^}K}snwC4o!7l=|sW->_Oxn~%*s$pL-_`c&)JARlDa@j1Pp
zhjZO6oAwwan{ofaDV$b$chp0iOg{=oUz9r85LmJbVe!c9{iA#y!Jd(`GC*t3z!ENc
zl&sU~8v7CaO}-lGU4SKxiW@1D!3n9gaA`iM;!G0b(9Sr7I}(`tCQ3kETnfAYH^#)R
z`}rl;(`?Z)3vA?*OW&Kh9F=y5vmnG=)HHs^i0PBulr%C*E!ctGF{bQ@KWvG(O**Eu
z=d1$gclhJ?JLE|+QbHQ5Al^KSW3Kl*iuv?ZfGZh`?V&o@o&GfEkNN|n-C3N}hl{Lx
zM!Ozw7TZe!wjOirM`%>e8|?c3!8L#F=gWLeR-AMhE)e|l9~_Ne4u#3skKH%E-_u62
zVdk90GMzA&yG-mq%IEV-#^T=IVF@0xJ58TO+YEv@6u){7iHkyPtzgUB@CC=J#4t&1
zo%w@K!tr9*rE-#la+1M_5%?2Ha}7afLteBG;U#W^!F$bo!mHjFJODZ3H`x9zCUm3B
z$D=;O8{0ia6<>n;OV4X~@gZas^6OAc3Wd^`oaQg#ywt~Vc5Jt|NUa52<tVhoye`NK
z9ljh?W5O^1PUC>Fl^kYyhVbh4iQ-J<jo^2#$^)lwcy!B;px9~u%yC~Es(2xvSXL40
zrqm&t=Z0J};RHriKOoioppn<Ak`x7+^F4y>v*)fzU;gb_>UyI;*l~iUts+wRka+E&
zejHyb0GZPUO;B%W!R(iFK~pBNX}UCYXOr058rNWo!jp%7^@c=_L!}JhGuB>^?0(Ys
zr&4RerX)o<DT~`>e9_pF@PMZ#?{O`@s9RU9j3Wsca4@%e0?I`y_p0;ebh^jhE=#&X
zG!@7NEdGN#$rsyr8;eU9zA$|gJ1IO@_a5@5eo+C^#cntOiaTwu{#;DsAu&sY+kqJo
z!~wA^3Spw|X#cTuKCvevSnjg_*gL679C8|RXYAK#0Cu2kF2@tB0)Y+awcW^i=7UAa
zJ>_1^?*MHySSPsvCh2H&gNKF&U&MZ~doe5CqxugHLNU}(>2`2~jmNtW;|)lQMQeZB
z{ulNi+=s$y1HCx$%Of%{S?FTF+56mw*T!^e<#ZYqR;lU{GN$s&LQ4L4+<_p#-jK)Q
z?>Br|l?sSHlO0ATN#A?+=d57lrP<hQdYA)|2Eg!2aW6VHYYhDcP$u-npyP0ClTI?s
zRnW)(L<e;?!e)v3z088{1GAo7B*h08rxiwBEs{kDj%}j;4uz%4e{hf3+JDvV(Z~A!
zO!;_dI`{)dVt+xbqJ55Q?P<U+zc+BLPV;C!qriVf{2v?&Om@K4wbgBDZcpe^(AL!l
zIQ5f+XAB*S#1^amHOvS@99z|(v{4l&4H-PT*qC{bvA32fDofH!Dr(|q)||%pFPhWy
z(roDHeL_qb28K%QVDxK93_pFR#FSn0g2F)ix9%<*hi=p2)1{Z3c*aY}*eK_SEF2E{
z<!mk`hdj%$O>@ocgV;HE+NRX?uu5PZC}$DYZmsY+p?eRXNSi1_1vbpXfS0qP=@pWp
zh|pSOh(lkI)(E5?>S3(-@e=+=p>C~o>xU0ZA*rt$TdacAC+guzVpZ6Txx9962Ui6}
zJL1VSse*>`^QG)1M&`Z$Z-Ej#yim@MYxoZidW(sQ+$<PuTURvAW^N1mzyr)W5MErD
zU#n8fHIois4gceK%Y4;Lx09+eX<h1Jlk;-ex5cO})DHb_8IPo?zvd_b84g#Hjntz3
z;AvB-B#miX$5juP_W`X_OmIw%!eN7LD2Pft=1UyvQ#n<Cni(8rlD(Z}L*pa-t(N2`
zj2fvmcz)ip&l6i8G2e~N)Ybrd*<N|@#926Ancpdp1=NXk(K@Q3Mp~rhlEl138CnDw
zEbtD*YVNyY<W{U@_)U)zop{5FaB_?oHOq$9%eL<o){H?Sjn0LF72~52b(z%iJkM=T
z%-$biw<@SbE;3I+2Y9V`J%we=AdO5Dr?QR80c{zI3`%j&>31B4J{Q1ZLlQB*TZ{&d
zo0VV|I!6L74&lk~llbin<gK5)2zS$3+35+f%mY`1t@$qvLF*x5zty#JK4iw|8s+?A
zm%jgsJSnVQYAu&xYQ}EBHeA#wD2Nwm_(rfMfiff4*Y#aB+MUzU(&A(tED0lA5sn4-
z^<p^gR95Dd9OmBicMt>gPV_(7TpSR>0xFWenA-R4%v%>l^OF-g!RkQG<1)wFC3P;M
zBTP&?)2i*t@88^V+Og-EUgnzUy6FikmSZl9lAx`nD-UU{S3H8oVQ9+M46EWp3(GUL
z?>BObFO1TL%|5P6L%*Q=_Q#Jznut6fd$(K%NDRDQZ>kkG1-b&K$Zc0^D~tbz3Zp9&
z^_^(!-V17HnR{j5)%&>}lI@}olpqYN_>})CaA+sz=d0v<NN6qKsd<+#vKKb59Qknr
zM2Ox8FFwVe$+?VW?--HdZ`Ydt5ynk<?f<IvmzE+1J?NxBT6>qxAJzK%=CE+uDgLCP
zu}jetSu%SoVon$^BNJ2QMA7J;iC3`aw&PkA(miL+&*P)niMg1ccQGW>&xG%v#}Rhm
zT{1l;M2E7fJ-PJZ?NwpHgO~>Y2h2?*BN7wK$(fftGhFmMPqVH&@xIFa^|%$5YdtMZ
z@y}Z>Kh6#2=-r)i%)?z!$#CTdgR&a`gZn4|Q@C*yWX1uHh;#B|j!6f2^Twn2GltC0
zXK(%|q4$>Os<#U===DC;8z@VfmD;$eYsjCIKfT{}8mmrwd-0~p+et)gwkKqHy||&X
z1i<-ojhFGef8$(;b)||`mkm_YAL4w7$-0Hf?|ygZi>1xCyxI95y*4Tu?@eT9IBHQ$
zI<DjE@QeXu_b5wBn}o}n{{Pm5`8l!IpUMaoN6vfJe572hW)hZ({CJVT=@FH^VGF7t
zV=J5X0(w<n6CwQJnk5(G^@5S+=xSdu2uZ&m2-Yi)q_Q5W;}Kh<F#Ps30dCvW{C4v0
z_BrUdBqK^b^+B0ArN<@Im5*6wJHO?E-&?O5%@pw4v8G;0P*b$?o5hl9SPTUxk?CE^
zYJcQ&XeQ&34sh7;+x%D_MD(V&*;zIU6?{fc=4%O2N1ADvlOgr)oSb6jzKKptFu*7A
zB6s!lpt{Dx>IYfx(9ooAT3X#xAao#g|Ne(C+z&n9Ht<$b70)HZdYJ3x&hQg%_dbFd
z#Q_&SSRAbm*1{hm4t0Hk0@`fsW}t_2zfBBq2c8Z#xic;)-wsP2v!`Oj!k(=?>QxzS
zYj%rAr+hyAubTV3_0D+DMU?i9;<V&3`u~oxb(zGb{39y6m3BMt+hzO+fJmmsALbr_
zCdeN5{~ZZA_=IFKPO%LPFn1{d#*bo`=wcIlzH%=Nck`qby#vFr7jsV-l$g5UT?!~Z
zxsl_mz#Elfbj8N<e{jKXE8xtD)3^uaQwYov=X*)f#O9OvDL%pEe{e-&15BG)|9`Ob
zv195H=mYF=->4EeZp~x4eWcv3x(~Bfm}WB4CS*={#e|Y3X+#0Yw;PGv0)6MHxAo3~
z_HmfWUa_Nffy{ipo|l<@Bu%Z_yEEcgZs#uAH|*1*IfD?6lH!yM$Gg*0JfaJignKVm
zsY<)Z*~gRW2-pu~>klww{ExVsS#J<LpHUu`jo<sLY9OIx-|$MHOD5ISe%1Y|lH=$T
zMbNS>P-5Ya4VV`1J)wjL?(DJJc1hyEk+y1sxh%FVTP-=|TwEPYGH*A<#LRrKnC7XY
zN+}gXRL0Ln@<Q=7*1}RkSyVf}ph|$_659=Q!|-8yj3ERkVfzjj_2Dq);nATVHks6p
z4F~=5^c-5&BXJA?(_fzL96uRt(7Rv@W69|EZ5@oI0=3i6^OpP)Ym83+WCXFkMU2eA
z5xf*NZv(43da*R6o%{sV@mbs)$?)*sGGl#VDoRuzt7n@Z;TA~TOavwl!jiFVGg0NJ
zC$87O5Zi96X(;Ahn$~80EM`Nyp~g^N8^>#JJ1^Tj9l7VdVxO%T!2bHX3HWxxe&khS
z?l|BT7<i>m?(3dxJrmRXZ1hma0j$^w9jYxlnulFc)7qKpwl;B5XxflbhWmfiZB4z#
zE^AXA(xzC4)dL#p3D{#W$?O&OlH3j%3<{pdJJGs=X*6Df?iTqUy>m1ks2_ih^2tj1
zHR(s)&k}{K$a!R?Ao;K;-A~$g#2e3ePYeKWKNioQ4#0LdSdHhBo6k<qfkClig0Dl-
z-KRqxY9TQ%=c=Uu$@^~JwLtMdM$fMra`7F`jD+SekHzVjSm&V4TXky=`k-^a6tT>l
z7`BU+<d{^fOgb#PUo98EcQ8NQ!(sgiQq{}2DpRPYf+8%{RxB*6tg+i0Vm&K?3eN$u
zA;f<dGEgylasrHyBo`A)M`Ltkv8&JBp05p__E!S@gyeQA-KDI`=>Nfe-furG_>5B4
zdKyeo6c%PGM1I7?e^lXPiU&inPQ=FA!@oya0Pd+gOKNZ4Z|AG>SLJ#*W8}Q~v!4q_
zaO9ZJ;6n5leX#6|i~5ek6XBNPlePgqo{H`F<&;mc<UCUN=5SewHmsi07B~gH(p_zK
zg4);UBLk0SeJ}ozN`z=6t@p77krQYGv0qm}V*Z1-nlrL0=z-Wm$KGW{BUHf$`Y_U-
zN{I(a1lHIZYQ7VG3ylI~s5*^?Op6E3xG}Z?qQEnnAdnIWiH~G+;5k<`B?kx`WK1c^
zcl9R4wF}EBE{XS7zxHyldXQ<D5IVKyM9^OHRLg=M2jkYYUX$m@as;VXIK&Tz&E=SO
zJN)Qtl=q%;Vx(-NlpHgP0t{9UO2X}Pg!<!(@<#<M?&zi}7UHg<VqKyEcJej{=B<y?
zY=(w~Zd~wEb0+QyMslQ7H9$N07{iUPNV_AYQP0qVuZJpaGvB=aUzuw{Xd&O8fp&b$
zq32N+ft;ofVrIyp6J>*oJmkK#@_5zIn=Y6Nh>!PaRl^3wc#K)bc`$<IBh7A?&LLE&
zy0zD1Dc941Y-NBwtsuL~v|{QF@#30Yl}*uNppD2kNbl%3v`(IVz+5t`NSOthJ+GuG
zu)z_Ax%<2Cp{FRR<~r5mhy>7J=zo=HbSrfGN^RO0+DuydJgpq6hO)7=^yjx@3!$#!
zL@&|MxOv}wnH1@9%s(Fc7QXHN5Mkz?*cI3$Wp~&gcj_qJ{yWr8Z+L;H;Vg$_qj(03
zx}xf-&?S*wi-scr1c|ew8#q%mt=M|tY;yYA-IPPDOsa*x$$?2ISlNfxpNoE%uddlW
zVTrYOK|K5vR?A(Iq`EC2M4W|zR!N>QEq3`3Dbg;ZMQL(~9^LbCQ0&SKV{E8Ld&30N
zF4b;rOTC?gVT!1vFMTenkZs|xy++1Ez78}6I|OZC3l?LwJF2T_0f+a|-z=I=O0Wi>
zf%)U$a8qHav)a%6&-4OO4u4Jk2}`dExg1stM|W1W1X}uEBs4@6@Rhp(@d80~Pr@t9
zH61v1xW;FeG;*n*_l8)H)B5FRv4o;!`Ntn(QHQccC0JBz@iHF*x;^ZjLKTAcY*7W@
zk4dym|ND3cERa-;`7H<BWXi`_hn@@8Ye25!*Dj|ug;T`*s&zq&TygKDo~%LhSF11L
zA_(9h!bE=gSc@FCqq3%%0kCcbZd&q-rTM`u#HG1o;7JZLAlycx%!*NJiPu)o%~P@{
zJ2KaFQ=vMPM^2v^Y$OnHf`o1O5l&FQE+#IHHVhUcsovZa6E#Plj7(#8m&;pBfcg!s
zUBaNbO-FGZHF$-UxksG=*)EG~H8nJEYwD8iJ4?pbyQ-r11TxfMkj$v1d-2@2Dief-
z9@RGmjyK~u)hjRX)oW3N!L%%ihF;v2S5Cq+NTPq@L4CzKWfJLEqgx4>DeI#6Qsbq_
zu@4LkDrxh;RjO!^Q{Nb;Og`W~l!+SizZAYPGn9Q0JXRGo=7zlyjHBUyNq8}fIO@t%
zYpdLaiIn5TqBXn(z`MWz<E{A5D(bK<r}&mhG@KSz$j@4YSk9~e;KpFCNa~(wxDszo
z_M%W?6L_`H&I6}>y-<~=^<~c)QEiTwTHr<FWRbf^wy?Z{5zLnMrt`*po-+O)94mmY
zcuORNevHmB_76xE3)gt5(tb352*I6)(}P(43CtjBC7lL7lvnZeN5<JRAx_;YqB+d{
zYE}Nu+@H$!Lu%4zE{+8OJ&Jrzr&GBg8QFR`ES<C*V&`R6F?IuuV=mIs_f=Gx1D4k<
zN-+|<H;w;l<l;%L_%KOJGlZ43{k-KGo4%>Blwsarz!ZuxOk`L{#^J@}p<GJA;9>B_
ziCN((raTtlJY<eQaYR%*9I<_wgv9#x98>X`4C>#_dpYDca}Y3qJZBT!qP6eusm=+>
zXF%+VYE+!Ezn3p~a}HKQZJOP*0bZy!{wFR4#!I{5x&>GM;l#f1;CSMvWuxDWa3zQ~
zP&QTDro>&n?$(z1a)6!c!H%v#%c^s<bzg6Qv&POQui27@o^|X*(}RgNN^3Oxjg{aF
zMy(7yoxrD;mhRh07UH^^wL)KydG(K3!-Q|0mW~N?#(~%^(fj|l@N>dtfD9J*P5GJH
z$7W%Nz<N%eL}j`B7h?;N?!;RP$+v9(Q*5F)o7Xw5*bN!~l`6K5#n+W6UmflJBklj-
ze7m~Kvcp%Tx(EErU}(B`R}ko%BennKQ>nl09s4H6JyRz2^`Czz5~UT-Sf>tze8n!A
z${95Fi+z*+JmIZo`XISR!0}PZzB+wT?CK}%gs%+)UmtWSo+=AD&|WHpoPkxDa2ODh
z4NTh2eOpyEFy7~V(2Ft=ti>p~YTyx8-sgQTJ2qX=Zxd1-ynBzTU0S`*aF(eU!*o_6
z#wR9G$j8}~s{W_aI>I}^*>7gxfMupHS0$FSIyrzsS#T&4DM=JSU0Uy4o#w5KFq%=|
zKyY*{(O5r-ti~ne1D&nc@#RJ)5!XgiO@_Q8s!OcQTD<!T50VgO%7$^$xi(Bu#z@6$
z7Av=L8s885o-ao=kY8)WWOE|fqYAvb%|!K_fue&OpIbFSvkYdd=|Pq39~dg)&aMCu
z_fKwv|KLc}TJ3;;+t9&3J>c(mbA~!ze%#o2e$c>;U#|__DpYmb0e*w3lGB+l@eX<J
z=F&M)cPec<O~RG^5?aStc8t5sKQ%Dv88V*AbGy;@{v6w;iCb(^OFq0ih-KpeIyN7z
zIX@>Fgps}rxK;gkpD$A3pHf)@Ym*J^uX|NLB3G3e_~8TdA;`qvt>{jAHY2DbUKRME
z#+FQ4o%XTPUVB5`rB*KrC#7Tx{EapW3qfi(6eXLttY-^Pwm|83_v$%$2mICNl8_OG
z|9yNO;g_;G@6z>IM5AcO&}H=-WiA9o2nO6o-DoNqIX(_AGYVewF5<x{XHQV<fD2lz
ztP+Xj0a(&SBX*xq8D@aT%mFzBQu=*$Q~z!SvVYw=dZU(WmCdH!;yy!$;2r()_Wcno
zB{OA3ap@naKOym_eNt(KCQn%voDI8S@XY&e7(W)JZFDx0o5i}yi048m_|x8;svax4
zuVYxPBs95WzlI+$84M{&tHKz~Wko+=dq)AF)J0&IxyvON??uOps+ynjKe)(^mC}T_
zo66I|o`janwtj#5@FU#m?o71V)8i_f_hw7m-sWWZhHwb0A^H`0y6V<7tK)MDxbQjR
z4x~3F8$s!Xprb}3>Z=1jD~Uhl`<1Lx<t3M2uS~Njukh7ba@{~h6{Y?rs;G21-%W>r
zTh5#qXS4!VOwZ2{naKNAe!MKnOH1LiLD4oI#hCJzo1X<07Iu9t<r_WNMvYvNp}H`U
zwMb+0^iK+Eb?zwhs?1lY0D4~>x!hhXz9<tBW6f!G-cBz$4-+~DGb7@H!SnrP1=|n1
zrouZ^Jb2s8n7$TbC?A{caV$Q3rK&f8tn*71X7-LW{jO5ehDP1W4W%Z*u&qps%RvLj
zGw~gq{zUkN+g;@8<%_~8o=E%)#tHr^)dS&QB|?=^zsncN6_#cOSZB|eoy4d7qy+8b
zbJR%zp-N(J5|n(#Ko{2eD?^IfGPabH?H)I_{LmJhiV6O37YS8|4QpQIHv?Bof4}-F
zYTp;A->71gSkTB32}vR>(l3#guq33ywyBH4Xm0pSVd0^NI6=pd^P1UQLbS6_I9FHy
zCIa09zEQ6cr6I*{L{66>^R6B^m=mKm9@%Dv97mz6ysKiVVh#xb4SqqmT>vdmg$b&>
ztJbP5Gcc+a{~(dyGCSEbg9cR5eyoJ^>MEb<JIjRMhK>n%vtVtb^AO)HwI{%%)YS+U
z%Wo*`98Si&z#O#}&oTTIPn8(2ag1IYko7!hEUbn%DBP2rCmiirN{MP@;zDEMNN3M1
zK&zgsk}7<wAf`Xb4zsHvAp-R9QW;zn<0&CshhnBhJ4cTgF9W(L*1$#Ps2j;@(_RZt
zRL`2n3^aWqlYg$<oWF~hdxKpx(n>g-?#&=_Bgn{F>C5Lv9XxxD<Ml#?RpQno4oxN!
zpRq5SAl_;*aw83+-J<m{)tfoh+lbJ_Jcrxq`8KYFnbLn%r(+XEi>FTqG#I9AB$cbN
z+qR^B+W4<f6<AUI8<>$R`{F23>gF3+xx<tqTO`|rk7YVQOiBfD=VDTk;Z&SIGyPLI
zt8Or+Z8H*1xrcyt!!uz#8P%C}RGt&IAtiE`UpGMZ13d@S%hSOHrd40dY$Q&Zq_iNp
zSmF6yg+{AhjnKNj$NQ|WhduhG>o4AB6SVTcvN=jYQ0yPnAJ+d^vA&FgDtUQTO6t&S
z1j7*xE%DKWxg8x?$kN5iE)zJ9iMQ0=sD#){U4nkQ{H-(uJ!J?xlBs`6v9Nz5iS;(B
zC<ICZQ7MN!)uGR5)&aLhoL~?-XyYpmFO9J!VOfIptD79hu5>3PM{Ne}=+B`wQk}vm
zLI3RhhD-P*5O{HVUgmnk5`F6EcOrt2c2sxRfZ<$N86+RI6?Gne%~wFxfHOLI?r0QP
z@WFf#C4=y8q3;mSuY%)%ctJ$RI?ZGv-(0pAE`Ue)RMU<9Bbzx**)vGbE-R*45Z?c(
zOYr>9kdl5BfSQkULv&O;aisIp*%$`U4VR_4?7PJQ>y$pc1&SNr4MY-(|BClt-hQGz
zVRe*$D2L(vtLkoRu@$RD&3+~6tJ=h?%IS`kF>JZ3b=V>xYiYin)moXkO7lYI*yb$J
zc!sbNaK{|zYzGVzBaPWO<ig8EJTw%cbr9`eR<E#lU!J%aU){eIdH_3JZS9V4KH6HA
z<Nz>vR&woAy4M@wfVwoNJD`*B*AT79+|u^Qc=D_Y2b~P`<=f-u0txlKNL1n(1auHp
z(O*&Pl51ru^#*s%fWlbGu!*WiY<N{K#$X!*JXM<5LWEWbtu`E)r$)iCBIP9`EL*RT
zCLCivnVzYpDNl=c(%vnGGvL%zr-@f%Itn;aIyxOHXv^UGQ&m+}i`R3MrH!5-YePy9
z9?o14*~pfhNQ<F4?b%Q^gDat?q7$|!^W1-2ew)I^74qP}67H5Mwt??oAv>av@gTbL
zC5GlRB&2EXFh2!0hwUb4BEgoj8D6hEFJLM`h5=QTq`udARZ`!D5H51W^LL_S)Bq-e
zxOsgih`~SF&MxVzDb=azQ30zeIW_<i%L?X9ppA$ccx_u<`m2E9f)HY9$rMyx9vUS%
zHxWO{^+5{`<NfNL<{ZH|Vxn(rI$Q5NF&`q|TJl#7p6@?NPo?4vgpCH1{oL4EiRIrp
z|D3>Wunb2SFzzbAr-t4)bL)wK0AL<R1|Kh8-GShQKVLw6o^vBBhSG9O7t`VQ$uvb(
z<C{xK-0R5gP-9wLS{$ANNsAVu3W#L?vU>tQWX@6UhPOHz+xH%}pp~fq2RDardGrYq
zU9!3M8d@Lfz)6cnuoK(Jz(MBdg{L3eC@Qx4fFBD)<iE;@B@H^<iZwx=fHalU;HPx;
z?&6D|ZK<?#V$lSDNlF)F32A-o2t}<wJMRspD&w(gWI3HcP7hwRyfMb=<`0Bk)k|JJ
zQ$WjLD9n+;Ebi-G;pgweljC6od~|z13wo}hekqNMZLB(9CNmKElgK(296!QkIS@cj
zcc8yk>e7-%;*b79qB$uffrLAaW}OiYR#U@wH?Y9%!HFS%Oi(vk*;EpC@*@4N%{EU5
z-iyqa`30r&WDVTdW@?zy4)LTM&;aMc_7-R8V~QPS?|zdC9liO|TJId@&-f=)?WNty
zb&pWI_Noc~hP=SPnAHm(h>GRSN0{zDJz;UYdy<@=eJkf@b$nO^+MgOaF7+Q4>)(Gv
zj0*5!_BSK9cT|P+`p4h$beDI(vit{!Gap+4GgPd8QFylF-lKXLlpP7%!Sm#pB`*Ts
z!n&@7Ne^jvOMs^EC3vN~sovj=#Rm%6Gkq9@T}kH1wp!JyMNyZyZ*PDEekw-$DUK8I
zS^I7dTxdv}Mkkvbx>6?c`)$m)8antZzK#ilKx(YIuYUuvU9Y>T!#6LE!=)nV?YGR^
z`hRc{fW6194D5mc)Oc0*KR8Z`K?5$_rs6^WL`WLh6g)Q&9QAHJ4vx%G7PIB_Tx;_%
zLrpOwGTxqO`+5HO+lmo&y=~>6!0#n{5PV;p=r5r^QA^*7)Bb}~M7bZd_AmZREWwXL
zmmJS7OCVg1;@j@=!>_|ZwenWgz9CD#G_ol<%e=qzA4g{_cK(sFI`}Q!d(D4r^17E0
zi9$*yd(BZD*lMNjlvypc%q2QJ22S#`*P3<^U~0s_axc9t-S1Z_GAM1l3ys2!3I#)X
zxZhlca3qFpI*-XMG+J~fZ4?qwaGn0j5hg_ts`tU-Rhn1RxjN*s4^AAU+Drc=HYKX|
zOBjq*c<RiNiLxbji}Yya8lYW5E#<q@H<E6rThzG$jy<t+imEggbBze<ypn%~a#f2N
z3@8a+Yaa6vVH*Tx3(DxGDS7r|o+L|t<S~qJ-etY%E}b9H`{k07D6amQuKUClr7Klt
zc3o=UMEPmv(vl9!S_)$+x=3p6PD&lC`8_y37nQ6VU-v(LA4gc+*S#<8<iH>CSI(#>
z)aXwFK+o9bHXs&A6a<-U=yo5y6v~W{!Y|G26T|Ut+4j8kuv!i6v|2dBE8=WI_Qc-5
zP0-Dt@jk`)fTu$+Zqk|WOqtA&mjpL<#($cH$$M(}6L}!kC&3OB$?cm+BUXP+;xuex
zbq|nFM1He!L;!+}$`@O#ve7Jz3ll$ARqAE{QCj7qmtJ^gh$hwq-_d@2RsNsr%S0fW
z=LqRwZzah_LGTK4Lgqt8WLd%Iqox*=x-#M26g^qPuR%S=>Iapo>xS;62f2Z6N0yH@
zX=`%o%S#l7+;b}&xpEj)3tDiS8AYJD4)~i$Tyto1C(cty=|~RTz;;`zVzCN`=3x`C
zNt^8nwpVPa4bZ}XWZ7an+Us&!MaU1chlNwBb=fX)o>r64KcES4h&;<Zfo#Uyd-k3-
zHhSeSNke{aC!g{Y?n|Y(tfSk1#pYDCor?a+cdcvbZS#_Wwl@^1e?`^IM0lKME|Y?e
zch%cUn`o~k>c3!2`&WlA*qOgltD+B>oju@%(P5w~ZRPvjj~wUcP?j=EX9QCh{}~-F
z459be`h&kzl!^PZ9;cp%8dsr8_XzopDiZi^>b5N{P!4T+6|{FNQCgZIEf30dRZhPf
zr_ab>0Vg%+RgIEvd_Ohr7g7rg<~VHQn|Q~V?|yR$94db0U^Tx)M=#y8$(8_olh0b8
z7!kZ@UXsZw@3dsq2egXyMTx?^Dh8!R&l)u!5*KAxD)Xo3dDwZ0V~^N}$)BDM5(eq2
zKXtp2tMKY|O2I7|GNy`V{;06uPEoYq)co?N>paG%W%hbMuxoDn%<x?k)7#iNQ%iMZ
z`V~bu?2q@+w@8ToYurl5!4(y-h}1~@(YA%Rq?0$pLBIbY<gM)EP$*^3FT2YEb<BuJ
z<^_aMXBwoE?ZQt42@)o6u0RK4juNbxZ6dtzYm}AQmwE21o^SRYJAFW*05OzImx$!W
zX&TCt^W8>9jlH|MC8pKiwTC#Ii645W>RE(ui($_wj}m9|QAyo7)%*kGMyheWoCnZg
z1js|>!c~I)Ouv+z)&3*<hNLT<>Gv+cZ`2KZ5_fOAFG%JPZ#ylOI+>3q=rPSGxyj`D
zNU|3VwmA1lzm#o9eY~2aZ%OW*Ws8+4a>ualrTZd2(G*MfAZV#bJvfzZ>+j)(uAy2A
zmpS$RkTdT_=DP{<ZmtHVN3ALNecIA$`2-`47H2a?Sy$!M@_vdmwC>1Ra|*~jEqCJW
z4L(T0&y$9rY|lo2$h9iHz|l2_HIKZNl$3m3vfaN#vF|6Oj#@5#^<07+!v=mId0~iB
zM)EOgnXNeRUw~10z;dr3a1J;soF<mY<A<BXIUKg*d(x8s;DCy~T%Mti@|UI8Xv>2R
z(i=k73|zLZ?~`9?irHzStLgVVEV@>ki)V~{ZapM2v>D2NM_$&m$dOfy@aPBq>16n(
z6;%NJ6v0aM{$wDjI(iKZ@{G-&_b%2>{b5a)ke@N`CDqM_bFV+W$w|A9Jay>nL~lE$
z;jdv??O<U~VF)<fjs_cYss7QIMmZ<*k5srRLP~F$?Wpsr`loeQ124m2uYOBRno$re
zKT^wNg<-GT?zpboltPjNqFQxgoO>cN(b2)s_Lkx%lpaa?=9M+$_*X+jAUVax0?7#(
zW(<L*H??IiOo=?RERw<pc@O>%4wkj|nj%Jt^2vCG$qQgNpQ0q550I-NWC$VI)qWYi
zi)`==Wg^h|_wzuKsbxBnzN23_uz&g~_|B1*a@V5nmDFb7l{<cOB7<-m!+*^2X~#=%
z0JCWaz<RbHs-7hgqgCc}?UP+TiR3YighY9~@-}L%{>-Z9YHY?yO;N#n<%kr^V5vPr
zhy1S}2)wk;@vWL~HoG@wEVliKpQuDuj3NyHv*xVIo-pWZc}r%IIK;7Qnoj;;bT2gE
z`Ni^AzMklqjE@v;hFU05YTc@FsHx&L>LSjPo1Xs1b8#BAE}O~h2dwsYDkj|m;AJt(
z@85Nkw`S`<Tup*!#~^#M1oz0`jgnVYvxhNpKH$B7g7hmte26pqzccli_Gd<ll6)^`
zDD$&;>|*2FWhDs=4l#x*ragDZN)rsiWbExGCwS&z{7l{3Z!4er$4MEC^#FT|%sqP%
z^i#6HjKdbRoMg_w!6t!Ajib#};*Y{}|G~8=Z@sM~4^G7dRmo~0AC0Bb92R9Nv!RXa
z03h-NF~yrf^3UfEw2fiYOl!jA;Bfujofx7h0YjbG>!FTWsM}e-iL;)@wlgc(u-q>H
zCZp|VN^ydPm;0|89k}M##!fxQRRfpLZ8koYxss0po-L6S^qS!$r|kAVPL1g7wR7}*
zaqL{4N2|cKUa?To_U${(F|}=u24t3Vz-imar}~Cen3Q*P;2lDZjI`MjR!_`=lC0bp
z-6V$FkNw~>Wj-2DBCLtfF#`-v{1j4?p~8%aJr82b7GfhF<j)R%4M{xVfq|5>Usx9j
znu@|i1>dzL67Q&i$a!9d2~QTw1wS?<`AMg!G4^7n^0)HAnzGjY(KVf;g;Rc?ffaM}
zI0cpTiiWSVFWpFv6T3MLigcEvu1;1MJ}T6aTu6)UqinxU5M#Jw9l=a5cv+yWhRiC@
z443~+<P9Di4w+F3FvB@9hK*Kq<VOu&r_w4GMRdJ_1s79QCq*fcM(h|v8r4>4i}~o3
zyqSrkp_$DuIDAn<@^25f2>7o6zEHXo9_Y8WUUCYVJQ|7!^Hxw_nFetjN6kt!vci&4
z*ke#v@x&<sOo6aupy^Rs)rrVvs`lwui<yX<!u&=&vOz`iy`^JSc&9p>XZ%Kjyir>?
zX}y%-c$~kODTG5O;JG(#!F#w0GKiAIuU%@!|B!k!L&!k(`WNr%cuE`4QM-`5wz|6&
zpdPw6lBrAY^h#(|`bQ_b$9R~P-a#kYY3+K1{)+Xy1WP|so22liki~aes2lzebJWOz
zEXMO=qwO|XaG=|pPBciH%+zbZ@0;4C`IU5v8%!*u6ZX>l#8PtU8#L;I$(dfcyzGuX
zm@8x<+Znv{8&UrHZ@3a*k>$COyE=~bFJvtbQ|L&7JhH^ykjS_zvXIoK+RfTb>Q@zf
z@;aLOx|%u7I$udUwx{<X+$U%3b}kgMMruqOw_h(!56b9plvzP)QU`FAm@@z;yC~hf
zHpb@`{?fo7AwR?KP?Bt!76x$wtyHQ<cV3e_zJE<=jf7X+iks>N%wApVa1@xJ(OR!f
z`%12tkBQ_x?-UsID-4SwkeiTJl2GBHs_lnWCH;HzxV_f$eT#fF-65i=xM33=&f^qa
z?Mn@+JCAZPGab!$Dyko{r1$t9lnN>?MtBoN`l0e+Fx0!Z&|W6&AtuCCUx6r>eP;Nt
zb`&m-pA#LY+yx&{e!`Q?L7lKW0=Uja;}2aSUm!yyRZfYlqHHy0d+38`h`(k8mr=MS
z{kom6XgS^vHpr#L$m~++D60`V)4wjLh!@WjZ>EVNZk3aZtUR@9d>0p&si1Qb(&Dgl
zQtsPDYCLH!bais4AzbxTZ}YcD#rL3hC1}FojC>``PUIud>27DRo_EURh-v%Lr<6Z*
zVo;|P@-E@^Zbb-&TabM1!CIWn!Bvb|(n?hLYKA0-f6GtE<6EdTvSf^!&v8v%@Ta|w
z%`T^)$EnOp7VQ^WQ$g&qn)$cZcR|uRIxd9U8VWH3r6jKWczbeUvoPl(oL4ujR;hyP
z5`hGYNFfTqUX2$4Cw1BZ-z#q4yk?*5o6p%19Dy0ul>K*q<W&O+-YjAf0qnBM?50?(
zFXZH9TiD|TF|0qZ+|9tLv3q;ay~vle$IojIuq|B3Wfa<+TUeC1&_VjW>X#E2i4fTo
zR05LFh6!2V3mHFWb3s$>l-hOMmlf=AeLaG4j7%y3U8J{~dn}CUW4@K(-TZG(UAAjk
zn52`HJO`X9Hn-Ce<>QrF2YjrlI0N&s=BN=)Vme8^^yFUZ-MPF~_XK_<Ko%06vA{%f
zD!IYPY@s(s!pQeeo$8y2<EEA!P95xMY$uZ-wRdo<U+^|!Q2mfy%oxvUX8_l;ax~b9
zzyBFnx+OfqnQM|6hn9aJ!U;!x&~&qNPXgVN8f7FVNX|bkrB5TksdOmgEUvpq2;_hc
zjWO8KIMb-Uww*XKEjb4jhE&@#85o7l)<UkfJ6jWbk`61f9q0OY$8UaIva%~Rq3gt;
zZgkg`&j`NP{?m|Q&m|STLHpf|)~ST-cw!#V(+@2qNR-#iyZzix`Y{|zpjurqo%1tM
zk|r1@m-fhx=2qI>0)t!_b9$JOu2|BF@A+4&mdBy5ds68qBRSd+5Z;_|tjTS{?xLi+
z6pd7YJPm*L(;bM2@}C`;<9@}<HRd&ngdgjqol&irI#h;G6`8<upoDCJEby$A5HSU?
z@RG?+1iwN2SEihrdFzeB=NuxW6211ORR6_}?cn56ca;9ZCW!wJ&ad0vBR;44#s1lj
zqN!W`iTJtIpP}qZyACpHG<GF`dMQmCDo1GZF7$5Rcura<4$YGAB%$=RLOE@VgW)$h
zWW=aXu5wKW=>x5}Epk^<X*JuEanU%yr~PM?wGxS#xjnIx0djF!ET(=-UHIA5T?R>b
zB3dIZ#6hH}X{BIQ>2zZIlLNmGGy5m2<X6sp7uHzJu#}j9U8Ya9!~`pcb{8}%HdAwZ
z(ub-%6@La=F?Va5cI-iBZ{;~)(Jz{Rzi~#Ln6<TbH5Ilt${5ozbsI`L++AG){c#75
zuFLT|ve8|HW~iqG_}Na_*`}K9$jnULbMd3t@^KTadeSz+7D-luPG@-Cx}I$oy4*4}
zFMD1qnJ{{}IDFH4<EAKk26=@zGGp<|&74H_-3yU98l8!;qOA`ct0p%7Wxwk1R_-Kj
zGu3Yb9BCNq+j9=fYaL`lj>T>PwWI~d&ZVm)DQ5_nN@)Ss%Yov9+n%vur1-qPFM1uL
zl5ZB^*P++OQM@|AVbY}f+PboK9A!7Nrlq47tSsMd+?j0id)KNfSt#4)SmN+2-GXIp
zsz(4tq?Xkkn@#W2*AMN^E?jgdk>&UlN;_IjBs&kEI_HB-{xwl@)|~<2S<7S+XO+SR
z;0!I3c1=)db60YanAE{T1+`AUz&sjhJBbHpQSn$`PmJQ98fj3n{#T#C$d!~vw}ypJ
zMho?W&I3=2%IYC9H_r~5tUXmwKf-D{s#l5mzOHY&xF3DkhcwAUYVc2JUnS<KrQAK1
z@0a`d>h)tH@G8LNPijDoCa$bpV~UU;eW~s1EbH&iuHvk?n|uAFP!^8!6yu7S?N^#b
z1h_srk&yr3On6TU$7DHUHA;?tNeYIn9SJQs_UF)GA320^!aE0U?r14js0VY<d!B5>
z%nSaAepJ=tuhG>wQ@Atuc{_`1*Wj_#eq`uV@KQ0IF-P_LYnKM#FO<mBy2aAlx?l~}
z)VHHeXrYiI;pinb-;NEVxP~J=S{G03^~xz@B+(V0anJTV9cjH?sKvS}bnKIvGuVHX
zBv-90<9t_WZif@_%F8(W63m5F=<Ea1HCGL{Y>vLZof)uw9)&v|Dz=SQgRG;3RaMsG
zML#pmYkc&kVTcBT3A^DKOM`cfBpqM^lbUblKC<n-HQglYEK#xhu1G8{%`1$Y%tbeb
zYy+A|n7eI!i^$o%A6YH)GQL!8uXNXixOK*c)f^hs@AsZ_q(hc&X0%Io6t;8taxcAc
zam&Rcnf_^Va#-?E4ksI-vHHNb+-Z`KPzj)r6{Lqm)6@Yarg**fZJ(Kaj;k0+Bhzg|
zshQF;Ise=skFdKBvHO&eOW@PQrbyESET$7BHb<)0xVw}%A$ijmH-)3&udWtK%>62;
z?PgI~R#yal_*CZcaX=F!M;mFP^QE+fR~){ikx_z`&h5a2e5H1c@z<zbWM*a64_;n#
zjQ4`XI^;?~Rmt*t<D!$eH?Hkb<+5|t<_cp#vR+$xhsHUcxcnaIxQrkD2yy=AxUcrg
z)M_FjK0tyTw`XyLSj%-p)B&_u3wNwLr)A%MiN`4ZvOGdoUh>2YW+TlUdV1yAlJxm%
z@V3R;eX02-!z}TbKzVKtb2<H;{%MaD)}<yo5hMn-j(t8euZM!8$Y;)3?JF1WiM{Q>
z#7rM@i49!vypT}S=igRJwTzJ8G96giW>_G9!xxmXH4!weW0weoOT()~RxAm4Yl36k
zZWk5bDdv$09m{w#lZe5uf~*nHN?le4UU~k5Qzn-6>3L#8^_v1&-@sJUwWsE~s}TiT
z48nj7pHJ8p96|x9^_!J!Xc?Q`LUOsKqS0b!V>$FxfXki|Bg$QUOL8HBoQHu=XKWpg
z7+o0cpJfMp)Hl2jBx-2qWxZ7v`yJQ?)yS>&%_a!()b-S8lJHjZxa)>KQvRzNN)8(k
zL-z23nzhM<_1c(P5BrJX_}LpxO!RY<@n>M7ZCOKnoRsdj{xB6)*7iv!36a+iS>_3`
zw3Y`Q|CNP8jQl@Ub3dU<L}v6{7KlmVJ2Hmo9`Q`SqG*}A$^R1VtCHw#`Qs{XtxKKY
zy4_1-EyXbxr>jCe)66Dz1>ci?i5*iPN#jr<p&1QtKp9UI^X6hZqOSkteAeC+@2Lme
zmL@dsK`jZ)NSsJ}P75i>h~4Y)TU!xIaZmw1=IKFk=k>>66&A4<olgAXa52siQW!i>
zINfHeO(m1U;zAGMP)hDfc{+ksS=35b{%uA6IfA^WEGjKP0tBji`^a}H-vCS|ldq7S
zBU7DGR}{_3`5$Fv+Nac@HC#C}0&@lFD*EEqR()Hx7zV@@iSXxO@q$K&PyEdY?^-cd
zieSv=Tjw%IcVa9^!{OKDfC{<R+FIU<PlRdAUj{>qQ@-zlXgA)XMqwK%IsA{}Lg3T9
z41zblrGs+W)P8e{Tf`P(AFtn>8&vdnZp7+h+_7Q<C^MDxZCDaV0BC0y`0mOM2~GUi
z+Sf-EU#1+<;(iU`KZw8-#jLSHTxYWA{!Q|VhdtMdYyOsg^vN@g+p9aplGV||kYMP=
zM!4Zs!}LdXb>>yT+R(0!M*&HkCDQc-dDu-fm$~cXWnps$vSRohKOu=H@zn9FHnU>s
z&zT9&%bXBx(0=aDow`^)U<}BoUv`{0c&%&IdDp_U$p3&Nm_YojsXW#yOHQbDE9ON*
zsc||Lg)fr>`D|EXTeMdF$qvClr;gl}iA8jreBf<P*SMHlpW=(SgZb!1Ja0X=TlrGf
z@@gCh2ro*iWeH&|bJA0vA@)^9aB_i^sU<>7D0Zgw>6ketIjIQv7DOelsFS9~R?45Z
zNZ`DB<hmfGcHjnkPz8>>DR{#;jVR~_Yso|5wrl!{CD7p+dCQ!dCtaC2y_OvHT_-)^
zZ%rDTlOqny9VsZQS_OEAtWiql>T|tGb2WuwzrQUe*}%TQ(j`Sisc`q~!_|4>r=0KR
zJ|iB1%8r6pgFu%1mD2I1+ikb~@v?vJ6qx^G@K$PYFb=qjZK}hilEu;kx@68WJ8z`v
zH%u8T3JwV0?~S8~>2@`Y@%&M`$wDo+mN?64?}Z4H*L#EKAG@SK3`yE>VTJG4INe=T
z)2X*zm9^m48wiO_`25L8AveP08ZHiI;piJ<mGWZm1d{)fDcLpchCkXkz;WD7a|*^f
z5V!5fo9l{f=if$M@YLhT(XQpl@l>|%CO*Yx`SUp*cmuPDuY7W+3Bc7XMVZViZ0i38
zzbxcGeFJ`vh+U(+>B-!xt(MZb4|Ge|mII}@#`oOB1p>68QmOPz)FkEaDd!jLb!n^|
zrJm{mHm9*sbm6;;(H?JIz|wNx?N7O|aywl-MLR`+(~IEj{HDTTSn0nC<Tv@hMPdQu
z6dT*x`nnCjCudVYeInS0xjDP$z9$9OyVzL&ucog6i{km?rc=745s?l-QW|NbyOHLQ
zl&&SETUxs75Tv^s>F(~3&hy>h|9#)*x#w<gW_EUWZf|GiJD<1#Meet@#a}eDUx#~n
z`A>1;3;Mu0Hh4akPx!;ZVKPp@cfuPHl$Td&48Q6dPxX<Bj>!iODmhLo*y;8Cjz=~V
zCpSK!Y94Tkv$eA9p6$h?qYyTLViwa@7}}$M;A{A@-=XB9V!;weYQi6Z-S<w23dtFl
zVYF=B!yfSVYfJN^v9t!dX8nmnnLomI>Tc7^b{YE7TWo4;<3)bY{q-`C6fPY4vf)qZ
z%dx<+@AQksTW<%*6da@Gqvjxgw>A2z32rr#Jo#C_DQH=~S9(kk)@&w^iD>is4kN*S
zEh6_ztH0~7QZ1x-C#U{^6l}a8DukapbEZ`^GmxS<cPUgSM0s`&RgGw~pOm7#^~t+l
zWSyTs6i3LCp1FG#==x9V)$>2k^K}HPZ<~klbMfY<7DizLm@P+|eNX`}h<qAhG+!SL
z%Dh8aQ_5HN)_^>-<zZ(L=5QWe(Z9nPo+L<2xU|}FjuIRP+$)7$@Io|yzkv$M(c{eD
zXjCoURVU4_=^M}XSCamM(Bk8MKapC_G^UR9vc@b@VK|R4ePctR>JV0biK&r*R&e)&
z>d|&kE7loAcYDFB@Z;$+3@#z97njU2FhX*hqbSHhleuNGQu<26goD&_S0;Hvk52pP
zVgK-W(aV{n`<O@>c=J*6{!PH;k?}>sJvtdw<DRFl)02zr31)qtr%WuF(SbIh&8xu~
z{fh>%KFN~qNP#TKZ<kP3Mkpo0hI;Lzn@ZIJhoK4Jf#5x+|7Fh_yH8kTc#FF{4q0P;
zf{}udM#EjRn_xvGJu}xj&fi<^tb|#LK)pv?)kJVifI#fTW8R({WV>l$N=Bew(5U0a
z9mzeG|9-nP+!HV{?^4R+p)893QrmCeg@-keVrRKOI9I)8WupRd6+#Y?4opo$npjwa
z+OGi2k|th|BBW`P?!@8Zk<+}ToXH(3Myf7DZD^j3gfQ1dp}7WW*;#H#g*ZuG#YpF>
z@|USl_TQz~zOG5GyzLNfi>DG+W=Un*-v<8he7VtNw~hA@E(YJC{S^3|a)I6)H%2WO
zd3p<6{Cf&G-dwYT6rmv=E_<}j`qKfW<7t4D5kw;(+>*4hrEd%d=`T!6X&el@8!Wbj
zFeIS<^mo=j{w!&RU`ecIx2W`aF8rC!W>m#7G<MGVq2S?_;8&4!D8d#SZVkpnH}L@F
zPIl4nu9~G<lZ)-Dv$Yz_u<^(dwl@iD^t^4xul>Geh>=CQX`3$e+H*K78dE<cWcLD~
z`)cU(;qu?vzdR{#I*7^|Kj|ue{a%c-lGI`_(M9BI-r!ia%M);|c|U9|AoC6Rltx?d
z&*r+p*KvtUtj2O`KIZ)SN^(bORoeF~MH751G19pyZlCckRdgc0vLEWL)K@L*)jK<J
zgptzn5i@hxj~r_{0F>VB>rw{P!}0CF+u~VGhdUY{^qchfpl?1MtI8D<x?ySKFn-k(
zgYb;skSAogr$2VS*maWr4SO;Nl|q~qp_96uevp_h<!yddn)ZU&vixrnhvgqZj>qAX
zwXYaKIKIE!3ipjFMX6$O2-ZHENlsm(o5rk=S-4$(9?3w6zO(}91(l_tZqEvMVkxSG
zI(Sxq(Uy5bRmF<@wDOBR<%}>H0v4y|y4!|ZZMev?$cEmfbS<M?{LJbg7I(+nsVPOF
zwI@5{5SKE|>o?0Y&OU?r6ZL!d+UoK`HHrhBnL*Ji%rs5Y$Cc2eN59WG45KLg*ySXs
zfU-&6T&2b@xds$%#lvrVqgue52b23kA=KOX(#ZVHzSprMSYJv_(0TF+@gxHIf6%fA
zNC#H_(x%_L`rVIL=Qed@8I$q7V}k~EkoQWKBv@9ondvkze}st2A%mUdtwM3DhasB<
zi^YoK58Ex?91Fjk2*$-JE`&e@Sur^G07Y}=s?Qn}tjUjuul%y3lgB846RG|PHp|m(
z{g%a#lfsZFO~`D;{GPdAd=~me4HW_@(%giOcV5jmCx)?OPmlZZwmAvoO@-qvdxSP4
zY!neBX;!B?oiibn`UYlWhO*Zd9(lo>>g5C`$|aiXeVU&9L~K@;M@8~3?Xj^_lQr~?
z)5wCmc6cON%P+1A#wE>wk(;_{591Ywb@+swy`Zfi$6FST9?s{E%g&l7fvIc`GglR~
z8C*8V`1!19Ir2+}o?({m;gy#kyNfp$ffLnnG^sDjFD{U4Zr+b+I!I5A=%IhBm92bK
zP!h>{|2@!XeXUZ;;!6{_CX6<t6?uBb1a^j*V+|Cdi2I9<Bf)@Oax}USUm*N76=BDi
z8IYboZ!G(xZ#P@eA!Ss!{)K1HD~lI(6frFFS7cjgsOy84dm*F<Aked4`a^Ts<f(H)
ztLX@E$~DjkOv0?FpZjj-I)<w{g#)9*r}UW>!^uLZu9ApV)he}#<ohfX>_}Jn@E)_o
zf=C1EYeaD)mjK(j9rFzr?5xNf#2$PC%lL=H+u6^Jh71&4VY!8S$aN0kgOBATbP7of
z8SxLXgYlhi*ux#nr<<1RgJJdCf0#Q6SU7}#GuZ6MeQ5CWcSdXu+8g*=Rjbu7TnwH?
z%dYx{u}MX1`OLf!%@Do}n4?Wf04i%N1r<R*x2u%_EOGK@#7Hp)OxXvze&=!R8I`3K
zyDTEzZc%(1A0DL#iibA>$<$2+lWaI<PsuFJe*ZF@#AUbZ>ZorcMxp((Re%BaR;vMP
zKwUSxq&h#XdU4XI%YTJqQGfAWLl*8AZNZwxp`BM3pg~dlq~Tr<%oIdPRT{_l|ATuc
z8mvJDWJkgz0JI9B@|pG3iBV}?N;TeBXA)(B=yV5gRSqGs;S-OxatX(;RXga_|GMGG
zz{_64QUazmzg?P2WkfL&+EZ?K92GWym&_Ee{20rmIK|E^IBru(RQ|asrE_>qyL-}!
z{NTm>#;B4>3ju9QL_=(?$N4^^b&f;dV?cWtK>mKZt#Eu6vGgJkN~o^P?NsI=fuA?u
z)Ycy1;u7`lPe!RZ?T53qf`H9mRBzV{H9Ti+ljR#i)}>IhUdOwPYW^9A8)tYju-pV<
zlr|Ujsf)c%43%)`<q$3U9G@HXGfS}xY4>;14B<5|`d=H3ywujdr(>rJL2_o#{h{+h
z1YkPXd8EQDngu!BItH&-6$&<7b%J%PQJ2s7FPi<1F|J6BbDcI?y3LbC_I~5YRw+zB
zCYT3M6tK%!VcqVDS_tcpCt2{eyxxP7J!Xr5<ZcJVO>fxWGT`}lc=JXhWk&g$xykm9
zLCq-;?IO~?G&I!XV+CKQe)em_7PD;$uo|ixU8=HQd6Qc05~WjVJx~xijfjGxMhcHA
z!KRdiD!&0YReja)K^Amy{rIK7sjn&ar(rg@P9_*|Cd6v%;xC|<rsJf<E`;+J+b?}C
zqe{V7woZT)g_~rF_iSdlKE-1^vf96)CiZ<InKAPh+o$6AYi$F(LObZ^NAxaYp#KVo
zm|XT+Ggn1RHkQ^mR8LUag{9Nh-h~#!{7$w*ewHCyTwht0iM@)zhpl!Ry<jc=(}*EO
zj3j>^0$;vcL_;nnF;xI4E=pt>{u<I=Ef(#LkF0PW9cOSK9a9%<rS8e!$+pRt`|<te
z*4e&{d3yujDa!ZbckP@f+%%@>0PMtAnPgFQmTkY}S%`VybDeN;rn1I7E$_3aol8~t
zDD0~w3pI##?tU*g?rR)MR_i#zcR3KcCB&>Bn4~{V6CFy)j5XLe>GxJKN-%?C@BP+3
zD0sv$@(FjH#o#vkm)fP&eSaPcCT|({{qhNTl5a`Os%*9uvw4+w*?aGS1=}M+dRbaN
zvvy^hJV~~CnL855v&^lgJT0ZtUXhOcKezzDbi*v}i{kK>viNssW&`4jD)N;|i^j3R
z8o`p!GWDquy338)cB*R--6!9`92TlgF#?JrQZ3Dy(iyk8z~8cb$ZO~4oD-mqcZ5HS
zHhRN01LWQ}iFZmKn#Tr^e`o&6>ZvJdLg`v`sWuKoq?qQ17i3TnEvrCYrQAtLrT!Jk
zRYH)Z!ziV@$U{3_H8f%Tf!lQ=TsNbjtqKm6uBF5$B4Zwrx~B@;G`ey=10O{dtqc_%
z{(dQZE+oE-owBj9H#PNG$~L1IBv!_Zp<a}?>^1d2_CD037}NteA55r*OHqzEyc=e<
z8ZqEcN~kWgwrrw0((Kr}<9?nEn=Rz1*Q0{giHH?be7>c$6$t@9MT`<9$3&1RE0|Ne
zyKH}B;s;2L4K?J|dXZL&FKuPVo%EY6WLwY#b0TK;^$DcT_4!?(*3KD3Bj<;mL?xP_
zvUBSQAL493G3Noi*d(4yY=wGwChP5xsL8LQy8@?{JPYP%I5w7|if+8Ay|-tgiu$kh
ziM+eGIrGX~%_QnUsL1ylr%vpp6N`2Q&ZoTDapOcQw>{p36DqtGp5+ad+EL5p>?s=`
z5w1bc>PN=o=eE{yvdN!=jK9K3>U&>Yc=*z#uQ_Te#+(7c62H@%yXY~Rz-pU4&ZkjD
zl{YiSpZaHgdy?zOt{#~~kR@fY2AfXHS1zZTLs|bya=e9K{S!v&%rT%>J{VuQ5@Iwh
zJ2I128}L<x_vJ@E@waAac5g)<RY7OUlu`~f63_dXz@+%X)HN-Ji)iFmgOTG#UFt}l
zx(Q)UD!;RUPq7uVk}mXCrM7ukUy+T;SSuEVDnQ-TvG#-O^c8USRiL${l=n3LAnS5d
z=f%&t*&ii^fHvW%NnF9vq4(@Ne!<>icN}bfojo15g(sqVbt#<(+wwc8EIXceg6bR1
zeY3RFNC<W<53AF0)28CVSJgY(Vkv>Ej5|f>^qmDw>9ZYkF$2+f-v&TSi<Z3t<*co%
zRK?-gDmwM;8nc$h_)O(yGUcGqvbNRjkpP~uiUIsW2NmK<LseusWe)wdidZ@lkCnp4
zg_)_vg4EW!yMi~U(6Vyo_gEX4H%i4B^!I;1|BA+!cJvPzWixhH0l|32u#J}=OSE}q
z>=8f?`~eZft;Ru|ZXOSRRVJDFAKV?XuH`XWAu$~8k%qz-C2b5N)h=u#cUO)_ssHec
z$2T00n*VJ~K=X(Eevt0b;HcC$mIE*1YUF}hG&izLM@MQ+G~=8!53SN{Vf(FG$vB#0
zYj4MbAe2aDU12Yq63{Z}c6oZPUfBphe@;adImeK+r?VL*TOHKY0KX+vmXSW!)L?PM
zeBQB>KhQ+D^!FRB`v}N$rtW8+97;}Ld9JB86k{tqEIS$*$>SzY__}D&`s>VW+_7v8
zc>MM(kx`Oo^&TZfmf1;oHMa3weR<>{*Y#&O9zNQ{P=|IkLZ@TFY?|-f+X*|spfB~z
zR8D9Na@Ur{IWd0v^jut0bl7n?{ukpE3@m`JUZ!$wy_&4=-~Hq*$EXH3@#?yC`4&nk
z(CTcqZtP3KN)w}Mei2_0ixoV&lxgchTk4^~%?zc}uJ+L02S-}$u`SrL+9{uQR=+WO
zk3XyO;%7X=FP~O^&(oA7rvfC1e5tWZw)K`-PO&!mtKKs8`Cizp?UU-ls7LH(qkD%(
z>KfM0<WV_Z#A#eofUm<L(SQRl@pXjrgCBg1rOOMWd9Iw5si1$wb5_>9+fu)5qrH%=
zQw?XLbQ1Au1tb36^`2T)JRWLnm{wBTynVN8IcLDHQ$mX1i;AG<4*;P3(NsOEMh`tf
zN(k;_L_VS^+;*?qyu`O3<_{R=B@9Zh3NT(VxTt2CEWBupcA_P(s2uw77RDjJ>Tq}4
zy(Vi%l9n;ED|+@Nl+%!_@1GMopfPZ2_>$ic&NEp~Qd+}bS3xe}o1`YTU3jlix|V)y
z_u74iP>p-K*0})1WgZ~4hOCMiPESCZ;KH|WHLtqXDX%By75z|!I~F)7(1u89cT)`>
z4_gB#YgM5Ef2L3^FyJ>pTdyT6R-m*W)bFWpTF#(*%#2I2Fhgq%?k_7rURWULbf4AY
z*SvqI`8ywbt4`{sPD)|#LKUH5yjNiB+gq;pT3B8_q3LgZA8@Z7Tc1Mz`dYlHrNhqU
zk~>sArz7;BaK!drN{x;NOR%Q8rlc+OBVkPY5u=L0^y};~Z&0qTkW6^$)Xbc2trUN_
zHf1{e1d1pB?89<B9Z856ixqx0*Afe-C?GNTD_lL4YFfjJqOER9uJJI3kjo~ZciLC<
zo#|T4SM2<0c>qos$4(caJfBL^==%>b`aRV`TDiCmv@JnjmxP{Wz3#b!V#9=nFQ6_9
z-Pjj+G`Okq`dP0)v2A4<jfm1;FG+NXJ>tu%_TzT%-}WsU8oHiBiw`)|brd<bdKL{x
zqe^tv^~xaZ%o>!(eoJEz8;3|LPeR<+{%GKQd)TRe8gSIX;EvFVgp)Nw&1B)HC6r+O
z{C%r@WEI5^vr9i5Icx{5giJI?GmJ>{Zh3||j8$L4R=`!ueo9e*1vkds_*19e55#Vg
z`tEex87tFDEz{3`;n%e{*fdP^-=Lbb8P>jo7?i9PEv-izbFUE@htK%(Xm$L|Z@&@H
zOO@FsN&yJ1udT>EgX6t5^NH1DdR@vw)Zds@<wa8{*3a$vr8`SV(GvGkH$x^P&2lK*
zCe?7OgFpJSY0>i!goV`6k7#bezo9$s#Gq5Dun2par8QjJN)S{EEIJ=uo>VDEsb6us
zW-TjY<)%#PoAsO+_iIl-Dxv8}b8^bzA-Q?9u?FZg@uholm@1DxMo_d#@Jxx4`x0)b
z@#|pI2e7+vt{9yNVA+1u-Ah@w6T!>LO(3)_6vY$7Qpo;r5Hv#Bs>tjrn0h8$^nE(u
z?D$h_f){hb^}FR6me2X$i@qDKH@ace<QRKst;_UB2seGB`2p(lg^CG|vFK_l<&>Rl
z#3TZbmOeT3!}PC}$~t^Q7mccL5J@mZIjG(TrS19B|DZI$xlk?*aXL0k-Jk1jykl!}
zpN^l@n=2|QC08cv7q(XcmVtqnB<i_hA<odhpbD(j?ddaDYl^yM^KFI0u{!t!!`X%n
zZ_hb<niW@$gOK>;;u)cq48c&c)7i)uGvEU(OLSYbCjYVB;YA4O2P~)|t0MWA2V;5j
z&^A**XB>R&M&6HuoH{eUEH1AC(VE!WM^LnTGDEv$Rp%ev>=h1dR`e-*QT;{#11wn-
zwtuU7yRKZKEN#11bQAxg&H4}SG|tN$HcWG*OTAP4-#Jp-T|dTnr@NQ5Spk6R;D1x0
z*eB+W8Rw26WpIDB3tt2;GWWvB@DEco4!cZll)(o~#z(qBLLu`t$|pJ79mB(y;zZ9A
zLSvWqcJtd_g|b;b$ii67M`M&qz@;{b#Q;s^f3ENRPZn1>h$5Yb_BT*E29pJqv7oTh
z_y6FKf!HS|4;^P4K-=gyP^Jh2$C=c(8h}Q|a}ro6zk3xy@#E1LtW@-Y<=J(8mZ1Tx
z_V8XmN3PINH+vR@(9-}!?l(39UH{;SsO?upa_KXVSoj`WfH)vb8_;(6uNR7KaM+Ac
zd}E+!8B^i8-S8J9`>5w9&MBd9i!(a6$Gn#NjYT~W*HNntfZgen`)$=J`0K>UuBnYK
zT(V-DrPwg`)Oy*x67q?P^4NcPfNt%0xY(P8zSV|7WnfFn5ZICedC7P*>u_Vt!lghw
zA=jD2+Ql{5R9!=)PPT-;S{;uxy%_OB6Z+{J+ZcNB?G%O*Hij3M7=Cqc?c14{M&(yb
z9l+*Goe1Af2mF`}0ba^lmdtg$n$ue$Bjs({L|6^TA^7kQuICBTF)u*D>hFtqJGtqY
z9xeL04**6T{sT><K3cvq35osGe==}d2viKZyjIt*O`^8@<{I8rvmw9w^uxE-<ILto
z!uI)1S3n@orS?3qY_KW{-*)06Quf&u@QLviG2T*MHt_0~&Tym?Nf8H+(e%uz2n2I^
z8G}IIBITm|M{Py$HZ(52oe-^197hp9Fc-Cxx$%qzgM^iF{~Z8$Mc>i=8kRO4`pWwJ
zsm`LWPuUG^AXkdzMbCR-qpiig>J%!hWNY(%ea(gN*<t)Ix<Lngcy)CFU|5NNhYR<1
zQMZX-5pN~M;$&Z1SVo}HH0OF)q)Q`_PjG~;i@3G5+i$q}ft}@ufg&|1PqulgACc@=
z+j-|S*T~kZq21q4gIIk}QU<yqF*$S1CG=3X_blW_?}Wax%H*Z$FL&CvR+W^YA(@}t
zDb=5pGa_nEPpXZidC>f>074-L-8+bjhI^RzKS11a_(j$`WvXpe`kdPd6t^!_=3n^@
zCO<@{3k$mlox9@r61+E%@;fhUX1Wllx<W<2ka}9T<4c0=li$IX)To_B*Pd)zt9^dj
z-w}<%Y-dgZ9PyuVuc|W)45sEpc?2i|Uo=)qh7TLp)gdb11wJ630)}gmnw7%X?xoor
zZML{}N84VMl>^yi+>i3E7YTOaW+pn9yIR5BTmRtrL46MKIDOjnu*vu9J}Gsr4DuCQ
z)7fi}hkxnbH@x{o-__=7TixE(6REPi!pBGdIKe5XH$Ri5`2~Fo_D7?i)tbZ;IrXY!
z5a$C@xN@kpNO~zPGO*Y=3CUGJP$b-bkhrAu#3&VR#vcAQ_%^LLlp_Nn@th;1P1B&e
zUi~hV{YV*G3qN(TK6Fdj-Gc8I?$GNMrKo}1IX9It=3NY8hS1u19jA}!zu)MuM;xA%
zF(#;Q5K{~l{m$Xnwc<n!uM?9=^j~T#ib*{xI^D9L)~1PhtOL|p?3DsR_I_sFjJLL?
zcy^q*UA_{bq<8b96godf+llxI&v@^dmq>pQjUx|DKrUguS}-R~(_ehKeA3CUa9|`z
z>fi(Y=d-BlU`$_w+ehYnF4Kx<9}lA3H+DLhD~Zq_PN7V9yA95<%i0F7QQO>Kz)_Ao
zN#ut@%f;H$8Q{WD(fJb#5iRc$)=;Hu1l^qqj;3BpoQLa&K-m?-$LrG9Qx6&UHnvX1
z$I;&lmNHsQO5$og`k!`0*tMqRITA^Dnkbv+N%J=v%vLoySRCPHY-VPX{OeUa;WfBQ
zCVga@OKTomh_5ehHKA}*{xlC&y}^`A>ANvJe09sUM*xIOQ?ms(zdb3jRI*w6RcK2H
zzv&M_r%#^o!dsw`f<amuzKw6>LPvd|)Qz38U+sp`r%P8x;!XP<H!Mb+8F~jNgu6@|
z{gSq_O6HhHrwPR?i$D9OXP{#}gmls)TN7#Uv`1M=Od*>%Np&=B$FP_|in#35eP$BL
zU}k1<0KoHNh?C(ei{Ou-(cBV=2yywyo0V>23i46(C%X&VE#3{HvkDkBIMoJn-b+~&
z;4|P-PkgmG@hKSwSyfnQZB{-NWa>C?gXisY9xk43PoY<v_w!3EjFvTliH2Sz**Fi8
zr$p<VsNe@-?j^cG_q<Wa6)x~!G;Y7!?-6*i4jp{=4b$s*;`yMR=QaY=LyYnU)0_j1
zimo|n2~0X4kFHZE9bHO^<m1)2?n;`VL^JSw&^9U85(Eds#u;rDq?LL5l9C)ud*M1h
zzPWNkF_N}uaXUyI@034-Q^^X1r3As9N9jrvnuFfvIws|MfM9P6g|GzVpwl-4`}K{p
zQk=w1P_SI37%>U7=@ber;Ns)6lXGhzi_})fTVAd&`LkM7aHwf#lgq`|VN<fUT9lK4
z1t|<s1!Ig$(fhTt=tT3y@bB&#Y@jQvbs%at3}G|%TUkr>zKUL%A}&753}vr%=MniQ
z?fxUx1=ayux67Oxf`?Djy1=uPt!5C5P*xfU`4hBF6Q8m6w#6h7`D#M&5bwhfc1<=r
z@MmC<So-%fR&K%3Q(!}`n{TnL&4MRcmf>m=hGf*;3}VBgnrVIYf1>W6N+I2(J)Lc1
zlEW|qnMu|33bSfrz7AKH$1ZBua=VU5&XormRqyhZbvuE0s1n~f5TWS1ZoI6d2-~K<
z3;EWOej`ZTGvQ`u=rA}{+{3ybKnMTKJ=0wCXyXP~oAazkEk>m93AHqdc`>cOo)@-6
z*0(QLo546U{Yr>ksrkUW#AE%>b&$pi{R1*2GhuHi9Kk$<469haNGYMAWE#YOsued*
zIEU_2OMPsL>1xse>|EJvKI$y+G`g!O`kTzJ%+DtgS|h9WoLyw1&5-3`m}VoF#N$($
z=IwPZOqlSl2%_iroezQDKa5J+d@K9kvVfY>-4@6a_OOsjDdrmn&(j$UsJM$sJ=w97
zk|dJ<PyUD{X|)Iq9lRW(Fh$50xeiKiZF%j9vSVatR_gCSw9+f<*6QCqg?*)86L=Aw
z8lCgZb~%!XuIv40=8+9O+570C;}+YbgL^s1Y}utQQyjvoYtkiI1aY%yxj6>4$`%AN
zzfEMmtUt4qtuuCz!j_Kc97Er9rq9K9-(lGV_Xc<b?*H{0<~c4WDAVok)WO6)ia5$w
zAp85pZy3o4Xb!gQXbfrj6IiBaxz&YgdSvY%x8u*Q80w2&V@k%h+Crj7{i9f`CA-%_
zYr-12w6jJ{D4aoU$hwo4=BP6wGt#?m;Wi!RFR?xoudcS^bqvpxl~_7r8@Qh%(;iRG
zX5pugB`xIG)4DZQN=r0&u{MPZzcX4$g!g`84o;*1C1U9e(JhVMHZ~vjeQ}Y%AvH%%
zNgF@m@6_KJO|0I>Wzn=TR~lS`juYwu@)$bU+`OsIxl}?9h7d=E-*nYHa2f$xWa?<|
z2rsMiB4a)9)_YYdM{Trqca%NsiQY~y_g9tNMl^mGKdXC+c2P3}do?}>3_IE+sflos
zUkAQGUSfPisvOMR{oD{z9)<mDsP@)qHs`l=^XE#ua}w%a#&tHN4RV&4$(J96QA1bG
zQrnF}P$>d*ap_m=4u7JPB7PAqD8{}W4*BlGcE~M^QinrlZDyhY5oGlEl_$yF^fAGD
z{ERQJ9Q^`*RlO5R^E=)r$b>)II$oTtKi_&2SkxR9O?=t>%tTChkK`Sk#r?3s8)>%*
zu^oxsq#DK}`NL3+Otmy|kM4BFwws&1O2$S4<`C)od7dFaWfAtpm^gDtWg`MkZQnOh
z*eMNUkxCEJyPjh9R|WYmD*cwPANb^=emCxrSFb4muWN7AsJe?hRi&{p^x1#KG~O3r
zgzUK@JW)In&Q&Gbwl)u~I`ha~afvty^l@B}#b(AnHv#^0{ln48yE2)8@)qtxnkawA
zt^(*~v9ID3q59IJH&?R!|Fft?sUOt-!NEgexg-zH|KM)Nzz6b@^;Om3vjp4t1t&=Q
z?SUC|blP^5bX_PsW9gFviaHFgRIV=^M|k$O2jJp}TF^$yJ(l|oEAU-;1G2QZYWT~W
z5v%}EiTq~#iR3Xxw1?q>NBM@rZ%8zt+{z9Fz#Kms&(N;SPxQg^qZb)2_)eh0pUA;^
z2BP2a;^L}`neY$K`Rk4nDbNll?gN-k{a=xXXJFtN>j_{n9<d)TXFAFM)0+LiT81AE
z1gY=IZ#AL@{YXUvIxHZkzov5S`&Y0;nJ@o$86T81OxMt{o^a=VW`I}OowMb;3r^4_
z8&9Zl*rz=UFcAq%6y>4rVz?liS%UDU3(a%%zPaLp*`T!0!4M6v;-B%s##yTS3IW{y
zm#G3as{r+XO@^rPyz{^PE9;wQJm*uk_<csRGh#Or@5x&B^6%+jD3!i-$c&d&|Ep0+
zf(q>)Tqi_m=U&H4W3J%`a}oLEUK0lO2Lw6wH-Ea_=#w`q)ki?589RZDAUdvk3ASxu
z4}S1jqyDE1#zDCvz{q7Y68AaCIWmKMU2hYOV!XaWY87rerdBMos3hJRx_ma!Jx6v4
zg?s38=c!+tFCQTL9)}ZAKy#Hb!4&DwbXTGVoo9uggMRX{J1w&)OcGqcFrf{Qf!i7#
zS{%V0l|@yUI9Q}Xr&{5V(6rnTwoIRpG|Jn^<c~p3El=$PwjhP#XXix>Z&NeH|ISDs
zw+pUqugxD<@^fwc^wSUYES-2_89%ewVi%N>wV>Zvh(WTp`8fXay%M#Mm$uhHrEmb7
z6|1s@qFj)?OvvqXWb?Dx8dcWPbcA)0;pF=-tLj)pOkqL}Xtd&{N}=&{X(^whfHlG)
zxJW!lPcqDH0O8<Z?sC~ty>rgKW}4?Iw*U2Xpy5|;l${A4<{ixYXo5XB(bPi0`&c_w
zS<VkkTl#wV)}i>8!*-<S+(N)Uj(GVWA7(*F>ikt`&NM)>Q08;ILRS#JU0pY(&hfC8
zR65L?@L|EhFzx)UTZFe4&Dz6<xWFJIO>O21bl%1~Knq{q3rp9ZK`);M59CL`aQ8A?
zg`Mib5vO%-npjt7e9qj6D3T@BH+S13S5}1%t4X{ka};T=&CuX)iyr%&#cF$pcv6I{
zk7|vaej?6G!BUOMnq{<A_L$)o;Vu)wdy05eu}3d}=))$j-@{B?lq#v3b8}U=bJubv
zlKw>uh(q)a<X0(HELKAD)kLmT)fz}1)d~30sY(k|v$13JKNFjunt83fyZkF&+3qN8
zT}Qb@{wQ)@tC)X(G#94B<%N>9bh?Oj(JvY{Ps~G75tA4N@x8MW$-v1gKr(g}%dL$s
zZtwD?5B^sDfWO|%A&HcmFkjO4hC!8YDct@Rc=<s*GzfSOQU=L8a?pX3mwxsW)S~1>
zVU+k%vn3b8Sb$&&f?2X<)0r8m`1Vg%!Q2Ym26HRFHKXO1;qTJ~nn?9Q$wU$xPTWnF
zLdT`|i93YD0=61fX1z0Ta#PSZX41G8KhTuw`egGTSW&;<mDI&X>D*3TQb(W=DB4B=
zUN+JTO8Kgq4c2+`f5qJ52jpoh@5v{T2e4$iArg`+qsr^u;SBxor?ky8T5|cbDbBYM
z{$_sLVhD^yRTOEs8NK_H+MIlBkopEnM)(uIGP21X8QYi5o;hYNi+&RRoN$50=B1Pf
zQo7d2Job<W+d+-SYKxPC{_i{QHl*o+oxco|^4o8nwCeukM}MG>#C2Dx);P6w!je1S
zDY2AZvhO|A48E6PeoKumJgbv@z|O3&h50^+Eb?Wu@O>*IsXUQdk70KV(*+4JlJQ<@
zj2MQAV@^)%6t!4hkX$r^p+($XfPUtO+=mS34>F+<5`OhBKdPh*=+Z8oDLw>k0AlDE
z-paoApiOM&K3l9s>`8^YgG03XnIZn{_pcrgHmaA$62jVWm=9TfqBTukP(;j!`s<)4
zmMo5;^x-{%-Q;K6s5jQY?0eC%N1T%qN(K0iKEx@sJhq`=sKqEm(LEUp=P_G(wP9?2
z!tO>JQ0wftlKBOi6xsb(APQhvRNaXgjy=+$-i!SL2C`-@ME_9rJTXQ(e_=@jSlzTe
zO@qCPl~!;^**%=fV{-jP`;3di8tCzx5`SS6E!(yOh|jyF56{$BiOZ5ApXs1W=ZslI
zqM|`CXK#qKA1)}I<Xih`r&|?)eQ7JOasLbT-^68u4~`vwl<jaIIDsK@+ptoBM&o^k
z`uzP1;Qyw|f1DK*-!{Bz6x}PXZ`pVJf62pwBSa`7!`Yc&)JH(Lj#@APJcxDZP;h?h
zZ}nZW@*C`|2;E`@>`&?^P)eC%r-!hCf=S|?zMZDz%M+GB4M6R1j$!ZZ^j}S&+@<3&
z71YZFmJ@N_jnYKjYCK3zbd<Yva$IpPPiq)8O{Fd<p?V^zZUa-WfSsn?SlZ&DT<r4c
zSoE2B?9%DMj-MThc=n&)edE~GoO|=9^hE*j`DU)EIaXQS>?7h~A@NSPHrL)e9(8mI
zM#b4?NaWApyk{6LT-ww?Xqfu{TK5au(;6_`dt}JEohZWJ%AhTNCph5x6;SO2`{~&G
z5RLtfOd&9s7N)7X2K|y~?W4?gH}U9K_U>@4G%%jad^^s>tc1*8*~<0ppXPG&nKYhP
zgqG(Vps=X*nWfVLGP=}W!l=et6?TH$x5mRt-FF{|Dk)<!`ueD5DDpRz*9rR=@&K~g
zv_xAL*o|xWX5r@o&q^SovMIK?p0X%4!qW$q_{sj%x{uvQvie@;q?G>>ugCg)TS=15
zew7&mab#ZR{pogT87D&c4lbrGhv1z?K3Dz0LO!;ce03A(c`y=nN*a$f_%Xt^BwKvp
zV{N3xpyBqm5hx!2-Q$0~!}UCnsU|z4QO<4G&db=7T5!~Yr3)=CEaR4S)z3XOUes-T
zF^FUbgM&9Dr$p7^1eWFPoY>W+?za925h+>`m!JP+6C0xa4Or|?3D$GucbckmP+Pzs
zk6A?XFZ)>Z<nJy32fy53SgJ^vUaojysboxeGjHyZD-EjYV0<faX-x&*y>Fs2ccU|U
zcHLr<n@ptC><i;Q%6&KJovdX)BF%<QLnY)9L4W*c?U+eEtz==M9E(Jtl&k*Ey{BYF
z<68qekFvT5g4e^|^IU~uI`7Gs>xna;U9A3I<N7LwCckc+Y2|pK5qWeQIJlJ<k%+LH
z0hR@{a&sojiG?^UZE7jNTuA)!V1q)MQ{Ro*4VpEqPN%z++9jI8?87E8Ld9|$VIZ&f
z%0%SAZp<a`4|~cUPeJpyC26HeFQ3RjLCDwKByE3YMDevGofSsg+aN>o_pkCpQK%vg
zToP9Ej|xBQw9RrqEBN#R7OuvSTa2TbU4Lg+S#8;_xF=*bdOri8nJwSwj2jMa(*V80
z6*n@aFJvIn`@_ig+mOQ?xCsnwwtCL<{Av6TyKuw1F)1H4NM$z*C7XxAJHvz#p<luy
zJr`2xs)4)Apaxk}zqMIb$+{>?-VR~mXa8}D^sAJ}b$~J@FGS|!J$bETUf6D|mf_)F
zj*}8MpW(kT2q5$(TKYSbJ?nDCM<Oe@x09$k|6{pL{eG=R%Qq(NxL`;Od$ivXV~}Gt
z+-;C{BJyj8YOS4-{$Okaiq@S|svG>QDDGK89~vD0ANGGV7<BVt5PRb=bw^7v``4$=
zuIq{+S|nsaqpCY|B|_?xsT-28W1U;Fgo@_(&2zzRA4y#SD&kYZa+5vjC)(%rZXS_l
z$k1Pcaszn!ojKlL_e%MTYM;3P0baiTR+flSsFnt2{9vSJ1!J6Mf;PUB8KwhjV7dc2
zHdB78Qb!t5|AY$(Aq9ggS8p<$ze8{2bSebjpnx*M^_<XC7<tQ?k&=mf19e`vCQ@m8
zQqL(_m>UYLk7!P|$U;Ul<i-U9KL6m1tU&f2(<YF1S~m<m`*p%Ifhm-gPOAAjj=krg
zEFUgMgRdEa+RQAEn(U7BvMB{$B0zPN)lb+-JL5<~j3T-x=f{_4v~Q=y;rld(OUp!u
zrHDv=n1e>PvND|)f4H~M3ChH~>>X>1><``X6?g!7v!J@GtGJ9&^UdsxES^`K_@;*a
zpQZRO-KoT2jK!6PWDu^^B(}}zq_oauY2@{}sHPlo`Oh~_<~nW~y57i&;svPS)`FXc
zK1fFnN36hkqk?dY5pM`l<EKLg`Ra{jK5rLQy~*~zNCs1ypCHbv5h=epDI@TTliimL
z21v}+2UTukhO2F71t#Ah;c|4kYsxcp3kQaMmC~4egUkzVCoL0zbFn&C0n?Dd(il;H
zZ)9-|+BwP}Vl4G+=XTbYIQY^NY&i%}xCVHQ&Hjp?jPYH(l!477pya@OSpwr{nypfh
zpYNnmS08JE<vz$4%8b*DYUOLRgXIeF7!^F?)rbaw$dv-CGaL)OydS@UwQPJ^rNgWX
ze*_HQ<=_s4lr36ahMr?kZ4cKKWfi&4P)JP4V;5~z5(OtLhYZYWM8~Fa6lms&g73bX
zx!JT$en);6`D@9e&O~q|Ef}VWlUR_^TjWAsl6SSmv^}kU<^|F6Kgb+&Hi613t>^Sw
zF45)c)3_HGG^&MsVq!hgm9?Y9!wJn|mtILX#pP?_(?Yt@%$H?p!8-0Pg-MbGN)DC~
zaKxsYP3aP4FWj-L`K56++-ynl2rW<LnHs<1Y;^_(nrGyTt`(qFQi#K1XJ&R3#S`~*
z7B0#SsEA%QBWf&3=ar*)0^%%Fuq?KaiK}mKr97Q2BZ-N8H4?;T0I$|YXW=6|ukR-P
zpQTcxJl4k~iHQ@p+N!*~5Qk1LQ!uHN@>7o~IJasY-*P2HzGY7F^(TK?Ql+)FQp$?U
zmA&H9r(q&jPQh5gZ-t8SY>yuqHS4DCR<FUCXv!ag3*|Sm|KL<^fW~;d4|Et&x(=rH
zu6%R`F-Pw?oK6;Te+*sr{<bntLiV?-W~%o;EFsFgOx5+2X57ImSE#0~Hq~}-YY8#w
zd(5cFF;96@6d|F2XyUqE8&F)9-a8hdR)u&PFH7TSL7TT)(0upZ3*GUrq@k2)fB4(r
zS3bZ9$rX9Gu`5(@3~*N)2;?0E-4(f9Dy+8#qQCEQ@vX7^S<>=6YLiT+cWdz{4`m<Y
zE^=&!eljOWN*E5YE4j$P>t#GCstA}2PC<Ods!PiMw>I^)6}>qcq0p3fOZT#P?V*mZ
z{Tn(JR-N0?uNE0BBl`N`ceuJPGmqu!qGjXsE{U6?lW*XOI{}X$*sQO~ACKPx8sBYd
z-V9o%yP79_Iw!K{_I$&<tgiG`wtDAq_1zm8pTUlqVKI(oal7F;y00^l>N@ux>if#!
zmm^dnyr181<K};>VG(LsIGV4o+s`P!F&~IP&62w04WaE^^uX%0uX8$HRsC%`B=D|4
zZ20?##p-~9-hMssGuPwyR7sylx@7MF3Meu9_B9g1L9y)z{a8dJ_Zu>?Hsv=?6Li*3
z64A(=B)_gFNXo3xt8=boBTzWd;IN?c@2cz|s}eTOnMIj*!z=osI8q80n%tHWYeo_c
zEDMjvdNmZ3t2d>uGV-+cq*xp+=EEg;hqn`LH9pzk-YqW!(m%+{AEV)0>0dyF^54dE
zw$Nom6x;GDLw$-OIcNz|kmbZo1PV_S2X^aFzT=I`-;M-fzz}x=#Vn(RYRcLY`Yd<O
z^GPEh30ew8)H5fbZfD9>rC`ea=%(sZ!y+g!v2N$Fc{Cis{b2<CBBQF?L#4B{VrRWi
zSVm>jJktS)71)qYdBVbl8u8XJWP-z0JpRW%D;+BCei8F~*s;C%9eHTUB;7}z+*}k%
zFlxXSApG+s$t|2bxvjQhYEzl`3K4y<ZNA6sX;z2tYk+PfF`u0$e0O0d-F@D)nOS=b
zBGu%;vK*H}G%Y)K@HsDD1M{SrdlVMjtFKH%f31LG*RhYfFoZhoZN#Hd1a#Jl{!tnD
zgS?@Xx)>ouQ+T&8y=y5K^^#^`O^?W$VXG{c8^RK~JGCJ@87{B>C~%%`_a|#wJ-=;8
zE0$G_V&`FIa?+?Izzp-a!VD(jqJZy1omcEC(h@tB<j&#_;Ij81YJgtvcv%h$ni)gO
zLH(1V%(@$THZT3y?tgHGZ1^~79T5G4qMU}o&&A1q#UdX{d=Zywm*23)9sZ`tQVM7@
zlYhm_y5mTnmcE9#fL54?tYFi-7JR`!D08QrSC(}EO^QwK(pZUR$%E<LE~VZF4U&k7
z;^trEe&$wQBUBe_{1F@J1p(E^@7n0Y#rgrzR8xCu-H^LL--tUKTxI;~o!Q=Oc?<P^
z&i)4R(KZPU(V(oKZ=7`%vJL+=GxGy<Jvw+34iYua>Tr>&tILw-X6-toAvtg^Iq0t-
zeU%zKy%WgqY)7c8j-acRs^j|%IWyB<G<!zn-iHQ)$5jw9_ky*Y^gu=FT6o9VWuQv4
z&h<@l+n6|%!ZsRC%CQ5{P}SEOVRja7W&-)EZA%%1DeNdi6SBfTfdq0#kE>*@cpQ15
zZ8B68rQyk|s$Qii+j>VPvNYt*rERK_2x#P?oPP=)f~^rAU5jYtN?xJ0NrjPRq{l<x
zu)jRlo;!V-yYcDSjJ@l_-UD^m08--}Y{7>FFNjLEz<@PM;BTY^#jbFMxHcnFzCZoF
zSoxp&E5>2P78w;lJ5!bhRA-6{2ZgZf&PEt_t^yma9Rj-%PAuX){{b#6<2-deb!QGw
zQw==#KOPFJVBR?FZpZfBs__;#S2v72`VEWksC;dw^?+CAXO5=ZNzW$&C={uLSi@b-
zs=ZOk7>2h$oo6&y5u6mGDXqlCt*jl~q)+uyAF@5o5Yrum*Scki42v*4ee;_uQgF7o
zEHlu&JyS!)|H|0^PICE_ds$YFmszarh+p%Tcs@y1K|R4F$8RZP<`<C|)-yLIW1Bl-
zlhPaoTG@Joe8vRl!pDk9V9|=o^!d|TB_mhPAa(LacJP63Qh=&0d620<gi`4>*>6K-
zMMIr9SD}(xv%M-ar`zd?8v|W#XEXc$&C^m>-(hX#oNe01-<VT1F84prj4_?Lr)qvR
z$Mw|Os;ejDeqjHM-W$=oD#O`dWJAcQ?z`%*m5D8DmbgZC8^gV01PDcGNhsc9*rLHy
zDY|H5>Cr{Dy`q^-h6BP?H_f){Yxguz(kR>zKKPk-r!X6kBe)1L4wmpHxL?vuW14VJ
z756)9uLRFP-tB?@685m>BZhd;*@^84TFw<D($yF9{k#45u_NKyPxc0$+9InRY2B&c
zbEe*1Yo;#B<%;il0=C|IOU5-t4j;ZWSirq8wT&QatWy+<g+qHAt;gw>msvj_BH`)N
zIQ@+b{T<6&I2$bz3gINo?xO0^jiZJr@9>KTrxKcoAO~X>&1tuF%8~&JJmYu8&4sqH
z7~8go-Oce;@PE*c$_M&6FLJqg+k5PXX~8hpDNJvv#z0|p12BSpSRyzsP}MS6tvp*;
zPx=U?t~ayEZ3FGLw`5a4&8}1RgJHS7D!*wNe@XEYeR}>b+!9+46-|F>5#o_<7_nIe
z>||ad1ronX_hw@;Rh9irUenjF`BCIg|AE;Y_2VK|s7)IWCCue)q821|F}ghu+uwcl
zt-XW&=VMn0RMmq|p`oO@8#Xi%Es3Ds`mA{ISh3LGHjhkUl{RgFCVTdXu_j+mIsS-j
zzC*<eH=YUqG|TSs-ir`R!GkhWRsHSmz$`@Vfha(LUW%A5=7}uqk_H3b6?Ixu(9KUf
z<K<W%#+>?`{nsbsZgvZ8G%1^w8hh^5C&Vw3q__=0^LBgwCG31;!g9HzZ}%UZyIo1A
zIi2qNGjmoDf$l-Zkx9}oTwC(sE1Gf)O&t8Syt}sb<gpYASHw?7$)$NoVKnC^lCSs>
z*?$v~v};ei>h1ey7&R1TSI)vLC{Qb+Vx#TyLrYsgn8s<@K-a-L;wm3RQf3;67@vF2
zwAuiV9SB8WJNPO~wV|$&-OZrtKXtFAU+wSwgWK0s9=^OPiSC$z1qfz?MWoG@!@O-<
zdqGdp){O@dKle#(>gk7vbt%T>7v%#geXxw;6|>K$C1$>=e&M`dIM*;E_el*=24A7`
zyzH3uBS75K-Y@Bf&&WFX0JEyuGok}Xqwa49#l>DoMEPK3@t2}k?Gg4Z9(STSEdML{
zJP3PpO0?!;O!g%81?O<(`8=-}wmAOhk=e}QMl|QSK~&MNXgwPTtVHz+*T?phC`z>8
z>I%~HC@RVuw)CR)h;#<}lPLmeK_E9J;ym@gk2&p^6qtqbOCrn)bXBzTEB8fk2f%uA
z2LD$mTZ8~c`y>Tgq%8t_zC7!<#t*g9^G6L64DQ$SN07AK{}z~A7yer<9ul4W2e&r^
zEP}12N)D8*i)D^a8<#@qViRMn%g;g7Lao+&82Hx|JpkRpYn`uP5pNxC^bZJ{9&K-U
z*#%{Q`dr2PrMuIL*e7F-)JJB~)1U2Tvk=<s(ia4GQTfLVdfADx7G%pi8M|*heP^sJ
zuR-n0r*%%hCv9Mvt!h*+?7yZ5tJ9uYXuf>AZ0NMaLJgZA8GmHyI0X&CoFvu3W>VTe
zG*-9PTagk6K@8FV;2c1_QAGBWyJ#wq$Ml#zLEZu8>)mZh9Ya}IVDtarL|S0rC5fyx
zJ1IFF5CBu{MU?~ARL!T`wccQ`W_tY3%~}f#gog1Q<}r=EAoK0C7ZqJ^=@?I|7=cEz
zwtO(~9^*TNf<P=_^wFkIVEKT+PxCQ)7g02Y@Kw9T9fDGjby<;!Hzp8706(BEW_&Pz
z;n{H3cG!xOe3h|tciIpOwETnXuk`Wlh$8JsX}LgZ6gV2ajX59QPbn*FG?cQiLQDB#
z|52+?HV<qk3iS*w<Kq2cxVZit^22Z4&;^0pDM^N!{yJutLcyQq_t;E-*25Dc15yZ!
z<S;VDFYZ*G<u1RjxC4o11L}Go)tcI+*GIPtTdb9)&y2-+bb21cZUArU=_i&1?uVI+
zXu_GBZ18K<q+0g5*~yY$SuuaiXC^A%tN;lGp#=KVaLQUkbfj<Gs6HNl2DQihyj^eW
zK2TqAoj<qby|gkaHVjg~`)yZyS|)8Tl_l`gKC_qenPp&E8tBE~Ty|(iuREY!?%;)4
zZ9fU9zn*_^?;ubAs-P}PYCpfzAkxfQKdIC(^H|1dx0~VAUN>dz*UF{>ldii5xVn*k
zP4%yo+Dwm_=IgoWZPz3Ycl>ndk#|iSti<zYA?K~9!yazLU}~&CA@@*WSZrL6b=6Pg
zfg|fLkzSQD0M?dN#;J+8St!Wsi*D91pea+SHG0iOc>&2Wa<qKm!&KXfeY3@i?^L!M
z0t(8Q__r`T$m4D(Y+P2WTgc_j-wR<Kk7lTQWD6Ik_-03jeA3()QCd-LFf2r&PHl);
wS0pRQizc+|^*U-Xl=^W-85&z3Zm1~x(+SyAbVSIZ7hPM`wsc2F^xxwD0p!n+r~m)}

diff --git a/chapter_appendix/contribution/index.html b/chapter_appendix/contribution/index.html
index bfa07c62e..66759d4ed 100644
--- a/chapter_appendix/contribution/index.html
+++ b/chapter_appendix/contribution/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_appendix/index.html b/chapter_appendix/index.html
index cf3f2ba6d..0b77bd34e 100644
--- a/chapter_appendix/index.html
+++ b/chapter_appendix/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_appendix/installation/index.html b/chapter_appendix/installation/index.html
index 2c11db449..21e985eb1 100644
--- a/chapter_appendix/installation/index.html
+++ b/chapter_appendix/installation/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/index.html b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/index.html
index 4ce925be6..1045c8244 100644
--- a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/index.html
+++ b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/index.html b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/index.html
index f6fa2771e..7cd888b93 100644
--- a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/index.html
+++ b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/index.html b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/index.html
index 8b9bef6b6..bef8851d2 100644
--- a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/index.html
+++ b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -4713,10 +4713,10 @@
 <p align="center"> 图：常见链表种类 </p>
 
 <h2 id="424">4.2.4 &nbsp; 链表典型应用<a class="headerlink" href="#424" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
-<p>单向链表通常用于实现栈、队列、散列表和图等数据结构。</p>
+<p>单向链表通常用于实现栈、队列、哈希表和图等数据结构。</p>
 <ul>
 <li><strong>栈与队列</strong>：当插入和删除操作都在链表的一端进行时，它表现出先进后出的的特性，对应栈；当插入操作在链表的一端进行，删除操作在链表的另一端进行，它表现出先进先出的特性，对应队列。</li>
-<li><strong>散列表</strong>：链地址法是解决哈希冲突的主流方案之一，在该方案中，所有冲突的元素都会被放到一个链表中。</li>
+<li><strong>哈希表</strong>：链地址法是解决哈希冲突的主流方案之一，在该方案中，所有冲突的元素都会被放到一个链表中。</li>
 <li><strong>图</strong>：邻接表是表示图的一种常用方式，在其中，图的每个顶点都与一个链表相关联，链表中的每个元素都代表与该顶点相连的其他顶点。</li>
 </ul>
 <p>双向链表常被用于需要快速查找前一个和下一个元素的场景。</p>
diff --git a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/index.html b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/index.html
index 27928d1ce..19c97dadd 100644
--- a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/index.html
+++ b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/index.html b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/index.html
index b122adee7..986e33908 100644
--- a/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/index.html b/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/index.html
index 829faff73..82ab4bc3b 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/index.html
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/index.html b/chapter_backtracking/index.html
index a0bc43a74..93bfe25af 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/index.html
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/index.html b/chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/index.html
index 750c32327..b2461ebfd 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3998,7 +3998,7 @@
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
-<p>逐行放置 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 次，考虑列约束，则从第一行到最后一行分别有 <span class="arithmatex">\(n, n-1, \cdots, 2, 1\)</span> 个选择，<strong>因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!)\)</span></strong> 。实际上，根据对角线约束的剪枝也能够大幅地缩小搜索空间，因而搜索效率往往优于以上时间复杂度。</p>
+<p>逐行放置 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 次，考虑列约束，则从第一行到最后一行分别有 <span class="arithmatex">\(n, n-1, \dots, 2, 1\)</span> 个选择，<strong>因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!)\)</span></strong> 。实际上，根据对角线约束的剪枝也能够大幅地缩小搜索空间，因而搜索效率往往优于以上时间复杂度。</p>
 <p>数组 <code>state</code> 使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 空间，数组 <code>cols</code> , <code>diags1</code> , <code>diags2</code> 皆使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 空间。最大递归深度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 栈帧空间。因此，<strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span></strong> 。</p>
 
 
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/index.html b/chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/index.html
index 5e0b87a81..8f1565741 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/index.html b/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/index.html
index 4c8bca5dd..ae85bbbc3 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3923,21 +3923,21 @@
 <h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 重复子集剪枝<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <p><strong>我们考虑在搜索过程中通过剪枝进行去重</strong>。观察下图，重复子集是在以不同顺序选择数组元素时产生的，具体来看：</p>
 <ol>
-<li>第一轮和第二轮分别选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> ，会生成包含这两个元素的所有子集，记为 <span class="arithmatex">\([3, 4, \cdots]\)</span> 。</li>
-<li>若第一轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> ，<strong>则第二轮应该跳过 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span></strong> ，因为该选择产生的子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([4, 3, \cdots]\)</span> 和 <code>1.</code> 中生成的子集完全重复。</li>
+<li>第一轮和第二轮分别选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> ，会生成包含这两个元素的所有子集，记为 <span class="arithmatex">\([3, 4, \dots]\)</span> 。</li>
+<li>若第一轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> ，<strong>则第二轮应该跳过 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span></strong> ，因为该选择产生的子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([4, 3, \dots]\)</span> 和 <code>1.</code> 中生成的子集完全重复。</li>
 </ol>
 <p>分支越靠右，需要排除的分支也越多，例如：</p>
 <ol>
-<li>前两轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> ，生成子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([3, 5, \cdots]\)</span> 。</li>
-<li>前两轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> ，生成子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([4, 5, \cdots]\)</span> 。</li>
-<li>若第一轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> ，<strong>则第二轮应该跳过 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span></strong> ，因为子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([5, 3, \cdots]\)</span> 和子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([5, 4, \cdots]\)</span> 和 <code>1.</code> , <code>2.</code> 中生成的子集完全重复。</li>
+<li>前两轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> ，生成子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([3, 5, \dots]\)</span> 。</li>
+<li>前两轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> ，生成子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([4, 5, \dots]\)</span> 。</li>
+<li>若第一轮选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(5\)</span> ，<strong>则第二轮应该跳过 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(4\)</span></strong> ，因为子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([5, 3, \dots]\)</span> 和子集 <span class="arithmatex">\([5, 4, \dots]\)</span> 和 <code>1.</code> , <code>2.</code> 中生成的子集完全重复。</li>
 </ol>
 <p><img alt="不同选择顺序导致的重复子集" src="../subset_sum_problem.assets/subset_sum_i_pruning.png" /></p>
 <p align="center"> 图：不同选择顺序导致的重复子集 </p>
 
-<p>总结来看，给定输入数组 <span class="arithmatex">\([x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n]\)</span> ，设搜索过程中的选择序列为 <span class="arithmatex">\([x_{i_1}, x_{i_2}, \cdots , x_{i_m}]\)</span> ，则该选择序列需要满足 <span class="arithmatex">\(i_1 \leq i_2 \leq \cdots \leq i_m\)</span> ，<strong>不满足该条件的选择序列都会造成重复，应当剪枝</strong>。</p>
+<p>总结来看，给定输入数组 <span class="arithmatex">\([x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n]\)</span> ，设搜索过程中的选择序列为 <span class="arithmatex">\([x_{i_1}, x_{i_2}, \dots , x_{i_m}]\)</span> ，则该选择序列需要满足 <span class="arithmatex">\(i_1 \leq i_2 \leq \dots \leq i_m\)</span> ，<strong>不满足该条件的选择序列都会造成重复，应当剪枝</strong>。</p>
 <h3 id="3">3. &nbsp; 代码实现<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
-<p>为实现该剪枝，我们初始化变量 <code>start</code> ，用于指示遍历起点。<strong>当做出选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(x_{i}\)</span> 后，设定下一轮从索引 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 开始遍历</strong>。这样做就可以让选择序列满足 <span class="arithmatex">\(i_1 \leq i_2 \leq \cdots \leq i_m\)</span> ，从而保证子集唯一。</p>
+<p>为实现该剪枝，我们初始化变量 <code>start</code> ，用于指示遍历起点。<strong>当做出选择 <span class="arithmatex">\(x_{i}\)</span> 后，设定下一轮从索引 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 开始遍历</strong>。这样做就可以让选择序列满足 <span class="arithmatex">\(i_1 \leq i_2 \leq \dots \leq i_m\)</span> ，从而保证子集唯一。</p>
 <p>除此之外，我们还对代码进行了两项优化：</p>
 <ul>
 <li>在开启搜索前，先将数组 <code>nums</code> 排序。在遍历所有选择时，<strong>当子集和超过 <code>target</code> 时直接结束循环</strong>，因为后边的元素更大，其子集和都一定会超过 <code>target</code> 。</li>
diff --git a/chapter_backtracking/summary/index.html b/chapter_backtracking/summary/index.html
index 9a3f29a1e..ae4f45ed4 100644
--- a/chapter_backtracking/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_backtracking/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_computational_complexity/index.html b/chapter_computational_complexity/index.html
index 3052fcb6f..7af987be3 100644
--- a/chapter_computational_complexity/index.html
+++ b/chapter_computational_complexity/index.html
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     
     
       
-        <title>第 2 章   复杂度 - Hello 算法</title>
+        <title>第 2 章   时空复杂度 - Hello 算法</title>
       
     
     
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
         <div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
           <span class="md-ellipsis">
             
-              第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+              第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
             
           </span>
         </div>
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3350,13 +3350,13 @@
   
 
 
-<h1 id="2">第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
+<h1 id="2">第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
 <div class="center-table">
-<p><img alt="复杂度" src="../assets/covers/chapter_complexity_analysis.jpg" width="600" /></p>
+<p><img alt="时空复杂度" src="../assets/covers/chapter_complexity_analysis.jpg" width="600" /></p>
 </div>
 <div class="admonition abstract">
 <p class="admonition-title">Abstract</p>
-<p>复杂度犹如浩瀚的算法宇宙中的时空向导。</p>
+<p>复杂度分析犹如浩瀚的算法宇宙中的时空向导。</p>
 <p>它带领我们在时间与空间这两个维度上深入探索，寻找更优雅的解决方案。</p>
 </div>
 <h2 id="_1">本章内容<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
diff --git a/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/index.html b/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/index.html
index a2ab18aaf..a433533e9 100644
--- a/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/index.html
+++ b/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/index.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3534,7 +3534,7 @@
       <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="页脚" >
         
           
-          <a href="../" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 第 2 章 &amp;nbsp; 复杂度" rel="prev">
+          <a href="../" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 第 2 章 &amp;nbsp; 时空复杂度" rel="prev">
             <div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
               
               <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
@@ -3544,7 +3544,7 @@
                 上一页
               </span>
               <div class="md-ellipsis">
-                第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+                第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
               </div>
             </div>
           </a>
diff --git a/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/index.html b/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/index.html
index 58ab191bd..becbd2b8d 100644
--- a/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/index.html
+++ b/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/index.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3553,7 +3553,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a>
@@ -3576,7 +3576,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
@@ -3598,7 +3598,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;函数&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a>    <span class="c1"># do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a>    <span class="c1"># 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">algorithm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="c1"># 输入数据</span>
@@ -3623,7 +3623,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a>
@@ -3649,7 +3649,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">constFunc</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a>
@@ -3675,7 +3675,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">constFunc</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a>
@@ -3691,7 +3691,7 @@
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a>
@@ -3713,7 +3713,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a>
@@ -3739,7 +3739,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a>    <span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a>    <span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a>
@@ -3766,7 +3766,7 @@
 <a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a>
@@ -3911,7 +3911,7 @@
 <div class="tabbed-content">
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -3929,7 +3929,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -3947,7 +3947,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a>    <span class="c1"># do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a>    <span class="c1"># 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">loop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -3963,7 +3963,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a>
@@ -3985,7 +3985,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">constFunc</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -4003,7 +4003,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">constFunc</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -4021,7 +4021,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -4039,7 +4039,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -4058,7 +4058,7 @@
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="p">@</span><span class="n">discardableResult</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a>    <span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a>    <span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a>
@@ -4084,7 +4084,7 @@
 </div>
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 循环 O(1) */</span>
@@ -4129,7 +4129,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5" href="#__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-36-6" name="__codelineno-36-6" href="#__codelineno-36-6"></a>
@@ -4154,7 +4154,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a>
@@ -4179,7 +4179,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;函数&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a>    <span class="c1"># do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a>    <span class="c1"># 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5" href="#__codelineno-38-5"></a>
 <a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6" href="#__codelineno-38-6"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">constant</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
@@ -4199,7 +4199,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-39-2" name="__codelineno-39-2" href="#__codelineno-39-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3" href="#__codelineno-39-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something...</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3" href="#__codelineno-39-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作...</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-39-4" name="__codelineno-39-4" href="#__codelineno-39-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-39-5" name="__codelineno-39-5" href="#__codelineno-39-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-39-6" name="__codelineno-39-6" href="#__codelineno-39-6"></a>
@@ -4226,7 +4226,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">constFunc</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a>
@@ -4251,7 +4251,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">constFunc</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a>
@@ -4276,7 +4276,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2" href="#__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">func</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-42-4" name="__codelineno-42-4" href="#__codelineno-42-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-42-5" name="__codelineno-42-5" href="#__codelineno-42-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-42-6" name="__codelineno-42-6" href="#__codelineno-42-6"></a>
@@ -4302,7 +4302,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-43-1" name="__codelineno-43-1" href="#__codelineno-43-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-43-2" name="__codelineno-43-2" href="#__codelineno-43-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-43-3" name="__codelineno-43-3" href="#__codelineno-43-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-43-3" name="__codelineno-43-3" href="#__codelineno-43-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-43-4" name="__codelineno-43-4" href="#__codelineno-43-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-43-5" name="__codelineno-43-5" href="#__codelineno-43-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-43-6" name="__codelineno-43-6" href="#__codelineno-43-6"></a>
@@ -4328,7 +4328,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-44-1" name="__codelineno-44-1" href="#__codelineno-44-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-44-2" name="__codelineno-44-2" href="#__codelineno-44-2"></a><span class="p">@</span><span class="n">discardableResult</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-44-3" name="__codelineno-44-3" href="#__codelineno-44-3"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a>    <span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a>    <span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-44-5" name="__codelineno-44-5" href="#__codelineno-44-5"></a>    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-44-6" name="__codelineno-44-6" href="#__codelineno-44-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-44-7" name="__codelineno-44-7" href="#__codelineno-44-7"></a>
@@ -4381,7 +4381,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-46-1" name="__codelineno-46-1" href="#__codelineno-46-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-46-2" name="__codelineno-46-2" href="#__codelineno-46-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-46-4" name="__codelineno-46-4" href="#__codelineno-46-4"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-46-5" name="__codelineno-46-5" href="#__codelineno-46-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-46-6" name="__codelineno-46-6" href="#__codelineno-46-6"></a>
@@ -4406,7 +4406,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">space_complexity.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 函数 */</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">function</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span>-&gt;<span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
-<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// do something</span>
+<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="c1">// 执行某些操作</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="w">    </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
 <a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a>
@@ -4675,7 +4675,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
-<p>以下递归函数会同时存在 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个未返回的 <code>algorithm()</code> 函数，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 大小的栈帧空间：</p>
+<p>以下函数的递归深度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，即同时存在 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个未返回的 <code>linear_recur()</code> 函数，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 大小的栈帧空间：</p>
 <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="6:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_6_1" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_2" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_3" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_4" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_5" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_6" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_7" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_8" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_9" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_10" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_11" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_12" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_6_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_6_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_6_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_6_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_6_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_6_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_6_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_6_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_6_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_6_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_6_12">Rust</label></div>
 <div class="tabbed-content">
 <div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -4992,7 +4992,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
-<p>在以下递归函数中，同时存在 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个未返回的 <code>algorithm()</code> ，并且每个函数中都初始化了一个数组，长度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n, n-1, n-2, ..., 2, 1\)</span> ，平均长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n}{2}\)</span> ，因此总体占用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 空间。</p>
+<p>以下函数的递归深度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，在每个递归函数中都初始化了一个数组，长度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n, n-1, n-2, ..., 2, 1\)</span> ，平均长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n / 2\)</span> ，因此总体占用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 空间。</p>
 <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="8:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_8_1" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_2" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_3" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_4" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_5" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_6" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_7" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_8" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_9" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_10" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_11" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_8_12" name="__tabbed_8" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_8_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_8_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_8_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_8_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_8_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_8_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_8_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_8_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_8_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_8_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_8_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_8_12">Rust</label></div>
 <div class="tabbed-content">
 <div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -5283,9 +5283,8 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \newline
 <p align="center"> 图：满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 </p>
 
 <h3 id="5-olog-n">5. &nbsp; 对数阶 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#5-olog-n" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
-<p>对数阶常见于分治算法和数据类型转换等。</p>
-<p>例如归并排序算法，输入长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组，每轮递归将数组从中点划分为两半，形成高度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log n\)</span> 的递归树，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 栈帧空间。</p>
-<p>再例如将数字转化为字符串，输入任意正整数 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，它的位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log_{10} n + 1\)</span> ，即对应字符串长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log_{10} n + 1\)</span> ，因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)\)</span> 。</p>
+<p>对数阶常见于分治算法。例如归并排序，输入长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组，每轮递归将数组从中点划分为两半，形成高度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log n\)</span> 的递归树，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 栈帧空间。</p>
+<p>再例如将数字转化为字符串，输入一个正整数 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，它的位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log_{10} n + 1\)</span> ，即对应字符串长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log_{10} n + 1\)</span> ，因此空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)\)</span> 。</p>
 <h2 id="234">2.3.4 &nbsp; 权衡时间与空间<a class="headerlink" href="#234" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <p>理想情况下，我们希望算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度都能达到最优。然而在实际情况中，同时优化时间复杂度和空间复杂度通常是非常困难的。</p>
 <p><strong>降低时间复杂度通常需要以提升空间复杂度为代价，反之亦然</strong>。我们将牺牲内存空间来提升算法运行速度的思路称为“以空间换时间”；反之，则称为“以时间换空间”。</p>
diff --git a/chapter_computational_complexity/summary/index.html b/chapter_computational_complexity/summary/index.html
index 7cc9fd409..223fd8bdf 100644
--- a/chapter_computational_complexity/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_computational_complexity/summary/index.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/index.html b/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/index.html
index d5a158444..3a97d1ffe 100644
--- a/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/index.html
+++ b/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/index.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -5021,10 +5021,7 @@ O(1) &lt; O(\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!
 <p><img alt="常数阶、线性阶和平方阶的时间复杂度" src="../time_complexity.assets/time_complexity_constant_linear_quadratic.png" /></p>
 <p align="center"> 图：常数阶、线性阶和平方阶的时间复杂度 </p>
 
-<p>以冒泡排序为例，外层循环执行 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 次，内层循环执行 <span class="arithmatex">\(n-1, n-2, \cdots, 2, 1\)</span> 次，平均为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n}{2}\)</span> 次，因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> ：</p>
-<div class="arithmatex">\[
-O((n - 1) \frac{n}{2}) = O(n^2)
-\]</div>
+<p>以冒泡排序为例，外层循环执行 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 次，内层循环执行 <span class="arithmatex">\(n-1, n-2, \dots, 2, 1\)</span> 次，平均为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n / 2\)</span> 次，因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O((n - 1) n / 2) = O(n^2)\)</span> 。</p>
 <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="9:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_9_1" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_2" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_3" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_4" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_5" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_6" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_7" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_8" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_9" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_10" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_11" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_9_12" name="__tabbed_9" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_9_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_9_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_9_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_9_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_9_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_9_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_9_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_9_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_9_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_9_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_9_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_9_12">Rust</label></div>
 <div class="tabbed-content">
 <div class="tabbed-block">
@@ -5860,7 +5857,15 @@ O((n - 1) \frac{n}{2}) = O(n^2)
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
-<p>对数阶常出现于基于分治策略的算法中，体现了“一分为多”和“化繁为简”的算法思想。它增长缓慢，是理想的时间复杂度，仅次于常数阶。</p>
+<p>对数阶常出现于基于分治策略的算法中，体现了“一分为多”和“化繁为简”的算法思想。它增长缓慢，是仅次于常数阶的理想的时间复杂度。</p>
+<div class="admonition tip">
+<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
+<p>准确来说，“一分为 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span>”对应的时间复杂度是 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log_m n)\)</span> 。而通过对数换底公式，我们可以得到具有不同底数的、相等的时间复杂度：</p>
+<div class="arithmatex">\[
+O(\log_m n) = O(\log_k n / \log_k m) = O(\log_k n)
+\]</div>
+<p>因此我们通常会省略底数 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> ，将对数阶直接记为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 。</p>
+</div>
 <h3 id="6-on-log-n">6. &nbsp; 线性对数阶 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n \log n)\)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#6-on-log-n" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <p>线性对数阶常出现于嵌套循环中，两层循环的时间复杂度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。相关代码如下：</p>
 <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="14:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_14_1" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_2" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_3" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_4" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_5" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_6" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_7" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_8" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_9" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_10" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_11" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_14_12" name="__tabbed_14" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_14_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_14_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_14_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_14_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_14_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_14_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_14_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_14_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_14_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_14_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_14_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_14_12">Rust</label></div>
@@ -6032,7 +6037,7 @@ O((n - 1) \frac{n}{2}) = O(n^2)
 <h3 id="7-on">7. &nbsp; 阶乘阶 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n!)\)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#7-on" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
 <p>阶乘阶对应数学上的“全排列”问题。给定 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个互不重复的元素，求其所有可能的排列方案，方案数量为：</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
-n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \cdots \times 2 \times 1
+n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \dots \times 2 \times 1
 \]</div>
 <p>阶乘通常使用递归实现。例如在以下代码中，第一层分裂出 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个，第二层分裂出 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 个，以此类推，直至第 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 层时停止分裂：</p>
 <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="15:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_15_1" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_2" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_3" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_4" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_5" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_6" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_7" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_8" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_9" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_10" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_11" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_15_12" name="__tabbed_15" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_15_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_15_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_15_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_15_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_15_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_15_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_15_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_15_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_15_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_15_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_15_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_15_12">Rust</label></div>
@@ -6206,7 +6211,7 @@ n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \cdots \times 2 \times 1
 <p><img alt="阶乘阶的时间复杂度" src="../time_complexity.assets/time_complexity_factorial.png" /></p>
 <p align="center"> 图：阶乘阶的时间复杂度 </p>
 
-<p>请注意，因为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n! &gt; 2^n\)</span> ，所以阶乘阶比指数阶增长得更快，在 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 较大时也是不可接受的。</p>
+<p>请注意，因为当 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \geq 4\)</span> 时恒有 <span class="arithmatex">\(n! &gt; 2^n\)</span> ，所以阶乘阶比指数阶增长得更快，在 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 较大时也是不可接受的。</p>
 <h2 id="225">2.2.5 &nbsp; 最差、最佳、平均时间复杂度<a class="headerlink" href="#225" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <p><strong>算法的时间效率往往不是固定的，而是与输入数据的分布有关</strong>。假设输入一个长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组 <code>nums</code> ，其中 <code>nums</code> 由从 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 至 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数字组成，每个数字只出现一次，但元素顺序是随机打乱的，任务目标是返回元素 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 的索引。我们可以得出以下结论。</p>
 <ul>
@@ -6546,7 +6551,7 @@ n! = n \times (n - 1) \times (n - 2) \times \cdots \times 2 \times 1
 </div>
 <p>值得说明的是，我们在实际中很少使用最佳时间复杂度，因为通常只有在很小概率下才能达到，可能会带来一定的误导性。<strong>而最差时间复杂度更为实用，因为它给出了一个效率安全值</strong>，让我们可以放心地使用算法。</p>
 <p>从上述示例可以看出，最差或最佳时间复杂度只出现于“特殊的数据分布”，这些情况的出现概率可能很小，并不能真实地反映算法运行效率。相比之下，<strong>平均时间复杂度可以体现算法在随机输入数据下的运行效率</strong>，用 <span class="arithmatex">\(\Theta\)</span> 记号来表示。</p>
-<p>对于部分算法，我们可以简单地推算出随机数据分布下的平均情况。比如上述示例，由于输入数组是被打乱的，因此元素 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 出现在任意索引的概率都是相等的，那么算法的平均循环次数就是数组长度的一半 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n}{2}\)</span> ，平均时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\Theta(\frac{n}{2}) = \Theta(n)\)</span> 。</p>
+<p>对于部分算法，我们可以简单地推算出随机数据分布下的平均情况。比如上述示例，由于输入数组是被打乱的，因此元素 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 出现在任意索引的概率都是相等的，那么算法的平均循环次数就是数组长度的一半 <span class="arithmatex">\(n / 2\)</span> ，平均时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\Theta(n / 2) = \Theta(n)\)</span> 。</p>
 <p>但对于较为复杂的算法，计算平均时间复杂度往往是比较困难的，因为很难分析出在数据分布下的整体数学期望。在这种情况下，我们通常使用最差时间复杂度作为算法效率的评判标准。</p>
 <div class="admonition question">
 <p class="admonition-title">为什么很少看到 <span class="arithmatex">\(\Theta\)</span> 符号？</p>
diff --git a/chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/index.html b/chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/index.html
index eb0cc7e6e..353c52931 100644
--- a/chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/index.html
+++ b/chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/index.html b/chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/index.html
index 4aad5afbb..cdd7d922b 100644
--- a/chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/index.html
+++ b/chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/index.html b/chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/index.html
index c11bd767e..237a5bf6a 100644
--- a/chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/index.html
+++ b/chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_data_structure/index.html b/chapter_data_structure/index.html
index a416c244a..cfdba49dd 100644
--- a/chapter_data_structure/index.html
+++ b/chapter_data_structure/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/index.html b/chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/index.html
index 99884f51c..50ee40d08 100644
--- a/chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/index.html
+++ b/chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_data_structure/summary/index.html b/chapter_data_structure/summary/index.html
index cfc42fc6a..4e99916e8 100644
--- a/chapter_data_structure/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_data_structure/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3413,7 +3413,7 @@
 <h2 id="351-q-a">3.5.1 &nbsp; Q &amp; A<a class="headerlink" href="#351-q-a" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <div class="admonition question">
 <p class="admonition-title">为什么哈希表同时包含线性数据结构和非线性数据结构？</p>
-<p>哈希表底层是数组，而为了解决哈希冲突，我们可能会使用“链式地址”（后续散列表章节会讲）。在拉链法中，数组中每个地址（桶）指向一个链表；当这个链表长度超过一定阈值时，又可能被转化为树（通常为红黑树）。因此，哈希表可能同时包含线性（数组、链表）和非线性（树）数据结构。</p>
+<p>哈希表底层是数组，而为了解决哈希冲突，我们可能会使用“链式地址”（后续哈希表章节会讲）。在拉链法中，数组中每个地址（桶）指向一个链表；当这个链表长度超过一定阈值时，又可能被转化为树（通常为红黑树）。因此，哈希表可能同时包含线性（数组、链表）和非线性（树）数据结构。</p>
 </div>
 <div class="admonition question">
 <p class="admonition-title"><code>char</code> 类型的长度是 1 byte 吗？</p>
diff --git a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/index.html b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/index.html
index fe3f84495..c15ef647c 100644
--- a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/index.html
+++ b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/index.html b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/index.html
index d3b9f4dc5..89e1e03ab 100644
--- a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/index.html b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/index.html
index f719ee5f9..215d4d1c0 100644
--- a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/index.html
+++ b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3504,7 +3504,7 @@
 <p>分治不仅可以有效地解决算法问题，<strong>往往还可以带来算法效率的提升</strong>。在排序算法中，快速排序、归并排序、堆排序相较于选择、冒泡、插入排序更快，就是因为它们应用了分治策略。</p>
 <p>那么，我们不禁发问：<strong>为什么分治可以提升算法效率，其底层逻辑是什么</strong>？换句话说，将大问题分解为多个子问题、解决子问题、将子问题的解合并为原问题的解，这几步的效率为什么比直接解决原问题的效率更高？这个问题可以从操作数量和并行计算两方面来讨论。</p>
 <h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 操作数量优化<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
-<p>以“冒泡排序”为例，其处理一个长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 时间。假设我们把数组从中点分为两个子数组，则划分需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 时间，排序每个子数组需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O((\frac{n}{2})^2)\)</span> 时间，合并两个子数组需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 时间，总体时间复杂度为：</p>
+<p>以“冒泡排序”为例，其处理一个长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 时间。假设我们把数组从中点分为两个子数组，则划分需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 时间，排序每个子数组需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O((n / 2)^2)\)</span> 时间，合并两个子数组需要 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 时间，总体时间复杂度为：</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
 O(n + (\frac{n}{2})^2 \times 2 + n) = O(\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n)
 \]</div>
diff --git a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/index.html b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/index.html
index 9e22d17d0..f533ddbb7 100644
--- a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/index.html b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/index.html
index e029509c9..f2ed0f1eb 100644
--- a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/index.html
+++ b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/index.html b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/index.html
index 9f8bba12c..3680067fd 100644
--- a/chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/index.html
index 3b31cd2f9..792ab396a 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/index.html
index 81e4b00f9..78ab8a627 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/index.html
index 7167ddfd4..374d97d3c 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/index.html
index 9c8b9b2f2..e382ecb2a 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/index.html
index da3c5057a..3a2bed945 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3782,7 +3782,7 @@
 <p>回溯算法通常并不显式地对问题进行拆解，而是将问题看作一系列决策步骤，通过试探和剪枝，搜索所有可能的解。</p>
 <p>我们可以尝试从问题分解的角度分析这道题。设爬到第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 阶共有 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i]\)</span> 种方案，那么 <span class="arithmatex">\(dp[i]\)</span> 就是原问题，其子问题包括:</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
-dp[i-1] , dp[i-2] , \cdots , dp[2] , dp[1]
+dp[i-1] , dp[i-2] , \dots , dp[2] , dp[1]
 \]</div>
 <p>由于每轮只能上 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 阶或 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 阶，因此当我们站在第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 阶楼梯上时，上一轮只可能站在第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i - 1\)</span> 阶或第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i - 2\)</span> 阶上。换句话说，我们只能从第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i -1\)</span> 阶或第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i - 2\)</span> 阶前往第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 阶。</p>
 <p>由此便可得出一个重要推论：<strong>爬到第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i - 1\)</span> 阶的方案数加上爬到第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i - 2\)</span> 阶的方案数就等于爬到第 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 阶的方案数</strong>。公式如下：</p>
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/index.html
index 68cb4f8d3..bd2d48961 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/index.html
index 15dd3edcb..06e62844e 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/index.html b/chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/index.html
index 6f7ea2bea..115d3bd75 100644
--- a/chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_graph/graph/index.html b/chapter_graph/graph/index.html
index b77129dc7..3671b1103 100644
--- a/chapter_graph/graph/index.html
+++ b/chapter_graph/graph/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_graph/graph_operations/index.html b/chapter_graph/graph_operations/index.html
index 8f1d98f08..4199e95de 100644
--- a/chapter_graph/graph_operations/index.html
+++ b/chapter_graph/graph_operations/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_graph/graph_traversal/index.html b/chapter_graph/graph_traversal/index.html
index 094b02d61..ea91e880a 100644
--- a/chapter_graph/graph_traversal/index.html
+++ b/chapter_graph/graph_traversal/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_graph/index.html b/chapter_graph/index.html
index c2bc74790..b766862eb 100644
--- a/chapter_graph/index.html
+++ b/chapter_graph/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_graph/summary/index.html b/chapter_graph/summary/index.html
index 46bef29cc..91261dca3 100644
--- a/chapter_graph/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_graph/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/index.html b/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/index.html
index fc35c01cc..ceedcc15c 100644
--- a/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/index.html b/chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/index.html
index 087ff3974..8496209e5 100644
--- a/chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/index.html
+++ b/chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_greedy/index.html b/chapter_greedy/index.html
index feb986895..db286722f 100644
--- a/chapter_greedy/index.html
+++ b/chapter_greedy/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/index.html b/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/index.html
index 5eee7b9ce..1a84aa179 100644
--- a/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3696,7 +3696,7 @@ cap[i, j] = \min(ht[i], ht[j]) \times (j - i)
 <p>之所以贪心比穷举更快，是因为每轮的贪心选择都会“跳过”一些状态。</p>
 <p>比如在状态 <span class="arithmatex">\(cap[i, j]\)</span> 下，<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 为短板、<span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 为长板。若贪心地将短板 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> 向内移动一格，会导致以下状态被“跳过”。<strong>这意味着之后无法验证这些状态的容量大小</strong>。</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
-cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \cdots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1]
+cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \dots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1]
 \]</div>
 <p><img alt="移动短板导致被跳过的状态" src="../max_capacity_problem.assets/max_capacity_skipped_states.png" /></p>
 <p align="center"> 图：移动短板导致被跳过的状态 </p>
diff --git a/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/index.html b/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/index.html
index ef8fe3d1f..d4f0fec7a 100644
--- a/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/index.html
+++ b/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_greedy/summary/index.html b/chapter_greedy/summary/index.html
index 3a8bddbf4..68ca92ef0 100644
--- a/chapter_greedy/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_greedy/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/index.html b/chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/index.html
index 2f71cee53..6b10425da 100644
--- a/chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/index.html
+++ b/chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3903,16 +3903,16 @@
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
 \begin{aligned}
 \text{modulus} &amp; = 9 \newline
-\text{key} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \cdots \} \newline
-\text{hash} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\cdots \}
+\text{key} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \dots \} \newline
+\text{hash} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\dots \}
 \end{aligned}
 \]</div>
 <p>如果输入 <code>key</code> 恰好满足这种等差数列的数据分布，那么哈希值就会出现聚堆，从而加重哈希冲突。现在，假设将 <code>modulus</code> 替换为质数 <span class="arithmatex">\(13\)</span> ，由于 <code>key</code> 和 <code>modulus</code> 之间不存在公约数，输出的哈希值的均匀性会明显提升。</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
 \begin{aligned}
 \text{modulus} &amp; = 13 \newline
-\text{key} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \cdots \} \newline
-\text{hash} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \cdots \}
+\text{key} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \dots \} \newline
+\text{hash} &amp; = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \dots \}
 \end{aligned}
 \]</div>
 <p>值得说明的是，如果能够保证 <code>key</code> 是随机均匀分布的，那么选择质数或者合数作为模数都是可以的，它们都能输出均匀分布的哈希值。而当 <code>key</code> 的分布存在某种周期性时，对合数取模更容易出现聚集现象。</p>
diff --git a/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html b/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html
index 40ace06f0..264078842 100644
--- a/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html
+++ b/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -5853,7 +5853,7 @@
 </div>
 </div>
 <h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 多次哈希<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
-<p>顾名思义，多次哈希方法是使用多个哈希函数 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_1(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(f_2(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(f_3(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\cdots\)</span> 进行探测。</p>
+<p>顾名思义，多次哈希方法是使用多个哈希函数 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_1(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(f_2(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(f_3(x)\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span> 进行探测。</p>
 <ul>
 <li><strong>插入元素</strong>：若哈希函数 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_1(x)\)</span> 出现冲突，则尝试 <span class="arithmatex">\(f_2(x)\)</span> ，以此类推，直到找到空位后插入元素。</li>
 <li><strong>查找元素</strong>：在相同的哈希函数顺序下进行查找，直到找到目标元素时返回；或遇到空位或已尝试所有哈希函数，说明哈希表中不存在该元素，则返回 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 。</li>
diff --git a/chapter_hashing/hash_map/index.html b/chapter_hashing/hash_map/index.html
index 34eb9bceb..15bc2f05c 100644
--- a/chapter_hashing/hash_map/index.html
+++ b/chapter_hashing/hash_map/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -4950,7 +4950,7 @@
       <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="页脚" >
         
           
-          <a href="../" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 第 6 章 &amp;nbsp; 散列表" rel="prev">
+          <a href="../" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 第 6 章 &amp;nbsp; 哈希表" rel="prev">
             <div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
               
               <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
@@ -4960,7 +4960,7 @@
                 上一页
               </span>
               <div class="md-ellipsis">
-                第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+                第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
               </div>
             </div>
           </a>
diff --git a/chapter_hashing/index.html b/chapter_hashing/index.html
index 3e9bc2b8e..db85dd466 100644
--- a/chapter_hashing/index.html
+++ b/chapter_hashing/index.html
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     
     
       
-        <title>第 6 章   散列表 - Hello 算法</title>
+        <title>第 6 章   哈希表 - Hello 算法</title>
       
     
     
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
         <div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
           <span class="md-ellipsis">
             
-              第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+              第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
             
           </span>
         </div>
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3350,13 +3350,13 @@
   
 
 
-<h1 id="6">第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表<a class="headerlink" href="#6" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
+<h1 id="6">第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表<a class="headerlink" href="#6" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
 <div class="center-table">
-<p><img alt="散列表" src="../assets/covers/chapter_hashing.jpg" width="600" /></p>
+<p><img alt="哈希表" src="../assets/covers/chapter_hashing.jpg" width="600" /></p>
 </div>
 <div class="admonition abstract">
 <p class="admonition-title">Abstract</p>
-<p>在计算机世界中，散列表如同一位智能的图书管理员。</p>
+<p>在计算机世界中，哈希表如同一位智能的图书管理员。</p>
 <p>他知道如何计算索书号，从而可以快速找到目标书籍。</p>
 </div>
 <h2 id="_1">本章内容<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
diff --git a/chapter_hashing/summary/index.html b/chapter_hashing/summary/index.html
index cf811889e..e86b850ec 100644
--- a/chapter_hashing/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_hashing/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_heap/build_heap/index.html b/chapter_heap/build_heap/index.html
index e67034a4b..43e903a8c 100644
--- a/chapter_heap/build_heap/index.html
+++ b/chapter_heap/build_heap/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3601,18 +3601,18 @@
 
 <p>因此，我们可以将各层的“节点数量 <span class="arithmatex">\(\times\)</span> 节点高度”求和，<strong>从而得到所有节点的堆化迭代次数的总和</strong>。</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
-T(h) = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \cdots + 2^{(h-1)}\times1
+T(h) = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \dots + 2^{(h-1)}\times1
 \]</div>
 <p>化简上式需要借助中学的数列知识，先对 <span class="arithmatex">\(T(h)\)</span> 乘以 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> ，得到</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
 \begin{aligned}
-T(h) &amp; = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \cdots + 2^{h-1}\times1 \newline
-2 T(h) &amp; = 2^1h + 2^2(h-1) + 2^3(h-2) + \cdots + 2^{h}\times1 \newline
+T(h) &amp; = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \dots + 2^{h-1}\times1 \newline
+2 T(h) &amp; = 2^1h + 2^2(h-1) + 2^3(h-2) + \dots + 2^{h}\times1 \newline
 \end{aligned}
 \]</div>
 <p>使用错位相减法，用下式 <span class="arithmatex">\(2 T(h)\)</span> 减去上式 <span class="arithmatex">\(T(h)\)</span> ，可得</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
-2T(h) - T(h) = T(h) = -2^0h + 2^1 + 2^2 + \cdots + 2^{h-1} + 2^h
+2T(h) - T(h) = T(h) = -2^0h + 2^1 + 2^2 + \dots + 2^{h-1} + 2^h
 \]</div>
 <p>观察上式，发现 <span class="arithmatex">\(T(h)\)</span> 是一个等比数列，可直接使用求和公式，得到时间复杂度为</p>
 <div class="arithmatex">\[
diff --git a/chapter_heap/heap/index.html b/chapter_heap/heap/index.html
index 8cf121474..cb4f652ab 100644
--- a/chapter_heap/heap/index.html
+++ b/chapter_heap/heap/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_heap/index.html b/chapter_heap/index.html
index 24d51713d..1baedabbc 100644
--- a/chapter_heap/index.html
+++ b/chapter_heap/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_heap/summary/index.html b/chapter_heap/summary/index.html
index e3aa95706..b86fad350 100644
--- a/chapter_heap/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_heap/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_heap/top_k/index.html b/chapter_heap/top_k/index.html
index 4f9d428d7..fa277c49c 100644
--- a/chapter_heap/top_k/index.html
+++ b/chapter_heap/top_k/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3432,7 +3432,7 @@
 </div>
 <p>对于该问题，我们先介绍两种思路比较直接的解法，再介绍效率更高的堆解法。</p>
 <h2 id="831">8.3.1 &nbsp; 方法一：遍历选择<a class="headerlink" href="#831" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
-<p>我们可以进行 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 轮遍历，分别在每轮中提取第 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\cdots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 大的元素，时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk)\)</span> 。</p>
+<p>我们可以进行 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 轮遍历，分别在每轮中提取第 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 大的元素，时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk)\)</span> 。</p>
 <p>该方法只适用于 <span class="arithmatex">\(k \ll n\)</span> 的情况，因为当 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 与 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 比较接近时，其时间复杂度趋向于 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> ，非常耗时。</p>
 <p><img alt="遍历寻找最大的 k 个元素" src="../top_k.assets/top_k_traversal.png" /></p>
 <p align="center"> 图：遍历寻找最大的 k 个元素 </p>
diff --git a/chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/index.html b/chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/index.html
index e7db17807..582f284b9 100644
--- a/chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/index.html
+++ b/chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/index.html
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_introduction/index.html b/chapter_introduction/index.html
index c1f4cd391..ab6f91f28 100644
--- a/chapter_introduction/index.html
+++ b/chapter_introduction/index.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_introduction/summary/index.html b/chapter_introduction/summary/index.html
index cc50e2864..76d17631a 100644
--- a/chapter_introduction/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_introduction/summary/index.html
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3450,13 +3450,13 @@
         
         
           
-          <a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="下一页: 第 2 章 &amp;nbsp; 复杂度" rel="next">
+          <a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="下一页: 第 2 章 &amp;nbsp; 时空复杂度" rel="next">
             <div class="md-footer__title">
               <span class="md-footer__direction">
                 下一页
               </span>
               <div class="md-ellipsis">
-                第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+                第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
               </div>
             </div>
             <div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
diff --git a/chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/index.html b/chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/index.html
index 71bfbb45d..92f6ec213 100644
--- a/chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/index.html
+++ b/chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/index.html
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3449,7 +3449,7 @@
 <p>数据结构与算法高度相关、紧密结合，具体表现在以下几个方面。</p>
 <ul>
 <li>数据结构是算法的基石。数据结构为算法提供了结构化存储的数据，以及用于操作数据的方法。</li>
-<li>算法是数据结构发挥作用的舞台。数据结构本身仅存储数据信息，通过结合算法才能解决特定问题。</li>
+<li>算法是数据结构发挥作用的舞台。数据结构本身仅存储数据信息，结合算法才能解决特定问题。</li>
 <li>特定算法通常会有对应最优的数据结构。算法通常可以基于不同的数据结构进行实现，但最终执行效率可能相差很大。</li>
 </ul>
 <p><img alt="数据结构与算法的关系" src="../what_is_dsa.assets/relationship_between_data_structure_and_algorithm.png" /></p>
diff --git a/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html b/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html
index 2e472eecd..e3d555680 100644
--- a/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html
+++ b/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3444,7 +3444,7 @@
 <p>本书主要内容包括：</p>
 <ul>
 <li><strong>复杂度分析</strong>：数据结构和算法的评价维度与方法。时间复杂度、空间复杂度的推算方法、常见类型、示例等。</li>
-<li><strong>数据结构</strong>：基本数据类型，数据结构的分类方法。数组、链表、栈、队列、散列表、树、堆、图等数据结构的定义、优缺点、常用操作、常见类型、典型应用、实现方法等。</li>
+<li><strong>数据结构</strong>：基本数据类型，数据结构的分类方法。数组、链表、栈、队列、哈希表、树、堆、图等数据结构的定义、优缺点、常用操作、常见类型、典型应用、实现方法等。</li>
 <li><strong>算法</strong>：搜索、排序、分治、回溯、动态规划、贪心等算法的定义、优缺点、效率、应用场景、解题步骤、示例题目等。</li>
 </ul>
 <p><img alt="Hello 算法内容结构" src="../about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.png" /></p>
diff --git a/chapter_preface/index.html b/chapter_preface/index.html
index 2c861b762..e9180384f 100644
--- a/chapter_preface/index.html
+++ b/chapter_preface/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_preface/suggestions/index.html b/chapter_preface/suggestions/index.html
index e96cf8a5b..b12a151e9 100644
--- a/chapter_preface/suggestions/index.html
+++ b/chapter_preface/suggestions/index.html
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_preface/summary/index.html b/chapter_preface/summary/index.html
index 9c423cc1f..9bba74c34 100644
--- a/chapter_preface/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_preface/summary/index.html
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_reference/index.html b/chapter_reference/index.html
index 19c8336f6..f56b67440 100644
--- a/chapter_reference/index.html
+++ b/chapter_reference/index.html
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/binary_search/index.html b/chapter_searching/binary_search/index.html
index a4be21cb0..cada90a34 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/binary_search/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/binary_search/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/index.html b/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/index.html
index 5d2601a37..52ff69977 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/index.html b/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/index.html
index 33daf9e50..27476d4b2 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/index.html b/chapter_searching/index.html
index cac1cfaa0..dd63607e3 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/index.html b/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/index.html
index d3a69964e..c2dde7af3 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/index.html b/chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/index.html
index 402802d8b..65062cc61 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_searching/summary/index.html b/chapter_searching/summary/index.html
index 874c95d78..721e56e5b 100644
--- a/chapter_searching/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_searching/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/index.html
index 46e5f6aac..af1f0030a 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3940,7 +3940,7 @@
 </div>
 <h2 id="1133">11.3.3 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1133" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <ul>
-<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、自适应排序</strong> ：各轮“冒泡”遍历的数组长度依次为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\cdots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> ，总和为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{(n - 1) n}{2}\)</span> 。在引入 <code>flag</code> 优化后，最佳时间复杂度可达到 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</li>
+<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、自适应排序</strong> ：各轮“冒泡”遍历的数组长度依次为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> ，总和为 <span class="arithmatex">\((n - 1) n / 2\)</span> 。在引入 <code>flag</code> 优化后，最佳时间复杂度可达到 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</li>
 <li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 、原地排序</strong>：指针 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 使用常数大小的额外空间。</li>
 <li><strong>稳定排序</strong>：由于在“冒泡”中遇到相等元素不交换。</li>
 </ul>
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/index.html
index 22b33732d..945936ce2 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html
index 7a3f1ed13..f1da76cfb 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/heap_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/heap_sort/index.html
index 2254070da..f6e36833a 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/heap_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/heap_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/index.html b/chapter_sorting/index.html
index a39a31ec3..d14217989 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/index.html
index 9a0ce1237..fc8a83236 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3646,7 +3646,7 @@
 </div>
 <h2 id="1142">11.4.2 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1142" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <ul>
-<li><strong>时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、自适应排序</strong> ：最差情况下，每次插入操作分别需要循环 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n-2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\cdots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 次，求和得到 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{(n - 1) n}{2}\)</span> ，因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 。在遇到有序数据时，插入操作会提前终止。当输入数组完全有序时，插入排序达到最佳时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</li>
+<li><strong>时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、自适应排序</strong> ：最差情况下，每次插入操作分别需要循环 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n-2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 次，求和得到 <span class="arithmatex">\((n - 1) n / 2\)</span> ，因此时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 。在遇到有序数据时，插入操作会提前终止。当输入数组完全有序时，插入排序达到最佳时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</li>
 <li><strong>空间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 、原地排序</strong> ：指针 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 使用常数大小的额外空间。</li>
 <li><strong>稳定排序</strong>：在插入操作过程中，我们会将元素插入到相等元素的右侧，不会改变它们的顺序。</li>
 </ul>
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/merge_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/merge_sort/index.html
index 7dce27bb9..e6c85f530 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/merge_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/merge_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/quick_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/quick_sort/index.html
index e48e0306a..8d771b2bf 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/quick_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/quick_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -4440,7 +4440,7 @@
 </div>
 <h2 id="1155">11.5.5 &nbsp; 尾递归优化<a class="headerlink" href="#1155" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <p><strong>在某些输入下，快速排序可能占用空间较多</strong>。以完全倒序的输入数组为例，由于每轮哨兵划分后右子数组长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> ，递归树的高度会达到 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> ，此时需要占用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 大小的栈帧空间。</p>
-<p>为了防止栈帧空间的累积，我们可以在每轮哨兵排序完成后，比较两个子数组的长度，<strong>仅对较短的子数组进行递归</strong>。由于较短子数组的长度不会超过 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n}{2}\)</span> ，因此这种方法能确保递归深度不超过 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log n\)</span> ，从而将最差空间复杂度优化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 。</p>
+<p>为了防止栈帧空间的累积，我们可以在每轮哨兵排序完成后，比较两个子数组的长度，<strong>仅对较短的子数组进行递归</strong>。由于较短子数组的长度不会超过 <span class="arithmatex">\(n / 2\)</span> ，因此这种方法能确保递归深度不超过 <span class="arithmatex">\(\log n\)</span> ，从而将最差空间复杂度优化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span> 。</p>
 <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Rust</label></div>
 <div class="tabbed-content">
 <div class="tabbed-block">
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/radix_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/radix_sort/index.html
index 618309a5d..b394da0f7 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/radix_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/radix_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/selection_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/selection_sort/index.html
index 2315892c5..a5e5a4642 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/selection_sort/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/selection_sort/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3662,7 +3662,7 @@
 </div>
 <h2 id="1121">11.2.1 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1121" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <ul>
-<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、非自适应排序</strong>：外循环共 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 轮，第一轮的未排序区间长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，最后一轮的未排序区间长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> ，即各轮外循环分别包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\cdots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 轮内循环，求和为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\)</span> 。</li>
+<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、非自适应排序</strong>：外循环共 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 轮，第一轮的未排序区间长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ，最后一轮的未排序区间长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> ，即各轮外循环分别包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 轮内循环，求和为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\)</span> 。</li>
 <li><strong>空间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 、原地排序</strong>：指针 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 使用常数大小的额外空间。</li>
 <li><strong>非稳定排序</strong>：在交换元素时，有可能将 <code>nums[i]</code> 交换至其相等元素的右边，导致两者的相对顺序发生改变。</li>
 </ul>
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/index.html b/chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/index.html
index b59e3d95c..bcb635cfb 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_sorting/summary/index.html b/chapter_sorting/summary/index.html
index e105ec85e..3ff7bab73 100644
--- a/chapter_sorting/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_sorting/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/index.html b/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/index.html
index c765872d8..04f455bc1 100644
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/index.html
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/index.html b/chapter_stack_and_queue/index.html
index 733c2d4d1..7142bc847 100644
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/index.html
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/index.html b/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/index.html
index a36d5fa43..da20e03c6 100644
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/index.html
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/index.html b/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/index.html
index 5286b83da..109e2f228 100644
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/index.html
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/index.html b/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/index.html
index 8c81d8eef..fb144eea4 100644
--- a/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1219,7 +1219,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3513,13 +3513,13 @@
         
         
           
-          <a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="下一页: 第 6 章 &amp;nbsp; 散列表" rel="next">
+          <a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="下一页: 第 6 章 &amp;nbsp; 哈希表" rel="next">
             <div class="md-footer__title">
               <span class="md-footer__direction">
                 下一页
               </span>
               <div class="md-ellipsis">
-                第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+                第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
               </div>
             </div>
             <div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
diff --git a/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/index.html b/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/index.html
index 6b27871a1..323e4d2b1 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_tree/avl_tree/index.html b/chapter_tree/avl_tree/index.html
index 99cf97c3b..59d3af37b 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/avl_tree/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/avl_tree/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html b/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html
index 0e09215b4..a981e1528 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_tree/binary_tree/index.html b/chapter_tree/binary_tree/index.html
index ea84332d8..c9264423c 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/binary_tree/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/binary_tree/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/index.html b/chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/index.html
index 0f5d5f90e..e363e7a28 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -3704,7 +3704,7 @@
 </div>
 </div>
 <p><strong>时间复杂度</strong>：所有节点被访问一次，使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 时间，其中 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 为节点数量。</p>
-<p><strong>空间复杂度</strong>：在最差情况下，即满二叉树时，遍历到最底层之前，队列中最多同时存在 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{n + 1}{2}\)</span> 个节点，占用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 空间。</p>
+<p><strong>空间复杂度</strong>：在最差情况下，即满二叉树时，遍历到最底层之前，队列中最多同时存在 <span class="arithmatex">\((n + 1) / 2\)</span> 个节点，占用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 空间。</p>
 <h2 id="722">7.2.2 &nbsp; 前序、中序、后序遍历<a class="headerlink" href="#722" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
 <p>相应地，前序、中序和后序遍历都属于「深度优先遍历 depth-first traversal」，它体现了一种“先走到尽头，再回溯继续”的遍历方式。</p>
 <p>如下图所示，左侧是深度优先遍历的示意图，右上方是对应的递归代码。深度优先遍历就像是绕着整个二叉树的外围“走”一圈，在这个过程中，在每个节点都会遇到三个位置，分别对应前序遍历、中序遍历和后序遍历。</p>
diff --git a/chapter_tree/index.html b/chapter_tree/index.html
index 51aa1e93c..0255d4b2b 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/chapter_tree/summary/index.html b/chapter_tree/summary/index.html
index 1b74e1562..507075c21 100644
--- a/chapter_tree/summary/index.html
+++ b/chapter_tree/summary/index.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 748b41f12..493131f9c 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+    第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
   </span>
   
 
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 2 章 &nbsp; 复杂度
+            第 2 章 &nbsp; 时空复杂度
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@
     <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
   
   <span class="md-ellipsis">
-    第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+    第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
   </span>
   
 
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@
         <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
           <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
             <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
-            第 6 章 &nbsp; 散列表
+            第 6 章 &nbsp; 哈希表
           </label>
           <ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
             
diff --git a/search/search_index.json b/search/search_index.json
index 60429a842..b910a47e9 100644
--- a/search/search_index.json
+++ b/search/search_index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Home","text":"\u300a Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u300b <p> \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u7a0b </p> <p> </p>  \u63a8\u8350\u8bed  <p>Quote</p> <p>\u201c\u4e00\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u201d</p> <p>\u2014\u2014 \u9093\u4fca\u8f89\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u6559\u6388</p> <p>Quote</p> <p>\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5f53\u5e74\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u300aHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5b66\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355 10 \u500d\uff01\u201d</p> <p>\u2014\u2014 \u674e\u6c90\uff0c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u8d44\u6df1\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6</p>  \u5168\u4e66\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3  <p> \u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1\u7535\u8111\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u3001\u624b\u673a\u5168\u7ec8\u7aef\u9605\u8bfb </p> <p></p> <p><p> \"A picture is worth a thousand words.\" </p> <p> \u201c\u4e00\u56fe\u80dc\u5343\u8a00\u201d </p></p>  \u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c  <p> \u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u7686\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u652f\u6301 Java, C++, Python, Go, JS, TS, C#, Swift, Zig \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00 </p> <p></p> <p><p> \"Talk is cheap. Show me the code.\" </p> <p> \u201c\u5c11\u5439\u725b\uff0c\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u201d </p></p>  \u53ef\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u63d0\u95ee  <p> \u9f13\u52b1\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u4e92\u5e2e\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u5728\u4e24\u65e5\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d </p> <p></p> <p><p> \u201c\u8ffd\u98ce\u8d76\u6708\u83ab\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u5e73\u829c\u5c3d\u5904\u662f\u6625\u5c71\u201d </p> <p> \u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9\uff01 </p></p>  \u5e8f  <p>\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u529b\u6263\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u300a\u5251\u6307 Offer\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u9898\u89e3\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u559c\u7231\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u9010\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002</p> <p>\u4e24\u773c\u4e00\u62b9\u9ed1\u5730\u5237\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5237\u9898\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u73a9\u201c\u626b\u96f7\u201d\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u81ea\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u5730\u5c06\u5730\u96f7\u9010\u4e2a\u6392\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u70b8\u7684\u6ee1\u5934\u662f\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u632b\u6298\u4e2d\u6b65\u6b65\u9000\u7f29\u3002\u901a\u8bfb\u6559\u6750\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u6c42\u804c\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5b63\u3001\u6295\u9012\u7b80\u5386\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u7b14\u8bd5\u9762\u8bd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u5e78\u8fd0\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u5230 Offer \uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5730\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u5730\u96f7\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u6392\u96f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u9886\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u5237\u9898\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002</p>  \u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb  <p>\u9773\u5b87\u680b (Krahets)\uff0c\u5927\u5382\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3002\u529b\u6263\uff08LeetCode\uff09\u5168\u7f51\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u535a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5176 LeetBook\u300a\u56fe\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba2\u9605 24 \u4e07\u672c\u3002</p>  \u81f4\u8c22  <p>\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4f17\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u957f\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5949\u732e\u4f7f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u6309\u7167 GitHub \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff1a</p> <p> </p> <p>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u9605\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 Gonglja, gvenusleo, justin\u2010tse, krahets, nuomi1, Reanon, sjinzh \u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6309\u7167\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u3002</p> <sub>Gonglja</sub><sub>C / C++</sub> <sub>gvenusleo</sub><sub>Dart</sub> <sub>hpstory</sub><sub>C#</sub> <sub>justin-tse</sub><sub>JS / TS</sub> <sub>krahets</sub><sub>Java / Python</sub> <sub>nuomi1</sub><sub>Swift</sub> <sub>Reanon</sub><sub>Go / C</sub> <sub>sjinzh</sub><sub>Rust / Zig</sub>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/","title":"\u7b2c 16 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u9644\u5f55","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5</li> <li>16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/","title":"16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9057\u6f0f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u8c05\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b14\u8bef\u3001\u5931\u6548\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u6216\u884c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u534f\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfb\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u3002</p> <p>\u6240\u6709\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684 GitHub ID \u5c06\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u548c PDF \u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5949\u732e\u3002</p> <p>\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u9b45\u529b</p> <p>\u7eb8\u8d28\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u5370\u5237\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u65b0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\u5728\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u8fed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u6570\u65e5\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1621","title":"16.2.1 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u5fae\u8c03","text":"<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u672c\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u70b9\u51fb\u9875\u9762\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u56fe\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u201c\u9700\u8981 Fork \u6b64\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8bf7\u540c\u610f\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u4fee\u6539 Markdown \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u6392\u7248\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\u586b\u5199\u4fee\u6539\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u201cPropose file change\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9875\u9762\u7f16\u8f91\u6309\u952e </p> <p>\u56fe\u7247\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u5efa Issue \u6216\u8bc4\u8bba\u7559\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed8\u5236\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u56fe\u7247\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1622","title":"16.2.2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b64\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd Pull Request \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u767b\u5f55 GitHub \uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u4ed3\u5e93 Fork \u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0b\u3002</li> <li>\u8fdb\u5165\u60a8\u7684 Fork \u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>git clone</code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ed3\u5e93\u514b\u9686\u81f3\u672c\u5730\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6240\u505a\u66f4\u6539 Commit \uff0c\u7136\u540e Push \u81f3\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002</li> <li>\u5237\u65b0\u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1623-docker","title":"16.2.3 \u00a0 Docker \u90e8\u7f72","text":"<p>\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b Docker \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7a0d\u7b49\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5728\u7f51\u9875 <code>http://localhost:8000</code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u3002</p> <pre><code>git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git\ncd hello-algo\ndocker-compose up -d\n</code></pre> <p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u90e8\u7f72\u3002</p> <pre><code>docker-compose down\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/","title":"16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1611-vscode","title":"16.1.1 \u00a0 VSCode","text":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u6e90\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 VSCode \u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730 IDE \uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 VSCode \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1612-java","title":"16.1.2 \u00a0 Java \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 OpenJDK\uff08\u7248\u672c\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3 &gt; JDK 9\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>java</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Extension Pack for Java \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1613-cc","title":"16.1.3 \u00a0 C/C++ \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 MinGW\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\uff0cMacOS \u81ea\u5e26 Clang \u65e0\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>c++</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C/C++ Extension Pack \u3002</li> <li>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u6253\u5f00 Settings \u9875\u9762\uff0c\u641c\u7d22 <code>Clang_format_fallback Style</code> \u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <code>{ BasedOnStyle: Microsoft, BreakBeforeBraces: Attach }</code> \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1614-python","title":"16.1.4 \u00a0 Python \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Miniconda3 \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>python</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Python Extension Pack \u3002</li> <li>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 <code>pip install black</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1615-go","title":"16.1.5 \u00a0 Go \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 go \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>go</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Go \u3002</li> <li>\u5feb\u6377\u952e <code>Ctrl + Shift + P</code> \u547c\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u680f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 go \uff0c\u9009\u62e9 <code>Go: Install/Update Tools</code> \uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u52fe\u9009\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1616-javascript","title":"16.1.6 \u00a0 JavaScript \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 node.js \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>javascript</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 JavaScript (ES6) code snippets \u3002</li> <li>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>Prettier</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1617-c","title":"16.1.7 \u00a0 C# \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 .Net 6.0 \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>C# Dev Kit</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C# Dev Kit \uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 Visual Studio\uff08\u5b89\u88c5\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1618-swift","title":"16.1.8 \u00a0 Swift \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Swift\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>swift</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Swift for Visual Studio Code\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1619-dart","title":"16.1.9 \u00a0 Dart \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>dart</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#16110-rust","title":"16.1.10 \u00a0 Rust \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Rust\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>rust</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 rust-analyzer\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/","title":"\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u7779\u539a\u5b9e\u7684\u7816\u5899\u3002</p> <p>\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7816\u5757\u6574\u9f50\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u7d27\u8d34\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7816\u5757\u5206\u6563\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u85e4\u8513\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u7816\u7f1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4</li> <li>4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868</li> <li>4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868</li> <li>4.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/","title":"4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u300c\u7d22\u5f15 index\u300d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f </p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#411","title":"4.1.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3001\u7ed9\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\nint arr[5];\nint nums[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff08\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\nint* arr1 = new int[5];\nint* nums1 = new int[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\narr: list[int] = [0] * 5  # [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]\nnums: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]  \n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr [5]int\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[5]int\uff09\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[]int\uff09\u4e3a\u5207\u7247\n// \u7531\u4e8e Go \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u6269\u5bb9 extend() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u5207\u7247\uff08Slice\uff09\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Array\uff09\nnums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr = new Array(5).fill(0);\nvar nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: number[] = new Array(5).fill(0);\nlet nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>int arr[5] = { 0 }; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: 5) // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar arr = [_]i32{0} ** 5; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nvar nums = [_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nList&lt;int&gt; arr = List.filled(5, 0); // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![0; 5]; // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b64\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <pre><code># \u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 = \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff09 + \u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6 * \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nelementAddr = firtstElementAddr + elementLength * elementIndex\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u4e5f\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int[] nums) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = rand() % size;\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def random_access(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, len(nums)-1] \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nrandom_index = random.randint(0, len(nums) - 1)\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nrandom_num = nums[random_index]\nreturn random_num\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums []int) (randomNum int) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nrandomIndex := rand.Intn(len(nums))\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nrandomNum = nums[randomIndex]\nreturn\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nconst random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nconst random_num = nums[random_index];\nreturn random_num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums: number[]): number {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nconst random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nconst random_num = nums[random_index];\nreturn random_num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = rand() % size;\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int[] nums) {\nRandom random = new();\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.Length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = random.Next(nums.Length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.count) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nlet randomIndex = nums.indices.randomElement()!\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nlet randomNum = nums[randomIndex]\nreturn randomNum\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfn randomAccess(nums: []i32) i32 {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\nvar randomIndex = std.crypto.random.intRangeLessThan(usize, 0, nums.len);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nvar randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(List nums) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = Random().nextInt(nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn random_access(nums: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len()) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nlet random_index = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0..nums.len());\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nlet random_num = nums[random_index];\nrandom_num\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u201c\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u201c\u4e22\u5931\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7559\u5728\u5217\u8868\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def insert(nums: list[int], num: int, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\"\"\"\n# \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1, index, -1):\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n# \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums []int, num int, index int) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; index; i-- {\nnums[i] = nums[i-1]\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums, num, index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums: number[], num: number, index: number): void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums: inout [Int], num: Int, index: Int) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in sequence(first: nums.count - 1, next: { $0 &gt; index + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\nfn insert(nums: []i32, num: i32, index: usize) void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar i = nums.len - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; index) : (i -= 1) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(List nums, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfn insert(nums: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, num: i32, index: usize) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in (index + 1..nums.len()).rev() {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53d8\u5f97\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u610f\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def remove(nums: list[int], index: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in range(index, len(nums) - 1):\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums []int, index int) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i := index; i &lt; len(nums)-1; i++ {\nnums[i] = nums[i+1]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums, index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums: number[], index: number): void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; nums.Length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums: inout [Int], index: Int) {\nlet count = nums.count\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in sequence(first: index, next: { $0 &lt; count - 1 - 1 ? $0 + 1 : nil }) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nfn remove(nums: []i32, index: usize) void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar i = index;\nwhile (i &lt; nums.len - 1) : (i += 1) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(List nums, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn remove(nums: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, index: usize) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in index..nums.len() - 1 {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u4e22\u5931\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002</li> <li>\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def traverse(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\ncount = 0\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\ncount += 1\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor num in nums:\ncount += 1\n# \u540c\u65f6\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5143\u7d20\nfor i, num in enumerate(nums):\ncount += 1\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums []int) {\ncount := 0\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\ncount++\n}\ncount = 0\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor range nums {\ncount++\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums) {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums: number[]): void {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums: [Int]) {\nvar count = 0\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in nums.indices {\ncount += 1\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in nums {\ncount += 1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfn traverse(nums: []i32) void {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; nums.len) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount = 0;\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (nums) |_| {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid traverse(List nums) {\nvar count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (var num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u901a\u8fc7 forEach \u65b9\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nnums.forEach((element) {\ncount++;\n});\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn traverse(nums: &amp;[i32]) {\nlet mut _count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in 0..nums.len() {\n_count += 1;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in nums {\n_count += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u82e5\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int[] nums, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def find(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\nif nums[i] == target:\nreturn i\nreturn -1\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums []int, target int) (index int) {\nindex = -1\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\nif nums[i] == target {\nindex = i\nbreak\n}\n}\nreturn\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums, target) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] === target) return i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums: number[], target: number): number {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] === target) {\nreturn i;\n}\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int[] nums, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nfor i in nums.indices {\nif nums[i] == target {\nreturn i\n}\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\nfn find(nums: []i32, target: i32) i32 {\nfor (nums, 0..) |num, i| {\nif (num == target) return @intCast(i);\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(List nums, int target) {\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target) return i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn find(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;usize&gt; {\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\nif nums[i] == target {\nreturn Some(i);\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#7","title":"7. \u00a0 \u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] res = new int[nums.length + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint *res = new int[size + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete[] nums;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def extend(nums: list[int], enlarge: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nres = [0] * (len(nums) + enlarge)\n# \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\nres[i] = nums[i]\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums []int, enlarge int) []int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nres := make([]int, len(nums)+enlarge)\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i, num := range nums {\nres[i] = num\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cJavaScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums, enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nconst res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cTypeScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums: number[], enlarge: number): number[] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nconst res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (size + enlarge));\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = size; i &lt; size + enlarge; i++) {\nres[i] = 0;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] res = new int[nums.Length + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums: [Int], enlarge: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count + enlarge)\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in nums.indices {\nres[i] = nums[i]\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\nfn extend(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []i32, enlarge: usize) ![]i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nvar res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, nums.len + enlarge);\n@memset(res, 0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nstd.mem.copy(i32, res, nums);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nList extend(List nums, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(nums.length + enlarge, 0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn extend(nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, enlarge: usize) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nlet mut res: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![0; nums.len() + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nres\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#412","title":"4.1.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e14\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u542b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8: \u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u9500\u3002</li> <li>\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee: \u6570\u7ec4\u5141\u8bb8\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027: \u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4f4e:\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8: \u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39: \u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#413","title":"4.1.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e2\u9891\u7e41\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9e\u73b0\u6837\u672c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u3002</li> <li>\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u5230 ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/","title":"4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u94fe\u8868 linked list\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u300c\u8282\u70b9 node\u300d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u503c\u201d\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 Java, C++, Python \u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(\\text{null}\\) , \\(\\text{nullptr}\\) , \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 C, C++, Go, Rust \u7b49\u652f\u6301\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u5e94\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 <code>ListNode</code> \u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u989d\u5916\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class ListNode:\n\"\"\"\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                  # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.next: Optional[ListNode] = None # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype ListNode struct {\nVal  int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nNext *ListNode // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n// NewListNode \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nfunc NewListNode(val int) *ListNode {\nreturn &amp;ListNode{\nVal:  val,\nNext: nil,\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval;\nnext;\nconstructor(val, next) {\nthis.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val);       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = (next === undefined ? null : next); // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval: number;\nnext: ListNode | null;\nconstructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = next === undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nstruct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n};\ntypedef struct ListNode ListNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\nListNode *node, *next;\nnode = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;next = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;   // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) =&gt; val = x;  //\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\ninit(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nval = x\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nval: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\npub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\nself.val = x;\nself.next = null;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode? next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(this.val, [this.next]); // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\nval: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#421","title":"4.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u8868\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411 <code>next</code> \u4f9d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\nn1-&gt;next = n2;\nn2-&gt;next = n3;\nn3-&gt;next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 = ListNode(1)\nn1 = ListNode(3)\nn2 = ListNode(2)\nn3 = ListNode(5)\nn4 = ListNode(4)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 := NewListNode(1)\nn1 := NewListNode(3)\nn2 := NewListNode(2)\nn3 := NewListNode(5)\nn4 := NewListNode(4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.Next = n1\nn1.Next = n2\nn2.Next = n3\nn3.Next = n4\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = newListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = newListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = newListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = newListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = newListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\nn1-&gt;next = n2;\nn2-&gt;next = n3;\nn3-&gt;next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = ListNode(x: 1)\nlet n1 = ListNode(x: 3)\nlet n2 = ListNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = ListNode(x: 5)\nlet n4 = ListNode(x: 4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar n0 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 1};\nvar n1 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 3};\nvar n2 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 2};\nvar n3 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 5};\nvar n4 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 4};\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = &amp;n1;\nn1.next = &amp;n2;\nn2.next = &amp;n3;\nn3.next = &amp;n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\\\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 1, next: None }));\nlet n1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 3, next: None }));\nlet n2 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 2, next: None }));\nlet n3 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 5, next: None }));\nlet n4 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 4, next: None }));\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.borrow_mut().next = Some(n1.clone());\nn1.borrow_mut().next = Some(n2.clone());\nn2.borrow_mut().next = Some(n3.clone());\nn3.borrow_mut().next = Some(n4.clone());\n</code></pre> <p>\u6570\u7ec4\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20 <code>nums[0]</code> , <code>nums[1]</code> \u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u5f53\u4f5c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4ee3\u79f0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u88ab\u8bb0\u505a\u94fe\u8868 <code>n0</code> \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 <code>n0</code> , <code>n1</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 <code>P</code> \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\nListNode n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\nListNode *n1 = n0-&gt;next;\nP-&gt;next = n1;\nn0-&gt;next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode):\n\"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\"\"\"\nn1 = n0.next\nP.next = n1\nn0.next = P\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insertNode(n0 *ListNode, P *ListNode) {\nn1 := n0.Next\nP.Next = n1\nn0.Next = P\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0, P) {\nconst n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode): void {\nconst n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\nListNode *n1 = n0-&gt;next;\nP-&gt;next = n1;\nn0-&gt;next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\nListNode? n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode) {\nlet n1 = n0.next\nP.next = n1\nn0.next = P\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nfn insert(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), P: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\nvar n1 = n0.?.next;\nP.?.next = n1;\nn0.?.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\nListNode? n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn insert&lt;T&gt;(n0: &amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;, P: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nlet n1 =  n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\nP.borrow_mut().next = n1;\nn0.borrow_mut().next = Some(P);\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8282\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411 <code>n1</code> \uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u904d\u5386\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 <code>P</code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 <code>P</code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u4e86\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\nif (n0.next == null)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode P = n0.next;\nListNode n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode *n0) {\nif (n0-&gt;next == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode *P = n0-&gt;next;\nListNode *n1 = P-&gt;next;\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def remove(n0: ListNode):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nif not n0.next:\nreturn\n# n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nP = n0.next\nn1 = P.next\nn0.next = n1\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc removeNode(n0 *ListNode) {\nif n0.Next == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nP := n0.Next\nn1 := P.Next\nn0.Next = n1\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0) {\nif (!n0.next) return;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nconst P = n0.next;\nconst n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0: ListNode): void {\nif (!n0.next) {\nreturn;\n}\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nconst P = n0.next;\nconst n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeNode(ListNode *n0) {\nif (!n0-&gt;next)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode *P = n0-&gt;next;\nListNode *n1 = P-&gt;next;\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfree(P);\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\nif (n0.next == null)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode P = n0.next;\nListNode? n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(n0: ListNode) {\nif n0.next == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nlet P = n0.next\nlet n1 = P?.next\nn0.next = n1\nP?.next = nil\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\nif (n0.?.next == null) return;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nvar P = n0.?.next;\nvar n1 = P.?.next;\nn0.?.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\nif (n0.next == null) return;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode P = n0.next!;\nListNode? n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn remove&lt;T&gt;(n0: &amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nif n0.borrow().next.is_none() {return};\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nlet P = n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\nif let Some(node) = P {\nlet n1 = node.borrow_mut().next.take();\nn0.borrow_mut().next = n1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(i - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode access(ListNode head, int index) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == null)\nreturn null;\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\nhead = head-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def access(head: ListNode, index: int) -&gt; ListNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nfor _ in range(index):\nif not head:\nreturn None\nhead = head.next\nreturn head\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head *ListNode, index int) *ListNode {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; index; i++ {\nif head == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\nhead = head.Next\n}\nreturn head\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head, index) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (!head) {\nreturn null;\n}\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head: ListNode | null, index: number): ListNode | null {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (!head) {\nreturn null;\n}\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\nwhile (head &amp;&amp; head-&gt;next &amp;&amp; index) {\nhead = head-&gt;next;\nindex--;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? access(ListNode head, int index) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == null)\nreturn null;\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head: ListNode, index: Int) -&gt; ListNode? {\nvar head: ListNode? = head\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; index {\nif head == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\nhead = head?.next\n}\nreturn head\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\nfn access(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), index: i32) ?*inc.ListNode(i32) {\nvar head = node;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; index) : (i += 1) {\nhead = head.?.next;\nif (head == null) return null;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? access(ListNode? head, int index) {\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == null) return null;\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn access&lt;T&gt;(head: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;, index: i32) -&gt; Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nif index &lt;= 0 {return head};\nif let Some(node) = &amp;head.borrow_mut().next {\nreturn access(node.clone(), index - 1);\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u94fe\u8868\u5185\u503c\u4e3a <code>target</code> \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head.next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != nullptr) {\nif (head-&gt;val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head-&gt;next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def find(head: ListNode, target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nindex = 0\nwhile head:\nif head.val == target:\nreturn index\nhead = head.next\nindex += 1\nreturn -1\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc findNode(head *ListNode, target int) int {\nindex := 0\nfor head != nil {\nif head.Val == target {\nreturn index\n}\nhead = head.Next\nindex++\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head, target) {\nlet index = 0;\nwhile (head !== null) {\nif (head.val === target) {\nreturn index;\n}\nhead = head.next;\nindex += 1;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head: ListNode | null, target: number): number {\nlet index = 0;\nwhile (head !== null) {\nif (head.val === target) {\nreturn index;\n}\nhead = head.next;\nindex += 1;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head) {\nif (head-&gt;val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head-&gt;next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head.next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc find(head: ListNode, target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar head: ListNode? = head\nvar index = 0\nwhile head != nil {\nif head?.val == target {\nreturn index\n}\nhead = head?.next\nindex += 1\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn find(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), target: i32) i32 {\nvar head = node;\nvar index: i32 = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.?.val == target) return index;\nhead = head.?.next;\nindex += 1;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode? head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.val == target) {\nreturn index;\n}\nhead = head.next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn find&lt;T: PartialEq&gt;(head: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;, target: T, index: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif head.borrow().val == target {return index};\nif let Some(node) = &amp;head.borrow_mut().next {\nreturn find(node.clone(), target, index + 1);\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#422-vs","title":"4.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4 VS \u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>\u4e0b\u8868\u603b\u7ed3\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f \u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u79bb\u6563\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027 \u53cb\u597d \u4e0d\u53cb\u597d \u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5c55 \u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8 \u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u6269\u5c55 \u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387 \u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5c11\u3001\u6d6a\u8d39\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u591a \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#423","title":"4.2.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5373\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u503c\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7a7a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee4\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u4e0e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u671d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nListNode *prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr), prev(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class ListNode:\n\"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                   # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.next: Optional[ListNode] = None  # \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nself.prev: Optional[ListNode] = None  # \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype DoublyListNode struct {\nVal  int             // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nNext *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nPrev *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n// NewDoublyListNode \u521d\u59cb\u5316\nfunc NewDoublyListNode(val int) *DoublyListNode {\nreturn &amp;DoublyListNode{\nVal:  val,\nNext: nil,\nPrev: nil,\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval;\nnext;\nprev;\nconstructor(val, next, prev) {\nthis.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nthis.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval: number;\nnext: ListNode | null;\nprev: ListNode | null;\nconstructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null, prev?: ListNode | null) {\nthis.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nthis.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nstruct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nstruct ListNode *prev; // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n};\ntypedef struct ListNode ListNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\nListNode *node, *next;\nnode = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;next = NULL;\nnode-&gt;prev = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) =&gt; val = x;  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nvar prev: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\ninit(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nval = x\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nval: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nprev: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\npub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\nself.val = x;\nself.next = null;\nself.prev = null;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(this.val, [this.next, this.prev]);  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\nval: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nprev: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nimpl ListNode {\nfn new(val: i32) -&gt; Self {\nListNode {\nval,\nnext: None,\nprev: None,\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u79cd\u7c7b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#424","title":"4.2.4 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6563\u5217\u8868\u548c\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6808\uff1b\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u961f\u5217\u3002</li> <li>\u6563\u5217\u8868\uff1a\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002</li> <li>LRU \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08LRU\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 CPU \u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0cCPU \u5c06\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u64ad\u653e\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u5757\u5e76\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u64ad\u653e\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/","title":"4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e8b\u5148\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 dynamic array\u300d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5217\u8868 list\u300d\u3002\u5217\u8868\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#431","title":"4.3.1 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list1 = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u4e3a int[] \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer[]\uff09\nInteger[] numbers = new Integer[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(Arrays.asList(numbers));\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cC++ \u4e2d vector \u5373\u662f\u672c\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 list\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector&lt;int&gt; list1;\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector&lt;int&gt; list = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\n# \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist1: list[int] = []\n# \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist1 := []int\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list1: number[] = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = new ();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nint[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\nList&lt;int&gt; list = numbers.ToList();\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet list1: [Int] = []\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvar list = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\nvar list = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer list.deinit();\ntry list.appendSlice(&amp;[_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 });\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;int&gt; list = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet list1: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = Vec::new();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet list2: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u5217\u8868\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list.get(1);  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.set(1, 0);  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nnum: int = list[1]  # \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nlist[1] = 0    # \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nnum := list[1]  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0     // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num: number = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num = list[1] // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0 // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nvar num = list.items[1]; // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nlist.items[1] = 0; // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0  \n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num: i32 = list[1];    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;               // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.add(1);\nlist.add(3);\nlist.add(2);\nlist.add(5);\nlist.add(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.add(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.remove(3);  // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push_back(1);\nlist.push_back(3);\nlist.push_back(2);\nlist.push_back(5);\nlist.push_back(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(list.begin() + 3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.erase(list.begin() + 3);      // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nlist.clear()\n# \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nlist.append(1)\nlist.append(3)\nlist.append(2)\nlist.append(5)\nlist.append(4)\n# \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\nlist.insert(3, 6)  # \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n# \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nlist.pop(3)        # \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist = nil\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist = append(list, 1)\nlist = append(list, 3)\nlist = append(list, 2)\nlist = append(list, 5)\nlist = append(list, 4)\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist = append(list[:3], append([]int{6}, list[3:]...)...) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist = append(list[:3], list[4:]...) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.length = 0;\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push(1);\nlist.push(3);\nlist.push(2);\nlist.push(5);\nlist.push(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 0, 6);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 1);\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.length = 0;\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push(1);\nlist.push(3);\nlist.push(2);\nlist.push(5);\nlist.push(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 0, 6);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 1);\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.Clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.Add(1);\nlist.Add(3);\nlist.Add(2);\nlist.Add(5);\nlist.Add(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.Insert(3, 6);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.RemoveAt(3);\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.removeAll()\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.append(1)\nlist.append(3)\nlist.append(2)\nlist.append(5)\nlist.append(4)\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(6, at: 3) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.remove(at: 3) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nlist.clearRetainingCapacity();\n// \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\ntry list.append(1);\ntry list.append(3);\ntry list.append(2);\ntry list.append(5);\ntry list.append(4);\n// \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\ntry list.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n// \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n_ = list.orderedRemove(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.add(1);\nlist.add(3);\nlist.add(2);\nlist.add(5);\nlist.add(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.removeAt(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push(1);\nlist.push(3);\nlist.push(2);\nlist.push(5);\nlist.push(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.remove(3);    // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int n : list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int n : list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\ncount = 0\nfor i in range(len(list)):\ncount += 1\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\ncount = 0\nfor n in list:\ncount += 1\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\ncount := 0\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(list); i++ {\ncount++\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor range list {\ncount++\n}\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const n of list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const n of list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.Count; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nforeach (int n in list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nvar count = 0\nfor _ in list.indices {\ncount += 1\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor _ in list {\ncount += 1\n}\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; list.items.len) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\ncount = 0;\nfor (list.items) |_| {\ncount += 1;\n}\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int n in list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet mut count = 0;\nfor (index, value) in list.iter().enumerate() {\ncount += 1;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet mut count = 0;\nfor value in list.iter() {\ncount += 1;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u62fc\u63a5\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5217\u8868 <code>list1</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5217\u8868\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list1 = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 }));\nlist.addAll(list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; list1 = { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\nlist.insert(list.end(), list1.begin(), list1.end());\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nlist1: list[int] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nlist += list1  # \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist1 := []int{6, 8, 7, 10, 9}\nlist = append(list, list1...)  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst list1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.push(...list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst list1: number[] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.push(...list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = new() { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };\nlist.AddRange(list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet list1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nlist.append(contentsOf: list1) // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nvar list1 = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer list1.deinit();\ntry list1.appendSlice(&amp;[_]i32{ 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 });\ntry list.insertSlice(list.items.len, list1.items); // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.addAll(list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet list1: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.extend(list1);\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u5217\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nCollections.sort(list);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort(list.begin(), list.end());  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nlist.sort()  # \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort.Ints(list)  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */  list.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.Sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort() // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nstd.sort.sort(i32, list.items, {}, comptime std.sort.asc(i32));\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#432","title":"4.3.2 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Java, C++, Python \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8003\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u6e90\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 10 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf size\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u3002</li> <li>\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u82e5\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 2 \u500d\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate int[] nums; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate int capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate int size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate int extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic MyList() {\nnums = new int[capacity];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int get(int index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\nnums[size] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n}\nnums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int remove(int index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nint num = nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; size - 1; j++) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nsize--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npublic void extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = Arrays.copyOf(nums, capacity() * extendRatio);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ncapacity = nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nint size = size();\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] nums = new int[size];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate:\nint *nums;             // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint numsCapacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nint numsSize = 0;      // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nint extendRatio = 2;   // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nMyList() {\nnums = new int[numsCapacity];\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n~MyList() {\ndelete[] nums;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nint size() {\nreturn numsSize;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn numsCapacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(int index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size() == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\nnums[size()] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size() == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = size() - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n}\nnums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nint remove(int index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nint num = nums[index];\n// \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; size() - 1; j++) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nint newCapacity = capacity() * extendRatio;\nint *tmp = nums;\nnums = new int[newCapacity];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nnums[i] = tmp[i];\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete[] tmp;\nnumsCapacity = newCapacity;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Vector \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvector&lt;int&gt; vec(size());\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nvec[i] = nums[i];\n}\nreturn vec;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> my_list.py<pre><code>class MyList:\n\"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__capacity: int = 10  # \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.__nums: list[int] = [0] * self.__capacity  # \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nself.__size: int = 0  # \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nself.__extend_ratio: int = 2  # \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef capacity(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn self.__capacity\ndef get(self, index: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\nreturn self.__nums[index]\ndef set(self, num: int, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\nself.__nums[index] = num\ndef add(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.size() == self.capacity():\nself.extend_capacity()\nself.__nums[self.__size] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef insert(self, num: int, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n# \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nself.extend_capacity()\n# \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in range(self.__size - 1, index - 1, -1):\nself.__nums[j + 1] = self.__nums[j]\nself.__nums[index] = num\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.__size += 1\ndef remove(self, index: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\nnum = self.__nums[index]\n# \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in range(index, self.__size - 1):\nself.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.__size -= 1\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num\ndef extend_capacity(self):\n\"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\"\"\"\n# \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 __extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nself.__nums = self.__nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self.__extend_ratio - 1)\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.__capacity = len(self.__nums)\ndef to_array(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868\"\"\"\nreturn self.__nums[: self.__size]\n</code></pre> my_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\ntype myList struct {\nnumsCapacity int\nnums         []int\nnumsSize     int\nextendRatio  int\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newMyList() *myList {\nreturn &amp;myList{\nnumsCapacity: 10,              // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nnums:         make([]int, 10), // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnumsSize:     0,               // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nextendRatio:  2,               // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\nfunc (l *myList) size() int {\nreturn l.numsSize\n}\n/*  \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc (l *myList) capacity() int {\nreturn l.numsCapacity\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) get(index int) int {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nreturn l.nums[index]\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) set(num, index int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nl.nums[index] = num\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) add(num int) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif l.numsSize == l.numsCapacity {\nl.extendCapacity()\n}\nl.nums[l.numsSize] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nl.numsSize++\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) insert(num, index int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif l.numsSize == l.numsCapacity {\nl.extendCapacity()\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j := l.numsSize - 1; j &gt;= index; j-- {\nl.nums[j+1] = l.nums[j]\n}\nl.nums[index] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nl.numsSize++\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) remove(index int) int {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nnum := l.nums[index]\n// \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j := index; j &lt; l.numsSize-1; j++ {\nl.nums[j] = l.nums[j+1]\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nl.numsSize--\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nfunc (l *myList) extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nl.nums = append(l.nums, make([]int, l.numsCapacity*(l.extendRatio-1))...)\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nl.numsCapacity = len(l.nums)\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868 */\nfunc (l *myList) toArray() []int {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nreturn l.nums[:l.numsSize]\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\n#nums = new Array(); // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n#capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n#extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#nums = new Array(this.#capacity);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nsize() {\nreturn this.#size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\ncapacity() {\nreturn this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nget(index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nreturn this.#nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nset(index, num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nthis.#nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nadd(num) {\n// \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\nthis.extendCapacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.#nums[this.#size] = num;\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\ninsert(index, num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\nthis.extendCapacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = this.#size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nthis.#nums[j + 1] = this.#nums[j];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis.#nums[index] = num;\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nremove(index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nlet num = this.#nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = index; j &lt; this.#size - 1; j++) {\nthis.#nums[j] = this.#nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis.#size--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nextendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.#nums = this.#nums.concat(\nnew Array(this.capacity() * (this.#extendRatio - 1))\n);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nthis.#capacity = this.#nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\ntoArray() {\nlet size = this.size();\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst nums = new Array(size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = this.get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate nums: Array&lt;number&gt;; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate _capacity: number = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate _size: number = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate extendRatio: number = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.nums = new Array(this._capacity);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\npublic size(): number {\nreturn this._size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic capacity(): number {\nreturn this._capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic get(index: number): number {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nreturn this.nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic set(index: number, num: number): void {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nthis.nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic add(num: number): void {\n// \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this._size === this._capacity) this.extendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.nums[this._size] = num;\nthis._size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic insert(index: number, num: number): void {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (this._size === this._capacity) {\nthis.extendCapacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = this._size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nthis.nums[j + 1] = this.nums[j];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis.nums[index] = num;\nthis._size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic remove(index: number): number {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nlet num = this.nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = index; j &lt; this._size - 1; j++) {\nthis.nums[j] = this.nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis._size--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npublic extendCapacity(): void {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.nums = this.nums.concat(\nnew Array(this.capacity() * (this.extendRatio - 1))\n);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nthis._capacity = this.nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic toArray(): number[] {\nlet size = this.size();\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst nums = new Array(size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = this.get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nstruct myList {\nint *nums;       // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint capacity;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nint size;        // \u5217\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\nint extendRatio; // \u5217\u8868\u6bcf\u6b21\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n};\ntypedef struct myList myList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nmyList *newMyList() {\nmyList *list = malloc(sizeof(myList));\nlist-&gt;capacity = 10;\nlist-&gt;nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * list-&gt;capacity);\nlist-&gt;size = 0;\nlist-&gt;extendRatio = 2;\nreturn list;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delMyList(myList *list) {\nfree(list-&gt;nums);\nfree(list);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(myList *list) {\nreturn list-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(myList *list) {\nreturn list-&gt;capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(myList *list, int index) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; list-&gt;size);\nreturn list-&gt;nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(myList *list, int index, int num) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; list-&gt;size);\nlist-&gt;nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(myList *list, int num) {\nif (size(list) == capacity(list)) {\nextendCapacity(list); // \u6269\u5bb9\n}\nlist-&gt;nums[size(list)] = num;\nlist-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(myList *list, int index, int num) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; size(list));\nfor (int i = size(list); i &gt; index; --i) {\nlist-&gt;nums[i] = list-&gt;nums[i - 1];\n}\nlist-&gt;nums[index] = num;\nlist-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nint removeNum(myList *list, int index) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; size(list));\nint num = list-&gt;nums[index];\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; size(list) - 1; i++) {\nlist-&gt;nums[i] = list-&gt;nums[i + 1];\n}\nlist-&gt;size--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity(myList *list) {\n// \u5148\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\nint newCapacity = capacity(list) * list-&gt;extendRatio;\nint *extend = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);\nint *temp = list-&gt;nums;\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u636e\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(list); i++)\nextend[i] = list-&gt;nums[i];\n// \u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u6570\u636e\nfree(temp);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u6570\u636e\nlist-&gt;nums = extend;\nlist-&gt;capacity = newCapacity;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Array \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nint *toArray(myList *list) {\nreturn list-&gt;nums;\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate int[] nums;           // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate int numsCapacity = 10;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate int numsSize = 0;         // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate int extendRatio = 2;  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic MyList() {\nnums = new int[numsCapacity];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\npublic int size() {\nreturn numsSize;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn numsCapacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int get(int index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (numsSize == numsCapacity)\nextendCapacity();\nnums[numsSize] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (numsSize == numsCapacity)\nextendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = numsSize - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n}\nnums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int remove(int index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nint num = nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; numsSize - 1; j++) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npublic void extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a numsCapacity * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nArray.Resize(ref nums, numsCapacity * extendRatio);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nnumsCapacity = nums.Length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] nums = new int[numsSize];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numsSize; i++) {\nnums[i] = get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate var nums: [Int] // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate var _capacity = 10 // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate var _size = 0 // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate let extendRatio = 2 // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit() {\nnums = Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity)\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\n_size\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc capacity() -&gt; Int {\n_capacity\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc get(index: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nreturn nums[index]\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc set(index: Int, num: Int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nnums[index] = num\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc add(num: Int) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif _size == _capacity {\nextendCapacity()\n}\nnums[_size] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc insert(index: Int, num: Int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif _size == _capacity {\nextendCapacity()\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in sequence(first: _size - 1, next: { $0 &gt;= index + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]\n}\nnums[index] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc remove(index: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nlet num = nums[index]\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in index ..&lt; (_size - 1) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size -= 1\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nfunc extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = nums + Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity * (extendRatio - 1))\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n_capacity = nums.count\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\nfor i in 0 ..&lt; _size {\nnums[i] = get(index: i)\n}\nreturn nums\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\nfn MyList(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nnums: []T = undefined,                        // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnumsCapacity: usize = 10,                     // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nnumSize: usize = 0,                           // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nextendRatio: usize = 2,                       // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.numsCapacity);\n@memset(self.nums, @as(T, 0));\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.numSize;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\npub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.numsCapacity;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\npub fn get(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn self.nums[index];\n}  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\npub fn set(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) void {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nself.nums[index] = num;\n}  // \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\npub fn add(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\nself.nums[self.size()] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.numSize += 1;\n}  // \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\npub fn insert(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) !void {\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar j = self.size() - 1;\nwhile (j &gt;= index) : (j -= 1) {\nself.nums[j + 1] = self.nums[j];\n}\nself.nums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.numSize += 1;\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\npub fn remove(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nvar num = self.nums[index];\n// \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar j = index;\nwhile (j &lt; self.size() - 1) : (j += 1) {\nself.nums[j] = self.nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.numSize -= 1;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n// \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\npub fn extendCapacity(self: *Self) !void {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nvar newCapacity = self.capacity() * self.extendRatio;\nvar extend = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, newCapacity);\n@memset(extend, @as(T, 0));\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nstd.mem.copy(T, extend, self.nums);\nself.nums = extend;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.numsCapacity = newCapacity;\n}\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(nums, @as(T, 0));\nfor (nums, 0..) |*num, i| {\nnum.* = self.get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _nums; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint _capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nint _size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nint _extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nMyList() {\n_nums = List.filled(_capacity, 0);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nint size() =&gt; _size;\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() =&gt; _capacity;\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nreturn _nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n_nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n_nums[_size] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var j = _size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\n_nums[j + 1] = _nums[j];\n}\n_nums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nint remove(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nint num = _nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var j = index; j &lt; _size - 1; j++) {\n_nums[j] = _nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 _extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfinal _newNums = List.filled(_capacity * _extendRatio, 0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nList.copyRange(_newNums, 0, _nums);\n// \u66f4\u65b0 _nums \u7684\u5f15\u7528\n_nums = _newNums;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n_capacity = _nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; _size; i++) {\nnums.add(get(i));\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\nstruct MyList {\nnums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,       // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\ncapacity: usize,      // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nsize: usize,          // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nextend_ratio: usize,  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n}\n#[allow(unused,unused_comparisons)]\nimpl MyList {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(capacity: usize) -&gt; Self {\nlet mut vec = Vec::new(); vec.resize(capacity, 0);\nSelf {\nnums: vec,\ncapacity,\nsize: 0,\nextend_ratio: 2,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npub fn capacity(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn get(&amp;self, index: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\nreturn self.nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn set(&amp;mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\nself.nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn add(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.size == self.capacity() {\nself.extend_capacity();\n}\nself.nums[self.size] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.size += 1;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn insert(&amp;mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.size == self.capacity() {\nself.extend_capacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in (index..self.size).rev() {\nself.nums[j + 1] = self.nums[j];\n}\nself.nums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.size += 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn remove(&amp;mut self, index: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\nlet num = self.nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in (index..self.size - 1) {\nself.nums[j] = self.nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.size -= 1;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npub fn extend_capacity(&amp;mut self) {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nlet new_capacity = self.capacity * self.extend_ratio;\nself.nums.resize(new_capacity, 0);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.capacity = new_capacity;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npub fn to_array(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut nums = Vec::new();\nfor i in 0..self.size {\nnums.push(self.get(i));\n}\nnums\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/","title":"4.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u5c11\uff1b\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002</li> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u6539\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/#441-q-a","title":"4.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f</p> <p>\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6808\u548c\u5806\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6808\u548c\u5806\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u6808\u4e0d\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\uff1b\u5806\u76f8\u5bf9\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u3002</li> <li>\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u6bd4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u5806\u5e27\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u7ec4\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u8c03\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u94fe\u8868\u7531\u7ed3\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ed3\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int, double, string, object \u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b int \u548c long \u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u522b\u5360\u7528 4 bytes \u548c 8 bytes \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd <code>elementLength</code> \u3002</p> <pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 = \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 + \u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6 * \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nelementAddr = firtstElementAddr + elementLength * elementIndex\n</code></pre> <p>\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u628a <code>P.next</code> \u8bbe\u4e3a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 <code>P.next</code> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u7ed3\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5230\u5c3e\u7ed3\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u9047\u4e0d\u5230 <code>P</code> \u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ed3\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7ed3\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u6307\u5411\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u8868\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e Java, Python, Go \u7b49\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8282\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u662f\u5426\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f <code>P.next</code> \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5728 C, C++ \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u589e\u5220\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u518d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684 \\(O(1)\\) \u589e\u5220\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u5934\u7ed3\u70b9\u3001\u5c3e\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u56fe\u7247\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u548c\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u6790\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 int, long, double, \u6216\u8005\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6269\u5bb9\u5217\u8868\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u642c\u8fd0\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u201c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u662f\u6307\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u6240\u5360\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\times 1.5\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u5b83\u4eec\u3002</p> <p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <code>n = [1, 2, 3]</code> \u540e\uff0c\u8fd9 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <code>m = [2, 1, 3]</code> \u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684 id \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u522b\u8ddf <code>n</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 <code>m</code> \u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u5047\u5982\u628a\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u6362\u6210\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 <code>n = [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5]</code> \uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u5b57\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a id \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002</p> <p>C++ STL \u91cc\u9762\u7684 std::list \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e66\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5462?</p> <p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u9752\u7750\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 <code>std::list</code> \u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 <code>std::vector</code> \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e\u7684\uff0c<code>std::list</code> \u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>std::vector</code> \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u3002\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 <code>stack</code> \u548c <code>queue</code> \uff0c\u800c\u975e\u94fe\u8868\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/","title":"\u7b2c 13 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u540c\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e2d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u5230\u901a\u5f80\u5149\u660e\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/","title":"13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5 backtracking algorithm\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u4e3e\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u6216\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u6765\u904d\u5386\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u9897\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_i_compact.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push_back(root);\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\nif root.val == 7:\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(root)\npre_order(root.left)\npre_order(root.right)\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrderI(root *TreeNode, res *[]*TreeNode) {\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\nif (root.Val).(int) == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n*res = append(*res, root)\n}\npreOrderI(root.Left, res)\npreOrderI(root.Right, res)\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root, res) {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, res);\npreOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null, res: TreeNode[]): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, res);\npreOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.Add(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\nif root.val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(root)\n}\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? root, List&lt;TreeNode&gt; res) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, res);\npreOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfn pre_order(res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, root: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nif root.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nif let Some(node) = root {\nif node.borrow().val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(node.clone());\n}\npre_order(res, node.borrow().left.clone());\npre_order(res, node.borrow().right.clone());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u8282\u70b9 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1311","title":"13.1.1 \u00a0 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000","text":"<p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u7ed3\u70b9\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684 <code>return</code> \u5219\u8868\u793a\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u9000\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u7a0d\u4f5c\u62d3\u5c55\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c</p> <p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 <code>path</code> \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236 <code>path</code> \u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c<code>res</code> \u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_ii_compact.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(path));\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push_back(root);\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push_back(path);\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop_back();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7:\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(list(path))\npre_order(root.left)\npre_order(root.right)\n# \u56de\u9000\npath.pop()\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrderII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\n*path = append(*path, root)\nif root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n*res = append(*res, *path)\n}\npreOrderII(root.Left, res, path)\npreOrderII(root.Right, res, path)\n// \u56de\u9000\n*path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(\nroot: TreeNode | null,\npath: TreeNode[],\nres: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.c<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, vector *path, vector *res) {\nif (root == NULL) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\nvectorPushback(path, root, sizeof(TreeNode));\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nvector *newPath = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; path-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newPath, path-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newPath, sizeof(vector));\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left, path, res);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\nvectorPopback(path);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.Add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.Add(new List&lt;TreeNode&gt;(path));\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(path)\n}\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast()\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(\nTreeNode? root,\nList&lt;TreeNode&gt; path,\nList&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(List.from(path));\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfn pre_order(res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, path: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, root: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nif root.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(node.clone());\nif node.borrow().val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(path.clone());\n}\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.len() -  1);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb <code>path</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4ece <code>path</code> \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u672c\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u8fdb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u9006\u5411\u7684\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1312","title":"13.1.2 \u00a0 \u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u526a\u679d\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09</p> <p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_iii_compact.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == null || root.val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(path));\npath.remove(path.size() - 1);\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == nullptr || root-&gt;val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push_back(root);\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push_back(path);\npath.pop_back();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop_back();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n# \u526a\u679d\nif root is None or root.val == 3:\nreturn\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7:\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(list(path))\npath.pop()\nreturn\npre_order(root.left)\npre_order(root.right)\n# \u56de\u9000\npath.pop()\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrderIII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif root == nil || root.Val == 3 {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\n*path = append(*path, root)\nif root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n*res = append(*res, *path)\n*path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\nreturn\n}\npreOrderIII(root.Left, res, path)\npreOrderIII(root.Right, res, path)\n// \u56de\u9000\n*path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root === null || root.val === 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\npath.pop();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(\nroot: TreeNode | null,\npath: TreeNode[],\nres: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root === null || root.val === 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\npath.pop();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.c<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, vector *path, vector *res) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == NULL || root-&gt;val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\nvectorPushback(path, root, sizeof(TreeNode));\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nvector *newPath = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; path-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newPath, path-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newPath, sizeof(vector));\nres-&gt;depth++;\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left, path, res);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\nvectorPopback(path);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == null || root.val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.Add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.Add(new List&lt;TreeNode&gt;(path));\npath.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nguard let root = root, root.val != 3 else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(path)\npath.removeLast()\nreturn\n}\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast()\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(\nTreeNode? root,\nList&lt;TreeNode&gt; path,\nList&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\nif (root == null || root.val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(List.from(path));\npath.removeLast();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn pre_order(res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, path: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, root: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif root.is_none() || root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow().val == 3 {\nreturn;\n}\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(node.clone());\nif node.borrow().val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(path.clone());\npath.remove(path.len() -  1);\nreturn;\n}\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.len() -  1);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u526a\u679d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u526a\u6389\u201d\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u526a\u679d </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1313","title":"13.1.3 \u00a0 \u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801","text":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u56de\u9000\u3001\u526a\u679d\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c<code>state</code> \u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c<code>choices</code> \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List&lt;Choice&gt; choices, List&lt;State&gt; res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Choice choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, vector&lt;Choice *&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;State *&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Choice choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def backtrack(state: State, choices: list[choice], res: list[state]):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\"\"\"\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif is_solution(state):\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecord_solution(state, res)\n# \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices:\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif is_valid(state, choice):\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmake_choice(state, choice)\nbacktrack(state, choices, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundo_choice(state, choice)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state *State, choices []Choice, res *[]State) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res)\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor _, choice := range choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state, choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice)\nbacktrack(state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state: State, choices: Choice[], res: State[]): void {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, Choice *choices, int numChoices, State *res, int numRes) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res, numRes);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numChoices; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, &amp;choices[i])) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, &amp;choices[i]);\nbacktrack(state, choices, numChoices, res, numRes);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, &amp;choices[i]);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List&lt;Choice&gt; choices, List&lt;State&gt; res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nforeach (Choice choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout State, choices: [Choice], res: inout [State]) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state: state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state: state, res: &amp;res)\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: choices, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List&lt;Choice&gt;, List&lt;State&gt; res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Choice choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u3002\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 <code>choices</code> \u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c <code>res</code> \u662f\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_iii_template.java<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nboolean isSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state) {\nreturn !state.isEmpty() &amp;&amp; state.get(state.size() - 1).val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nboolean isValid(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nreturn choice != null &amp;&amp; choice.val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.add(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;TreeNode&gt; choices, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (TreeNode choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, Arrays.asList(choice.left, choice.right), res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state) {\nreturn !state.empty() &amp;&amp; state.back()-&gt;val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, vector&lt;vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\nres.push_back(state);\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, TreeNode *choice) {\nreturn choice != nullptr &amp;&amp; choice-&gt;val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, TreeNode *choice) {\nstate.push_back(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, TreeNode *choice) {\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (TreeNode *choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nvector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; nextChoices{choice-&gt;left, choice-&gt;right};\nbacktrack(state, nextChoices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.py<pre><code>def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\"\"\"\nreturn state and state[-1].val == 7\ndef record_solution(state: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]):\n\"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\"\"\"\nres.append(list(state))\ndef is_valid(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\"\"\"\nreturn choice is not None and choice.val != 3\ndef make_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\nstate.append(choice)\ndef undo_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\nstate.pop()\ndef backtrack(\nstate: list[TreeNode], choices: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif is_solution(state):\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecord_solution(state, res)\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices:\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif is_valid(state, choice):\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmake_choice(state, choice)\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundo_choice(state, choice)\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.go<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state *[]*TreeNode) bool {\nreturn len(*state) != 0 &amp;&amp; (*state)[len(*state)-1].Val == 7\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n*res = append(*res, *state)\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) bool {\nreturn choice != nil &amp;&amp; choice.Val != 3\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n*state = append(*state, choice)\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrackIII(state *[]*TreeNode, choices *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor _, choice := range *choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state, choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\ntemp := make([]*TreeNode, 0)\ntemp = append(temp, choice.Left, choice.Right)\nbacktrackIII(state, &amp;temp, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.js<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state) {\nreturn state &amp;&amp; state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state, res) {\nres.push([...state]);\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state, choice) {\nreturn choice !== null &amp;&amp; choice.val !== 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state, choice) {\nstate.push(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state) {\nstate.pop();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.ts<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state: TreeNode[]): boolean {\nreturn state &amp;&amp; state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state: TreeNode[], res: TreeNode[][]): void {\nres.push([...state]);\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): boolean {\nreturn choice !== null &amp;&amp; choice.val !== 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): void {\nstate.push(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state: TreeNode[]): void {\nstate.pop();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: TreeNode[],\nchoices: TreeNode[],\nres: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.c<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(vector *state) {\nreturn state-&gt;size != 0 &amp;&amp; ((TreeNode *)(state-&gt;data[state-&gt;size - 1]))-&gt;val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(vector *state, vector *res) {\nvector *newPath = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newPath, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newPath, sizeof(vector));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(vector *state, TreeNode *choice) {\nreturn choice != NULL &amp;&amp; choice-&gt;val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(vector *state, TreeNode *choice) {\nvectorPushback(state, choice, sizeof(TreeNode));\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(vector *state, TreeNode *choice) {\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, vector *choices, vector *res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\nTreeNode *choice = choices-&gt;data[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nvector *nextChoices = newVector();\nvectorPushback(nextChoices, choice-&gt;left, sizeof(TreeNode));\nvectorPushback(nextChoices, choice-&gt;right, sizeof(TreeNode));\nbacktrack(state, nextChoices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.cs<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state) {\nreturn state.Count != 0 &amp;&amp; state[^1].val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;TreeNode&gt;(state));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nreturn choice != null &amp;&amp; choice.val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.Add(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;TreeNode&gt; choices, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nforeach (TreeNode choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, new List&lt;TreeNode&gt; { choice.left, choice.right }, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.swift<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state: [TreeNode]) -&gt; Bool {\n!state.isEmpty &amp;&amp; state.last!.val == 7\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\nres.append(state)\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state: [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode?) -&gt; Bool {\nchoice != nil &amp;&amp; choice!.val != 3\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\nstate.append(choice)\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [TreeNode], choices: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state: state) {\nrecordSolution(state: state, res: &amp;res)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: [choice.left, choice.right].compactMap { $0 }, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{isSolution}\n[class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}\n[class]{}-[func]{isValid}\n[class]{}-[func]{makeChoice}\n[class]{}-[func]{undoChoice}\n[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.dart<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state) {\nreturn state.isNotEmpty &amp;&amp; state.last.val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode? choice) {\nreturn choice != null &amp;&amp; choice.val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode? choice) {\nstate.add(choice!);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode? choice) {\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;TreeNode&gt; state,\nList&lt;TreeNode?&gt; choices,\nList&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (TreeNode? choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice!.left, choice.right], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.rs<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfn is_solution(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; bool {\nreturn !state.is_empty() &amp;&amp; state.get(state.len() - 1).unwrap().borrow().val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfn record_solution(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nres.push(state.clone());\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfn is_valid(_: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, choice: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) -&gt; bool {\nreturn choice.borrow().val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn make_choice(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, choice: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) {\nstate.push(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn undo_choice(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, _: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) {\nstate.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn backtrack(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, choices: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif is_solution(state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecord_solution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif is_valid(state, choice.clone()) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmake_choice(state, choice.clone());\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, &amp;mut vec![choice.borrow().left.clone().unwrap(), choice.borrow().right.clone().unwrap()], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundo_choice(state, choice.clone());\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u5f53\u627e\u5230\u503c\u4e3a 7 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 <code>return</code> \u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u5220\u9664 <code>return</code> \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0e\u5220\u9664 return \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> <p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u867d\u7136\u663e\u5f97\u5570\u55e6\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>state</code> \u548c <code>choices</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1314","title":"13.1.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7167\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b\u3002</p> \u540d\u8bcd \u5b9a\u4e49 \u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 \u89e3 Solution \u89e3\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8282\u70b9 \\(7\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6 Constraint \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u89e3\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d \u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 \\(7\\) \u72b6\u6001 State \u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9 \u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373 <code>path</code> \u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868 \u5c1d\u8bd5 Attempt \u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb <code>path</code> \uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u56de\u9000 Backtracking \u56de\u9000\u6307\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u524d\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u7ed3\u70b9\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u7ed3\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de \u526a\u679d Pruning \u526a\u679d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387 \u5f53\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22 <p>Tip</p> <p>\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1315","title":"13.1.5 \u00a0 \u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6307\u6570\u9636\u6216\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u751f\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1316","title":"13.1.6 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"<p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</li> <li>\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5706\u76d8\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5728\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\uff1a\u5728 \\(n \\times n\\) \u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u4e0d\u653b\u51fb\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u72ec\uff1a\u5728 \\(9 \\times 9\\) \u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u5b57 \\(1\\) ~ \\(9\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u884c\u3001\u6bcf\u5217\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(3 \\times 3\\) \u5b50\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7ed9\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u90bb\u9876\u70b9\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <ul> <li>0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u5185\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u6b21\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6c42\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684 NP-Hard \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u89e3\u6cd5\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8681\u7fa4\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56fe\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/","title":"13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7687\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u659c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6446\u653e\u65b9\u6848\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u89e3\u3002\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5171\u6709 \\(n^2\\) \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9009\u62e9 <code>choices</code> \u3002\u5728\u9010\u4e2a\u653e\u7f6e\u7687\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5c31\u662f\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a4 \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u5171\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf <code>\\</code> \u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf <code>/</code> \u4e24\u79cd\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1an \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565","text":"<p>\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u68cb\u76d8\u7684\u884c\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u68cb\u76d8\u6bcf\u884c\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u4e14\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002</p> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53d7\u753b\u5e45\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u4ec5\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565 </p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5217\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 <code>cols</code> \u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u7f6e\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 <code>cols</code> \u5c06\u5df2\u6709\u7687\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0 <code>cols</code> \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u5462\uff1f\u8bbe\u68cb\u76d8\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((row, col)\\) \uff0c\u9009\u5b9a\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u51cf\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row - col\\) \u4e3a\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(row_1 - col_1 = row_2 - col_2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>diag1</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002</p> <p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row + col\\) \u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 <code>diag2</code> \u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\\(n\\) \u7ef4\u65b9\u9635\u4e2d \\(row - col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-n + 1, n - 1]\\) \uff0c\\(row + col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([0, 2n - 2]\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u6570\u7ec4 <code>diag1</code> \u548c <code>diag2</code> \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust n_queens.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res,\nboolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; copyState = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (List&lt;String&gt; sRow : state) {\ncopyState.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(sRow));\n}\nres.add(copyState);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate.get(row).set(col, \"Q\");\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate.get(row).set(col, \"#\");\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;String&gt; row = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nrow.add(\"#\");\n}\nstate.add(row);\n}\nboolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nboolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nboolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt; &amp;state, vector&lt;vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; &amp;res, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;cols,\nvector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;diags1, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt; state(n, vector&lt;string&gt;(n, \"#\"));\nvector&lt;bool&gt; cols(n, false);           // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvector&lt;bool&gt; diags1(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvector&lt;bool&gt; diags2(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvector&lt;vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; res;\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nrow: int,\nn: int,\nstate: list[list[str]],\nres: list[list[list[str]]],\ncols: list[bool],\ndiags1: list[bool],\ndiags2: list[bool],\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n:\nres.append([list(row) for row in state])\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col in range(n):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\ndiag1 = row - col + n - 1\ndiag2 = row + col\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif not cols[col] and not diags1[diag1] and not diags2[diag2]:\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\"\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = True\n# \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\"\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = False\ndef n_queens(n: int) -&gt; list[list[list[str]]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate = [[\"#\" for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]\ncols = [False] * n  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\ndiags1 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\ndiags2 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nres = []\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> n_queens.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nnewState := make([][]string, len(*state))\nfor i, _ := range newState {\nnewState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\ncopy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n}\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col := 0; col &lt; n; col++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\ndiag1 := row - col + n - 1\ndiag2 := row + col\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !(*cols)[col] &amp;&amp; !(*diags1)[diag1] &amp;&amp; !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n(*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n(*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nnewState := make([][]string, len(*state))\nfor i, _ := range newState {\nnewState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\ncopy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n}\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col := 0; col &lt; n; col++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\ndiag1 := row - col + n - 1\ndiag2 := row + col\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !(*cols)[col] &amp;&amp; !(*diags1)[diag1] &amp;&amp; !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n(*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n(*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n}\n}\n}\nfunc nQueens(n int) [][][]string {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate := make([][]string, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nrow := make([]string, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nrow[i] = \"#\"\n}\nstate[i] = row\n}\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\ncols := make([]bool, n)\ndiags1 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\ndiags2 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\nres := make([][][]string, 0)\nbacktrack(0, n, &amp;state, &amp;res, &amp;cols, &amp;diags1, &amp;diags2)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row === n) {\nres.push(state.map((row) =&gt; row.slice()));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (let col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nconst diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nconst diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = 'Q';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = '#';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nconst state = Array.from({ length: n }, () =&gt; Array(n).fill('#'));\nconst cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst res = [];\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(\nrow: number,\nn: number,\nstate: string[][],\nres: string[][][],\ncols: boolean[],\ndiags1: boolean[],\ndiags2: boolean[]\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row === n) {\nres.push(state.map((row) =&gt; row.slice()));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (let col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nconst diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nconst diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = 'Q';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = '#';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n: number): string[][][] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nconst state = Array.from({ length: n }, () =&gt; Array(n).fill('#'));\nconst cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst res: string[][][] = [];\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{nQueens}\n</code></pre> n_queens.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; res,\nbool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nList&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt; copyState = new List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;();\nforeach (List&lt;string&gt; sRow in state) {\ncopyState.Add(new List&lt;string&gt;(sRow));\n}\nres.Add(copyState);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt; state = new List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;string&gt; row = new List&lt;string&gt;();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nrow.Add(\"#\");\n}\nstate.Add(row);\n}\nbool[] cols = new bool[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nbool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nbool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row: Int, n: Int, state: inout [[String]], res: inout [[[String]]], cols: inout [Bool], diags1: inout [Bool], diags2: inout [Bool]) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col in 0 ..&lt; n {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nlet diag1 = row - col + n - 1\nlet diag2 = row + col\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\"\ncols[col] = true\ndiags1[diag1] = true\ndiags2[diag2] = true\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row: row + 1, n: n, state: &amp;state, res: &amp;res, cols: &amp;cols, diags1: &amp;diags1, diags2: &amp;diags2)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\"\ncols[col] = false\ndiags1[diag1] = false\ndiags2[diag2] = false\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunc nQueens(n: Int) -&gt; [[[String]]] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvar state = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: \"#\", count: n), count: n)\nvar cols = Array(repeating: false, count: n) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvar diags1 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvar diags2 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvar res: [[[String]]] = []\nbacktrack(row: 0, n: n, state: &amp;state, res: &amp;res, cols: &amp;cols, diags1: &amp;diags1, diags2: &amp;diags2)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{nQueens}\n</code></pre> n_queens.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(\nint row,\nint n,\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state,\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res,\nList&lt;bool&gt; cols,\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags1,\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags2,\n) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; copyState = [];\nfor (List&lt;String&gt; sRow in state) {\ncopyState.add(List.from(sRow));\n}\nres.add(copyState);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\";\ncols[col] = true;\ndiags1[diag1] = true;\ndiags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\";\ncols[col] = false;\ndiags1[diag1] = false;\ndiags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state = List.generate(n, (index) =&gt; List.filled(n, \"#\"));\nList&lt;bool&gt; cols = List.filled(n, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags1 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags2 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res = [];\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfn backtrack(row: usize, n: usize, state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt;,\ncols: &amp;mut [bool], diags1: &amp;mut [bool], diags2: &amp;mut [bool]) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nlet mut copy_state: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt; = Vec::new();\nfor s_row in state.clone() {\ncopy_state.push(s_row);\n}\nres.push(copy_state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col in 0..n {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nlet diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;\nlet diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"Q\".into();\n(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"#\".into();\n(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfn n_queens(n: usize) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet mut state: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt; = Vec::new();\nfor _ in 0..n {\nlet mut row: Vec&lt;String&gt; = Vec::new();\nfor _ in 0..n {\nrow.push(\"#\".into());\n}\nstate.push(row);\n}\nlet mut cols = vec![false; n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nlet mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nlet mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nlet mut res: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; = Vec::new();\nbacktrack(0, n, &amp;mut state, &amp;mut res, &amp;mut cols, &amp;mut diags1, &amp;mut diags2);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(n, n-1, \\cdots, 2, 1\\) \u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u526a\u679d\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5e45\u5730\u7f29\u5c0f\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>\u6570\u7ec4 <code>state</code> \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 <code>cols</code> , <code>diags1</code> , <code>diags2</code> \u7686\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/","title":"13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217 \\([1]\\) \\([1]\\) \\([1, 2]\\) \\([1, 2], [2, 1]\\) \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \\([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]\\)"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1321","title":"13.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u751f\u6210\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \u3001\u518d\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \u3001\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u6392\u5217 \\([1, 3, 2]\\) \u3002\u56de\u9000\u8868\u793a\u64a4\u9500\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u96c6\u5408 <code>choices</code> \u662f\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u662f\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <code>state</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u3002\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 <code>selected</code> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>selected[i]</code> \u8868\u793a <code>choices[i]</code> \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u526a\u679d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 <code>choice[i]</code> \u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06 <code>selected[i]</code> \u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\text{True}\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> <li>\u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868 <code>choices</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u526a\u679d\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 1 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 3 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 2 \uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1 \u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1, 3 \u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4ece \\(O(n^n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u505a\u201c\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f29\u77ed\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u5728 <code>backtrack()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust permutations_i.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.length) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; permutationsI(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;selected, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.size()) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push_back(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsI(vector&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;\nvector&lt;bool&gt; selected(nums.size(), false);\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;\nbacktrack(state, nums, selected, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(state) == len(choices):\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\nif not selected[i]:\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = True\nstate.append(choice)\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = False\nstate.pop()\ndef permutations_i(nums: list[int]) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\nres = []\nbacktrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> permutations_i.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrackI(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(*state) == len(*choices) {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\nchoice := (*choices)[i]\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !(*selected)[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n(*selected)[i] = true\n*state = append(*state, choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n(*selected)[i] = false\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums []int) [][]int {\nres := make([][]int, 0)\nstate := make([]int, 0)\nselected := make([]bool, len(nums))\nbacktrackI(&amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;selected, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums) {\nconst res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\nchoices: number[],\nselected: boolean[],\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums: number[]): number[][] {\nconst res: number[][] = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, vector *choices, vector *selected, vector *res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state-&gt;size == choices-&gt;size) {\nvector *newState = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newState, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newState, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\nint *choice = malloc(sizeof(int));\n*choice = *((int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]));\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nbool select = *((bool *)(selected-&gt;data[i]));\nif (!select) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n*((bool *)selected-&gt;data[i]) = true;\nvectorPushback(state, choice, sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*((bool *)selected-&gt;data[i]) = false;\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvector *permutationsI(vector *nums) {\nvector *iState = newVector();\nint select[3] = {false, false, false};\nvector *bSelected = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(bSelected, &amp;select[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvector *res = newVector();\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nbacktrack(iState, nums, bSelected, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.Count == choices.Length) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.Add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsI(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new List&lt;int&gt;(), nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.count == choices.count {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true\nstate.append(choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: choices, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums: [Int]) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = []\nvar selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\nvar res: [[Int]] = []\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: nums, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nList&lt;bool&gt; selected,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length == choices.length) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsI(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, choices: &amp;[i32], selected: &amp;mut [bool], res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.len() == choices.len() {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in 0..choices.len() {\nlet choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn permutations_i(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nbacktrack(Vec::new(), nums, &amp;mut vec![false; nums.len()], &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1322","title":"13.2.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 1, 2]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a \\(1\\) \u8bb0\u4e3a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217 </p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6392\u5217\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u591f\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u63d0\u524d\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \u6216\u9009\u62e9 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u628a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u6389\u3002</p> <p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u548c \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u3002</p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ec5\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>duplicated</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust permutations_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.length) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nSet&lt;Integer&gt; duplicated = new HashSet&lt;Integer&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; permutationsII(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;selected, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.size()) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nunordered_set&lt;int&gt; duplicated;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; duplicated.find(choice) == duplicated.end()) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.emplace(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push_back(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsII(vector&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;\nvector&lt;bool&gt; selected(nums.size(), false);\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;\nbacktrack(state, nums, selected, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(state) == len(choices):\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nduplicated = set[int]()\nfor i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif not selected[i] and choice not in duplicated:\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = True\nstate.append(choice)\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = False\nstate.pop()\ndef permutations_ii(nums: list[int]) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\nres = []\nbacktrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrackII(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(*state) == len(*choices) {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nduplicated := make(map[int]struct{}, 0)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\nchoice := (*choices)[i]\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif _, ok := duplicated[choice]; !ok &amp;&amp; !(*selected)[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nduplicated[choice] = struct{}{}\n(*selected)[i] = true\n*state = append(*state, choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n(*selected)[i] = false\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums []int) [][]int {\nres := make([][]int, 0)\nstate := make([]int, 0)\nselected := make([]bool, len(nums))\nbacktrackII(&amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;selected, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nconst duplicated = new Set();\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums) {\nconst res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\nchoices: number[],\nselected: boolean[],\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nconst duplicated = new Set();\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums: number[]): number[][] {\nconst res: number[][] = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.Count == choices.Length) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nISet&lt;int&gt; duplicated = new HashSet&lt;int&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.Contains(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.Add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.Add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsII(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new List&lt;int&gt;(), nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.count == choices.count {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nvar duplicated: Set&lt;Int&gt; = []\nfor (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i], !duplicated.contains(choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.insert(choice) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true\nstate.append(choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: choices, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums: [Int]) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = []\nvar selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\nvar res: [[Int]] = []\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: nums, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nList&lt;bool&gt; selected,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length == choices.length) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nSet&lt;int&gt; duplicated = {};\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsII(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, choices: &amp;[i32], selected: &amp;mut [bool], res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.len() == choices.len() {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nlet mut duplicated = HashSet::&lt;i32&gt;::new();\nfor i in 0..choices.len() {\nlet choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.contains(&amp;choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.insert(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn permutations_ii(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet mut res = Vec::new();\nbacktrack(Vec::new(), nums, &amp;mut vec![false; nums.len()], &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u6709 \\(n!\\)  \u79cd\u6392\u5217\uff08\u9636\u4e58\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<code>selected</code> \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6700\u591a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a <code>duplicated</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u867d\u7136 <code>selected</code> \u548c <code>duplicated</code> \u90fd\u7528\u4f5c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a <code>selected</code> \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728 <code>state</code> \u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f00\u542f\u7684 <code>backtrack</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a <code>duplicated</code> \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5728\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/","title":"13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898","text":""},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1331","title":"13.3.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408 \\(\\{3, 4, 5\\}\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6574\u6570 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\{3, 3, 3\\}, \\{4, 5\\}\\) \u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u96c6\u662f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\{4, 5\\}\\) \u548c \\(\\{5, 4\\}\\) \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6392\u5217\u89e3\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5b50\u96c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u800c\u4e0e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9 <code>selected</code> \u5e03\u5c14\u5217\u8868\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5168\u6392\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5e45\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust subset_sum_i_naive.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, int target, int total, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (size_t i = 0; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push_back(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;       // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0;           // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int],\ntarget: int,\ntotal: int,\nchoices: list[int],\nres: list[list[int]],\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif total == target:\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in range(len(choices)):\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total + choices[i] &gt; target:\ncontinue\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.append(choices[i])\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop()\ndef subset_sum_i_naive(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\"\"\"\nstate = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\ntotal = 0  # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nres = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == total {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total+(*choices)[i] &gt; target {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n*state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackSubsetSumINaive(total+(*choices)[i], target, state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\nstate := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\ntotal := 0              // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nres := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target, &amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, total, choices, res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total === target) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums, target) {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nconst total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\ntarget: number,\ntotal: number,\nchoices: number[],\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total === target) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nconst total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, int target, int total, vector *choices, vector *res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nvector *tmpVector = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(tmpVector, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (size_t i = 0; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nvectorPushback(state, choices-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]), choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvector *subsetSumINaive(vector *nums, int target) {\nvector *state = newVector(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0;               // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector *res = newVector();   // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.Add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = new List&lt;int&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, total: Int, choices: [Int], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif total == target {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total + choices[i] &gt; target {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.append(choices[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, total: total + choices[i], choices: choices, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet total = 0 // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvar res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, total: total, choices: nums, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumINaive}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nint target,\nint total,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0; // \u5143\u7d20\u548c\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32, total: i32, choices: &amp;[i32], res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif total == target {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in 0..choices.len() {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total + choices[i] &gt; target {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfn subset_sum_i_naive(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5411\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([3, 3, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4]\\) \u3002\u867d\u7136\u6210\u529f\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a \\(9\\) \u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5]\\) \u548c \\([5, 4]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u96c6\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5148\u9009 \\(4\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(5\\) \u4e0e\u5148\u9009 \\(5\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(4\\) \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u8d8a\u754c\u526a\u679d </p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53 <code>target</code> \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</li> <li>\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) , \\(4\\) \uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([3, 4, \\cdots]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) \uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 3, \\cdots]\\) \u548c <code>1.</code> \u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5206\u652f\u8d8a\u9760\u53f3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4e5f\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) , \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([3, 5, \\cdots]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) , \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5, \\cdots]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(5\\) \uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(4\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u96c6 \\([5, 3, \\cdots]\\) \u548c\u5b50\u96c6 \\([5, 4, \\cdots]\\) \u548c <code>1.</code> , <code>2.</code> \u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6 </p> <p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([x_1, x_2, \\cdots, x_n]\\) \uff0c\u8bbe\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u4e3a \\([x_{i_1}, x_{i_2}, \\cdots , x_{i_m}]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\cdots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u526a\u679d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf <code>start</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\cdots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b50\u96c6\u552f\u4e00\u3002</p> <p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u4f18\u5316\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u641c\u7d22\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 <code>target</code> \u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 <code>target</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u7701\u53bb\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u53d8\u91cf <code>total</code>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 <code>target</code> \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u51cf\u6cd5\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u548c\uff0c\u5f53 <code>target</code> \u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust subset_sum_i.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, int target, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, int start, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push_back(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0:\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i in range(start, len(choices)):\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n# \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0:\nbreak\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop()\ndef subset_sum_i(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\nstate = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumI(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i := start; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target-(*choices)[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n*state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackSubsetSumI(i, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\nstate := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrackSubsetSumI(start, target, &amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums, target) {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\ntarget: number,\nchoices: number[],\nstart: number,\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nvector *tmpVector = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(tmpVector, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nvectorPushback(state, choices-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]), choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvector *subsetSumI(vector *nums, int target) {\nvector *state = newVector();                        // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nqsort(nums-&gt;data, nums-&gt;size, sizeof(int *), comp); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                                      // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector *res = newVector();                          // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.Add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = new List&lt;int&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArray.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvar res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumI}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nint target,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nint start,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32, choices: &amp;[i32], start: usize, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i in start..choices.len() {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn subset_sum_i(nums: &amp;mut [i32], target: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u8f93\u5165\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1332","title":"13.3.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u53ef\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002</p> <p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, \\hat{4}, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([4, 5], [\\hat{4}, 5]\\) \uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</p> <p>\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u4e2d\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e3a \\(4\\) \uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a \\(4\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5de7\u5999\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u53d8\u91cf <code>start</code> \u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i + 1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust subset_sum_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, int target, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, int start, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push_back(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0:\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i in range(start, len(choices)):\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n# \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0:\nbreak\n# \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start and choices[i] == choices[i - 1]:\ncontinue\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop()\ndef subset_sum_ii(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\nstate = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumII(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i := start; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target-(*choices)[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start &amp;&amp; (*choices)[i] == (*choices)[i-1] {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n*state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackSubsetSumII(i+1, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\nstate := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrackSubsetSumII(start, target, &amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums, target) {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\ntarget: number,\nchoices: number[],\nstart: number,\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nvector *tmpVector = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(tmpVector, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) &lt; 0) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) == *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i - 1])) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nvectorPushback(state, choices-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]), choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvector *subsetSumII(vector *nums, int target) {\nvector *state = newVector();                         // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nqsort(nums-&gt;data, nums-&gt;size, sizeof(int *), comp); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                                       // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector *res = newVector();                           // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.Add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = new List&lt;int&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArray.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start, choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i + 1, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvar res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumII}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nint target,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nint start,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32, choices: &amp;[i32], start: usize, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i in start..choices.len() {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn subset_sum_ii(nums: &amp;mut [i32], target: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5171\u5305\u542b\u56db\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f60\u5c06\u56fe\u793a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u6ce8\u91ca\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/","title":"13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u89e3\u6216\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u6548\u679c\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u526a\u679d\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u524d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> <li>\\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\u65e8\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5230 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5c3a\u5bf8\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6309\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002</li> <li>\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u793a\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u4e3b\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\uff1b\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u627e\u5904\u5728\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\uff08\u526f\uff09\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/","title":"\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u72b9\u5982\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5411\u5bfc\u3002</p> <p>\u5b83\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30</li> <li>2.2 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</li> <li>2.3 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</li> <li>2.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/","title":"2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30","text":"<p>\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u6c42\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7701\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p>\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#211","title":"2.1.1 \u00a0 \u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5","text":"<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u548c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u627e\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u77ed\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u66f4\u5c11\uff1b\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#212","title":"2.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f30\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 asymptotic complexity analysis\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u300c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4e9b\u62d7\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u300c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 time complexity\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#213","title":"2.1.3 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027","text":"<p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5c3a\u201d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u96be\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u5148\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/","title":"2.3 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#231","title":"2.3.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u201c\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\uff0c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002</li> <li>\u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7edf\u8ba1\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nint val;\nNode next;\nNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// do something...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nfinal int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode node = new Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct Node {\nint val;\nNode *next;\nNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}\n};\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// do something...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode* node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = func();           // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class Node:\n\"\"\"\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, x: int):\nself.val: int = x                 # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.next: Optional[Node] = None  # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\ndef function() -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n# do something...\nreturn 0\ndef algorithm(n) -&gt; int:  # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nA = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff09\nb = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nnode = Node(0)        # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nc = function()        # \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn A + b + c      # \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype node struct {\nval  int\nnext *node\n}\n/* \u521b\u5efa node \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53  */\nfunc newNode(val int) *node {\nreturn &amp;node{val: val}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n// do something...\nreturn 0\n}\nfunc algorithm(n int) int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nb := 0                  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nnewNode(0)              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nc := function()         // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c        // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nval;\nnext;\nconstructor(val) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\nfunction algorithm(n) {       // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst a = 0;              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nlet b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nconst node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nconst c = constFunc();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nval: number;\nnext: Node | null;\nconstructor(val?: number) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\nfunction algorithm(n: number): number { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst a = 0;                        // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nlet b = 0;                          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nconst node = new Node(0);           // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nconst c = constFunc();              // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;                   // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// do something...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;   // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;         // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nint c = func();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;  // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nint val;\nNode next;\nNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// do something...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode node = new Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nvar val: Int\nvar next: Node?\ninit(x: Int) {\nval = x\n}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() -&gt; Int {\n// do something...\nreturn 0\n}\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) -&gt; Int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nlet a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nvar b = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nlet node = Node(x: 0) // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nlet c = function()    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c      // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nint val;\nNode next;\nNode(this.val, [this.next]);\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// do something...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {  // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;      // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;            // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode node = Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = function();   // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;     // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#232","title":"2.3.2 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u800c\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u9884\u7559\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5dee\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(n &lt; 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53 \\(n &gt; 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> </ol> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;                   // O(1)\nint[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10)\nint[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;               // O(1)\nvector&lt;int&gt; b(10000);    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10)\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n); // O(n)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def algorithm(n: int):\na = 0               # O(1)\nb = [0] * 10000     # O(1)\nif n &gt; 10:\nnums = [0] * n  # O(n)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n int) {\na := 0                      // O(1)\nb := make([]int, 10000)     // O(1)\nvar nums []int\nif n &gt; 10 {\nnums := make([]int, n)  // O(n)\n}\nfmt.Println(a, b, nums)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n) {\nconst a = 0;                   // O(1)\nconst b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nconst nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n: number): void {\nconst a = 0;                   // O(1)\nconst b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nconst nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;               // O(1)\nint b[10000];            // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10)\nint nums[n] = {0};   // O(n)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;                   // O(1)\nint[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nint[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n: Int) {\nlet a = 0 // O(1)\nlet b = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000) // O(1)\nif n &gt; 10 {\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n) // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;                            // O(1)\nList&lt;int&gt; b = List.filled(10000, 0);  // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(n, 0); // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u51fd\u6570 <code>loop()</code> \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u6b21 <code>function()</code> \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684 <code>function()</code> \u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>recur()</code> \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 <code>recur()</code> \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>int function() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int func() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def function() -&gt; int:\n# do something\nreturn 0\ndef loop(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u5faa\u73af O(1)\"\"\"\nfor _ in range(n):\nfunction()\ndef recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u9012\u5f52 O(n)\"\"\"\nif n == 1: return\nreturn recur(n - 1)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func function() int {\n// do something\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n int) {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfunction()\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n int) {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nrecur(n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function constFunc() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n) {\nif (n === 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function constFunc(): number {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n: number): void {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n: number): void {\nif (n === 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int func() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int function() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nint recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>@discardableResult\nfunc function() -&gt; Int {\n// do something\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n: Int) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfunction()\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n: Int) {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nrecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int function() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#233","title":"2.3.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) &lt; O(\\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b </p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u90e8\u5206\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u7f6e\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b66\u5b8c\u540e\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002</p> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u5faa\u73af\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfinal int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nint[] nums = new int[10000];\nListNode node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(10000);\nListNode node(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def function() -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n# do something\nreturn 0\ndef constant(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n# \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\na = 0\nnums = [0] * 10000\nnode = ListNode(0)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in range(n):\nc = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in range(n):\nfunction()\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n// do something...\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc spaceConstant(n int) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a = 0\nb := 0\nnums := make([]int, 10000)\nListNode := newNode(0)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar c int\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nc = 0\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfunction()\n}\nfmt.Println(a, b, nums, c, ListNode)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a = 0;\nconst b = 0;\nconst nums = new Array(10000);\nconst node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): void {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a = 0;\nconst b = 0;\nconst nums = new Array(10000);\nconst node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nint nums[1000];\nListNode *node = newListNode(0);\nfree(node);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nint[] nums = new int[10000];\nListNode node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc function() -&gt; Int {\n// do something\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet a = 0\nvar b = 0\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000)\nlet node = ListNode(x: 0)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nlet c = 0\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfunction()\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{function}\n// \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) void {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a: i32 = 0;\nvar b: i32 = 0;\nvar nums = [_]i32{0}**10000;\nvar node = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 0};\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar c: i32 = 0;\n_ = c;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\ni = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\n_ = function();\n}\n_ = a;\n_ = b;\n_ = nums;\n_ = node;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfinal int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(10000, 0);\nListNode node = ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfn function() -&gt;i32 {\n// do something\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn constant(n: i32) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst A: i32 = 0;\nlet b = 0;\nlet nums = vec![0; 10000];\nlet node = ListNode::new(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor i in 0..n {\nlet c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor i in 0..n {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u7b49\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[] nums = new int[n];\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.add(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nMap&lt;Integer, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.put(i, String.valueOf(i));\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvector&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.push_back(ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nunordered_map&lt;int, string&gt; map;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap[i] = to_string(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\n# \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nnums = [0] * n\n# \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nhmap = dict[int, str]()\nfor i in range(n):\nhmap[i] = str(i)\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc spaceLinear(n int) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n_ = make([]int, n)\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nodes []*node\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnodes = append(nodes, newNode(i))\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nm := make(map[int]string, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nm[i] = strconv.Itoa(i)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nums = new Array(n);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nodes = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst map = new Map();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.set(i, i.toString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): void {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nums = new Array(n);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nodes: ListNode[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst map = new Map();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.set(i, i.toString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct hashTable {\nint key;\nint val;\nUT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n};\ntypedef struct hashTable hashTable;\n/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\nfree(nums);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nListNode **nodes = malloc(sizeof(ListNode *) * n);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes[i] = newListNode(i);\n}\n// \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfree(nodes[i]);\n}\nfree(nodes);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nhashTable *h = NULL;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nhashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));\ntmp-&gt;key = i;\ntmp-&gt;val = i;\nHASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n}\n// \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\nhashTable *curr, *tmp;\nHASH_ITER(hh, h, curr, tmp) {\nHASH_DEL(h, curr);\nfree(curr);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[] nums = new int[n];\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.Add(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nDictionary&lt;int, string&gt; map = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.Add(i, i.ToString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet nodes = (0 ..&lt; n).map { ListNode(x: $0) }\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet map = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: (0 ..&lt; n).map { ($0, \"\\($0)\") })\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(comptime n: i32) !void {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nodes = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nodes.deinit();\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ntry nodes.append(i);\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar map = std.AutoArrayHashMap(i32, []const u8).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer map.deinit();\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; n) : (j += 1) {\nconst string = try std.fmt.allocPrint(std.heap.page_allocator, \"{d}\", .{j});\ndefer std.heap.page_allocator.free(string);\ntry map.put(i, string);\n}\n_ = nums;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.add(ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nMap&lt;int, String&gt; map = HashMap();\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.putIfAbsent(i, () =&gt; i.toString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn linear(n: i32) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut nums = vec![0; n as usize];\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut nodes = Vec::new();\nfor i in 0..n {\nnodes.push(ListNode::new(i))\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut map = HashMap::new();\nfor i in 0..n {\nmap.insert(i, i.to_string());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 <code>algorithm()</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\nif (n == 1)\nreturn;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" &lt;&lt; n &lt;&lt; endl;\nif (n == 1)\nreturn;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear_recur(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nprint(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\nif n == 1:\nreturn\nlinear_recur(n - 1)\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceLinearRecur(n int) {\nfmt.Println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nspaceLinearRecur(n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n) {\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\nif (n === 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n: number): void {\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\nif (n === 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nprintf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d\\r\\n\", n);\nif (n == 1)\nreturn;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\nif (n == 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc linearRecur(n: Int) {\nprint(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n)\")\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nlinearRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn linearRecur(comptime n: i32) void {\nstd.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\\n\", .{n});\nif (n == 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nprint('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n');\nif (n == 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn linear_recur(n: i32) {\nprintln!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\", n);\nif n == 1 {return};\nlinear_recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[][] numMatrix = new int[n][n];\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; numList = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; tmp = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.add(0);\n}\nnumList.add(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; numMatrix;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; tmp;\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.push_back(0);\n}\nnumMatrix.push_back(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def quadratic(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\n# \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nnum_matrix = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc spaceQuadratic(n int) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nnumMatrix := make([][]int, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnumMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numMatrix = Array(n)\n.fill(null)\n.map(() =&gt; Array(n).fill(null));\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numList = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.push(0);\n}\nnumList.push(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): void {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numMatrix = Array(n)\n.fill(null)\n.map(() =&gt; Array(n).fill(null));\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numList = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.push(0);\n}\nnumList.push(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint **numMatrix = malloc(sizeof(int *) * n);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint *tmp = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp[j] = 0;\n}\nnumMatrix[i] = tmp;\n}\n// \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfree(numMatrix[i]);\n}\nfree(numMatrix);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[,] numMatrix = new int[n, n];\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; numList = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = new();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.Add(0);\n}\nnumList.Add(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet numList = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: n), count: n)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) !void {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nodes = std.ArrayList(std.ArrayList(i32)).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nodes.deinit();\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar tmp = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer tmp.deinit();\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; n) : (j += 1) {\ntry tmp.append(0);\n}\ntry nodes.append(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; numMatrix = List.generate(n, (_) =&gt; List.filled(n, 0));\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; numList = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = [];\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.add(0);\n}\nnumList.add(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn quadratic(n: i32) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet num_matrix = vec![vec![0; n as usize]; n as usize];\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut num_list = Vec::new();\nfor i in 0..n {\nlet mut tmp = Vec::new();\nfor j in 0..n {\ntmp.push(0);\n}\nnum_list.push(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 <code>algorithm()</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n, n-1, n-2, ..., 2, 1\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\frac{n}{2}\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0)\nreturn 0;\n// \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nint[] nums = new int[n];\nSystem.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.length);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0)\nreturn 0;\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n);\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" &lt;&lt; n &lt;&lt; \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" &lt;&lt; nums.size() &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def quadratic_recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n &lt;= 0:\nreturn 0\n# \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nnums = [0] * n\nreturn quadratic_recur(n - 1)\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceQuadraticRecur(n int) int {\nif n &lt;= 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\nnums := make([]int, n)\nfmt.Printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d \\n\", n, len(nums))\nreturn spaceQuadraticRecur(n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nconst nums = new Array(n);\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nconst nums = new Array(n);\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0)\nreturn 0;\nint *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\nprintf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d\\r\\n\", n, n);\nint res = quadraticRecur(n - 1);\nfree(nums);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nint[] nums = new int[n];\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.Length);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc quadraticRecur(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n &lt;= 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\nprint(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n) \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \\(nums.count)\")\nreturn quadraticRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn quadraticRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nvar nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\nstd.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\\n\", .{n, nums.len});\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(n, 0);\nprint('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}');\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn quadratic_recur(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n &lt;= 0 {return 0};\n// \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nlet nums = vec![0; n as usize];\nprintln!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\", n, nums.len());\nreturn quadratic_recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"<p>\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(2^n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(2^n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn null;\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn nullptr;\nTreeNode *root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot-&gt;left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot-&gt;right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def build_tree(n: int) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\"\"\"\nif n == 0:\nreturn None\nroot = TreeNode(0)\nroot.left = build_tree(n - 1)\nroot.right = build_tree(n - 1)\nreturn root\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n int) *treeNode {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn nil\n}\nroot := newTreeNode(0)\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1)\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1)\nreturn root\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n) {\nif (n === 0) return null;\nconst root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n: number): TreeNode | null {\nif (n === 0) return null;\nconst root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn NULL;\nTreeNode *root = newTreeNode(0);\nroot-&gt;left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot-&gt;right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return null;\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn nil\n}\nlet root = TreeNode(x: 0)\nroot.left = buildTree(n: n - 1)\nroot.right = buildTree(n: n - 1)\nreturn root\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\nfn buildTree(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, n: i32) !?*inc.TreeNode(i32) {\nif (n == 0) return null;\nconst root = try mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(i32));\nroot.init(0);\nroot.left = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\nroot.right = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return null;\nTreeNode root = TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfn build_tree(n: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nif n == 0 {return None};\nlet root = TreeNode::new(0);\nroot.borrow_mut().left = build_tree(n - 1);\nroot.borrow_mut().right = build_tree(n - 1);\nreturn Some(root);\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9012\u5f52\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4efb\u610f\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#234","title":"2.3.4 \u00a0 \u6743\u8861\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u964d\u4f4e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u727a\u7272\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/","title":"2.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002</li> <li>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u6b63\u65e0\u7a77\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\u3002</li> <li>\u63a8\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\\(O(2^n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n!)\\) \u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e25\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</li> <li>\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</p> <ul> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\\(O(2^n)\\) \u7b49\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/#241-q-a","title":"2.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java \u3001Python \u3001C++ \u3001Go \u3001C# \u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</p> <p>\u51fd\u6570\uff08function\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08method\uff09\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u88ab\u9690\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002</p> <ul> <li>C \u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct\uff09\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>Java \u548c C# \u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u7c7b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>C++ \u548c Python \u65e2\u652f\u6301\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u56fe\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u7247\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u53d6 \\(n = 8\\) \uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89c9\u8212\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u201d\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u9009\u62e9 \\(n = 8\\) \u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n = 8^5\\) \u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u9009\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/","title":"2.2 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u4f30\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f</p> <ol> <li>\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c <code>+</code> \u9700\u8981 1 ns\uff0c\u4e58\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c <code>*</code> \u9700\u8981 10 ns\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c <code>print()</code> \u9700\u8981 5 ns \u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u7edf\u8ba1\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nSystem.out.println(0);     // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;         // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\ndef algorithm(n: int):\na = 2      # 1 ns\na = a + 1  # 1 ns\na = a * 2  # 10 ns\n# \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in range(n):  # 1 ns\nprint(0)        # 5 ns\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n int) {\na := 2     // 1 ns\na = a + 1  // 1 ns\na = a * 2  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {  // 1 ns\nfmt.Println(a)        // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n) {\nvar a = 2; // 1 ns\na = a + 1; // 1 ns\na = a * 2; // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nconsole.log(0); // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n: number): void {\nvar a: number = 2; // 1 ns\na = a + 1; // 1 ns\na = a * 2; // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nconsole.log(0); // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {   // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);            // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nConsole.WriteLine(0);      // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) {\nvar a = 2 // 1 ns\na = a + 1 // 1 ns\na = a * 2 // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n { // 1 ns\nprint(0) // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2; // 1 ns\na = a + 1; // 1 ns\na = a * 2; // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nprint(0); // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfn algorithm(n: i32) {\nlet mut a = 2;      // 1 ns\na = a + 1;          // 1 ns\na = a * 2;          // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0..n {     // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);  // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \\(6n + 12\\) ns \uff1a</p> \\[ 1 + 1 + 10 + (1 + 5) \\times n = 6n + 12 \\] <p>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u65e2\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4e5f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9884\u4f30\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u83b7\u77e5\u6bcf\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u9884\u4f30\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#221","title":"2.2.1 \u00a0 \u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002</p> <p>\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u51fd\u6570 <code>A</code> \u3001 <code>B</code> \u548c <code>C</code> \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_A(n: int):\nprint(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\ndef algorithm_B(n: int):\nfor _ in range(n):\nprint(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_C(n: int):\nfor _ in range(1000000):\nprint(0)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_A(n int) {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithm_B(n int) {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_C(n int) {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n: number): void {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n: number): void {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n: number): void {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmA(n: Int) {\nprint(0)\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithmB(n: Int) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nprint(0)\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmC(n: Int) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; 1000000 {\nprint(0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmA(int n) {\nprint(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithmB(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmC(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_A(n: i32) {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn algorithm_B(n: i32) {\nfor _ in 0..n {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_C(n: i32) {\nfor _ in 0..1000000 {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u53ea\u6709 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>C</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(1000000\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 <code>C</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c <code>A</code> \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u3001B \u548c C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf </p> <p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u5462\uff1f</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5728 \\(n &gt; 1\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u66f4\u6162\uff0c\u5728 \\(n &gt; 1000000\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>C</code> \u66f4\u6162\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u4e8e\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002</li> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u548c <code>C</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6bd4 <code>C</code> \u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>C</code> \u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ec5\u51ed\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8bc4\u5224\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u6700\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#222","title":"2.2.2 \u00a0 \u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nSystem.out.println(0);    // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;    // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def algorithm(n: int):\na = 1      # +1\na = a + 1  # +1\na = a * 2  # +1\n# \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor i in range(n):  # +1\nprint(0)        # +1\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n int) {\na := 1      // +1\na = a + 1   // +1\na = a * 2   // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {   // +1\nfmt.Println(a)         // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n) {\nvar a = 1; // +1\na += 1; // +1\na *= 2; // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nconsole.log(0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n: number): void{\nvar a: number = 1; // +1\na += 1; // +1\na *= 2; // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nconsole.log(0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);            // +1\n}\n}  </code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nConsole.WriteLine(0);   // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n: Int) {\nvar a = 1 // +1\na = a + 1 // +1\na = a * 2 // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n { // +1\nprint(0) // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1; // +1\na = a + 1; // +1\na = a * 2; // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nprint(0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>fn algorithm(n: i32) {\nlet mut a = 1;   // +1\na = a + 1;      // +1\na = a * 2;      // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0..n { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u8bbe\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(T(n)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ T(n) = 3 + 2n \\] <p>\\(T(n)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7 big-\\(O\\) notation\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c asymptotic upper bound\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u51fd\u6570 \\(T(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002</p> <p>\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c</p> <p>\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u5b9e\u6570 \\(c\\) \u548c\u5b9e\u6570 \\(n_0\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684 \\(n &gt; n_0\\) \uff0c\u5747\u6709 $$ T(n) \\leq c \\cdot f(n) $$ \u5219\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a \\(f(n)\\) \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a $$ T(n) = O(f(n)) $$</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\\(T(n)\\) \u548c \\(f(n)\\) \u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4ec5\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#223","title":"2.2.3 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5473\u513f\u6709\u70b9\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a \\(f(n)\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c \\(f(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf","text":"<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0 \\(c \\cdot f(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u6570\u7b80\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u5ffd\u7565 \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</li> <li>\u7701\u7565\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5faa\u73af \\(2n\\) \u6b21\u3001\\(5n + 1\\) \u6b21\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u524d\u9762\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u5d4c\u5957\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u79ef\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u5957\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0 <code>1.</code> \u548c <code>2.</code> \u6280\u5de7\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u516c\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u5de7\u524d\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(n) &amp; = 2n(n + 1) + (5n + 1) + 2 &amp; \\text{\u5b8c\u6574\u7edf\u8ba1 (-.-|||)} \\newline &amp; = 2n^2 + 7n + 3 \\newline T(n) &amp; = n^2 + n &amp; \\text{\u5077\u61d2\u7edf\u8ba1 (o.O)} \\end{aligned} \\] JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def algorithm(n: int):\na = 1      # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n  # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n# +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor i in range(5 * n + 1):\nprint(0)\n# +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor i in range(2 * n):\nfor j in range(n + 1):\nprint(0)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n int) {\na := 1     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n) {\nlet a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n: number): void {\nlet a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n: Int) {\nvar a = 1 // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; (5 * n + 1) {\nprint(0)\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; (2 * n) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; (n + 1) {\nprint(0)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>fn algorithm(n: i32) {\nlet mut a = 1;     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;        // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor i in 0..(5 * n + 1) {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor i in 0..(2 * n) {\nfor j in 0..(n + 1) {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7531\u591a\u9879\u5f0f \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u7cfb\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u64bc\u52a8\u9636\u6570\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u6570\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \\(100000\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(3n + 2\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(2n^2 + 3n + 2\\) \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(n^3 + 10000n^2\\) \\(O(n^3)\\) \\(2^n + 10000n^{10000}\\) \\(O(2^n)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#224","title":"2.2.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff08\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) &lt; O(\\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \\log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u9636\u4e58\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b </p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u90e8\u5206\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b66\u5b8c\u540e\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u56de\u987e\u3002\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf <code>size</code> \u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def constant(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nsize = 100000\nfor _ in range(size):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n int) int {\ncount := 0\nsize := 100000\nfor i := 0; i &lt; size; i++ {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\nlet count = 0;\nconst size = 100000;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\nconst size = 100000;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nint i = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nlet size = 100_000\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; size {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) i32 {\n_ = n;\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nconst size: i32 = 100_000;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile(i&lt;size) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfn constant(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n_ = n;\nlet mut count = 0;\nlet size = 100_000;\nfor _ in 0..size {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nfor _ in range(n):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n int) int {\ncount := 0\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(n: i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfn linear(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\nfor _ in 0..n {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def array_traversal(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor num in nums:\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums []int) int {\ncount := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor range nums {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums) {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums: number[]): number {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int *nums, int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor _ in nums {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nfn arrayTraversal(nums: []i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (nums) |_| {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (var num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfn array_traversal(nums: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor _ in nums {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u9700\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u5e73\u65b9\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def quadratic(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\ncount = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor i in range(n):\nfor j in range(n):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n int) int {\ncount := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; n; j++ {\ncount++\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\ncount += 1\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; n) : (j += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfn quadratic(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor _ in 0..n {\nfor _ in 0..n {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u4e09\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n - 1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n-1, n-2, \\cdots, 2, 1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a \\(\\frac{n}{2}\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1a</p> \\[ O((n - 1) \\frac{n}{2}) = O(n^2) \\] JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0  # \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in range(i):\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]:\n# \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\ntmp: int = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\ncount += 3  # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) int {\ncount := 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor j := 0; j &lt; i; j++ {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j+1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\ntmp := nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j+1]\nnums[j+1] = tmp\ncount += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\nlet count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): number {\nlet count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int *nums, int n) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n(nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\ncount += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0 ..&lt; i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\ncount += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 \n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nvar i: i32 = @as(i32, @intCast(nums.len)) - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar j: usize = 0;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nwhile (j &lt; i) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nvar tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (var i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor (var j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0..i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"<p>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u201d\u662f\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e00\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e24\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5206\u88c2 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u540e\u6709 \\(2^n\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def exponential(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nbase = 1\n# \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor _ in range(n):\nfor _ in range(base):\ncount += 1\nbase *= 2\n# count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc exponential(n int) int {\ncount, base := 0, 1\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; base; j++ {\ncount++\n}\nbase *= 2\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n) {\nlet count = 0,\nbase = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0,\nbase = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint bas = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; bas; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbas *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, bas = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; bas; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbas *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc exponential(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nvar base = 1\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; base {\ncount += 1\n}\nbase *= 2\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn exponential(n: i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar bas: i32 = 1;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; bas) : (j += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nbas *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (var j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exponential(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\nlet mut base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor _ in 0..n {\nfor _ in 0..base {\ncount += 1\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n\\) \u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u505c\u6b62\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1)\nreturn 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1)\nreturn 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def exp_recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n == 1:\nreturn 1\nreturn exp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc expRecur(n int) int {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\nreturn expRecur(n-1) + expRecur(n-1) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n) {\nif (n === 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n === 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1)\nreturn 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc expRecur(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\nreturn expRecur(n: n - 1) + expRecur(n: n - 1) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn expRecur(n: i32) i32 {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exp_recur(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn 1;\n}\nexp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u7b49\uff09\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6216\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u201c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u662f \\(\\log_2 n\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(2^n\\) \u7684\u53cd\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def logarithmic(n: float) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nwhile n &gt; 1:\nn = n / 2\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logarithmic(n float64) int {\ncount := 0\nfor n &gt; 1 {\nn = n / 2\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n) {\nlet count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logarithmic(n: Double) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nvar n = n\nwhile n &gt; 1 {\nn = n / 2\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logarithmic(n: f32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar n_var = n;\nwhile (n_var &gt; 1)\n{\nn_var = n_var / 2;\ncount +=1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(num n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn logarithmic(mut n: f32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\nwhile n &gt; 1.0 {\nn = n / 2.0;\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def log_recur(n: float) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n &lt;= 1:\nreturn 0\nreturn log_recur(n / 2) + 1\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logRecur(n float64) int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 0\n}\nreturn logRecur(n/2) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logRecur(n: Double) -&gt; Int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 0\n}\nreturn logRecur(n: n / 2) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logRecur(n: f32) i32 {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(num n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn log_recur(n: f32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n &lt;= 1.0 {\nreturn 0;\n}\nlog_recur(n / 2.0) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#6-on-log-n","title":"6. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(n \\log n)\\)","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear_log_recur(n: float) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\nif n &lt;= 1:\nreturn 1\ncount: int = linear_log_recur(n // 2) + linear_log_recur(n // 2)\nfor _ in range(n):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n float64) int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\ncount := linearLogRecur(n/2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n/2)\nfor i := 0.0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nlet count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nlet count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n: Double) -&gt; Int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\nvar count = linearLogRecur(n: n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n: n / 2)\nfor _ in stride(from: 0, to: n, by: 1) {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\nfn linearLogRecur(n: f32) i32 {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nvar count: i32 = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n / 2);\nvar i: f32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(num n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfn linear_log_recur(n: f32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n &lt;= 1.0 {\nreturn 1;\n}\nlet mut count = linear_log_recur(n / 2.0) + linear_log_recur(n / 2.0);\nfor _ in 0 ..n as i32 {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u4e3b\u6d41\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#7-on","title":"7. \u00a0 \u9636\u4e58\u9636 \\(O(n!)\\)","text":"<p>\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5168\u6392\u5217\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u4e92\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6c42\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ n! = n \\times (n - 1) \\times (n - 2) \\times \\cdots \\times 2 \\times 1 \\] <p>\u9636\u4e58\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u5c42\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5206\u88c2\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def factorial_recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n == 0:\nreturn 1\ncount = 0\n# \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor _ in range(n):\ncount += factorial_recur(n - 1)\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n int) int {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn 1\n}\ncount := 0\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1)\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n) {\nif (n === 0) return 1;\nlet count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n === 0) return 1;\nlet count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn 1;\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn 1\n}\nvar count = 0\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\ncount += factorialRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn factorialRecur(n: i32) i32 {\nif (n == 0) return 1;\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn factorial_recur(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn 1;\n}\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor _ in 0..n {\ncount += factorial_recur(n - 1);\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(n! &gt; 2^n\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u6bd4\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#225","title":"2.2.5 \u00a0 \u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>nums</code> \u7531\u4ece \\(1\\) \u81f3 \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums = [?, ?, ..., 1]</code> \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u662f \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums = [1, ?, ?, ...]</code> \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u7ec4\u591a\u957f\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(\\Omega(1)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u201c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Omega\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust worst_best_time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] randomNumbers(int n) {\nInteger[] nums = new Integer[n];\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nCollections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(nums));\n// Integer[] -&gt; int[]\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int[] nums) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; randomNumbers(int n) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\nunsigned seed = chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nshuffle(nums.begin(), nums.end(), default_random_engine(seed));\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.size(); i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.py<pre><code>def random_numbers(n: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a: 1, 2, ..., n \uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\"\"\"\n# \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums =: 1, 2, 3, ..., n\nnums = [i for i in range(1, n + 1)]\n# \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nrandom.shuffle(nums)\nreturn nums\ndef find_one(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\n# \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n# \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1:\nreturn i\nreturn -1\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n int) []int {\nnums := make([]int, n)\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnums[i] = i + 1\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nrand.Shuffle(len(nums), func(i, j int) {\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n})\nreturn nums\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums []int) int {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1 {\nreturn i\n}\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n) {\nconst nums = Array(n);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\nconst temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[r];\nnums[r] = temp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] === 1) {\nreturn i;\n}\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n: number): number[] {\nconst nums = Array(n);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\nconst temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[r];\nnums[r] = temp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums: number[]): number {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] === 1) {\nreturn i;\n}\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint *randomNumbers(int n) {\n// \u5206\u914d\u5806\u533a\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u7ef4\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3an\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aint\uff09\nint *nums = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nint j = rand() % (i + 1);\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = temp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int *nums, int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] randomNumbers(int n) {\nint[] nums = new int[n];\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nvar index = new Random().Next(i, nums.Length);\nvar tmp = nums[i];\nvar ran = nums[index];\nnums[i] = ran;\nnums[index] = tmp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int[] nums) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nvar nums = Array(1 ... n)\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nnums.shuffle()\nreturn nums\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nfor i in nums.indices {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1 {\nreturn i\n}\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\npub fn randomNumbers(comptime n: usize) [n]i32 {\nvar nums: [n]i32 = undefined;\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (nums) |*num, i| {\nnum.* = @intCast(i32, i) + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nconst rand = std.crypto.random;\nrand.shuffle(i32, &amp;nums);\nreturn nums;\n}\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\npub fn findOne(nums: []i32) i32 {\nfor (nums) |num, i| {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (num == 1) return @intCast(i32, i);\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nList&lt;int&gt; randomNumbers(int n) {\nfinal nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nnums.shuffle();\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1) return i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfn random_numbers(n: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nlet mut nums = (1..=n).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;();\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nnums.shuffle(&amp;mut thread_rng());\nnums\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn find_one(nums: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; Option&lt;usize&gt; {\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1 {\nreturn Some(i);\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5f88\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6548\u7387\u5b89\u5168\u503c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u6216\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Theta\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u534a \\(\\frac{n}{2}\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(\\frac{n}{2}) = \\Theta(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u5c11\u770b\u5230 \\(\\Theta\\) \u7b26\u53f7\uff1f</p> <p>\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/","title":"\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u526f\u7a33\u56fa\u800c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002</p> <p>\u5b83\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u751f\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b</li> <li>3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b</li> <li>3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *</li> <li>3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *</li> <li>3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/","title":"3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u8c08\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u30013D \u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u6210\u3002</p> <p>\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f CPU \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>byte</code> , <code>short</code> , <code>int</code> , <code>long</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>float</code> , <code>double</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b <code>char</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b <code>bool</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u201c\u662f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5426\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u5373\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\\(1\\) \u5b57\u8282\uff08byte\uff09\u7531 \\(8\\) \u6bd4\u7279\uff08bits\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002</p> <p>\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Java \u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>byte</code> \u5360\u7528 \\(1\\) byte = \\(8\\) bits \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{8}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002</li> <li>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>int</code> \u5360\u7528 \\(4\\) bytes = \\(32\\) bits \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{32}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u65e0\u987b\u786c\u80cc\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4 </p> \u7c7b\u578b \u7b26\u53f7 \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4 \u6700\u5c0f\u503c \u6700\u5927\u503c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c \u6574\u6570 <code>byte</code> 1 byte \\(-2^7\\) (\\(-128\\)) \\(2^7 - 1\\) (\\(127\\)) \\(0\\) <code>short</code> 2 bytes \\(-2^{15}\\) \\(2^{15} - 1\\) \\(0\\) <code>int</code> 4 bytes \\(-2^{31}\\) \\(2^{31} - 1\\) \\(0\\) <code>long</code> 8 bytes \\(-2^{63}\\) \\(2^{63} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> 4 bytes \\(1.175 \\times 10^{-38}\\) \\(3.403 \\times 10^{38}\\) \\(0.0 f\\) <code>double</code> 8 bytes \\(2.225 \\times 10^{-308}\\) \\(1.798 \\times 10^{308}\\) \\(0.0\\) \u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> 2 bytes / 1 byte \\(0\\) \\(2^{16} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u5e03\u5c14 <code>bool</code> 1 byte \\(\\text{false}\\) \\(\\text{true}\\) \\(\\text{false}\\) <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8868\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>C, C++ \u672a\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u4e0a\u8868\u9075\u5faa LP64 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u4e8e Unix 64 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Linux , macOS\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5728 C, C++ \u4e2d\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002</li> <li>\u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u793a\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4f4d\uff08\\(0\\) \u6216 \\(1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a CPU \u901a\u5e38\u5c06 1 \u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u5bfb\u5740\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u6392\u6570\u5b57\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6574\u6570 <code>int</code> \u3001\u5c0f\u6570 <code>float</code> \u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u65e0\u5173\u3002</p> <p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08<code>int</code> , <code>float</code> , <code>chat</code>, <code>bool</code>\uff09\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nboolean[] bools = new boolean[5];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[5];\nfloat decimals[5];\nchar characters[5];\nbool bools[5];\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnumbers: list[int] = [0] * 5\ndecimals: list[float] = [0.0] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e94\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\ncharacters: list[str] = ['0'] * 5\nbools: list[bool] = [False] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\ndata = [0, 0.0, 'a', False, ListNode(0)]\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar numbers = [5]int{}\nvar decimals = [5]float64{}\nvar characters = [5]byte{}\nvar bools = [5]bool{}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// JavaScript \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\nconst array = [0, 0.0, 'a', false];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nconst numbers: number[] = [];\nconst characters: string[] = [];\nconst bools: boolean[] = [];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[10];\nfloat decimals[10];\nchar characters[10];\nbool bools[10];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nbool[] bools = new bool[5];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nlet numbers = Array(repeating: Int(), count: 5)\nlet decimals = Array(repeating: Double(), count: 5)\nlet characters = Array(repeating: Character(\"a\"), count: 5)\nlet bools = Array(repeating: Bool(), count: 5)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nList&lt;int&gt; numbers = List.filled(5, 0);\nList&lt;double&gt; decimals = List.filled(5, 0.0);\nList&lt;String&gt; characters = List.filled(5, 'a');\nList&lt;bool&gt; bools = List.filled(5, false);\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/","title":"3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#341-ascii","title":"3.4.1 \u00a0 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"<p>\u300cASCII \u7801\u300d\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u4ee3\u7801\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 7 \u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f4e 7 \u4f4d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 128 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u6570\u5b57 0-9 \u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u548c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aASCII \u7801 </p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0cASCII \u7801\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u300cEASCII\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u5728 ASCII \u7684 7 \u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5230 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 256 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684 EASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a ASCII \u7801\uff0c\u540e 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#342-gbk","title":"3.4.2 \u00a0 GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"<p>\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cEASCII \u7801\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6c49\u5b57\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u8fd1\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\uff0c\u5149\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u6709\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u603b\u5c40\u4e8e 1980 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300cGB2312\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 6763 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0cGB2312 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7f55\u89c1\u5b57\u548c\u7e41\u4f53\u5b57\u3002\u300cGBK\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5728 GB2312 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 21886 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002\u5728 GBK \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#343-unicode","title":"3.4.3 \u00a0 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"<p>\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u5728\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u800c\u5168\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6 Unicode \u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002</p> <p>\u300cUnicode\u300d\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u81ea 1991 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cUnicode \u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u622a\u6b62 2022 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0cUnicode \u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b 149186 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360 3 \u5b57\u8282\u751a\u81f3 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002</p> <p>Unicode \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7801\u70b9\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u5f53\u591a\u79cd\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201cHello\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4f4d\u586b 0 \uff0c\u5c06\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9694 2 \u5b57\u8282\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aUnicode \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u7136\u800c ASCII \u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u82f1\u6587\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u82e5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u672c\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f ASCII \u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#344-utf-8","title":"3.4.4 \u00a0 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801","text":"<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0cUTF-8 \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 1 \u5230 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u800c\u53d8\u3002ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\u9700\u8981 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002</p> <p>UTF-8 \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3001\u5176\u4f59 7 \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5728 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cUTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u6765\u89e3\u6790\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u6587\u672c\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5176\u4e2d \\(n &gt; 1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u3001\u7b2c \\(n + 1\\) \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff1b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201cHello\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d \\(1\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5b57\u8282\u5934\u90e8\u7684 \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002</p> <p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06 \\(10\\) \u5f53\u4f5c\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u800c ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aUTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u9664\u4e86 UTF-8 \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 2 \u6216 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90fd\u7528 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cUTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u4e0e Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u76f8\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>UTF-32 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 UTF-32 \u4f1a\u6bd4 UTF-8 \u548c UTF-16 \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u6587\uff09\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u800c UTF-8 \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cUTF-8 \u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u90fd\u4f18\u5148\u652f\u6301 UTF-8 \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#345","title":"3.4.5 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u6216 UTF-32 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee: UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002UTF-8 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570: \u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-16 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c: \u5728 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u5206\u5272\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6548\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>Java \u7684 <code>String</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Java \u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a 16 \u4f4d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u540e\u6765 Unicode \u89c4\u8303\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Java \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u5bf9 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002</li> <li>JavaScript \u548c TypeScript \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e Java \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5f53 JavaScript \u8bed\u8a00\u5728 1995 \u5e74\u88ab Netscape \u516c\u53f8\u9996\u6b21\u5f15\u5165\u65f6\uff0cUnicode \u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u4e86\u3002</li> <li>C# \u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a .NET \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u7531 Microsoft \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c Microsoft \u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Windows \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c Debug \u96be\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>Python 3 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u90e8\u662f ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 ASCII \u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u9762\uff08BMP\uff09\u5185\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6709\u8d85\u51fa BMP \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002</li> <li>Go \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 <code>string</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Go \u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>rune</code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>Rust \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 str \u548c String \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Rust \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 char \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a UTF-8 \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/","title":"3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b","text":"<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#311","title":"3.1.1 \u00a0 \u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027","text":"<p>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5411\u4e0b\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7956\u5148\u4e0e\u540e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u56fe\u5219\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</p> <p>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\uff1b\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5448\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 </p> <p>\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6808\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> <li>\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#312","title":"3.1.2 \u00a0 \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0e\u79bb\u6563","text":"<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u786c\u76d8\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u786c\u76d8\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 TB \u7ea7\u522b\uff09\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a GB \u7ea7\u522b\uff09\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u65b9\u5757\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684 Excel \u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5206\u914d\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 </p> <p>\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u9009\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u3002</p> <p>\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u589e\u5220\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8 </p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\uff08\u7ef4\u5ea6 \\(\\geq 3\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b64\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u5982\u82e5\u611f\u89c9\u7406\u89e3\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u987e\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/","title":"3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"<p>Note</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5e26\u6709\u7684 * \u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u6216\u611f\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u7b49\u5b66\u5b8c\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u5355\u72ec\u653b\u514b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#331","title":"3.3.1 \u00a0 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8d1f\u6570\u90fd\u6bd4\u6b63\u6570\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>byte</code> \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u8865\u7801\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u539f\u7801\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\\(1\\) \u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u53cd\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u539f\u7801\u9664\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\u3002</li> <li>\u8865\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u5176\u53cd\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362 </p> <p>\u300c\u539f\u7801 true form\u300d\u867d\u7136\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u539f\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f \\(-3\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} &amp; 1 + (-2) \\newline &amp; = 0000 \\space 0001 + 1000 \\space 0010 \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0011 \\newline &amp; = -3 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u7801 1's complement code\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u539f\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53cd\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53cd\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53cd\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u56de\u539f\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u679c \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} &amp; 1 + (-2) \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow 0000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\space 0010 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 0000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111  \\space 1101 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1111 \\space 1110 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow -1 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u6709 \\(+0\\) \u548c \\(-0\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} +0 &amp; = 0000 \\space 0000 \\newline -0 &amp; = 1000 \\space 0000 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4e0e\u539f\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53cd\u7801\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u8865\u7801 2's complement code\u300d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} -0 = \\space &amp; 1000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline = \\space &amp; 1111 \\space 1111 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline = 1 \\space &amp; 0000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u5728\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46 <code>byte</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ea2\u51fa\u5230\u7b2c 9 \u4f4d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\space 0000\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd8\u5269\u4f59\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7591\u60d1\uff1a<code>byte</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \uff0c\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u6570 \\(-128\\) \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([-127, +127]\\) \u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\space 0000\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\space 0000\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u539f\u7801\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57 \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8865\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\space 0000\\) \u4ee3\u8868 \\(-128\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\\((-1) + (-127)\\) \u5728\u8865\u7801\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f \\(-128\\) \u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} &amp; (-127) + (-1) \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow 1111 \\space 1111 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111  \\space 1110 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} + 1111  \\space 1111 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow -128 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u548c\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51cf\u6cd5 \\(a - b\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u52a0\u6cd5 \\(a + (-b)\\) \uff1b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u9664\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u591a\u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u6216\u51cf\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7535\u8def\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u6765\u5904\u7406\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u522b\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u5173\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#332","title":"3.3.2 \u00a0 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7f16\u7801","text":"<p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<code>int</code> \u548c <code>float</code> \u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f 4 bytes\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 <code>float</code> \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e <code>int</code> \uff1f\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6309\u7406\u8bf4 <code>float</code> \u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5e94\u8be5\u53d8\u5c0f\u624d\u5bf9\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a 32-bit \u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ b_{31} b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_2 b_1 b_0 \\] <p>\u6839\u636e IEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\uff0c32-bit \u957f\u5ea6\u7684 <code>float</code> \u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{S}\\) \uff1a\u5360 1 bit \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{31}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{E}\\) \uff1a\u5360 8 bits \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N}\\) \uff1a\u5360 23 bits \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 <code>float</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text {val} = (-1)^{b_{31}} \\times 2^{\\left(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\right)_2-127} \\times\\left(1 . b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\right)_2 \\] <p>\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text {val}=(-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{\\mathrm{E} -127} \\times (1 + \\mathrm{N}) \\] <p>\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u9879\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\mathrm{S} \\in &amp; \\{ 0, 1\\} , \\quad \\mathrm{E} \\in \\{ 1, 2, \\dots, 254 \\} \\newline (1 + \\mathrm{N}) = &amp; (1 + \\sum_{i=1}^{23} b_{23-i} 2^{-i}) \\subset [1, 2 - 2^{-23}] \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aIEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u7684 float \u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f </p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e \\(\\mathrm{S} = 0\\) \uff0c \\(\\mathrm{E} = 124\\) \uff0c\\(\\mathrm{N} = 2^{-2} + 2^{-3} = 0.375\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text { val } = (-1)^0 \\times 2^{124 - 127} \\times (1 + 0.375) = 0.171875 \\] <p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u6700\u521d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<code>float</code> \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e <code>int</code> \u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c<code>float</code> \u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b63\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{254 - 127} \\times (2 - 2^{-23}) \\approx 3.4 \\times 10^{38}\\) \uff0c\u5207\u6362\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u8d1f\u6570\u3002</p> <p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>int</code> \u5c06\u5168\u90e8 32 \u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> \u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u8d8a\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(E = 0\\) \u548c \\(E = 255\\) \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u3001\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3001\\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\) \u7b49\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u542b\u4e49 </p> \u6307\u6570\u4f4d E \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} = 0\\) \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} \\ne 0\\) \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f \\(0\\) \\(\\pm 0\\) \u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{-126} \\times (0.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(1, 2, \\dots, 254\\) \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{(\\mathrm{E} -127)} \\times (1.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(255\\) \\(\\pm \\infty\\) \\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\) <p>\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126} \\approx 1.18 \\times 10^{-38}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126} \\times 2^{-23} \\approx 1.4 \\times 10^{-45}\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 <code>double</code> \u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c <code>float</code> \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e0d\u518d\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/","title":"3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u5806\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u6570 <code>byte</code> , <code>short</code> , <code>int</code> , <code>long</code> \u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> , <code>double</code> \u3001\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \u548c\u5e03\u5c14 <code>boolean</code> \u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</li> <li>\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u6574\u6570\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u51cf\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7531 1 \u4f4d\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u30018 \u4f4d\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u548c 23 \u4f4d\u5206\u6570\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>ASCII \u7801\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55 127 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002Unicode \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>UTF-8 \u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002UTF-16 \u548c UTF-32 \u662f\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u6587\u65f6\uff0cUTF-16 \u6bd4 UTF-8 \u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002Java, C# \u7b49\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/#351-q-a","title":"3.5.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\uff08\u540e\u7eed\u6563\u5217\u8868\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff09\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u94fe\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6876\uff09\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff1b\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6811\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6811\uff09\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p><code>char</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 1 byte \u5417\uff1f</p> <p><code>char</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7531\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava, JS, TS, C# \u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff08\u4fdd\u5b58 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 bytes \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/","title":"\u7b2c 12 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u96be\u9898\u88ab\u9010\u5c42\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u62c6\u89e3\u90fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u3002</p> <p>\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u590d\u6742\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565</li> <li>12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u6811\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/","title":"12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u5806\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7686\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53d7\u53e6\u5916\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65e0\u987b\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e8\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5206\u6cbb\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u9009\u9879\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u63a8\uff08\u8fed\u4ee3\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\uff08\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(f(i, j)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(0, n-1)\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u4e2d\u70b9 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u6c42\u89e3\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a \\(f(i, m-1)\\) \u6216 \\(f(m+1, j)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u7b2c <code>1.</code> , <code>2.</code> \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230 <code>target</code> \u6216\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(6\\) \u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>dfs()</code> \u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(i, j)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_recur.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) / 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) / 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.size();\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.py<pre><code>def dfs(nums: list[int], target: int, i: int, j: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j)\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i &gt; j:\nreturn -1\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nm = (i + j) // 2\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j)\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1)\nelse:\n# \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\ndef binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.go<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunc dfs(nums []int, target, i, j int) int {\n// \u5982\u679c\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i &gt; j {\nreturn -1\n}\n//    \u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u70b9\nm := i + ((j - i) &gt;&gt; 1)\n//\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\nif nums[m] &lt; target {\n// \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m+1, j)\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target {\n// \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m-1)\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\nn := len(nums)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n-1)\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.js<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums, target, i, j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = i + ((j - i) &gt;&gt; 1);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.ts<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums: number[], target: number, i: number, j: number): number {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = i + ((j - i) &gt;&gt; 1);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) / 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.Length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) ~/ 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.rs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfn dfs(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32, i: i32, j: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i &gt; j { return -1; }\nlet m: i32 = (i + j) / 2;\nif nums[m as usize] &lt; target {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if nums[m as usize] &gt; target {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfn binary_search(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = nums.len() as i32;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\ndfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/","title":"12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>preorder</code> \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>inorder</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u4ece\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece <code>preorder</code> \u548c <code>inorder</code> \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\uff09\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u540c\u7406\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>preorder</code> \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>inorder</code> \u6765\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c<code>preorder</code> \u548c <code>inorder</code> \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a<code>[ \u6839\u8282\u70b9 | \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ]</code> \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe <code>[ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a<code>[ \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \uff5c \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ]</code> \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe <code>[ 9 | 3 | 1 2 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20 3 \u662f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u6839\u8282\u70b9 3 \u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u5c06 <code>inorder</code> \u5212\u5206\u4e3a <code>[ 9 | 3 \uff5c 1 2 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u6839\u636e <code>inorder</code> \u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 1 \u548c 3 \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u5c06 <code>preorder</code> \u5212\u5206\u4e3a <code>[ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u548c <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([l, r]\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u91cf\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u6811\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5b50\u6811\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 </p> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \u5b50\u6811\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4 \u5f53\u524d\u6811 \\(i\\) \\([l, r]\\) \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1\\) \\([l, m-1]\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1 + (m - l)\\) \\([m+1, r]\\) <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684 \\((m-l)\\) \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2 \\(m\\) \u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>hmap</code> \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust build_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode dfs(int[] preorder, int[] inorder, Map&lt;Integer, Integer&gt; hmap, int i, int l, int r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0)\nreturn null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap.get(preorder[i]);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nMap&lt;Integer, Integer&gt; hmap = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap.put(inorder[i], i);\n}\nTreeNode root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode *dfs(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;preorder, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;inorder, unordered_map&lt;int, int&gt; &amp;hmap, int i, int l, int r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0)\nreturn NULL;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap[preorder[i]];\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot-&gt;left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot-&gt;right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;preorder, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nunordered_map&lt;int, int&gt; hmap;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.size(); i++) {\nhmap[inorder[i]] = i;\n}\nTreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.size() - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.py<pre><code>def dfs(\npreorder: list[int],\ninorder: list[int],\nhmap: dict[int, int],\ni: int,\nl: int,\nr: int,\n) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif r - l &lt; 0:\nreturn None\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = TreeNode(preorder[i])\n# \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nm = hmap[preorder[i]]\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1)\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root\ndef build_tree(preorder: list[int], inorder: list[int]) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nhmap = {val: i for i, val in enumerate(inorder)}\nroot = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, len(inorder) - 1)\nreturn root\n</code></pre> build_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunc dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder []int, hmap map[int]int, i, l, r int) *TreeNode {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif r-l &lt; 0 {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot := NewTreeNode(preorder[i])\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nm := hmap[preorder[i]]\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.Left = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder, hmap, i+1, l, m-1)\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.Right = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder, hmap, i+1+m-l, m+1, r)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunc buildTree(preorder, inorder []int) *TreeNode {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nhmap := make(map[int]int, len(inorder))\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(inorder); i++ {\nhmap[inorder[i]] = i\n}\nroot := dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, len(inorder)-1)\nreturn root\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i, l, r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0) return null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nconst m = hmap.get(preorder[i]);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder, inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nlet hmap = new Map();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap.set(inorder[i], i);\n}\nconst root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(\npreorder: number[],\ninorder: number[],\nhmap: Map&lt;number, number&gt;,\ni: number,\nl: number,\nr: number\n): TreeNode | null {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0) return null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst root: TreeNode = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nconst m = hmap.get(preorder[i]);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder: number[], inorder: number[]): TreeNode | null {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nlet hmap = new Map&lt;number, number&gt;();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap.set(inorder[i], i);\n}\nconst root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n</code></pre> build_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode dfs(int[] preorder, int[] inorder, Dictionary&lt;int, int&gt; hmap, int i, int l, int r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0)\nreturn null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap[preorder[i]];\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nDictionary&lt;int, int&gt; hmap = new Dictionary&lt;int, int&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.Length; i++) {\nhmap.TryAdd(inorder[i], i);\n}\nTreeNode root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.Length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n</code></pre> build_tree.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n</code></pre> build_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode? dfs(\nList&lt;int&gt; preorder,\nList&lt;int&gt; inorder,\nMap&lt;int, int&gt; hmap,\nint i,\nint l,\nint r,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? root = TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap[preorder[i]]!;\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(List&lt;int&gt; preorder, List&lt;int&gt; inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nMap&lt;int, int&gt; hmap = {};\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap[inorder[i]] = i;\n}\nTreeNode? root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfn dfs(preorder: &amp;[i32], inorder: &amp;[i32], hmap: &amp;HashMap&lt;i32, i32&gt;, i: i32, l: i32, r: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt; {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif r - l &lt; 0 { return None; }\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nlet root = TreeNode::new(preorder[i as usize]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlet m = hmap.get(&amp;preorder[i as usize]).unwrap();\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.borrow_mut().left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.borrow_mut().right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(root)\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfn build_tree(preorder: &amp;[i32], inorder: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nlet mut hmap: HashMap&lt;i32, i32&gt; = HashMap::new();\nfor i in 0..inorder.len() {\nhmap.insert(inorder[i], i as i32);\n}\nlet root = dfs(preorder, inorder, &amp;hmap, 0, 0, inorder.len() as i32 - 1);\nroot\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0b\u201c\u9012\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u6761\u8fb9\uff08\u5373\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u8bbe\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>dfs()</code> \uff09\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58\u50a8 <code>inorder</code> \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/","title":"12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u5206\u6cbb divide and conquer\u300d\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6cbb\u201d\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u5df2\u77e5\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u7b97\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5206\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u6cbb\uff1a\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1211","title":"12.1.1 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f97\u6765\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u663e\u7136\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u6761\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1212","title":"12.1.2 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5192\u6ce1\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u53d1\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b65\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u4ee5\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u5212\u5206\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O((\\frac{n}{2})^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ O(n + (\\frac{n}{2})^2 \\times 2 + n) = O(\\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n) \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5212\u5206\u6570\u7ec4\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f </p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u524d\u548c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u6570\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} n^2 &amp; &gt; \\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n \\newline n^2 - \\frac{n^2}{2} - 2n &amp; &gt; 0 \\newline n(n - 4) &amp; &gt; 0 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53 \\(n &gt; 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u53d8\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5212\u5206\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u518d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5212\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u201c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002</p> <p>\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5728\u591a\u6838\u6216\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6240\u6709\u6876\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1213","title":"12.1.3 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff1a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u70b9\u96c6\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u627e\u51fa\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u627e\u51fa\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\u3002</li> <li>\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Karatsuba \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Strassen \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> <li>\u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u3002\u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6392\u9664\u54ea\u4e00\u534a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u533a\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u5df2\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002</li> <li>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u3001B+ \u6811\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\uff1a\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\u7565\u95f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6da6\u7269\u7ec6\u65e0\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/","title":"12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>A</code> , <code>B</code> , <code>C</code> \u3002\u8d77\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u67f1\u5b50 <code>A</code> \u4e0a\u5957\u7740 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8fd9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230\u67f1\u5b50 <code>C</code> \u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u5706\u76d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5706\u76d8\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u653e\u5165\u3002</li> <li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u3002</li> <li>\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u505a \\(f(i)\\) \u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \\(f(3)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u5c06 \\(3\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 1 \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5728\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 <code>B</code> \u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>B</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u518d\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>B</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 <code>B</code> \u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<code>C</code> \u79f0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001<code>B</code> \u79f0\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 2 \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5 \\(f(1)\\) \u548c \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c06 <code>A</code> \u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u4ee4 <code>B</code> \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001<code>C</code> \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>B</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 <code>A</code> \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u4ee4 <code>C</code> \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001<code>A</code> \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>B</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u5c31\u88ab\u987a\u5229\u5730\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u4e86\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 3 \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89e3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 <code>C</code> \u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>B</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5269\u4f59 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 <code>A</code> \u4ece <code>B</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u800c \\(f(1)\\) \u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>dfs(i, src, buf, tar)</code> \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u67f1 <code>src</code> \u9876\u90e8\u7684 \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1 <code>buf</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u67f1 <code>tar</code> \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hanota.java<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List&lt;Integer&gt; src, List&lt;Integer&gt; tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nInteger pan = src.remove(src.size() - 1);\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.add(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List&lt;Integer&gt; src, List&lt;Integer&gt; buf, List&lt;Integer&gt; tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid solveHanota(List&lt;Integer&gt; A, List&lt;Integer&gt; B, List&lt;Integer&gt; C) {\nint n = A.size();\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.cpp<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;src, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nint pan = src.back();\nsrc.pop_back();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push_back(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;src, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;buf, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid hanota(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;A, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;B, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;C) {\nint n = A.size();\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.py<pre><code>def move(src: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\"\"\"\n# \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\npan = src.pop()\n# \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.append(pan)\ndef dfs(i: int, src: list[int], buf: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i)\"\"\"\n# \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif i == 1:\nmove(src, tar)\nreturn\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf)\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar)\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar)\ndef hanota(A: list[int], B: list[int], C: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\"\"\"\nn = len(A)\n# \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C)\n</code></pre> hanota.go<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunc move(src, tar *list.List) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\npan := src.Back()\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.PushBack(pan.Value)\n// \u79fb\u9664 src \u9876\u90e8\u5706\u76d8\nsrc.Remove(pan)\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunc dfsHanota(i int, src, buf, tar *list.List) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif i == 1 {\nmove(src, tar)\nreturn\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfsHanota(i-1, src, tar, buf)\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar)\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfsHanota(i-1, buf, src, tar)\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfunc hanota(A, B, C *list.List) {\nn := A.Len()\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfsHanota(n, A, B, C)\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.js<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src, tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nconst pan = src.pop();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i, src, buf, tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i === 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfunction hanota(A, B, C) {\nconst n = A.length;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.ts<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nconst pan = src.pop();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i: number, src: number[], buf: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i === 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfunction hanota(A: number[], B: number[], C: number[]): void {\nconst n = A.length;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{move}\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{hanota}\n</code></pre> hanota.cs<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nint pan = src[^1];\nsrc.RemoveAt(src.Count - 1);\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.Add(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; buf, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid solveHanota(List&lt;int&gt; A, List&lt;int&gt; B, List&lt;int&gt; C) {\nint n = A.Count;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{move}\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{hanota}\n</code></pre> hanota.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{move}\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{hanota}\n</code></pre> hanota.dart<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nint pan = src.removeLast();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.add(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; buf, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid hanota(List&lt;int&gt; A, List&lt;int&gt; B, List&lt;int&gt; C) {\nint n = A.length;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.rs<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfn move_pan(src: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, tar: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nlet pan = src.remove(src.len() - 1);\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfn dfs(i: i32, src: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, buf: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, tar: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif i == 1 {\nmove_pan(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove_pan(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfn hanota(A: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, B: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, C: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\nlet n = A.len() as i32;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u542f\u7684 <code>dfs()</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p> <p>Quote</p> <p>\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u79cd\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfa\u5e99\u91cc\uff0c\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u6839\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \\(64\\) \u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u91d1\u5706\u76d8\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u539f\u76d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 \\(2^{64} \\approx 1.84\u00d710^{19}\\) \u79d2\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6 \\(5850\\) \u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/","title":"12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\uff09\u548c\u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u5f15\u5165\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u540e\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6cbb\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u8eab\u5f71\u3002</li> <li>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5206\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n-1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/","title":"\u7b2c 14 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5c0f\u6eaa\u6c47\u5165\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u6c5f\u6cb3\u6c47\u5165\u5927\u6d77\u3002</p> <p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5c06\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5f15\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f7c\u5cb8\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212</li> <li>14.2 \u00a0 DP \u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027</li> <li>14.3 \u00a0 DP \u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def</li> <li>14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/","title":"14.2 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u4e2d\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1421","title":"14.2.1 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7a0d\u4f5c\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u5c55\u793a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u3002</p> <p>\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u90fd\u8d34\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5728\u8be5\u53f0\u9636\u6240\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 \\(cost\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(cost[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u53f0\u9636\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\\(cost[0]\\) \u4e3a\u5730\u9762\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u9876\u90e8\uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(1\\) , \\(10\\) , \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7 </p> <p>\u8bbe \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e3a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u8d70\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i - 1] + cost[i]\\) \u6216 \\(dp[i - 2] + cost[i]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5373\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i] = \\min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i] \\] <p>\u8fd9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u663e\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1]\\) , \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u8f83\u4f18\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i]\\) \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0a\u8282\u7684\u722c\u697c\u68af\u9898\u76ee\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u95ee\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u5916\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9898\u76ee\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u540e\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(n-1\\) \u9636\u548c\u7b2c \\(n-2\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 \\(dp[1] = cost[1]\\) , \\(dp[2] = cost[2]\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;cost) {\nint n = cost.size() - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn cost[n]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp = [0] * (n + 1)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1], dp[2] = cost[1], cost[2]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\nreturn dp[n]\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost []int) int {\nn := len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp := make([]int, n+1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1]\ndp[2] = cost[2]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i-1]), float64(dp[i-2]+cost[i])))\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.Length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = cost.count - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1\ndp[2] = 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDP(comptime cost: []i32) i32 {\ncomptime var n = cost.len - 1;\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn cost[n];\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i] = @min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(List&lt;int&gt; cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = cost.len() - 1;\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n]; }\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nlet mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in 3..=n {\ndp[i] = cmp::min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\ndp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u7ef4\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u96f6\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;cost) {\nint n = cost.size() - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn cost[n]\na, b = cost[1], cost[2]\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\na, b = b, min(a, b) + cost[i]\nreturn b\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost []int) int {\nn := len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\na, b := cost[1], cost[2]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ntmp := b\nb = int(math.Min(float64(a), float64(tmp+cost[i])))\na = tmp\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.Length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = Math.Min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = cost.count - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\nvar (a, b) = (cost[1], cost[2])\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n(a, b) = (b, min(a, b) + cost[i])\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: []i32) i32 {\nvar n = cost.len - 1;\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn cost[n];\n}\nvar a = cost[1];\nvar b = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\nvar tmp = b;\nb = @min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = cost.len() - 1;\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n] };\nlet (mut a, mut b) = (cost[1], cost[2]);\nfor i in 3..=n {\nlet tmp = b;\nb = cmp::min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nb\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1422","title":"14.2.2 \u00a0 \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027","text":"<p>\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+1\\) \u548c\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+2\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u6b65\u548c\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u6b65\u3002\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u7684\u672a\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u4e0a\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u4ec5\u5269 \\(2\\) \u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u6b21\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf </p> <p>\u5728\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u662f\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u548c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4e0a\u8f6e\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u4e5f\u5931\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u201d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06 \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u5165 \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e2d\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5904\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(j\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(j \\in \\{1, 2\\}\\) \u3002\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u8fd8\u662f \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u8df3\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53 \\(j\\) \u7b49\u4e8e \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 \\(j\\) \u7b49\u4e8e \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(2\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{cases} dp[i, 1] = dp[i-1, 2] \\\\ dp[i, 2] = dp[i-2, 1] + dp[i-2, 2] \\end{cases} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de \\(dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2]\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][3];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(3, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.py<pre><code>def climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp = [[0] * 3 for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1], dp[1][2] = 1, 0\ndp[2][1], dp[2][2] = 0, 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n int) int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp := make([][3]int, n+1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1\ndp[1][2] = 0\ndp[2][1] = 0\ndp[2][2] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i-1][2]\ndp[i][2] = dp[i-2][1] + dp[i-2][2]\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsConstraintDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsConstraintDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsConstraintDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, 3];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1, 1] = 1;\ndp[1, 2] = 0;\ndp[2, 1] = 0;\ndp[2, 2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i, 1] = dp[i - 1, 2];\ndp[i, 2] = dp[i - 2, 1] + dp[i - 2, 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: 3), count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1\ndp[1][2] = 0\ndp[2][1] = 0\ndp[2][2] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsConstraintDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(n);\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = [_][3]i32{ [_]i32{ -1, -1, -1 } } ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(3, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32 };\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![-1; 3]; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in 3..=n {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\ndp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u9700\u591a\u8003\u8651\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u6062\u590d\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u6709\u540e\u6548\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <p>\u722c\u697c\u68af\u4e0e\u969c\u788d\u751f\u6210</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u653e\u4e0a\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u8f6e\u90fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u8df3\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c \\(2, 3\\) \u9636\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(4, 6\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/","title":"14.3 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u4e0a\u4e24\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff1f</li> <li>\u6c42\u89e3\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u8be5\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1431","title":"14.3.1 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u5224\u65ad","text":"<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u653e\u5bbd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u7a77\u4e3e\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u9002\u5408\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89e3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u6216\u6700\u591a\uff08\u5c11\uff09\u7b49\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002</li> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u6216\u6811\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u201c\u51cf\u5206\u9879\u201d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1432","title":"14.3.2 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"<p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f1a\u56e0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u201d\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times m\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c <code>grid</code> \uff0c\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4ee5\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e3a \\(13\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u540e\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u4e3a \\([i+1, j]\\) \u6216 \\([i, j+1]\\) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9 \\([0, 0]\\) \u8d70\u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff0c\u89e3\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u683c \\(grid\\) \u76f8\u540c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e dp \u8868 </p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u89e3\u9898\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\uff1a\u5230\u8fbe \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7531 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e0e \\([i-1, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j] \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b </p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u9020\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9996\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u53f3\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u9996\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c \\(i = 0\\) \u548c\u9996\u5217 \\(j = 0\\) \u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u91c7\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u904d\u5386\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u884c\u3001\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5217\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f </p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6309\u7167\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u4ece\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c \\([i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u8981\u7d20\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ece \\([0, 0]\\) \u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i = 0\\) \u4e14 \\(j = 0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(grid[0, 0]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i &lt; 0\\) \u65f6\u6216 \\(j &lt; 0\\) \u65f6\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(+\\infty\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dfs(grid: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 and j == 0:\nreturn grid[0][0]\n# \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0:\nreturn inf\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j)\nup = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid [][]int, i, j int) int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn math.MaxInt\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft := minPathSumDFS(grid, i-1, j)\nup := minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j-1)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0){\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn int.MaxValue;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid: [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0, j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn .max\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i - 1, j: j)\nlet up = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i, j: j - 1)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFS(grid: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 and j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0) {\nreturn std.math.maxInt(i32);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nvar left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nvar up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\nreturn BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, i: i32, j: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn i32::MAX;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j);\nlet up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nstd::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5 \\(dp[2, 1]\\) \u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u683c <code>grid</code> \u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53d8\u5927\u800c\u6025\u5267\u589e\u591a\u3002</p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e00\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u548c\u5411\u53f3\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u8d70\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981 \\(m + n - 2\\) \u6b65\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^{m + n})\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u672a\u8003\u8651\u4e34\u8fd1\u7f51\u683c\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u754c\u65f6\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7f51\u683c <code>grid</code> \u76f8\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 <code>mem</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dfs_mem(\ngrid: list[list[int]], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int\n) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 and j == 0:\nreturn grid[0][0]\n# \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0:\nreturn inf\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][j] != -1:\nreturn mem[i][j]\n# \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)\nup = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\nreturn mem[i][j]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem [][]int, i, j int) int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn math.MaxInt\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][j] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i-1, j)\nup := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j-1)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn int.MaxValue;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid: [[Int]], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0, j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn .max\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][j] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, j: j)\nlet up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &amp;mem, i: i, j: j - 1)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFSMem(grid: anytype, mem: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 and j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0) {\nreturn std.math.maxInt(i32);\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] != -1) {\nreturn mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nvar left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nvar up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] = @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\nreturn mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\nreturn BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, mem: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, i: i32, j: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn i32::MAX;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i as usize][j as usize] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i as usize][j as usize];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nlet up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i as usize][j as usize] = std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize];\nmem[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ea\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u683c\u5c3a\u5bf8 \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n][m];\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid) {\nint n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n, vector&lt;int&gt;(m));\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dp(grid: list[list[int]]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * m for _ in range(n)]\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n):\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n):\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid [][]int) int {\nn, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, m)\n}\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j-1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt; n; i++ {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + grid[i][0]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i][j-1]), float64(dp[i-1][j]))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n-1][m-1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n, m];\ndp[0, 0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0, j] = dp[0, j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i, 0] = dp[i - 1, 0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i, j] = Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1, m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid: [[Int]]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = grid.count\nlet m = grid[0].count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m), count: n)\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDP(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\ncomptime var n = grid.len;\ncomptime var m = grid[0].len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][m]i32{[_]i32{0} ** m} ** n;\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (1..n) |i| {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (1..n) |i| {\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[i][j] = @min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n, (i) =&gt; List.filled(m, 0));\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; m]; n];\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i in 1..n {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in 1..n {\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\ndp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u904d\u5386\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n \\times m\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u884c\u4e2d\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[m];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid) {\nint n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(m);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: list[list[int]]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * m\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0]\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in range(1, n):\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\nreturn dp[m - 1]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid [][]int) int {\nn, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, m)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0]\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[j] = dp[j-1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt; n; i++ {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[j-1]), float64(dp[j]))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m-1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[m];\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid: [[Int]]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = grid.count\nlet m = grid[0].count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0]\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDPComp(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\ncomptime var n = grid.len;\ncomptime var m = grid[0].len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** m;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (1..n) |i| {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[j] = @min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(m, 0);\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; m];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in 1..n {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[j] = std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\ndp[m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/","title":"14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6539\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002</p> <p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06 <code>kitten</code> \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a <code>sitting</code> \u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e 1 \u6b21\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u5c06 <code>hello</code> \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a <code>algo</code> \u9700\u8981 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c 1 \u6b21\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece <code>hello</code> \u8f6c\u6362\u5230 <code>algo</code> \u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u8282\u70b9 <code>hello</code> \u548c\u8282\u70b9 <code>algo</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8003\u8651 \\(s[n-2]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-2]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5f85\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5728 \\(s\\) , \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002</p> <p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((i+1) \\times (j+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u8003\u8651\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5728 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664 \\(s[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb </p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) , \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) , \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 \\(1\\) \u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i, j-1], dp[i-1, j], dp[i-1, j-1]) + 1 \\] <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f53 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1] \\] <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5f53\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[0, 0] = 0\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, j] = j\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e \\(s\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0] = i\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u89e3 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u4f9d\u8d56\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust edit_distance.java<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(m + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.py<pre><code>def edit_distance_dp(s: str, t: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(s), len(t)\ndp = [[0] * (m + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\ndp[i][0] = i\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\ndp[0][j] = j\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\nif s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n# \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\nelse:\n# \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\nreturn dp[n][m]\n</code></pre> edit_distance.go<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s string, t string) int {\nn := len(s)\nm := len(t)\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, m+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i][0] = i\n}\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\ndp[0][j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\nif s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j]), dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i, 0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0, j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.swift<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = s.utf8CString.count\nlet m = t.utf8CString.count\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][0] = i\n}\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\ndp[0][j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\nif s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.zig<pre><code>// \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDP(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\ncomptime var n = s.len;\ncomptime var m = t.len;\nvar dp = [_][m + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (m + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i][0] = @intCast(i);\n}\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\ndp[0][j] = @intCast(j);\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = @min(@min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.dart<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length, m = t.length;\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (_) =&gt; List.filled(m + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.rs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp(s: &amp;str, t: &amp;str) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i in 1..= n {\ndp[i][0] = i as i32;\n}\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[0][j] = j as i32;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor j in 1..=m {\nif s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\ndp[n][m]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u586b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt;&lt;13&gt;&lt;14&gt;&lt;15&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i,j]\\) \u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) \u3001\u5de6\u65b9 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u6784\u5efa \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <code>leftup</code> \u6765\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5de6\u65b9\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust edit_distance.java<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nint[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(m + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.py<pre><code>def edit_distance_dp_comp(s: str, t: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(s), len(t)\ndp = [0] * (m + 1)\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\ndp[j] = j\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nleftup = dp[0]  # \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] += 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\ntemp = dp[j]\nif s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n# \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup\nelse:\n# \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1\nleftup = temp  # \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\nreturn dp[m]\n</code></pre> edit_distance.go<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s string, t string) int {\nn := len(s)\nm := len(t)\ndp := make([]int, m+1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\ndp[j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nleftUp := dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\ntemp := dp[j]\nif s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftUp\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[j-1], dp[j]), leftUp) + 1\n}\nleftUp = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\nint[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.swift<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = s.utf8CString.count\nlet m = t.utf8CString.count\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\ndp[j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nvar leftup = dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\nlet temp = dp[j]\nif s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1\n}\nleftup = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.zig<pre><code>// \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDPComp(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\ncomptime var n = s.len;\ncomptime var m = t.len;\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (m + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\ndp[j] = @intCast(j);\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nvar leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = @intCast(i);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\nvar temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = @min(@min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.dart<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length, m = t.length;\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.rs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp_comp(s: &amp;str, t: &amp;str) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\nlet mut dp = vec![0; m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[j] = j as i32;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in 1..=n {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nlet mut leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i as i32;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in 1..=m {\nlet temp = dp[j];\nif s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\ndp[m]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/","title":"14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u300c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 dynamic programming\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u9898\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u722c\u697c\u68af</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u5171\u6709 \\(3\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u722c\u697c\u68af\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_backtrack.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; choices, int state, int n, List&lt;Integer&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n)\nres.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Integer choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n)\nbreak;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; choices = Arrays.asList(1, 2); // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nres.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, int state, int n, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n)\nres[0]++;\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (auto &amp;choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n)\nbreak;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; choices = {1, 2}; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0;                // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nvector&lt;int&gt; res = {0};        // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.py<pre><code>def backtrack(choices: list[int], state: int, n: int, res: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n:\nres[0] += 1\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices:\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state + choice &gt; n:\nbreak\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\ndef climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\nchoices = [1, 2]  # \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nstate = 0  # \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nres = [0]  # \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res)\nreturn res[0]\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices []int, state, n int, res []int) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n {\nres[0] = res[0] + 1\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor _, choice := range choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state+choice &gt; n {\nbreak\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state+choice, n, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n int) int {\n// \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nchoices := []int{1, 2}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nstate := 0\nres := make([]int, 1)\n// \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nres[0] = 0\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res)\nreturn res[0]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(choices, state, n, res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) break;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n) {\nconst choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nconst state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nconst res = new Map();\nres.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(\nchoices: number[],\nstate: number,\nn: number,\nres: Map&lt;0, any&gt;\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) break;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n: number): number {\nconst choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nconst state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nconst res = new Map();\nres.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsBacktrack}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; choices, int state, int n, List&lt;int&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n)\nres[0]++;\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nforeach (int choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n)\nbreak;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nList&lt;int&gt; choices = new List&lt;int&gt; { 1, 2 }; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt; { 0 }; // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices: [Int], state: Int, n: Int, res: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n {\nres[0] += 1\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state + choice &gt; n {\nbreak\n}\nbacktrack(choices: choices, state: state + choice, n: n, res: &amp;res)\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet choices = [1, 2] // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nlet state = 0 // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nvar res: [Int] = []\nres.append(0) // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices: choices, state: state, n: n, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res[0]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig<pre><code>// \u56de\u6eaf\nfn backtrack(choices: []i32, state: i32, n: i32, res: std.ArrayList(i32)) void {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n) {\nres.items[0] = res.items[0] + 1;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (choices) |choice| {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\nfn climbingStairsBacktrack(n: usize) !i32 {\nvar choices = [_]i32{ 1, 2 }; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nvar state: i32 = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nvar res = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer res.deinit();\ntry res.append(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(&amp;choices, state, @intCast(n), res);\nreturn res.items[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; choices, int state, int n, List&lt;int&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n) {\nres[0]++;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) break;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nList&lt;int&gt; choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nList&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nres.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfn backtrack(choices: &amp;[i32], state: i32, n: i32, res: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n { res[0] = res[0] + 1; }\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor &amp;choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state + choice &gt; n { break; }\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfn climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet choices = vec![ 1, 2 ]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nlet state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nlet mut res = Vec::new();\nres.push(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(&amp;choices, state, n as i32, &amp;mut res);\nres[0]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1411","title":"14.1.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u63a2\u548c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u5171\u6709 \\(dp[i]\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \\(dp[i]\\) \u5c31\u662f\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec:</p> \\[ dp[i-1] , dp[i-2] , \\cdots , dp[2] , dp[1] \\] <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i -1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u524d\u5f80\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u52a0\u4e0a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2] \\] <p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4ee5 \\(dp[n]\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[2]\\) \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[1] = 1\\) , \\(dp[2] = 2\\) \u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u9636\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dfs.java<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.py<pre><code>def dfs(i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 or i == 2:\nreturn i\n# dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2)\nreturn count\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\nreturn dfs(n)\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.go<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i int) int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount := dfs(i-1) + dfs(i-2)\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n int) int {\nreturn dfs(n)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.js<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number): number {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n: number): number {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDFS}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i: i - 1) + dfs(i: i - 2)\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\ndfs(i: n)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.zig<pre><code>// \u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize) i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 or i == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(i);\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nvar count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFS(comptime n: usize) i32 {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\ncount\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\ndfs(n) }\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[n]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u697c\u68af\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\\(dp[9]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[8]\\) \u548c \\(dp[7]\\) \uff0c\\(dp[8]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[7]\\) \u548c \\(dp[6]\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[7]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b50\u5b50\u5b59\u5b59\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u4e5f\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1412","title":"14.1.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>mem</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5f53\u9996\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3 <code>mem[i]</code> \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u518d\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece <code>mem[i]</code> \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u526a\u679d\u3002</li> </ol> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.java<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int[] mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1)\nreturn mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nint[] mem = new int[n + 1];\nArrays.fill(mem, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1)\nreturn mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nvector&lt;int&gt; mem(n + 1, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.py<pre><code>def dfs(i: int, mem: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 or i == 2:\nreturn i\n# \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1:\nreturn mem[i]\n# dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem)\n# \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count\nreturn count\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nmem = [-1] * (n + 1)\nreturn dfs(n, mem)\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.go<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfsMem(i int, mem []int) int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i]\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount := dfsMem(i-1, mem) + dfsMem(i-2, mem)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n int) int {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nmem := make([]int, n+1)\nfor i := range mem {\nmem[i] = -1\n}\nreturn dfsMem(n, mem)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.js<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i, mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nconst mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number, mem: number[]): number {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n: number): number {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nconst mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDFSMem}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int[] mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1)\nreturn mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nint[] mem = new int[n + 1];\nArray.Fill(mem, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int, mem: inout [Int]) -&gt; Int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i]\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i: i - 1, mem: &amp;mem) + dfs(i: i - 2, mem: &amp;mem)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nvar mem = Array(repeating: -1, count: n + 1)\nreturn dfs(i: n, mem: &amp;mem)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.zig<pre><code>// \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: []i32) i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 or i == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(i);\n}\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i];\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nvar count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFSMem(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nvar mem = [_]i32{ -1 } ** (n + 1);\nreturn dfs(n, &amp;mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, List&lt;int&gt; mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nList&lt;int&gt; mem = List.filled(n + 1, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1 { return mem[i]; }\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\ncount\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nlet mut mem = vec![-1; n + 1];\ndfs(n, &amp;mut mem)\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1413","title":"14.1.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u89e3\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u9010\u5c42\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6570\u7ec4 <code>mem</code> \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def climbing_stairs_dp(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp = [0] * (n + 1)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1], dp[2] = 1, 2\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\nreturn dp[n]\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n int) int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp := make([]int, n+1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1\ndp[2] = 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n) {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nconst dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n: number): number {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nconst dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1\ndp[2] = 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(n);\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nlet mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in 3..=n {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\ndp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570 \\(i\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u300d\uff0c\\(dp[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u300d\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u300d\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u697c\u68af\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1414","title":"14.1.4 \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u4e0e \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn n\na, b = 1, 2\nfor _ in range(3, n + 1):\na, b = b, a + b\nreturn b\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n int) int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\na, b := 1, 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\na, b = b, a+b\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n) {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\nlet a = 1,\nb = 2;\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nconst tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n: number): number {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\nlet a = 1,\nb = 2;\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nconst tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\nvar a = 1\nvar b = 2\nfor _ in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n(a, b) = (b, a + b)\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDPComp(comptime n: usize) i32 {\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(n);\n}\nvar a: i32 = 1;\nvar b: i32 = 2;\nfor (3..n + 1) |_| {\nvar tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\nlet (mut a, mut b) = (1, 2);\nfor _ in 3..=n {\nlet tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nb\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u300d\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ec5\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u964d\u7ef4\u201d\u6765\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/","title":"14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5165\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece \\(0\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u548c\u4ef7\u503c \\(val[i-1]\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u201c\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u5927\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, c]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f85\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u662f \\(dp[n, cap]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (cap+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u662f\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0 \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\] <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i - 1]\\) \u8d85\u51fa\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5f53\u65e0\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u548c\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, c]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u641c\u7d22\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7\u8d8a\u754c \\(i = 0\\) \u6216\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c \\(0\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int[] wgt, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dfs(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], i: int, c: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 or c == 0:\nreturn 0\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\nreturn knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\nyes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes)\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt, val []int, i, c int) int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\nyes := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFS}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFS}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFS}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int[] weight, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn Math.Max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], i: Int, c: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\nlet yes = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes)\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFS(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 or c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nvar no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nvar yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn @max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], i: usize, c: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\nreturn knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nlet yes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nstd::cmp::max(no, yes)\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u4e24\u6761\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\(dp[1, 10]\\) \u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u3001\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u591a\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 <code>mem</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>mem[i][c]</code> \u5bf9\u5e94 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int[] wgt, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;mem, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dfs_mem(\nwgt: list[int], val: list[int], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, c: int\n) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 or c == 0:\nreturn 0\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1:\nreturn mem[i][c]\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\nreturn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\nyes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\nreturn mem[i][c]\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val []int, mem [][]int, i, c int) int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\nyes := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFSMem}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFSMem}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFSMem}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int[] weight, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = Math.Max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, c: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\nlet yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFSMem(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, mem: anytype, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 or c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nvar no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nvar yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = @max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(\nList&lt;int&gt; wgt,\nList&lt;int&gt; val,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; mem,\nint i,\nint c,\n) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], mem: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, i: usize, c: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\nreturn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nlet yes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = std::cmp::max(no, yes);\nmem[i][c]\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u586b\u5145 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor c in range(1, cap + 1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor c := 1; c &lt;= cap; c++ {\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i-1][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDP}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDP}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDP}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = weight.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1], dp[i - 1, c]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..cap + 1) |c| {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor c in 1..=cap {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\ndp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u7531\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u5927\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373 \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt;&lt;13&gt;&lt;14&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u5c06\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u5462\uff1f\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u6216\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7b2c \\(i-1\\) \u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u904d\u5386\u5230 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, 1]\\) ~ \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u8fdb\u884c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u753b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i = 1\\) \u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u81f3\u7b2c \\(i = 2\\) \u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8bf7\u601d\u8003\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4 \\(i\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt;= 1; c--) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt;= 1; c--) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in range(cap, 0, -1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[cap]\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, cap+1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c := cap; c &gt;= 1; c-- {\nif wgt[i-1] &lt;= c {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = weight.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt; 0; c--) {\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in stride(from: cap, through: 1, by: -1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDPComp(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\nvar n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvar c = cap;\nwhile (c &gt; 0) : (c -= 1) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt; c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt;= 1; c--) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in (1..=cap).rev() {\nif wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c as i32 {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\ndp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/","title":"14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u89c4\u907f\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> <li>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u9012\u5f52\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5982\u540c\u201c\u586b\u5199\u8868\u683c\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002</li> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u6307\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5feb\u901f\u6c42\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</p> <ul> <li>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5177\u6709 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u548c\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002</li> <li>\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u91cf\u65e0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</li> <li>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5927\u201d\u4ef7\u503c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u201d\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\max()\\) \u5e94\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u5230\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II \u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4ece \\(\\min()\\) \u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898</p> <ul> <li>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3002</li> <li>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002\u5f53 \\(s[i] \\ne t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6784\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(s[i] = t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u6b63\u5e8f\u6216\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/","title":"14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6c42\u89e3\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u518d\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1451","title":"14.5.1 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6b21\u6570\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ece\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\]"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u9053\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u4ece \\(i-1\\) \u53d8\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust unbounded_knapsack.java<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.py<pre><code>def unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor c in range(1, cap + 1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.go<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor c := 1; c &lt;= cap; c++ {\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDP}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDP}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDP}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.zig<pre><code>// \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..cap + 1) |c| {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor c in 1..=cap {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u753b\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4\u5220\u9664\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust unbounded_knapsack.java<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.py<pre><code>def unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in range(1, cap + 1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[cap]\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.go<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, cap+1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor c := 1; c &lt;= cap; c++ {\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.zig<pre><code>// \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDPComp(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..cap + 1) |c| {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor c in 1..=cap {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\ndp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1452","title":"14.5.2 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e24\u9053\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, a]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, a]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt+1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u672c\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u5c06\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 \\(\\max()\\) \u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4f18\u5316\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u800c\u975e\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9009\u4e2d\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\u6267\u884c \\(+1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ul> \\[ dp[i, a] = \\min(dp[i-1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] + 1) \\] <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u51d1\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u610f \\(&gt; 0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\min()\\) \u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 \\(+ \\infty\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(+ \\infty\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b \\(+ \\infty\\) \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u578b <code>int</code> \u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(+ 1\\) \u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b57 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51d1\u51fa \\(amt\\) \u7684\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \u4e2a\u3002</p> <p>\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad \\(dp[n, amt]\\) \u662f\u5426\u7b49\u4e8e \\(amt + 1\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.py<pre><code>def coin_change_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\nMAX = amt + 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\ndp[0][a] = MAX\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\nreturn dp[n][amt] if dp[n][amt] != MAX else -1\n</code></pre> coin_change.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\nmax := amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\ndp[0][a] = max\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i-1][a]), float64(dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[n][amt] != max {\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0, a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i, a] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, amt] != MAX ? dp[n, amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\nlet MAX = amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\ncomptime var max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\ndp[0][a] = max;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = @min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif (dp[n][amt] != max) {\nreturn @intCast(dp[n][amt]);\n} else {\nreturn -1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\nlet max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a in 1..= amt {\ndp[0][a] = max;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = std::cmp::min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[n][amt] != max { return dp[n][amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt;&lt;13&gt;&lt;14&gt;&lt;15&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u4e00\u81f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\nArrays.fill(dp, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(amt + 1, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.py<pre><code>def coin_change_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\nMAX = amt + 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [MAX] * (amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 0\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\nreturn dp[amt] if dp[amt] != MAX else -1\n</code></pre> coin_change.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\nmax := amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, amt+1)\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= amt; i++ {\ndp[i] = max\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[a]), float64(dp[a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[amt] != max {\nreturn dp[amt]\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\nArray.Fill(dp, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = Math.Min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\nlet MAX = amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: MAX, count: amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 0\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\ncomptime var max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\n@memset(&amp;dp, max);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = @min(dp[a], dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif (dp[amt] != max) {\nreturn @intCast(dp[amt]);\n} else {\nreturn -1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(amt + 1, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp_comp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\nlet max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\ndp.fill(max);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = std::cmp::min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[amt] != max { return dp[amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1453-ii","title":"14.5.3 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u800c \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt + 1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u4e0e\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, a] = dp[i-1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] \\] <p>\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u5e01\u5373\u53ef\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u3002\u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55 \\(&gt;0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.py<pre><code>def coin_change_ii_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i in range(n + 1):\ndp[i][0] = 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i][0] = 1\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a] + dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i, 0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 0, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][0] = 1\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (0..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i in 0..= n {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n}\n}\n}\ndp[n][amt]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u786c\u5e01\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(amt + 1, 0);\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.py<pre><code>def coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * (amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\nreturn dp[amt]\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, amt+1)\ndp[0] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a-coins[i-1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(amt + 1, 0);\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n}\n}\n}\ndp[amt]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/","title":"\u7b2c 9 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5728\u751f\u547d\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u65e0\u6570\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u76f8\u8bc6\u4e0e\u76f8\u79bb\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5370\u8bb0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe</li> <li>9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c</li> <li>9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386</li> <li>9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/","title":"9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"<p>\u300c\u56fe graph\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u300c\u9876\u70b9 vertex\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe \\(G\\) \u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9 \\(V\\) \u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9 \\(E\\) \u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 5 \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c 7 \u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} V &amp; = \\{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \\} \\newline E &amp; = \\{ (1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (4,5) \\} \\newline G &amp; = \\{ V, E \\} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u56fe\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u9876\u70b9\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u628a\u8fb9\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5c06\u56fe\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u62d3\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#911","title":"9.1.1 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u8fb9\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u65e0\u5411\u56fe undirected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6709\u5411\u56fe directed graph\u300d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u4fe1\u6216 QQ \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u5373 \\(A \\rightarrow B\\) \u548c \\(A \\leftarrow B\\) \u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u535a\u6216\u6296\u97f3\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe </p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe connected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe disconnected graph\u300d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u5176\u4f59\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e0e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u6743\u91cd\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u300c\u6709\u6743\u56fe weighted graph\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u738b\u8005\u8363\u8000\u7b49\u624b\u6e38\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u73a9\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u6743\u56fe </p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#912","title":"9.1.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed","text":"<ul> <li>\u300c\u90bb\u63a5 adjacency\u300d\uff1a\u5f53\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 1 \u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u4e3a\u9876\u70b9 2\u30013\u30015\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u8def\u5f84 path\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u70b9 A \u5230\u9876\u70b9 B \u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece A \u5230 B \u7684\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217 1-5-2-4 \u662f\u9876\u70b9 1 \u5230\u9876\u70b9 4 \u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u300c\u5165\u5ea6 In-Degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u5ea6 Out-Degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u4ece\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6307\u51fa\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#913","title":"9.1.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a","text":"<p>\u56fe\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjacency matrix\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bbe\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3a \\(M\\) \u3001\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e3a \\(V\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20 \\(M[i, j] = 1\\) \u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[i]\\) \u5230\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[j]\\) \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b \\(M[i, j] = 0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ece \\(1\\) , \\(0\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868","text":"<p>\u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 adjacency list\u300d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u6761\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff09\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u8fb9\u7684\u603b\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e \\(n^2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u5982\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#914","title":"9.1.4 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f85\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fe </p> \u9876\u70b9 \u8fb9 \u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc \u7528\u6237 \u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb \u6f5c\u5728\u597d\u53cb\u63a8\u8350 \u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def \u7ad9\u70b9 \u7ad9\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027 \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u7ebf\u63a8\u8350 \u592a\u9633\u7cfb \u661f\u4f53 \u661f\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u4f5c\u7528 \u884c\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/","title":"9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u56fe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#921","title":"9.2.1 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002</li> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u586b \\(0\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u5f53\u5220\u9664\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06 \\((n-1)^2\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u5411\u5de6\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u4f20\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 <code>vertices</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 <code>adjMat</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_adjacency_matrix.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; vertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\nthis.vertices = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nthis.adjMat = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (int val : vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int[] e : edges) {\naddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn vertices.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.add(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nList&lt;Integer&gt; newRow = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(n);\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.add(0);\n}\nadjMat.add(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (List&lt;Integer&gt; row : adjMat) {\nrow.add(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (List&lt;Integer&gt; row : adjMat) {\nrow.remove(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat.get(i).set(j, 1);\nadjMat.get(j).set(i, 1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nadjMat.get(i).set(j, 0);\nadjMat.get(j).set(i, 0);\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\npublic void print() {\nSystem.out.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\nSystem.out.println(vertices);\nSystem.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\nPrintUtil.printMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nvector&lt;int&gt; vertices;       // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjMat(const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;vertices, const vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;edges) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (int val : vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;edge : edges) {\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() const {\nreturn vertices.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.push_back(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nadjMat.emplace_back(vector&lt;int&gt;(n, 0));\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;row : adjMat) {\nrow.push_back(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size()) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.erase(vertices.begin() + index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.erase(adjMat.begin() + index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;row : adjMat) {\nrow.erase(row.begin() + index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1;\nadjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n}\nadjMat[i][j] = 0;\nadjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid print() {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \";\nprintVector(vertices);\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nprintVectorMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n};\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.py<pre><code>class GraphAdjMat:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\n# \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvertices: list[int] = []\n# \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadj_mat: list[list[int]] = []\ndef __init__(self, vertices: list[int], edges: list[list[int]]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.vertices: list[int] = []\nself.adj_mat: list[list[int]] = []\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor val in vertices:\nself.add_vertex(val)\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n# \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor e in edges:\nself.add_edge(e[0], e[1])\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.vertices)\ndef add_vertex(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nn = self.size()\n# \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nself.vertices.append(val)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nnew_row = [0] * n\nself.adj_mat.append(new_row)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor row in self.adj_mat:\nrow.append(0)\ndef remove_vertex(self, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nif index &gt;= self.size():\nraise IndexError()\n# \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nself.vertices.pop(index)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nself.adj_mat.pop(index)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor row in self.adj_mat:\nrow.pop(index)\ndef add_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\n# \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0 or i &gt;= self.size() or j &gt;= self.size() or i == j:\nraise IndexError()\n# \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 1\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 1\ndef remove_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\n# \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0 or i &gt;= self.size() or j &gt;= self.size() or i == j:\nraise IndexError()\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 0\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 0\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\"\"\"\nprint(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 =\", self.vertices)\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\nprint_matrix(self.adj_mat)\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjMat struct {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvertices []int\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadjMat [][]int\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjMat(vertices []int, edges [][]int) *graphAdjMat {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nn := len(vertices)\nadjMat := make([][]int, n)\nfor i := range adjMat {\nadjMat[i] = make([]int, n)\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u56fe\ng := &amp;graphAdjMat{\nvertices: vertices,\nadjMat:   adjMat,\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i := range edges {\ng.addEdge(edges[i][0], edges[i][1])\n}\nreturn g\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) size() int {\nreturn len(g.vertices)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addVertex(val int) {\nn := g.size()\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\ng.vertices = append(g.vertices, val)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nnewRow := make([]int, n)\ng.adjMat = append(g.adjMat, newRow)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor i := range g.adjMat {\ng.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i], 0)\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeVertex(index int) {\nif index &gt;= g.size() {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\ng.vertices = append(g.vertices[:index], g.vertices[index+1:]...)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\ng.adjMat = append(g.adjMat[:index], g.adjMat[index+1:]...)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor i := range g.adjMat {\ng.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i][:index], g.adjMat[i][index+1:]...)\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addEdge(i, j int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= g.size() || j &gt;= g.size() || i == j {\nfmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\ng.adjMat[i][j] = 1\ng.adjMat[j][i] = 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeEdge(i, j int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= g.size() || j &gt;= g.size() || i == j {\nfmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n}\ng.adjMat[i][j] = 0\ng.adjMat[j][i] = 0\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) print() {\nfmt.Printf(\"\\t\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = %v\\n\", g.vertices)\nfmt.Printf(\"\\t\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \\n\")\nfor i := range g.adjMat {\nfmt.Printf(\"\\t\\t\\t%v\\n\", g.adjMat[i])\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nvertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nconstructor(vertices, edges) {\nthis.vertices = [];\nthis.adjMat = [];\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const val of vertices) {\nthis.addVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (const e of edges) {\nthis.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize() {\nreturn this.vertices.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(val) {\nconst n = this.size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nthis.vertices.push(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nconst newRow = [];\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.push(0);\n}\nthis.adjMat.push(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.push(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(index) {\nif (index &gt;= this.size()) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nthis.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nthis.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\naddEdge(i, j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nremoveEdge(i, j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nprint() {\nconsole.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nvertices: number[]; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadjMat: number[][]; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nconstructor(vertices: number[], edges: number[][]) {\nthis.vertices = [];\nthis.adjMat = [];\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const val of vertices) {\nthis.addVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (const e of edges) {\nthis.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.vertices.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(val: number): void {\nconst n: number = this.size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nthis.vertices.push(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nconst newRow: number[] = [];\nfor (let j: number = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.push(0);\n}\nthis.adjMat.push(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.push(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(index: number): void {\nif (index &gt;= this.size()) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nthis.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nthis.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\naddEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nremoveEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nprint(): void {\nconsole.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784 */\nstruct graphAdjMat {\nint *vertices;         // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\nunsigned int **adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nunsigned int size;     // \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nunsigned int capacity; // \u56fe\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct graphAdjMat graphAdjMat;\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size || i == j) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = 1;\nt-&gt;adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size || i == j) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = 0;\nt-&gt;adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(graphAdjMat *t, int val) {\n// \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u9884\u8bbe\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\nif (t-&gt;size &lt; t-&gt;capacity) {\nt-&gt;vertices[t-&gt;size] = val; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u503c\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][t-&gt;size] = 0; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u65b0\u5217\u9635\u7f6e0\n}\nmemset(t-&gt;adjMat[t-&gt;size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size + 1)); // \u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u884c\u7f6e 0\nt-&gt;size++;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u7ec4\nint *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (t-&gt;size * 2));\nmemcpy(temp, t-&gt;vertices, sizeof(int) * t-&gt;size);\ntemp[t-&gt;size] = val;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\nfree(t-&gt;vertices);\nt-&gt;vertices = temp;\n// \u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\nunsigned int **tempMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * t-&gt;size * 2);\nunsigned int *tempMatLine = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size * 2) * (t-&gt;size * 2));\nmemset(tempMatLine, 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size * 2) * (t-&gt;size * 2));\nfor (int k = 0; k &lt; t-&gt;size * 2; k++) {\ntempMat[k] = tempMatLine + k * (t-&gt;size * 2);\n}\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nmemcpy(tempMat[i], t-&gt;adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * t-&gt;size); // \u539f\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n}\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\ntempMat[i][t-&gt;size] = 0; // \u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u5217\u7f6e 0\n}\nmemset(tempMat[t-&gt;size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size + 1)); // \u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u884c\u7f6e 0\n// \u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\nfree(t-&gt;adjMat[0]);\nfree(t-&gt;adjMat);\n// \u6269\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u5730\u5740\nt-&gt;adjMat = tempMat;  // \u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5730\u5740\nt-&gt;capacity = t-&gt;size * 2;\nt-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(graphAdjMat *t, unsigned int index) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; i++) {\nt-&gt;vertices[i] = t-&gt;vertices[i + 1]; // \u6e05\u9664\u5220\u9664\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u540e\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u524d\u79fb\n}\nt-&gt;vertices[t-&gt;size - 1] = 0; // \u5c06\u88ab\u524d\u79fb\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7f6e 0\n// \u6e05\u9664\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; i++) {\nif (i &lt; index) {\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; j++) {\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = t-&gt;adjMat[i][j + 1]; // \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5217\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u524d\u79fb\n}\n} else { memcpy(t-&gt;adjMat[i], t-&gt;adjMat[i + 1], sizeof(unsigned int) * t-&gt;size); // \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e0a\u79fb\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; t-&gt;size; j++) {\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = t-&gt;adjMat[i][j + 1]; // \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5217\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u524d\u79fb\n}\n}\n}\nt-&gt;size--;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u9876\u70b9\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printGraph(graphAdjMat *t) {\nif (t-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"graph is empty\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\nprintf(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = [\");\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nif (i != t-&gt;size - 1) {\nprintf(\"%d, \", t-&gt;vertices[i]);\n} else {\nprintf(\"%d\", t-&gt;vertices[i]);\n}\n}\nprintf(\"]\\n\");\nprintf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\\n[\\n\");\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nprintf(\"  [\");\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; t-&gt;size; j++) {\nif (j != t-&gt;size - 1) {\nprintf(\"%u, \", t-&gt;adjMat[i][j]);\n} else {\nprintf(\"%u\", t-&gt;adjMat[i][j]);\n}\n}\nprintf(\"],\\n\");\n}\nprintf(\"]\\n\");\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\ngraphAdjMat *newGraphAjdMat(unsigned int numberVertices, int *vertices, unsigned int **adjMat) {\n// \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\ngraphAdjMat *newGraph = (graphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjMat));                                          // \u4e3a\u56fe\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;vertices = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2);                                        // \u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;adjMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * numberVertices * 2);                     // \u4e3a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5206\u914d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5185\u5b58\nunsigned int *temp = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices * 2 * numberVertices * 2); // \u4e3a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u7ef4\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;size = numberVertices;                                                                             // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nnewGraph-&gt;capacity = numberVertices * 2;                                                                     // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u56fe\u5bb9\u91cf\n// \u914d\u7f6e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numberVertices * 2; i++) {\nnewGraph-&gt;adjMat[i] = temp + i * numberVertices * 2; // \u5c06\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\n}\n// \u8d4b\u503c\nmemcpy(newGraph-&gt;vertices, vertices, sizeof(int) * numberVertices);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numberVertices; i++) {\nmemcpy(newGraph-&gt;adjMat[i], adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices); // \u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5185\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6307\u9488\nreturn newGraph;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nList&lt;int&gt; vertices;     // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\npublic GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\nthis.vertices = new List&lt;int&gt;();\nthis.adjMat = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nforeach (int val in vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nforeach (int[] e in edges) {\naddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn vertices.Count;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.Add(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nList&lt;int&gt; newRow = new List&lt;int&gt;(n);\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.Add(0);\n}\nadjMat.Add(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nforeach (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.Add(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size())\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.RemoveAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.RemoveAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nforeach (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.RemoveAt(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1;\nadjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\nadjMat[i][j] = 0;\nadjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\npublic void print() {\nConsole.Write(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\nPrintUtil.PrintList(vertices);\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\nPrintUtil.PrintMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nprivate var vertices: [Int] // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nprivate var adjMat: [[Int]] // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit(vertices: [Int], edges: [[Int]]) {\nself.vertices = []\nadjMat = []\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor val in vertices {\naddVertex(val: val)\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor e in edges {\naddEdge(i: e[0], j: e[1])\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nvertices.count\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc addVertex(val: Int) {\nlet n = size()\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.append(val)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nlet newRow = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\nadjMat.append(newRow)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor i in adjMat.indices {\nadjMat[i].append(0)\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc removeVertex(index: Int) {\nif index &gt;= size() {\nfatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.remove(at: index)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.remove(at: index)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor i in adjMat.indices {\nadjMat[i].remove(at: index)\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc addEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j {\nfatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1\nadjMat[j][i] = 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc removeEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j {\nfatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nadjMat[i][j] = 0\nadjMat[j][i] = 0\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nfunc print() {\nSwift.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \", terminator: \"\")\nSwift.print(vertices)\nSwift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\nPrintUtil.printMatrix(matrix: adjMat)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nList&lt;int&gt; vertices = []; // \u9876\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; adjMat = []; //\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjMat(List&lt;int&gt; vertices, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; edges) {\nthis.vertices = [];\nthis.adjMat = [];\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (int val in vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (List&lt;int&gt; e in edges) {\naddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn vertices.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.add(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nList&lt;int&gt; newRow = List.filled(n, 0, growable: true);\nadjMat.add(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.add(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size()) {\nthrow IndexError;\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.removeAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.removeAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.removeAt(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow IndexError;\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1;\nadjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow IndexError;\n}\nadjMat[i][j] = 0;\nadjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printAdjMat() {\nprint(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = $vertices\");\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \");\nprintMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjMat {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\npub vertices: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\npub adj_mat: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl GraphAdjMat {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(vertices: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, edges: Vec&lt;[usize; 2]&gt;) -&gt; Self {\nlet mut graph = GraphAdjMat {\nvertices: vec![],\nadj_mat: vec![],\n};\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor val in vertices {\ngraph.add_vertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor edge in edges {\ngraph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\n}\ngraph\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.vertices.len()\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npub fn add_vertex(&amp;mut self, val: i32) {\nlet n = self.size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nself.vertices.push(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nself.adj_mat.push(vec![0; n]);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor row in &amp;mut self.adj_mat {\nrow.push(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npub fn remove_vertex(&amp;mut self, index: usize) {\nif index &gt;= self.size() {\npanic!(\"index error\")\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nself.vertices.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nself.adj_mat.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor row in &amp;mut self.adj_mat {\nrow.remove(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npub fn add_edge(&amp;mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &gt;= self.size() || j &gt;= self.size() || i == j {\npanic!(\"index error\")\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 1;\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npub fn remove_edge(&amp;mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &gt;= self.size() || j &gt;= self.size() || i == j {\npanic!(\"index error\")\n}\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 0;\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\npub fn print(&amp;self) {\nprintln!(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = {:?}\", self.vertices);\nprintln!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\nprintln!(\"[\");\nfor row in &amp;self.adj_mat {\nprintln!(\"  {:?},\", row);\n}\nprintln!(\"]\")\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#922","title":"9.2.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3001\u8fb9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002</li> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u9876\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(2m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>Vertex</code> \u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u8fc7\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u503c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u533a\u5206\u3002</li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d \\(&gt; i\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5168\u90e8\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u9876\u70b9\u7c7b <code>Vertex</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u6539\u52a8\u5176\u4f59\u9876\u70b9\u4e86\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_adjacency_list.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nMap&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; adjList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\nthis.adjList = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (Vertex[] edge : edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn adjList.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npublic void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new IllegalArgumentException();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList.get(vet1).add(vet2);\nadjList.get(vet2).add(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\npublic void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new IllegalArgumentException();\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList.get(vet1).remove(vet2);\nadjList.get(vet2).remove(vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (adjList.containsKey(vet))\nreturn;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.put(vet, new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet))\nthrow new IllegalArgumentException();\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.remove(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (List&lt;Vertex&gt; list : adjList.values()) {\nlist.remove(vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nfor (Map.Entry&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; pair : adjList.entrySet()) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; tmp = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Vertex vertex : pair.getValue())\ntmp.add(vertex.val);\nSystem.out.println(pair.getKey().val + \": \" + tmp + \",\");\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\npublic:\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nunordered_map&lt;Vertex *, vector&lt;Vertex *&gt;&gt; adjList;\n/* \u5728 vector \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(vector&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;vec, Vertex *vet) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; vec.size(); i++) {\nif (vec[i] == vet) {\nvec.erase(vec.begin() + i);\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjList(const vector&lt;vector&lt;Vertex *&gt;&gt; &amp;edges) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (const vector&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;edge : edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn adjList.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\nif (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1].push_back(vet2);\nadjList[vet2].push_back(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\nif (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nremove(adjList[vet1], vet2);\nremove(adjList[vet2], vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(Vertex *vet) {\nif (adjList.count(vet))\nreturn;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList[vet] = vector&lt;Vertex *&gt;();\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(Vertex *vet) {\nif (!adjList.count(vet))\nthrow invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.erase(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (auto &amp;adj : adjList) {\nremove(adj.second, vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nfor (auto &amp;adj : adjList) {\nconst auto &amp;key = adj.first;\nconst auto &amp;vec = adj.second;\ncout &lt;&lt; key-&gt;val &lt;&lt; \": \";\nprintVector(vetsToVals(vec));\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.py<pre><code>class GraphAdjList:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, edges: list[list[Vertex]]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n# \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nself.adj_list = dict[Vertex, Vertex]()\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor edge in edges:\nself.add_vertex(edge[0])\nself.add_vertex(edge[1])\nself.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.adj_list)\ndef add_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\nif vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\nraise ValueError()\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list[vet1].append(vet2)\nself.adj_list[vet2].append(vet1)\ndef remove_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\nif vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\nraise ValueError()\n# \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list[vet1].remove(vet2)\nself.adj_list[vet2].remove(vet1)\ndef add_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nif vet in self.adj_list:\nreturn\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list[vet] = []\ndef remove_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nif vet not in self.adj_list:\nraise ValueError()\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list.pop(vet)\n# \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor vertex in self.adj_list:\nif vet in self.adj_list[vertex]:\nself.adj_list[vertex].remove(vet)\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\"\"\"\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\nfor vertex in self.adj_list:\ntmp = [v.val for v in self.adj_list[vertex]]\nprint(f\"{vertex.val}: {tmp},\")\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjList struct {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nadjList map[Vertex][]Vertex\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjList(edges [][]Vertex) *graphAdjList {\ng := &amp;graphAdjList{\nadjList: make(map[Vertex][]Vertex),\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor _, edge := range edges {\ng.addVertex(edge[0])\ng.addVertex(edge[1])\ng.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1])\n}\nreturn g\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) size() int {\nreturn len(g.adjList)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\nif !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\npanic(\"error\")\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2, \u6dfb\u52a0\u533f\u540d struct{},\ng.adjList[vet1] = append(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\ng.adjList[vet2] = append(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\nif !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\npanic(\"error\")\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\ng.adjList[vet1] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\ng.adjList[vet2] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet Vertex) {\n_, ok := g.adjList[vet]\nif ok {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\ng.adjList[vet] = make([]Vertex, 0)\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet Vertex) {\n_, ok := g.adjList[vet]\nif !ok {\npanic(\"error\")\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\ndelete(g.adjList, vet)\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor v, list := range g.adjList {\ng.adjList[v] = DeleteSliceElms(list, vet)\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) print() {\nvar builder strings.Builder\nfmt.Printf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 = \\n\")\nfor k, v := range g.adjList {\nbuilder.WriteString(\"\\t\\t\" + strconv.Itoa(k.Val) + \": \")\nfor _, vet := range v {\nbuilder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.Val) + \" \")\n}\nfmt.Println(builder.String())\nbuilder.Reset()\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nadjList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(edges) {\nthis.adjList = new Map();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (const edge of edges) {\nthis.addVertex(edge[0]);\nthis.addVertex(edge[1]);\nthis.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize() {\nreturn this.adjList.size;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\naddEdge(vet1, vet2) {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nremoveEdge(vet1, vet2) {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(vet) {\nif (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.set(vet, []);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(vet) {\nif (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.delete(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\nconst index = set.indexOf(vet);\nif (index &gt; -1) {\nset.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nprint() {\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\nfor (const [key, value] of this.adjList) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (const vertex of value) {\ntmp.push(vertex.val);\n}\nconsole.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nadjList: Map&lt;Vertex, Vertex[]&gt;;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(edges: Vertex[][]) {\nthis.adjList = new Map();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (const edge of edges) {\nthis.addVertex(edge[0]);\nthis.addVertex(edge[1]);\nthis.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.adjList.size;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\naddEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nremoveEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\nif (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.set(vet, []);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\nif (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.delete(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\nconst index: number = set.indexOf(vet);\nif (index &gt; -1) {\nset.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nprint(): void {\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\nfor (const [key, value] of this.adjList.entries()) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (const vertex of value) {\ntmp.push(vertex.val);\n}\nconsole.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784 */\nstruct graphAdjList {\nVertex **verticesList; // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\nunsigned int size;     // \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nunsigned int capacity; // \u9876\u70b9\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct graphAdjList graphAdjList;\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i == j || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6b32\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u7684\u9876\u70b9 vet1 - vet2\nVertex *vet1 = t-&gt;verticesList[i];\nVertex *vet2 = t-&gt;verticesList[j];\n// \u8fde\u63a5\u9876\u70b9 vet1 - vet2\npushBack(vet1-&gt;linked, vet2);\npushBack(vet2-&gt;linked, vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i == j || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6b32\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u7684\u9876\u70b9 vet1 - vet2\nVertex *vet1 = t-&gt;verticesList[i];\nVertex *vet2 = t-&gt;verticesList[j];\n// \u79fb\u9664\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nremoveLink(vet1-&gt;linked, vet2);\nremoveLink(vet2-&gt;linked, vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(graphAdjList *t, int val) {\n// \u82e5\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u6269\u5bb9\nif (t-&gt;size &gt;= t-&gt;capacity) {\nVertex **tempList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * 2 * t-&gt;capacity);\nmemcpy(tempList, t-&gt;verticesList, sizeof(Vertex *) * t-&gt;size);\nfree(t-&gt;verticesList);         // \u91ca\u653e\u539f\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5185\u5b58\nt-&gt;verticesList = tempList;    // \u6307\u5411\u65b0\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\nt-&gt;capacity = t-&gt;capacity * 2; // \u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5927\u81f32\u500d\n}\n// \u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u5165\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\nVertex *newV = newVertex(val);    // \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\nnewV-&gt;pos = t-&gt;size;              // \u4e3a\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6807\nnewV-&gt;linked = newLinklist(newV); // \u4e3a\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u8868\nt-&gt;verticesList[t-&gt;size] = newV;  // \u5c06\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\nt-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(graphAdjList *t, unsigned int index) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\nVertex *vet = t-&gt;verticesList[index]; // \u67e5\u627e\u5f85\u5220\u8282\u70b9\nif (vet == 0) {                       // \u82e5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nprintf(\"index is:%d\\n\", index);\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u7ed3\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\nNode *temp = vet-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nwhile (temp != 0) {\nremoveLink(temp-&gt;val-&gt;linked, vet); // \u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fb9\ntemp = temp-&gt;next;                }\n// \u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u524d\u79fb\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; i++) {\nt-&gt;verticesList[i] = t-&gt;verticesList[i + 1]; // \u9876\u70b9\u524d\u79fb\nt-&gt;verticesList[i]-&gt;pos--;                   // \u6240\u6709\u524d\u79fb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u51cf1\n}\nt-&gt;verticesList[t-&gt;size - 1] = 0; // \u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7f6e 0\nt-&gt;size--;\n//\u91ca\u653e\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\nfreeVertex(vet);\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u9876\u70b9\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printGraph(graphAdjList *t) {\nprintf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868  =\\n\");\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nNode *n = t-&gt;verticesList[i]-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nprintf(\"%d: [\", t-&gt;verticesList[i]-&gt;val);\nwhile (n != 0) {\nif (n-&gt;next != 0) {\nprintf(\"%d, \", n-&gt;val-&gt;val);\n} else {\nprintf(\"%d\", n-&gt;val-&gt;val);\n}\nn = n-&gt;next;\n}\nprintf(\"]\\n\");\n}\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\ngraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList(unsigned int verticesCapacity) {\n// \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\ngraphAdjList *newGraph = (graphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjList));\n// \u5efa\u7acb\u9876\u70b9\u8868\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;verticesList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // \u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nmemset(newGraph-&gt;verticesList, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity);          // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u7f6e 0\nnewGraph-&gt;size = 0;                                                              // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nnewGraph-&gt;capacity = verticesCapacity;                                           // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9876\u70b9\u5bb9\u91cf\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u56fe\u6307\u9488\nreturn newGraph;                }\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\npublic Dictionary&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; adjList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\npublic GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\nthis.adjList = new Dictionary&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nforeach (Vertex[] edge in edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn adjList.Count;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npublic void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1].Add(vet2);\nadjList[vet2].Add(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\npublic void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1].Remove(vet2);\nadjList[vet2].Remove(vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\nreturn;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.Add(vet, new List&lt;Vertex&gt;());\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.Remove(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nforeach (List&lt;Vertex&gt; list in adjList.Values) {\nlist.Remove(vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nforeach (KeyValuePair&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; pair in adjList) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = new List&lt;int&gt;();\nforeach (Vertex vertex in pair.Value)\ntmp.Add(vertex.val);\nConsole.WriteLine(pair.Key.val + \": [\" + string.Join(\", \", tmp) + \"],\");\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\npublic private(set) var adjList: [Vertex: [Vertex]]\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic init(edges: [[Vertex]]) {\nadjList = [:]\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor edge in edges {\naddVertex(vet: edge[0])\naddVertex(vet: edge[1])\naddEdge(vet1: edge[0], vet2: edge[1])\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic func size() -&gt; Int {\nadjList.count\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npublic func addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\nfatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]?.append(vet2)\nadjList[vet2]?.append(vet1)\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\npublic func removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\nfatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet2 })\nadjList[vet2]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet1 })\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic func addVertex(vet: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet] != nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList[vet] = []\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic func removeVertex(vet: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet] == nil {\nfatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.removeValue(forKey: vet)\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor key in adjList.keys {\nadjList[key]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet })\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npublic func print() {\nSwift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\nfor pair in adjList {\nvar tmp: [Int] = []\nfor vertex in pair.value {\ntmp.append(vertex.val)\n}\nSwift.print(\"\\(pair.key.val): \\(tmp),\")\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.zig<pre><code>[class]{GraphAdjList}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nMap&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; adjList = {};\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjList(List&lt;List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; edges) {\nfor (List&lt;Vertex&gt; edge in edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn adjList.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n!adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\nvet1 == vet2) {\nthrow ArgumentError;\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]!.add(vet2);\nadjList[vet2]!.add(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n!adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\nvet1 == vet2) {\nthrow ArgumentError;\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]!.remove(vet2);\nadjList[vet2]!.remove(vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (adjList.containsKey(vet)) return;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList[vet] = [];\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet)) {\nthrow ArgumentError;\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.remove(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nadjList.forEach((key, value) {\nvalue.remove(vet);\n});\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nvoid printAdjList() {\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nadjList.forEach((key, value) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = [];\nfor (Vertex vertex in value) {\ntmp.add(vertex.val);\n}\nprint(\"${key.val}: $tmp,\");\n});\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\npub adj_list: HashMap&lt;Vertex, Vec&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl GraphAdjList {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(edges: Vec&lt;[Vertex; 2]&gt;) -&gt; Self {\nlet mut graph = GraphAdjList {\nadj_list: HashMap::new(),\n};\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor edge in edges {\ngraph.add_vertex(edge[0]);\ngraph.add_vertex(edge[1]);\ngraph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\ngraph\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n#[allow(unused)]\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.adj_list.len()\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npub fn add_edge(&amp;mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n{\npanic!(\"value error\");\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list.get_mut(&amp;vet1).unwrap().push(vet2);\nself.adj_list.get_mut(&amp;vet2).unwrap().push(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n#[allow(unused)]\npub fn remove_edge(&amp;mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n{\npanic!(\"value error\");\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list\n.get_mut(&amp;vet1)\n.unwrap()\n.retain(|&amp;vet| vet != vet2);\nself.adj_list\n.get_mut(&amp;vet2)\n.unwrap()\n.retain(|&amp;vet| vet != vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npub fn add_vertex(&amp;mut self, vet: Vertex) {\nif self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list.insert(vet, vec![]);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n#[allow(unused)]\npub fn remove_vertex(&amp;mut self, vet: Vertex) {\nif !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet) {\npanic!(\"value error\");\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list.remove(&amp;vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor list in self.adj_list.values_mut() {\nlist.retain(|&amp;v| v != vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npub fn print(&amp;self) {\nprintln!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nfor (vertex, list) in &amp;self.adj_list {\nlet list = list.iter().map(|vertex| vertex.val).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;();\nprintln!(\"{}: {:?},\", vertex.val, list);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#923","title":"9.2.3 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u56fe\u4e2d\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e0b\u8868\u4e3a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u90bb\u63a5 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u8868\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fb9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/","title":"9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u56fe\u4e0e\u6811\u7684\u5173\u7cfb</p> <p>\u6811\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u5219\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u201c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6811\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u65f6\u878d\u4f1a\u8d2f\u901a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u6811\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 breadth-first search\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 depth-first search\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 BFS \u548c DFS \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#931","title":"9.3.1 \u00a0 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>BFS \u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u961f\u5217\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e BFS \u7684\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u9876\u70b9 <code>startVet</code> \u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u5faa\u73af\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f39\u51fa\u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u961f\u5217\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u904d\u5386\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u54ea\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_bfs.java<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;&gt;();\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nQueue&lt;Vertex&gt; que = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\nque.offer(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (!que.isEmpty()) {\nVertex vet = que.poll(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.add(vet);            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet))\ncontinue;        // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nque.offer(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList &amp;graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; res;\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nunordered_set&lt;Vertex *&gt; visited = {startVet};\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nqueue&lt;Vertex *&gt; que;\nque.push(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (!que.empty()) {\nVertex *vet = que.front();\nque.pop();          // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push_back(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (auto adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.count(adjVet))\ncontinue;            // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nque.push(adjVet);        // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.emplace(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.py<pre><code>def graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; list[Vertex]:\n\"\"\"\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS\"\"\"\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n# \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres = []\n# \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited = set[Vertex]([start_vet])\n# \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nque = deque[Vertex]([start_vet])\n# \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile len(que) &gt; 0:\nvet = que.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n# \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\nif adj_vet in visited:\ncontinue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nque.append(adj_vet)  # \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adj_vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.go<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres := make([]Vertex, 0)\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\nvisited[startVet] = struct{}{}\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS, \u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u62df\u961f\u5217\nqueue := make([]Vertex, 0)\nqueue = append(queue, startVet)\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nfor len(queue) &gt; 0 {\n// \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nvet := queue[0]\nqueue = queue[1:]\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nres = append(res, vet)\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n_, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n// \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nif !isExist {\nqueue = append(queue, adjVet)\nvisited[adjVet] = struct{}{}\n}\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.js<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph, startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited = new Set();\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nconst que = [startVet];\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.length) {\nconst vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res: Vertex[] = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = new Set();\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nconst que = [startVet];\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.length) {\nconst vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.c<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nVertex **graphBFS(graphAdjList *t, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nVertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * t-&gt;size);\nmemset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * t-&gt;size);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nqueue *que = newQueue(t-&gt;size);\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nhashTable *visited = newHash(t-&gt;size);\nint resIndex = 0;\nqueuePush(que, startVet);         // \u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\nhashMark(visited, startVet-&gt;pos); // \u6807\u8bb0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5165\u961f\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que-&gt;head &lt; que-&gt;tail) {\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u8fb9\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u672a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nNode *n = queueTop(que)-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nwhile (n != 0) {\n// \u67e5\u8be2\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u82e5\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u5165\u961f\uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5165\u961f\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\nif (hashQuery(visited, n-&gt;val-&gt;pos) == 1) {\nn = n-&gt;next;\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nqueuePush(que, n-&gt;val);         // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nhashMark(visited, n-&gt;val-&gt;pos); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\nres[resIndex] = queueTop(que); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nresIndex++;\nqueuePop(que); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfreeQueue(que);\nfreeHash(visited);\nresIndex = 0;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new List&lt;Vertex&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nHashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt;() { startVet };\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nQueue&lt;Vertex&gt; que = new Queue&lt;Vertex&gt;();\nque.Enqueue(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.Count &gt; 0) {\nVertex vet = que.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.Add(vet);               // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nforeach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue;          // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.Enqueue(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.Add(adjVet);   // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -&gt; [Vertex] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar res: [Vertex] = []\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvar visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = [startVet]\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nvar que: [Vertex] = [startVet]\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile !que.isEmpty {\nlet vet = que.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\nif visited.contains(adjVet) {\ncontinue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.append(adjVet) // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(adjVet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{graphBFS}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = {};\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nQueue&lt;Vertex&gt; que = Queue();\nque.add(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.isNotEmpty) {\nVertex vet = que.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.add(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vertex&gt; {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nlet mut res = vec![];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nlet mut visited = HashSet::new();\nvisited.insert(start_vet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nlet mut que = VecDeque::new();\nque.push_back(start_vet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile !que.is_empty() {\nlet vet = que.pop_front().unwrap(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nif let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&amp;vet) {\nfor &amp;adj_vet in adj_vets {\nif visited.contains(&amp;adj_vet) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.push_back(adj_vet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(adj_vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u793a\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6309\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 \\(1\\) , \\(3\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u9876\u70b9 \\(2\\) , \\(4\\) , \\(6\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u4ea4\u6362\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u5165\u961f\u5e76\u51fa\u961f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5728\u904d\u5386\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \uff0c\u961f\u5217 <code>que</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#932","title":"9.3.2 \u00a0 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u518d\u56de\u5934\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934 + \u56de\u6eaf\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e BFS \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728 DFS \u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_dfs.java<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList graph, Set&lt;Vertex&gt; visited, List&lt;Vertex&gt; res, Vertex vet) {\nres.add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet))\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList &amp;graph, unordered_set&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;visited, vector&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;res, Vertex *vet) {\nres.push_back(vet);   // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.emplace(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex *adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.count(adjVet))\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList &amp;graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; res;\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nunordered_set&lt;Vertex *&gt; visited;\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.py<pre><code>def dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: set[Vertex], res: list[Vertex], vet: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nres.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n# \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adjVet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\nif adjVet in visited:\ncontinue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n# \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet)\ndef graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; list[Vertex]:\n\"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS\"\"\"\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n# \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres = []\n# \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited = set[Vertex]()\ndfs(graph, visited, res, start_vet)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.go<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(g *graphAdjList, visited map[Vertex]struct{}, res *[]Vertex, vet Vertex) {\n// append \u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u539f\u5f15\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u65b0slice\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n*res = append(*res, vet)\nvisited[vet] = struct{}{}\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n_, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nif !isExist {\ndfs(g, visited, res, adjVet)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres := make([]Vertex, 0)\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\ndfs(g, visited, &amp;res, startVet)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.js<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction dfs(graph, visited, res, vet) {\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph, startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited = new Set();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction dfs(\ngraph: GraphAdjList,\nvisited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt;,\nres: Vertex[],\nvet: Vertex\n): void {\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res: Vertex[] = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = new Set();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.c<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nint resIndex = 0;\nvoid dfs(graphAdjList *graph, hashTable *visited, Vertex *vet, Vertex **res) {\nif (hashQuery(visited, vet-&gt;pos) == 1) {\nreturn; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nhashMark(visited, vet-&gt;pos); // \u6807\u8bb0\u9876\u70b9\u5e76\u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\nres[resIndex] = vet;         // \u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\nresIndex++;\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u94fe\u8868\nNode *n = vet-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nwhile (n != 0) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, n-&gt;val, res);\nn = n-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nVertex **graphDFS(graphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nVertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * graph-&gt;size);\nmemset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * graph-&gt;size);\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nhashTable *visited = newHash(graph-&gt;size);\ndfs(graph, visited, startVet, res);\n// \u91ca\u653e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u5f52\u96f6\nfreeHash(visited);\nresIndex = 0;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList graph, HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited, List&lt;Vertex&gt; res, Vertex vet) {\nres.Add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.Add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nforeach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9                             \n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new List&lt;Vertex&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nHashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt;();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: inout Set&lt;Vertex&gt;, res: inout [Vertex], vet: Vertex) {\nres.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(vet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\nif visited.contains(adjVet) {\ncontinue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph: graph, visited: &amp;visited, res: &amp;res, vet: adjVet)\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -&gt; [Vertex] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar res: [Vertex] = []\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvar visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = []\ndfs(graph: graph, visited: &amp;visited, res: &amp;res, vet: startVet)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{graphDFS}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(\nGraphAdjList graph,\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited,\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res,\nVertex vet,\n) {\nres.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = {};\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn dfs(graph: &amp;GraphAdjList, visited: &amp;mut HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vertex&gt;, vet: Vertex) {\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nif let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&amp;vet) {\nfor &amp;adj_vet in adj_vets {\nif visited.contains(&amp;adj_vet) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adj_vet);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vertex&gt; {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nlet mut res = vec![];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nlet mut visited = HashSet::new();\ndfs(&amp;graph, &amp;mut visited, &amp;mut res, start_vet);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u76f4\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u66f2\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4e86\u5f00\u542f\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u56fe\u793a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7b14\u753b\u4e0b\u6765\uff09\u6a21\u62df\u6574\u4e2a DFS \u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u3001\u4f55\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5148\u5f80\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u201c\u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/","title":"9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u56fe\u7531\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002</li> <li>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002</li> <li>\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u5747\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6743\u91cd\u53d8\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5229\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fb9\u6216\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5728\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002</li> <li>\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u6761\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u5404\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u3001\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u65f6\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/#941-q-a","title":"9.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd8\u662f\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff1f</p> <p>\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices. \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p>\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6709\u65e0\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7684\u70b9\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u904d\u5386\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff1f</p> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6781\u503c\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/","title":"\u7b2c 15 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u671d\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u4e00\u8f6e\u8f6e\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u5411\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/","title":"15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u662f 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7269\u54c1\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u5047\u8bbe\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(w\\) \uff0c\u5219\u80cc\u5305\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(w \\times val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"<p>\u6700\u5927\u5316\u80cc\u5305\u5185\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u6ee1\u80cc\u5305\u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b <code>Item</code> \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u80cc\u5305\u5df2\u6ee1\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u89e3\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust fractional_knapsack.java<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\nint w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nint v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\npublic Item(int w, int v) {\nthis.w = w;\nthis.v = v;\n}\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nItem[] items = new Item[wgt.length];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; wgt.length; i++) {\nitems[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nArrays.sort(items, Comparator.comparingDouble(item -&gt; -((double) item.v / item.w)));\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nfor (Item item : items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (double) item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\npublic:\nint w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nint v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\nItem(int w, int v) : w(w), v(v) {\n}\n};\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nvector&lt;Item&gt; items;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; wgt.size(); i++) {\nitems.push_back(Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nsort(items.begin(), items.end(), [](Item &amp;a, Item &amp;b) { return (double)a.v / a.w &gt; (double)b.v / b.w; });\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nfor (auto &amp;item : items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.py<pre><code>class Item:\n\"\"\"\u7269\u54c1\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, w: int, v: int):\nself.w = w  # \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nself.v = v  # \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\ndef fractional_knapsack(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nitems = [Item(w, v) for w, v in zip(wgt, val)]\n# \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nitems.sort(key=lambda item: item.v / item.w, reverse=True)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\nres = 0\nfor item in items:\nif item.w &lt;= cap:\n# \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v\ncap -= item.w\nelse:\n# \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (item.v / item.w) * cap\n# \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak\nreturn res\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.go<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\ntype Item struct {\nw int // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nv int // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc fractionalKnapsack(wgt []int, val []int, cap int) float64 {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nitems := make([]Item, len(wgt))\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(wgt); i++ {\nitems[i] = Item{wgt[i], val[i]}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nsort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {\nreturn float64(items[i].v)/float64(items[i].w) &gt; float64(items[j].v)/float64(items[j].w)\n})\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\nres := 0.0\nfor _, item := range items {\nif item.w &lt;= cap {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += float64(item.v)\ncap -= item.w\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += float64(item.v) / float64(item.w) * float64(cap)\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\npublic int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\npublic int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\npublic Item(int w, int v) {\nthis.w = w;\nthis.v = v;\n}\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nItem[] items = new Item[wgt.Length];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; wgt.Length; i++) {\nitems[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nArray.Sort(items, (x, y) =&gt; (y.v / y.w).CompareTo(x.v / x.w));\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nforeach (Item item in items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.swift<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.zig<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\nint w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nint v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\nItem(this.w, this.v);\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nList&lt;Item&gt; items = List.generate(wgt.length, (i) =&gt; Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nitems.sort((a, b) =&gt; (b.v / b.w).compareTo(a.v / a.w));\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nfor (Item item in items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nstruct Item {\nw: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nv: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\nimpl Item {\nfn new(w: i32, v: i32) -&gt; Self {\nSelf { w, v }\n}\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn fractional_knapsack(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], mut cap: i32) -&gt; f64 {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nlet mut items = wgt\n.iter()\n.zip(val.iter())\n.map(|(&amp;w, &amp;v)| Item::new(w, v))\n.collect::&lt;Vec&lt;Item&gt;&gt;();\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nitems.sort_by(|a, b| {\n(b.v as f64 / b.w as f64)\n.partial_cmp(&amp;(a.v as f64 / a.w as f64))\n.unwrap()\n});\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\nlet mut res = 0.0;\nfor item in &amp;items {\nif item.w &lt;= cap {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v as f64;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v as f64 / item.w as f64 * cap as f64;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u7269\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Item</code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"<p>\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a <code>res</code> \uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u4e8e <code>res</code> \u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e <code>res</code> \u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u54c1\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u522b\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a 2D \u56fe\u8868\u7684\u6a2a\u8f74\u548c\u7eb5\u8f74\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u6c42\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6a2a\u8f74\u533a\u95f4\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u56f4\u6210\u9762\u79ef\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u8868\u793a </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/","title":"15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u90fd\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u6765\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5f53\u524d\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u524d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u9898\u201c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u201d\u4e86\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5bf9\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b83\u7684\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565 </p> <p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u611f\u53f9\uff1aSo Clean \uff01\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ec5\u7528\u5341\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change_greedy.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.length - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.size() - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.py<pre><code>def coin_change_greedy(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\ni = len(coins) - 1\ncount = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile amt &gt; 0:\n# \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile i &gt; 0 and coins[i] &gt; amt:\ni -= 1\n# \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i]\ncount += 1\n# \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn count if amt == 0 else -1\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc coinChangeGreedy(coins []int, amt int) int {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\ni := len(coins) - 1\ncount := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nfor amt &gt; 0 {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nfor i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt {\ni--\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i]\ncount++\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif amt != 0 {\nreturn -1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.Length - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.length - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn coin_change_greedy(coins: &amp;[i32], mut amt: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nlet mut i = coins.len() - 1;\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile amt &gt; 0 {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt {\ni -= 1;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount += 1;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif amt == 0 {\ncount\n} else {\n-1\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1511","title":"15.1.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u786c\u5e01\u6700\u5c0f\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\min(coins)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u591a\u5faa\u73af \\(amt / \\min(coins)\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(amt / \\min(coins))\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\times amt)\\) \u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6b63\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]\\)\uff1a\u5728\u8be5\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 20, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 60\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 10\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(11\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(20 + 20 + 20\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(3\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002</li> <li>\u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 49, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 98\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 48\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(49\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(49 + 49\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(2\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</li> <li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u627e\u5230\u6b21\u4f18\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1512","title":"15.1.2 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1f</p> <p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6613\u4e8b\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4e3e\u51fa\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\uff1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u51ed\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u6216\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002</p> <p>Quote</p> <p>\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^3)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>Pearson, David. A polynomial-time algorithm for the change-making problem. Operations Research Letters 33.3 (2005): 231-234.</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1513","title":"15.1.3 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u68b3\u7406\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002</li> <li>\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u6216\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d45\u663e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u6982\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u8003\u9a8c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u529b\u4e86\u3002</li> <li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6ee1\u6000\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u9762\u5411\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c Debug \uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1514","title":"15.1.4 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u786c\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u533a\u95f4\u8c03\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\uff08\u4ef7\u503c / \u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u80a1\u7968\u4e70\u5356\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u6709\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5356\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4e70\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5229\u6da6\u3002</li> <li>\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u635f\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\u7684\u5e26\u6743\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u7f16\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u6700\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6e90\u9876\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/","title":"15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 \\(ht\\) \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5782\u76f4\u9694\u677f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002</p> <p>\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff08\u5373\u9762\u79ef\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u9694\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u5bb9\u5668\u7531\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u56f4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e58\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002\u8bbe\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a</p> \\[ cap[i, j] = \\min(ht[i], ht[j]) \\times (j - i) \\] <p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff09\u4e3a \\(C_n^2 = \\frac{n(n - 1)}{2}\\) \u4e2a\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"<p>\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i &lt; j\\) \u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(ht[i] &lt; ht[j]\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001 \\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u5219\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u540e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bbd\u5ea6 \\(j-i\\) \u80af\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08 \\(i\\) \u4ecd\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u6216\u53d8\u5c0f\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684 \\(j\\) \u6210\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u53cd\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u5411\u5185\u6536\u7f29\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u957f\uff09\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u5206\u5217\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\u3002</li> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u6bd4\u8f83\u677f \\(i\\) \u548c \u677f \\(j\\) \u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u77ed\u677f\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c <code>2.</code> , <code>3.</code> \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5faa\u73af\u6700\u591a \\(n\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u53d8\u91cf \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) , \\(res\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust max_capacity.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = Math.max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.size() - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.py<pre><code>def max_capacity(ht: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\ni, j = 0, len(ht) - 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nres = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile i &lt; j:\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\ncap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i)\nres = max(res, cap)\n# \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif ht[i] &lt; ht[j]:\ni += 1\nelse:\nj -= 1\nreturn res\n</code></pre> max_capacity.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxCapacity(ht []int) int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\ni, j := 0, len(ht)-1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nres := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nfor i &lt; j {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\ncapacity := int(math.Min(float64(ht[i]), float64(ht[j]))) * (j - i)\nres = int(math.Max(float64(res), float64(capacity)))\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif ht[i] &lt; ht[j] {\ni++\n} else {\nj--\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.Length - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = Math.Min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = Math.Max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(List&lt;int&gt; ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_capacity(ht: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nlet mut i = 0;\nlet mut j = ht.len() - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nlet mut res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile i &lt; j {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nlet cap = std::cmp::min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i) as i32;\nres = std::cmp::max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif ht[i] &lt; ht[j] {\ni += 1;\n} else {\nj -= 1;\n}\n}\nres\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"<p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u6bd4\u7a77\u4e3e\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u4f1a\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u72b6\u6001 \\(cap[i, j]\\) \u4e0b\uff0c\\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001\\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002\u82e5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5c06\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e4b\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</p> \\[ cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \\cdots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1] \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5185\u79fb\u957f\u677f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8fc7\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/","title":"15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u6c42\u5207\u5206\u540e\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49 </p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u5207\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n_i\\) \uff0c\u5373</p> \\[ n = \\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_i \\] <p>\u672c\u9898\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u5373</p> \\[ \\max(\\prod_{i=1}^{m}n_i) \\] <p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5207\u5206\u6570\u91cf \\(m\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(n_i\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4ece \\(n\\) \u4e2d\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(2(n-2)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u4e58\u79ef\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} 2(n-2) &amp; \\geq n \\newline 2n - n - 4 &amp; \\geq 0 \\newline n &amp; \\geq 4 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u540e\u4e58\u79ef\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e \\(4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5207\u5206\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u53ea\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0 \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u56e0\u5b50\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5207\u5206\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u53d8\u5927 </p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u54ea\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u5728 \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136 \\(1\\) \u662f\u6700\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n-1) &lt; n\\) \u6052\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(1\\) \u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 6\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6709 \\(3 \\times 3 &gt; 2 \\times 2 \\times 2\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(3\\) \u6bd4\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(2\\) \u66f4\u4f18\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e8c\uff1a\u5728\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50 </p> <p>\u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u56e0\u5b50 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) , \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868 \\(n\\) \u662f \\(3\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e4b\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(2 \\times 2 &gt; 1 \\times 3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5207\u5206\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230 \\(3\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570 \\(a\\) \uff0c\u7528\u53d6\u6a21\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u4f59\u6570 \\(b\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\uff1a</p> \\[ n = 3 a + b \\] <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n \\leq 3\\) \u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u62c6\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n - 1)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust max_product_cutting.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n / 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (int) Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int) Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int) Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n / 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (int)pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)pow(3, a) * 2;\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)pow(3, a);\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.py<pre><code>def max_product_cutting(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif n &lt;= 3:\nreturn 1 * (n - 1)\n# \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\na, b = n // 3, n % 3\nif b == 1:\n# \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn int(math.pow(3, a - 1)) * 2 * 2\nif b == 2:\n# \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.pow(3, a)) * 2\n# \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.pow(3, a))\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxProductCutting(n int) int {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif n &lt;= 3 {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1)\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\na := n / 3\nb := n % 3\nif b == 1 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn int(math.Pow(3, float64(a-1))) * 2 * 2\n}\nif b == 2 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.Pow(3, float64(a))) * 2\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.Pow(3, float64(a)))\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n / 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (int)Math.Pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)Math.Pow(3, a) * 2;\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)Math.Pow(3, a);\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n ~/ 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2).toInt();\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (pow(3, a) * 2).toInt();\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn pow(3, a).toInt();\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_product_cutting(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif n &lt;= 3 {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nlet a = n / 3;\nlet b = n % 3;\nif b == 1 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n3_i32.pow(a as u32 - 1) * 2 * 2\n} else if b == 2 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n3_i32.pow(a as u32) * 2\n} else {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n3_i32.pow(a as u32)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5 </p> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e42\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 <code>**</code> \u548c\u51fd\u6570 <code>pow()</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log\u2061 a)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u51fd\u6570 <code>math.pow()</code> \u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u7684 <code>pow()</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u6d6e\u70b9\u53d6\u5e42\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53d8\u91cf \\(a\\) , \\(b\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u5206\u6790 \\(n \\geq 3\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u5b50 \\(\\leq 3\\) :\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728 \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(2(x-2)\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</li> <li>\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5305\u542b \\(1\\) :\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</li> <li>\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/summary/","title":"15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u4ee3\u8868\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u4f2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u6c42\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u96be\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u6216 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/","title":"\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6563\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002</p> <p>\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u4e66\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868</li> <li>6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81</li> <li>6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/","title":"6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e24\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u8fd8\u662f\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5219\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5 </p> <p>\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u7531\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\uff1a</p> <pre><code>index = hash(key) % capacity\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf <code>capacity</code> \u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash()</code> \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash()</code> \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#631","title":"6.3.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u6807","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7a33\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u4f7f\u5f97\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u8d8a\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e00\u540c\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\uff1a\u5e94\u5f53\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> <li>\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u5f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u201d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 <code>key % 100</code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684 <code>key</code> \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u7684 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u89e3\u5bc6\u7801\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#632","title":"6.3.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1","text":"<p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u54c8\u5e0c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust simple_hash.java<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash = (hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int) hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash = (31 * hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int) hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash ^= (int) c;\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ (int) c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int) hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.cpp<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(string key) {\nlong long hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\nhash = (hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(string key) {\nlong long hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(string key) {\nint hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\ncout&lt;&lt;(int)c&lt;&lt;endl;\nhash ^= (int)c;\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(string key) {\nlong long hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ (int)c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.py<pre><code>def add_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash += ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\ndef mul_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash = 31 * hash + ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\ndef xor_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash ^= ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\ndef rot_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash = (hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\n</code></pre> simple_hash.go<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key string) int {\nvar hash int64\nvar modulus int64\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nhash = (hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn int(hash)\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key string) int {\nvar hash int64\nvar modulus int64\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nhash = (31*hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn int(hash)\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key string) int {\nhash := 0\nmodulus := 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nfmt.Println(int(b))\nhash ^= int(b)\nhash = (31*hash + int(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn hash &amp; modulus\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key string) int {\nvar hash int64\nvar modulus int64\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ int64(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn int(hash)\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.js<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.ts<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{addHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{mulHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{xorHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{rotHash}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.cs<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(string key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash = (hash + c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(string key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(string key) {\nint hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash ^= c;\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(string key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.swift<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash = (hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n}\n}\nreturn hash\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash = (31 * hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n}\n}\nreturn hash\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash ^= Int(scalar.value)\n}\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n}\n}\nreturn hash\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{addHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{mulHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{xorHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{rotHash}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.dart<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash = (hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash = (31 * hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash ^= key.codeUnitAt(i);\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{add_hash}\n[class]{}-[func]{mul_hash}\n[class]{}-[func]{xor_hash}\n[class]{}-[func]{rot_hash}\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u8d28\u6570 \\(1000000007\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u8d28\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u5148\u629b\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u53d6\u6a21\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u6570 \\(9\\) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\u7684 <code>key</code> \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 \\(0\\) , \\(3\\) , \\(6\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} &amp; = 9 \\newline \\text{key} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\cdots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\\cdots \\} \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \u6070\u597d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u5dee\u6570\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u5806\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u91cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5c06 <code>modulus</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570 \\(13\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e <code>key</code> \u548c <code>modulus</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6027\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} &amp; = 13 \\newline \\text{key} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\cdots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \\cdots \\} \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1 <code>key</code> \u662f\u968f\u673a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u8d28\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5408\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5f53 <code>key</code> \u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002</p> <p>\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u53d6\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d28\u6570\u6700\u597d\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#633","title":"6.3.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u8106\u5f31\u201d\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u6362\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 MD5 , SHA-1 , SHA-2 , SHA3 \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6052\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>MD5 \u548c SHA-1 \u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u5f03\u7528\u3002</li> <li>SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684 SHA-256 \u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ecd\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>SHA-3 \u76f8\u8f83 SHA-2 \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982 SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u3002</li> </ul> MD5 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 \u63a8\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4 1992 1995 2002 2008 \u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u5ea6 128 bits 160 bits 256 / 512 bits 224/256/384/512 bits \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 \u8f83\u591a \u8f83\u591a \u5f88\u5c11 \u5f88\u5c11 \u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7ea7 \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u9ad8 \u9ad8 \u5e94\u7528 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\uff0c\u4ecd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528 \u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u4ea4\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49 \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3 SHA-2"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#634","title":"6.3.4 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 <code>key</code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 <code>hash()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6574\u6570\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u3002</li> <li>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</li> <li>\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust built_in_hash.java<pre><code>int num = 3;\nint hashNum = Integer.hashCode(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\nboolean bol = true;\nint hashBol = Boolean.hashCode(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = Double.hashCode(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -727081396\nObject[] arr = { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" };\nint hashTup = Arrays.hashCode(arr);\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1151158\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode@7dc5e7b4 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2110121908\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.cpp<pre><code>int num = 3;\nsize_t hashNum = hash&lt;int&gt;()(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\nbool bol = true;\nsize_t hashBol = hash&lt;bool&gt;()(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf 1 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nsize_t hashDec = hash&lt;double&gt;()(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4614256650576692846\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nsize_t hashStr = hash&lt;string&gt;()(str);\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 15466937326284535026\n// \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e std:hash() \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\n// \u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.py<pre><code>num = 3\nhash_num = hash(num)\n# \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\nbol = True\nhash_bol = hash(bol)\n# \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf True \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\ndec = 3.14159\nhash_dec = hash(dec)\n# \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 326484311674566659\nstr = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nhash_str = hash(str)\n# \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4617003410720528961\ntup = (12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\")\nhash_tup = hash(tup)\n# \u5143\u7ec4 (12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8') \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1029005403108185979\nobj = ListNode(0)\nhash_obj = hash(obj)\n# \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 &lt;ListNode object at 0x1058fd810&gt; \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 274267521\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.go<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.js<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.ts<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.c<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.cs<pre><code>int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.GetHashCode();\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3;\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.GetHashCode();\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1;\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.GetHashCode();\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729;\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.GetHashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -586107568;\nobject[] arr = { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" };\nint hashTup = arr.GetHashCode();\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 42931033;\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.GetHashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 0 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 39053774;\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.swift<pre><code>let num = 3\nlet hashNum = num.hashValue\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 9047044699613009734\nlet bol = true\nlet hashBol = bol.hashValue\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -4431640247352757451\nlet dec = 3.14159\nlet hashDec = dec.hashValue\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2465384235396674631\nlet str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nlet hashStr = str.hashValue\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -7850626797806988787\nlet arr = [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")]\nlet hashTup = arr.hashValue\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2308633508154532996\nlet obj = ListNode(x: 0)\nlet hashObj = obj.hashValue\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2434780518035996159\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.dart<pre><code>int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.hashCode;\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 34803\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.hashCode;\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u503c true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.hashCode;\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2570631074981783\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode;\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 468167534\nList arr = [12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"];\nint hashArr = arr.hashCode;\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 976512528\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 Instance of 'ListNode' \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1033450432\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u624d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 <code>key</code> \u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u5f53\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u539f\u5148\u7684 <code>value</code> \u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u867d\u7136\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u76d0\uff08Salt\uff09\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62 HashDoS \u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/","title":"6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81","text":"<p>\u4e0a\u8282\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5168\u4f53\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5207\u6362\u4e00\u4e0b\u601d\u8def\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u6539\u826f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u4ec5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#621","title":"6.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740","text":"<p>\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u4ec5\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u300c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740 separate chaining\u300d\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 </p> <p>\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4 <code>key</code> \u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002</li> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u66f4\u52a0\u8017\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u5c3d\u91cf\u7b80\u77ed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4ee3\u66ff\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(0.75\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map_chaining.java<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nint size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapChaining() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn (double) size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets.get(index);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets.get(index);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nPair pair = new Pair(key, val);\nbucket.add(pair);\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets.get(index);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nbucket.remove(pair);\nsize--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket : bucketsTmp) {\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket : buckets) {\nList&lt;String&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nres.add(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n}\nSystem.out.println(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.cpp<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nprivate:\nint size;                       // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity;                   // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres;               // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio;                // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvector&lt;vector&lt;Pair *&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3), extendRatio(2) {\nbuckets.resize(capacity);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn (double)size / (double)capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nstring get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\nif (pair-&gt;key == key) {\nreturn pair-&gt;val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de nullptr\nreturn nullptr;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\nif (pair-&gt;key == key) {\npair-&gt;val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nbuckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nauto &amp;bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; bucket.size(); i++) {\nif (bucket[i]-&gt;key == key) {\nPair *tmp = bucket[i];\nbucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // \u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\ndelete tmp;                       // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nsize--;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;Pair *&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets.clear();\nbuckets.resize(capacity);\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (auto &amp;bucket : bucketsTmp) {\nfor (Pair *pair : bucket) {\nput(pair-&gt;key, pair-&gt;val);\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete pair;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (auto &amp;bucket : buckets) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"[\";\nfor (Pair *pair : bucket) {\ncout &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;key &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;val &lt;&lt; \", \";\n}\ncout &lt;&lt; \"]\\n\";\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.py<pre><code>class HashMapChaining:\n\"\"\"\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nself.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.load_thres = 2 / 3  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nself.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nself.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\ndef hash_func(self, key: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nreturn key % self.capacity\ndef load_factor(self) -&gt; float:\n\"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\nreturn self.size / self.capacity\ndef get(self, key: int) -&gt; str:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\nbucket = self.buckets[index]\n# \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor pair in bucket:\nif pair.key == key:\nreturn pair.val\n# \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nreturn None\ndef put(self, key: int, val: str):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres:\nself.extend()\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\nbucket = self.buckets[index]\n# \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor pair in bucket:\nif pair.key == key:\npair.val = val\nreturn\n# \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\npair = Pair(key, val)\nbucket.append(pair)\nself.size += 1\ndef remove(self, key: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\nbucket = self.buckets[index]\n# \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor pair in bucket:\nif pair.key == key:\nbucket.remove(pair)\nself.size -= 1\nbreak\ndef extend(self):\n\"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n# \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nbuckets = self.buckets\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\nself.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]\nself.size = 0\n# \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor bucket in buckets:\nfor pair in bucket:\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val)\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\nfor bucket in self.buckets:\nres = []\nfor pair in bucket:\nres.append(str(pair.key) + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val)\nprint(res)\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.go<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapChaining struct {\nsize        int      // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\ncapacity    int      // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nloadThres   float64  // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nextendRatio int      // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nbuckets     [][]pair // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapChaining() *hashMapChaining {\nbuckets := make([][]pair, 4)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 4; i++ {\nbuckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n}\nreturn &amp;hashMapChaining{\nsize:        0,\ncapacity:    4,\nloadThres:   2 / 3.0,\nextendRatio: 2,\nbuckets:     buckets,\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) hashFunc(key int) int {\nreturn key % m.capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) loadFactor() float64 {\nreturn float64(m.size / m.capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) get(key int) string {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\nbucket := m.buckets[idx]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor _, p := range bucket {\nif p.key == key {\nreturn p.val\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nreturn \"\"\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) put(key int, val string) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif m.loadFactor() &gt; m.loadThres {\nm.extend()\n}\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor _, p := range m.buckets[idx] {\nif p.key == key {\np.val = val\nreturn\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\np := pair{\nkey: key,\nval: val,\n}\nm.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx], p)\nm.size += 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) remove(key int) {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor i, p := range m.buckets[idx] {\nif p.key == key {\n// \u5207\u7247\u5220\u9664\nm.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx][:i], m.buckets[idx][i+1:]...)\nm.size -= 1\nbreak\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ntmpBuckets := make([][]pair, len(m.buckets))\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(m.buckets); i++ {\ntmpBuckets[i] = make([]pair, len(m.buckets[i]))\ncopy(tmpBuckets[i], m.buckets[i])\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nm.capacity *= m.extendRatio\nm.buckets = make([][]pair, m.capacity)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\nm.buckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n}\nm.size = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor _, bucket := range tmpBuckets {\nfor _, p := range bucket {\nm.put(p.key, p.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) print() {\nvar builder strings.Builder\nfor _, bucket := range m.buckets {\nbuilder.WriteString(\"[\")\nfor _, p := range bucket {\nbuilder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -&gt; \" + p.val + \" \")\n}\nbuilder.WriteString(\"]\")\nfmt.Println(builder.String())\nbuilder.Reset()\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.js<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n#size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key) {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor() {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key, val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nconst pair = new Pair(key, val);\nbucket.push(pair);\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nlet bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; bucket.length; i++) {\nif (bucket[i].key === key) {\nbucket.splice(i, 1);\nthis.#size--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint() {\nfor (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\nlet res = [];\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nres.push(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n}\nconsole.log(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.ts<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n#size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets: Pair[][]; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key: number): number {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor(): number {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key: number): string | null {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key: number, val: string): void {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nconst pair = new Pair(key, val);\nbucket.push(pair);\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key: number): void {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nlet bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; bucket.length; i++) {\nif (bucket[i].key === key) {\nbucket.splice(i, 1);\nthis.#size--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend(): void {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint(): void {\nfor (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\nlet res = [];\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nres.push(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n}\nconsole.log(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.c<pre><code>[class]{hashMapChaining}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.cs<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nint size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapChaining() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new List&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(new List&lt;Pair&gt;());\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nprivate double loadFactor() {\nreturn (double)size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic string get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nbuckets[index].Add(new Pair(key, val));\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets[index].ToList()) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nbuckets[index].Remove(pair);\nsize--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprivate void extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new List&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(new List&lt;Pair&gt;());\n}\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nforeach (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in bucketsTmp) {\nforeach (Pair pair in bucket) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nforeach (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nList&lt;string&gt; res = new List&lt;string&gt;();\nforeach (Pair pair in bucket) {\nres.Add(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n}\nforeach (string kv in res) {\nConsole.WriteLine(kv);\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.swift<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nvar size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nvar capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nvar loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nvar extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvar buckets: [[Pair]] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit() {\nsize = 0\ncapacity = 4\nloadThres = 2 / 3\nextendRatio = 2\nbuckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc hashFunc(key: Int) -&gt; Int {\nkey % capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc loadFactor() -&gt; Double {\nDouble(size / capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc get(key: Int) -&gt; String? {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet bucket = buckets[index]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\nreturn pair.val\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de nil\nreturn nil\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc put(key: Int, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif loadFactor() &gt; loadThres {\nextend()\n}\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet bucket = buckets[index]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\npair.val = val\nreturn\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nlet pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\nbuckets[index].append(pair)\nsize += 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc remove(key: Int) {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet bucket = buckets[index]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (pairIndex, pair) in bucket.enumerated() {\nif pair.key == key {\nbuckets[index].remove(at: pairIndex)\n}\n}\nsize -= 1\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet bucketsTmp = buckets\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio\nbuckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\nsize = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor bucket in bucketsTmp {\nfor pair in bucket {\nput(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc print() {\nfor bucket in buckets {\nlet res = bucket.map { \"\\($0.key) -&gt; \\($0.val)\" }\nSwift.print(res)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.zig<pre><code>[class]{HashMapChaining}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.dart<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nlate int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nlate int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nlate double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nlate int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nlate List&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapChaining() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) =&gt; []);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString? get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nPair pair = Pair(key, val);\nbucket.add(pair);\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nbucket.remove(pair);\nsize--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) =&gt; []);\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in bucketsTmp) {\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid printHashMap() {\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nList&lt;String&gt; res = [];\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nres.add(\"${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}\");\n}\nprint(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.rs<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapChaining {\nsize: i32,\ncapacity: i32,\nload_thres: f32,\nextend_ratio: i32,\nbuckets: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl HashMapChaining {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nsize: 0,\ncapacity: 4,\nload_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\nextend_ratio: 2,\nbuckets: vec![vec![]; 4],\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn hash_func(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; usize {\nkey as usize % self.capacity as usize\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn load_factor(&amp;self) -&gt; f32 {\nself.size as f32 / self.capacity as f32\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn remove(&amp;mut self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;String&gt; {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet bucket = &amp;mut self.buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor i in 0..bucket.len() {\nif bucket[i].key == key {\nlet pair = bucket.remove(i);\nself.size -= 1;\nreturn Some(pair.val);\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nNone\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn extend(&amp;mut self) {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet buckets_tmp = std::mem::replace(&amp;mut self.buckets, vec![]);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\nself.buckets = vec![Vec::new(); self.capacity as usize];\nself.size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor bucket in buckets_tmp {\nfor pair in bucket {\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn print(&amp;self) {\nfor bucket in &amp;self.buckets {\nlet mut res = Vec::new();\nfor pair in bucket {\nres.push(format!(\"{} -&gt; {}\", pair.key, pair.val));\n}\nprintln!(\"{:?}\", res);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn put(&amp;mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres {\nself.extend();\n}\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet bucket = &amp;mut self.buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\npair.val = val.clone();\nreturn;\n}\n}\nlet bucket = &amp;mut self.buckets[index];\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nlet pair = Pair {\nkey,\nval: val.clone(),\n};\nbucket.push(pair);\nself.size += 1;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn get(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;str&gt; {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet bucket = &amp;self.buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\nreturn Some(&amp;pair.val);\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nNone\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387 \\(O(n)\\) \u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cAVL \u6811\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#622","title":"6.2.2 \u00a0 \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740","text":"<p>\u300c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740 open addressing\u300d\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u201d\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u63a2\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b49\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u6876\u5185\u5df2\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u51b2\u7a81\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5411\u540e\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff08\u6b65\u957f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u6b65\u957f\u5411\u540e\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de <code>value</code> \u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b </p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u7a7a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7a7a\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bef\u5224\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u8fde\u7eed\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7eed\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u805a\u5806\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u52a3\u5316\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f8b <code>removed</code> \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u6216 <code>removed</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6876\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u653e\u7f6e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u7d22\u5f15 <code>index</code> \u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map_open_addressing.java<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nprivate int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nprivate int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nprivate int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nprivate Pair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate Pair removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapOpenAddressing() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nremoved = new Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\npublic int hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\npublic double loadFactor() {\nreturn (double) size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic String get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (buckets[j] == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key &amp;&amp; buckets[j] != removed)\nreturn buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (buckets[j] == null || buckets[j] == removed) {\nbuckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nsize += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j] == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j] = removed;\nsize -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nPair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != null &amp;&amp; pair != removed) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nSystem.out.println(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n} else {\nSystem.out.println(\"null\");\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nprivate:\nint size;               // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity;           // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres;       // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio;        // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nPair *removed;          // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapOpenAddressing() {\n// \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = vector&lt;Pair *&gt;(capacity, nullptr);\nremoved = new Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn static_cast&lt;double&gt;(size) / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nstring get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de nullptr\nif (buckets[j] == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j]-&gt;key == key &amp;&amp; buckets[j] != removed)\nreturn buckets[j]-&gt;val;\n}\nreturn nullptr;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres)\nextend();\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (buckets[j] == nullptr || buckets[j] == removed) {\nbuckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nsize += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j]-&gt;key == key) {\nbuckets[j]-&gt;val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j] == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j]-&gt;key == key) {\ndelete buckets[j]; // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nbuckets[j] = removed;\nsize -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = vector&lt;Pair *&gt;(capacity, nullptr);\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != nullptr &amp;&amp; pair != removed) {\nput(pair-&gt;key, pair-&gt;val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (auto &amp;pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\ncout &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;key &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;val &lt;&lt; endl;\n} else {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"nullptr\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.py<pre><code>class HashMapOpenAddressing:\n\"\"\"\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nself.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.load_thres = 2 / 3  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nself.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nself.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * self.capacity  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nself.removed = Pair(-1, \"-1\")  # \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\ndef hash_func(self, key: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nreturn key % self.capacity\ndef load_factor(self) -&gt; float:\n\"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\nreturn self.size / self.capacity\ndef get(self, key: int) -&gt; str:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in range(self.capacity):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj = (index + i) % self.capacity\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nif self.buckets[j] is None:\nreturn None\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif self.buckets[j].key == key and self.buckets[j] != self.removed:\nreturn self.buckets[j].val\ndef put(self, key: int, val: str):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres:\nself.extend()\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in range(self.capacity):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj = (index + i) % self.capacity\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif self.buckets[j] in [None, self.removed]:\nself.buckets[j] = Pair(key, val)\nself.size += 1\nreturn\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif self.buckets[j].key == key:\nself.buckets[j].val = val\nreturn\ndef remove(self, key: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in range(self.capacity):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj = (index + i) % self.capacity\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.buckets[j] is None:\nreturn\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.buckets[j].key == key:\nself.buckets[j] = self.removed\nself.size -= 1\nreturn\ndef extend(self):\n\"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n# \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nbuckets_tmp = self.buckets\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\nself.buckets = [None] * self.capacity\nself.size = 0\n# \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor pair in buckets_tmp:\nif pair not in [None, self.removed]:\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val)\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nprint(pair.key, \"-&gt;\", pair.val)\nelse:\nprint(\"None\")\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.go<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapOpenAddressing struct {\nsize        int     // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\ncapacity    int     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nloadThres   float64 // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nextendRatio int     // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nbuckets     []pair  // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nremoved     pair    // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapOpenAddressing() *hashMapOpenAddressing {\nbuckets := make([]pair, 4)\nreturn &amp;hashMapOpenAddressing{\nsize:        0,\ncapacity:    4,\nloadThres:   2 / 3.0,\nextendRatio: 2,\nbuckets:     buckets,\nremoved: pair{\nkey: -1,\nval: \"-1\",\n},\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) hashFunc(key int) int {\nreturn key % m.capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) loadFactor() float64 {\nreturn float64(m.size) / float64(m.capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) get(key int) string {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj := (idx + 1) % m.capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\nreturn \"\"\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif m.buckets[j].key == key &amp;&amp; m.buckets[j] != m.removed {\nreturn m.buckets[j].val\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nreturn \"\"\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) put(key int, val string) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif m.loadFactor() &gt; m.loadThres {\nm.extend()\n}\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) || m.buckets[j] == m.removed {\nm.buckets[j] = pair{\nkey: key,\nval: val,\n}\nm.size += 1\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif m.buckets[j].key == key {\nm.buckets[j].val = val\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) remove(key int) {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj := (idx + 1) % m.capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif m.buckets[j].key == key {\nm.buckets[j] = m.removed\nm.size -= 1\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ntmpBuckets := make([]pair, len(m.buckets))\ncopy(tmpBuckets, m.buckets)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nm.capacity *= m.extendRatio\nm.buckets = make([]pair, m.capacity)\nm.size = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor _, p := range tmpBuckets {\nif p != (pair{}) &amp;&amp; p != m.removed {\nm.put(p.key, p.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) print() {\nfor _, p := range m.buckets {\nif p != (pair{}) {\nfmt.Println(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -&gt; \" + p.val)\n} else {\nfmt.Println(\"nil\")\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.js<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n#size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n#removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#removed = new Pair(-1, '-1');\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key) {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor() {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) return null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j].key === key &amp;&amp;\nthis.#buckets[j][key] !== this.#removed.key\n)\nreturn this.#buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key, val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j] === null ||\nthis.#buckets[j][key] === this.#removed.key\n) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nthis.#size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = this.#removed;\nthis.#size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair !== null &amp;&amp; pair.key !== this.#removed.key) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint() {\nfor (const pair of this.#buckets) {\nif (pair !== null) {\nconsole.log(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n} else {\nconsole.log('null');\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.ts<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n#size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets: Pair[]; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n#removed: Pair; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#removed = new Pair(-1, '-1');\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key: number): number {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor(): number {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key: number): string | null {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) return null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j].key === key &amp;&amp;\nthis.#buckets[j][key] !== this.#removed.key\n)\nreturn this.#buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key: number, val: string): void {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j] === null ||\nthis.#buckets[j][key] === this.#removed.key\n) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nthis.#size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key: number): void {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = this.#removed;\nthis.#size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend(): void {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair !== null &amp;&amp; pair.key !== this.#removed.key) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint(): void {\nfor (const pair of this.#buckets) {\nif (pair !== null) {\nconsole.log(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n} else {\nconsole.log('null');\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.c<pre><code>[class]{hashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.cs<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nint size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nPair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nPair removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapOpenAddressing() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nremoved = new Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nprivate double loadFactor() {\nreturn (double)size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic string get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (buckets[j] == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key &amp;&amp; buckets[j] != removed)\nreturn buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (buckets[j] == null || buckets[j] == removed) {\nbuckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nsize += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j] == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j] = removed;\nsize -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprivate void extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nPair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nforeach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != null &amp;&amp; pair != removed) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nConsole.WriteLine(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n} else {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"null\");\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.swift<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nvar size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nvar capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nvar loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nvar extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvar buckets: [Pair?] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nvar removed: Pair // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit() {\nsize = 0\ncapacity = 4\nloadThres = 2 / 3\nextendRatio = 2\nbuckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\nremoved = Pair(key: -1, val: \"-1\")\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc hashFunc(key: Int) -&gt; Int {\nkey % capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc loadFactor() -&gt; Double {\nDouble(size / capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc get(key: Int) -&gt; String? {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de nil\nif buckets[j] == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif buckets[j]?.key == key, buckets[j] != removed {\nreturn buckets[j]?.val\n}\n}\nreturn nil\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc put(key: Int, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif loadFactor() &gt; loadThres {\nextend()\n}\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in stride(from: 0, through: capacity, by: 1) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif buckets[j] == nil || buckets[j] == removed {\nbuckets[j] = Pair(key: key, val: val)\nsize += 1\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif buckets[j]?.key == key {\nbuckets[j]?.val = val\nreturn\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc remove(key: Int) {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif buckets[j] == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif buckets[j]?.key == key {\nbuckets[j] = removed\nsize -= 1\nreturn\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet bucketsTmp = buckets\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio\nbuckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\nsize = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor pair in bucketsTmp {\nif let pair, pair != removed {\nput(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc print() {\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair {\nSwift.print(\"\\(pair.key) -&gt; \\(pair.val)\")\n} else {\nSwift.print(\"null\")\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.zig<pre><code>[class]{HashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.dart<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nlate int _size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nlate int _capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nlate double _loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nlate int _extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nlate List&lt;Pair?&gt; _buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nlate Pair _removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapOpenAddressing() {\n_size = 0;\n_capacity = 4;\n_loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n_extendRatio = 2;\n_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) =&gt; null);\n_removed = Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % _capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn _size / _capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString? get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % _capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (_buckets[j] == null) return null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (_buckets[j]!.key == key &amp;&amp; _buckets[j] != _removed)\nreturn _buckets[j]!.val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; _loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % _capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (_buckets[j] == null || _buckets[j] == _removed) {\n_buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\n_size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (_buckets[j]!.key == key) {\n_buckets[j]!.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % _capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (_buckets[j] == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (_buckets[j]!.key == key) {\n_buckets[j] = _removed;\n_size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;Pair?&gt; bucketsTmp = _buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n_capacity *= _extendRatio;\n_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) =&gt; null);\n_size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != null &amp;&amp; pair != _removed) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid printHashMap() {\nfor (Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nprint(\"${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}\");\n} else {\nprint(null);\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.rs<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapOpenAddressing {\nsize: usize,\ncapacity: usize,\nload_thres: f32,\nextend_ratio: usize,\nbuckets: Vec&lt;Option&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;,\nremoved: Pair,\n}\nimpl HashMapOpenAddressing {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nsize: 0,\ncapacity: 4,\nload_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\nextend_ratio: 2,\nbuckets: vec![None; 4],\nremoved: Pair {\nkey: -1,\nval: \"-1\".to_string(),\n},\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn hash_func(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; usize {\n(key % self.capacity as i32) as usize\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn load_factor(&amp;self) -&gt; f32 {\nself.size as f32 / self.capacity as f32\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn get(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;str&gt; {\nlet mut index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet capacity = self.capacity;\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor _ in 0..capacity {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + 1) % capacity;\nmatch &amp;self.buckets[j] {\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nNone =&gt; return None,\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nSome(pair) if pair.key == key &amp;&amp; pair != &amp;self.removed =&gt; return Some(&amp;pair.val),\n_ =&gt; index = j,\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn put(&amp;mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres {\nself.extend();\n}\nlet mut index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet capacity = self.capacity;\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor _ in 0..capacity {\n//\u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + 1) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nmatch &amp;mut self.buckets[j] {\nbucket @ &amp;mut None | bucket @ &amp;mut Some(Pair { key: -1, .. }) =&gt; {\n*bucket = Some(Pair { key, val });\nself.size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nSome(pair) if pair.key == key =&gt; {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n_ =&gt; index = j,\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn remove(&amp;mut self, key: i32) {\nlet mut index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet capacity = self.capacity;\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor _ in 0..capacity {\nlet j = (index + 1) % capacity;\nmatch &amp;mut self.buckets[j] {\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nNone =&gt; return,\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nSome(pair) if pair.key == key =&gt; {\n*pair = Pair {\nkey: -1,\nval: \"-1\".to_string(),\n};\nself.size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n_ =&gt; index = j,\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn extend(&amp;mut self) {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\nself.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];\nself.size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor pair in buckets_tmp {\nif let Some(pair) = pair {\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn print(&amp;self) {\nfor pair in &amp;self.buckets {\nmatch pair {\nSome(pair) =&gt; println!(\"{} -&gt; {}\", pair.key, pair.val),\nNone =&gt; println!(\"None\"),\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c","text":"<p>\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\) , \\(f_2(x)\\) , \\(f_3(x)\\) , \\(\\cdots\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5 \\(f_2(x)\\) \uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b\u6216\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6216\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#623","title":"6.2.3 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"<p>Java \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002\u81ea JDK 1.8 \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5f53 HashMap \u5185\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 64 \u4e14\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 8 \u65f6\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u3002</p> <p>Python \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002\u5b57\u5178 dict \u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002</p> <p>Golang \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002Go \u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u50a8 8 \u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\uff1b\u5f53\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b49\u91cf\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6027\u80fd\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/","title":"6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"<p>\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hash table\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u300c\u6563\u5217\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u952e <code>key</code> \u4e0e\u503c <code>value</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e <code>key</code> \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c <code>value</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u53f7\u201d\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u9664\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u636e\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u662f\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5148\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#611","title":"6.1.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7b49\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap&lt;Integer, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.put(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\");   map.put(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\");   map.put(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\");   map.put(13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\");\nmap.put(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\");\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map.get(15937);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nunordered_map&lt;int, string&gt; map;\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nstring name = map[15937];\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.erase(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nhmap: Dict = {}\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname: str = hmap[15937]\n# \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap.pop(10583)\n</code></pre> hash_map.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nhmap := make(map[int]string)\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname := hmap[15937]\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\ndelete(hmap, 10583)\n</code></pre> hash_map.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new ArrayHashMap();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new Map&lt;number, string&gt;();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\nconsole.info('\\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -&gt; Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\nconsole.info('\\n\u8f93\u5165\u5b66\u53f7 15937 \uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u59d3\u540d ' + name);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\nconsole.info('\\n\u5220\u9664 10583 \u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -&gt; Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n</code></pre> hash_map.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n</code></pre> hash_map.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nDictionary&lt;int, String&gt; map = new ();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.Add(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\");\nmap.Add(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\");\nmap.Add(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\");\nmap.Add(13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\");\nmap.Add(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\");\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map[15937];\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.Remove(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvar map: [Int: String] = [:]\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map[15937]!\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.removeValue(forKey: 10583)\n</code></pre> hash_map.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> hash_map.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap&lt;int, String&gt; map = {};\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map[15937];\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u904d\u5386\u952e\u548c\u904d\u5386\u503c\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map.java<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor (Map.Entry &lt;Integer, String&gt; kv: map.entrySet()) {\nSystem.out.println(kv.getKey() + \" -&gt; \" + kv.getValue());\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor (int key: map.keySet()) {\nSystem.out.println(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor (String val: map.values()) {\nSystem.out.println(val);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.cpp<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor (auto kv: map) {\ncout &lt;&lt; kv.first &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; kv.second &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor (auto key: map) {\ncout &lt;&lt; key.first &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor (auto val: map) {\ncout &lt;&lt; val.second &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.py<pre><code># \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n# \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor key, value in hmap.items():\nprint(key, \"-&gt;\", value)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key in hmap.keys():\nprint(key)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor value in hmap.values():\nprint(value)\n</code></pre> hash_map_test.go<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor key, value := range hmap {\nfmt.Println(key, \"-&gt;\", value)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key := range hmap {\nfmt.Println(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor _, value := range hmap {\nfmt.Println(value)\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.js<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\nconsole.info(k + ' -&gt; ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\nconsole.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\nconsole.info(v);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.ts<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\nconsole.info(k + ' -&gt; ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\nconsole.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\nconsole.info(v);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n</code></pre> hash_map.cs<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value\nforeach (var kv in map) {\nConsole.WriteLine(kv.Key + \" -&gt; \" + kv.Value);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nforeach (int key in map.Keys) {\nConsole.WriteLine(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nforeach (String val in map.Values) {\nConsole.WriteLine(val);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.swift<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value\nfor (key, value) in map {\nprint(\"\\(key) -&gt; \\(value)\")\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nfor key in map.keys {\nprint(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nfor value in map.values {\nprint(value)\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> hash_map.dart<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value\nmap.forEach((key, value) {\nprint('$key -&gt; $value');\n});\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nmap.keys.forEach((key) {\nprint(key);\n});\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nmap.values.forEach((value) {\nprint(value);\n});\n</code></pre> hash_map.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#612","title":"6.1.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6876 bucket\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u5230 <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6876\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6 <code>value</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e <code>key</code> \u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash function\u300d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u8be5 <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash()</code> \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5bf9\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09<code>capacity</code> \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5 <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 <code>index</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <pre><code>index = hash(key) % capacity\n</code></pre> <p>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 <code>index</code> \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6 <code>value</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 <code>capacity = 100</code> \u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash(key) = key</code> \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a <code>key % 100</code> \u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u4ee5 <code>key</code> \u5b66\u53f7\u548c <code>value</code> \u59d3\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 <code>key</code> \u548c <code>value</code> \u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b <code>Pair</code> \uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_hash_map.java<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\npublic int key;\npublic String val;\npublic Pair(int key, String val) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate List&lt;Pair&gt; buckets;\npublic ArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {\nbuckets.add(null);\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nint index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic String get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nPair pair = buckets.get(index);\nif (pair == null)\nreturn null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, String val) {\nPair pair = new Pair(key, val);\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nbuckets.set(index, pair);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nbuckets.set(index, null);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npublic List&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet() {\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\npairSet.add(pair);\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; keySet() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; keySet = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nkeySet.add(pair.key);\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npublic List&lt;String&gt; valueSet() {\nList&lt;String&gt; valueSet = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nvalueSet.add(pair.val);\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nfor (Pair kv : pairSet()) {\nSystem.out.println(kv.key + \" -&gt; \" + kv.val);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.cpp<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nstruct Pair {\npublic:\nint key;\nstring val;\nPair(int key, string val) {\nthis-&gt;key = key;\nthis-&gt;val = val;\n}\n};\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate:\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; buckets;\npublic:\nArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets = vector&lt;Pair *&gt;(100);\n}\n~ArrayHashMap() {\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfor (const auto &amp;bucket : buckets) {\ndelete bucket;\n}\nbuckets.clear();\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nint index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nstring get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nPair *pair = buckets[index];\nif (pair == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\nreturn pair-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, string val) {\nPair *pair = new Pair(key, val);\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nbuckets[index] = pair;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u7f6e\u4e3a nullptr\ndelete buckets[index];\nbuckets[index] = nullptr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; pairSet() {\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; pairSet;\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\npairSet.push_back(pair);\n}\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nvector&lt;int&gt; keySet() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; keySet;\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\nkeySet.push_back(pair-&gt;key);\n}\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nvector&lt;string&gt; valueSet() {\nvector&lt;string&gt; valueSet;\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\nvalueSet.push_back(pair-&gt;val);\n}\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (Pair *kv : pairSet()) {\ncout &lt;&lt; kv-&gt;key &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; kv-&gt;val &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.py<pre><code>class Pair:\n\"\"\"\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, key: int, val: str):\nself.key = key\nself.val = val\nclass ArrayHashMap:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nself.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * 100\ndef hash_func(self, key: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nindex = key % 100\nreturn index\ndef get(self, key: int) -&gt; str:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex: int = self.hash_func(key)\npair: Pair = self.buckets[index]\nif pair is None:\nreturn None\nreturn pair.val\ndef put(self, key: int, val: str):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\npair = Pair(key, val)\nindex: int = self.hash_func(key)\nself.buckets[index] = pair\ndef remove(self, key: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex: int = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nself.buckets[index] = None\ndef entry_set(self) -&gt; list[Pair]:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\nresult: list[Pair] = []\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nresult.append(pair)\nreturn result\ndef key_set(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\"\"\"\nresult = []\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nresult.append(pair.key)\nreturn result\ndef value_set(self) -&gt; list[str]:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\"\"\"\nresult = []\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nresult.append(pair.val)\nreturn result\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nprint(pair.key, \"-&gt;\", pair.val)\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.go<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\ntype pair struct {\nkey int\nval string\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype arrayHashMap struct {\nbuckets []*pair\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc newArrayHashMap() *arrayHashMap {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets := make([]*pair, 100)\nreturn &amp;arrayHashMap{buckets: buckets}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) hashFunc(key int) int {\nindex := key % 100\nreturn index\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) get(key int) string {\nindex := a.hashFunc(key)\npair := a.buckets[index]\nif pair == nil {\nreturn \"Not Found\"\n}\nreturn pair.val\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) put(key int, val string) {\npair := &amp;pair{key: key, val: val}\nindex := a.hashFunc(key)\na.buckets[index] = pair\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) remove(key int) {\nindex := a.hashFunc(key)\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\na.buckets[index] = nil\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u5bf9 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) pairSet() []*pair {\nvar pairs []*pair\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\npairs = append(pairs, pair)\n}\n}\nreturn pairs\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) keySet() []int {\nvar keys []int\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\nkeys = append(keys, pair.key)\n}\n}\nreturn keys\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) valueSet() []string {\nvar values []string\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\nvalues = append(values, pair.val)\n}\n}\nreturn values\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) print() {\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\nfmt.Println(pair.key, \"-&gt;\", pair.val)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.js<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -&gt; String */\nclass Pair {\nconstructor(key, val) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n#buckets;\nconstructor() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nthis.#buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key) {\nreturn key % 100;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key) {\nlet index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nlet pair = this.#buckets[index];\nif (pair === null) return null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nset(key, val) {\nlet index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nthis.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\ndelete(key) {\nlet index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nthis.#buckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nentries() {\nlet arr = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.#buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.#buckets[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nkeys() {\nlet arr = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.#buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.#buckets[i].key);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nvalues() {\nlet arr = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.#buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.#buckets[i].val);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint() {\nlet pairSet = this.entries();\nfor (const pair of pairSet) {\nif (!pair) continue;\nconsole.info(`${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}`);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.ts<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -&gt; String */\nclass Pair {\npublic key: number;\npublic val: string;\nconstructor(key: number, val: string) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate readonly buckets: (Pair | null)[];\nconstructor() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nthis.buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate hashFunc(key: number): number {\nreturn key % 100;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic get(key: number): string | null {\nlet index = this.hashFunc(key);\nlet pair = this.buckets[index];\nif (pair === null) return null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic set(key: number, val: string) {\nlet index = this.hashFunc(key);\nthis.buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic delete(key: number) {\nlet index = this.hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nthis.buckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npublic entries(): (Pair | null)[] {\nlet arr: (Pair | null)[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.buckets[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npublic keys(): (number | undefined)[] {\nlet arr: (number | undefined)[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.buckets[i].key);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npublic values(): (string | undefined)[] {\nlet arr: (string | undefined)[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.buckets[i].val);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic print() {\nlet pairSet = this.entries();\nfor (const pair of pairSet) {\nif (!pair) continue;\nconsole.info(`${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}`);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.c<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int-&gt;string */\nstruct pair {\nint key;\nchar *val;\n};\ntypedef struct pair pair;\n[class]{arrayHashMap}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.cs<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int-&gt;string */\nclass Pair {\npublic int key;\npublic string val;\npublic Pair(int key, string val) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate List&lt;Pair?&gt; buckets;\npublic ArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(null);\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nint index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic string? get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nPair? pair = buckets[index];\nif (pair == null) return null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, string val) {\nPair pair = new Pair(key, val);\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nbuckets[index] = pair;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nbuckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npublic List&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet() {\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet = new();\nforeach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\npairSet.Add(pair);\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; keySet() {\nList&lt;int&gt; keySet = new();\nforeach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nkeySet.Add(pair.key);\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npublic List&lt;string&gt; valueSet() {\nList&lt;string&gt; valueSet = new();\nforeach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nvalueSet.Add(pair.val);\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nforeach (Pair kv in pairSet()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(kv.key + \" -&gt; \" + kv.val);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.swift<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\nvar key: Int\nvar val: String\ninit(key: Int, val: String) {\nself.key = key\nself.val = val\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate var buckets: [Pair?] = []\ninit() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; 100 {\nbuckets.append(nil)\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate func hashFunc(key: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet index = key % 100\nreturn index\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc get(key: Int) -&gt; String? {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet pair = buckets[index]\nreturn pair?.val\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc put(key: Int, val: String) {\nlet pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nbuckets[index] = pair\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc remove(key: Int) {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nbuckets[index] = nil\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nfunc pairSet() -&gt; [Pair] {\nvar pairSet: [Pair] = []\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair = pair {\npairSet.append(pair)\n}\n}\nreturn pairSet\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nfunc keySet() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar keySet: [Int] = []\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair = pair {\nkeySet.append(pair.key)\n}\n}\nreturn keySet\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nfunc valueSet() -&gt; [String] {\nvar valueSet: [String] = []\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair = pair {\nvalueSet.append(pair.val)\n}\n}\nreturn valueSet\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc print() {\nfor pair in pairSet() {\nSwift.print(\"\\(pair.key) -&gt; \\(pair.val)\")\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.zig<pre><code>// \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nconst Pair = struct {\nkey: usize = undefined,\nval: []const u8 = undefined,\npub fn init(key: usize, val: []const u8) Pair {\nreturn Pair {\n.key = key,\n.val = val,\n};\n}\n};\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn ArrayHashMap(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nbucket: ?std.ArrayList(?T) = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,\nconst Self = @This();\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nself.mem_allocator = allocator;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 100 \u7684\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nself.bucket = std.ArrayList(?T).init(self.mem_allocator);\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; 100) : (i += 1) {\ntry self.bucket.?.append(null);\n}\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.bucket != null) self.bucket.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\nfn hashFunc(key: usize) usize {\nvar index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n// \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn get(self: *Self, key: usize) []const u8 {\nvar index = hashFunc(key);\nvar pair = self.bucket.?.items[index];\nreturn pair.?.val;\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn put(self: *Self, key: usize, val: []const u8) !void {\nvar pair = Pair.init(key, val);\nvar index = hashFunc(key);\nself.bucket.?.items[index] = pair;\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn remove(self: *Self, key: usize) !void {\nvar index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nself.bucket.?.items[index] = null;\n}       // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\npub fn pairSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(T) {\nvar entry_set = std.ArrayList(T).init(self.mem_allocator);\nfor (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\nif (item == null) continue;\ntry entry_set.append(item.?);\n}\nreturn entry_set;\n}  // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\npub fn keySet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(usize) {\nvar key_set = std.ArrayList(usize).init(self.mem_allocator);\nfor (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\nif (item == null) continue;\ntry key_set.append(item.?.key);\n}\nreturn key_set;\n}  // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\npub fn valueSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList([]const u8) {\nvar value_set = std.ArrayList([]const u8).init(self.mem_allocator);\nfor (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\nif (item == null) continue;\ntry value_set.append(item.?.val);\n}\nreturn value_set;\n}\n// \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\npub fn print(self: *Self) !void {\nvar entry_set = try self.pairSet();\ndefer entry_set.deinit();\nfor (entry_set.items) |item| {\nstd.debug.print(\"{} -&gt; {s}\\n\", .{item.key, item.val});\n}\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.dart<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\nint key;\nString val;\nPair(this.key, this.val);\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nlate List&lt;Pair?&gt; _buckets;\nArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n_buckets = List.filled(100, null);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint _hashFunc(int key) {\nfinal int index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString? get(int key) {\nfinal int index = _hashFunc(key);\nfinal Pair? pair = _buckets[index];\nif (pair == null) {\nreturn null;\n}\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\nfinal Pair pair = Pair(key, val);\nfinal int index = _hashFunc(key);\n_buckets[index] = pair;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nfinal int index = _hashFunc(key);\n_buckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet() {\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet = [];\nfor (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\npairSet.add(pair);\n}\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nList&lt;int&gt; keySet() {\nList&lt;int&gt; keySet = [];\nfor (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nkeySet.add(pair.key);\n}\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nList&lt;String&gt; values() {\nList&lt;String&gt; valueSet = [];\nfor (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nvalueSet.add(pair.val);\n}\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid printHashMap() {\nfor (final Pair kv in pairSet()) {\nprint(\"${kv.key} -&gt; ${kv.val}\");\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.rs<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npub struct Pair {\npub key: i32,\npub val: String,\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub struct ArrayHashMap {\nbuckets: Vec&lt;Option&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;\n}\nimpl ArrayHashMap {\npub fn new() -&gt; ArrayHashMap {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nSelf { buckets: vec![None; 100] }\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn hash_func(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; usize {\nkey as usize % 100\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn get(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;String&gt; {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nself.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &amp;pair.val)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn put(&amp;mut self, key: i32, val: &amp;str) {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nself.buckets[index] = Some(Pair {\nkey,\nval: val.to_string(),\n});\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn remove(&amp;mut self, key: i32) {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nself.buckets[index] = None;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npub fn entry_set(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;&amp;Pair&gt; {\nself.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref()).collect()\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npub fn key_set(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;&amp;i32&gt; {\nself.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &amp;pair.key)).collect()\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npub fn value_set(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;&amp;String&gt; {\nself.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &amp;pair.val)).collect()\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub fn print(&amp;self) {\nfor pair in self.entry_set() {\nprintln!(\"{} -&gt; {}\", pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#613","title":"6.1.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6269\u5bb9","text":"<p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709 <code>key</code> \u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u76f8\u540c\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684 <code>key</code> \u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u53f7\u4e3a 12836 \u548c 20336 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\uff1a</p> <pre><code>12836 % 100 = 36\n20336 % 100 = 36\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 hash collision\u300d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a <code>key</code> \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u524d\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 <code>(136, A)</code> \u548c <code>(236, D)</code> \u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 </p> <p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf <code>capacity</code> \u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 load factor\u300d\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(0.75\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u539f\u5148\u7684 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/","title":"6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u67e5\u8be2\u5230 <code>value</code> \uff0c\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 <code>key</code> \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u6876\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6 <code>value</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 <code>key</code> \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u89e6\u53d1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002</li> <li>\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava \u7684 <code>HashMap</code> \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c Python \u7684 <code>Dict</code> \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u548c\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA3 \u7b49\u3002MD5 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6821\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0cSHA-2 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u3002</li> <li>\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/#641-q-a","title":"6.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86</p> <p>\u5728 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c</p> <p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u66f4\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002</p> <p>\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5417\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u3002\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u548c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 <code>key</code> \u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u957f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8df3\u51fa\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d6\u4f59\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u843d\u5165\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u539f\u5148\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u591a\u4e2a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/","title":"\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5806\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5c71\u5ddd\u7684\u5cf0\u5ce6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c42\u53e0\u8d77\u4f0f\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u5404\u5f02\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c71\u5cf0\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0\u603b\u662f\u6700\u5148\u6620\u5165\u773c\u5e18\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>8.1 \u00a0 \u5806</li> <li>8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c</li> <li>8.3 \u00a0 Top-K \u95ee\u9898</li> <li>8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/","title":"8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#821","title":"8.2.1 \u00a0 \u501f\u52a9\u5165\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5165\u5806\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log{n})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#822","title":"8.2.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u5806\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u987b\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List&lt;Integer&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(nums);\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = parent(size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(vector&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = nums;\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = parent(size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def __init__(self, nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\"\"\"\n# \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nself.max_heap = nums\n# \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in range(self.parent(self.size() - 1), -1, -1):\nself.sift_down(i)\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nfunc newMaxHeap(nums []any) *maxHeap {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nh := &amp;maxHeap{data: nums}\nfor i := len(h.data) - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nh.siftDown(i)\n}\nreturn h\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nthis.#maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = this.#parent(this.size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nthis.#siftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums?: number[]) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nthis.maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = this.parent(this.size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nthis.siftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nmaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nmaxHeap *h = (maxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(maxHeap));\nh-&gt;size = size;\nmemcpy(h-&gt;data, nums, size * sizeof(int));\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nsiftDown(h, i);\n}\nreturn h;\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(IEnumerable&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = new List&lt;int&gt;(nums);\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nvar size = parent(this.size() - 1);\nfor (int i = size; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\ninit(nums: [Int]) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = nums\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {\nsiftDown(i: i)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\nfn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []const T) !void {\nif (self.max_heap != null) return;\nself.max_heap = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\ntry self.max_heap.?.appendSlice(nums);\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nvar i: usize = parent(self.size() - 1) + 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\ntry self.siftDown(i - 1);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n_maxHeap = nums;\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = _parent(size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nfn new(nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;) -&gt; Self {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nlet mut heap = MaxHeap { max_heap: nums };\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in (0..=Self::parent(heap.size() - 1)).rev() {\nheap.sift_down(i);\n}\nheap\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#823","title":"8.2.3 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u63a8\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(/\\) \u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n - 1)/2\\) \uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u591a\u5806\u5316\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5efa\u5806\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u9876\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u8bbe\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff08\u5373\u5806\uff09\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5806\u5316\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u8ddd\u79bb\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf </p> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(\\times\\) \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5806\u5316\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002</p> \\[ T(h) = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\cdots + 2^{(h-1)}\\times1 \\] <p>\u5316\u7b80\u4e0a\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5217\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5148\u5bf9 \\(T(h)\\) \u4e58\u4ee5 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) &amp; = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\cdots + 2^{h-1}\\times1 \\newline 2 T(h) &amp; = 2^1h + 2^2(h-1) + 2^3(h-2) + \\cdots + 2^{h}\\times1 \\newline \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u4f4d\u76f8\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e0b\u5f0f \\(2 T(h)\\) \u51cf\u53bb\u4e0a\u5f0f \\(T(h)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u5f97</p> \\[ 2T(h) - T(h) = T(h) = -2^0h + 2^1 + 2^2 + \\cdots + 2^{h-1} + 2^h \\] <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 \\(T(h)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u6bd4\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6c42\u548c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) &amp; = 2 \\frac{1 - 2^h}{1 - 2} - h \\newline &amp; = 2^{h+1} - h - 2 \\newline &amp; = O(2^h) \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n = 2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^h) = O(n)\\) \u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/","title":"8.1 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"<p>\u300c\u5806 heap\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u300c\u5927\u9876\u5806 max heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\geq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806 min heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\leq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u4e0e\u5927\u9876\u5806 </p> <p>\u5806\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5e95\u5c42\u6700\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u5e95\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff09\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5373\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u503c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#811","title":"8.1.1 \u00a0 \u5806\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u300c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217 priority queue\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u961f\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u987a\u5e8f\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u201d\u770b\u4f5c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u505a\u7279\u522b\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5806\u201c\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002</p> <p>\u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c1\u4e0b\u8868\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u5806\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) pop() \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5927 / \u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6700\u5927 / \u5c0f\u503c\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) size() \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf \\(O(1)\\) isEmpty() \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5806\u7c7b\uff08\u6216\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff09\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust heap.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; minHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; maxHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;((a, b) -&gt; b - a);\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.offer(1);\nmaxHeap.offer(3);\nmaxHeap.offer(2);\nmaxHeap.offer(5);\nmaxHeap.offer(4);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.peek(); // 5\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = heap.poll();  // 5\npeek = heap.poll();  // 4\npeek = heap.poll();  // 3\npeek = heap.poll();  // 2\npeek = heap.poll();  // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 5, 4));\n</code></pre> heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; minHeap;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, less&lt;int&gt;&gt; maxHeap;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.push(1);\nmaxHeap.push(3);\nmaxHeap.push(2);\nmaxHeap.push(5);\nmaxHeap.push(4);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.top(); // 5\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 5\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 4\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 3\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 2\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.empty();\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; input{1, 3, 2, 5, 4};\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; minHeap(input.begin(), input.end());\n</code></pre> heap.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nmin_heap, flag = [], 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nmax_heap, flag = [], -1\n# Python \u7684 heapq \u6a21\u5757\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n# \u8003\u8651\u5c06\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u8d1f\u201d\u540e\u518d\u5165\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u98a0\u5012\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u9876\u5806\n# \u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cflag = 1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0cflag = -1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5927\u9876\u5806\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 1)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 3)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 2)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 5)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 4)\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = flag * max_heap[0] # 5\n# \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\n# \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 5\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 4\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 3\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 2\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 1\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\nsize: int = len(max_heap)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = not max_heap\n# \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\nmin_heap: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\nheapq.heapify(min_heap)\n</code></pre> heap.go<pre><code>// Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6574\u6570\u5927\u9876\u5806\n// \u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0 sort.Interface\ntype intHeap []any\n// Push heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a8\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u5806\nfunc (h *intHeap) Push(x any) {\n// Push \u548c Pop \u4f7f\u7528 pointer receiver \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\n// \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5207\u7247\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5207\u7247\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\n*h = append(*h, x.(int))\n}\n// Pop heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f39\u51fa\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Pop() any {\n// \u5f85\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6700\u540e\nlast := (*h)[len(*h)-1]\n*h = (*h)[:len(*h)-1]\nreturn last\n}\n// Len sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Len() int {\nreturn len(*h)\n}\n// Less sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {\n// \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7\nreturn (*h)[i].(int) &gt; (*h)[j].(int)\n}\n// Swap sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Swap(i, j int) {\n(*h)[i], (*h)[j] = (*h)[j], (*h)[i]\n}\n// Top \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Top() any {\nreturn (*h)[0]\n}\n/* Driver Code */\nfunc TestHeap(t *testing.T) {\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nmaxHeap := &amp;intHeap{}\nheap.Init(maxHeap)\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\n// \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 1)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 3)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 2)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 4)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 5)\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\ntop := maxHeap.Top()\nfmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a %d\\n\", top)\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u79fb\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 5\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 4\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 3\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 2\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nsize := len(*maxHeap)\nfmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a %d\\n\", size)\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := len(*maxHeap) == 0\nfmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a %t\\n\", isEmpty)\n}\n</code></pre> heap.js<pre><code>// JavaScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.ts<pre><code>// TypeScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; minHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; maxHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;(Comparer&lt;int&gt;.Create((x, y) =&gt; y - x));\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(1, 1);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(3, 3);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(2, 2);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(5, 5);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(4, 4);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.Peek();//5\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 5\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 4\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 3\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 2\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.Count == 0;\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;(new List&lt;(int, int)&gt; { (1, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 5), (4, 4), });\n</code></pre> heap.swift<pre><code>// Swift \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> heap.dart<pre><code>// Dart \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#812","title":"8.1.2 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e0b\u6587\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u53d6\u9006\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06 \\(\\geq\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(\\leq\\) \uff09\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \uff0c\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((i - 1) / 2\\)\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5806\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8 </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def left(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 1\ndef right(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 2\ndef parent(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn (i - 1) // 2  # \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) left(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) right(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) parent(i int) int {\n// \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\nreturn (i - 1) / 2\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#left(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#right(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#parent(i) {\nreturn Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i: number): number {\nreturn Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc left(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc right(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc parent(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n(i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\nfn left(i: usize) usize {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\nfn right(i: usize) usize {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\nfn parent(i: usize) usize {\n// return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\nreturn @divFloor(i - 1, 2);\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) ~/ 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn left(i: usize) -&gt; usize {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn right(i: usize) -&gt; usize {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn parent(i: usize) -&gt; usize {\n(i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn maxHeap.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nreturn self.max_heap[0]\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) peek() any {\nreturn h.data[0]\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nreturn this.#maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nreturn this.maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(maxHeap *h) {\nreturn h-&gt;data[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nmaxHeap[0]\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfn peek(self: *Self) T {\nreturn self.max_heap.?.items[0];\n}  </code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn _maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;i32&gt; {\nself.max_heap.first().copied()\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 <code>val</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u5e95\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e val \u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u4ece\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5806\u5316 heapify\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u5165\u5806\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u4fee\u590d\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u8bbe\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8f6e\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.add(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || maxHeap.get(i) &lt;= maxHeap.get(p))\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.push_back(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || maxHeap[i] &lt;= maxHeap[p])\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def push(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\"\"\"\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nself.max_heap.append(val)\n# \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_up(self.size() - 1)\ndef sift_up(self, i: int):\n\"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\nwhile True:\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\np = self.parent(i)\n# \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif p &lt; 0 or self.max_heap[i] &lt;= self.max_heap[p]:\nbreak\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, p)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) push(val any) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nh.data = append(h.data, val)\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nh.siftUp(len(h.data) - 1)\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftUp(i int) {\nfor true {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\np := h.parent(i)\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif p &lt; 0 || h.data[i].(int) &lt;= h.data[p].(int) {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nh.swap(i, p)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#maxHeap.push(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nthis.#siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftUp(i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nconst p = this.#parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || this.#maxHeap[i] &lt;= this.#maxHeap[p]) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val: number): void {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nthis.maxHeap.push(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nthis.siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftUp(i: number): void {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nconst p = this.parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || this.maxHeap[i] &lt;= this.maxHeap[p]) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(maxHeap *h, int val) {\n// \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8282\u70b9\nif (h-&gt;size == MAX_SIZE) {\nprintf(\"heap is full!\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nh-&gt;data[h-&gt;size] = val;\nh-&gt;size++;\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(h, h-&gt;size - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(h, i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || h-&gt;data[i] &lt;= h-&gt;data[p]) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(h, i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.Add(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(i);\n// \u82e5\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || maxHeap[i] &lt;= maxHeap[p])\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc push(val: Int) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.append(val)\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(i: size() - 1)\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftUp(i: Int) {\nvar i = i\nwhile true {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nlet p = parent(i: i)\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif p &lt; 0 || maxHeap[i] &lt;= maxHeap[p] {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i: i, j: p)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfn push(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\ntry self.max_heap.?.append(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\ntry self.siftUp(self.size() - 1);\n}  // \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nfn siftUp(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\nvar i = i_;\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nvar p = parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 or self.max_heap.?.items[i] &lt;= self.max_heap.?.items[p]) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\ntry self.swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n_maxHeap.add(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = _parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || _maxHeap[i] &lt;= _maxHeap[p]) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n_swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfn push(&amp;mut self, val: i32) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nself.max_heap.push(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_up(self.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_up(&amp;mut self, mut i: usize) {\nloop {\n// \u8282\u70b9 i \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5806\u9876\u8282\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif i == 0 {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nlet p = Self::parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif self.max_heap[i] &lt;= self.max_heap[p] {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806","text":"<p>\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5217\u8868\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u5316\u4fee\u590d\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4ea4\u6362\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5806\u5e95\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(0, size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap.get(l) &gt; maxHeap.get(ma))\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap.get(r) &gt; maxHeap.get(ma))\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nvoid pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (empty()) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.pop_back();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[l] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[r] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\nswap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\"\"\"\n# \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nself.swap(0, self.size() - 1)\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nval = self.max_heap.pop()\n# \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_down(0)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val\ndef sift_down(self, i: int):\n\"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\nwhile True:\n# \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nl, r, ma = self.left(i), self.right(i), i\nif l &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap[l] &gt; self.max_heap[ma]:\nma = l\nif r &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap[r] &gt; self.max_heap[ma]:\nma = r\n# \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i:\nbreak\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, ma)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) pop() any {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif h.isEmpty() {\nfmt.Println(\"error\")\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nh.swap(0, h.size()-1)\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nval := h.data[len(h.data)-1]\nh.data = h.data[:len(h.data)-1]\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nh.siftDown(0)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftDown(i int) {\nfor true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\nl, r, max := h.left(i), h.right(i), i\nif l &lt; h.size() &amp;&amp; h.data[l].(int) &gt; h.data[max].(int) {\nmax = l\n}\nif r &lt; h.size() &amp;&amp; h.data[r].(int) &gt; h.data[max].(int) {\nmax = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif max == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nh.swap(i, max)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = max\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nthis.#swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nconst val = this.#maxHeap.pop();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nthis.#siftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftDown(i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nconst l = this.#left(i),\nr = this.#right(i);\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.#maxHeap[l] &gt; this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.#maxHeap[r] &gt; this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop(): number {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new RangeError('Heap is empty.');\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nthis.swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nconst val = this.maxHeap.pop();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nthis.siftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftDown(i: number): void {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nconst l = this.left(i),\nr = this.right(i);\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.maxHeap[l] &gt; this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.maxHeap[r] &gt; this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop(maxHeap *h) {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty(h)) {\nprintf(\"heap is empty!\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(h, 0, size(h) - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = h-&gt;data[h-&gt;size - 1];\nh-&gt;size--;\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(h, 0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\nint l = left(h, i);\nint r = right(h, i);\nint max = i;\nif (l &lt; size(h) &amp;&amp; h-&gt;data[l] &gt; h-&gt;data[max]) {\nmax = l;\n}\nif (r &lt; size(h) &amp;&amp; h-&gt;data[r] &gt; h-&gt;data[max]) {\nmax = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (max == i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(h, i, max);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = max;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(0, size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = maxHeap.Last();\nmaxHeap.RemoveAt(size() - 1);\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[l] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[r] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u201c\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nlet val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(i: 0)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(i: Int) {\nvar i = i\nwhile true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = left(i: i)\nlet r = right(i: i)\nvar ma = i\nif l &lt; size(), maxHeap[l] &gt; maxHeap[ma] {\nma = l\n}\nif r &lt; size(), maxHeap[r] &gt; maxHeap[ma] {\nma = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i: i, j: ma)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\nfn pop(self: *Self) !T {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u5904\u7406\nif (self.isEmpty()) unreachable;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\ntry self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nvar val = self.max_heap.?.pop();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\ntry self.siftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n} // \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nfn siftDown(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\nvar i = i_;\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nvar l = left(i);\nvar r = right(i);\nvar ma = i;\nif (l &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[l] &gt; self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[r] &gt; self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\ntry self.swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty()) throw Exception('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n_swap(0, size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = _maxHeap.removeLast();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = _left(i);\nint r = _right(i);\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; _maxHeap[l] &gt; _maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; _maxHeap[r] &gt; _maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n_swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif self.is_empty() {\npanic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nself.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nlet val = self.max_heap.remove(self.size() - 1);\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_down(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nval\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(&amp;mut self, mut i: usize) {\nloop {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet (l, r, mut ma) = (Self::left(i), Self::right(i), i);\nif l &lt; self.size() &amp;&amp; self.max_heap[l] &gt; self.max_heap[ma] {\nma = l;\n}\nif r &lt; self.size() &amp;&amp; self.max_heap[r] &gt; self.max_heap[ma] {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#813","title":"8.1.3 \u00a0 \u5806\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u9996\u9009\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7ae0\u8282\u3002</li> <li>\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u70ed\u5ea6\u524d 10 \u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fae\u535a\u70ed\u641c\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u9500\u91cf\u524d 10 \u7684\u5546\u54c1\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/","title":"8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5927\u9876\u5806\u548c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u9876\u5806\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u961f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3001\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002</li> <li>\u8f93\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</li> <li>Top-K \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9ad8\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/#841-q-a","title":"8.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u78b0\u5de7\u90fd\u53eb\u5806\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6808\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u548c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/","title":"8.3 \u00a0 Top-K \u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u524d \\(k\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5806\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#831","title":"8.3.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c \\(k\\) \u8f6e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(\\cdots\\) , \\(k\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nk)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\(k \\ll n\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 </p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u5f53 \\(k = n\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#832","title":"8.3.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u8d85\u989d\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#833","title":"8.3.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u5806","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3 Top-K \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5176\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u5165\u5806\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u7b2c \\(k + 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u3002</li> <li>\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 </p> <p>\u603b\u5171\u6267\u884c\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust top_k.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; topKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; heap = new PriorityQueue&lt;Integer&gt;();\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nheap.offer(nums[i]);\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.peek()) {\nheap.poll();\nheap.offer(nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; topKHeap(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int k) {\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; heap;\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nheap.push(nums[i]);\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.size(); i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.top()) {\nheap.pop();\nheap.push(nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.py<pre><code>def top_k_heap(nums: list[int], k: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nheap = []\n# \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor i in range(k):\nheapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\n# \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor i in range(k, len(nums)):\n# \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif nums[i] &gt; heap[0]:\nheapq.heappop(heap)\nheapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\nreturn heap\n</code></pre> top_k.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums []int, k int) *minHeap {\nh := &amp;minHeap{}\nheap.Init(h)\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor i := 0; i &lt; k; i++ {\nheap.Push(h, nums[i])\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor i := k; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif nums[i] &gt; h.Top().(int) {\nheap.Pop(h)\nheap.Push(h, nums[i])\n}\n}\nreturn h\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; topKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; heap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;();\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nheap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.Peek()) {\nheap.Dequeue();\nheap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums: [Int], k: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nvar heap = Array(nums.prefix(k))\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor i in stride(from: k, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif nums[i] &gt; heap.first! {\nheap.removeFirst()\nheap.insert(nums[i], at: 0)\n}\n}\nreturn heap\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nMinHeap topKHeap(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int k) {\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nMinHeap heap = MinHeap(nums.sublist(0, k));\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.peek()) {\nheap.pop();\nheap.push(nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn top_k_heap(nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, k: usize) -&gt; BinaryHeap&lt;Reverse&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\n// Rust \u7684 BinaryHeap \u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Reverse \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\u53cd\u8f6c\nlet mut heap = BinaryHeap::&lt;Reverse&lt;i32&gt;&gt;::new();\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor &amp;num in nums.iter().take(k) {\nheap.push(Reverse(num));\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor &amp;num in nums.iter().skip(k) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif num &gt; heap.peek().unwrap().0 {\nheap.pop();\nheap.push(Reverse(num));\n}\n}\nheap\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/","title":"\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u521d\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c11\u5973\u7fe9\u7fe9\u8d77\u821e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u88d9\u6446\u4e0a\u98d8\u626c\u7740\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002</p> <p>\u5979\u9080\u8bf7\u4f60\u5171\u821e\uff0c\u8bf7\u7d27\u8ddf\u5979\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u8e0f\u5165\u5145\u6ee1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u7f8e\u611f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e16\u754c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728</li> <li>1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48</li> <li>1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/","title":"1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728","text":"<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u4eab\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u67e5\u9605\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6309\u7167\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u7ffb\u5f00\u5b57\u5178\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u9875\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d \\(r\\) \u4f4d\u4e8e \\(m\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>1.</code> \u548c \u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u9875\u7801\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u67e5\u9605\u5b57\u5178\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff1b\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6253\u724c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c40\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u201d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6700\u5de6 1 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6700\u5de6 2 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c06\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6251\u514b\u724c\u90fd\u6709\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6251\u514b\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u724c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u4e09\uff1a\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8d85\u5e02\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86 \\(69\\) \u5143\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u7ed9\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u4ed8\u4e86 \\(100\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5219\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u9700\u8981\u627e\u6211\u4eec \\(31\\) \u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u662f\u6bd4 \\(31\\) \u5143\u9762\u503c\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \\(1\\) \u5143\u3001\\(5\\) \u5143\u3001\\(10\\) \u5143\u3001\\(20\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(20\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(31 - 20 = 11\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(10\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(11 - 10 = 1\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(1\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(1 - 1 = 0\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u5b8c\u6210\u627e\u96f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a \\(20 + 10 + 1 = 31\\) \u5143\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5927\u9762\u989d\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u627e\u96f6\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u5c0f\u5230\u70f9\u996a\u4e00\u9053\u83dc\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u661f\u9645\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528 CPU \u548c GPU \u6267\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u9605\u8bfb\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6bbf\u5802\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/summary/","title":"1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u9ad8\u6df1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u9605\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002</li> <li>\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002</li> <li>\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u53d1\u6325\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/","title":"1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48","text":""},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#121","title":"1.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"<p>\u300c\u7b97\u6cd5 algorithm\u300d\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</li> <li>\u5404\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u59cb\u7ec8\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#122","title":"1.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"<p>\u300c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 data structure\u300d\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6743\u8861\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#123","title":"1.2.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb","text":"<p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3001\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u7279\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u96f6\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9644\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7ec4\u88c5\u51fa\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728 </p> <p>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6728 </p> \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5 \u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728 \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e \u672a\u62fc\u88c5\u7684\u79ef\u6728 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 \u79ef\u6728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49 \u7b97\u6cd5 \u628a\u79ef\u6728\u62fc\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e \u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f97\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u7b80\u79f0</p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684 LeetCode \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/","title":"\u7b2c 0 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u524d\u8a00","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u50cf\u97f5\u5f8b\u822c\u6d41\u6dcc\u3002</p> <p>\u613f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u8f7b\u8f7b\u54cd\u8d77\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66</li> <li>0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66</li> <li>0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/","title":"0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66","text":"<p>\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u65e8\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u65b0\u624b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5168\u4e66\u91c7\u7528\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5730\u8bb2\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7686\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u652f\u6301 Java, C++, Python, Go, JS, TS, C#, Swift, Zig \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u3002</li> <li>\u9f13\u52b1\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u7ae0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u533a\u4e92\u5e2e\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u65e5\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#011","title":"0.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61","text":"<p>\u82e5\u60a8\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5237\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u6a2a\u8df3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u60a8\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\uff01</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5237\u9898\u91cf\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u52a9\u60a8\u56de\u987e\u4e0e\u68b3\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed3\u5e93\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> <p>\u82e5\u60a8\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5927\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u6536\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6</p> <p>\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#012","title":"0.1.2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784","text":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6563\u5217\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u9898\u76ee\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#013","title":"0.1.3 \u00a0 \u81f4\u8c22","text":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u674e\u6c50\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7545\u8c08\u4e2d\u60a8\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u201c\u5feb\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u9996\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c0f\u767d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u4e66\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u65b0\u624b\u9605\u8bfb\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u817e\u5b9d\u3001\u7426\u5b9d\u3001\u98de\u5b9d\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u5927\u5bb6\u5199\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 \"Hello World!\" \u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u56de\u5fc6\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u82cf\u6f7c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u548c LOGO\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u4e0b\u591a\u6b21\u8010\u5fc3\u4fee\u6539\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22 @squidfunk \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6392\u7248\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee Material-for-MkDocs \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6559\u6750\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8303\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u611f\u8c22\u6240\u6709\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u524d\u8f88\u4eec\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff01</p> <p>\u672c\u4e66\u5021\u5bfc\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u6df1\u53d7\u300a\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u300b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5411\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u672c\u4f18\u79c0\u8457\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u8877\u5fc3\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5bcc\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u7684\u4e8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/","title":"0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66","text":"<p>Tip</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u901a\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#021","title":"0.2.1 \u00a0 \u884c\u6587\u98ce\u683c\u7ea6\u5b9a","text":"<ul> <li>\u6807\u9898\u540e\u6807\u6ce8 <code>*</code> \u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002</li> <li>\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u6709\u7279\u6307\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u53e5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>\u201c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u201d</code> \u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u91cd\u8981\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f1a\u7528 <code>\u300c \u300d</code> \u62ec\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d</code> \u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u3002</li> <li>\u52a0\u7c97\u7684\u6587\u5b57 \u8868\u793a\u91cd\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5747\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u672c\u4e66\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6392\u7248\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\"\"\"\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\"\"\"\n# \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\"\"\"\n\u591a\u884c\n\u6ce8\u91ca\n\"\"\"\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u591a\u884c\n// \u6ce8\u91ca\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#022","title":"0.2.2 \u00a0 \u5728\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u5b66\u4e60","text":"<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u56fe\u89e3\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b57\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8865\u5145\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u52a8\u753b\u6216\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u65b9\uff09\u4e3a\u8f85\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#023","title":"0.2.3 \u00a0 \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3","text":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u914d\u5957\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u6258\u7ba1\u5728 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u9644\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u53c2\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u884c\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8bf7\u81f3\u5c11\u901a\u8bfb\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5b66\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u7167\u9644\u5f55\u6559\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5219\u53ef\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5 Git \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u514b\u9686\u672c\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002</p> <pre><code>git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git\n</code></pre> <p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u70b9\u51fb\u201cDownload ZIP\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u89e3\u538b\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u514b\u9686\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801 </p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u9876\u90e8\u6807\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684 <code>codes</code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#024","title":"0.2.4 \u00a0 \u5728\u63d0\u95ee\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f","text":"<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u201c\u60ef\u7740\u201d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5b66\u660e\u767d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u63d0\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5c06\u7aed\u8bda\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u5929\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d\u3002</p> <p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u80fd\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u591a\u82b1\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u5bb6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u67e5\u6f0f\u8865\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6fc0\u53d1\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u80fd\u6177\u6168\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5206\u4eab\u60a8\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#025","title":"0.2.5 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf","text":"<p>\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u9014\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</li> <li>\u5237\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u70ed\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\u5f00\u5237\uff0c\u5982\u5251\u6307 Offer\u548cLeetCode Hot 100\uff0c\u5148\u79ef\u7d2f\u81f3\u5c11 100 \u9053\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u521d\u6b21\u5237\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9057\u5fd8\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u201c\u827e\u5bbe\u6d69\u65af\u9057\u5fd8\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8fdb\u884c 3-5 \u8f6e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u7262\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u3002</li> <li>\u642d\u5efa\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e30\u5bcc\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5237\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91c7\u7528\u8fdb\u9636\u5237\u9898\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u6309\u4e13\u9898\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u4e00\u9898\u591a\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u89e3\u591a\u9898\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5237\u9898\u5fc3\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u627e\u5230\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u672c\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6db5\u76d6\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/summary/","title":"0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u4f17\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u987e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e66\u5185\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</li> <li>\u4e66\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\u7c4d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c11\u8d70\u8bb8\u591a\u5f2f\u8def\u3002</li> <li>\u4e66\u5185\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u56fe\u89e3\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u3002</li> <li>\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e43\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u6572\u6253\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</li> <li>\u672c\u4e66\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u533a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u968f\u65f6\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u4e0e\u89c1\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_reference/","title":"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e","text":"<p>[1] Thomas H. Cormen, et al. Introduction to Algorithms (3<sup>rd</sup> Edition).</p> <p>[2] Aditya Bhargava. Grokking Algorithms: An Illustrated Guide for Programmers and Other Curious People (1<sup>st</sup> Edition).</p> <p>[3] \u4e25\u851a\u654f. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff09.</p> <p>[4] \u9093\u4fca\u8f89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C++ \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.</p> <p>[5] \u9a6c\u514b \u827e\u4f26 \u7ef4\u65af\u8457\uff0c\u9648\u8d8a\u8bd1. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff1aJava\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.</p> <p>[6] \u7a0b\u6770. \u5927\u8bdd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784.</p> <p>[7] \u738b\u4e89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7f8e.</p> <p>[8] Gayle Laakmann McDowell. Cracking the Coding Interview: 189 Programming Questions and Solutions (6<sup>th</sup> Edition). </p> <p>[9] Aston Zhang, et al. Dive into Deep Learning.</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/","title":"\u7b2c 10 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u904d\u795e\u79d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u9501\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u5bfb\u89c5\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u66fe\u6599\u60f3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e</li> <li>10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9</li> <li>10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c</li> <li>10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565</li> <li>10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/","title":"10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e","text":"<p>\u300c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e binary search\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \u5728\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488 \\(i = 0\\) \u548c \\(j = n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n - 1]\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u672c\u8eab\u3002</p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m = \\lfloor {(i + j) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor \\space \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u5224\u65ad <code>nums[m]</code> \u548c <code>target</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<ol> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &lt; target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e <code>target</code> \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([m + 1, j]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(i = m + 1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &gt; target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e <code>target</code> \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(j = m - 1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] = target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \u3002</li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p>\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1abinary_search_step1 </p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u90fd\u662f <code>int</code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(i + j\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa <code>int</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u5f0f \\(m = \\lfloor {i + (j - i) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.py<pre><code>def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\ni, j = 0, len(nums) - 1\n# \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt;= j:\n# \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a Python \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5927\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m - 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nelse:\nreturn m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n</code></pre> binary_search.go<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\ni, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nfor i &lt;= j {\nm := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.js<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\nconst m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse return m; // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.ts<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\nreturn -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.c<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = len - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nvar i = 0\nvar j = nums.count - 1\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.zig<pre><code>// \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\nfn binarySearch(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nvar i: usize = 0;\nvar j: usize = nums.items.len - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nvar m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums.items[m] &lt; target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums.items[m] &gt; target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn @intCast(m);\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.rs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfn binary_search(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut i = 0;\nlet mut j = nums.len() as i32 - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m as usize] &lt; target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if nums[m as usize] &gt; target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}                       }\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5206\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)  \u3002\u6307\u9488 <code>i</code> , <code>j</code> \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1011","title":"10.1.1 \u00a0 \u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a \\([0, n)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u5728 \\(i = j\\) \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.size();\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.py<pre><code>def binary_search_lcro(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\ni, j = 0, len(nums)\n# \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt; j:\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nelse:\nreturn m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n</code></pre> binary_search.go<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums []int, target int) int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\ni, j := 0, len(nums)\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nfor i &lt; j {\nm := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.js<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums, target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\nconst m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nelse return m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.ts<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\nreturn -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.c<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = len;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nvar i = 0\nvar j = nums.count\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt; j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.zig<pre><code>// \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09\nfn binarySearchLCRO(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nvar i: usize = 0;\nvar j: usize = nums.items.len;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nvar m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums.items[m] &lt; target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums.items[m] &gt; target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n} else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn @intCast(m);\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.rs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfn binary_search_lcro(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nlet mut i = 0;\nlet mut j = nums.len() as i32;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt; j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m as usize] &lt; target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if nums[m as usize] &gt; target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}                       }\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7686\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1012","title":"10.1.2 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n = 2^{20}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981 \\(2^{20} = 1048576\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(\\log_2 2^{20} = 20\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u82e5\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\uff08\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u30011 \u6b21\u9664\u6cd5\u30011 ~ 3 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u30011 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\uff08\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5171 4 ~ 6 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/","title":"10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1031","title":"10.3.1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u5fc6\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5b8c\u6210\u540e \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u8d8a\u754c\uff1b</li> <li>\u5143\u7d20 <code>nums[i]</code> \u4e0e <code>target</code> \u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff1b</li> </ol> <p>\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_edge.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.size() || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.py<pre><code>def binary_search_left_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n# \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\ni = binary_search_insertion(nums, target)\n# \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i == len(nums) or nums[i] != target:\nreturn -1\n# \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.Length || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchLeftEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nlet i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target)\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i == nums.count || nums[i] != target {\nreturn -1\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_left_edge}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1032","title":"10.3.2 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c","text":"<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5728 <code>nums[m] == target</code> \u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6536\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u590d\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target + 1</code>\u3002</p> <p>\u67e5\u627e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target + 1</code>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u800c \\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de \\(j\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c </p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97 \\(j\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_edge.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.py<pre><code>def binary_search_right_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n# \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\ni = binary_search_insertion(nums, target + 1)\n# j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nj = i - 1\n# \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif j == -1 or nums[j] != target:\nreturn -1\n# \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchRightEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nlet i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target + 1)\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nlet j = i - 1\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif j == -1 || nums[j] != target {\nreturn -1\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_right_edge}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u540e \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e <code>target - 0.5</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e <code>target + 0.5</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 </p> <p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u5173\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</li> <li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf <code>target</code> \u6539\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/","title":"10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1021","title":"10.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u73b0\u5c06 <code>target</code> \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u540e <code>target</code> \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u590d\u7528\u4e0a\u8282\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f</p> <p>\u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06 <code>target</code> \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684 <code>target</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u539f\u6765 <code>target</code> \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u8be5 <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u95ee\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &lt; target</code> \u65f6 \\(i\\) \u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u5728\u5411\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002</p> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5206\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\uff1a\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6613\u5f97\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_insertion.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.py<pre><code>def binary_search_insertion_simple(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\ni, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j:\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nelse:\nreturn m  # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n# \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target {\ni = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target {\nj = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_insertion}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1022","title":"10.2.2 \u00a0 \u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u5c11 <code>target</code>\u3002</p> <p>\u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(k\\) \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5411\u5de6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5f53\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 <code>target</code> \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 </p> <p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u7684 <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002</p> <p>\u73b0\u8003\u8651\u4fee\u6539\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad <code>target</code> \u548c <code>nums[m]</code> \u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &lt; target</code> \u6216 <code>nums[m] &gt; target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5411 <code>target</code> \u9760\u8fd1\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] == target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528 \\(j = m - 1\\) \u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 <code>target</code> \uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5c31\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u652f <code>nums[m] &gt; target</code> \u548c <code>nums[m] == target</code> \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p> <p>\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_insertion.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.py<pre><code>def binary_search_insertion(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\ni, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j:\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nelse:\nj = m - 1  # \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertion(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target {\ni = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target {\nj = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1 // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_insertion}\n</code></pre> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u672c\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 <code>target</code> \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e8c\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u903c\u8fd1\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6216\u662f\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/","title":"10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565","text":"<p>\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u548c\u201d\u4e3a <code>target</code> \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1041","title":"10.4.1 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u8003\u8651\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust two_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] twoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\nreturn new int[] { i, j };\n}\n}\nreturn new int[0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nvector&lt;int&gt; twoSumBruteForce(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.size();\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\nreturn {i, j};\n}\n}\nreturn {};\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.py<pre><code>def two_sum_brute_force(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\"\"\"\n# \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1):\nfor j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):\nif nums[i] + nums[j] == target:\nreturn [i, j]\nreturn []\n</code></pre> two_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums []int, target int) []int {\nsize := len(nums)\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; size-1; i++ {\nfor j := i + 1; i &lt; size; j++ {\nif nums[i]+nums[j] == target {\nreturn []int{i, j}\n}\n}\n}\nreturn nil\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.js<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums, target) {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\nreturn [i, j];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.ts<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\nreturn [i, j];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.c<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint *twoSumBruteForce(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numsSize; ++i) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; numsSize; ++j) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\nint *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\nres[0] = i, res[1] = j;\n*returnSize = 2;\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n}\n*returnSize = 0;\nreturn NULL;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] twoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.Length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\nreturn new int[] { i, j };\n}\n}\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\nfor j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\nif nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\nreturn [i, j]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn [0]\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\nfn twoSumBruteForce(nums: []i32, target: i32) ?[2]i32 {\nvar size: usize = nums.len;\nvar i: usize = 0;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nwhile (i &lt; size - 1) : (i += 1) {\nvar j = i + 1;\nwhile (j &lt; size) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\nreturn [_]i32{@intCast(i), @intCast(j)};\n}\n}\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a \u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nList&lt;int&gt; twoSumBruteForce(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (var j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) return [i, j];\n}\n}\nreturn [0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\npub fn two_sum_brute_force(nums: &amp;Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet size = nums.len();\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i in 0..size - 1 {\nfor j in i + 1..size {\nif nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\nreturn Some(vec![i as i32, j as i32]);\n}\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1042","title":"10.4.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4","text":"<p>\u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6267\u884c\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5224\u65ad\u6570\u5b57 <code>target - nums[i]</code> \u662f\u5426\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 <code>nums[i]</code> \u548c\u7d22\u5f15 <code>i</code> \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c </p> <p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust two_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] twoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nMap&lt;Integer, Integer&gt; dic = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn new int[] { dic.get(target - nums[i]), i };\n}\ndic.put(nums[i], i);\n}\nreturn new int[0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; twoSumHashTable(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.size();\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nunordered_map&lt;int, int&gt; dic;\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.find(target - nums[i]) != dic.end()) {\nreturn {dic[target - nums[i]], i};\n}\ndic.emplace(nums[i], i);\n}\nreturn {};\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.py<pre><code>def two_sum_hash_table(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n# \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\ndic = {}\n# \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\nif target - nums[i] in dic:\nreturn [dic[target - nums[i]], i]\ndic[nums[i]] = i\nreturn []\n</code></pre> two_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums []int, target int) []int {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nhashTable := map[int]int{}\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor idx, val := range nums {\nif preIdx, ok := hashTable[target-val]; ok {\nreturn []int{preIdx, idx}\n}\nhashTable[val] = idx\n}\nreturn nil\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.js<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums, target) {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nlet m = {};\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (m[target - nums[i]] !== undefined) {\nreturn [m[target-nums[i]], i];\n} else {\nm[nums[i]] = i;\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.ts<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nlet m: Map&lt;number, number&gt; = new Map();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nlet index = m.get(target - nums[i]);\nif (index !== undefined) {\nreturn [index, i];\n} else {\nm.set(nums[i], i);\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.c<pre><code>/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct hashTable {\nint key;\nint val;\nUT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n};\ntypedef struct hashTable hashTable;\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u67e5\u8be2 */\nhashTable *find(hashTable *h, int key) {\nhashTable *tmp;\nHASH_FIND_INT(h, &amp;key, tmp);\nreturn tmp;\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165 */\nvoid insert(hashTable *h, int key, int val) {\nhashTable *t = find(h, key);\nif (t == NULL) {\nhashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));\ntmp-&gt;key = key, tmp-&gt;val = val;\nHASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n} else {\nt-&gt;val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint *twoSumHashTable(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\nhashTable *hashtable = NULL;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numsSize; i++) {\nhashTable *t = find(hashtable, target - nums[i]);\nif (t != NULL) {\nint *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\nres[0] = t-&gt;val, res[1] = i;\n*returnSize = 2;\nreturn res;\n}\ninsert(hashtable, nums[i], i);\n}\n*returnSize = 0;\nreturn NULL;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] twoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.Length;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nDictionary&lt;int, int&gt; dic = new();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.ContainsKey(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn new int[] { dic[target - nums[i]], i };\n}\ndic.Add(nums[i], i);\n}\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nvar dic: [Int: Int] = [:]\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor i in nums.indices {\nif let j = dic[target - nums[i]] {\nreturn [j, i]\n}\ndic[nums[i]] = i\n}\nreturn [0]\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn twoSumHashTable(nums: []i32, target: i32) !?[2]i32 {\nvar size: usize = nums.len;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nvar dic = std.AutoHashMap(i32, i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer dic.deinit();\nvar i: usize = 0;\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nwhile (i &lt; size) : (i += 1) {\nif (dic.contains(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn [_]i32{dic.get(target - nums[i]).?, @intCast(i)};\n}\ntry dic.put(nums[i], @intCast(i));\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nList&lt;int&gt; twoSumHashTable(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nMap&lt;int, int&gt; dic = HashMap();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn [dic[target - nums[i]]!, i];\n}\ndic.putIfAbsent(nums[i], () =&gt; i);\n}\nreturn [0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub fn two_sum_hash_table(nums: &amp;Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nlet mut dic = HashMap::new();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (i, num) in nums.iter().enumerate() {\nmatch dic.get(&amp;(target - num)) {\nSome(v) =&gt; return Some(vec![*v as i32, i as i32]),\nNone =&gt; dic.insert(num, i as i32)\n};\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u4e3a\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/","title":"10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 searching algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u6216\u56fe\uff09\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1051","title":"10.5.1 \u00a0 \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u662f\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u8d70\u5230\u5934\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u505a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1052","title":"10.5.2 \u00a0 \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff09\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u652f\u3002</p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1053","title":"10.5.3 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u53d6","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u591a\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565 </p> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e \u6811\u67e5\u627e \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406 / \u6392\u5e8f \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u6811 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f <p>\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8868\u683c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22</p> <ul> <li>\u901a\u7528\u6027\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f53\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e</p> <ul> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u589e\u5220\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e</p> <ul> <li>\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u98ce\u9669\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6811\u67e5\u627e</p> <ul> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528 AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u5219\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ef4\u62a4\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/summary/","title":"10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u9010\u6b65\u7f29\u51cf\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u8f83\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5927\u578b\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002 </li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/","title":"\u7b2c 11 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6392\u5e8f\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u628a\u5c06\u6df7\u4e71\u53d8\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002</p> <p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u90fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7f8e\u611f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/","title":"11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f bubble sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u50cf\u6c14\u6ce1\u4ece\u5e95\u90e8\u5347\u5230\u9876\u90e8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u62df\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u53f3\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5de6\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u5c31\u4ea4\u6362\u5b83\u4fe9\u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u62df\u5192\u6ce1 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1131","title":"11.3.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c</li> <li>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u5269\u4f59 \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust bubble_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n// \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\nswap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.py<pre><code>def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in range(i):\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]:\n# \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor j := 0; j &lt; i; j++ {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j+1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; size - 1 - i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\nint temp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = temp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nvar i: usize = nums.len - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar j: usize = 0;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nwhile (j &lt; i) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nvar tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0..i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1132","title":"11.3.2 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d <code>flag</code> \u6765\u76d1\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</p> <p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust bubble_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nboolean flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag)\nbreak; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nbool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n// \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\nswap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag)\nbreak; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.py<pre><code>def bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\nflag = False  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in range(i):\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]:\n# \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\nflag = True  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\nif not flag:\nbreak  # \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums []int) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\nflag := false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor j := 0; j &lt; i; j++ {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j+1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\nflag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif flag == false { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\nbreak\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nlet flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nlet flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nbool flag = false;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; size - 1 - i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\nint temp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = temp;\nflag = true;\n}\n}\nif (!flag)\nbreak;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nbool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break;     // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\nvar flag = false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\nfor j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\nflag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif !flag { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\nbreak\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: []i32) void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nvar i: usize = nums.len - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar flag = false;   // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\nvar j: usize = 0;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nwhile (j &lt; i) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nvar tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true;\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break;   // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nbool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\nlet mut flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0..i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif !flag {break};  // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1133","title":"11.3.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5404\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\) , \\(n - 2\\) , \\(\\cdots\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(1\\) \uff0c\u603b\u548c\u4e3a \\(\\frac{(n - 1) n}{2}\\) \u3002\u5728\u5f15\u5165 <code>flag</code> \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4ea4\u6362\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/","title":"11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u51e0\u79cd\u201c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f bucket sort\u300d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u6309\u7167\u6876\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1181","title":"11.8.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u8303\u56f4 \\([0, 1)\\) \u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u6309\u7167\u6876\u7684\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust bucket_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float[] nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.length / 2;\nList&lt;List&lt;Float&gt;&gt; buckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (float num : nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = (int) (num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets.get(i).add(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (List&lt;Float&gt; bucket : buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nCollections.sort(bucket);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint i = 0;\nfor (List&lt;Float&gt; bucket : buckets) {\nfor (float num : bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(vector&lt;float&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.size() / 2;\nvector&lt;vector&lt;float&gt;&gt; buckets(k);\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (float num : nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = num * k;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\nbuckets[i].push_back(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (vector&lt;float&gt; &amp;bucket : buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nsort(bucket.begin(), bucket.end());\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint i = 0;\nfor (vector&lt;float&gt; &amp;bucket : buckets) {\nfor (float num : bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.py<pre><code>def bucket_sort(nums: list[float]):\n\"\"\"\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nk = len(nums) // 2\nbuckets = [[] for _ in range(k)]\n# 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor num in nums:\n# \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\ni = int(num * k)\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].append(num)\n# 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor bucket in buckets:\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort()\n# 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\ni = 0\nfor bucket in buckets:\nfor num in bucket:\nnums[i] = num\ni += 1\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums []float64) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nk := len(nums) / 2\nbuckets := make([][]float64, k)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; k; i++ {\nbuckets[i] = make([]float64, 0)\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor _, num := range nums {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\ni := int(num * float64(k))\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i] = append(buckets[i], num)\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor i := 0; i &lt; k; i++ {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5207\u7247\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nsort.Float64s(buckets[i])\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\ni := 0\nfor _, bucket := range buckets {\nfor _, num := range bucket {\nnums[i] = num\ni++\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nconst k = nums.length / 2;\nconst buckets = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.push([]);\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (const num of nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nconst i = Math.floor(num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].push(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nlet i = 0;\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\nfor (const num of bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nconst k = nums.length / 2;\nconst buckets: number[][] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.push([]);\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (const num of nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nconst i = Math.floor(num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].push(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nlet i = 0;\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\nfor (const num of bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = size / 2;\nfloat **buckets = calloc(k, sizeof(float *));\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\n// \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nbuckets[i] = calloc(ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float));\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint bucket_idx = nums[i] * k;\nint j = 0;\n// \u5982\u679c\u6876\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u503c nums[i], \u8981\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6876\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e cpp \u4e2d\u7684 push_back\nwhile (buckets[bucket_idx][j] &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; buckets[bucket_idx][j] &lt; nums[i]) {\nj++;\n}\nfloat temp = nums[i];\nwhile (j &lt; ARRAY_SIZE &amp;&amp; buckets[bucket_idx][j] &gt; 0) {\nswap(&amp;temp, &amp;buckets[bucket_idx][j]);\nj++;\n}\nbuckets[bucket_idx][j] = temp;\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nqsort(buckets[i], ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float), compare_float);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nfor (int i = 0, j = 0; j &lt; k; j++) {\nfor (int l = 0; l &lt; ARRAY_SIZE; l++) {\nif (buckets[j][l] &gt; 0) {\nnums[i++] = buckets[j][l];\n}\n}\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nfree(buckets[i]);\n}\nfree(buckets);\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float[] nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.Length / 2;\nList&lt;List&lt;float&gt;&gt; buckets = new List&lt;List&lt;float&gt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(new List&lt;float&gt;());\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nforeach (float num in nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = (int) (num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].Add(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nforeach (List&lt;float&gt; bucket in buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.Sort();\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint j = 0;\nforeach (List&lt;float&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nforeach (float num in bucket) {\nnums[j++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums: inout [Double]) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = nums.count / 2\nvar buckets = (0 ..&lt; k).map { _ in [Double]() }\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor num in nums {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nlet i = Int(num * Double(k))\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].append(num)\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor i in buckets.indices {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbuckets[i].sort()\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nvar i = nums.startIndex\nfor bucket in buckets {\nfor num in bucket {\nnums[i] = num\nnums.formIndex(after: &amp;i)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{bucketSort}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(List&lt;double&gt; nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.length ~/ 2;\nList&lt;List&lt;double&gt;&gt; buckets = List.generate(k, (index) =&gt; []);\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (double num in nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = (num * k).toInt();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\nbuckets[i].add(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (List&lt;double&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nbucket.sort();\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint i = 0;\nfor (List&lt;double&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nfor (double num in bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bucket_sort(nums: &amp;mut [f64]) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = nums.len() / 2;\nlet mut buckets = vec![vec![]; k];\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor &amp;mut num in &amp;mut *nums {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nlet i = (num * k as f64) as usize;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].push(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor bucket in &amp;mut buckets {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nlet mut i = 0;\nfor bucket in &amp;mut buckets {\nfor &amp;mut num in bucket {\nnums[i] = num;\ni += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</p> <p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210 1000 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1182","title":"11.8.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + k)\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(\\frac{n}{k}\\) \u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6392\u5e8f\u5355\u4e2a\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\frac{n}{k} \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u6876\u6570\u91cf \\(k\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5219\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u6876\u548c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u6392\u5e8f\u8be5\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u548c\u603b\u5171 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6876\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1183","title":"11.8.3 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d","text":"<p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u6dd8\u5b9d\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u6309\u4ef7\u683c\u8303\u56f4\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230 10 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e 100 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e 1000 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 10 \u4efd\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u5206\u5230 3 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u914d\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u6876\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u4f7f\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u6876 </p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7279\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5212\u5206\u6876 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/","title":"11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f counting sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1191","title":"11.9.1 \u00a0 \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u201d\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m + 1\\) \u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 <code>counter</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u501f\u52a9 <code>counter</code> \u7edf\u8ba1 <code>nums</code> \u4e2d\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>counter[num]</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b57 <code>num</code> \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code>\uff08\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a <code>num</code>\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06 <code>counter[num]</code> \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> <li>\u7531\u4e8e <code>counter</code> \u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u5929\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u904d\u5386 <code>counter</code> \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5165 <code>nums</code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust counting_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvector&lt;int&gt; counter(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.py<pre><code>def counting_sort_naive(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\n# 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm = 0\nfor num in nums:\nm = max(m, num)\n# 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n# counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter = [0] * (m + 1)\nfor num in nums:\ncounter[num] += 1\n# 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\ni = 0\nfor num in range(m + 1):\nfor _ in range(counter[num]):\nnums[i] = num\ni += 1\n</code></pre> counting_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums []int) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm := 0\nfor _, num := range nums {\nif num &gt; m {\nm = num\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter := make([]int, m+1)\nfor _, num := range nums {\ncounter[num]++\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i, num := 0, 0; num &lt; m+1; num++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++ {\nnums[i] = num\ni++\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nlet i = 0;\nfor (let num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums: number[]): void {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter: number[] = new Array&lt;number&gt;(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nlet i = 0;\nfor (let num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int nums[], int size) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] &gt; m) {\nm = nums[i];\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint *counter = malloc(sizeof(int) * m);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncounter[nums[i]]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\nm = Math.Max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = nums.max()!\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvar counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\nfor num in nums {\ncounter[num] += 1\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nvar i = 0\nfor num in stride(from: 0, to: m + 1, by: 1) {\nfor _ in stride(from: 0, to: counter[num], by: 1) {\nnums[i] = num\ni += 1\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{countingSortNaive}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num in nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nList&lt;int&gt; counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfn counting_sort_naive(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nlet mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\nfor &amp;num in &amp;*nums {\ncounter[num as usize] += 1;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nlet mut i = 0;\nfor num in 0..m + 1 {\nfor _ in 0..counter[num as usize] {\nnums[i] = num;\ni += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb</p> <p>\u4ece\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>counter</code> \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1192","title":"11.9.2 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>3.</code> \u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\uff08\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97 <code>counter</code> \u7684\u201c\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u201d\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15 <code>i</code> \u5904\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c <code>prefix[i]</code> \u7b49\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u524d <code>i</code> \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u5373\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text{prefix}[i] = \\sum_{j=0}^i \\text{counter[j]} \\] <p>\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c<code>prefix[num] - 1</code> \u4ee3\u8868\u5143\u7d20 <code>num</code> \u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <code>num</code> \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06 <code>num</code> \u586b\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15 <code>prefix[num] - 1</code> \u5904\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c <code>prefix[num]</code> \u51cf\u5c0f \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e <code>num</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 <code>res</code> \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust counting_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.length;\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvector&lt;int&gt; counter(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.size();\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(n);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nnums = res;\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.py<pre><code>def counting_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\n# 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm = max(nums)\n# 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n# counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter = [0] * (m + 1)\nfor num in nums:\ncounter[num] += 1\n# 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n# \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i in range(m):\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n# 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nn = len(nums)\nres = [0] * n\nfor i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\nnum = nums[i]\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num  # \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num] -= 1  # \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in range(n):\nnums[i] = res[i]\n</code></pre> counting_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums []int) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm := 0\nfor _, num := range nums {\nif num &gt; m {\nm = num\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter := make([]int, m+1)\nfor _, num := range nums {\ncounter[num]++\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m; i++ {\ncounter[i+1] += counter[i]\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nn := len(nums)\nres := make([]int, n)\nfor i := n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\nnum := nums[i]\n// \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\nres[counter[num]-1] = num\n// \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\ncounter[num]--\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\ncopy(nums, res)\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nconst n = nums.length;\nconst res = new Array(n);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter: number[] = new Array&lt;number&gt;(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nconst n = nums.length;\nconst res: number[] = new Array&lt;number&gt;(n);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] &gt; m) {\nm = nums[i];\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint *counter = malloc(sizeof(int) * m);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncounter[nums[i]]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nmemcpy(nums, res, size * sizeof(int));\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\nm = Math.Max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.Length;\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = nums.max()!\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvar counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\nfor num in nums {\ncounter[num] += 1\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: m, by: 1) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count)\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\nlet num = nums[i]\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num] -= 1 // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\nnums[i] = res[i]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{countingSort}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num in nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nList&lt;int&gt; counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.length;\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(n, 0);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nnums.setAll(0, res);\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfn counting_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nlet mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\nfor &amp;num in &amp;*nums {\ncounter[num as usize] += 1;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i in 0..m as usize {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nlet n = nums.len();\nlet mut res = vec![0; n];\nfor i in (0..n).rev() {\nlet num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num as usize] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num as usize] -= 1; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in 0..n {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1193","title":"11.9.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + m)\\) \uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u904d\u5386 <code>counter</code> \uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b \\(n \\gg m\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u548c <code>counter</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5411 <code>res</code> \u4e2d\u586b\u5145\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1194","title":"11.9.4 \u00a0 \u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u3002</p> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u53bb\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d \\(m\\) \u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(n \\ll m\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u8981\u6162\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/","title":"11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>Tip</p> <p>\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b66\u5b8c\u201c\u5806\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f heap sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1171","title":"11.7.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u5230\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08Sift Down\uff09\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u5806\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u590d\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c <code>2.</code> \u548c <code>3.</code> \u6b65\u3002\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u7b2c <code>2.</code> \u548c <code>3.</code> \u6b65\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u51fa\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0e\u5806\u7ae0\u8282\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\uff08Sift Down\uff09\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed9 Sift Down \u51fd\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5806\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust heap_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.length / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(nums[i], nums[ma]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.size() / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.size(), i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; --i) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(nums[0], nums[i]);\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.py<pre><code>def sift_down(nums: list[int], n: int, i: int):\n\"\"\"\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\nwhile True:\n# \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nl = 2 * i + 1\nr = 2 * i + 2\nma = i\nif l &lt; n and nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]:\nma = l\nif r &lt; n and nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]:\nma = r\n# \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i:\nbreak\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nnums[i], nums[ma] = nums[ma], nums[i]\n# \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\ndef heap_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in range(len(nums) // 2 - 1, -1, -1):\nsift_down(nums, len(nums), i)\n# \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnums[0], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[0]\n# \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsift_down(nums, i, 0)\n</code></pre> heap_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums *[]int, n, i int) {\nfor true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nl := 2*i + 1\nr := 2*i + 2\nma := i\nif l &lt; n &amp;&amp; (*nums)[l] &gt; (*nums)[ma] {\nma = l\n}\nif r &lt; n &amp;&amp; (*nums)[r] &gt; (*nums)[ma] {\nma = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n(*nums)[i], (*nums)[ma] = (*nums)[ma], (*nums)[i]\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums *[]int) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i := len(*nums)/2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\nsiftDown(nums, len(*nums), i)\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i := len(*nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n(*nums)[0], (*nums)[i] = (*nums)[i], (*nums)[0]\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums, n, i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1;\nlet r = 2 * i + 2;\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = l;\n}\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n[nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n[nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums: number[], n: number, i: number): void {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1;\nlet r = 2 * i + 2;\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = l;\n}\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n[nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n[nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int nums[], int n, int i) {\nwhile (1) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int nums[], int n) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = n / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i) {\nsiftDown(nums, n, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt; 0; --i) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n(nums[ma], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[ma]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.Length / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.Length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n(nums[i], nums[0]) = (nums[0], nums[i]);\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums: inout [Int], n: Int, i: Int) {\nvar i = i\nwhile true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1\nlet r = 2 * i + 2\nvar ma = i\nif l &lt; n, nums[l] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = l\n}\nif r &lt; n, nums[r] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nnums.swapAt(i, ma)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count / 2 - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\nsiftDown(nums: &amp;nums, n: nums.count, i: i)\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnums.swapAt(0, i)\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums: &amp;nums, n: i, i: 0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{siftDown}\n[class]{}-[func]{heapSort}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.length ~/ 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(nums: &amp;mut [i32], n: usize, mut i: usize) {\nloop {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1;\nlet r = 2 * i + 2;\nlet mut ma = i;\nif l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = l;\n}\nif r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn heap_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in (0..=nums.len() / 2 - 1).rev() {\nsift_down(nums, nums.len(), i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i in (1..=nums.len() - 1).rev() {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nlet tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsift_down(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1172","title":"11.7.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5171\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/","title":"11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f insertion sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u526f\u724c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002</p> <p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9010\u4e00\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u5fc6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bbe\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u5230 <code>base</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06 <code>base</code> \u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5355\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1141","title":"11.4.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u7b2c 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust insertion_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base;        // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.size(); i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.py<pre><code>def insertion_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i-1]\nfor i in range(1, len(nums)):\nbase = nums[i]\nj = i - 1\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i-1] \u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile j &gt;= 0 and nums[j] &gt; base:\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]  # \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj -= 1\nnums[j + 1] = base  # \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums []int) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := 1; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\nbase := nums[i]\nj := i - 1\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nfor j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base {\nnums[j+1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--\n}\nnums[j+1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nlet base = nums[i],\nj = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nconst base = nums[i];\nlet j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; size; i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\n// \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\nj--;\n}\n// \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nnums[j + 1] = base;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nint bas = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; bas) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = bas;         // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\nlet base = nums[i]\nvar j = i - 1\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile j &gt;= 0, nums[j] &gt; base {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj -= 1\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\nfn insertionSort(nums: []i32) void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nvar i: usize = 1;\nwhile (i &lt; nums.len) : (i += 1) {\nvar base = nums[i];\nvar j: usize = i;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 1 and nums[j - 1] &gt; base) : (j -= 1) {\nnums[j] = nums[j - 1];  // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n}\nnums[j] = base;             // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn insertion_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor i in 1..nums.len() {\nlet (base, mut j) = (nums[i],  (i - 1) as i32);\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j as usize] &gt; base {\nnums[(j + 1) as usize] = nums[j as usize]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj -= 1;\n}\nnums[(j + 1) as usize] = base;  // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1142","title":"11.4.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) , \\(n-2\\) , \\(\\cdots\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u5f97\u5230 \\(\\frac{(n - 1) n}{2}\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5728\u9047\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1143","title":"11.4.3 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u4f18\u52bf","text":"<p>\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u6bd4\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u7c7b \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u5355\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\\(n^2\\) \u548c \\(n \\log n\\) \u7684\u6570\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8d77\u5230\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java\uff09\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u601d\u8def\u4e3a\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> <p>\u867d\u7136\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5171\u6d89\u53ca 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/","title":"11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f merge sort\u300d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u201c\u5212\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5c06\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1161","title":"11.6.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u201c\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5207\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u70b9 <code>mid</code> \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 <code>[left, mid]</code> \uff09\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 <code>[mid + 1, right]</code> \uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>1.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u5408\u5e76\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust merge_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] tmp = Arrays.copyOfRange(nums, left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;                      // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nvector&lt;int&gt; tmp(nums.begin() + left, nums.begin() + right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.py<pre><code>def merge(nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\n# \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n# \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\ntmp = list(nums[left : right + 1])\n# \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nleft_start = 0\nleft_end = mid - left\n# \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nright_start = mid + 1 - left\nright_end = right - left\n# i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\ni = left_start\nj = right_start\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k in range(left, right + 1):\n# \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif i &gt; left_end:\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\n# \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelif j &gt; right_end or tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]:\nnums[k] = tmp[i]\ni += 1\n# \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse:\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\ndef merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right:\nreturn  # \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n# \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nmid = (left + right) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmerge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmerge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n# \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right)\n</code></pre> merge_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunc merge(nums []int, left, mid, right int) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 \u501f\u52a9 copy \u6a21\u5757\ntmp := make([]int, right-left+1)\nfor i := left; i &lt;= right; i++ {\ntmp[i-left] = nums[i]\n}\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nleftStart, leftEnd := left-left, mid-left\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nrightStart, rightEnd := mid+1-left, right-left\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\ni, j := leftStart, rightStart\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k := left; k &lt;= right; k++ {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif i &gt; leftEnd {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj++\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n} else if j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j] {\nnums[k] = tmp[i]\ni++\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n} else {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj++\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nmid := (left + right) / 2\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid)\nmergeSort(nums, mid+1, right)\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right)\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunction merge(nums, left, mid, right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp = nums.slice(left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet leftStart = left - left,\nleftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet rightStart = mid + 1 - left,\nrightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = leftStart,\nj = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\nif (i &gt; leftEnd) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n} else if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]) {\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n} else {\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums, left, right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunction merge(nums: number[], left: number, mid: number, right: number): void {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp = nums.slice(left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet leftStart = left - left,\nleftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet rightStart = mid + 1 - left,\nrightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = leftStart,\nj = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\nif (i &gt; leftEnd) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n} else if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]) {\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n} else {\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(int *nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\nint index;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nint tmp[right + 1 - left];\nfor (index = left; index &lt; right + 1; index++) {\ntmp[index - left] = nums[index];\n}\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] tmp = nums[left..(right + 1)];\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15  \nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15       \nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return;       // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunc merge(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp = Array(nums[left ..&lt; (right + 1)])\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet leftStart = left - left\nlet leftEnd = mid - left\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet rightStart = mid + 1 - left\nlet rightEnd = right - left\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nvar i = leftStart\nvar j = rightStart\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k in left ... right {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif i &gt; leftEnd {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j] {\nnums[k] = tmp[i]\ni += 1\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right { // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nreturn\n}\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = (left + right) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: mid) // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: mid + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, mid: mid, right: right)\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfn merge(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) !void {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nvar mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer mem_arena.deinit();\nconst mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\nvar tmp = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, right + 1 - left);\nstd.mem.copy(i32, tmp, nums[left..right+1]);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15  \nvar leftStart = left - left;\nvar leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15       \nvar rightStart = mid + 1 - left;\nvar rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nvar i = leftStart;\nvar j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nvar k = left;\nwhile (k &lt;= right) : (k += 1) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd) {\nnums[k] = tmp[j];\nj += 1;\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n} else if  (j &gt; rightEnd or tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]) {\nnums[k] = tmp[i];\ni += 1;\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n} else {\nnums[k] = tmp[j];\nj += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n// \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\nfn mergeSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) !void {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return;              // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nvar mid = (left + right) / 2;           // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\ntry mergeSort(nums, left, mid);         // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\ntry mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);    // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\ntry merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = nums.sublist(left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfn merge(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = nums[left..right + 1].to_vec();\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet (left_start, left_end) = (left - left, mid - left);\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet (right_start, right_end) = (mid + 1 - left, right-left);\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet (mut l_corrent, mut r_corrent) = (left_start, right_start);\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k in left..right + 1 {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif l_corrent &gt; left_end {\nnums[k] = tmp[r_corrent];\nr_corrent += 1;\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if r_corrent &gt; right_end || tmp[l_corrent] &lt;= tmp[r_corrent] {\nnums[k] = tmp[l_corrent];\nl_corrent += 1;\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse {\nnums[k] = tmp[r_corrent];\nr_corrent += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn merge_sort(left: usize, right: usize, nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right { return; }       // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = (left + right) / 2;     // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmerge_sort(left, mid, nums);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmerge_sort(mid + 1, right, nums);  // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5408\u5e76\u65b9\u6cd5 <code>merge()</code> \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5404\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<code>nums</code> \u7684\u5f85\u5408\u5e76\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a <code>[left, right]</code> \uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e <code>tmp</code> \u4ec5\u590d\u5236\u4e86 <code>nums</code> \u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <code>tmp</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a <code>[0, right - left]</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83 <code>tmp[i]</code> \u548c <code>tmp[j]</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373 <code>i &gt; leftEnd</code> \u548c <code>j &gt; rightEnd</code> \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5408\u5e76\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1162","title":"11.6.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5212\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1163","title":"11.6.3 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f *","text":"<p>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u4ec5\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u77ed\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u65e0\u987b\u521b\u5efa\u8f85\u52a9\u94fe\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5212\u5206\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u7701\u53bb\u9012\u5f52\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/","title":"11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f quick sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002</p> <p>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488 <code>i</code> \u548c <code>j</code> \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u3002</li> <li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>i</code>\uff08<code>j</code>\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5bfb\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u5230 <code>i</code> \u548c <code>j</code> \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20 \\(\\leq\\) \u57fa\u51c6\u6570 \\(\\leq\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ea\u9700\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3</p> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\"\"\"\n# \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j = left, right\nwhile i &lt; j:\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]:\nj -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]:\ni += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n# \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc (q *quickSort) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j := left, right\nfor i &lt; j {\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj-- // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni++ // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n}\n// \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums, i, j) {\nlet tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\nj -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\ni += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums: number[], i: number, j: number): void {\nlet tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\nj -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\ni += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int nums[], int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nj--;\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\ni++;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);\n}\n// \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nswap(nums, i, left);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nfunc swap(nums: inout [Int], i: Int, j: Int) {\nlet tmp = nums[i]\nnums[i] = nums[j]\nnums[j] = tmp\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc partition(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nvar i = left\nvar j = right\nwhile i &lt; j {\nwhile i &lt; j, nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj -= 1 // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile i &lt; j, nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni += 1 // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums: &amp;nums, i: i, j: j) // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums: &amp;nums, i: i, j: left) // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nfn swap(nums: []i32, i: usize, j: usize) void {\nvar tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nvar i = left;\nvar j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid _swap(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint _partition(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n_swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\n_swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfn partition(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -&gt; usize {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\nwhile i &lt; j {\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\ni                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1151","title":"11.5.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<ol> <li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u522b\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right:\nreturn\n# \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\npivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nself.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)\nself.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc (q *quickSort) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\npivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nq.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1)\nq.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right)\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) return;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nconst pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nconst pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nj--;\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\ni++;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);\n}\n// \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nswap(nums, i, left);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn i;\n}\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid quickSort(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc quickSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nlet pivot = partition(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: right)\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1)\nquickSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right)\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) void {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) return;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nvar pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) return;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\npub fn quick_sort(left: i32, right: i32, nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nlet pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nSelf::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);\nSelf::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums);\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1152","title":"11.5.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u548c \\(n - 1\\) \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \u5c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1153","title":"11.5.3 \u00a0 \u5feb\u6392\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5feb\uff1f","text":"<p>\u4ece\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u80fd\u5728 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002</li> <li>\u7f13\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u7cfb\u6570\u4f4e\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u603b\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u6bd4\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1154","title":"11.5.4 \u00a0 \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\) \u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u5230\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\u3002</p> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e8f\u5217\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u3001\u5c3e\u3001\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201c\u65e2\u4e0d\u592a\u5c0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7684\u6982\u7387\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def median_three(self, nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\"\"\"\n# \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n# \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]):\nreturn left\nelif (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]):\nreturn mid\nreturn right\ndef partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nmed = self.median_three(nums, left, (left + right) // 2, right)\n# \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nnums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n# \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j = left, right\nwhile i &lt; j:\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]:\nj -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]:\ni += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n# \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) medianThree(nums []int, left, mid, right int) int {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff08!= \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u5230\u5f02\u6216\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) != (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn left\n} else if (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) != (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn mid\n}\nreturn right\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nmed := q.medianThree(nums, left, (left+right)/2, right)\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nnums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j := left, right\nfor i &lt; j {\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj-- //\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni++ //\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n//\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n}\n//\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i //\u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(nums, left, mid, right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right])) return left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse return right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = this.medianThree(\nnums,\nleft,\nMath.floor((left + right) / 2),\nright\n);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nthis.swap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(\nnums: number[],\nleft: number,\nmid: number,\nright: number\n): number {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (Number(nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ Number(nums[left] &lt; nums[right])) {\nreturn left;\n} else if (\nNumber(nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ Number(nums[mid] &lt; nums[right])\n) {\nreturn mid;\n} else {\nreturn right;\n}\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = this.medianThree(\nnums,\nleft,\nMath.floor((left + right) / 2),\nright\n);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nthis.swap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\ni++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u4e2d\u4f4d\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u4e2d\u4f4d\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\nint partitionMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc medianThree(nums: [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) != (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn left\n} else if (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) != (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn mid\n} else {\nreturn right\n}\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfunc partitionMedian(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: (left + right) / 2, right: right)\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums: &amp;nums, i: left, j: med)\nreturn partition(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: right)\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nfn medianThree(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) usize {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) != (nums[left] &lt; nums[right])) {\nreturn left;\n} else if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) != (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right])) {\nreturn mid;\n} else {\nreturn right;\n}\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nvar med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nvar i = left;\nvar j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint _medianThree(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint _partition(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = _medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) ~/ 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n_swap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n_swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\n_swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfn median_three(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) -&gt; usize {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn left;\n} else if (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn mid;\n} right\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfn partition(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -&gt; usize {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = Self::median_three(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nnums.swap(left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\nwhile i &lt; j {\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\ni                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1155","title":"11.5.5 \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n - 1\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\frac{n}{2}\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile left &lt; right:\n# \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\npivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n# \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif pivot - left &lt; right - pivot:\nself.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\nelse:\nself.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortTailCall) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nfor left &lt; right {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\npivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif pivot-left &lt; right-pivot {\nq.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nq.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nvoid quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSortTailCall(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSortTailCall(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfunc quickSortTailCall(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\nvar left = left\nvar right = right\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile left &lt; right {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = partition(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: right)\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left) &lt; (right - pivot) {\nquickSortTailCall(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSortTailCall(nums: &amp;nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left_: usize, right_: usize) void {\nvar left = left_;\nvar right = right_;\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nvar pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);   // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;                   // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1;                  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\npub fn quick_sort(mut left: i32, mut right: i32, nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile left &lt; right {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif  pivot - left &lt; right - pivot {\nSelf::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nSelf::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/","title":"11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(n = 10^6\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(8\\) \u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m = 10^8\\) \u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f radix sort\u300d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5404\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9012\u8fdb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11101","title":"11.10.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u4ee5\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(1\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(8\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k = 1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u5b66\u53f7\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u201c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 \\(k\\) \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \u7ee7\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b </p> <p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u5256\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d \\(x_k\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a</p> \\[ x_k = \\lfloor\\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\\rfloor \\bmod d \\] <p>\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor a \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 \\(a\\) \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\uff0c\u800c \\(\\bmod \\space d\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9 \\(d\\) \u53d6\u4f59\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\\(d = 10\\) \u4e14 \\(k \\in [1, 8]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5e45\u6539\u52a8\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust radix_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nint[] counter = new int[10];\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint m = Integer.MIN_VALUE;\nfor (int num : nums)\nif (num &gt; m)\nm = num;\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nvector&lt;int&gt; counter(10, 0);\nint n = nums.size();\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(n, 0);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint m = *max_element(nums.begin(), nums.end());\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.py<pre><code>def digit(num: int, exp: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\"\"\"\n# \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num // exp) % 10\ndef counting_sort_digit(nums: list[int], exp: int):\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\ncounter = [0] * 10\nn = len(nums)\n# \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i in range(n):\nd = digit(nums[i], exp)  # \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1  # \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n# \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i in range(1, 10):\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n# \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nres = [0] * n\nfor i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\nd = digit(nums[i], exp)\nj = counter[d] - 1  # \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]  # \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1  # \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in range(n):\nnums[i] = res[i]\ndef radix_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nm = max(nums)\n# \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nexp = 1\nwhile exp &lt;= m:\n# \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n# k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n# k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n# \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncounting_sort_digit(nums, exp)\nexp *= 10\n</code></pre> radix_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num, exp int) int {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums []int, exp int) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\ncounter := make([]int, 10)\nn := len(nums)\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nd := digit(nums[i], exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++             // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i := 1; i &lt; 10; i++ {\ncounter[i] += counter[i-1]\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nres := make([]int, n)\nfor i := n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\nd := digit(nums[i], exp)\nj := counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]    // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnums[i] = res[i]\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums []int) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nmax := math.MinInt\nfor _, num := range nums {\nif num &gt; max {\nmax = num\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor exp := 1; max &gt;= exp; exp *= 10 {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num, exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums, exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nconst counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nconst res = new Array(n).fill(0);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nconst j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nlet m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nif (num &gt; m) {\nm = num;\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (let exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num: number, exp: number): number {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums: number[], exp: number): void {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nconst counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nconst res = new Array(n).fill(0);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nconst j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nlet m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nif (num &gt; m) {\nm = num;\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (let exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nint *counter = (int *)malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n// \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter[d]++;\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nint *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint max = INT32_MIN;\nfor (size_t i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nif (nums[i] &gt; max) {\nmax = nums[i];\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; max &gt;= exp; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, size, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nint[] counter = new int[10];\nint n = nums.Length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint m = int.MinValue;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\nif (num &gt; m) m = num;\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num: Int, exp: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n(num / exp) % 10\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums: inout [Int], exp: Int) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nvar counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10)\nlet n = nums.count\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i in nums.indices {\nlet d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1 // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i in 1 ..&lt; 10 {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\nfor i in stride(from: n - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\nlet d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp)\nlet j = counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i] // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1 // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in nums.indices {\nnums[i] = res[i]\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nvar m = Int.min\nfor num in nums {\nif num &gt; m {\nm = num\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor exp in sequence(first: 1, next: { m &gt;= ($0 * 10) ? $0 * 10 : nil }) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums: &amp;nums, exp: exp)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) i32 {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn @mod(@divFloor(num, exp), 10);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn countingSortDigit(nums: []i32, exp: i32) !void {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nvar mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n// defer mem_arena.deinit();\nconst mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\nvar counter = try mem_allocator.alloc(usize, 10);\n@memset(counter, 0);\nvar n = nums.len;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (nums) |num| {\nvar d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(num, exp)); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvar i: usize = 1;\nwhile (i &lt; 10) : (i += 1) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nvar res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, n);\ni = n - 1;\nwhile (i &gt;= 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(nums[i], exp));\nvar j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1;        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\nif (i == 0) break;\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\ni = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n// \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\nfn radixSort(nums: []i32) !void {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nvar m: i32 = std.math.minInt(i32);\nfor (nums) |num| {\nif (num &gt; m) m = num;\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvar exp: i32 = 1;\nwhile (exp &lt;= m) : (exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ntry countingSortDigit(nums, exp);    }\n} </code></pre> radix_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num ~/ exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nList&lt;int&gt; counter = List&lt;int&gt;.filled(10, 0);\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List&lt;int&gt;.filled(n, 0);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n// dart \u4e2d int \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u7684\nint m = -1 &lt;&lt; 63;\nfor (int num in nums) if (num &gt; m) m = num;\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) -&gt; usize {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn ((num / exp) % 10) as usize;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn counting_sort_digit(nums: &amp;mut [i32], exp: i32) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nlet mut counter = [0; 10];\nlet n = nums.len();\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i in 0..n {\nlet d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i in 1..10 {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nlet mut res = vec![0; n];\nfor i in (0..n).rev() {\nlet d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nlet j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in 0..n {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn radix_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nlet m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nlet mut exp = 1;\nwhile exp &lt;= m {\ncounting_sort_digit(nums, exp);\nexp *= 10;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a &lt; b\\) \uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a &gt; b\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u4f4e\u4f4d\u518d\u6392\u5e8f\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11102","title":"11.10.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k\\) \u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(nk) \\gg O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(nk)\\) \uff1a\u8bbe\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e3a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + d)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709 \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O((n + d)k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\(d\\) \u548c \\(k\\) \u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + d)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(d\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u548c <code>counter</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/","title":"11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f selection sort\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4ece\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002</p> <p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a \\([0, n-1]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(0\\) \u5904\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([1, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(1\\) \u5904\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528 \\(k\\) \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust selection_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int[] nums) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[k];\nnums[k] = temp;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nint n = nums.size();\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nswap(nums[i], nums[k]);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.py<pre><code>def selection_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i in range(n - 1):\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nk = i\nfor j in range(i + 1, n):\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k]:\nk = j  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n</code></pre> selection_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums []int) {\nn := len(nums)\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n-1; i++ {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nk := i\nfor j := i + 1; j &lt; n; j++ {\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k] {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nk = j\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums) {\nlet n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = i;\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k]) {\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n[nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums: number[]): void {\nlet n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = i;\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k]) {\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n[nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int nums[], int n) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[k];\nnums[k] = temp;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int[] nums) {\nint n = nums.Length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n(nums[k], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[k]);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nvar k = i\nfor j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k] {\nk = j // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums.swapAt(i, k)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{selectionSort}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k]) k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[k];\nnums[k] = temp;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn selection_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\nlet n = nums.len();\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i in 0..n-1 {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut k = i;\nfor j in i+1..n {\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k] {\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums.swap(i, k);\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/#1121","title":"11.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5171 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5404\u8f6e\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b \\(n\\) , \\(n - 1\\) , \\(\\cdots\\) , \\(2\\) \u8f6e\u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u4e3a \\(\\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06 <code>nums[i]</code> \u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u5176\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002</li> </ul> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/","title":"11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 sorting algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\uff1b\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5b57\u7b26 ASCII \u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1111","title":"11.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff08\u5373\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u964d\u4f4e\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002</p> <p>\u5c31\u5730\u6027\uff1a\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</p> <p>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002</p> <p>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u5217\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u5206\u522b\u662f\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u4e27\u5931\u3002</p> <pre><code># \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\n# (name, age)\n('A', 19)\n('B', 18)\n('C', 21)\n('D', 19)\n('E', 23)\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6309\u5e74\u9f84\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d ('D', 19) \u548c ('A', 19) \u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\n# \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6309\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e22\u5931\n('B', 18)\n('D', 19)\n('A', 19)\n('C', 21)\n('E', 23)\n</code></pre> <p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u53d7\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u6700\u5dee\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5dee\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u662f\u5426\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u300c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\\(&lt;\\) , \\(=\\) , \\(&gt;\\)\uff09\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u4f18\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u300c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u901a\u7528\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1112","title":"11.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u60f3\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u5feb\u3001\u539f\u5730\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u517c\u5177\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u5404\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/","title":"11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002</li> <li>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u6216\u968f\u673a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a3\u5316\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\u5212\u5206\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6876\u3001\u6876\u5185\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002</li> <li>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u3002</li> <li>\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002</li> <li>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u539f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ul> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/#11111-q-a","title":"11.11.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f/</p> <p>\u5148\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 <code>(A, 180) (B, 185) (C, 170) (D, 170)</code> \uff1b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5bf9\u8eab\u9ad8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 <code>(D, 170) (C, 170) (A, 180) (B, 185)</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b66\u751f D \u548c C \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u518d\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5256\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002</p> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 <code>partition()</code> \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ea4\u6362 <code>nums[left]</code> \u548c <code>nums[i]</code> \u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd <code>&lt;=</code> \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u524d <code>nums[left] &gt;= nums[i]</code> \u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728 <code>i == j</code> \u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd <code>nums[j] == nums[i] &gt; nums[left]</code>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5931\u8d25\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>[0, 0, 0, 0, 1]</code> \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a <code>[1, 0, 0, 0, 0]</code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 <code>nums[right]</code> \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u597d\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u534a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f \\(\\log n\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u987e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u9012\u5f52\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a \\(n, n - 1, n - 2, ..., 2, 1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \u5417\uff1f\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u9000\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u3001\u7b49\u4e8e\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u4ec5\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u5c0f\u4e8e\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e00\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> <p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5206\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/","title":"\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6808\u5982\u540c\u53e0\u732b\u732b\uff0c\u800c\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u732b\u732b\u6392\u961f\u3002</p> <p>\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u548c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>5.1 \u00a0 \u6808</li> <li>5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217</li> <li>5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217</li> <li>5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/","title":"5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u80fd\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque\u300d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#531","title":"5.3.1 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 pushFirst() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996 \\(O(1)\\) pushLast() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) popFirst() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) popLast() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekFirst() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekLast() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust deque.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nDeque&lt;Integer&gt; deque = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.offerLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.offerLast(5);\ndeque.offerLast(4);\ndeque.offerFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.offerFirst(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.peekLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.pollFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.pollLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();\n</code></pre> deque.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ndeque&lt;int&gt; deque;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\ndeque.push_front(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.push_front(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = deque.front(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint back = deque.back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.pop_front();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.pop_back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = deque.empty();\n</code></pre> deque.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\ndeque: Deque[int] = collections.deque()\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\ndeque.append(2)      # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.appendleft(3)  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.appendleft(1)\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = deque[0]  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear: int = deque[-1]  # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_front: int = deque.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_rear: int = deque.pop()       # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(deque)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(deque) == 0\n</code></pre> deque_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\ndeque := list.New()\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.PushBack(2)      // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.PushBack(5)\ndeque.PushBack(4)\ndeque.PushFront(3)     // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.PushFront(1)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfront := deque.Front() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear := deque.Back()   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.Remove(front)    // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.Remove(rear)     // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := deque.Len()\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := deque.Len() == 0\n</code></pre> deque.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront = deque.shift();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack = deque.pop();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n</code></pre> deque.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque: number[] = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst: number = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast: number = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront: number = deque.shift() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack: number = deque.pop() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size: number = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty: boolean = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n</code></pre> deque.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\n</code></pre> deque.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 C# \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u94fe\u8868 LinkedList \u770b\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nLinkedList&lt;int&gt; deque = new LinkedList&lt;int&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.AddLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.AddLast(5);\ndeque.AddLast(4);\ndeque.AddFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.AddFirst(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.First.Value;  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.Last.Value;    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.RemoveFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.RemoveLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.Count == 0;\n</code></pre> deque.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar deque: [Int] = []\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.append(2) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.insert(3, at: 0) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.insert(1, at: 0)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peekFirst = deque.first! // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet peekLast = deque.last! // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Array \u6a21\u62df\u65f6 popFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet popFirst = deque.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nlet popLast = deque.removeLast() // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.count\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = deque.isEmpty\n</code></pre> deque.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> deque.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cQueue \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nQueue&lt;int&gt; deque = Queue&lt;int&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.addLast(2);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.addLast(5);\ndeque.addLast(4);\ndeque.addFirst(3); // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.addFirst(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.first; // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.last;   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.removeLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty;W\n</code></pre> deque.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#532","title":"5.3.2 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0 *","text":"<p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u56de\u987e\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u548c\u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u961f\u9996\u548c\u961f\u5c3e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002</p> LinkedListDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linkedlist_deque.java<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nint val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int val) {\nthis.val = val;\nprev = next = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate int queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListDeque() {\nfront = rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate void push(int num, boolean isFront) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (isEmpty())\nfront = rear = node;\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront.prev = node;\nnode.next = front;\nfront = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear.next = node;\nnode.prev = rear;\nrear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate Integer pop(boolean isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (isEmpty())\nreturn null;\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = front.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode fNext = front.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.prev = null;\nfront.next = null;\n}\nfront = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\nval = rear.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nListNode rPrev = rear.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.next = null;\nrear.prev = null;\n}\nrear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic Integer popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic Integer popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic Integer peekFirst() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : front.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic Integer peekLast() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.cpp<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nstruct DoublyListNode {\nint val;              // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nDoublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nDoublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nDoublyListNode(int val) : val(val), prev(nullptr), next(nullptr) {\n}\n};\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate:\nDoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nint queSize = 0;              // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nLinkedListDeque() : front(nullptr), rear(nullptr) {\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n~LinkedListDeque() {\n// \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nDoublyListNode *pre, *cur = front;\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\npre = cur;\ncur = cur-&gt;next;\ndelete pre;\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid push(int num, bool isFront) {\nDoublyListNode *node = new DoublyListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (isEmpty())\nfront = rear = node;\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront-&gt;prev = node;\nnode-&gt;next = front;\nfront = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear-&gt;next = node;\nnode-&gt;prev = rear;\nrear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nint pop(bool isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (isEmpty())\nreturn -1;\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = front-&gt;val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nDoublyListNode *fNext = front-&gt;next;\nif (fNext != nullptr) {\nfNext-&gt;prev = nullptr;\nfront-&gt;next = nullptr;\ndelete front;\n}\nfront = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\nval = rear-&gt;val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nDoublyListNode *rPrev = rear-&gt;prev;\nif (rPrev != nullptr) {\nrPrev-&gt;next = nullptr;\nrear-&gt;prev = nullptr;\ndelete rear;\n}\nrear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? -1 : front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? -1 : rear-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nDoublyListNode *node = front;\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(size());\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.size(); i++) {\nres[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.py<pre><code>class ListNode:\n\"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.val: int = val\nself.next: ListNode | None = None  # \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nself.prev: ListNode | None = None  # \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nclass LinkedListDeque:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nself.rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nself.__size: int = 0  # \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.size() == 0\ndef push(self, num: int, is_front: bool):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nnode = ListNode(num)\n# \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif self.is_empty():\nself.front = self.rear = node\n# \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelif is_front:\n# \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nself.front.prev = node\nnode.next = self.front\nself.front = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n# \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse:\n# \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.rear.next = node\nnode.prev = self.rear\nself.rear = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nself.__size += 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\ndef push_first(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nself.push(num, True)\ndef push_last(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nself.push(num, False)\ndef pop(self, is_front: bool) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de None\nif self.is_empty():\nreturn None\n# \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif is_front:\nval: int = self.front.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n# \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfnext: ListNode | None = self.front.next\nif fnext != None:\nfnext.prev = None\nself.front.next = None\nself.front = fnext  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n# \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse:\nval: int = self.rear.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n# \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nrprev: ListNode | None = self.rear.prev\nif rprev != None:\nrprev.next = None\nself.rear.prev = None\nself.rear = rprev  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nself.__size -= 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val\ndef pop_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nreturn self.pop(True)\ndef pop_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nreturn self.pop(False)\ndef peek_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nreturn None if self.is_empty() else self.front.val\ndef peek_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nreturn None if self.is_empty() else self.rear.val\ndef to_array(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nnode = self.front\nres = [0] * self.size()\nfor i in range(self.size()):\nres[i] = node.val\nnode = node.next\nreturn res\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListDeque struct {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list\ndata *list.List\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListDeque() *linkedListDeque {\nreturn &amp;linkedListDeque{\ndata: list.New(),\n}\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushFirst(value any) {\ns.data.PushFront(value)\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushLast(value any) {\ns.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popFirst() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popLast() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekFirst() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekLast() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) size() int {\nreturn s.data.Len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) toList() *list.List {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.js<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nprev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nnext; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nval; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nconstructor(val) {\nthis.val = val;\nthis.next = null;\nthis.prev = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n#front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n#rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n#queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.#front = null;\nthis.#rear = null;\nthis.#queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushLast(val) {\nconst node = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nthis.#front = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.#rear.next = node;\nnode.prev = this.#rear;\nthis.#rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushFirst(val) {\nconst node = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nthis.#front = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nthis.#front.prev = node;\nnode.next = this.#front;\nthis.#front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopLast() {\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value = this.#rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = this.#rear.prev;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.next = null;\nthis.#rear.prev = null;\n}\nthis.#rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopFirst() {\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value = this.#front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = this.#front.next;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.prev = null;\nthis.#front.next = null;\n}\nthis.#front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#front.val;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nprint() {\nconst arr = [];\nlet temp = this.#front;\nwhile (temp !== null) {\narr.push(temp.val);\ntemp = temp.next;\n}\nconsole.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.ts<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nprev: ListNode; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nnext: ListNode; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nval: number; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nconstructor(val: number) {\nthis.val = val;\nthis.next = null;\nthis.prev = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate front: ListNode; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nprivate rear: ListNode; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.front = null;\nthis.rear = null;\nthis.queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushLast(val: number): void {\nconst node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nthis.front = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.rear.next = node;\nnode.prev = this.rear;\nthis.rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushFirst(val: number): void {\nconst node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nthis.front = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nthis.front.prev = node;\nnode.next = this.front;\nthis.front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopLast(): number {\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value: number = this.rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp: ListNode = this.rear.prev;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.next = null;\nthis.rear.prev = null;\n}\nthis.rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopFirst(): number {\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value: number = this.front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp: ListNode = this.front.next;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.prev = null;\nthis.front.next = null;\n}\nthis.front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast(): number {\nreturn this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst(): number {\nreturn this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.front.val;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nprint(): void {\nconst arr: number[] = [];\nlet temp: ListNode = this.front;\nwhile (temp !== null) {\narr.push(temp.val);\ntemp = temp.next;\n}\nconsole.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.c<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nstruct doublyListNode {\nint val;                     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nstruct doublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\nstruct doublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\n};\ntypedef struct doublyListNode doublyListNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\ndoublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {\ndoublyListNode *new = (doublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(doublyListNode));\nnew-&gt;val = num;\nnew-&gt;next = NULL;\nnew-&gt;prev = NULL;\nreturn new;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delDoublyListNode(doublyListNode *node) {\nfree(node);\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct linkedListDeque {\ndoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nint queSize;                  // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n};\ntypedef struct linkedListDeque linkedListDeque;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nlinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {\nlinkedListDeque *deque = (linkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListDeque));\ndeque-&gt;front = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;rear = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn deque;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListdeque(linkedListDeque *deque) {\n// \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; deque-&gt;queSize &amp;&amp; deque-&gt;front != NULL; i++) {\ndoublyListNode *tmp = deque-&gt;front;\ndeque-&gt;front = deque-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nfree(tmp);\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e deque \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nfree(deque);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn (size(deque) == 0);\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(linkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {\ndoublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411node\nif (empty(deque)) {\ndeque-&gt;front = deque-&gt;rear = node;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\ndeque-&gt;front-&gt;prev = node;\nnode-&gt;next = deque-&gt;front;\ndeque-&gt;front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u5bf9\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\ndeque-&gt;rear-&gt;next = node;\nnode-&gt;prev = deque-&gt;rear;\ndeque-&gt;rear = node;\n}\ndeque-&gt;queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(linkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\npush(deque, num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(linkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\npush(deque, num, false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nassert(size(deque) &amp;&amp; deque-&gt;front);\nreturn deque-&gt;front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nassert(size(deque) &amp;&amp; deque-&gt;rear);\nreturn deque-&gt;rear-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(linkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {\nif (empty(deque))\nreturn -1;\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = peekFirst(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\ndoublyListNode *fNext = deque-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nif (fNext) {\nfNext-&gt;prev = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;front-&gt;next = NULL;\ndelDoublyListNode(deque-&gt;front);\n}\ndeque-&gt;front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nval = peekLast(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\ndoublyListNode *rPrev = deque-&gt;rear-&gt;prev;\nif (rPrev) {\nrPrev-&gt;next = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;rear-&gt;prev = NULL;\ndelDoublyListNode(deque-&gt;rear);\n}\ndeque-&gt;rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\ndeque-&gt;queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn pop(deque, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn pop(deque, false);\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListDeque(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nint arr[deque-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\nint i;\ndoublyListNode *node;\nfor (i = 0, node = deque-&gt;front; i &lt; deque-&gt;queSize; i++) {\narr[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nprintArray(arr, deque-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.cs<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\npublic int val;       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npublic ListNode? next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\npublic ListNode? prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\npublic ListNode(int val) {\nthis.val = val;\nprev = null;\nnext = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate ListNode? front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front, \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate int queSize = 0;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListDeque() {\nfront = null;\nrear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate void push(int num, bool isFront) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (isEmpty()) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront.prev = node;\nnode.next = front;\nfront = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9                           \n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear.next = node;\nnode.prev = rear;\nrear = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate int? pop(bool isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (isEmpty()) {\nreturn null;\n}\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = front.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode fNext = front.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.prev = null;\nfront.next = null;\n}\nfront = fNext;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nval = rear.val;  // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nListNode rPrev = rear.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.next = null;\nrear.prev = null;\n}\nrear = rPrev;    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int? popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int? popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int? peekFirst() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : front.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int? peekLast() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.Length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.swift<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar next: ListNode? // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nweak var prev: ListNode? // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\ninit(val: Int) {\nself.val = val\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nprivate var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ninit() {\nqueSize = 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nqueSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate func push(num: Int, isFront: Bool) {\nlet node = ListNode(val: num)\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif isEmpty() {\nfront = node\nrear = node\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if isFront {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront?.prev = node\nnode.next = front\nfront = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear?.next = node\nnode.prev = rear\nrear = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize += 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushFirst(num: Int) {\npush(num: num, isFront: true)\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushLast(num: Int) {\npush(num: num, isFront: false)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate func pop(isFront: Bool) -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nlet val: Int\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif isFront {\nval = front!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nlet fNext = front?.next\nif fNext != nil {\nfNext?.prev = nil\nfront?.next = nil\n}\nfront = fNext // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nval = rear!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nlet rPrev = rear?.prev\nif rPrev != nil {\nrPrev?.next = nil\nrear?.prev = nil\n}\nrear = rPrev // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize -= 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popFirst() -&gt; Int {\npop(isFront: true)\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popLast() -&gt; Int {\npop(isFront: false)\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekFirst() -&gt; Int? {\nisEmpty() ? nil : front?.val\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekLast() -&gt; Int? {\nisEmpty() ? nil : rear?.val\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar node = front\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\nfor i in res.indices {\nres[i] = node!.val\nnode = node?.next\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.zig<pre><code>// \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\nfn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nval: T = undefined,     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: ?*Self = null,    // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nprev: ?*Self = null,    // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n// Initialize a list node with specific value\npub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\nself.val = x;\nself.next = null;\nself.prev = null;\n}\n};\n}\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListDeque(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nfront: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nque_size: usize = 0,                             // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.front = null;\nself.rear = null;\nself.que_size = 0;\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T, is_front: bool) !void {\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (self.isEmpty()) {\nself.front = node;\nself.rear = node;\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else if (is_front) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nself.front.?.prev = node;\nnode.next = self.front;\nself.front = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.rear.?.next = node;\nnode.prev = self.rear;\nself.rear = node;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nself.que_size += 1;      // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n} // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\npub fn pushFirst(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\ntry self.push(num, true);\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\npub fn pushLast(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\ntry self.push(num, false);\n} // \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn pop(self: *Self, is_front: bool) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nvar val: T = undefined;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (is_front) {\nval = self.front.?.val;     // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nvar fNext = self.front.?.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.?.prev = null;\nself.front.?.next = null;\n}\nself.front = fNext;         // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\nval = self.rear.?.val;      // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nvar rPrev = self.rear.?.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.?.next = null;\nself.rear.?.prev = null;\n}\nself.rear = rPrev;          // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nself.que_size -= 1;              // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n} // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\npub fn popFirst(self: *Self) T {\nreturn self.pop(true);\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\npub fn popLast(self: *Self) T {\nreturn self.pop(false);\n} // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peekFirst(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.front.?.val;\n}  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peekLast(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.rear.?.val;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\nvar node = self.front;\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; res.len) : (i += 1) {\nres[i] = node.?.val;\nnode = node.?.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.dart<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nint val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode? next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode? prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(this.val, {this.next, this.prev});\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5bf9\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nlate ListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\nlate ListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\nint _queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nLinkedListDeque() {\nthis._front = null;\nthis._rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn this._queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid push(int num, bool isFront) {\nfinal ListNode node = ListNode(num);\nif (isEmpty()) {\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 _front\uff0c_rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n_front = _rear = node;\n} else if (isFront) {\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n_front!.prev = node;\nnode.next = _front;\n_front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n} else {\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n_rear!.next = node;\nnode.prev = _rear;\n_rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\n_queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nint? pop(bool isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (isEmpty()) {\nreturn null;\n}\nfinal int val;\nif (isFront) {\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nval = _front!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode? fNext = _front!.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.prev = null;\n_front!.next = null;\n}\n_front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n} else {\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nval = _rear!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nListNode? rPrev = _rear!.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.next = null;\n_rear!.prev = null;\n}\n_rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\n_queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint? popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint? popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint? peekFirst() {\nreturn _front?.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint? peekLast() {\nreturn _rear?.val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\nListNode? node = _front;\nfinal List&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _queSize; i++) {\nres.add(node!.val);\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.rs<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\npub struct ListNode&lt;T&gt; {\npub val: T,                                 // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npub next: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\npub prev: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n}\nimpl&lt;T&gt; ListNode&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new(val: T) -&gt; Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nRc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode {\nval,\nnext: None,\nprev: None,\n}))\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListDeque&lt;T&gt; {\nfront: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \nque_size: usize,                            // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl&lt;T: Copy&gt; LinkedListDeque&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nfront: None,\nrear: None,\nque_size: 0, }\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn push(&amp;mut self, num: T, is_front: bool) {\nlet node = ListNode::new(num);\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif is_front {\nmatch self.front.take() {\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nNone =&gt; {\nself.rear = Some(node.clone());\nself.front = Some(node);\n}\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nSome(old_front) =&gt; {\nold_front.borrow_mut().prev = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().next = Some(old_front);\nself.front = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n}\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nmatch self.rear.take() {\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nNone =&gt; {\nself.front = Some(node.clone());\nself.rear = Some(node);\n}\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nSome(old_rear) =&gt; {\nold_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().prev = Some(old_rear);\nself.rear = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\n}\n}\nself.que_size += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_first(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nself.push(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_last(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nself.push(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn pop(&amp;mut self, is_front: bool) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de None\nif self.is_empty() { return None };\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif is_front {\nself.front.take().map(|old_front| {\nmatch old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\nSome(new_front) =&gt; {\nnew_front.borrow_mut().prev.take();\nself.front = Some(new_front);   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.rear.take();\n}\n}\nself.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nRc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nself.rear.take().map(|old_rear| {\nmatch old_rear.borrow_mut().prev.take() {\nSome(new_rear) =&gt; {\nnew_rear.borrow_mut().next.take();\nself.rear = Some(new_rear);     // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.front.take();\n}\n}\nself.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nRc::try_unwrap(old_rear).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n}\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npub fn pop_first(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nreturn self.pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npub fn pop_last(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nreturn self.pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek_first(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.front.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek_last(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.rear.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npub fn to_array(&amp;self, head: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;T&gt; {\nif let Some(node) = head {\nlet mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\nnums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\nreturn nums;\n}\nreturn Vec::new();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5728\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p> ArrayDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_deque.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nthis.nums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nprivate int index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(front + queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(front + 1);\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(front + queSize - 1);\nreturn nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate:\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nnums.resize(capacity);\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn nums.size();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(front + queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(front + 1);\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(front + queSize - 1);\nreturn nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(queSize);\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_deque.py<pre><code>class ArrayDeque:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, capacity: int):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__nums: list[int] = [0] * capacity\nself.__front: int = 0\nself.__size: int = 0\ndef capacity(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__nums)\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size == 0\ndef index(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n# \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n# \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + self.capacity()) % self.capacity()\ndef push_first(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n# \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.__front = self.index(self.__front - 1)\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nself.__nums[self.__front] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef push_last(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nrear = self.index(self.__front + self.__size)\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.__nums[rear] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum = self.peek_first()\n# \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nself.__front = self.index(self.__front + 1)\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef pop_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum = self.peek_last()\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__nums[self.__front]\ndef peek_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlast = self.index(self.__front + self.__size - 1)\nreturn self.__nums[last]\ndef to_array(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n# \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nres = []\nfor i in range(self.__size):\nres.append(self.__nums[self.index(self.__front + i)])\nreturn res\n</code></pre> array_deque.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayDeque struct {\nnums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nqueSize     int   // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nqueCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayDeque(queCapacity int) *arrayDeque {\nreturn &amp;arrayDeque{\nnums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\nqueCapacity: queCapacity,\nfront:       0,\nqueSize:     0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) size() int {\nreturn q.queSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn q.queSize == 0\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) index(i int) int {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + q.queCapacity) % q.queCapacity\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushFirst(num int) {\nif q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\nfmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nq.front = q.index(q.front - 1)\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nq.nums[q.front] = num\nq.queSize++\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushLast(num int) {\nif q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\nfmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nrear := q.index(q.front + q.queSize)\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nq.nums[rear] = num\nq.queSize++\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popFirst() any {\nnum := q.peekFirst()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nq.front = q.index(q.front + 1)\nq.queSize--\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popLast() any {\nnum := q.peekLast()\nq.queSize--\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekFirst() any {\nif q.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn q.nums[q.front]\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekLast() any {\nif q.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlast := q.index(q.front + q.queSize - 1)\nreturn q.nums[last]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) toSlice() []int {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nres := make([]int, q.queSize)\nfor i, j := 0, q.front; i &lt; q.queSize; i++ {\nres[i] = q.nums[q.index(j)]\nj++\n}\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n#nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n#front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n#queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(capacity) {\nthis.#nums = new Array(capacity);\nthis.#front = 0;\nthis.#queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\ncapacity() {\nreturn this.#nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nindex(i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npushFirst(num) {\nif (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.#front = this.index(this.#front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nthis.#nums[this.#front] = num;\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npushLast(num) {\nif (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nconst rear = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.#nums[rear] = num;\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npopFirst() {\nconst num = this.peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nthis.#front = this.index(this.#front + 1);\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npopLast() {\nconst num = this.peekLast();\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst() {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\nreturn this.#nums[this.#front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast() {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nconst last = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize - 1);\nreturn this.#nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\ntoArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst res = [];\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i &lt; this.#queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = this.#nums[this.index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(capacity: number) {\nthis.nums = new Array(capacity);\nthis.front = 0;\nthis.queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\ncapacity(): number {\nreturn this.nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nindex(i: number): number {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npushFirst(num: number): void {\nif (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.front = this.index(this.front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nthis.nums[this.front] = num;\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npushLast(num: number): void {\nif (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nconst rear: number = this.index(this.front + this.queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.nums[rear] = num;\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npopFirst(): number {\nconst num: number = this.peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nthis.front = this.index(this.front + 1);\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npopLast(): number {\nconst num: number = this.peekLast();\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst(): number {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\nreturn this.nums[this.front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast(): number {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nconst last = this.index(this.front + this.queSize - 1);\nreturn this.nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\ntoArray(): number[] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst res: number[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.front; i &lt; this.queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = this.nums[this.index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct arrayDeque {\nint *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\nint queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct arrayDeque arrayDeque;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {\narrayDeque *deque = (arrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(arrayDeque));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\ndeque-&gt;queCapacity = capacity;\ndeque-&gt;nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * deque-&gt;queCapacity);\ndeque-&gt;front = deque-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn deque;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayDeque(arrayDeque *deque) {\nfree(deque-&gt;nums);\ndeque-&gt;queCapacity = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(arrayDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queCapacity;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(arrayDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(arrayDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint dequeIndex(arrayDeque *deque, int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn ((i + capacity(deque)) % capacity(deque));\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(arrayDeque *deque, int num) {\nif (deque-&gt;queSize == capacity(deque)) {\nprintf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\ndeque-&gt;front = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u9996\ndeque-&gt;nums[deque-&gt;front] = num;\ndeque-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(arrayDeque *deque, int num) {\nif (deque-&gt;queSize == capacity(deque)) {\nprintf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front + deque-&gt;queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque-&gt;nums[rear] = num;\ndeque-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(arrayDeque *deque) {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\nassert(empty(deque) == 0);\nreturn deque-&gt;nums[deque-&gt;front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(arrayDeque *deque) {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\nassert(empty(deque) == 0);\nint last = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front + deque-&gt;queSize - 1);\nreturn deque-&gt;nums[last];\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(arrayDeque *deque) {\nint num = peekFirst(deque);\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\ndeque-&gt;front = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front + 1);\ndeque-&gt;queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(arrayDeque *deque) {\nint num = peekLast(deque);\ndeque-&gt;queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printArrayDeque(arrayDeque *deque) {\nint arr[deque-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\nfor (int i = 0, j = deque-&gt;front; i &lt; deque-&gt;queSize; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = deque-&gt;nums[j % deque-&gt;queCapacity];\n}\nprintArray(arr, deque-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate readonly int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nthis.nums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.Length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nprivate int index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(front + queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(front + 1);\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n}\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(front + queSize - 1);\nreturn nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate var front: Int // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit(capacity: Int) {\nnums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\nfront = 0\nqueSize = 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc capacity() -&gt; Int {\nnums.count\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nqueSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nprivate func index(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n(i + capacity()) % capacity()\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushFirst(num: Int) {\nif size() == capacity() {\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(i: front - 1)\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num\nqueSize += 1\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushLast(num: Int) {\nif size() == capacity() {\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nlet rear = index(i: front + size())\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num\nqueSize += 1\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popFirst() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peekFirst()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(i: front + 1)\nqueSize -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popLast() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peekLast()\nqueSize -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekFirst() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn nums[front]\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekLast() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlet last = index(i: front + size() - 1)\nreturn nums[last]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\nfor (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 &lt; self.size() - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\nres[i] = nums[index(i: j)]\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.zig<pre><code>[class]{ArrayDeque}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> array_deque.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nlate int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlate int _queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nthis._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\nthis._front = this._queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn _nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\nif (_queSize == capacity()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 _front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n_front = index(_front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n_nums[_front] = num;\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\nif (_queSize == capacity()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(_front + _queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n_nums[rear] = num;\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n_front = index(_front + 1);\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _nums[_front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(_front + _queSize - 1);\nreturn _nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\nfor (int i = 0, j = _front; i &lt; _queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = _nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayDeque {\nnums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront: usize,       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nque_size: usize,    // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl ArrayDeque {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(capacity: usize) -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nnums: vec![0; capacity],\nfront: 0,\nque_size: 0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npub fn capacity(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.nums.len()\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.que_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nself.que_size == 0\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn index(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; usize {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn ((i + self.capacity() as i32) % self.capacity() as i32) as usize;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_first(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\nif self.que_size == self.capacity() {\nprintln!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.front = self.index(self.front as i32 - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nself.nums[self.front] = num;\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_last(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\nif self.que_size == self.capacity() {\nprintln!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nlet rear = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.nums[rear] = num;\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfn pop_first(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\nlet num = self.peek_first();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nself.front = self.index(self.front as i32 + 1);\nself.que_size -= 1;\nnum\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfn pop_last(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\nlet num = self.peek_last();\nself.que_size -= 1;\nnum\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek_first(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nif self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\nself.nums[self.front]\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek_last(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nif self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlet last = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32 - 1);\nself.nums[last]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfn to_array(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut res = vec![0; self.que_size];\nlet mut j = self.front;\nfor i in 0..self.que_size {\nres[i] = self.nums[self.index(j as i32)];\nj += 1;\n}\nres\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#533","title":"5.3.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u517c\u5177\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c <code>push</code> \u5230\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 <code>pop</code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u5b58 \\(50\\) \u6b65\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(50\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6808\u5e95\uff08\u5373\u961f\u9996\uff09\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u6808\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6808\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5faa\u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u903b\u8f91\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/","title":"5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217","text":"<p>\u300c\u961f\u5217 queue\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6392\u961f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u961f\u5217\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u9010\u4e2a\u79bb\u5f00\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\uff0c\u5c3e\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5165\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#521","title":"5.2.1 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u4e0e\u6808\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust queue.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; queue = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.offer(1);\nqueue.offer(3);\nqueue.offer(2);\nqueue.offer(5);\nqueue.offer(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.poll();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();\n</code></pre> queue.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nqueue&lt;int&gt; queue;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = queue.front();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nqueue.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = queue.empty();\n</code></pre> queue.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\n# \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b deque \u770b\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\n# \u867d\u7136 queue.Queue() \u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\nque: Deque[int] = collections.deque()\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\nque.append(1)\nque.append(3)\nque.append(2)\nque.append(5)\nque.append(4)\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = que[0];\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop: int = que.popleft()\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(que)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(que) == 0\n</code></pre> queue_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nqueue := list.New()\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.PushBack(1)\nqueue.PushBack(3)\nqueue.PushBack(2)\nqueue.PushBack(5)\nqueue.PushBack(4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := queue.Front()\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\npop := queue.Front()\nqueue.Remove(pop)\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := queue.Len()\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := queue.Len() == 0\n</code></pre> queue.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst queue = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n</code></pre> queue.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst queue: number[] = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n</code></pre> queue.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u961f\u5217\n</code></pre> queue.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue&lt;int&gt; queue = new();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.Enqueue(1);\nqueue.Enqueue(3);\nqueue.Enqueue(2);\nqueue.Enqueue(5);\nqueue.Enqueue(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.Peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.Dequeue();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.Count == 0;\n</code></pre> queue.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar queue: [Int] = []\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.append(1)\nqueue.append(3)\nqueue.append(2)\nqueue.append(5)\nqueue.append(4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = queue.first!\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 removeFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet pool = queue.removeFirst()\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = queue.count\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = queue.isEmpty\n</code></pre> queue.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> queue.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7c7b Qeque \u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\nQueue&lt;int&gt; queue = Queue();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.add(1);\nqueue.add(3);\nqueue.add(2);\nqueue.add(5);\nqueue.add(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.first;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.removeFirst();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.isEmpty;\n</code></pre> queue.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#522","title":"5.2.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u5206\u522b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u961f\u5c3e\u4ec5\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u4ec5\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> LinkedListQueuepush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linkedlist_queue.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate int queSize = 0;\npublic LinkedListQueue() {\nfront = null;\nrear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (front == null) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nrear.next = node;\nrear = node;\n}\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfront = front.next;\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn front.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate:\nListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nint queSize;\npublic:\nLinkedListQueue() {\nfront = nullptr;\nrear = nullptr;\nqueSize = 0;\n}\n~LinkedListQueue() {\n// \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfreeMemoryLinkedList(front);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (front == nullptr) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse {\nrear-&gt;next = node;\nrear = node;\n}\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode *tmp = front;\nfront = front-&gt;next;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete tmp;\nqueSize--;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nListNode *node = front;\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(size());\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.size(); i++) {\nres[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.py<pre><code>class LinkedListQueue:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nself.__rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nself.__size: int = 0\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn not self.__front\ndef push(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n# \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nnode = ListNode(num)\n# \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif self.__front is None:\nself.__front = node\nself.__rear = node\n# \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse:\nself.__rear.next = node\nself.__rear = node\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum = self.peek()\n# \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nself.__front = self.__front.next\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.size() == 0:\nprint(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn False\nreturn self.__front.val\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nqueue = []\ntemp = self.__front\nwhile temp:\nqueue.append(temp.val)\ntemp = temp.next\nreturn queue\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListQueue struct {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\ndata *list.List\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListQueue() *linkedListQueue {\nreturn &amp;linkedListQueue{\ndata: list.New(),\n}\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) push(value any) {\ns.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) pop() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) peek() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) size() int {\nreturn s.data.Len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) toList() *list.List {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n#front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 #front\n#rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 #rear\n#queSize = 0;\nconstructor() {\nthis.#front = null;\nthis.#rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (!this.#front) {\nthis.#front = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nthis.#rear.next = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n}\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop() {\nconst num = this.peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#front = this.#front.next;\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nif (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#front.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray() {\nlet node = this.#front;\nconst res = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate front: ListNode | null; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nprivate rear: ListNode | null; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate queSize: number = 0;\nconstructor() {\nthis.front = null;\nthis.rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num: number): void {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (!this.front) {\nthis.front = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nthis.rear!.next = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n}\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop(): number {\nconst num = this.peek();\nif (!this.front) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.front = this.front.next;\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nif (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.front!.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray(): number[] {\nlet node = this.front;\nconst res = new Array&lt;number&gt;(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node!.val;\nnode = node!.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct linkedListQueue {\nListNode *front, *rear;\nint queSize;\n};\ntypedef struct linkedListQueue linkedListQueue;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nlinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {\nlinkedListQueue *queue = (linkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListQueue));\nqueue-&gt;front = NULL;\nqueue-&gt;rear = NULL;\nqueue-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn queue;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListQueue(linkedListQueue *queue) {\n// \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; queue-&gt;queSize &amp;&amp; queue-&gt;front != NULL; i++) {\nListNode *tmp = queue-&gt;front;\nqueue-&gt;front = queue-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nfree(tmp);\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e queue \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nfree(queue);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nreturn (size(queue) == 0);\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(linkedListQueue *queue, int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0 node\nListNode *node = newListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (queue-&gt;front == NULL) {\nqueue-&gt;front = node;\nqueue-&gt;rear = node;\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse {\nqueue-&gt;rear-&gt;next = node;\nqueue-&gt;rear = node;\n}\nqueue-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nassert(size(queue) &amp;&amp; queue-&gt;front);\nreturn queue-&gt;front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nint num = peek(queue);\nListNode *tmp = queue-&gt;front;\nqueue-&gt;front = queue-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nfree(tmp);\nqueue-&gt;queSize--;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListQueue(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nint arr[queue-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\nint i;\nListNode *node;\nfor (i = 0, node = queue-&gt;front; i &lt; queue-&gt;queSize &amp;&amp; queue-&gt;front != queue-&gt;rear; i++) {\narr[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nprintArray(arr, queue-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate ListNode? front, rear;  // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \nprivate int queSize = 0;\npublic LinkedListQueue() {\nfront = null;\nrear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (front == null) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else if (rear != null) {\nrear.next = node;\nrear = node;\n}\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfront = front?.next;\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0 || front == null)\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn front.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nif (front == null)\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.Length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9\nprivate var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nprivate var _size = 0\ninit() {}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\n_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nlet node = ListNode(x: num)\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif front == nil {\nfront = node\nrear = node\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse {\nrear?.next = node\nrear = node\n}\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peek()\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfront = front?.next\n_size -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn front!.val\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar node = front\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\nfor i in res.indices {\nres[i] = node!.val\nnode = node?.next\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListQueue(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nfront: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                 // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nque_size: usize = 0,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.front = null;\nself.rear = null;\nself.que_size = 0;\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.front.?.val;\n}  // \u5165\u961f\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (self.front == null) {\nself.front = node;\nself.rear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nself.rear.?.next = node;\nself.rear = node;\n}\nself.que_size += 1;\n} // \u51fa\u961f\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nself.front = self.front.?.next;\nself.que_size -= 1;\nreturn num;\n} // \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\nvar node = self.front;\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; res.len) : (i += 1) {\nres[i] = node.?.val;\nnode = node.?.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\nListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\nint _queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nLinkedListQueue() {\n_front = null;\n_rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nfinal node = ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (_front == null) {\n_front = node;\n_rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n_rear!.next = node;\n_rear = node;\n}\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop() {\nfinal int num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n_front = _front!.next;\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (_queSize == 0) {\nthrow Exception('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n}\nreturn _front!.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\nListNode? node = _front;\nfinal List&lt;int&gt; queue = [];\nwhile (node != null) {\nqueue.add(node.val);\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn queue;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListQueue&lt;T&gt; {\nfront: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \nque_size: usize,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl&lt;T: Copy&gt; LinkedListQueue&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nfront: None,\nrear: None,\nque_size: 0, }\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npub fn push(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nlet new_rear = ListNode::new(num);\nmatch self.rear.take() {\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nSome(old_rear) =&gt; {\nold_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(new_rear.clone());\nself.rear = Some(new_rear);\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nNone =&gt; {\nself.front = Some(new_rear.clone());\nself.rear = Some(new_rear);\n}\n}\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npub fn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nself.front.take().map(|old_front| {\nmatch old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\nSome(new_front) =&gt; {\nself.front = Some(new_front);\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.rear.take();\n}\n}\nself.que_size -= 1;\nRc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.front.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npub fn to_array(&amp;self, head: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;T&gt; {\nif let Some(node) = head {\nlet mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\nnums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\nreturn nums;\n}\nreturn Vec::new();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de7\u5999\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <code>front</code> \u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <code>queSize</code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>rear = front + queSize</code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 <code>rear</code> \u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p> <p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u6548\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [front, rear - 1]\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9 <code>rear</code> \u7d22\u5f15\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 <code>queSize</code> \u589e\u52a0 1 \u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06 <code>front</code> \u589e\u52a0 1 \uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 <code>queSize</code> \u51cf\u5c11 1 \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> ArrayQueuepush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<code>front</code> \u548c <code>rear</code> \u90fd\u5728\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u79fb\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u89c6\u4e3a\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba9 <code>front</code> \u6216 <code>rear</code> \u5728\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_queue.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\npublic ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\nnums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (front + queSize) % capacity();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % capacity();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[j % capacity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate:\nint *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;     // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nint queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\npublic:\nArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = new int[capacity];\nqueCapacity = capacity;\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n~ArrayQueue() {\ndelete[] nums;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn queCapacity;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\nif (queSize == queCapacity) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (front + queSize) % queCapacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % queCapacity;\nqueSize--;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (empty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvector&lt;int&gt; arr(queSize);\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = nums[j % queCapacity];\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_queue.py<pre><code>class ArrayQueue:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, size: int):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__nums: list[int] = [0] * size  # \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nself.__front: int = 0  # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nself.__size: int = 0  # \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\ndef capacity(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__nums)\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size == 0\ndef push(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nraise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nrear: int = (self.__front + self.__size) % self.capacity()\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.__nums[rear] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum: int = self.peek()\n# \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nself.__front = (self.__front + 1) % self.capacity()\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__nums[self.__front]\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nres = [0] * self.size()\nj: int = self.__front\nfor i in range(self.size()):\nres[i] = self.__nums[(j % self.capacity())]\nj += 1\nreturn res\n</code></pre> array_queue.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayQueue struct {\nnums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nqueSize     int   // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nqueCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayQueue(queCapacity int) *arrayQueue {\nreturn &amp;arrayQueue{\nnums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\nqueCapacity: queCapacity,\nfront:       0,\nqueSize:     0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) size() int {\nreturn q.queSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn q.queSize == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) push(num int) {\n// \u5f53 rear == queCapacity \u8868\u793a\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\nif q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nrear := (q.front + q.queSize) % q.queCapacity\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nq.nums[rear] = num\nq.queSize++\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) pop() any {\nnum := q.peek()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nq.front = (q.front + 1) % q.queCapacity\nq.queSize--\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) peek() any {\nif q.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn q.nums[q.front]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) toSlice() []int {\nrear := (q.front + q.queSize)\nif rear &gt;= q.queCapacity {\nrear %= q.queCapacity\nreturn append(q.nums[q.front:], q.nums[:rear]...)\n}\nreturn q.nums[q.front:rear]\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n#nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n#front = 0; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n#queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor(capacity) {\nthis.#nums = new Array(capacity);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nget capacity() {\nreturn this.#nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num) {\nif (this.size === this.capacity) {\nconsole.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nconst rear = (this.#front + this.size) % this.capacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.#nums[rear] = num;\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop() {\nconst num = this.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nthis.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#nums[this.#front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst arr = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i &lt; this.size; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = this.#nums[j % this.capacity];\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate queSize: number; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor(capacity: number) {\nthis.nums = new Array(capacity);\nthis.front = this.queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nget capacity(): number {\nreturn this.nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty(): boolean {\nreturn this.queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num: number): void {\nif (this.size === this.capacity) {\nconsole.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nconst rear = (this.front + this.queSize) % this.capacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.nums[rear] = num;\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop(): number {\nconst num = this.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nthis.front = (this.front + 1) % this.capacity;\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.nums[this.front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray(): number[] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst arr = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.front; i &lt; this.size; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = this.nums[j % this.capacity];\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct arrayQueue {\nint *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\nint queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct arrayQueue arrayQueue;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {\narrayQueue *queue = (arrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(arrayQueue));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nqueue-&gt;queCapacity = capacity;\nqueue-&gt;nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * queue-&gt;queCapacity);\nqueue-&gt;front = queue-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn queue;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayQueue(arrayQueue *queue) {\nfree(queue-&gt;nums);\nqueue-&gt;queCapacity = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(arrayQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queCapacity;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(arrayQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(arrayQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(arrayQueue *queue) {\nassert(size(queue) != 0);\nreturn queue-&gt;nums[queue-&gt;front];\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(arrayQueue *queue, int num) {\nif (size(queue) == capacity(queue)) {\nprintf(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (queue-&gt;front + queue-&gt;queSize) % queue-&gt;queCapacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nqueue-&gt;nums[rear] = num;\nqueue-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop(arrayQueue *queue) {\nint num = peek(queue);\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nqueue-&gt;front = (queue-&gt;front + 1) % queue-&gt;queCapacity;\nqueue-&gt;queSize--;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printArrayQueue(arrayQueue *queue) {\nint arr[queue-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\nfor (int i = 0, j = queue-&gt;front; i &lt; queue-&gt;queSize; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = queue-&gt;nums[j % queue-&gt;queCapacity];\n}\nprintArray(arr, queue-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\npublic ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\nnums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.Length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (front + queSize) % capacity();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % capacity();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[j % this.capacity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate var front = 0 // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate var queSize = 0 // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\ninit(capacity: Int) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc capacity() -&gt; Int {\nnums.count\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nqueSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nqueSize == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\nif size() == capacity() {\nprint(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nlet rear = (front + queSize) % capacity()\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num\nqueSize += 1\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peek()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % capacity()\nqueSize -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn nums[front]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: queSize)\nfor (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 &lt; self.queSize - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\nres[i] = nums[j % capacity()]\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn ArrayQueue(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nnums: []T = undefined,                          // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4     \ncap: usize = 0,                                 // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\nfront: usize = 0,                               // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nqueSize: usize = 0,                             // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cap: usize) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.cap = cap;\nself.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.cap);\n@memset(self.nums, @as(T, 0));\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\npub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.cap;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.queSize;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.queSize == 0;\n}\n// \u5165\u961f\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\nif (self.size() == self.capacity()) {\nstd.debug.print(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\n\", .{});\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nvar rear = (self.front + self.queSize) % self.capacity();\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nself.nums[rear] = num;\nself.queSize += 1;\n} // \u51fa\u961f\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nself.front = (self.front + 1) % self.capacity();\nself.queSize -= 1;\nreturn num;\n} // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.nums[self.front];\n} // \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nvar j: usize = self.front;\nwhile (i &lt; self.size()) : ({ i += 1; j += 1; }) {\nres[i] = self.nums[j % self.capacity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5b58\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nlate int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlate int _queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n_nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\n_front = _queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capaCity() {\nreturn _nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\nif (_queSize == capaCity()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (_front + _queSize) % capaCity();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n_nums[rear] = num;\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n_front = (_front + 1) % capaCity();\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _nums[_front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nfinal List&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\nfor (int i = 0, j = _front; i &lt; _queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = _nums[j % capaCity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayQueue {\nnums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront: i32,         // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nque_size: i32,      // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nque_capacity: i32,  // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n}\nimpl ArrayQueue {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new(capacity: i32) -&gt; ArrayQueue {\nArrayQueue {\nnums: vec![0; capacity as usize],\nfront: 0,\nque_size: 0,\nque_capacity: capacity,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfn capacity(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nself.que_capacity\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn size(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nself.que_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nself.que_size == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfn push(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\nif self.que_size == self.capacity() {\nprintln!(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nlet rear = (self.front + self.que_size) % self.que_capacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.nums[rear as usize] = num;\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\nlet num = self.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nself.front = (self.front + 1) % self.que_capacity;\nself.que_size -= 1;\nnum\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nif self.is_empty() {\npanic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n}\nself.nums[self.front as usize]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn to_vector(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet cap = self.que_capacity;\nlet mut j = self.front;\nlet mut arr = vec![0; self.que_size as usize];\nfor i in 0..self.que_size {\narr[i as usize] = self.nums[(j % cap) as usize];\nj += 1;\n}\narr\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u6808\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#523","title":"5.2.3 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u6dd8\u5b9d\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u8005\u4e0b\u5355\u540e\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6d77\u91cf\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u653b\u514b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u5404\u7c7b\u5f85\u529e\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5148\u6765\u540e\u5230\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u3001\u9910\u5385\u7684\u51fa\u9910\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u3002\u961f\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5904\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/","title":"5.1 \u00a0 \u6808","text":"<p>\u300c\u6808 stack\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6808\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u645e\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u51fa\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u76d8\u5b50\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6808\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5806\u53e0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5e95\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u5e95\u201d\u3002\u5c06\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5165\u6808\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5220\u9664\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u89c4\u5219 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#511","title":"5.1.1 \u00a0 \u6808\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u6808\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 <code>push()</code> , <code>pop()</code> , <code>peek()</code> \u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6808\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5 \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6808\u9876\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u89c6\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u6808\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust stack.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack&lt;Integer&gt; stack = new Stack&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();\n</code></pre> stack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nstack&lt;int&gt; stack;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top = stack.top();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nstack.pop(); // \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = stack.empty();\n</code></pre> stack.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\n# Python \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a List \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nstack: list[int] = []\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = stack[-1]\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808\npop: int = stack.pop()\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(stack)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(stack) == 0\n</code></pre> stack_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5c06 Slice \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack []int\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack = append(stack, 1)\nstack = append(stack, 3)\nstack = append(stack, 2)\nstack = append(stack, 5)\nstack = append(stack, 4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := stack[len(stack)-1]\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\npop := stack[len(stack)-1]\nstack = stack[:len(stack)-1]\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := len(stack)\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := len(stack) == 0\n</code></pre> stack.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Javascript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length-1];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n</code></pre> stack.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Typescript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack: number[] = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length - 1];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n</code></pre> stack.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u6808\n</code></pre> stack.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack&lt;int&gt; stack = new ();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.Push(1);\nstack.Push(3);\nstack.Push(2);\nstack.Push(5);\nstack.Push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.Peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.Pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.Count == 0;\n</code></pre> stack.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack: [Int] = []\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = stack.last!\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nlet pop = stack.removeLast()\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = stack.count\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = stack.isEmpty\n</code></pre> stack.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> stack.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Dart \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a List \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nList&lt;int&gt; stack = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.add(1);\nstack.add(3);\nstack.add(2);\nstack.add(5);\nstack.add(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.last;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.removeLast();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.isEmpty;\n</code></pre> stack.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#512","title":"5.1.2 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u6808\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u7c7b\u3002</p> <p>\u6808\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5c4f\u853d\u201d\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7b26\u5408\u6808\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u5e95\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> LinkedListStackpush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linkedlist_stack.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate ListNode stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate int stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListStack() {\nstackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = stackPeek;\nstackPeek = node;\nstkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\nstackPeek = stackPeek.next;\nstkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = stackPeek;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = res.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate:\nListNode *stackTop; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nint stkSize;        // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic:\nLinkedListStack() {\nstackTop = nullptr;\nstkSize = 0;\n}\n~LinkedListStack() {\n// \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfreeMemoryLinkedList(stackTop);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\nListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\nnode-&gt;next = stackTop;\nstackTop = node;\nstkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nvoid pop() {\nint num = top();\nListNode *tmp = stackTop;\nstackTop = stackTop-&gt;next;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete tmp;\nstkSize--;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn stackTop-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nListNode *node = stackTop;\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(size());\nfor (int i = res.size() - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.py<pre><code>class LinkedListStack:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__peek: ListNode | None = None\nself.__size: int = 0\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn not self.__peek\ndef push(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\nnode = ListNode(val)\nnode.next = self.__peek\nself.__peek = node\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\nnum: int = self.peek()\nself.__peek = self.__peek.next\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif not self.__peek:\nreturn None\nreturn self.__peek.val\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\narr = []\nnode = self.__peek\nwhile node:\narr.append(node.val)\nnode = node.next\narr.reverse()\nreturn arr\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype linkedListStack struct {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\ndata *list.List\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newLinkedListStack() *linkedListStack {\nreturn &amp;linkedListStack{\ndata: list.New(),\n}\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) push(value int) {\ns.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) pop() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) peek() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) size() int {\nreturn s.data.Len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) toList() *list.List {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n#stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n#stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.#stackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num) {\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = this.#stackPeek;\nthis.#stackPeek = node;\nthis.#stkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop() {\nconst num = this.peek();\nthis.#stackPeek = this.#stackPeek.next;\nthis.#stkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nif (!this.#stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray() {\nlet node = this.#stackPeek;\nconst res = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = res.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate stackPeek: ListNode | null; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate stkSize: number = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.stackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num: number): void {\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = this.stackPeek;\nthis.stackPeek = node;\nthis.stkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop(): number {\nconst num = this.peek();\nif (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nthis.stackPeek = this.stackPeek.next;\nthis.stkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nif (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray(): number[] {\nlet node = this.stackPeek;\nconst res = new Array&lt;number&gt;(this.size);\nfor (let i = res.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node!.val;\nnode = node!.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct linkedListStack {\nListNode *top; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nint size;      // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n};\ntypedef struct linkedListStack linkedListStack;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nlinkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {\nlinkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(linkedListStack));\ns-&gt;top = NULL;\ns-&gt;size = 0;\nreturn s;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListStack(linkedListStack *s) {\nwhile (s-&gt;top) {\nListNode *n = s-&gt;top-&gt;next;\nfree(s-&gt;top);\ns-&gt;top = n;\n}\nfree(s);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(linkedListStack *s) {\nassert(s);\nreturn s-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(linkedListStack *s) {\nassert(s);\nreturn size(s) == 0;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(linkedListStack *s) {\nassert(s);\nassert(size(s) != 0);\nreturn s-&gt;top-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(linkedListStack *s, int num) {\nassert(s);\nListNode *node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\nnode-&gt;next = s-&gt;top; // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u57df\nnode-&gt;val = num;     // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u57df\ns-&gt;top = node;       // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u9876\ns-&gt;size++;           // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(linkedListStack *s) {\nif (s-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"stack is empty.\\n\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\nassert(s);\nint val = peek(s);\nListNode *tmp = s-&gt;top;\ns-&gt;top = s-&gt;top-&gt;next;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfree(tmp);\ns-&gt;size--;\nreturn val;\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate ListNode? stackPeek;  // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate int stkSize = 0;   // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListStack() {\nstackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = stackPeek;\nstackPeek = node;\nstkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nif (stackPeek == null)\nthrow new Exception();\nint num = peek();\nstackPeek = stackPeek.next;\nstkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0 || stackPeek == null)\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nif (stackPeek == null)\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\nListNode node = stackPeek;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = res.Length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate var _peek: ListNode? // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate var _size = 0 // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ninit() {}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\n_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\nlet node = ListNode(x: num)\nnode.next = _peek\n_peek = node\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peek()\n_peek = _peek?.next\n_size -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn _peek!.val\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar node = _peek\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\nfor i in sequence(first: res.count - 1, next: { $0 &gt;= 0 + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\nres[i] = node!.val\nnode = node?.next\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn LinkedListStack(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nstack_top: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,             // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nstk_size: usize = 0,                             // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,    // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.stack_top = null;\nself.stk_size = 0;\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.stk_size;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.stack_top.?.val;\n}  // \u5165\u6808\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\nnode.next = self.stack_top;\nself.stack_top = node;\nself.stk_size += 1;\n} // \u51fa\u6808\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.peek();\nself.stack_top = self.stack_top.?.next;\nself.stk_size -= 1;\nreturn num;\n} // \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\nvar node = self.stack_top;\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; res.len) : (i += 1) {\nres[res.len - i - 1] = node.?.val;\nnode = node.?.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nListNode? _stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nint _stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nLinkedListStack() {\n_stackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _stkSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\nfinal ListNode node = ListNode(num);\nnode.next = _stackPeek;\n_stackPeek = node;\n_stkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop() {\nfinal int num = peek();\n_stackPeek = _stackPeek!.next;\n_stkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (_stackPeek == null) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _stackPeek!.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a List \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nList&lt;int&gt; toList() {\nListNode? node = _stackPeek;\nList&lt;int&gt; list = [];\nwhile (node != null) {\nlist.add(node.val);\nnode = node.next;\n}\nlist = list.reversed.toList();\nreturn list;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListStack&lt;T&gt; {\nstack_peek: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,   // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nstk_size: usize,                                // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl&lt;T: Copy&gt; LinkedListStack&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nstack_peek: None,\nstk_size: 0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.stk_size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npub fn push(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nlet node = ListNode::new(num);\nnode.borrow_mut().next = self.stack_peek.take();\nself.stack_peek = Some(node);\nself.stk_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npub fn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nself.stack_peek.take().map(|old_head| {\nmatch old_head.borrow_mut().next.take() {\nSome(new_head) =&gt; {\nself.stack_peek = Some(new_head);\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.stack_peek = None;\n}\n}\nself.stk_size -= 1;\nRc::try_unwrap(old_head).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.stack_peek.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npub fn to_array(&amp;self, head: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;T&gt; {\nif let Some(node) = head {\nlet mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\nnums.push(node.borrow().val);\nreturn nums;\n}\nreturn Vec::new();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> ArrayStackpush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_stack.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; stack;\npublic ArrayStack() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nstack = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stack.size();\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nstack.add(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn stack.remove(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn stack.get(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic Object[] toArray() {\nreturn stack.toArray();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate:\nvector&lt;int&gt; stack;\npublic:\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn stack.size();\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn stack.empty();\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\nstack.push_back(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nvoid pop() {\nint oldTop = top();\nstack.pop_back();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top() {\nif (empty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn stack.back();\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Vector */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nreturn stack;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_stack.py<pre><code>class ArrayStack:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__stack: list[int] = []\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__stack)\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.__stack == []\ndef push(self, item: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\nself.__stack.append(item)\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__stack.pop()\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__stack[-1]\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nreturn self.__stack\n</code></pre> array_stack.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype arrayStack struct {\ndata []int // \u6570\u636e\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newArrayStack() *arrayStack {\nreturn &amp;arrayStack{\n// \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 16\ndata: make([]int, 0, 16),\n}\n}\n/* \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) size() int {\nreturn len(s.data)\n}\n/* \u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.size() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) push(v int) {\n// \u5207\u7247\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u5bb9\ns.data = append(s.data, v)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) pop() any {\nval := s.peek()\ns.data = s.data[:len(s.data)-1]\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) peek() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\nval := s.data[len(s.data)-1]\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) toSlice() []int {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n#stack;\nconstructor() {\nthis.#stack = [];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#stack.length;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty() {\nreturn this.#stack.length === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num) {\nthis.#stack.push(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop() {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#stack.pop();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\ntop() {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#stack[this.#stack.length - 1];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray() {\nreturn this.#stack;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate stack: number[];\nconstructor() {\nthis.stack = [];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.stack.length;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty(): boolean {\nreturn this.stack.length === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num: number): void {\nthis.stack.push(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop(): number | undefined {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.stack.pop();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\ntop(): number | undefined {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray() {\nreturn this.stack;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct arrayStack {\nint *data;\nint size;\n};\ntypedef struct arrayStack arrayStack;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayStack *newArrayStack() {\narrayStack *s = malloc(sizeof(arrayStack));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9\ns-&gt;data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\ns-&gt;size = 0;\nreturn s;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(arrayStack *s) {\nreturn s-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(arrayStack *s) {\nreturn s-&gt;size == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(arrayStack *s, int num) {\nif (s-&gt;size == MAX_SIZE) {\nprintf(\"stack is full.\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\ns-&gt;data[s-&gt;size] = num;\ns-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(arrayStack *s) {\nif (s-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"stack is empty.\\n\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\nreturn s-&gt;data[s-&gt;size - 1];\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(arrayStack *s) {\nif (s-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"stack is empty.\\n\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\nint val = peek(s);\ns-&gt;size--;\nreturn val;\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate List&lt;int&gt; stack;\npublic ArrayStack() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nstack = new();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stack.Count();\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nstack.Add(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new Exception();\nvar val = peek();\nstack.RemoveAt(size() - 1);\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn stack[size() - 1];\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nreturn stack.ToArray();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate var stack: [Int]\ninit() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nstack = []\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nstack.count\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nstack.isEmpty\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\nstack.append(num)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn stack.removeLast()\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn stack.last!\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nstack\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn ArrayStack(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nstack: ?std.ArrayList(T) = null,     // \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {\nif (self.stack == null) {\nself.stack = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n}\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.stack == null) return;\nself.stack.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.stack.?.items.len;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.stack.?.items[self.size() - 1];\n}  // \u5165\u6808\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\ntry self.stack.?.append(num);\n} // \u51fa\u6808\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.stack.?.pop();\nreturn num;\n} // \u8fd4\u56de ArrayList\npub fn toList(self: *Self) std.ArrayList(T) {\nreturn self.stack.?;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _stack;\nArrayStack() {\n_stack = [];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _stack.length;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _stack.isEmpty;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\n_stack.add(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _stack.removeLast();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _stack.last;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() =&gt; _stack;\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct ArrayStack&lt;T&gt; {\nstack: Vec&lt;T&gt;,\n}\nimpl&lt;T&gt; ArrayStack&lt;T&gt; {\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfn new() -&gt; ArrayStack&lt;T&gt; {\nArrayStack::&lt;T&gt; { stack: Vec::&lt;T&gt;::new() }\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.stack.len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nself.size() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfn push(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nself.stack.push(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nmatch self.stack.pop() {\nSome(num) =&gt; Some(num),\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;T&gt; {\nif self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\nself.stack.last()\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de &amp;Vec */\nfn to_array(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;Vec&lt;T&gt; {\n&amp;self.stack\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#513","title":"5.1.3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":""},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u652f\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6808\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u989d\u5916\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6808\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u548c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u672c\u5730\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982 <code>int</code> , <code>double</code> \uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5bb9\u662f\u4f4e\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u500d\u7387\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 2 \u500d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#514","title":"5.1.4 \u00a0 \u6808\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u9000\u4e0e\u524d\u8fdb\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u4e0e\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875\u9762\u3002\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u540e\u9000\u548c\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u6765\u914d\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\u9636\u6bb5\u5219\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/","title":"5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u6808\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002</li> <li>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/#541-q-a","title":"5.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f</p> <p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u6808\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\uff1b\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4ece\u6808\u9876\u5f39\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7ae0\u8282\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u51fa\u6808\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6808\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f39\u51fa\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u82e5\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\uff0c<code>Java</code> \u548c <code>Python</code> \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5728 <code>C</code> \u548c <code>C++</code> \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002</p> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u50cf\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u63a5\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</p> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6808 + \u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/","title":"\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6811","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u53c2\u5929\u5927\u6811\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u6df1\u53f6\u8302\uff0c\u5206\u679d\u6276\u758f\u3002</p> <p>\u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811</li> <li>7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386</li> <li>7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a</li> <li>7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811</li> <li>7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *</li> <li>7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/","title":"7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9 <code>TreeNode</code> \uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#731","title":"7.3.1 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u5148\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\uff1a\u82e5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#732","title":"7.3.2 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u7136\u800c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b \\(\\text{None}\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u63a8\u6d4b \\(\\text{None}\\) \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 </p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u6240\u6709 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e86\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nInteger[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c INT_MAX \u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvector&lt;int&gt; tree = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\n# \u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree = [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 any \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5207\u7247, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree := []any{1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: (number | null)[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a INT_MAX\nint tree[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nint?[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: [Int?] = [1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15]\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;int?&gt; tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\\(\\text{None}\\) \u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e14\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u4e00\u5b9a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709 \\(\\text{None}\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3001\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u83b7\u53d6\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_binary_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nprivate List&lt;Integer&gt; tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayBinaryTree(List&lt;Integer&gt; arr) {\ntree = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(arr);\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn tree.size();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\npublic Integer val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size())\nreturn null;\nreturn tree.get(i);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic Integer left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic Integer right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic Integer parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; levelOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i) != null)\nres.add(val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nprivate void dfs(Integer i, String order, List&lt;Integer&gt; res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(i) == null)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"pre\")\nres.add(val(i));\ndfs(left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"in\")\nres.add(val(i));\ndfs(right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"post\")\nres.add(val(i));\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; preOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; inOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; postOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayBinaryTree(vector&lt;int&gt; arr) {\ntree = arr;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn tree.size();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size())\nreturn INT_MAX;\nreturn tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; levelOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i) != INT_MAX)\nres.push_back(val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; preOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\ndfs(0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; inOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\ndfs(0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; postOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\ndfs(0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\nprivate:\nvector&lt;int&gt; tree;\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(int i, string order, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(i) == INT_MAX)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"pre\")\nres.push_back(val(i));\ndfs(left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"in\")\nres.push_back(val(i));\ndfs(right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"post\")\nres.push_back(val(i));\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.py<pre><code>class ArrayBinaryTree:\n\"\"\"\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, arr: list[int | None]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__tree = list(arr)\ndef size(self):\n\"\"\"\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__tree)\ndef val(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 or i &gt;= self.size():\nreturn None\nreturn self.__tree[i]\ndef left(self, i: int) -&gt; int | None:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 1\ndef right(self, i: int) -&gt; int | None:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 2\ndef parent(self, i: int) -&gt; int | None:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn (i - 1) // 2\ndef level_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in range(self.size()):\nif self.val(i) is not None:\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\nreturn self.res\ndef __dfs(self, i: int, order: str):\n\"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif self.val(i) is None:\nreturn\n# \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\":\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\nself.__dfs(self.left(i), order)\n# \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\":\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\nself.__dfs(self.right(i), order)\n# \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\":\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\ndef pre_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\nself.__dfs(0, order=\"pre\")\nreturn self.res\ndef in_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\nself.__dfs(0, order=\"in\")\nreturn self.res\ndef post_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\nself.__dfs(0, order=\"post\")\nreturn self.res\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\ntype arrayBinaryTree struct {\ntree []any\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newArrayBinaryTree(arr []any) *arrayBinaryTree {\nreturn &amp;arrayBinaryTree{\ntree: arr,\n}\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) size() int {\nreturn len(abt.tree)\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) val(i int) any {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= abt.size() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn abt.tree[i]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) left(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) right(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) parent(i int) int {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) levelOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i := 0; i &lt; abt.size(); i++ {\nif abt.val(i) != nil {\nres = append(res, abt.val(i))\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) dfs(i int, order string, res *[]any) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif abt.val(i) == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\" {\n*res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n}\nabt.dfs(abt.left(i), order, res)\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\" {\n*res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n}\nabt.dfs(abt.right(i), order, res)\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\" {\n*res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) preOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\nabt.dfs(0, \"pre\", &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) inOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\nabt.dfs(0, \"in\", &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) postOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\nabt.dfs(0, \"post\", &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n#tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(arr) {\nthis.#tree = arr;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize() {\nreturn this.#tree.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nval(i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size()) return null;\nreturn this.#tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nlevelOrder() {\nlet res = [];\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.size(); i++) {\nif (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n#dfs(i, order, res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.val(i) === null) return;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npreOrder() {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\ninOrder() {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npostOrder() {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n#tree: (number | null)[];\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(arr: (number | null)[]) {\nthis.#tree = arr;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.#tree.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nval(i: number): number | null {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size()) return null;\nreturn this.#tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i: number): number {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nlevelOrder(): number[] {\nlet res = [];\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.size(); i++) {\nif (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n#dfs(i: number, order: Order, res: (number | null)[]): void {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.val(i) === null) return;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npreOrder(): (number | null)[] {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\ninOrder(): (number | null)[] {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npostOrder(): (number | null)[] {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nstruct arrayBinaryTree {\nvector *tree;\n};\ntypedef struct arrayBinaryTree arrayBinaryTree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(vector *arr) {\narrayBinaryTree *newABT = malloc(sizeof(arrayBinaryTree));\nnewABT-&gt;tree = arr;\nreturn newABT;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nreturn abt-&gt;tree-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint val(arrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size(abt))\nreturn INT_MAX;\nreturn *(int *)abt-&gt;tree-&gt;data[i];\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(arrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, const char *order, vector *res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(abt, i) == INT_MAX)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (strcmp(order, \"pre\") == 0) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(tmp));\n}\ndfs(abt, left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (strcmp(order, \"in\") == 0) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(tmp));\n}\ndfs(abt, right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (strcmp(order, \"post\") == 0) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(tmp));\n}\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *levelOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(abt); i++) {\nif (val(abt, i) != INT_MAX) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(int));\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *preOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\ndfs(abt, 0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *inOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\ndfs(abt, 0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *postOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\ndfs(abt, 0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nprivate List&lt;int?&gt; tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayBinaryTree(List&lt;int?&gt; arr) {\ntree = new List&lt;int?&gt;(arr);\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn tree.Count;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\npublic int? val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size())\nreturn null;\nreturn tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic int left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic int right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic int parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; levelOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i).HasValue)\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nprivate void dfs(int i, string order, List&lt;int&gt; res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (!val(i).HasValue)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"pre\")\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\ndfs(left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"in\")\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\ndfs(right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"post\")\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; preOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; inOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; postOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nprivate var tree: [Int?]\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit(arr: [Int?]) {\ntree = arr\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\ntree.count\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfunc val(i: Int) -&gt; Int? {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn tree[i]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc left(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc right(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc parent(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n(i - 1) / 2\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: size(), by: 1) {\nif let val = val(i: i) {\nres.append(val)\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nprivate func dfs(i: Int, order: String, res: inout [Int]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nguard let val = val(i: i) else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\" {\nres.append(val)\n}\ndfs(i: left(i: i), order: order, res: &amp;res)\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\" {\nres.append(val)\n}\ndfs(i: right(i: i), order: order, res: &amp;res)\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\" {\nres.append(val)\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\ndfs(i: 0, order: \"pre\", res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\ndfs(i: 0, order: \"in\", res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\ndfs(i: 0, order: \"post\", res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.zig<pre><code>[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nlate List&lt;int?&gt; _tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayBinaryTree(this._tree);\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn _tree.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint? val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size()) {\nreturn null;\n}\nreturn _tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint? left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint? right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint? parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) ~/ 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int&gt; levelOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i) != null) {\nres.add(val(i)!);\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(int i, String order, List&lt;int?&gt; res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(i) == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == 'pre') {\nres.add(val(i));\n}\ndfs(left(i)!, order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == 'in') {\nres.add(val(i));\n}\ndfs(right(i)!, order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == 'post') {\nres.add(val(i));\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int?&gt; preOrder() {\nList&lt;int?&gt; res = [];\ndfs(0, 'pre', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int?&gt; inOrder() {\nList&lt;int?&gt; res = [];\ndfs(0, 'in', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int?&gt; postOrder() {\nList&lt;int?&gt; res = [];\ndfs(0, 'post', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nstruct ArrayBinaryTree {\ntree: Vec&lt;Option&lt;i32&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl ArrayBinaryTree {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new(arr: Vec&lt;Option&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Self {\nSelf { tree: arr }\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfn size(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nself.tree.len() as i32\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfn val(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= self.size() {\nNone\n} else {\nself.tree[i as usize]\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn left(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn right(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn parent(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n(i - 1) / 2\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn level_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in 0..self.size() {\nif let Some(val) = self.val(i) {\nres.push(val)\n}\n}\nres\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nfn dfs(&amp;self, i: i32, order: &amp;str, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\nif self.val(i).is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nlet val = self.val(i).unwrap();\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\" {\nres.push(val);\n}\nself.dfs(self.left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\" {\nres.push(val);\n}\nself.dfs(self.right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\" {\nres.push(val);\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn pre_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\nself.dfs(0, \"pre\", &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn in_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\nself.dfs(0, \"in\", &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn post_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\nself.dfs(0, \"post\", &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#733","title":"7.3.3 \u00a0 \u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5141\u8bb8\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6811\u3002</li> <li>\u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf \\(\\text{None}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u91cd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/","title":"7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c06\u4ece \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6076\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\)\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aAVL \u6811\u5728\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316 </p> <p>\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6811\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5411\u5de6\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6076\u5316\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aAVL \u6811\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316 </p> <p>G. M. Adelson-Velsky \u548c E. M. Landis \u5728\u5176 1962 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587 \"An algorithm for the organization of information\" \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300cAVL \u6811\u300d\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0cAVL \u6811\u80fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#751-avl","title":"7.5.1 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u65e2\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 balanced binary search tree\u300d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c AVL \u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e3a AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u6dfb\u52a0 <code>height</code> \u53d8\u91cf\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\npublic int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npublic int height;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\npublic TreeNode left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val{};          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nint height = 0;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nTreeNode *left{};   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *right{};  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode() = default;\nexplicit TreeNode(int x) : val(x){}\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class TreeNode:\n\"\"\"AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                    # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.height: int = 0                   # \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.left: Optional[TreeNode] = None   # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nself.right: Optional[TreeNode] = None  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\nVal    int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nHeight int       // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nLeft   *TreeNode // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nRight  *TreeNode // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nval; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nheight; //\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nleft; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nright; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nconstructor(val, left, right, height) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\nthis.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height;\nthis.left = left === undefined ? null : left;\nthis.right = right === undefined ? null : right;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nval: number;            // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nheight: number;         // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nleft: TreeNode | null;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nright: TreeNode | null; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nconstructor(val?: number, height?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\nthis.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height; this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val;\nint height;\nstruct TreeNode *left;\nstruct TreeNode *right;\n};\ntypedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\nTreeNode *node;\nnode = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;height = 0;\nnode-&gt;left = NULL;\nnode-&gt;right = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\npublic int val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npublic int height;       // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\npublic TreeNode? left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode? right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar height: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nvar left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nvar right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\ninit(x: Int) {\nval = x\nheight = 0\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nint height;      // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nTreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode(this.val, [this.height = 0, this.left, this.right]);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0 \uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == nullptr ? -1 : node-&gt;height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode-&gt;height = max(height(node-&gt;left), height(node-&gt;right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def height(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n# \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nif node is not None:\nreturn node.height\nreturn -1\ndef __update_height(self, node: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n# \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height = max([self.height(node.left), self.height(node.right)]) + 1\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) height(node *TreeNode) int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nif node != nil {\nreturn node.Height\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) updateHeight(node *TreeNode) {\nlh := t.height(node.Left)\nrh := t.height(node.Right)\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nif lh &gt; rh {\nnode.Height = lh + 1\n} else {\nnode.Height = rh + 1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\n#updateHeight(node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height =\nMath.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node: TreeNode): number {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nupdateHeight(node: TreeNode): void {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height =\nMath.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nif (node != NULL) {\nreturn node-&gt;height;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\nint lh = height(node-&gt;left);\nint rh = height(node-&gt;right);\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nif (lh &gt; rh) {\nnode-&gt;height = lh + 1;\n} else {\nnode-&gt;height = rh + 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height = Math.Max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc height(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nnode == nil ? -1 : node!.height\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode?.height = max(height(node: node?.left), height(node: node?.right)) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n_ = self;\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.?.height = @max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode!.height = max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nmatch node {\nSome(node) =&gt; node.borrow().height,\nNone =&gt; -1,\n}\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn update_height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) {\nif let Some(node) = node {\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.borrow_mut().height = std::cmp::max(Self::height(left), Self::height(right)) + 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50","text":"<p>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 balance factor\u300d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51cf\u53bb\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0 \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null)\nreturn 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == nullptr)\nreturn 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node-&gt;left) - height(node-&gt;right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def balance_factor(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n# \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif node is None:\nreturn 0\n# \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn self.height(node.left) - self.height(node.right)\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) balanceFactor(node *TreeNode) int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif node == nil {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn t.height(node.Left) - t.height(node.Right)\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node === null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node: TreeNode): number {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node === null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == NULL) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node-&gt;left) - height(node-&gt;right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nguard let node = node else { return 0 }\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node: node.left) - height(node: node.right)\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nfn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn balance_factor(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; i32 {\nmatch node {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nNone =&gt; 0,\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nSome(node) =&gt; {\nSelf::height(node.borrow().left.clone()) - Self::height(node.borrow().right.clone())\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>Note</p> <p>\u8bbe\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(f\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u68f5 AVL \u6811\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7686\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(-1 \\le f \\le 1\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#752-avl","title":"7.5.2 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u65cb\u8f6c","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c \\(&gt; 1\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8282\u70b9\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53f3\u65cb","text":"<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u9996\u4e2a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 3\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u8be5\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>node</code> \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>child</code> \uff0c\u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\uff0c\u5b50\u6811\u5df2\u7ecf\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8282\u70b9 <code>child</code> \u672c\u8eab\u6709\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>grandChild</code> \uff09\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53f3\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 <code>grandChild</code> \u4f5c\u4e3a <code>node</code> \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709 grandChild \u7684\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u201c\u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode rightRotate(TreeNode node) {\nTreeNode child = node.left;\nTreeNode grandChild = child.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child = node-&gt;left;\nTreeNode *grandChild = child-&gt;right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;right = node;\nnode-&gt;left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def __right_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nchild = node.left\ngrand_child = child.right\n# \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node\nnode.left = grand_child\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\nself.__update_height(child)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rightRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\nchild := node.Left\ngrandChild := child.Right\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.Right = node\nnode.Left = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\nt.updateHeight(child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#rightRotate(node) {\nconst child = node.left;\nconst grandChild = child.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.#updateHeight(node);\nthis.#updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nrightRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\nconst child = node.left;\nconst grandChild = child.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.updateHeight(node);\nthis.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child, *grandChild;\nchild = node-&gt;left;\ngrandChild = child-&gt;right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;right = node;\nnode-&gt;left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node.left;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc rightRotate(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nlet child = node?.left\nlet grandChild = child?.right\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild?.right = node\nnode?.left = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node: node)\nupdateHeight(node: child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar child = node.?.left;\nvar grandChild = child.?.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.?.right = node;\nnode.?.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.updateHeight(node);\nself.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node!.left;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child!.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn right_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(node) =&gt; {\nlet child = node.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();\nlet grand_child = child.borrow().right.clone();\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.borrow_mut().right = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().left = grand_child;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nSelf::update_height(Some(node));\nSelf::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(child)\n}\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5de6\u65cb","text":"<p>\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u82e5\u8282\u70b9 <code>child</code> \u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>grandChild</code> \uff09\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5de6\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 <code>grandChild</code> \u4f5c\u4e3a <code>node</code> \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709 grandChild \u7684\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u53f3\u65cb\u548c\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u955c\u50cf\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u53f3\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684 <code>left</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a <code>right</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684 <code>right</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a <code>left</code> \uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode leftRotate(TreeNode node) {\nTreeNode child = node.right;\nTreeNode grandChild = child.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child = node-&gt;right;\nTreeNode *grandChild = child-&gt;left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;left = node;\nnode-&gt;right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def __left_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nchild = node.right\ngrand_child = child.left\n# \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node\nnode.right = grand_child\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\nself.__update_height(child)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) leftRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\nchild := node.Right\ngrandChild := child.Left\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.Left = node\nnode.Right = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\nt.updateHeight(child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#leftRotate(node) {\nconst child = node.right;\nconst grandChild = child.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.#updateHeight(node);\nthis.#updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nleftRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\nconst child = node.right;\nconst grandChild = child.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.updateHeight(node);\nthis.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child, *grandChild;\nchild = node-&gt;right;\ngrandChild = child-&gt;left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;left = node;\nnode-&gt;right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node.right;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc leftRotate(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nlet child = node?.right\nlet grandChild = child?.left\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild?.left = node\nnode?.right = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node: node)\nupdateHeight(node: child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar child = node.?.right;\nvar grandChild = child.?.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.?.left = node;\nnode.?.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.updateHeight(node);\nself.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node!.right;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child!.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn left_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(node) =&gt; {\nlet child = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\nlet grand_child = child.borrow().left.clone();\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.borrow_mut().left = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().right = grand_child;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nSelf::update_height(Some(node));\nSelf::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(child)\n}\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 3\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u65cb\u6216\u53f3\u65cb\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b50\u6811\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5bf9 <code>child</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9 <code>node</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb","text":"<p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5bf9 <code>child</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9 <code>node</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"<p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u9010\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u540e\u5de6\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u540e\u53f3\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aAVL \u6811\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5 </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e00\u4fa7\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6761\u4ef6 </p> \u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u6cd5 \\(&gt; 1\\) \uff08\u5373\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\geq 0\\) \u53f3\u65cb \\(&gt; 1\\) \uff08\u5373\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(&lt;0\\) \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb \\(&lt; -1\\) \uff08\u5373\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\leq 0\\) \u5de6\u65cb \\(&lt; -1\\) \uff08\u5373\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(&gt;0\\) \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode rotate(TreeNode node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint _balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (_balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode-&gt;left = leftRotate(node-&gt;left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (_balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode-&gt;right = rightRotate(node-&gt;right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def __rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\"\"\"\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nbalance_factor = self.balance_factor(node)\n# \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif balance_factor &gt; 1:\nif self.balance_factor(node.left) &gt;= 0:\n# \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn self.__right_rotate(node)\nelse:\n# \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = self.__left_rotate(node.left)\nreturn self.__right_rotate(node)\n# \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nelif balance_factor &lt; -1:\nif self.balance_factor(node.right) &lt;= 0:\n# \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn self.__left_rotate(node)\nelse:\n# \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = self.__right_rotate(node.right)\nreturn self.__left_rotate(node)\n# \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n// Go \u63a8\u8350\u77ed\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc bf \u6307\u4ee3 t.balanceFactor\nbf := t.balanceFactor(node)\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif bf &gt; 1 {\nif t.balanceFactor(node.Left) &gt;= 0 {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn t.rightRotate(node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.Left = t.leftRotate(node.Left)\nreturn t.rightRotate(node)\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif bf &lt; -1 {\nif t.balanceFactor(node.Right) &lt;= 0 {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn t.leftRotate(node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.Right = t.rightRotate(node.Right)\nreturn t.leftRotate(node)\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n#rotate(node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nconst balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn this.#rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = this.#leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn this.#rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn this.#leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = this.#rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn this.#leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nrotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nconst balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn this.rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = this.leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn this.rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn this.leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = this.rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn this.leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint bf = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (bf &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode-&gt;left = leftRotate(node-&gt;left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (bf &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode-&gt;right = rightRotate(node-&gt;right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint balanceFactorInt = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactorInt &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = leftRotate(node?.left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactorInt &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = rightRotate(node?.right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc rotate(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; TreeNode? {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nlet balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node: node)\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif balanceFactor &gt; 1 {\nif self.balanceFactor(node: node?.left) &gt;= 0 {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node: node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode?.left = leftRotate(node: node?.left)\nreturn rightRotate(node: node)\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif balanceFactor &lt; -1 {\nif self.balanceFactor(node: node?.right) &lt;= 0 {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node: node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode?.right = rightRotate(node: node?.right)\nreturn leftRotate(node: node)\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nfn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nvar balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balance_factor &gt; 1) {\nif (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn self.rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);\nreturn self.rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balance_factor &lt; -1) {\nif (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn self.leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);\nreturn self.leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint factor = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (factor &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node!.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (factor &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node!.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfn rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nlet balance_factor = Self::balance_factor(node.clone());\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif balance_factor &gt; 1 {\nlet node = node.unwrap();\nif Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().left.clone()) &gt;= 0 {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nSelf::right_rotate(Some(node))\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().left = Self::left_rotate(left);\nSelf::right_rotate(Some(node))\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nelse if balance_factor &lt; -1 {\nlet node = node.unwrap();\nif Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().right.clone()) &lt;= 0 {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nSelf::left_rotate(Some(node))\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::right_rotate(right);\nSelf::left_rotate(Some(node))\n}\n} else {\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nnode\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#753-avl","title":"7.5.3 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728 AVL \u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81ea\u5e95\u5411\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode insertHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\nif (node == null)\nreturn new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse\nreturn node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nif (node == nullptr)\nreturn new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;left = insertHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;right = insertHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\nelse\nreturn node;    // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def insert(self, val):\n\"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nself.root = self.__insert_helper(self.root, val)\ndef __insert_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -&gt; TreeNode:\n\"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\nif node is None:\nreturn TreeNode(val)\n# 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nif val &lt; node.val:\nnode.left = self.__insert_helper(node.left, val)\nelif val &gt; node.val:\nnode.right = self.__insert_helper(node.right, val)\nelse:\n# \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\n# 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nreturn self.__rotate(node)\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insert(val int) {\nt.root = t.insertHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insertHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\nif node == nil {\nreturn NewTreeNode(val)\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif val &lt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Left = t.insertHelper(node.Left, val)\n} else if val &gt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Right = t.insertHelper(node.Right, val)\n} else {\n// \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = t.rotate(node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val) {\nthis.root = this.#insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#insertHelper(node, val) {\nif (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val) node.left = this.#insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = this.#insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nthis.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.#rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val: number): void {\nthis.root = this.insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\ninsertHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\nif (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val) {\nnode.left = this.insertHelper(node.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.val) {\nnode.right = this.insertHelper(node.right, val);\n} else {\nreturn node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\nthis.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(aVLTree *tree, int val) {\ntree-&gt;root = insertHelper(tree-&gt;root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nif (node == NULL) {\nreturn newTreeNode(val);\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;left = insertHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;right = insertHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\n} else {\n// \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse\nreturn node;     // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(val: Int) {\nroot = insertHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc insertHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nvar node = node\nif node == nil {\nreturn TreeNode(x: val)\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif val &lt; node!.val {\nnode?.left = insertHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n} else if val &gt; node!.val {\nnode?.right = insertHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n} else {\nreturn node // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\nupdateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node: node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\nself.root = (try self.insertHelper(self.root, val)).?;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar node = node_;\nif (node == null) {\nvar tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\ntmp_node.init(val);\nreturn tmp_node;\n}\n// 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nif (val &lt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);\n} else {\nreturn node;            // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\nself.updateHeight(node);    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n// 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nnode = self.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse\nreturn node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn insert(&amp;mut self, val: i32) {\nself.root = Self::insert_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn insert_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(mut node) =&gt; {\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nmatch {\nlet node_val = node.borrow().val;\nnode_val\n}\n.cmp(&amp;val)\n{\nOrdering::Greater =&gt; {\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().left = Self::insert_helper(left, val);\n}\nOrdering::Less =&gt; {\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::insert_helper(right, val);\n}\nOrdering::Equal =&gt; {\nreturn Some(node); // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\n}\nSelf::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(node)\n}\nNone =&gt; Some(TreeNode::new(val)),\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode removeHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\nif (node == null)\nreturn null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\nTreeNode child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse\nnode = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nif (node == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;left = removeHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\nelse {\nif (node-&gt;left == nullptr || node-&gt;right == nullptr) {\nTreeNode *child = node-&gt;left != nullptr ? node-&gt;left : node-&gt;right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == nullptr) {\ndelete node;\nreturn nullptr;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse {\ndelete node;\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *temp = node-&gt;right;\nwhile (temp-&gt;left != nullptr) {\ntemp = temp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tempVal = temp-&gt;val;\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, temp-&gt;val);\nnode-&gt;val = tempVal;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def remove(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nself.root = self.__remove_helper(self.root, val)\ndef __remove_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\nif node is None:\nreturn None\n# 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\nif val &lt; node.val:\nnode.left = self.__remove_helper(node.left, val)\nelif val &gt; node.val:\nnode.right = self.__remove_helper(node.right, val)\nelse:\nif node.left is None or node.right is None:\nchild = node.left or node.right\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif child is None:\nreturn None\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse:\nnode = child\nelse:\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\ntemp = node.right\nwhile temp.left is not None:\ntemp = temp.left\nnode.right = self.__remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)\nnode.val = temp.val\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\n# 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nreturn self.__rotate(node)\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) remove(val int) {\nt.root = t.removeHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) removeHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\nif node == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif val &lt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Left = t.removeHelper(node.Left, val)\n} else if val &gt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, val)\n} else {\nif node.Left == nil || node.Right == nil {\nchild := node.Left\nif node.Right != nil {\nchild = node.Right\n}\nif child == nil {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn nil\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nnode = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\ntemp := node.Right\nfor temp.Left != nil {\ntemp = temp.Left\n}\nnode.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, temp.Val.(int))\nnode.Val = temp.Val\n}\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = t.rotate(node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val) {\nthis.root = this.#removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#removeHelper(node, val) {\nif (node === null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val) node.left = this.#removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\nconst child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child === null) return null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse node = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left !== null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nthis.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.#rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val: number): void {\nthis.root = this.removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nremoveHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\nif (node === null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val) {\nnode.left = this.removeHelper(node.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.val) {\nnode.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, val);\n} else {\nif (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\nconst child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child === null) {\nreturn null;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left !== null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nthis.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeNode(aVLTree *tree, int val) {\nTreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree-&gt;root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nTreeNode *child, *grandChild;\nif (node == NULL) {\nreturn NULL;\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;left = removeHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\n} else {\nif (node-&gt;left == NULL || node-&gt;right == NULL) {\nchild = node-&gt;left;\nif (node-&gt;right != NULL) {\nchild = node-&gt;right;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == NULL) {\nreturn NULL;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *temp = node-&gt;right;\nwhile (temp-&gt;left != NULL) {\ntemp = temp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tempVal = temp-&gt;val;\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, temp-&gt;val);\nnode-&gt;val = tempVal;\n}\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\nTreeNode? child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse\nnode = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(val: Int) {\nroot = removeHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc removeHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nvar node = node\nif node == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif val &lt; node!.val {\nnode?.left = removeHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n} else if val &gt; node!.val {\nnode?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n} else {\nif node?.left == nil || node?.right == nil {\nlet child = node?.left != nil ? node?.left : node?.right\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif child == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse {\nnode = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nvar temp = node?.right\nwhile temp?.left != nil {\ntemp = temp?.left\n}\nnode?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: temp!.val)\nnode?.val = temp!.val\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node: node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, val: T) void {\nself.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val).?;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar node = node_;\nif (node == null) return null;\n// 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\nif (val &lt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);\n} else {\nif (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {\nvar child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null) {\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n} else {\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nvar temp = node.?.right;\nwhile (temp.?.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.?.left;\n}\nnode.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);\nnode.?.val = temp.?.val;\n}\n}\nself.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n// 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nnode = self.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\nTreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse\nnode = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp!.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn remove(&amp;self, val: i32) {\nSelf::remove_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn remove_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(mut node) =&gt; {\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif val &lt; node.borrow().val {\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().left = Self::remove_helper(left, val);\n} else if val &gt; node.borrow().val {\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, val);\n} else if node.borrow().left.is_none() || node.borrow().right.is_none() {\nlet child = if node.borrow().left.is_some() {\nnode.borrow().left.clone()\n} else {\nnode.borrow().right.clone()\n};\nmatch child {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nNone =&gt; {\nreturn None;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nSome(child) =&gt; node = child,\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nlet mut temp = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\nloop {\nlet temp_left = temp.borrow().left.clone();\nif temp_left.is_none() {\nbreak;\n}\ntemp = temp_left.unwrap();\n}\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, temp.borrow().val);\nnode.borrow_mut().val = temp.borrow().val;\n}\nSelf::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(node)\n}\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#754-avl","title":"7.5.4 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u589e\u5220\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002</li> <li>\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6bd4 AVL \u6811\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff1f</p> <p>\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e AVL \u6811\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/","title":"7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 binary search tree\u300d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(&lt;\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(&lt;\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6837\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6 <code>1.</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#741","title":"7.4.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b <code>ArrayBinaryTree</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf <code>root</code> \uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u503c <code>num</code> \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 <code>cur</code> \uff0c\u4ece\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9 <code>root</code> \u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c <code>cur.val</code> \u548c <code>num</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb</p> <ul> <li>\u82e5 <code>cur.val &lt; num</code> \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>cur</code> \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c <code>cur = cur.right</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5 <code>cur.val &gt; num</code> \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>cur</code> \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c <code>cur = cur.left</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5 <code>cur.val = num</code> \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode search(int num) {\nTreeNode cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num)\ncur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(int num) {\nTreeNode *cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur-&gt;val &gt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.py<pre><code>def search(self, num: int) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\ncur: TreeNode | None = self.root\n# \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur is not None:\n# \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur.val &lt; num:\ncur = cur.right\n# \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelif cur.val &gt; num:\ncur = cur.left\n# \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse:\nbreak\nreturn cur\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) search(num int) *TreeNode {\nnode := bst.root\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nfor node != nil {\nif node.Val.(int) &lt; num {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nnode = node.Right\n} else if node.Val.(int) &gt; num {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nnode = node.Left\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction search(num) {\nlet cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur = cur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num) cur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse break;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction search(num: number): TreeNode | null {\nlet cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\nif (cur.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.right; // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else if (cur.val &gt; num) {\ncur = cur.left; // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\nbreak; // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\nTreeNode *cur = bst-&gt;root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != NULL) {\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n} else if (cur-&gt;val &gt; num) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? search(int num) {\nTreeNode? cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur =\ncur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num)\ncur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc search(num: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nvar cur = root\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur != nil {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur!.val &lt; num {\ncur = cur?.right\n}\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if cur!.val &gt; num {\ncur = cur?.left\n}\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse {\nbreak\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\nfn search(self: *Self, num: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar cur = self.root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.?.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else if (cur.?.val &gt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n} else {\nbreak;\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? search(int num) {\nTreeNode? cur = _root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num)\ncur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn search(&amp;self, num: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;TreeNodeRc&gt; {\nlet mut cur = self.root.clone();\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif node.borrow().val &lt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n}\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if node.borrow().val &gt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n}\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse {\nbreak;\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\ncur\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 <code>num</code> \uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 &lt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 &lt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c <code>num</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u904d\u5386\u81f3 \\(\\text{None}\\) \uff09\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9 <code>num</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7f6e\u4e8e \\(\\text{None}\\) \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u8fdd\u53cd\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val == num)\nreturn;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre.val &lt; num)\npre.right = node;\nelse\npre.left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur-&gt;val == num)\nreturn;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre-&gt;val &lt; num)\npre-&gt;right = node;\nelse\npre-&gt;left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.py<pre><code>def insert(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root is None:\nreturn\n# \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\ncur, pre = self.root, None\nwhile cur is not None:\n# \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur.val == num:\nreturn\npre = cur\n# \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur.val &lt; num:\ncur = cur.right\n# \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse:\ncur = cur.left\n# \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nnode = TreeNode(num)\nif pre.val &lt; num:\npre.right = node\nelse:\npre.left = node\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) insert(num int) {\ncur := bst.root\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\nvar pre *TreeNode = nil\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nfor cur != nil {\nif cur.Val == num {\nreturn\n}\npre = cur\nif cur.Val.(int) &lt; num {\ncur = cur.Right\n} else {\ncur = cur.Left\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nnode := NewTreeNode(num)\nif pre.Val.(int) &lt; num {\npre.Right = node\n} else {\npre.Left = node\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction insert(num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) return;\nlet cur = root,\npre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val === num) return;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse cur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre.val &lt; num) pre.right = node;\nelse pre.left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction insert(num: number): void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nlet cur = root,\npre: TreeNode | null = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\nif (cur.val === num) {\nreturn; // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\npre = cur;\nif (cur.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.right as TreeNode; // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.left as TreeNode; // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre!.val &lt; num) {\npre!.right = node;\n} else {\npre!.left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (bst-&gt;root == NULL)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = bst-&gt;root, *pre = NULL;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != NULL) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur-&gt;val == num) {\nreturn;\n}\npre = cur;\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num) {\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n} else {\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);\nif (pre-&gt;val &lt; num) {\npre-&gt;right = node;\n} else {\npre-&gt;left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val == num)\nreturn;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre != null) {\nif (pre.val &lt; num)\npre.right = node;\nelse\npre.left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(num: Int) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\nvar cur = root\nvar pre: TreeNode?\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur != nil {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur!.val == num {\nreturn\n}\npre = cur\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur!.val &lt; num {\ncur = cur?.right\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = cur?.left\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = TreeNode(x: num)\nif pre!.val &lt; num {\npre?.right = node\n} else {\npre?.left = node\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (self.root == null) return;\nvar cur = self.root;\nvar pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.?.val == num) return;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.?.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.?.left;\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\nif (pre.?.val &lt; num) {\npre.?.right = node;\n} else {\npre.?.left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (_root == null) return;\nTreeNode? cur = _root;\nTreeNode? pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val == num) return;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? node = TreeNode(num);\nif (pre!.val &lt; num)\npre.right = node;\nelse\npre.left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn insert(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nlet mut cur = self.root.clone();\nlet mut pre = None;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif node.borrow().val == num {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\npre = cur.clone();\nif node.borrow().val &lt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = TreeNode::new(num);\nlet pre = pre.unwrap();\nif pre.borrow().val &lt; num {\npre.borrow_mut().right = Some(Rc::clone(&amp;node));\n} else {\npre.borrow_mut().left = Some(Rc::clone(&amp;node));\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u8282\u70b9 <code>pre</code> \u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u904d\u5386\u81f3 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u7ef4\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 &lt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 &lt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <p>\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\uff09 </p> <p>\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 1\uff09 </p> <p>\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6 \\(&lt;\\) \u6839 \\(&lt;\\) \u53f3\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u201c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>tmp</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 <code>tmp</code> \u7684\u503c\u8986\u76d6\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 <code>tmp</code> \u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDart binary_search_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == null)\nreturn;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre.left == cur)\npre.left = child;\nelse\npre.right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left != null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur-&gt;val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur-&gt;left == nullptr || cur-&gt;right == nullptr) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *child = cur-&gt;left != nullptr ? cur-&gt;left : cur-&gt;right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre-&gt;left == cur)\npre-&gt;left = child;\nelse\npre-&gt;right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete cur;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *tmp = cur-&gt;right;\nwhile (tmp-&gt;left != nullptr) {\ntmp = tmp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tmpVal = tmp-&gt;val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp-&gt;val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur-&gt;val = tmpVal;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.py<pre><code>def remove(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root is None:\nreturn\n# \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\ncur, pre = self.root, None\nwhile cur is not None:\n# \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif cur.val == num:\nbreak\npre = cur\n# \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur.val &lt; num:\ncur = cur.right\n# \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse:\ncur = cur.left\n# \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur is None:\nreturn\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif cur.left is None or cur.right is None:\n# \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nchild = cur.left or cur.right\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif cur != self.root:\nif pre.left == cur:\npre.left = child\nelse:\npre.right = child\nelse:\n# \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nself.root = child\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse:\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\ntmp: TreeNode = cur.right\nwhile tmp.left is not None:\ntmp = tmp.left\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nself.remove(tmp.val)\n# \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) remove(num int) {\ncur := bst.root\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\nvar pre *TreeNode = nil\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nfor cur != nil {\nif cur.Val == num {\nbreak\n}\npre = cur\nif cur.Val.(int) &lt; num {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur.Right\n} else {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur.Left\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1\nif cur.Left == nil || cur.Right == nil {\nvar child *TreeNode = nil\n// \u53d6\u51fa\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nif cur.Left != nil {\nchild = cur.Left\n} else {\nchild = cur.Right\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif cur != bst.root {\nif pre.Left == cur {\npre.Left = child\n} else {\npre.Right = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nbst.root = child\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 2\n} else {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\ntmp := cur.Right\nfor tmp.Left != nil {\ntmp = tmp.Left\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nbst.remove(tmp.Val.(int))\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.Val = tmp.Val\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) return;\nlet cur = root,\npre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val === num) break;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur = cur.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse cur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur === null) return;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;\nelse pre.right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left !== null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(num: number): void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nlet cur = root,\npre: TreeNode | null = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val === num) {\nbreak;\n}\npre = cur;\nif (cur.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.right as TreeNode; // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.left as TreeNode; // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre!.left === cur) {\npre!.left = child;\n} else {\npre!.right = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left !== null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp!.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeNode(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (bst-&gt;root == NULL)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = bst-&gt;root, *pre = NULL;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != NULL) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur-&gt;val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num) {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n} else {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u5224\u65ad\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nif (cur-&gt;left == NULL || cur-&gt;right == NULL) {\n/* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1 */\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *child = cur-&gt;left != NULL ? cur-&gt;left : cur-&gt;right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (pre-&gt;left == cur) {\npre-&gt;left = child;\n} else {\npre-&gt;right = child;\n}\n} else {\n/* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 */\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *tmp = cur-&gt;right;\nwhile (tmp-&gt;left != NULL) {\ntmp = tmp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tmpVal = tmp-&gt;val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremoveNode(bst, tmp-&gt;val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur-&gt;val = tmpVal;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == null || pre == null)\nreturn;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre.left == cur)\npre.left = child;\nelse\npre.right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left != null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(num: Int) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\nvar cur = root\nvar pre: TreeNode?\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur != nil {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif cur!.val == num {\nbreak\n}\npre = cur\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur!.val &lt; num {\ncur = cur?.right\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = cur?.left\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif cur?.left == nil || cur?.right == nil {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur?.left != nil ? cur?.left : cur?.right\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif cur !== root {\nif pre?.left === cur {\npre?.left = child\n} else {\npre?.right = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar tmp = cur?.right\nwhile tmp?.left != nil {\ntmp = tmp?.left\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(num: tmp!.val)\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur?.val = tmp!.val\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, num: T) void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (self.root == null) return;\nvar cur = self.root;\nvar pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.?.val == num) break;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.?.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.?.left;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == null) return;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.?.left == null or cur.?.right == null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nvar child = if (cur.?.left != null) cur.?.left else cur.?.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (pre.?.left == cur) {\npre.?.left = child;\n} else {\npre.?.right = child;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n} else {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar tmp = cur.?.right;\nwhile (tmp.?.left != null) {\ntmp = tmp.?.left;\n}\nvar tmp_val = tmp.?.val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nself.remove(tmp.?.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.?.val = tmp_val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>```dart title=\"binary_search_tree.dart\" /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */ void insert(int num) {   // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de   if (_root == null) return;   TreeNode? cur = _root;   TreeNode? pre = null;   // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa   while (cur != null) {     // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de     if (cur.val == num) return;     pre = cur;     // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d     if (cur.val &lt; num)       cur = cur.right;     // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d     else       cur = cur.left;   }   // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9   TreeNode? node = TreeNode(num);   if (pre!.val &lt; num)     pre.right = node;   else     pre.left = node; }</p> <p>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */     void remove(int num) {       // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de       if (_root == null) return;</p> <pre><code>  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  TreeNode? pre = null;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n    if (cur.val == num) break;\n    pre = cur;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val &lt; num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else\n      cur = cur.left;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (cur == null) return;\n  // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n  if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n    // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n    if (cur != _root) {\n      if (pre!.left == cur)\n        pre.left = child;\n      else\n        pre.right = child;\n    } else {\n      // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n      _root = child;\n    }\n  } else {\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\n    while (tmp!.left != null) {\n      tmp = tmp.left;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n    remove(tmp.val);\n    // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n    cur.val = tmp.val;\n  }\n}\n```\n</code></pre> Rust binary_search_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn remove(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root.is_none() { return; }\nlet mut cur = self.root.clone();\nlet mut pre = None;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif node.borrow().val == num {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\npre = cur.clone();\nif node.borrow().val &lt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nlet cur = cur.unwrap();\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif cur.borrow().left.is_none() || cur.borrow().right.is_none() {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur.borrow().left.clone().or_else(|| cur.borrow().right.clone());\nlet pre = pre.unwrap();\nlet left = pre.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif !Rc::ptr_eq(&amp;cur, self.root.as_ref().unwrap()) {\nif Rc::ptr_eq(&amp;left, &amp;cur) {\npre.borrow_mut().left = child;\n} else {\npre.borrow_mut().right = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nself.root = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet mut tmp = cur.borrow().right.clone();\nwhile let Some(node) = tmp.clone() {\nif node.borrow().left.is_some() {\ntmp = node.borrow().left.clone();\n} else {\nbreak;\n}\n}\nlet tmpval = tmp.unwrap().borrow().val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nself.remove(tmpval);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.borrow_mut().val = tmpval;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 \\(&lt;\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \\(&lt;\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#742","title":"7.4.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5b58\u50a8\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u6bd4\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) <p>\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(\\log n\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u4e0e\u9000\u5316 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#743","title":"7.4.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u7528\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/","title":"7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 binary tree\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7956\u5148\u4e0e\u540e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u662f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u503c\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode *left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nTreeNode *right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nTreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class TreeNode:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                   # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.left: Optional[TreeNode] = None  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nself.right: Optional[TreeNode] = None # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\nVal   int\nLeft  *TreeNode\nRight *TreeNode\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc NewTreeNode(v int) *TreeNode {\nreturn &amp;TreeNode{\nLeft:  nil, // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nRight: nil, // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nVal:   v,   // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nfunction TreeNode(val, left, right) {\nthis.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val); // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.left = (left === undefined ? null : left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nthis.right = (right === undefined ? null : right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nval: number;\nleft: TreeNode | null;\nright: TreeNode | null;\nconstructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.left = left === undefined ? null : left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nthis.right = right === undefined ? null : right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val;                // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nint height;             // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nstruct TreeNode *left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nstruct TreeNode *right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n};\ntypedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\nTreeNode *node;\nnode = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;height = 0;\nnode-&gt;left = NULL;\nnode-&gt;right = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode? left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode? right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nvar right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\ninit(x: Int) {\nval = x\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode(this.val, [this.left, this.right]);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 left-child node\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 right-child node\u300d\uff0c\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u7236\u8282\u70b9 parent node\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 left subtree\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u53ef\u5f97\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811 right subtree\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5c06\u201c\u8282\u70b9 2\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5\u201d\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#711","title":"7.1.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c3d\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u300c\u6839\u8282\u70b9 root node\u300d\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9 leaf node\u300d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5747\u6307\u5411 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u7684\u300c\u5c42 level\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u5c42\u4e3a 1 \u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ea6\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f 0, 1, 2 \u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6 depth\u300d \uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed </p> <p>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u201c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u8fc7\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u6216\u6559\u6750\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u8fc7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0 1 \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#712","title":"7.1.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree.java<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode* n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode* n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode* n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode* n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode* n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\nn1-&gt;right = n3;\nn2-&gt;left = n4;\nn2-&gt;right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 = TreeNode(val=1)\nn2 = TreeNode(val=2)\nn3 = TreeNode(val=3)\nn4 = TreeNode(val=4)\nn5 = TreeNode(val=5)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n</code></pre> binary_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 := NewTreeNode(1)\nn2 := NewTreeNode(2)\nn3 := NewTreeNode(3)\nn4 := NewTreeNode(4)\nn5 := NewTreeNode(5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.Left = n2\nn1.Right = n3\nn2.Left = n4\nn2.Right = n5\n</code></pre> binary_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\nn2 = new TreeNode(2),\nn3 = new TreeNode(3),\nn4 = new TreeNode(4),\nn5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\nn2 = new TreeNode(2),\nn3 = new TreeNode(3),\nn4 = new TreeNode(4),\nn5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *n1 = newTreeNode(1);\nTreeNode *n2 = newTreeNode(2);\nTreeNode *n3 = newTreeNode(3);\nTreeNode *n4 = newTreeNode(4);\nTreeNode *n5 = newTreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\nn1-&gt;right = n3;\nn2-&gt;left = n4;\nn2-&gt;right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.swift<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = TreeNode(x: 1)\nlet n2 = TreeNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = TreeNode(x: 3)\nlet n4 = TreeNode(x: 4)\nlet n5 = TreeNode(x: 5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n</code></pre> binary_tree.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> binary_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree.java<pre><code>TreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode* P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = P;\nP-&gt;left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.py<pre><code># \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\np = TreeNode(0)\n# \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = p\np.left = n2\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n</code></pre> binary_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\np := NewTreeNode(0)\nn1.Left = p\np.Left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.Left = n2\n</code></pre> binary_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nlet P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nconst P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *P = newTreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = P;\nP-&gt;left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.swift<pre><code>let P = TreeNode(x: 0)\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P\nP.left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n</code></pre> binary_tree.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> binary_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>Note</p> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u539f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#713","title":"7.1.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 perfect binary tree\u300d\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff1b\u82e5\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u73b0\u8c61\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u300d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 complete binary tree\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e14\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u5c3d\u91cf\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 full binary tree\u300d\u9664\u4e86\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 balanced binary tree\u300d\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5dee\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#714","title":"7.1.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9000\u5316","text":"<p>\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6bcf\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u504f\u5411\u4e00\u4fa7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201c\u5206\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002</li> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784 </p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u5927\u6216\u6781\u5c0f\u503c\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5 </p> \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 \u94fe\u8868 \u7b2c \\(i\\) \u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^{i-1}\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h\\) \u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^h\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h\\) \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \\(h + 1\\) \u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(n\\) \u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(\\log_2 (n+1) - 1\\) \\(n - 1\\)"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/","title":"7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u904d\u5386\u6811\u6bd4\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#721","title":"7.2.1 \u00a0 \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u300c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 level-order traversal\u300d\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5230\u5e95\u90e8\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 </p> <p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u961f\u5217\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u961f\u5217\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree_bfs.java<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;Integer&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nQueue&lt;TreeNode&gt; queue = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\nqueue.add(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nwhile (!queue.isEmpty()) {\nTreeNode node = queue.poll(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.add(node.val);           // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null)\nqueue.offer(node.left);   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right != null)\nqueue.offer(node.right);  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue&lt;TreeNode *&gt; queue;\nqueue.push(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvector&lt;int&gt; vec;\nwhile (!queue.empty()) {\nTreeNode *node = queue.front();\nqueue.pop();              // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nvec.push_back(node-&gt;val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node-&gt;left != nullptr)\nqueue.push(node-&gt;left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node-&gt;right != nullptr)\nqueue.push(node-&gt;right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn vec;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.py<pre><code>def level_order(root: TreeNode | None) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue: deque[TreeNode] = deque()\nqueue.append(root)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres = []\nwhile queue:\nnode: TreeNode = queue.popleft()  # \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nres.append(node.val)  # \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif node.left is not None:\nqueue.append(node.left)  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif node.right is not None:\nqueue.append(node.right)  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nreturn res\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.go<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root *TreeNode) []any {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue := list.New()\nqueue.PushBack(root)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nnums := make([]any, 0)\nfor queue.Len() &gt; 0 {\n// \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nnode := queue.Remove(queue.Front()).(*TreeNode)\n// \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\nif node.Left != nil {\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue.PushBack(node.Left)\n}\nif node.Right != nil {\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue.PushBack(node.Right)\n}\n}\nreturn nums\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.js<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst queue = [root];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst list = [];\nwhile (queue.length) {\nlet node = queue.shift(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left) queue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right) queue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root: TreeNode | null): number[] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst queue = [root];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst list: number[] = [];\nwhile (queue.length) {\nlet node = queue.shift() as TreeNode; // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left) {\nqueue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif (node.right) {\nqueue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.c<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *levelOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n/* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\nint front, rear;\nint index, *arr;\nTreeNode *node;\nTreeNode **queue;\n/* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\nqueue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode *) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);\n// \u961f\u5217\u6307\u9488\nfront = 0, rear = 0;\n// \u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue[rear++] = root;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n/* \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 */\narr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);\n// \u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488\nindex = 0;\nwhile (front &lt; rear) {\n// \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nnode = queue[front++];\n// \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\narr[index++] = node-&gt;val;\nif (node-&gt;left != NULL) {\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue[rear++] = node-&gt;left;\n}\nif (node-&gt;right != NULL) {\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue[rear++] = node-&gt;right;\n}\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\n*size = index;\narr = realloc(arr, sizeof(int) * (*size));\n// \u91ca\u653e\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\nfree(queue);\nreturn arr;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nQueue&lt;TreeNode&gt; queue = new();\nqueue.Enqueue(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;int&gt; list = new();\nwhile (queue.Count != 0) {\nTreeNode node = queue.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.Add(node.val);              // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null)\nqueue.Enqueue(node.left);    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right != null)\nqueue.Enqueue(node.right);   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root: TreeNode) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nvar queue: [TreeNode] = [root]\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar list: [Int] = []\nwhile !queue.isEmpty {\nlet node = queue.removeFirst() // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.append(node.val) // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif let left = node.left {\nqueue.append(left) // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif let right = node.right {\nqueue.append(right) // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\n}\nreturn list\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.zig<pre><code>// \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn levelOrder(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, root: *inc.TreeNode(T)) !std.ArrayList(T) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst L = std.TailQueue(*inc.TreeNode(T));\nvar queue = L{};\nvar root_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\nroot_node.data = root;\nqueue.append(root_node); // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar list = std.ArrayList(T).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\nwhile (queue.len &gt; 0) {\nvar queue_node = queue.popFirst().?;    // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nvar node = queue_node.data;\ntry list.append(node.val);              // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null) {\nvar tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\ntmp_node.data = node.left.?;\nqueue.append(tmp_node);             // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif (node.right != null) {\nvar tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\ntmp_node.data = node.right.?;\nqueue.append(tmp_node);             // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}        }\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nQueue&lt;TreeNode?&gt; queue = Queue();\nqueue.add(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nwhile (queue.isNotEmpty) {\nTreeNode? node = queue.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nres.add(node!.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null) queue.add(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right != null) queue.add(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn level_order(root: &amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u7ed3\u70b9\nlet mut que = VecDeque::new();\nque.push_back(Rc::clone(&amp;root));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nlet mut vec = Vec::new();\nwhile let Some(node) = que.pop_front() {                 // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nvec.push(node.borrow().val);                         // \u4fdd\u5b58\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c\nif let Some(left) = node.borrow().left.as_ref() {\nque.push_back(Rc::clone(left));                  // \u5de6\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif let Some(right) = node.borrow().right.as_ref() {\nque.push_back(Rc::clone(right));                 // \u53f3\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n};\n}\nvec\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(\\frac{n + 1}{2}\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#722","title":"7.2.2 \u00a0 \u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed5\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u201c\u8d70\u201d\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8bf7\u914d\u5408\u4e0a\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree_dfs.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.add(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.add(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.add(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nvec.push_back(root-&gt;val);\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root-&gt;left);\nvec.push_back(root-&gt;val);\ninOrder(root-&gt;right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root-&gt;left);\npostOrder(root-&gt;right);\nvec.push_back(root-&gt;val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nres.append(root.val)\npre_order(root=root.left)\npre_order(root=root.right)\ndef in_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nin_order(root=root.left)\nres.append(root.val)\nin_order(root=root.right)\ndef post_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npost_order(root=root.left)\npost_order(root=root.right)\nres.append(root.val)\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(node *TreeNode) {\nif node == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\npreOrder(node.Left)\npreOrder(node.Right)\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(node *TreeNode) {\nif node == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(node.Left)\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\ninOrder(node.Right)\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(node *TreeNode) {\nif node == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(node.Left)\npostOrder(node.Right)\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root) {\nif (root === null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.push(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root) {\nif (root === null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.push(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root) {\nif (root === null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.push(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.push(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.push(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.push(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.c<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\nif (root == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\narr[(*size)++] = root-&gt;val;\npreOrder(root-&gt;left, size);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right, size);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\nif (root == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root-&gt;left, size);\narr[(*size)++] = root-&gt;val;\ninOrder(root-&gt;right, size);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\nif (root == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root-&gt;left, size);\npostOrder(root-&gt;right, size);\narr[(*size)++] = root-&gt;val;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? root) {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.Add(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode? root) {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.Add(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode? root) {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.Add(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.append(root.val)\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root: root.left)\nlist.append(root.val)\ninOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root: root.left)\npostOrder(root: root.right)\nlist.append(root.val)\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.zig<pre><code>// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn preOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ntry list.append(root.?.val);\ntry preOrder(T, root.?.left);\ntry preOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn inOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ntry inOrder(T, root.?.left);\ntry list.append(root.?.val);\ntry inOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn postOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\ntry postOrder(T, root.?.left);\ntry postOrder(T, root.?.right);\ntry list.append(root.?.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? node) {\nif (node == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.add(node.val);\npreOrder(node.left);\npreOrder(node.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode? node) {\nif (node == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(node.left);\nlist.add(node.val);\ninOrder(node.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode? node) {\nif (node == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(node.left);\npostOrder(node.right);\nlist.add(node.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn pre_order(root: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut result = vec![];\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u7ed3\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nresult.push(node.borrow().val);\nresult.append(&amp;mut pre_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\nresult.append(&amp;mut pre_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n}\nresult\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn in_order(root: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut result = vec![];\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u7ed3\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nresult.append(&amp;mut in_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\nresult.push(node.borrow().val);\nresult.append(&amp;mut in_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n}\nresult\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn post_order(root: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut result = vec![];\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u7ed3\u70b9\nresult.append(&amp;mut post_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\nresult.append(&amp;mut post_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\nresult.push(node.borrow().val);\n}\nresult\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u9012\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9006\u5411\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u201c\u9012\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/","title":"7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u6811\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c42\u3001\u5ea6\u3001\u8fb9\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u9000\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u72b6\u6001\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6309\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6307\u9488\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u201d\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7686\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u5934\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>AVL \u6811\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6811\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002</li> <li>AVL \u6811\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u518d\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u518d\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4f1a\u4ece\u5e95\u5411\u9876\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/#761-q-a","title":"7.6.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(0\\) \u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u8fc7\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u62ff\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 DFS \u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6709\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u4e09\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>DFS \u7684\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u662f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ed3\u70b9\u5927\u5c0f\u6ee1\u8db3 <code>\u5de6\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c &lt; \u6839\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c &lt; \u53f3\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u6309\u7167 <code>\u5de6-&gt;\u6839-&gt;\u53f3</code> \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u904d\u5386\u6811\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 <code>node</code> , <code>child</code> , <code>grand_child</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3 <code>node</code> \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u548c <code>node</code> \u539f\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5417\uff1f\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u65ad\u6389\u4e86\uff1f</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c <code>right_rotate(root)</code> \u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8 <code>return child</code> \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u3002</p> <p>\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u5230 <code>private</code> \u548c <code>public</code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8003\u91cf\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06 <code>height()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u548c <code>updateHeight()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u653e\u5728 <code>public</code> \u548c <code>private</code> \u4e2d\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a <code>private</code> \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5355\u72ec\u8c03\u7528 <code>updateHeight()</code> \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u800c <code>height()</code> \u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e <code>vector.size()</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 <code>public</code> \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u95ee\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff1f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 <code>build_tree()</code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528 <code>equals()</code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c<code>==</code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li><code>==</code> \uff1a\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> <li><code>equals()</code>\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528 <code>equals()</code> \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 <code>String a = \"hi\"; String b = \"hi\";</code> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u6c60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <code>a == b</code> \u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u662f \\(2^h\\) \u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h = 2\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(n = 7\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(4 = 2^h = (n + 1) / 2\\) \u3002</p>"}]}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Home","text":"\u300a Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u300b <p> \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u7a0b </p> <p> </p>  \u63a8\u8350\u8bed  <p>Quote</p> <p>\u201c\u4e00\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u201d</p> <p>\u2014\u2014 \u9093\u4fca\u8f89\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u6559\u6388</p> <p>Quote</p> <p>\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5f53\u5e74\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u300aHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5b66\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355 10 \u500d\uff01\u201d</p> <p>\u2014\u2014 \u674e\u6c90\uff0c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u8d44\u6df1\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6</p>  \u5168\u4e66\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3  <p> \u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1\u7535\u8111\u3001\u5e73\u677f\u3001\u624b\u673a\u5168\u7ec8\u7aef\u9605\u8bfb </p> <p></p> <p><p> \"A picture is worth a thousand words.\" </p> <p> \u201c\u4e00\u56fe\u80dc\u5343\u8a00\u201d </p></p>  \u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c  <p> \u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u7686\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u652f\u6301 Java, C++, Python, Go, JS, TS, C#, Swift, Zig \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00 </p> <p></p> <p><p> \"Talk is cheap. Show me the code.\" </p> <p> \u201c\u5c11\u5439\u725b\uff0c\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u201d </p></p>  \u53ef\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u63d0\u95ee  <p> \u9f13\u52b1\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u4e92\u5e2e\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u5728\u4e24\u65e5\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d </p> <p></p> <p><p> \u201c\u8ffd\u98ce\u8d76\u6708\u83ab\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u5e73\u829c\u5c3d\u5904\u662f\u6625\u5c71\u201d </p> <p> \u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9\uff01 </p></p>  \u5e8f  <p>\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u529b\u6263\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u300a\u5251\u6307 Offer\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u9898\u89e3\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u559c\u7231\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5165\u95e8\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u9010\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002</p> <p>\u4e24\u773c\u4e00\u62b9\u9ed1\u5730\u5237\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5237\u9898\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u73a9\u201c\u626b\u96f7\u201d\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u81ea\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u5730\u5c06\u5730\u96f7\u9010\u4e2a\u6392\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u70b8\u7684\u6ee1\u5934\u662f\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u632b\u6298\u4e2d\u6b65\u6b65\u9000\u7f29\u3002\u901a\u8bfb\u6559\u6750\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u6c42\u804c\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5b63\u3001\u6295\u9012\u7b80\u5386\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u7b14\u8bd5\u9762\u8bd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u5e78\u8fd0\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u5230 Offer \uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5730\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u5730\u96f7\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u6392\u96f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u9886\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u5237\u9898\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002</p>  \u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb  <p>\u9773\u5b87\u680b (Krahets)\uff0c\u5927\u5382\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3002\u529b\u6263\uff08LeetCode\uff09\u5168\u7f51\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u535a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5176 LeetBook\u300a\u56fe\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba2\u9605 24 \u4e07\u672c\u3002</p>  \u81f4\u8c22  <p>\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4f17\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u957f\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5949\u732e\u4f7f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u6309\u7167 GitHub \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff1a</p> <p> </p> <p>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u9605\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 Gonglja, gvenusleo, justin\u2010tse, krahets, nuomi1, Reanon, sjinzh \u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6309\u7167\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u3002</p> <sub>Gonglja</sub><sub>C / C++</sub> <sub>gvenusleo</sub><sub>Dart</sub> <sub>hpstory</sub><sub>C#</sub> <sub>justin-tse</sub><sub>JS / TS</sub> <sub>krahets</sub><sub>Java / Python</sub> <sub>nuomi1</sub><sub>Swift</sub> <sub>Reanon</sub><sub>Go / C</sub> <sub>sjinzh</sub><sub>Rust / Zig</sub>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/","title":"\u7b2c 16 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u9644\u5f55","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5</li> <li>16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/","title":"16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9057\u6f0f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u8c05\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b14\u8bef\u3001\u5931\u6548\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u6216\u884c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u534f\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfb\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u3002</p> <p>\u6240\u6709\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684 GitHub ID \u5c06\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u548c PDF \u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5949\u732e\u3002</p> <p>\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u9b45\u529b</p> <p>\u7eb8\u8d28\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u5370\u5237\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u65b0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\u5728\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u8fed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u6570\u65e5\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1621","title":"16.2.1 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u5fae\u8c03","text":"<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u672c\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u70b9\u51fb\u9875\u9762\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u7684\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u56fe\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u201c\u9700\u8981 Fork \u6b64\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8bf7\u540c\u610f\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u4fee\u6539 Markdown \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u6392\u7248\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\u586b\u5199\u4fee\u6539\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u201cPropose file change\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9875\u9762\u7f16\u8f91\u6309\u952e </p> <p>\u56fe\u7247\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u5efa Issue \u6216\u8bc4\u8bba\u7559\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed8\u5236\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u56fe\u7247\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1622","title":"16.2.2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b64\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd Pull Request \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u767b\u5f55 GitHub \uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u4ed3\u5e93 Fork \u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0b\u3002</li> <li>\u8fdb\u5165\u60a8\u7684 Fork \u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>git clone</code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ed3\u5e93\u514b\u9686\u81f3\u672c\u5730\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6240\u505a\u66f4\u6539 Commit \uff0c\u7136\u540e Push \u81f3\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002</li> <li>\u5237\u65b0\u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1623-docker","title":"16.2.3 \u00a0 Docker \u90e8\u7f72","text":"<p>\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b Docker \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7a0d\u7b49\u7247\u523b\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5728\u7f51\u9875 <code>http://localhost:8000</code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u3002</p> <pre><code>git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git\ncd hello-algo\ndocker-compose up -d\n</code></pre> <p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u90e8\u7f72\u3002</p> <pre><code>docker-compose down\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/","title":"16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1611-vscode","title":"16.1.1 \u00a0 VSCode","text":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u6e90\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 VSCode \u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730 IDE \uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 VSCode \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1612-java","title":"16.1.2 \u00a0 Java \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 OpenJDK\uff08\u7248\u672c\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3 &gt; JDK 9\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>java</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Extension Pack for Java \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1613-cc","title":"16.1.3 \u00a0 C/C++ \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 MinGW\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\uff0cMacOS \u81ea\u5e26 Clang \u65e0\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>c++</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C/C++ Extension Pack \u3002</li> <li>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u6253\u5f00 Settings \u9875\u9762\uff0c\u641c\u7d22 <code>Clang_format_fallback Style</code> \u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <code>{ BasedOnStyle: Microsoft, BreakBeforeBraces: Attach }</code> \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1614-python","title":"16.1.4 \u00a0 Python \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Miniconda3 \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>python</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Python Extension Pack \u3002</li> <li>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 <code>pip install black</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1615-go","title":"16.1.5 \u00a0 Go \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 go \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>go</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Go \u3002</li> <li>\u5feb\u6377\u952e <code>Ctrl + Shift + P</code> \u547c\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u680f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 go \uff0c\u9009\u62e9 <code>Go: Install/Update Tools</code> \uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u52fe\u9009\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1616-javascript","title":"16.1.6 \u00a0 JavaScript \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 node.js \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>javascript</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 JavaScript (ES6) code snippets \u3002</li> <li>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>Prettier</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1617-c","title":"16.1.7 \u00a0 C# \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 .Net 6.0 \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>C# Dev Kit</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C# Dev Kit \uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 Visual Studio\uff08\u5b89\u88c5\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1618-swift","title":"16.1.8 \u00a0 Swift \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Swift\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>swift</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Swift for Visual Studio Code\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1619-dart","title":"16.1.9 \u00a0 Dart \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>dart</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#16110-rust","title":"16.1.10 \u00a0 Rust \u73af\u5883","text":"<ol> <li>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Rust\u3002</li> <li>\u5728 VSCode \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 <code>rust</code> \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 rust-analyzer\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/","title":"\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u7779\u539a\u5b9e\u7684\u7816\u5899\u3002</p> <p>\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7816\u5757\u6574\u9f50\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u7d27\u8d34\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7816\u5757\u5206\u6563\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u85e4\u8513\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u7816\u7f1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4</li> <li>4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868</li> <li>4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868</li> <li>4.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/","title":"4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u300c\u7d22\u5f15 index\u300d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f </p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#411","title":"4.1.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3001\u7ed9\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\nint arr[5];\nint nums[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff08\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\nint* arr1 = new int[5];\nint* nums1 = new int[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\narr: list[int] = [0] * 5  # [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]\nnums: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]  \n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr [5]int\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[5]int\uff09\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[]int\uff09\u4e3a\u5207\u7247\n// \u7531\u4e8e Go \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u6269\u5bb9 extend() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u5207\u7247\uff08Slice\uff09\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Array\uff09\nnums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr = new Array(5).fill(0);\nvar nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: number[] = new Array(5).fill(0);\nlet nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>int arr[5] = { 0 }; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: 5) // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar arr = [_]i32{0} ** 5; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nvar nums = [_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nList&lt;int&gt; arr = List.filled(5, 0); // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![0; 5]; // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b64\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <pre><code># \u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 = \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff09 + \u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6 * \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nelementAddr = firtstElementAddr + elementLength * elementIndex\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u4e5f\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int[] nums) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = rand() % size;\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def random_access(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, len(nums)-1] \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nrandom_index = random.randint(0, len(nums) - 1)\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nrandom_num = nums[random_index]\nreturn random_num\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums []int) (randomNum int) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nrandomIndex := rand.Intn(len(nums))\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nrandomNum = nums[randomIndex]\nreturn\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nconst random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nconst random_num = nums[random_index];\nreturn random_num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums: number[]): number {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nconst random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nconst random_num = nums[random_index];\nreturn random_num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = rand() % size;\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int[] nums) {\nRandom random = new();\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.Length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = random.Next(nums.Length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.count) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nlet randomIndex = nums.indices.randomElement()!\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nlet randomNum = nums[randomIndex]\nreturn randomNum\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfn randomAccess(nums: []i32) i32 {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\nvar randomIndex = std.crypto.random.intRangeLessThan(usize, 0, nums.len);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nvar randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(List nums) {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nint randomIndex = Random().nextInt(nums.length);\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nint randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\nreturn randomNum;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn random_access(nums: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len()) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\nlet random_index = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0..nums.len());\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\nlet random_num = nums[random_index];\nrandom_num\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u201c\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u201c\u4e22\u5931\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7559\u5728\u5217\u8868\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def insert(nums: list[int], num: int, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\"\"\"\n# \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1, index, -1):\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n# \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums []int, num int, index int) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; index; i-- {\nnums[i] = nums[i-1]\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums, num, index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums: number[], num: number, index: number): void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums: inout [Int], num: Int, index: Int) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in sequence(first: nums.count - 1, next: { $0 &gt; index + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\nfn insert(nums: []i32, num: i32, index: usize) void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar i = nums.len - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; index) : (i -= 1) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(List nums, int num, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; index; i--) {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfn insert(nums: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, num: i32, index: usize) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in (index + 1..nums.len()).rev() {\nnums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53d8\u5f97\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u610f\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def remove(nums: list[int], index: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in range(index, len(nums) - 1):\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums []int, index int) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i := index; i &lt; len(nums)-1; i++ {\nnums[i] = nums[i+1]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums, index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums: number[], index: number): void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; nums.Length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums: inout [Int], index: Int) {\nlet count = nums.count\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in sequence(first: index, next: { $0 &lt; count - 1 - 1 ? $0 + 1 : nil }) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\nfn remove(nums: []i32, index: usize) void {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar i = index;\nwhile (i &lt; nums.len - 1) : (i += 1) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(List nums, int index) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var i = index; i &lt; nums.length - 1; i++) {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn remove(nums: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, index: usize) {\n// \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor i in index..nums.len() - 1 {\nnums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u4e22\u5931\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002</li> <li>\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def traverse(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\ncount = 0\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\ncount += 1\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor num in nums:\ncount += 1\n# \u540c\u65f6\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5143\u7d20\nfor i, num in enumerate(nums):\ncount += 1\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums []int) {\ncount := 0\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\ncount++\n}\ncount = 0\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor range nums {\ncount++\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums) {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums: number[]): void {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums: [Int]) {\nvar count = 0\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in nums.indices {\ncount += 1\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in nums {\ncount += 1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfn traverse(nums: []i32) void {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; nums.len) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount = 0;\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (nums) |_| {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid traverse(List nums) {\nvar count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (var num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\n// \u901a\u8fc7 forEach \u65b9\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nnums.forEach((element) {\ncount++;\n});\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn traverse(nums: &amp;[i32]) {\nlet mut _count = 0;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in 0..nums.len() {\n_count += 1;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor _ in nums {\n_count += 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u82e5\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int[] nums, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def find(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\nif nums[i] == target:\nreturn i\nreturn -1\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums []int, target int) (index int) {\nindex = -1\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\nif nums[i] == target {\nindex = i\nbreak\n}\n}\nreturn\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums, target) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] === target) return i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums: number[], target: number): number {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] === target) {\nreturn i;\n}\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int[] nums, int target) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nfor i in nums.indices {\nif nums[i] == target {\nreturn i\n}\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\nfn find(nums: []i32, target: i32) i32 {\nfor (nums, 0..) |num, i| {\nif (num == target) return @intCast(i);\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(List nums, int target) {\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (nums[i] == target) return i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn find(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;usize&gt; {\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\nif nums[i] == target {\nreturn Some(i);\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#7","title":"7. \u00a0 \u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4","text":"<p>\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array.java<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] res = new int[nums.length + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint *res = new int[size + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete[] nums;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.py<pre><code>def extend(nums: list[int], enlarge: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nres = [0] * (len(nums) + enlarge)\n# \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\nres[i] = nums[i]\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res\n</code></pre> array.go<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums []int, enlarge int) []int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nres := make([]int, len(nums)+enlarge)\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i, num := range nums {\nres[i] = num\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array.js<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cJavaScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums, enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nconst res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.ts<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cTypeScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums: number[], enlarge: number): number[] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nconst res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.c<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (size + enlarge));\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = size; i &lt; size + enlarge; i++) {\nres[i] = 0;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.cs<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] res = new int[nums.Length + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.swift<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums: [Int], enlarge: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count + enlarge)\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in nums.indices {\nres[i] = nums[i]\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array.zig<pre><code>// \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\nfn extend(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []i32, enlarge: usize) ![]i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nvar res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, nums.len + enlarge);\n@memset(res, 0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nstd.mem.copy(i32, res, nums);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.dart<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nList extend(List nums, int enlarge) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(nums.length + enlarge, 0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array.rs<pre><code>/* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn extend(nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, enlarge: usize) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nlet mut res: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![0; nums.len() + enlarge];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nres\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#412","title":"4.1.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e14\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u542b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8: \u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u9500\u3002</li> <li>\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee: \u6570\u7ec4\u5141\u8bb8\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027: \u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4f4e:\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8: \u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39: \u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#413","title":"4.1.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e2\u9891\u7e41\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9e\u73b0\u6837\u672c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u3002</li> <li>\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u5230 ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/","title":"4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u94fe\u8868 linked list\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u300c\u8282\u70b9 node\u300d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u503c\u201d\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 Java, C++, Python \u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(\\text{null}\\) , \\(\\text{nullptr}\\) , \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5728 C, C++, Go, Rust \u7b49\u652f\u6301\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u5e94\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 <code>ListNode</code> \u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u989d\u5916\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class ListNode:\n\"\"\"\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                  # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.next: Optional[ListNode] = None # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype ListNode struct {\nVal  int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nNext *ListNode // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n// NewListNode \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nfunc NewListNode(val int) *ListNode {\nreturn &amp;ListNode{\nVal:  val,\nNext: nil,\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval;\nnext;\nconstructor(val, next) {\nthis.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val);       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = (next === undefined ? null : next); // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval: number;\nnext: ListNode | null;\nconstructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = next === undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nstruct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n};\ntypedef struct ListNode ListNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\nListNode *node, *next;\nnode = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;next = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;   // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) =&gt; val = x;  //\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\ninit(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nval = x\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nval: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\npub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\nself.val = x;\nself.next = null;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode? next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(this.val, [this.next]); // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\nval: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#421","title":"4.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u8868\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411 <code>next</code> \u4f9d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\nn1-&gt;next = n2;\nn2-&gt;next = n3;\nn3-&gt;next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 = ListNode(1)\nn1 = ListNode(3)\nn2 = ListNode(2)\nn3 = ListNode(5)\nn4 = ListNode(4)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 := NewListNode(1)\nn1 := NewListNode(3)\nn2 := NewListNode(2)\nn3 := NewListNode(5)\nn4 := NewListNode(4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.Next = n1\nn1.Next = n2\nn2.Next = n3\nn3.Next = n4\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = newListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = newListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = newListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = newListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = newListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\nn1-&gt;next = n2;\nn2-&gt;next = n3;\nn3-&gt;next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = ListNode(x: 1)\nlet n1 = ListNode(x: 3)\nlet n2 = ListNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = ListNode(x: 5)\nlet n4 = ListNode(x: 4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar n0 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 1};\nvar n1 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 3};\nvar n2 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 2};\nvar n3 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 5};\nvar n4 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 4};\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = &amp;n1;\nn1.next = &amp;n2;\nn2.next = &amp;n3;\nn3.next = &amp;n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\\\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 5 -&gt; 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 1, next: None }));\nlet n1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 3, next: None }));\nlet n2 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 2, next: None }));\nlet n3 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 5, next: None }));\nlet n4 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 4, next: None }));\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\nn0.borrow_mut().next = Some(n1.clone());\nn1.borrow_mut().next = Some(n2.clone());\nn2.borrow_mut().next = Some(n3.clone());\nn3.borrow_mut().next = Some(n4.clone());\n</code></pre> <p>\u6570\u7ec4\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20 <code>nums[0]</code> , <code>nums[1]</code> \u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u5f53\u4f5c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4ee3\u79f0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u88ab\u8bb0\u505a\u94fe\u8868 <code>n0</code> \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 <code>n0</code> , <code>n1</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 <code>P</code> \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\nListNode n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\nListNode *n1 = n0-&gt;next;\nP-&gt;next = n1;\nn0-&gt;next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode):\n\"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\"\"\"\nn1 = n0.next\nP.next = n1\nn0.next = P\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insertNode(n0 *ListNode, P *ListNode) {\nn1 := n0.Next\nP.Next = n1\nn0.Next = P\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0, P) {\nconst n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode): void {\nconst n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\nListNode *n1 = n0-&gt;next;\nP-&gt;next = n1;\nn0-&gt;next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\nListNode? n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode) {\nlet n1 = n0.next\nP.next = n1\nn0.next = P\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nfn insert(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), P: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\nvar n1 = n0.?.next;\nP.?.next = n1;\nn0.?.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\nListNode? n1 = n0.next;\nP.next = n1;\nn0.next = P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn insert&lt;T&gt;(n0: &amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;, P: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nlet n1 =  n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\nP.borrow_mut().next = n1;\nn0.borrow_mut().next = Some(P);\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8282\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411 <code>n1</code> \uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u904d\u5386\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 <code>P</code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 <code>P</code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u4e86\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\nif (n0.next == null)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode P = n0.next;\nListNode n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode *n0) {\nif (n0-&gt;next == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode *P = n0-&gt;next;\nListNode *n1 = P-&gt;next;\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete P;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def remove(n0: ListNode):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nif not n0.next:\nreturn\n# n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nP = n0.next\nn1 = P.next\nn0.next = n1\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc removeNode(n0 *ListNode) {\nif n0.Next == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nP := n0.Next\nn1 := P.Next\nn0.Next = n1\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0) {\nif (!n0.next) return;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nconst P = n0.next;\nconst n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0: ListNode): void {\nif (!n0.next) {\nreturn;\n}\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nconst P = n0.next;\nconst n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeNode(ListNode *n0) {\nif (!n0-&gt;next)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode *P = n0-&gt;next;\nListNode *n1 = P-&gt;next;\nn0-&gt;next = n1;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfree(P);\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\nif (n0.next == null)\nreturn;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode P = n0.next;\nListNode? n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(n0: ListNode) {\nif n0.next == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nlet P = n0.next\nlet n1 = P?.next\nn0.next = n1\nP?.next = nil\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\nif (n0.?.next == null) return;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nvar P = n0.?.next;\nvar n1 = P.?.next;\nn0.?.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\nif (n0.next == null) return;\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nListNode P = n0.next!;\nListNode? n1 = P.next;\nn0.next = n1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn remove&lt;T&gt;(n0: &amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nif n0.borrow().next.is_none() {return};\n// n0 -&gt; P -&gt; n1\nlet P = n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\nif let Some(node) = P {\nlet n1 = node.borrow_mut().next.take();\nn0.borrow_mut().next = n1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(i - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode access(ListNode head, int index) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == null)\nreturn null;\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\nhead = head-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def access(head: ListNode, index: int) -&gt; ListNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nfor _ in range(index):\nif not head:\nreturn None\nhead = head.next\nreturn head\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head *ListNode, index int) *ListNode {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; index; i++ {\nif head == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\nhead = head.Next\n}\nreturn head\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head, index) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (!head) {\nreturn null;\n}\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head: ListNode | null, index: number): ListNode | null {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (!head) {\nreturn null;\n}\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\nwhile (head &amp;&amp; head-&gt;next &amp;&amp; index) {\nhead = head-&gt;next;\nindex--;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? access(ListNode head, int index) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == null)\nreturn null;\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head: ListNode, index: Int) -&gt; ListNode? {\nvar head: ListNode? = head\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; index {\nif head == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\nhead = head?.next\n}\nreturn head\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\nfn access(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), index: i32) ?*inc.ListNode(i32) {\nvar head = node;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; index) : (i += 1) {\nhead = head.?.next;\nif (head == null) return null;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? access(ListNode? head, int index) {\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; index; i++) {\nif (head == null) return null;\nhead = head.next;\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn access&lt;T&gt;(head: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;, index: i32) -&gt; Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nif index &lt;= 0 {return head};\nif let Some(node) = &amp;head.borrow_mut().next {\nreturn access(node.clone(), index - 1);\n}\nreturn head;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u94fe\u8868\u5185\u503c\u4e3a <code>target</code> \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linked_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head.next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != nullptr) {\nif (head-&gt;val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head-&gt;next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.py<pre><code>def find(head: ListNode, target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nindex = 0\nwhile head:\nif head.val == target:\nreturn index\nhead = head.next\nindex += 1\nreturn -1\n</code></pre> linked_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc findNode(head *ListNode, target int) int {\nindex := 0\nfor head != nil {\nif head.Val == target {\nreturn index\n}\nhead = head.Next\nindex++\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head, target) {\nlet index = 0;\nwhile (head !== null) {\nif (head.val === target) {\nreturn index;\n}\nhead = head.next;\nindex += 1;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head: ListNode | null, target: number): number {\nlet index = 0;\nwhile (head !== null) {\nif (head.val === target) {\nreturn index;\n}\nhead = head.next;\nindex += 1;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head) {\nif (head-&gt;val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head-&gt;next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.val == target)\nreturn index;\nhead = head.next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc find(head: ListNode, target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar head: ListNode? = head\nvar index = 0\nwhile head != nil {\nif head?.val == target {\nreturn index\n}\nhead = head?.next\nindex += 1\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn find(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), target: i32) i32 {\nvar head = node;\nvar index: i32 = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.?.val == target) return index;\nhead = head.?.next;\nindex += 1;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode? head, int target) {\nint index = 0;\nwhile (head != null) {\nif (head.val == target) {\nreturn index;\n}\nhead = head.next;\nindex++;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> linked_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn find&lt;T: PartialEq&gt;(head: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;, target: T, index: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif head.borrow().val == target {return index};\nif let Some(node) = &amp;head.borrow_mut().next {\nreturn find(node.clone(), target, index + 1);\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#422-vs","title":"4.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4 VS \u94fe\u8868","text":"<p>\u4e0b\u8868\u603b\u7ed3\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f \u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u79bb\u6563\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027 \u53cb\u597d \u4e0d\u53cb\u597d \u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5c55 \u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8 \u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u6269\u5c55 \u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387 \u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5c11\u3001\u6d6a\u8d39\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u591a \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#423","title":"4.2.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5373\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u503c\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6210\u4e3a\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7a7a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee4\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u4e0e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u671d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nListNode *prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr), prev(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class ListNode:\n\"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                   # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.next: Optional[ListNode] = None  # \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nself.prev: Optional[ListNode] = None  # \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype DoublyListNode struct {\nVal  int             // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nNext *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nPrev *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n// NewDoublyListNode \u521d\u59cb\u5316\nfunc NewDoublyListNode(val int) *DoublyListNode {\nreturn &amp;DoublyListNode{\nVal:  val,\nNext: nil,\nPrev: nil,\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval;\nnext;\nprev;\nconstructor(val, next, prev) {\nthis.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nthis.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nval: number;\nnext: ListNode | null;\nprev: ListNode | null;\nconstructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null, prev?: ListNode | null) {\nthis.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nthis.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\nint val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nstruct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nstruct ListNode *prev; // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n};\ntypedef struct ListNode ListNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\nListNode *node, *next;\nnode = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;next = NULL;\nnode-&gt;prev = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int x) =&gt; val = x;  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nvar prev: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\ninit(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\nval = x\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nval: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nprev: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\npub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\nself.val = x;\nself.next = null;\nself.prev = null;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\nint val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(this.val, [this.next, this.prev]);  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\nval: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\nprev: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nimpl ListNode {\nfn new(val: i32) -&gt; Self {\nListNode {\nval,\nnext: None,\nprev: None,\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u79cd\u7c7b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#424","title":"4.2.4 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u548c\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6808\uff1b\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u961f\u5217\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002</li> <li>LRU \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08LRU\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 CPU \u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0cCPU \u5c06\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u64ad\u653e\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u5757\u5e76\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u64ad\u653e\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/","title":"4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e8b\u5148\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\uff1b\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 dynamic array\u300d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5217\u8868 list\u300d\u3002\u5217\u8868\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#431","title":"4.3.1 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list1 = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u4e3a int[] \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer[]\uff09\nInteger[] numbers = new Integer[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(Arrays.asList(numbers));\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cC++ \u4e2d vector \u5373\u662f\u672c\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 list\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector&lt;int&gt; list1;\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector&lt;int&gt; list = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\n# \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist1: list[int] = []\n# \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist1 := []int\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlist := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list1: number[] = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst list: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = new ();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nint[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\nList&lt;int&gt; list = numbers.ToList();\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet list1: [Int] = []\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvar list = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\nvar list = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer list.deinit();\ntry list.appendSlice(&amp;[_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 });\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList&lt;int&gt; list = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet list1: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = Vec::new();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet list2: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u5217\u8868\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list.get(1);  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.set(1, 0);  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nnum: int = list[1]  # \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nlist[1] = 0    # \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nnum := list[1]  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0     // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num: number = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num = list[1] // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0 // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nvar num = list.items[1]; // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nlist.items[1] = 0; // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0  \n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = list[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num: i32 = list[1];    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist[1] = 0;               // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.add(1);\nlist.add(3);\nlist.add(2);\nlist.add(5);\nlist.add(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.add(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.remove(3);  // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push_back(1);\nlist.push_back(3);\nlist.push_back(2);\nlist.push_back(5);\nlist.push_back(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(list.begin() + 3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.erase(list.begin() + 3);      // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nlist.clear()\n# \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nlist.append(1)\nlist.append(3)\nlist.append(2)\nlist.append(5)\nlist.append(4)\n# \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\nlist.insert(3, 6)  # \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n# \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nlist.pop(3)        # \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist = nil\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist = append(list, 1)\nlist = append(list, 3)\nlist = append(list, 2)\nlist = append(list, 5)\nlist = append(list, 4)\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist = append(list[:3], append([]int{6}, list[3:]...)...) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist = append(list[:3], list[4:]...) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.length = 0;\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push(1);\nlist.push(3);\nlist.push(2);\nlist.push(5);\nlist.push(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 0, 6);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 1);\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.length = 0;\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push(1);\nlist.push(3);\nlist.push(2);\nlist.push(5);\nlist.push(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 0, 6);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.splice(3, 1);\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.Clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.Add(1);\nlist.Add(3);\nlist.Add(2);\nlist.Add(5);\nlist.Add(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.Insert(3, 6);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.RemoveAt(3);\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.removeAll()\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.append(1)\nlist.append(3)\nlist.append(2)\nlist.append(5)\nlist.append(4)\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(6, at: 3) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.remove(at: 3) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nlist.clearRetainingCapacity();\n// \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\ntry list.append(1);\ntry list.append(3);\ntry list.append(2);\ntry list.append(5);\ntry list.append(4);\n// \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\ntry list.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n// \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n_ = list.orderedRemove(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.add(1);\nlist.add(3);\nlist.add(2);\nlist.add(5);\nlist.add(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.removeAt(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.clear();\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.push(1);\nlist.push(3);\nlist.push(2);\nlist.push(5);\nlist.push(4);\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.insert(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nlist.remove(3);    // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int n : list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int n : list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\ncount = 0\nfor i in range(len(list)):\ncount += 1\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\ncount = 0\nfor n in list:\ncount += 1\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\ncount := 0\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(list); i++ {\ncount++\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor range list {\ncount++\n}\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const n of list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const n of list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.Count; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nforeach (int n in list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nvar count = 0\nfor _ in list.indices {\ncount += 1\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor _ in list {\ncount += 1\n}\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; list.items.len) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\ncount = 0;\nfor (list.items) |_| {\ncount += 1;\n}\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; list.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int n in list) {\ncount++;\n}\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet mut count = 0;\nfor (index, value) in list.iter().enumerate() {\ncount += 1;\n}\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet mut count = 0;\nfor value in list.iter() {\ncount += 1;\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u62fc\u63a5\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5217\u8868 <code>list1</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u5217\u8868\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list1 = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 }));\nlist.addAll(list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; list1 = { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\nlist.insert(list.end(), list1.begin(), list1.end());\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nlist1: list[int] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nlist += list1  # \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlist1 := []int{6, 8, 7, 10, 9}\nlist = append(list, list1...)  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst list1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.push(...list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst list1: number[] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.push(...list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = new() { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };\nlist.AddRange(list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet list1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nlist.append(contentsOf: list1) // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nvar list1 = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer list1.deinit();\ntry list1.appendSlice(&amp;[_]i32{ 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 });\ntry list.insertSlice(list.items.len, list1.items); // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList&lt;int&gt; list1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.addAll(list1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 list1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 list \u4e4b\u540e\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet list1: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = vec![6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nlist.extend(list1);\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868","text":"<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u5217\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust list.java<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nCollections.sort(list);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort(list.begin(), list.end());  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.py<pre><code># \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nlist.sort()  # \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list_test.go<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort.Ints(list)  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.js<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */  list.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.ts<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n</code></pre> list.cs<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.Sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.swift<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort() // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.zig<pre><code>// \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nstd.sort.sort(i32, list.items, {}, comptime std.sort.asc(i32));\n</code></pre> list.dart<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre> list.rs<pre><code>/* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nlist.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#432","title":"4.3.2 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Java, C++, Python \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8003\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u6e90\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 10 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf size\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u3002</li> <li>\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u82e5\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 2 \u500d\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_list.java<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate int[] nums; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate int capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate int size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate int extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic MyList() {\nnums = new int[capacity];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int get(int index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\nnums[size] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n}\nnums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int remove(int index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nint num = nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; size - 1; j++) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nsize--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npublic void extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = Arrays.copyOf(nums, capacity() * extendRatio);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ncapacity = nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nint size = size();\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] nums = new int[size];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate:\nint *nums;             // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint numsCapacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nint numsSize = 0;      // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nint extendRatio = 2;   // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nMyList() {\nnums = new int[numsCapacity];\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n~MyList() {\ndelete[] nums;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nint size() {\nreturn numsSize;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn numsCapacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(int index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size() == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\nnums[size()] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (size() == capacity())\nextendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = size() - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n}\nnums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nint remove(int index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nint num = nums[index];\n// \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; size() - 1; j++) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nint newCapacity = capacity() * extendRatio;\nint *tmp = nums;\nnums = new int[newCapacity];\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nnums[i] = tmp[i];\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete[] tmp;\nnumsCapacity = newCapacity;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Vector \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvector&lt;int&gt; vec(size());\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nvec[i] = nums[i];\n}\nreturn vec;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> my_list.py<pre><code>class MyList:\n\"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__capacity: int = 10  # \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.__nums: list[int] = [0] * self.__capacity  # \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nself.__size: int = 0  # \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nself.__extend_ratio: int = 2  # \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef capacity(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn self.__capacity\ndef get(self, index: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\nreturn self.__nums[index]\ndef set(self, num: int, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\nself.__nums[index] = num\ndef add(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.size() == self.capacity():\nself.extend_capacity()\nself.__nums[self.__size] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef insert(self, num: int, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n# \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nself.extend_capacity()\n# \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in range(self.__size - 1, index - 1, -1):\nself.__nums[j + 1] = self.__nums[j]\nself.__nums[index] = num\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.__size += 1\ndef remove(self, index: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.__size:\nraise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\nnum = self.__nums[index]\n# \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in range(index, self.__size - 1):\nself.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.__size -= 1\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num\ndef extend_capacity(self):\n\"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\"\"\"\n# \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 __extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nself.__nums = self.__nums + [0] * self.capacity() * (self.__extend_ratio - 1)\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.__capacity = len(self.__nums)\ndef to_array(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868\"\"\"\nreturn self.__nums[: self.__size]\n</code></pre> my_list.go<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\ntype myList struct {\nnumsCapacity int\nnums         []int\nnumsSize     int\nextendRatio  int\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newMyList() *myList {\nreturn &amp;myList{\nnumsCapacity: 10,              // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nnums:         make([]int, 10), // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnumsSize:     0,               // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nextendRatio:  2,               // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\nfunc (l *myList) size() int {\nreturn l.numsSize\n}\n/*  \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc (l *myList) capacity() int {\nreturn l.numsCapacity\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) get(index int) int {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nreturn l.nums[index]\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) set(num, index int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nl.nums[index] = num\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) add(num int) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif l.numsSize == l.numsCapacity {\nl.extendCapacity()\n}\nl.nums[l.numsSize] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nl.numsSize++\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) insert(num, index int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif l.numsSize == l.numsCapacity {\nl.extendCapacity()\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j := l.numsSize - 1; j &gt;= index; j-- {\nl.nums[j+1] = l.nums[j]\n}\nl.nums[index] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nl.numsSize++\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) remove(index int) int {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= l.numsSize {\npanic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nnum := l.nums[index]\n// \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j := index; j &lt; l.numsSize-1; j++ {\nl.nums[j] = l.nums[j+1]\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nl.numsSize--\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nfunc (l *myList) extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nl.nums = append(l.nums, make([]int, l.numsCapacity*(l.extendRatio-1))...)\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nl.numsCapacity = len(l.nums)\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868 */\nfunc (l *myList) toArray() []int {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nreturn l.nums[:l.numsSize]\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.js<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\n#nums = new Array(); // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n#capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n#extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#nums = new Array(this.#capacity);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nsize() {\nreturn this.#size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\ncapacity() {\nreturn this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nget(index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nreturn this.#nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nset(index, num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nthis.#nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nadd(num) {\n// \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\nthis.extendCapacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.#nums[this.#size] = num;\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\ninsert(index, num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\nthis.extendCapacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = this.#size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nthis.#nums[j + 1] = this.#nums[j];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis.#nums[index] = num;\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nremove(index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nlet num = this.#nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = index; j &lt; this.#size - 1; j++) {\nthis.#nums[j] = this.#nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis.#size--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nextendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.#nums = this.#nums.concat(\nnew Array(this.capacity() * (this.#extendRatio - 1))\n);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nthis.#capacity = this.#nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\ntoArray() {\nlet size = this.size();\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst nums = new Array(size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = this.get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate nums: Array&lt;number&gt;; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate _capacity: number = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate _size: number = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate extendRatio: number = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.nums = new Array(this._capacity);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\npublic size(): number {\nreturn this._size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic capacity(): number {\nreturn this._capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic get(index: number): number {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nreturn this.nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic set(index: number, num: number): void {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nthis.nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic add(num: number): void {\n// \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this._size === this._capacity) this.extendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.nums[this._size] = num;\nthis._size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic insert(index: number, num: number): void {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (this._size === this._capacity) {\nthis.extendCapacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = this._size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nthis.nums[j + 1] = this.nums[j];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis.nums[index] = num;\nthis._size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic remove(index: number): number {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nlet num = this.nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (let j = index; j &lt; this._size - 1; j++) {\nthis.nums[j] = this.nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nthis._size--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npublic extendCapacity(): void {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.nums = this.nums.concat(\nnew Array(this.capacity() * (this.extendRatio - 1))\n);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nthis._capacity = this.nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic toArray(): number[] {\nlet size = this.size();\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst nums = new Array(size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = this.get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.c<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nstruct myList {\nint *nums;       // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint capacity;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nint size;        // \u5217\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\nint extendRatio; // \u5217\u8868\u6bcf\u6b21\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n};\ntypedef struct myList myList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nmyList *newMyList() {\nmyList *list = malloc(sizeof(myList));\nlist-&gt;capacity = 10;\nlist-&gt;nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * list-&gt;capacity);\nlist-&gt;size = 0;\nlist-&gt;extendRatio = 2;\nreturn list;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delMyList(myList *list) {\nfree(list-&gt;nums);\nfree(list);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(myList *list) {\nreturn list-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(myList *list) {\nreturn list-&gt;capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(myList *list, int index) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; list-&gt;size);\nreturn list-&gt;nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(myList *list, int index, int num) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; list-&gt;size);\nlist-&gt;nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(myList *list, int num) {\nif (size(list) == capacity(list)) {\nextendCapacity(list); // \u6269\u5bb9\n}\nlist-&gt;nums[size(list)] = num;\nlist-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(myList *list, int index, int num) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; size(list));\nfor (int i = size(list); i &gt; index; --i) {\nlist-&gt;nums[i] = list-&gt;nums[i - 1];\n}\nlist-&gt;nums[index] = num;\nlist-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nint removeNum(myList *list, int index) {\nassert(index &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; index &lt; size(list));\nint num = list-&gt;nums[index];\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; size(list) - 1; i++) {\nlist-&gt;nums[i] = list-&gt;nums[i + 1];\n}\nlist-&gt;size--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity(myList *list) {\n// \u5148\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\nint newCapacity = capacity(list) * list-&gt;extendRatio;\nint *extend = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);\nint *temp = list-&gt;nums;\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u636e\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(list); i++)\nextend[i] = list-&gt;nums[i];\n// \u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u6570\u636e\nfree(temp);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u6570\u636e\nlist-&gt;nums = extend;\nlist-&gt;capacity = newCapacity;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Array \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nint *toArray(myList *list) {\nreturn list-&gt;nums;\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate int[] nums;           // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate int numsCapacity = 10;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate int numsSize = 0;         // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate int extendRatio = 2;  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic MyList() {\nnums = new int[numsCapacity];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\npublic int size() {\nreturn numsSize;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn numsCapacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int get(int index) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nnums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (numsSize == numsCapacity)\nextendCapacity();\nnums[numsSize] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic void insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (numsSize == numsCapacity)\nextendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = numsSize - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n}\nnums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int remove(int index) {\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= numsSize)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nint num = nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; numsSize - 1; j++) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nnumsSize--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npublic void extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a numsCapacity * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nArray.Resize(ref nums, numsCapacity * extendRatio);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nnumsCapacity = nums.Length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] nums = new int[numsSize];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numsSize; i++) {\nnums[i] = get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nprivate var nums: [Int] // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nprivate var _capacity = 10 // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate var _size = 0 // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nprivate let extendRatio = 2 // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit() {\nnums = Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity)\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\n_size\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc capacity() -&gt; Int {\n_capacity\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc get(index: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nreturn nums[index]\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc set(index: Int, num: Int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nnums[index] = num\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc add(num: Int) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif _size == _capacity {\nextendCapacity()\n}\nnums[_size] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc insert(index: Int, num: Int) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif _size == _capacity {\nextendCapacity()\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in sequence(first: _size - 1, next: { $0 &gt;= index + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]\n}\nnums[index] = num\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc remove(index: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= _size {\nfatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nlet num = nums[index]\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in index ..&lt; (_size - 1) {\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size -= 1\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nfunc extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = nums + Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity * (extendRatio - 1))\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n_capacity = nums.count\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\nfor i in 0 ..&lt; _size {\nnums[i] = get(index: i)\n}\nreturn nums\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.zig<pre><code>// \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\nfn MyList(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nnums: []T = undefined,                        // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnumsCapacity: usize = 10,                     // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nnumSize: usize = 0,                           // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nextendRatio: usize = 2,                       // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.numsCapacity);\n@memset(self.nums, @as(T, 0));\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.numSize;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\npub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.numsCapacity;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\npub fn get(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nreturn self.nums[index];\n}  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\npub fn set(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) void {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nself.nums[index] = num;\n}  // \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\npub fn add(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\nself.nums[self.size()] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.numSize += 1;\n}  // \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\npub fn insert(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) !void {\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar j = self.size() - 1;\nwhile (j &gt;= index) : (j -= 1) {\nself.nums[j + 1] = self.nums[j];\n}\nself.nums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.numSize += 1;\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\npub fn remove(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\nif (index &lt; 0 or index &gt;= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\nvar num = self.nums[index];\n// \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nvar j = index;\nwhile (j &lt; self.size() - 1) : (j += 1) {\nself.nums[j] = self.nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.numSize -= 1;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n// \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\npub fn extendCapacity(self: *Self) !void {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nvar newCapacity = self.capacity() * self.extendRatio;\nvar extend = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, newCapacity);\n@memset(extend, @as(T, 0));\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nstd.mem.copy(T, extend, self.nums);\nself.nums = extend;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.numsCapacity = newCapacity;\n}\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(nums, @as(T, 0));\nfor (nums, 0..) |*num, i| {\nnum.* = self.get(i);\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\nclass MyList {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _nums; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint _capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nint _size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nint _extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nMyList() {\n_nums = List.filled(_capacity, 0);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\nint size() =&gt; _size;\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() =&gt; _capacity;\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nreturn _nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(int index, int num) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n_nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(int num) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n_nums[_size] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size++;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(int index, int num) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var j = _size - 1; j &gt;= index; j--) {\n_nums[j + 1] = _nums[j];\n}\n_nums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nint remove(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\nint num = _nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor (var j = index; j &lt; _size - 1; j++) {\n_nums[j] = _nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n_size--;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity() {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 _extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nfinal _newNums = List.filled(_capacity * _extendRatio, 0);\n// \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nList.copyRange(_newNums, 0, _nums);\n// \u66f4\u65b0 _nums \u7684\u5f15\u7528\n_nums = _newNums;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n_capacity = _nums.length;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; _size; i++) {\nnums.add(get(i));\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\nstruct MyList {\nnums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,       // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\ncapacity: usize,      // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nsize: usize,          // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\nextend_ratio: usize,  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n}\n#[allow(unused,unused_comparisons)]\nimpl MyList {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(capacity: usize) -&gt; Self {\nlet mut vec = Vec::new(); vec.resize(capacity, 0);\nSelf {\nnums: vec,\ncapacity,\nsize: 0,\nextend_ratio: 2,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\npub fn capacity(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.capacity;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn get(&amp;self, index: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\nreturn self.nums[index];\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn set(&amp;mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\nself.nums[index] = num;\n}\n/* \u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn add(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.size == self.capacity() {\nself.extend_capacity();\n}\nself.nums[self.size] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.size += 1;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn insert(&amp;mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n// \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\nif self.size == self.capacity() {\nself.extend_capacity();\n}\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in (index..self.size).rev() {\nself.nums[j + 1] = self.nums[j];\n}\nself.nums[index] = num;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.size += 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn remove(&amp;mut self, index: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nif index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\nlet num = self.nums[index];\n// \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfor j in (index..self.size - 1) {\nself.nums[j] = self.nums[j + 1];\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\nself.size -= 1;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\npub fn extend_capacity(&amp;mut self) {\n// \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\nlet new_capacity = self.capacity * self.extend_ratio;\nself.nums.resize(new_capacity, 0);\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.capacity = new_capacity;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\npub fn to_array(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut nums = Vec::new();\nfor i in 0..self.size {\nnums.push(self.get(i));\n}\nnums\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/","title":"4.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u5c11\uff1b\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002</li> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u6539\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/#441-q-a","title":"4.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f</p> <p>\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6808\u548c\u5806\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6808\u548c\u5806\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u6808\u4e0d\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\uff1b\u5806\u76f8\u5bf9\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u3002</li> <li>\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u6bd4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u5806\u5e27\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u7ec4\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u8c03\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u94fe\u8868\u7531\u7ed3\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7ed3\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int, double, string, object \u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b int \u548c long \u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u522b\u5360\u7528 4 bytes \u548c 8 bytes \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd <code>elementLength</code> \u3002</p> <pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 = \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 + \u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6 * \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nelementAddr = firtstElementAddr + elementLength * elementIndex\n</code></pre> <p>\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u628a <code>P.next</code> \u8bbe\u4e3a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 <code>P.next</code> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u7ed3\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5230\u5c3e\u7ed3\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u9047\u4e0d\u5230 <code>P</code> \u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ed3\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7ed3\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u6307\u5411\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u8868\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e Java, Python, Go \u7b49\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8282\u70b9 <code>P</code> \u662f\u5426\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f <code>P.next</code> \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5728 C, C++ \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u589e\u5220\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u518d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684 \\(O(1)\\) \u589e\u5220\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u5934\u7ed3\u70b9\u3001\u5c3e\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u56fe\u7247\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u548c\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u6587\u4e2d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u8bdd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u6790\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 int, long, double, \u6216\u8005\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6269\u5bb9\u5217\u8868\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u642c\u8fd0\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u201c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u662f\u6307\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u6240\u5360\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\times 1.5\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u5b83\u4eec\u3002</p> <p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <code>n = [1, 2, 3]</code> \u540e\uff0c\u8fd9 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316 <code>m = [2, 1, 3]</code> \u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684 id \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u522b\u8ddf <code>n</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 <code>m</code> \u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u5047\u5982\u628a\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u6362\u6210\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 <code>n = [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5]</code> \uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u5b57\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a id \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002</p> <p>C++ STL \u91cc\u9762\u7684 std::list \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e66\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5462?</p> <p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u9752\u7750\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 <code>std::list</code> \u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 <code>std::vector</code> \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e\u7684\uff0c<code>std::list</code> \u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>std::vector</code> \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u3002\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 <code>stack</code> \u548c <code>queue</code> \uff0c\u800c\u975e\u94fe\u8868\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/","title":"\u7b2c 13 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u540c\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e2d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u5230\u901a\u5f80\u5149\u660e\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/","title":"13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5 backtracking algorithm\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u4e3e\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u6216\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u6765\u904d\u5386\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u9897\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_i_compact.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push_back(root);\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\nif root.val == 7:\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(root)\npre_order(root.left)\npre_order(root.right)\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrderI(root *TreeNode, res *[]*TreeNode) {\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\nif (root.Val).(int) == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n*res = append(*res, root)\n}\npreOrderI(root.Left, res)\npreOrderI(root.Right, res)\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root, res) {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, res);\npreOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null, res: TreeNode[]): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, res);\npreOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.Add(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\nif root.val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(root)\n}\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? root, List&lt;TreeNode&gt; res) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(root);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, res);\npreOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_i_compact.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfn pre_order(res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, root: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nif root.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nif let Some(node) = root {\nif node.borrow().val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(node.clone());\n}\npre_order(res, node.borrow().left.clone());\npre_order(res, node.borrow().right.clone());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u8282\u70b9 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1311","title":"13.1.1 \u00a0 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000","text":"<p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u7ed3\u70b9\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684 <code>return</code> \u5219\u8868\u793a\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u9000\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u7a0d\u4f5c\u62d3\u5c55\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c</p> <p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 <code>path</code> \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236 <code>path</code> \u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c<code>res</code> \u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_ii_compact.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(path));\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push_back(root);\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push_back(path);\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop_back();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7:\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(list(path))\npre_order(root.left)\npre_order(root.right)\n# \u56de\u9000\npath.pop()\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrderII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\n*path = append(*path, root)\nif root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n*res = append(*res, *path)\n}\npreOrderII(root.Left, res, path)\npreOrderII(root.Right, res, path)\n// \u56de\u9000\n*path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(\nroot: TreeNode | null,\npath: TreeNode[],\nres: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.c<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, vector *path, vector *res) {\nif (root == NULL) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\nvectorPushback(path, root, sizeof(TreeNode));\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nvector *newPath = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; path-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newPath, path-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newPath, sizeof(vector));\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left, path, res);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\nvectorPopback(path);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.Add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.Add(new List&lt;TreeNode&gt;(path));\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(path)\n}\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast()\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(\nTreeNode? root,\nList&lt;TreeNode&gt; path,\nList&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\nif (root == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(List.from(path));\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_ii_compact.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfn pre_order(res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, path: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, root: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nif root.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(node.clone());\nif node.borrow().val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(path.clone());\n}\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.len() -  1);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb <code>path</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4ece <code>path</code> \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u672c\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u8fdb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u9006\u5411\u7684\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1312","title":"13.1.2 \u00a0 \u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u526a\u679d\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09</p> <p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_iii_compact.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == null || root.val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(path));\npath.remove(path.size() - 1);\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == nullptr || root-&gt;val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push_back(root);\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push_back(path);\npath.pop_back();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop_back();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n# \u526a\u679d\nif root is None or root.val == 3:\nreturn\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7:\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(list(path))\npath.pop()\nreturn\npre_order(root.left)\npre_order(root.right)\n# \u56de\u9000\npath.pop()\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrderIII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif root == nil || root.Val == 3 {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\n*path = append(*path, root)\nif root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n*res = append(*res, *path)\n*path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\nreturn\n}\npreOrderIII(root.Left, res, path)\npreOrderIII(root.Right, res, path)\n// \u56de\u9000\n*path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root === null || root.val === 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\npath.pop();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(\nroot: TreeNode | null,\npath: TreeNode[],\nres: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root === null || root.val === 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(root);\nif (root.val === 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push([...path]);\npath.pop();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.pop();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.c<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, vector *path, vector *res) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == NULL || root-&gt;val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\nvectorPushback(path, root, sizeof(TreeNode));\nif (root-&gt;val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nvector *newPath = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; path-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newPath, path-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newPath, sizeof(vector));\nres-&gt;depth++;\n}\npreOrder(root-&gt;left, path, res);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\nvectorPopback(path);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif (root == null || root.val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.Add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.Add(new List&lt;TreeNode&gt;(path));\npath.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nguard let root = root, root.val != 3 else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.append(root)\nif root.val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.append(path)\npath.removeLast()\nreturn\n}\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast()\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(\nTreeNode? root,\nList&lt;TreeNode&gt; path,\nList&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\nif (root == null || root.val == 3) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.add(root);\nif (root.val == 7) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.add(List.from(path));\npath.removeLast();\nreturn;\n}\npreOrder(root.left, path, res);\npreOrder(root.right, path, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.removeLast();\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn pre_order(res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, path: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, root: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u526a\u679d\nif root.is_none() || root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow().val == 3 {\nreturn;\n}\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\npath.push(node.clone());\nif node.borrow().val == 7 {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nres.push(path.clone());\npath.remove(path.len() -  1);\nreturn;\n}\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\npre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n// \u56de\u9000\npath.remove(path.len() -  1);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u526a\u679d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u526a\u6389\u201d\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u526a\u679d </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1313","title":"13.1.3 \u00a0 \u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801","text":"<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u56de\u9000\u3001\u526a\u679d\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c<code>state</code> \u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c<code>choices</code> \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List&lt;Choice&gt; choices, List&lt;State&gt; res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Choice choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, vector&lt;Choice *&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;State *&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Choice choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def backtrack(state: State, choices: list[choice], res: list[state]):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\"\"\"\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif is_solution(state):\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecord_solution(state, res)\n# \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices:\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif is_valid(state, choice):\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmake_choice(state, choice)\nbacktrack(state, choices, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundo_choice(state, choice)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state *State, choices []Choice, res *[]State) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res)\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor _, choice := range choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state, choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice)\nbacktrack(state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state: State, choices: Choice[], res: State[]): void {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, Choice *choices, int numChoices, State *res, int numRes) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res, numRes);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numChoices; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, &amp;choices[i])) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, &amp;choices[i]);\nbacktrack(state, choices, numChoices, res, numRes);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, &amp;choices[i]);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List&lt;Choice&gt; choices, List&lt;State&gt; res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nforeach (Choice choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout State, choices: [Choice], res: inout [State]) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state: state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state: state, res: &amp;res)\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: choices, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List&lt;Choice&gt;, List&lt;State&gt; res) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n// \u505c\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Choice choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\nbacktrack(state, choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u3002\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 <code>choices</code> \u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c <code>res</code> \u662f\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust preorder_traversal_iii_template.java<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nboolean isSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state) {\nreturn !state.isEmpty() &amp;&amp; state.get(state.size() - 1).val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nboolean isValid(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nreturn choice != null &amp;&amp; choice.val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.add(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;TreeNode&gt; choices, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (TreeNode choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, Arrays.asList(choice.left, choice.right), res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state) {\nreturn !state.empty() &amp;&amp; state.back()-&gt;val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, vector&lt;vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\nres.push_back(state);\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, TreeNode *choice) {\nreturn choice != nullptr &amp;&amp; choice-&gt;val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, TreeNode *choice) {\nstate.push_back(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, TreeNode *choice) {\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;state, vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;vector&lt;TreeNode *&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (TreeNode *choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nvector&lt;TreeNode *&gt; nextChoices{choice-&gt;left, choice-&gt;right};\nbacktrack(state, nextChoices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.py<pre><code>def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\"\"\"\nreturn state and state[-1].val == 7\ndef record_solution(state: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]):\n\"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\"\"\"\nres.append(list(state))\ndef is_valid(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\"\"\"\nreturn choice is not None and choice.val != 3\ndef make_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\nstate.append(choice)\ndef undo_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n\"\"\"\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\nstate.pop()\ndef backtrack(\nstate: list[TreeNode], choices: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif is_solution(state):\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecord_solution(state, res)\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices:\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif is_valid(state, choice):\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmake_choice(state, choice)\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundo_choice(state, choice)\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.go<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state *[]*TreeNode) bool {\nreturn len(*state) != 0 &amp;&amp; (*state)[len(*state)-1].Val == 7\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n*res = append(*res, *state)\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) bool {\nreturn choice != nil &amp;&amp; choice.Val != 3\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n*state = append(*state, choice)\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrackIII(state *[]*TreeNode, choices *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor _, choice := range *choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state, choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\ntemp := make([]*TreeNode, 0)\ntemp = append(temp, choice.Left, choice.Right)\nbacktrackIII(state, &amp;temp, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.js<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state) {\nreturn state &amp;&amp; state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state, res) {\nres.push([...state]);\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state, choice) {\nreturn choice !== null &amp;&amp; choice.val !== 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state, choice) {\nstate.push(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state) {\nstate.pop();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.ts<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state: TreeNode[]): boolean {\nreturn state &amp;&amp; state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state: TreeNode[], res: TreeNode[][]): void {\nres.push([...state]);\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): boolean {\nreturn choice !== null &amp;&amp; choice.val !== 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): void {\nstate.push(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state: TreeNode[]): void {\nstate.pop();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: TreeNode[],\nchoices: TreeNode[],\nres: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.c<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(vector *state) {\nreturn state-&gt;size != 0 &amp;&amp; ((TreeNode *)(state-&gt;data[state-&gt;size - 1]))-&gt;val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(vector *state, vector *res) {\nvector *newPath = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newPath, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newPath, sizeof(vector));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(vector *state, TreeNode *choice) {\nreturn choice != NULL &amp;&amp; choice-&gt;val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(vector *state, TreeNode *choice) {\nvectorPushback(state, choice, sizeof(TreeNode));\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(vector *state, TreeNode *choice) {\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, vector *choices, vector *res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\nTreeNode *choice = choices-&gt;data[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nvector *nextChoices = newVector();\nvectorPushback(nextChoices, choice-&gt;left, sizeof(TreeNode));\nvectorPushback(nextChoices, choice-&gt;right, sizeof(TreeNode));\nbacktrack(state, nextChoices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.cs<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state) {\nreturn state.Count != 0 &amp;&amp; state[^1].val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;TreeNode&gt;(state));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nreturn choice != null &amp;&amp; choice.val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.Add(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode choice) {\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;TreeNode&gt; choices, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nforeach (TreeNode choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, new List&lt;TreeNode&gt; { choice.left, choice.right }, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.swift<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state: [TreeNode]) -&gt; Bool {\n!state.isEmpty &amp;&amp; state.last!.val == 7\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\nres.append(state)\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state: [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode?) -&gt; Bool {\nchoice != nil &amp;&amp; choice!.val != 3\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\nstate.append(choice)\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [TreeNode], choices: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif isSolution(state: state) {\nrecordSolution(state: state, res: &amp;res)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: [choice.left, choice.right].compactMap { $0 }, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state: &amp;state, choice: choice)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{isSolution}\n[class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}\n[class]{}-[func]{isValid}\n[class]{}-[func]{makeChoice}\n[class]{}-[func]{undoChoice}\n[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.dart<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state) {\nreturn state.isNotEmpty &amp;&amp; state.last.val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode? choice) {\nreturn choice != null &amp;&amp; choice.val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode? choice) {\nstate.add(choice!);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List&lt;TreeNode&gt; state, TreeNode? choice) {\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;TreeNode&gt; state,\nList&lt;TreeNode?&gt; choices,\nList&lt;List&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif (isSolution(state)) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecordSolution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (TreeNode? choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif (isValid(state, choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmakeChoice(state, choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, [choice!.left, choice.right], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundoChoice(state, choice);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> preorder_traversal_iii_template.rs<pre><code>/* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfn is_solution(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; bool {\nreturn !state.is_empty() &amp;&amp; state.get(state.len() - 1).unwrap().borrow().val == 7;\n}\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfn record_solution(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\nres.push(state.clone());\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfn is_valid(_: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, choice: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) -&gt; bool {\nreturn choice.borrow().val != 3;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn make_choice(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, choice: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) {\nstate.push(choice);\n}\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn undo_choice(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, _: Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) {\nstate.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn backtrack(state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, choices: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\nif is_solution(state) {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nrecord_solution(state, res);\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\nif is_valid(state, choice.clone()) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nmake_choice(state, choice.clone());\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, &amp;mut vec![choice.borrow().left.clone().unwrap(), choice.borrow().right.clone().unwrap()], res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nundo_choice(state, choice.clone());\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u5f53\u627e\u5230\u503c\u4e3a 7 \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 <code>return</code> \u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u5220\u9664 <code>return</code> \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0e\u5220\u9664 return \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> <p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u867d\u7136\u663e\u5f97\u5570\u55e6\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>state</code> \u548c <code>choices</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1314","title":"13.1.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7167\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b\u3002</p> \u540d\u8bcd \u5b9a\u4e49 \u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 \u89e3 Solution \u89e3\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8282\u70b9 \\(7\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6 Constraint \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u89e3\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d \u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 \\(7\\) \u72b6\u6001 State \u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9 \u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373 <code>path</code> \u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868 \u5c1d\u8bd5 Attempt \u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb <code>path</code> \uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u56de\u9000 Backtracking \u56de\u9000\u6307\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u524d\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u7ed3\u70b9\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u7ed3\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de \u526a\u679d Pruning \u526a\u679d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387 \u5f53\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22 <p>Tip</p> <p>\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1315","title":"13.1.5 \u00a0 \u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6307\u6570\u9636\u6216\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u751f\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1316","title":"13.1.6 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"<p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</li> <li>\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5706\u76d8\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5728\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\uff1a\u5728 \\(n \\times n\\) \u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u4e0d\u653b\u51fb\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u72ec\uff1a\u5728 \\(9 \\times 9\\) \u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u5b57 \\(1\\) ~ \\(9\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u884c\u3001\u6bcf\u5217\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(3 \\times 3\\) \u5b50\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7ed9\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u90bb\u9876\u70b9\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <ul> <li>0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u5185\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u6b21\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6c42\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684 NP-Hard \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u89e3\u6cd5\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8681\u7fa4\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56fe\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/","title":"13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7687\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u659c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6446\u653e\u65b9\u6848\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u89e3\u3002\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5171\u6709 \\(n^2\\) \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9009\u62e9 <code>choices</code> \u3002\u5728\u9010\u4e2a\u653e\u7f6e\u7687\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5c31\u662f\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a4 \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u5171\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf <code>\\</code> \u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf <code>/</code> \u4e24\u79cd\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1an \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565","text":"<p>\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u68cb\u76d8\u7684\u884c\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u68cb\u76d8\u6bcf\u884c\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u4e14\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002</p> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53d7\u753b\u5e45\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u4ec5\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565 </p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5217\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 <code>cols</code> \u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u7f6e\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 <code>cols</code> \u5c06\u5df2\u6709\u7687\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0 <code>cols</code> \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u5462\uff1f\u8bbe\u68cb\u76d8\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((row, col)\\) \uff0c\u9009\u5b9a\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u51cf\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row - col\\) \u4e3a\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(row_1 - col_1 = row_2 - col_2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>diag1</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002</p> <p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row + col\\) \u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 <code>diag2</code> \u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\\(n\\) \u7ef4\u65b9\u9635\u4e2d \\(row - col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-n + 1, n - 1]\\) \uff0c\\(row + col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([0, 2n - 2]\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u6570\u7ec4 <code>diag1</code> \u548c <code>diag2</code> \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust n_queens.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res,\nboolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; copyState = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (List&lt;String&gt; sRow : state) {\ncopyState.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(sRow));\n}\nres.add(copyState);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate.get(row).set(col, \"Q\");\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate.get(row).set(col, \"#\");\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;String&gt; row = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nrow.add(\"#\");\n}\nstate.add(row);\n}\nboolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nboolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nboolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt; &amp;state, vector&lt;vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; &amp;res, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;cols,\nvector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;diags1, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt; state(n, vector&lt;string&gt;(n, \"#\"));\nvector&lt;bool&gt; cols(n, false);           // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvector&lt;bool&gt; diags1(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvector&lt;bool&gt; diags2(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvector&lt;vector&lt;vector&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; res;\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nrow: int,\nn: int,\nstate: list[list[str]],\nres: list[list[list[str]]],\ncols: list[bool],\ndiags1: list[bool],\ndiags2: list[bool],\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n:\nres.append([list(row) for row in state])\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col in range(n):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\ndiag1 = row - col + n - 1\ndiag2 = row + col\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif not cols[col] and not diags1[diag1] and not diags2[diag2]:\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\"\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = True\n# \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\"\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = False\ndef n_queens(n: int) -&gt; list[list[list[str]]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate = [[\"#\" for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]\ncols = [False] * n  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\ndiags1 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\ndiags2 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nres = []\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> n_queens.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nnewState := make([][]string, len(*state))\nfor i, _ := range newState {\nnewState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\ncopy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n}\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col := 0; col &lt; n; col++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\ndiag1 := row - col + n - 1\ndiag2 := row + col\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !(*cols)[col] &amp;&amp; !(*diags1)[diag1] &amp;&amp; !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n(*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n(*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nnewState := make([][]string, len(*state))\nfor i, _ := range newState {\nnewState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\ncopy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n}\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col := 0; col &lt; n; col++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\ndiag1 := row - col + n - 1\ndiag2 := row + col\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !(*cols)[col] &amp;&amp; !(*diags1)[diag1] &amp;&amp; !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n(*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n(*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n(*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n}\n}\n}\nfunc nQueens(n int) [][][]string {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate := make([][]string, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nrow := make([]string, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nrow[i] = \"#\"\n}\nstate[i] = row\n}\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\ncols := make([]bool, n)\ndiags1 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\ndiags2 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\nres := make([][][]string, 0)\nbacktrack(0, n, &amp;state, &amp;res, &amp;cols, &amp;diags1, &amp;diags2)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row === n) {\nres.push(state.map((row) =&gt; row.slice()));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (let col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nconst diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nconst diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = 'Q';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = '#';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nconst state = Array.from({ length: n }, () =&gt; Array(n).fill('#'));\nconst cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst res = [];\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(\nrow: number,\nn: number,\nstate: string[][],\nres: string[][][],\ncols: boolean[],\ndiags1: boolean[],\ndiags2: boolean[]\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row === n) {\nres.push(state.map((row) =&gt; row.slice()));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (let col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nconst diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nconst diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = 'Q';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = '#';\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n: number): string[][][] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nconst state = Array.from({ length: n }, () =&gt; Array(n).fill('#'));\nconst cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nconst res: string[][][] = [];\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{nQueens}\n</code></pre> n_queens.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt; state, List&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; res,\nbool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nList&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt; copyState = new List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;();\nforeach (List&lt;string&gt; sRow in state) {\ncopyState.Add(new List&lt;string&gt;(sRow));\n}\nres.Add(copyState);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\";\ncols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt; state = new List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;string&gt; row = new List&lt;string&gt;();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nrow.Add(\"#\");\n}\nstate.Add(row);\n}\nbool[] cols = new bool[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nbool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nbool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;List&lt;string&gt;&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row: Int, n: Int, state: inout [[String]], res: inout [[[String]]], cols: inout [Bool], diags1: inout [Bool], diags2: inout [Bool]) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col in 0 ..&lt; n {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nlet diag1 = row - col + n - 1\nlet diag2 = row + col\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\"\ncols[col] = true\ndiags1[diag1] = true\ndiags2[diag2] = true\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row: row + 1, n: n, state: &amp;state, res: &amp;res, cols: &amp;cols, diags1: &amp;diags1, diags2: &amp;diags2)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\"\ncols[col] = false\ndiags1[diag1] = false\ndiags2[diag2] = false\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunc nQueens(n: Int) -&gt; [[[String]]] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvar state = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: \"#\", count: n), count: n)\nvar cols = Array(repeating: false, count: n) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvar diags1 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvar diags2 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nvar res: [[[String]]] = []\nbacktrack(row: 0, n: n, state: &amp;state, res: &amp;res, cols: &amp;cols, diags1: &amp;diags1, diags2: &amp;diags2)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{nQueens}\n</code></pre> n_queens.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(\nint row,\nint n,\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state,\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res,\nList&lt;bool&gt; cols,\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags1,\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags2,\n) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (row == n) {\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; copyState = [];\nfor (List&lt;String&gt; sRow in state) {\ncopyState.add(List.from(sRow));\n}\nres.add(copyState);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor (int col = 0; col &lt; n; col++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nint diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\nint diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif (!cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate[row][col] = \"Q\";\ncols[col] = true;\ndiags1[diag1] = true;\ndiags2[diag2] = true;\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate[row][col] = \"#\";\ncols[col] = false;\ndiags1[diag1] = false;\ndiags2[diag2] = false;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; nQueens(int n) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt; state = List.generate(n, (index) =&gt; List.filled(n, \"#\"));\nList&lt;bool&gt; cols = List.filled(n, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags1 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;bool&gt; diags2 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nList&lt;List&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; res = [];\nbacktrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> n_queens.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfn backtrack(row: usize, n: usize, state: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt;,\ncols: &amp;mut [bool], diags1: &amp;mut [bool], diags2: &amp;mut [bool]) {\n// \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif row == n {\nlet mut copy_state: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt; = Vec::new();\nfor s_row in state.clone() {\ncopy_state.push(s_row);\n}\nres.push(copy_state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\nfor col in 0..n {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\nlet diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;\nlet diag2 = row + col;\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\nif !cols[col] &amp;&amp; !diags1[diag1] &amp;&amp; !diags2[diag2] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\nstate.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"Q\".into();\n(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);\n// \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\nbacktrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nstate.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"#\".into();\n(cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfn n_queens(n: usize) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet mut state: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt; = Vec::new();\nfor _ in 0..n {\nlet mut row: Vec&lt;String&gt; = Vec::new();\nfor _ in 0..n {\nrow.push(\"#\".into());\n}\nstate.push(row);\n}\nlet mut cols = vec![false; n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nlet mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nlet mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\nlet mut res: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;String&gt;&gt;&gt; = Vec::new();\nbacktrack(0, n, &amp;mut state, &amp;mut res, &amp;mut cols, &amp;mut diags1, &amp;mut diags2);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(n, n-1, \\dots, 2, 1\\) \u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u526a\u679d\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5e45\u5730\u7f29\u5c0f\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>\u6570\u7ec4 <code>state</code> \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 <code>cols</code> , <code>diags1</code> , <code>diags2</code> \u7686\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/","title":"13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217 \\([1]\\) \\([1]\\) \\([1, 2]\\) \\([1, 2], [2, 1]\\) \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \\([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]\\)"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1321","title":"13.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u751f\u6210\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \u3001\u518d\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \u3001\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u6392\u5217 \\([1, 3, 2]\\) \u3002\u56de\u9000\u8868\u793a\u64a4\u9500\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u96c6\u5408 <code>choices</code> \u662f\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u662f\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <code>state</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 <code>state</code> \u3002\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 <code>selected</code> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>selected[i]</code> \u8868\u793a <code>choices[i]</code> \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u526a\u679d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 <code>choice[i]</code> \u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06 <code>selected[i]</code> \u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\text{True}\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> <li>\u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868 <code>choices</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u526a\u679d\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 1 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 3 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 2 \uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1 \u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1, 3 \u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4ece \\(O(n^n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u505a\u201c\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f29\u77ed\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u5728 <code>backtrack()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust permutations_i.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.length) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; permutationsI(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;selected, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.size()) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push_back(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsI(vector&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;\nvector&lt;bool&gt; selected(nums.size(), false);\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;\nbacktrack(state, nums, selected, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(state) == len(choices):\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\nif not selected[i]:\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = True\nstate.append(choice)\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = False\nstate.pop()\ndef permutations_i(nums: list[int]) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\nres = []\nbacktrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> permutations_i.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrackI(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(*state) == len(*choices) {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\nchoice := (*choices)[i]\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !(*selected)[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n(*selected)[i] = true\n*state = append(*state, choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n(*selected)[i] = false\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums []int) [][]int {\nres := make([][]int, 0)\nstate := make([]int, 0)\nselected := make([]bool, len(nums))\nbacktrackI(&amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;selected, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums) {\nconst res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\nchoices: number[],\nselected: boolean[],\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums: number[]): number[][] {\nconst res: number[][] = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, vector *choices, vector *selected, vector *res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state-&gt;size == choices-&gt;size) {\nvector *newState = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(newState, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, newState, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\nint *choice = malloc(sizeof(int));\n*choice = *((int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]));\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nbool select = *((bool *)(selected-&gt;data[i]));\nif (!select) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n*((bool *)selected-&gt;data[i]) = true;\nvectorPushback(state, choice, sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*((bool *)selected-&gt;data[i]) = false;\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvector *permutationsI(vector *nums) {\nvector *iState = newVector();\nint select[3] = {false, false, false};\nvector *bSelected = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(bSelected, &amp;select[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvector *res = newVector();\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nbacktrack(iState, nums, bSelected, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.Count == choices.Length) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.Add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsI(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new List&lt;int&gt;(), nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.count == choices.count {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true\nstate.append(choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: choices, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums: [Int]) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = []\nvar selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\nvar res: [[Int]] = []\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: nums, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nList&lt;bool&gt; selected,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length == choices.length) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i]) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsI(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_i.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, choices: &amp;[i32], selected: &amp;mut [bool], res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.len() == choices.len() {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in 0..choices.len() {\nlet choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn permutations_i(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nbacktrack(Vec::new(), nums, &amp;mut vec![false; nums.len()], &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1322","title":"13.2.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 1, 2]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a \\(1\\) \u8bb0\u4e3a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217 </p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6392\u5217\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u591f\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u63d0\u524d\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \u6216\u9009\u62e9 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u628a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u6389\u3002</p> <p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u548c \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u3002</p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ec5\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>duplicated</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust permutations_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.length) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nSet&lt;Integer&gt; duplicated = new HashSet&lt;Integer&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; permutationsII(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt;(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;bool&gt; &amp;selected, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.size() == choices.size()) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nunordered_set&lt;int&gt; duplicated;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; duplicated.find(choice) == duplicated.end()) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.emplace(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push_back(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsII(vector&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;\nvector&lt;bool&gt; selected(nums.size(), false);\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;\nbacktrack(state, nums, selected, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(state) == len(choices):\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nduplicated = set[int]()\nfor i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif not selected[i] and choice not in duplicated:\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = True\nstate.append(choice)\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = False\nstate.pop()\ndef permutations_ii(nums: list[int]) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\nres = []\nbacktrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrackII(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif len(*state) == len(*choices) {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nduplicated := make(map[int]struct{}, 0)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\nchoice := (*choices)[i]\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif _, ok := duplicated[choice]; !ok &amp;&amp; !(*selected)[i] {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nduplicated[choice] = struct{}{}\n(*selected)[i] = true\n*state = append(*state, choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n(*selected)[i] = false\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums []int) [][]int {\nres := make([][]int, 0)\nstate := make([]int, 0)\nselected := make([]bool, len(nums))\nbacktrackII(&amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;selected, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nconst duplicated = new Set();\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums) {\nconst res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\nchoices: number[],\nselected: boolean[],\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length === choices.length) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nconst duplicated = new Set();\nchoices.forEach((choice, i) =&gt; {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.pop();\n}\n});\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums: number[]): number[][] {\nconst res: number[][] = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.Count == choices.Length) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nISet&lt;int&gt; duplicated = new HashSet&lt;int&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.Contains(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.Add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.Add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsII(int[] nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;();\nbacktrack(new List&lt;int&gt;(), nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.count == choices.count {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nvar duplicated: Set&lt;Int&gt; = []\nfor (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i], !duplicated.contains(choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.insert(choice) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true\nstate.append(choice)\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: choices, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums: [Int]) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = []\nvar selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\nvar res: [[Int]] = []\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, choices: nums, selected: &amp;selected, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nList&lt;bool&gt; selected,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (state.length == choices.length) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nSet&lt;int&gt; duplicated = {};\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\nint choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif (!selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.add(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; permutationsII(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = [];\nbacktrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> permutations_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, choices: &amp;[i32], selected: &amp;mut [bool], res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif state.len() == choices.len() {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nlet mut duplicated = HashSet::&lt;i32&gt;::new();\nfor i in 0..choices.len() {\nlet choice = choices[i];\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\nif !selected[i] &amp;&amp; !duplicated.contains(&amp;choice) {\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nduplicated.insert(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\nselected[i] = true;\nstate.push(choice);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nselected[i] = false;\nstate.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn permutations_ii(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet mut res = Vec::new();\nbacktrack(Vec::new(), nums, &amp;mut vec![false; nums.len()], &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u6709 \\(n!\\)  \u79cd\u6392\u5217\uff08\u9636\u4e58\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<code>selected</code> \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6700\u591a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a <code>duplicated</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u867d\u7136 <code>selected</code> \u548c <code>duplicated</code> \u90fd\u7528\u4f5c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a <code>selected</code> \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728 <code>state</code> \u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f00\u542f\u7684 <code>backtrack</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a <code>duplicated</code> \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5728\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/","title":"13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898","text":""},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1331","title":"13.3.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408 \\(\\{3, 4, 5\\}\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6574\u6570 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\{3, 3, 3\\}, \\{4, 5\\}\\) \u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u96c6\u662f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\{4, 5\\}\\) \u548c \\(\\{5, 4\\}\\) \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6392\u5217\u89e3\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5b50\u96c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u800c\u4e0e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9 <code>selected</code> \u5e03\u5c14\u5217\u8868\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5168\u6392\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5e45\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust subset_sum_i_naive.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, int target, int total, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (size_t i = 0; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push_back(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;       // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0;           // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int],\ntarget: int,\ntotal: int,\nchoices: list[int],\nres: list[list[int]],\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif total == target:\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in range(len(choices)):\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total + choices[i] &gt; target:\ncontinue\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.append(choices[i])\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop()\ndef subset_sum_i_naive(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\"\"\"\nstate = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\ntotal = 0  # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nres = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == total {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total+(*choices)[i] &gt; target {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n*state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackSubsetSumINaive(total+(*choices)[i], target, state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\nstate := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\ntotal := 0              // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nres := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target, &amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, total, choices, res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total === target) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums, target) {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nconst total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\ntarget: number,\ntotal: number,\nchoices: number[],\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total === target) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nconst total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, int target, int total, vector *choices, vector *res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nvector *tmpVector = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(tmpVector, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (size_t i = 0; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nvectorPushback(state, choices-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]), choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvector *subsetSumINaive(vector *nums, int target) {\nvector *state = newVector(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0;               // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector *res = newVector();   // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.Add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = new List&lt;int&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, total: Int, choices: [Int], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif total == target {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total + choices[i] &gt; target {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.append(choices[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, total: total + choices[i], choices: choices, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet total = 0 // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvar res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, total: total, choices: nums, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumINaive}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nint target,\nint total,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (total == target) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (total + choices[i] &gt; target) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumINaive(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nint total = 0; // \u5143\u7d20\u548c\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i_naive.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32, total: i32, choices: &amp;[i32], res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif total == target {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor i in 0..choices.len() {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif total + choices[i] &gt; target {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfn subset_sum_i_naive(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, total, nums, &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5411\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([3, 3, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4]\\) \u3002\u867d\u7136\u6210\u529f\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a \\(9\\) \u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5]\\) \u548c \\([5, 4]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u96c6\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5148\u9009 \\(4\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(5\\) \u4e0e\u5148\u9009 \\(5\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(4\\) \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u8d8a\u754c\u526a\u679d </p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53 <code>target</code> \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</li> <li>\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) , \\(4\\) \uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([3, 4, \\dots]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) \uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 3, \\dots]\\) \u548c <code>1.</code> \u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5206\u652f\u8d8a\u9760\u53f3\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6392\u9664\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4e5f\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) , \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([3, 5, \\dots]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) , \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5, \\dots]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(5\\) \uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(4\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u96c6 \\([5, 3, \\dots]\\) \u548c\u5b50\u96c6 \\([5, 4, \\dots]\\) \u548c <code>1.</code> , <code>2.</code> \u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6 </p> <p>\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([x_1, x_2, \\dots, x_n]\\) \uff0c\u8bbe\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u4e3a \\([x_{i_1}, x_{i_2}, \\dots , x_{i_m}]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\dots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u526a\u679d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf <code>start</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\dots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b50\u96c6\u552f\u4e00\u3002</p> <p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u4f18\u5316\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u5f00\u542f\u641c\u7d22\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 <code>target</code> \u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u90fd\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 <code>target</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u7701\u53bb\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u53d8\u91cf <code>total</code>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 <code>target</code> \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u51cf\u6cd5\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u548c\uff0c\u5f53 <code>target</code> \u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust subset_sum_i.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, int target, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, int start, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push_back(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0:\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i in range(start, len(choices)):\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n# \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0:\nbreak\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop()\ndef subset_sum_i(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\nstate = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumI(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i := start; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target-(*choices)[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n*state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackSubsetSumI(i, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\nstate := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrackSubsetSumI(start, target, &amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums, target) {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\ntarget: number,\nchoices: number[],\nstart: number,\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nvector *tmpVector = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(tmpVector, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\nif (target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nvectorPushback(state, choices-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]), choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvector *subsetSumI(vector *nums, int target) {\nvector *state = newVector();                        // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nqsort(nums-&gt;data, nums-&gt;size, sizeof(int *), comp); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                                      // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector *res = newVector();                          // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.Add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = new List&lt;int&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArray.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvar res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumI}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nint target,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nint start,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumI(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_i.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32, choices: &amp;[i32], start: usize, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\nfor i in start..choices.len() {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn subset_sum_i(nums: &amp;mut [i32], target: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u8f93\u5165\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1332","title":"13.3.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u53ef\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002</p> <p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, \\hat{4}, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([4, 5], [\\hat{4}, 5]\\) \uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</p> <p>\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u4e2d\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e3a \\(4\\) \uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a \\(4\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5de7\u5999\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u53d8\u91cf <code>start</code> \u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i + 1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust subset_sum_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; state = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;state, int target, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, int start, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.push_back(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.size(); i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push_back(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop_back();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.py<pre><code>def backtrack(\nstate: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0:\nres.append(list(state))\nreturn\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i in range(start, len(choices)):\n# \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n# \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0:\nbreak\n# \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start and choices[i] == choices[i - 1]:\ncontinue\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n# \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop()\ndef subset_sum_ii(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[list[int]]:\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\nstate = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumII(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nnewState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n*res = append(*res, newState)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i := start; i &lt; len(*choices); i++ {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target-(*choices)[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start &amp;&amp; (*choices)[i] == (*choices)[i-1] {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n*state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrackSubsetSumII(i+1, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n*state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\nstate := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nsort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nstart := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nres := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrackSubsetSumII(start, target, &amp;state, &amp;nums, &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums, target) {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(\nstate: number[],\ntarget: number,\nchoices: number[],\nstart: number,\nres: number[][]\n): void {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target === 0) {\nres.push([...state]);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\nconst state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nconst start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nconst res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.c<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nvector *tmpVector = newVector();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; state-&gt;size; i++) {\nvectorPushback(tmpVector, state-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n}\nvectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices-&gt;size; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) &lt; 0) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]) == *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i - 1])) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nvectorPushback(state, choices-&gt;data[i], sizeof(int));\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices-&gt;data[i]), choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nvectorPopback(state);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvector *subsetSumII(vector *nums, int target) {\nvector *state = newVector();                         // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nqsort(nums-&gt;data, nums-&gt;size, sizeof(int *), comp); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0;                                       // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\nvector *res = newVector();                           // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.Add(new List&lt;int&gt;(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.Length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.Add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = new List&lt;int&gt;(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nArray.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.append(state)\nreturn\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start, choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\ncontinue\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.append(choices[i])\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i + 1, res: &amp;res)\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast()\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [[Int]] {\nvar state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nlet nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nvar res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state: &amp;state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumII}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(\nList&lt;int&gt; state,\nint target,\nList&lt;int&gt; choices,\nint start,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif (target == 0) {\nres.add(List.from(state));\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = start; i &lt; choices.length; i++) {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif (target - choices[i] &lt; 0) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif (i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.add(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.removeLast();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; subsetSumII(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nList&lt;int&gt; state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nint start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> subset_sum_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32, choices: &amp;[i32], start: usize, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) {\n// \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\nif target == 0 {\nres.push(state);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\nfor i in start..choices.len() {\n// \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n// \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\nif target - choices[i] &lt; 0 {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\nif i &gt; start &amp;&amp; choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\ncontinue;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\nstate.push(choices[i]);\n// \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\nbacktrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\nstate.pop();\n}\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn subset_sum_ii(nums: &amp;mut [i32], target: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\nnums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nlet start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\nlet mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\nbacktrack(state, target, nums, start, &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5171\u5305\u542b\u56db\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f60\u5c06\u56fe\u793a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u6ce8\u91ca\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/","title":"13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u89e3\u6216\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u6548\u679c\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u526a\u679d\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u524d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> <li>\\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\u65e8\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5230 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5c3a\u5bf8\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6309\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002</li> <li>\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u793a\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u4e3b\u3001\u526f\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\uff1b\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u627e\u5904\u5728\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\uff08\u526f\uff09\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/","title":"\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u65f6\u7a7a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u72b9\u5982\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5411\u5bfc\u3002</p> <p>\u5b83\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30</li> <li>2.2 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</li> <li>2.3 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</li> <li>2.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/","title":"2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30","text":"<p>\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u6c42\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7701\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p>\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#211","title":"2.1.1 \u00a0 \u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5","text":"<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u548c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u627e\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u77ed\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u66f4\u5c11\uff1b\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#212","title":"2.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f30\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 asymptotic complexity analysis\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u300c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4e9b\u62d7\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u300c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 time complexity\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#213","title":"2.1.3 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027","text":"<p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5c3a\u201d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u96be\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u5148\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/","title":"2.3 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#231","title":"2.3.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u201c\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\uff0c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002</li> <li>\u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7edf\u8ba1\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nint val;\nNode next;\nNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nfinal int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode node = new Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct Node {\nint val;\nNode *next;\nNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}\n};\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode* node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = func();           // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class Node:\n\"\"\"\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, x: int):\nself.val: int = x                 # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.next: Optional[Node] = None  # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\ndef function() -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n# \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0\ndef algorithm(n) -&gt; int:  # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nA = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff09\nb = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nnode = Node(0)        # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nc = function()        # \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn A + b + c      # \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype node struct {\nval  int\nnext *node\n}\n/* \u521b\u5efa node \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53  */\nfunc newNode(val int) *node {\nreturn &amp;node{val: val}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0\n}\nfunc algorithm(n int) int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nb := 0                  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nnewNode(0)              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nc := function()         // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c        // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nval;\nnext;\nconstructor(val) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\nfunction algorithm(n) {       // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst a = 0;              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nlet b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nconst node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nconst c = constFunc();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nval: number;\nnext: Node | null;\nconstructor(val?: number) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\nfunction algorithm(n: number): number { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst a = 0;                        // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nlet b = 0;                          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nconst node = new Node(0);           // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nconst c = constFunc();              // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;                   // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;   // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;         // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nint c = func();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;  // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nint val;\nNode next;\nNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode node = new Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nvar val: Int\nvar next: Node?\ninit(x: Int) {\nval = x\n}\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() -&gt; Int {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0\n}\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) -&gt; Int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nlet a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nvar b = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nlet node = Node(x: 0) // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nlet c = function()    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c      // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\nint val;\nNode next;\nNode(this.val, [this.next]);\n}\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0;\n}\nint algorithm(int n) {  // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\nconst int a = 0;      // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\nint b = 0;            // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\nNode node = Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\nint c = function();   // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\nreturn a + b + c;     // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#232","title":"2.3.2 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u800c\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u9884\u7559\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5dee\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(n &lt; 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53 \\(n &gt; 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> </ol> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;                   // O(1)\nint[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10)\nint[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;               // O(1)\nvector&lt;int&gt; b(10000);    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10)\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n); // O(n)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def algorithm(n: int):\na = 0               # O(1)\nb = [0] * 10000     # O(1)\nif n &gt; 10:\nnums = [0] * n  # O(n)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n int) {\na := 0                      // O(1)\nb := make([]int, 10000)     // O(1)\nvar nums []int\nif n &gt; 10 {\nnums := make([]int, n)  // O(n)\n}\nfmt.Println(a, b, nums)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n) {\nconst a = 0;                   // O(1)\nconst b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nconst nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n: number): void {\nconst a = 0;                   // O(1)\nconst b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nconst nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;               // O(1)\nint b[10000];            // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10)\nint nums[n] = {0};   // O(n)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;                   // O(1)\nint[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nint[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n: Int) {\nlet a = 0 // O(1)\nlet b = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000) // O(1)\nif n &gt; 10 {\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n) // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 0;                            // O(1)\nList&lt;int&gt; b = List.filled(10000, 0);  // O(1)\nif (n &gt; 10) {\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(n, 0); // O(n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u51fd\u6570 <code>loop()</code> \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u6b21 <code>function()</code> \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684 <code>function()</code> \u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>recur()</code> \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 <code>recur()</code> \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>int function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int func() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def function() -&gt; int:\n# \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0\ndef loop(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u5faa\u73af O(1)\"\"\"\nfor _ in range(n):\nfunction()\ndef recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u9012\u5f52 O(n)\"\"\"\nif n == 1: return\nreturn recur(n - 1)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func function() int {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n int) {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfunction()\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n int) {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nrecur(n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function constFunc() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n) {\nif (n === 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function constFunc(): number {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n: number): void {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n: number): void {\nif (n === 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int func() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nint recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>@discardableResult\nfunc function() -&gt; Int {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n: Int) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfunction()\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n: Int) {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nrecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>int function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return;\nreturn recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#233","title":"2.3.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) &lt; O(\\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b </p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u90e8\u5206\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u7f6e\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b66\u5b8c\u540e\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002</p> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u5faa\u73af\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfinal int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nint[] nums = new int[10000];\nListNode node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(10000);\nListNode node(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def function() -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n# \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0\ndef constant(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n# \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\na = 0\nnums = [0] * 10000\nnode = ListNode(0)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in range(n):\nc = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in range(n):\nfunction()\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc spaceConstant(n int) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a = 0\nb := 0\nnums := make([]int, 10000)\nListNode := newNode(0)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar c int\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nc = 0\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfunction()\n}\nfmt.Println(a, b, nums, c, ListNode)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a = 0;\nconst b = 0;\nconst nums = new Array(10000);\nconst node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): void {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a = 0;\nconst b = 0;\nconst nums = new Array(10000);\nconst node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconstFunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nint nums[1000];\nListNode *node = newListNode(0);\nfree(node);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunc();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nint[] nums = new int[10000];\nListNode node = new ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc function() -&gt; Int {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet a = 0\nvar b = 0\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000)\nlet node = ListNode(x: 0)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nlet c = 0\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfunction()\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{function}\n// \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) void {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst a: i32 = 0;\nvar b: i32 = 0;\nvar nums = [_]i32{0}**10000;\nvar node = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 0};\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar c: i32 = 0;\n_ = c;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\ni = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\n_ = function();\n}\n_ = a;\n_ = b;\n_ = nums;\n_ = node;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfinal int a = 0;\nint b = 0;\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(10000, 0);\nListNode node = ListNode(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfn function() -&gt;i32 {\n// \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn 0;\n}\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn constant(n: i32) {\n// \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst A: i32 = 0;\nlet b = 0;\nlet nums = vec![0; 10000];\nlet node = ListNode::new(0);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor i in 0..n {\nlet c = 0;\n}\n// \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\nfor i in 0..n {\nfunction();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u7b49\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[] nums = new int[n];\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.add(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nMap&lt;Integer, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.put(i, String.valueOf(i));\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvector&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.push_back(ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nunordered_map&lt;int, string&gt; map;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap[i] = to_string(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\n# \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nnums = [0] * n\n# \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nhmap = dict[int, str]()\nfor i in range(n):\nhmap[i] = str(i)\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc spaceLinear(n int) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n_ = make([]int, n)\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nodes []*node\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnodes = append(nodes, newNode(i))\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nm := make(map[int]string, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nm[i] = strconv.Itoa(i)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nums = new Array(n);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nodes = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst map = new Map();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.set(i, i.toString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): void {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nums = new Array(n);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst nodes: ListNode[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst map = new Map();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.set(i, i.toString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct hashTable {\nint key;\nint val;\nUT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n};\ntypedef struct hashTable hashTable;\n/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\nfree(nums);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nListNode **nodes = malloc(sizeof(ListNode *) * n);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes[i] = newListNode(i);\n}\n// \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfree(nodes[i]);\n}\nfree(nodes);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nhashTable *h = NULL;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nhashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));\ntmp-&gt;key = i;\ntmp-&gt;val = i;\nHASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n}\n// \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\nhashTable *curr, *tmp;\nHASH_ITER(hh, h, curr, tmp) {\nHASH_DEL(h, curr);\nfree(curr);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[] nums = new int[n];\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.Add(new ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nDictionary&lt;int, string&gt; map = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.Add(i, i.ToString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet nodes = (0 ..&lt; n).map { ListNode(x: $0) }\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet map = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: (0 ..&lt; n).map { ($0, \"\\($0)\") })\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(comptime n: i32) !void {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nodes = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nodes.deinit();\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ntry nodes.append(i);\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar map = std.AutoArrayHashMap(i32, []const u8).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer map.deinit();\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; n) : (j += 1) {\nconst string = try std.fmt.allocPrint(std.heap.page_allocator, \"{d}\", .{j});\ndefer std.heap.page_allocator.free(string);\ntry map.put(i, string);\n}\n_ = nums;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;ListNode&gt; nodes = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnodes.add(ListNode(i));\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nMap&lt;int, String&gt; map = HashMap();\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nmap.putIfAbsent(i, () =&gt; i.toString());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn linear(n: i32) {\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut nums = vec![0; n as usize];\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut nodes = Vec::new();\nfor i in 0..n {\nnodes.push(ListNode::new(i))\n}\n// \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut map = HashMap::new();\nfor i in 0..n {\nmap.insert(i, i.to_string());\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5373\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 <code>linear_recur()</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\nif (n == 1)\nreturn;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" &lt;&lt; n &lt;&lt; endl;\nif (n == 1)\nreturn;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear_recur(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nprint(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\nif n == 1:\nreturn\nlinear_recur(n - 1)\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceLinearRecur(n int) {\nfmt.Println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nspaceLinearRecur(n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n) {\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\nif (n === 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n: number): void {\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\nif (n === 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nprintf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d\\r\\n\", n);\nif (n == 1)\nreturn;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\nif (n == 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc linearRecur(n: Int) {\nprint(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n)\")\nif n == 1 {\nreturn\n}\nlinearRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn linearRecur(comptime n: i32) void {\nstd.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\\n\", .{n});\nif (n == 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\nprint('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n');\nif (n == 1) return;\nlinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn linear_recur(n: i32) {\nprintln!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\", n);\nif n == 1 {return};\nlinear_recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[][] numMatrix = new int[n][n];\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; numList = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; tmp = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.add(0);\n}\nnumList.add(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; numMatrix;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; tmp;\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.push_back(0);\n}\nnumMatrix.push_back(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def quadratic(n: int):\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\n# \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nnum_matrix = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc spaceQuadratic(n int) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nnumMatrix := make([][]int, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnumMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numMatrix = Array(n)\n.fill(null)\n.map(() =&gt; Array(n).fill(null));\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numList = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.push(0);\n}\nnumList.push(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): void {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numMatrix = Array(n)\n.fill(null)\n.map(() =&gt; Array(n).fill(null));\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nconst numList = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.push(0);\n}\nnumList.push(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint **numMatrix = malloc(sizeof(int *) * n);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint *tmp = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp[j] = 0;\n}\nnumMatrix[i] = tmp;\n}\n// \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfree(numMatrix[i]);\n}\nfree(numMatrix);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nint[,] numMatrix = new int[n, n];\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; numList = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = new();\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.Add(0);\n}\nnumList.Add(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet numList = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: n), count: n)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) !void {\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nvar nodes = std.ArrayList(std.ArrayList(i32)).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nodes.deinit();\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar tmp = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer tmp.deinit();\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; n) : (j += 1) {\ntry tmp.append(0);\n}\ntry nodes.append(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; numMatrix = List.generate(n, (_) =&gt; List.filled(n, 0));\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; numList = [];\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = [];\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ntmp.add(0);\n}\nnumList.add(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn quadratic(n: i32) {\n// \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet num_matrix = vec![vec![0; n as usize]; n as usize];\n// \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\nlet mut num_list = Vec::new();\nfor i in 0..n {\nlet mut tmp = Vec::new();\nfor j in 0..n {\ntmp.push(0);\n}\nnum_list.push(tmp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n, n-1, n-2, ..., 2, 1\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0)\nreturn 0;\n// \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nint[] nums = new int[n];\nSystem.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.length);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0)\nreturn 0;\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n);\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" &lt;&lt; n &lt;&lt; \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" &lt;&lt; nums.size() &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def quadratic_recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n &lt;= 0:\nreturn 0\n# \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nnums = [0] * n\nreturn quadratic_recur(n - 1)\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceQuadraticRecur(n int) int {\nif n &lt;= 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\nnums := make([]int, n)\nfmt.Printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d \\n\", n, len(nums))\nreturn spaceQuadraticRecur(n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nconst nums = new Array(n);\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nconst nums = new Array(n);\nconsole.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0)\nreturn 0;\nint *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\nprintf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d\\r\\n\", n, n);\nint res = quadraticRecur(n - 1);\nfree(nums);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nint[] nums = new int[n];\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.Length);\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc quadraticRecur(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n &lt;= 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nlet nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\nprint(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n) \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \\(nums.count)\")\nreturn quadraticRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn quadraticRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nvar nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\nstd.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\\n\", .{n, nums.len});\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\nif (n &lt;= 0) return 0;\nList&lt;int&gt; nums = List.filled(n, 0);\nprint('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}');\nreturn quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn quadratic_recur(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n &lt;= 0 {return 0};\n// \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\nlet nums = vec![0; n as usize];\nprintln!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\", n, nums.len());\nreturn quadratic_recur(n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"<p>\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(2^n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(2^n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust space_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn null;\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn nullptr;\nTreeNode *root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot-&gt;left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot-&gt;right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.py<pre><code>def build_tree(n: int) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\"\"\"\nif n == 0:\nreturn None\nroot = TreeNode(0)\nroot.left = build_tree(n - 1)\nroot.right = build_tree(n - 1)\nreturn root\n</code></pre> space_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n int) *treeNode {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn nil\n}\nroot := newTreeNode(0)\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1)\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1)\nreturn root\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n) {\nif (n === 0) return null;\nconst root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n: number): TreeNode | null {\nif (n === 0) return null;\nconst root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn NULL;\nTreeNode *root = newTreeNode(0);\nroot-&gt;left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot-&gt;right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return null;\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn nil\n}\nlet root = TreeNode(x: 0)\nroot.left = buildTree(n: n - 1)\nroot.right = buildTree(n: n - 1)\nreturn root\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\nfn buildTree(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, n: i32) !?*inc.TreeNode(i32) {\nif (n == 0) return null;\nconst root = try mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(i32));\nroot.init(0);\nroot.left = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\nroot.right = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return null;\nTreeNode root = TreeNode(0);\nroot.left = buildTree(n - 1);\nroot.right = buildTree(n - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> space_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfn build_tree(n: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nif n == 0 {return None};\nlet root = TreeNode::new(0);\nroot.borrow_mut().left = build_tree(n - 1);\nroot.borrow_mut().right = build_tree(n - 1);\nreturn Some(root);\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9012\u5f52\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#234","title":"2.3.4 \u00a0 \u6743\u8861\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u964d\u4f4e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u727a\u7272\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/","title":"2.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002</li> <li>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u6b63\u65e0\u7a77\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\u3002</li> <li>\u63a8\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\\(O(2^n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n!)\\) \u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e25\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</li> <li>\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6</p> <ul> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n)\\) \u3001\\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\\(O(2^n)\\) \u7b49\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/#241-q-a","title":"2.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java \u3001Python \u3001C++ \u3001Go \u3001C# \u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</p> <p>\u51fd\u6570\uff08function\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08method\uff09\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u88ab\u9690\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002</p> <ul> <li>C \u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct\uff09\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>Java \u548c C# \u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u7c7b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>C++ \u548c Python \u65e2\u652f\u6301\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u56fe\u201c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u7247\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u53d6 \\(n = 8\\) \uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89c9\u8212\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u201d\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u9009\u62e9 \\(n = 8\\) \u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n = 8^5\\) \u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u9009\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/","title":"2.2 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u4f30\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f</p> <ol> <li>\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c <code>+</code> \u9700\u8981 1 ns\uff0c\u4e58\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c <code>*</code> \u9700\u8981 10 ns\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c <code>print()</code> \u9700\u8981 5 ns \u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u7edf\u8ba1\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nSystem.out.println(0);     // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;         // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\ndef algorithm(n: int):\na = 2      # 1 ns\na = a + 1  # 1 ns\na = a * 2  # 10 ns\n# \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in range(n):  # 1 ns\nprint(0)        # 5 ns\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n int) {\na := 2     // 1 ns\na = a + 1  // 1 ns\na = a * 2  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {  // 1 ns\nfmt.Println(a)        // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n) {\nvar a = 2; // 1 ns\na = a + 1; // 1 ns\na = a * 2; // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nconsole.log(0); // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n: number): void {\nvar a: number = 2; // 1 ns\na = a + 1; // 1 ns\na = a * 2; // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nconsole.log(0); // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {   // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);            // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2;  // 1 ns\na = a + 1;  // 1 ns\na = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nConsole.WriteLine(0);      // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) {\nvar a = 2 // 1 ns\na = a + 1 // 1 ns\na = a * 2 // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n { // 1 ns\nprint(0) // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 2; // 1 ns\na = a + 1; // 1 ns\na = a * 2; // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nprint(0); // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfn algorithm(n: i32) {\nlet mut a = 2;      // 1 ns\na = a + 1;          // 1 ns\na = a * 2;          // 10 ns\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0..n {     // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);  // 5 ns\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \\(6n + 12\\) ns \uff1a</p> \\[ 1 + 1 + 10 + (1 + 5) \\times n = 6n + 12 \\] <p>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u65e2\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4e5f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9884\u4f30\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u83b7\u77e5\u6bcf\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u9884\u4f30\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#221","title":"2.2.1 \u00a0 \u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002</p> <p>\u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u51fd\u6570 <code>A</code> \u3001 <code>B</code> \u548c <code>C</code> \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_A(n: int):\nprint(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\ndef algorithm_B(n: int):\nfor _ in range(n):\nprint(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_C(n: int):\nfor _ in range(1000000):\nprint(0)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_A(n int) {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithm_B(n int) {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_C(n int) {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n: number): void {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n: number): void {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n: number): void {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmA(n: Int) {\nprint(0)\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithmB(n: Int) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nprint(0)\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmC(n: Int) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; 1000000 {\nprint(0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmA(int n) {\nprint(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithmB(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmC(int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_A(n: i32) {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn algorithm_B(n: i32) {\nfor _ in 0..n {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_C(n: i32) {\nfor _ in 0..1000000 {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u53ea\u6709 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>C</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(1000000\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 <code>C</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c <code>A</code> \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u3001B \u548c C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf </p> <p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u5462\uff1f</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5728 \\(n &gt; 1\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u66f4\u6162\uff0c\u5728 \\(n &gt; 1000000\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>C</code> \u66f4\u6162\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u4e8e\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002</li> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>A</code> \u548c <code>C</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6bd4 <code>C</code> \u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>B</code> \u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>C</code> \u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ec5\u51ed\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8bc4\u5224\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u6700\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#222","title":"2.2.2 \u00a0 \u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nSystem.out.println(0);    // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;    // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def algorithm(n: int):\na = 1      # +1\na = a + 1  # +1\na = a * 2  # +1\n# \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor i in range(n):  # +1\nprint(0)        # +1\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n int) {\na := 1      // +1\na = a + 1   // +1\na = a * 2   // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {   // +1\nfmt.Println(a)         // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n) {\nvar a = 1; // +1\na += 1; // +1\na *= 2; // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nconsole.log(0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n: number): void{\nvar a: number = 1; // +1\na += 1; // +1\na *= 2; // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor(let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nconsole.log(0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);            // +1\n}\n}  </code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +1\na = a + 1;  // +1\na = a * 2;  // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nConsole.WriteLine(0);   // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n: Int) {\nvar a = 1 // +1\na = a + 1 // +1\na = a * 2 // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n { // +1\nprint(0) // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1; // +1\na = a + 1; // +1\na = a * 2; // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nprint(0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>fn algorithm(n: i32) {\nlet mut a = 1;   // +1\na = a + 1;      // +1\na = a * 2;      // +1\n// \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\nfor _ in 0..n { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0); // +1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u8bbe\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(T(n)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ T(n) = 3 + 2n \\] <p>\\(T(n)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7 big-\\(O\\) notation\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c asymptotic upper bound\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u51fd\u6570 \\(T(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002</p> <p>\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c</p> <p>\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u5b9e\u6570 \\(c\\) \u548c\u5b9e\u6570 \\(n_0\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684 \\(n &gt; n_0\\) \uff0c\u5747\u6709 $$ T(n) \\leq c \\cdot f(n) $$ \u5219\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a \\(f(n)\\) \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a $$ T(n) = O(f(n)) $$</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\\(T(n)\\) \u548c \\(f(n)\\) \u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4ec5\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#223","title":"2.2.3 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5473\u513f\u6709\u70b9\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a \\(f(n)\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c \\(f(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf","text":"<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0 \\(c \\cdot f(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u6570\u7b80\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u5ffd\u7565 \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</li> <li>\u7701\u7565\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5faa\u73af \\(2n\\) \u6b21\u3001\\(5n + 1\\) \u6b21\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u524d\u9762\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u5d4c\u5957\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u79ef\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u5957\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0 <code>1.</code> \u548c <code>2.</code> \u6280\u5de7\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0e\u516c\u5f0f\u5206\u522b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u5de7\u524d\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(n) &amp; = 2n(n + 1) + (5n + 1) + 2 &amp; \\text{\u5b8c\u6574\u7edf\u8ba1 (-.-|||)} \\newline &amp; = 2n^2 + 7n + 3 \\newline T(n) &amp; = n^2 + n &amp; \\text{\u5077\u61d2\u7edf\u8ba1 (o.O)} \\end{aligned} \\] JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nSystem.out.println(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\ncout &lt;&lt; 0 &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>def algorithm(n: int):\na = 1      # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n  # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n# +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor i in range(5 * n + 1):\nprint(0)\n# +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor i in range(2 * n):\nfor j in range(n + 1):\nprint(0)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n int) {\na := 1     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++ {\nfmt.Println(0)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n) {\nlet a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>function algorithm(n: number): void {\nlet a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nconsole.log(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nprintf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nConsole.WriteLine(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>func algorithm(n: Int) {\nvar a = 1 // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; (5 * n + 1) {\nprint(0)\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; (2 * n) {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; (n + 1) {\nprint(0)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>void algorithm(int n) {\nint a = 1; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 5 * n + 1; i++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 2 * n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n + 1; j++) {\nprint(0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>fn algorithm(n: i32) {\nlet mut a = 1;     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\na = a + n;        // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n// +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\nfor i in 0..(5 * n + 1) {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n// +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\nfor i in 0..(2 * n) {\nfor j in 0..(n + 1) {\nprintln!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7531\u591a\u9879\u5f0f \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u7cfb\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u64bc\u52a8\u9636\u6570\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u6570\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \\(100000\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(3n + 2\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(2n^2 + 3n + 2\\) \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(n^3 + 10000n^2\\) \\(O(n^3)\\) \\(2^n + 10000n^{10000}\\) \\(O(2^n)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#224","title":"2.2.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff08\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) &lt; O(\\log n) &lt; O(n) &lt; O(n \\log n) &lt; O(n^2) &lt; O(2^n) &lt; O(n!) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} &lt; \\text{\u9636\u4e58\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b </p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u90e8\u5206\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b66\u5b8c\u540e\u9762\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u56de\u987e\u3002\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8bf7\u5148\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf <code>size</code> \u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def constant(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nsize = 100000\nfor _ in range(size):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n int) int {\ncount := 0\nsize := 100000\nfor i := 0; i &lt; size; i++ {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\nlet count = 0;\nconst size = 100000;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\nconst size = 100000;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nint i = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nlet size = 100_000\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; size {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) i32 {\n_ = n;\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nconst size: i32 = 100_000;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile(i&lt;size) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint size = 100000;\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfn constant(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n_ = n;\nlet mut count = 0;\nlet size = 100_000;\nfor _ in 0..size {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nfor _ in range(n):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n int) int {\ncount := 0\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) count++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\ncount++;\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(n: i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfn linear(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\nfor _ in 0..n {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def array_traversal(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor num in nums:\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums []int) int {\ncount := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor range nums {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums) {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums: number[]): number {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int *nums, int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor _ in nums {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nfn arrayTraversal(nums: []i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (nums) |_| {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor (var num in nums) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfn array_traversal(nums: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\nfor _ in nums {\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u9700\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"<p>\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u5e73\u65b9\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def quadratic(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\ncount = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor i in range(n):\nfor j in range(n):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n int) int {\ncount := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; n; j++ {\ncount++\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\ncount += 1\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; n) : (j += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfn quadratic(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\nfor _ in 0..n {\nfor _ in 0..n {\ncount += 1;\n}\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u4e09\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n - 1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n-1, n-2, \\dots, 2, 1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a \\(n / 2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O((n - 1) n / 2) = O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0  # \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in range(i):\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]:\n# \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\ntmp: int = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\ncount += 3  # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) int {\ncount := 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor j := 0; j &lt; i; j++ {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j+1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\ntmp := nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j+1]\nnums[j+1] = tmp\ncount += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\nlet count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): number {\nlet count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int *nums, int n) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\nint count = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n(nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\ncount += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0 ..&lt; i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\ncount += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 \n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nvar i: i32 = @as(i32, @intCast(nums.len)) - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar j: usize = 0;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nwhile (j &lt; i) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nvar tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nint count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (var i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor (var j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0..i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\ncount += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n}\n}\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"<p>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u201d\u662f\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e00\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e24\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5206\u88c2 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u540e\u6709 \\(2^n\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def exponential(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nbase = 1\n# \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor _ in range(n):\nfor _ in range(base):\ncount += 1\nbase *= 2\n# count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc exponential(n int) int {\ncount, base := 0, 1\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; base; j++ {\ncount++\n}\nbase *= 2\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n) {\nlet count = 0,\nbase = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0,\nbase = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0;\nint bas = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; bas; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbas *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, bas = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; bas; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbas *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc exponential(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nvar base = 1\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; base {\ncount += 1\n}\nbase *= 2\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn exponential(n: i32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar bas: i32 = 1;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nvar j: i32 = 0;\nwhile (j &lt; bas) : (j += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nbas *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\nint count = 0, base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (var j = 0; j &lt; base; j++) {\ncount++;\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exponential(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\nlet mut base = 1;\n// \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\nfor _ in 0..n {\nfor _ in 0..base {\ncount += 1\n}\nbase *= 2;\n}\n// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n\\) \u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u505c\u6b62\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1)\nreturn 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1)\nreturn 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def exp_recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n == 1:\nreturn 1\nreturn exp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc expRecur(n int) int {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\nreturn expRecur(n-1) + expRecur(n-1) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n) {\nif (n === 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n === 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1)\nreturn 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc expRecur(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\nreturn expRecur(n: n - 1) + expRecur(n: n - 1) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn expRecur(n: i32) i32 {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 1) return 1;\nreturn expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exp_recur(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 1 {\nreturn 1;\n}\nexp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u7b49\uff09\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6216\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u201c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u662f \\(\\log_2 n\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(2^n\\) \u7684\u53cd\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def logarithmic(n: float) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\ncount = 0\nwhile n &gt; 1:\nn = n / 2\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logarithmic(n float64) int {\ncount := 0\nfor n &gt; 1 {\nn = n / 2\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n) {\nlet count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n: number): number {\nlet count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logarithmic(n: Double) -&gt; Int {\nvar count = 0\nvar n = n\nwhile n &gt; 1 {\nn = n / 2\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logarithmic(n: f32) i32 {\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar n_var = n;\nwhile (n_var &gt; 1)\n{\nn_var = n_var / 2;\ncount +=1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(num n) {\nint count = 0;\nwhile (n &gt; 1) {\nn = n / 2;\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn logarithmic(mut n: f32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet mut count = 0;\nwhile n &gt; 1.0 {\nn = n / 2.0;\ncount += 1;\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def log_recur(n: float) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n &lt;= 1:\nreturn 0\nreturn log_recur(n / 2) + 1\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logRecur(n float64) int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 0\n}\nreturn logRecur(n/2) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logRecur(n: Double) -&gt; Int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 0\n}\nreturn logRecur(n: n / 2) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logRecur(n: f32) i32 {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(num n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 0;\nreturn logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn log_recur(n: f32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n &lt;= 1.0 {\nreturn 0;\n}\nlog_recur(n / 2.0) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\)\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(\\log_m n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6570\u6362\u5e95\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5e95\u6570\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a</p> \\[ O(\\log_m n) = O(\\log_k n / \\log_k m) = O(\\log_k n) \\] <p>\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7701\u7565\u5e95\u6570 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#6-on-log-n","title":"6. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(n \\log n)\\)","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def linear_log_recur(n: float) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\nif n &lt;= 1:\nreturn 1\ncount: int = linear_log_recur(n // 2) + linear_log_recur(n // 2)\nfor _ in range(n):\ncount += 1\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n float64) int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\ncount := linearLogRecur(n/2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n/2)\nfor i := 0.0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ncount++\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nlet count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nlet count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1)\nreturn 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n: Double) -&gt; Int {\nif n &lt;= 1 {\nreturn 1\n}\nvar count = linearLogRecur(n: n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n: n / 2)\nfor _ in stride(from: 0, to: n, by: 1) {\ncount += 1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\nfn linearLogRecur(n: f32) i32 {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nvar count: i32 = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +\nlinearLogRecur(n / 2);\nvar i: f32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(num n) {\nif (n &lt;= 1) return 1;\nint count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount++;\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfn linear_log_recur(n: f32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n &lt;= 1.0 {\nreturn 1;\n}\nlet mut count = linear_log_recur(n / 2.0) + linear_log_recur(n / 2.0);\nfor _ in 0 ..n as i32 {\ncount += 1;\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u4e3b\u6d41\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#7-on","title":"7. \u00a0 \u9636\u4e58\u9636 \\(O(n!)\\)","text":"<p>\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5168\u6392\u5217\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u4e92\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6c42\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ n! = n \\times (n - 1) \\times (n - 2) \\times \\dots \\times 2 \\times 1 \\] <p>\u9636\u4e58\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u5c42\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5206\u88c2\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.py<pre><code>def factorial_recur(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\nif n == 0:\nreturn 1\ncount = 0\n# \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor _ in range(n):\ncount += factorial_recur(n - 1)\nreturn count\n</code></pre> time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n int) int {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn 1\n}\ncount := 0\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1)\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n) {\nif (n === 0) return 1;\nlet count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n: number): number {\nif (n === 0) return 1;\nlet count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0)\nreturn 1;\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn 1\n}\nvar count = 0\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; n {\ncount += factorialRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn factorialRecur(n: i32) i32 {\nif (n == 0) return 1;\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\nif (n == 0) return 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\ncount += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n}\nreturn count;\n}\n</code></pre> time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn factorial_recur(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 0 {\nreturn 1;\n}\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\nfor _ in 0..n {\ncount += factorial_recur(n - 1);\n}\ncount\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 </p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\u6052\u6709 \\(n! &gt; 2^n\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u6bd4\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#225","title":"2.2.5 \u00a0 \u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>nums</code> \u7531\u4ece \\(1\\) \u81f3 \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums = [?, ?, ..., 1]</code> \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u662f \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums = [1, ?, ?, ...]</code> \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u7ec4\u591a\u957f\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(\\Omega(1)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u201c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Omega\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff1a</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust worst_best_time_complexity.java<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] randomNumbers(int n) {\nInteger[] nums = new Integer[n];\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nCollections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(nums));\n// Integer[] -&gt; int[]\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nres[i] = nums[i];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int[] nums) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; randomNumbers(int n) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums(n);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\nunsigned seed = chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nshuffle(nums.begin(), nums.end(), default_random_engine(seed));\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.size(); i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.py<pre><code>def random_numbers(n: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a: 1, 2, ..., n \uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\"\"\"\n# \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums =: 1, 2, 3, ..., n\nnums = [i for i in range(1, n + 1)]\n# \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nrandom.shuffle(nums)\nreturn nums\ndef find_one(nums: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\n# \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n# \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1:\nreturn i\nreturn -1\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.go<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n int) []int {\nnums := make([]int, n)\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnums[i] = i + 1\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nrand.Shuffle(len(nums), func(i, j int) {\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n})\nreturn nums\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums []int) int {\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1 {\nreturn i\n}\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.js<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n) {\nconst nums = Array(n);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\nconst temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[r];\nnums[r] = temp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums) {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] === 1) {\nreturn i;\n}\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.ts<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n: number): number[] {\nconst nums = Array(n);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\nconst temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[r];\nnums[r] = temp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums: number[]): number {\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] === 1) {\nreturn i;\n}\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.c<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint *randomNumbers(int n) {\n// \u5206\u914d\u5806\u533a\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u7ef4\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3an\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aint\uff09\nint *nums = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nint j = rand() % (i + 1);\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = temp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int *nums, int n) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.cs<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] randomNumbers(int n) {\nint[] nums = new int[n];\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nvar index = new Random().Next(i, nums.Length);\nvar tmp = nums[i];\nvar ran = nums[index];\nnums[i] = ran;\nnums[index] = tmp;\n}\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int[] nums) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1)\nreturn i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.swift<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nvar nums = Array(1 ... n)\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nnums.shuffle()\nreturn nums\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nfor i in nums.indices {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1 {\nreturn i\n}\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.zig<pre><code>// \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\npub fn randomNumbers(comptime n: usize) [n]i32 {\nvar nums: [n]i32 = undefined;\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (nums) |*num, i| {\nnum.* = @intCast(i32, i) + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nconst rand = std.crypto.random;\nrand.shuffle(i32, &amp;nums);\nreturn nums;\n}\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\npub fn findOne(nums: []i32) i32 {\nfor (nums) |num, i| {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (num == 1) return @intCast(i32, i);\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.dart<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nList&lt;int&gt; randomNumbers(int n) {\nfinal nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = i + 1;\n}\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nnums.shuffle();\nreturn nums;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif (nums[i] == 1) return i;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> worst_best_time_complexity.rs<pre><code>/* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfn random_numbers(n: i32) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\nlet mut nums = (1..=n).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;();\n// \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\nnums.shuffle(&amp;mut thread_rng());\nnums\n}\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn find_one(nums: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; Option&lt;usize&gt; {\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n// \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nif nums[i] == 1 {\nreturn Some(i);\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5f88\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6548\u7387\u5b89\u5168\u503c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u6216\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Theta\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u534a \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n / 2) = \\Theta(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u5c11\u770b\u5230 \\(\\Theta\\) \u7b26\u53f7\uff1f</p> <p>\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/","title":"\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u526f\u7a33\u56fa\u800c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002</p> <p>\u5b83\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u751f\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b</li> <li>3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b</li> <li>3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *</li> <li>3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *</li> <li>3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/","title":"3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u8c08\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u30013D \u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u6210\u3002</p> <p>\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f CPU \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>byte</code> , <code>short</code> , <code>int</code> , <code>long</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>float</code> , <code>double</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b <code>char</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b <code>bool</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u201c\u662f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5426\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u5373\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\\(1\\) \u5b57\u8282\uff08byte\uff09\u7531 \\(8\\) \u6bd4\u7279\uff08bits\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002</p> <p>\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Java \u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>byte</code> \u5360\u7528 \\(1\\) byte = \\(8\\) bits \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{8}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002</li> <li>\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>int</code> \u5360\u7528 \\(4\\) bytes = \\(32\\) bits \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{32}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u65e0\u987b\u786c\u80cc\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4 </p> \u7c7b\u578b \u7b26\u53f7 \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4 \u6700\u5c0f\u503c \u6700\u5927\u503c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c \u6574\u6570 <code>byte</code> 1 byte \\(-2^7\\) (\\(-128\\)) \\(2^7 - 1\\) (\\(127\\)) \\(0\\) <code>short</code> 2 bytes \\(-2^{15}\\) \\(2^{15} - 1\\) \\(0\\) <code>int</code> 4 bytes \\(-2^{31}\\) \\(2^{31} - 1\\) \\(0\\) <code>long</code> 8 bytes \\(-2^{63}\\) \\(2^{63} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> 4 bytes \\(1.175 \\times 10^{-38}\\) \\(3.403 \\times 10^{38}\\) \\(0.0 f\\) <code>double</code> 8 bytes \\(2.225 \\times 10^{-308}\\) \\(1.798 \\times 10^{308}\\) \\(0.0\\) \u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> 2 bytes / 1 byte \\(0\\) \\(2^{16} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u5e03\u5c14 <code>bool</code> 1 byte \\(\\text{false}\\) \\(\\text{true}\\) \\(\\text{false}\\) <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8868\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>C, C++ \u672a\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u4e0a\u8868\u9075\u5faa LP64 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u4e8e Unix 64 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Linux , macOS\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5728 C, C++ \u4e2d\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002</li> <li>\u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u793a\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4f4d\uff08\\(0\\) \u6216 \\(1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a CPU \u901a\u5e38\u5c06 1 \u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u5bfb\u5740\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u6392\u6570\u5b57\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6574\u6570 <code>int</code> \u3001\u5c0f\u6570 <code>float</code> \u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u65e0\u5173\u3002</p> <p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08<code>int</code> , <code>float</code> , <code>chat</code>, <code>bool</code>\uff09\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nboolean[] bools = new boolean[5];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[5];\nfloat decimals[5];\nchar characters[5];\nbool bools[5];\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnumbers: list[int] = [0] * 5\ndecimals: list[float] = [0.0] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5e94\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\ncharacters: list[str] = ['0'] * 5\nbools: list[bool] = [False] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\ndata = [0, 0.0, 'a', False, ListNode(0)]\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar numbers = [5]int{}\nvar decimals = [5]float64{}\nvar characters = [5]byte{}\nvar bools = [5]bool{}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// JavaScript \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\nconst array = [0, 0.0, 'a', false];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nconst numbers: number[] = [];\nconst characters: string[] = [];\nconst bools: boolean[] = [];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[10];\nfloat decimals[10];\nchar characters[10];\nbool bools[10];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nbool[] bools = new bool[5];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nlet numbers = Array(repeating: Int(), count: 5)\nlet decimals = Array(repeating: Double(), count: 5)\nlet characters = Array(repeating: Character(\"a\"), count: 5)\nlet bools = Array(repeating: Bool(), count: 5)\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nList&lt;int&gt; numbers = List.filled(5, 0);\nList&lt;double&gt; decimals = List.filled(5, 0.0);\nList&lt;String&gt; characters = List.filled(5, 'a');\nList&lt;bool&gt; bools = List.filled(5, false);\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/","title":"3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#341-ascii","title":"3.4.1 \u00a0 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"<p>\u300cASCII \u7801\u300d\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u4ee3\u7801\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 7 \u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f4e 7 \u4f4d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 128 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u6570\u5b57 0-9 \u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u548c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aASCII \u7801 </p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0cASCII \u7801\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u300cEASCII\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u5728 ASCII \u7684 7 \u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5230 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 256 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684 EASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a ASCII \u7801\uff0c\u540e 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#342-gbk","title":"3.4.2 \u00a0 GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"<p>\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cEASCII \u7801\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6c49\u5b57\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u8fd1\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\uff0c\u5149\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u6709\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u603b\u5c40\u4e8e 1980 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300cGB2312\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 6763 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0cGB2312 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7f55\u89c1\u5b57\u548c\u7e41\u4f53\u5b57\u3002\u300cGBK\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5728 GB2312 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 21886 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002\u5728 GBK \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#343-unicode","title":"3.4.3 \u00a0 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"<p>\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u5728\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u800c\u5168\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6 Unicode \u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002</p> <p>\u300cUnicode\u300d\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u81ea 1991 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cUnicode \u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u622a\u6b62 2022 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0cUnicode \u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b 149186 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360 3 \u5b57\u8282\u751a\u81f3 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002</p> <p>Unicode \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7801\u70b9\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u5f53\u591a\u79cd\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201cHello\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4f4d\u586b 0 \uff0c\u5c06\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9694 2 \u5b57\u8282\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aUnicode \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u7136\u800c ASCII \u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u82f1\u6587\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u82e5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u672c\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f ASCII \u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#344-utf-8","title":"3.4.4 \u00a0 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801","text":"<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0cUTF-8 \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 1 \u5230 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u800c\u53d8\u3002ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\u9700\u8981 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002</p> <p>UTF-8 \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3001\u5176\u4f59 7 \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5728 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cUTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u6765\u89e3\u6790\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u6587\u672c\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5176\u4e2d \\(n &gt; 1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u3001\u7b2c \\(n + 1\\) \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff1b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201cHello\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d \\(1\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5b57\u8282\u5934\u90e8\u7684 \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002</p> <p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06 \\(10\\) \u5f53\u4f5c\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u800c ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aUTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u9664\u4e86 UTF-8 \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 2 \u6216 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90fd\u7528 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cUTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u4e0e Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u76f8\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>UTF-32 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 UTF-32 \u4f1a\u6bd4 UTF-8 \u548c UTF-16 \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u6587\uff09\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u800c UTF-8 \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cUTF-8 \u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u90fd\u4f18\u5148\u652f\u6301 UTF-8 \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#345","title":"3.4.5 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u6216 UTF-32 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee: UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002UTF-8 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570: \u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-16 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002</li> <li>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c: \u5728 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u5206\u5272\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6548\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>Java \u7684 <code>String</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Java \u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a 16 \u4f4d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u540e\u6765 Unicode \u89c4\u8303\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Java \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u5bf9 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002</li> <li>JavaScript \u548c TypeScript \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e Java \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5f53 JavaScript \u8bed\u8a00\u5728 1995 \u5e74\u88ab Netscape \u516c\u53f8\u9996\u6b21\u5f15\u5165\u65f6\uff0cUnicode \u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u4e86\u3002</li> <li>C# \u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a .NET \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u7531 Microsoft \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c Microsoft \u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Windows \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c Debug \u96be\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>Python 3 \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u90e8\u662f ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 ASCII \u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u9762\uff08BMP\uff09\u5185\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6709\u8d85\u51fa BMP \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002</li> <li>Go \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 <code>string</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Go \u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>rune</code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>Rust \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 str \u548c String \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Rust \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 char \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a UTF-8 \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/","title":"3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b","text":"<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#311","title":"3.1.1 \u00a0 \u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027","text":"<p>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5411\u4e0b\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7956\u5148\u4e0e\u540e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u56fe\u5219\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</p> <p>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\uff1b\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5448\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 </p> <p>\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6808\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> <li>\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#312","title":"3.1.2 \u00a0 \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0e\u79bb\u6563","text":"<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u786c\u76d8\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u786c\u76d8\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 TB \u7ea7\u522b\uff09\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a GB \u7ea7\u522b\uff09\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u65b9\u5757\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684 Excel \u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5206\u914d\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 </p> <p>\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u9009\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u3002</p> <p>\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u589e\u5220\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8 </p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\uff08\u7ef4\u5ea6 \\(\\geq 3\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b64\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u5982\u82e5\u611f\u89c9\u7406\u89e3\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u987e\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/","title":"3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"<p>Note</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5e26\u6709\u7684 * \u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u6216\u611f\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u7b49\u5b66\u5b8c\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u5355\u72ec\u653b\u514b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#331","title":"3.3.1 \u00a0 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8d1f\u6570\u90fd\u6bd4\u6b63\u6570\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>byte</code> \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u8865\u7801\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u539f\u7801\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\\(1\\) \u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u53cd\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u539f\u7801\u9664\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\u3002</li> <li>\u8865\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u5176\u53cd\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362 </p> <p>\u300c\u539f\u7801 true form\u300d\u867d\u7136\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u539f\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f \\(-3\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} &amp; 1 + (-2) \\newline &amp; = 0000 \\space 0001 + 1000 \\space 0010 \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0011 \\newline &amp; = -3 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u7801 1's complement code\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u539f\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53cd\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53cd\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53cd\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u56de\u539f\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u679c \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} &amp; 1 + (-2) \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow 0000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\space 0010 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 0000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111  \\space 1101 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1111 \\space 1110 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow -1 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u6709 \\(+0\\) \u548c \\(-0\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} +0 &amp; = 0000 \\space 0000 \\newline -0 &amp; = 1000 \\space 0000 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4e0e\u539f\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53cd\u7801\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u8865\u7801 2's complement code\u300d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} -0 = \\space &amp; 1000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline = \\space &amp; 1111 \\space 1111 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline = 1 \\space &amp; 0000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u5728\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46 <code>byte</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ea2\u51fa\u5230\u7b2c 9 \u4f4d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\space 0000\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd8\u5269\u4f59\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7591\u60d1\uff1a<code>byte</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \uff0c\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u6570 \\(-128\\) \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([-127, +127]\\) \u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\space 0000\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\space 0000\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u539f\u7801\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57 \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8865\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\space 0000\\) \u4ee3\u8868 \\(-128\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\\((-1) + (-127)\\) \u5728\u8865\u7801\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f \\(-128\\) \u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} &amp; (-127) + (-1) \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow 1111 \\space 1111 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111  \\space 1110 \\space \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0001 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} + 1111  \\space 1111 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline &amp; = 1000 \\space 0000 \\space \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline &amp; \\rightarrow -128 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u548c\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51cf\u6cd5 \\(a - b\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u52a0\u6cd5 \\(a + (-b)\\) \uff1b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u9664\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u591a\u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u6216\u51cf\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7535\u8def\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u6765\u5904\u7406\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u522b\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u5173\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#332","title":"3.3.2 \u00a0 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7f16\u7801","text":"<p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<code>int</code> \u548c <code>float</code> \u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f 4 bytes\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 <code>float</code> \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e <code>int</code> \uff1f\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6309\u7406\u8bf4 <code>float</code> \u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5e94\u8be5\u53d8\u5c0f\u624d\u5bf9\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a 32-bit \u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ b_{31} b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_2 b_1 b_0 \\] <p>\u6839\u636e IEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\uff0c32-bit \u957f\u5ea6\u7684 <code>float</code> \u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{S}\\) \uff1a\u5360 1 bit \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{31}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{E}\\) \uff1a\u5360 8 bits \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N}\\) \uff1a\u5360 23 bits \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 <code>float</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text {val} = (-1)^{b_{31}} \\times 2^{\\left(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\right)_2-127} \\times\\left(1 . b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\right)_2 \\] <p>\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text {val}=(-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{\\mathrm{E} -127} \\times (1 + \\mathrm{N}) \\] <p>\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u9879\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\mathrm{S} \\in &amp; \\{ 0, 1\\} , \\quad \\mathrm{E} \\in \\{ 1, 2, \\dots, 254 \\} \\newline (1 + \\mathrm{N}) = &amp; (1 + \\sum_{i=1}^{23} b_{23-i} 2^{-i}) \\subset [1, 2 - 2^{-23}] \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aIEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u7684 float \u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f </p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e \\(\\mathrm{S} = 0\\) \uff0c \\(\\mathrm{E} = 124\\) \uff0c\\(\\mathrm{N} = 2^{-2} + 2^{-3} = 0.375\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text { val } = (-1)^0 \\times 2^{124 - 127} \\times (1 + 0.375) = 0.171875 \\] <p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u6700\u521d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<code>float</code> \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e <code>int</code> \u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c<code>float</code> \u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b63\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{254 - 127} \\times (2 - 2^{-23}) \\approx 3.4 \\times 10^{38}\\) \uff0c\u5207\u6362\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u8d1f\u6570\u3002</p> <p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b <code>int</code> \u5c06\u5168\u90e8 32 \u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> \u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u8d8a\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(E = 0\\) \u548c \\(E = 255\\) \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u3001\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3001\\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\) \u7b49\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u542b\u4e49 </p> \u6307\u6570\u4f4d E \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} = 0\\) \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} \\ne 0\\) \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f \\(0\\) \\(\\pm 0\\) \u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{-126} \\times (0.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(1, 2, \\dots, 254\\) \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{(\\mathrm{E} -127)} \\times (1.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(255\\) \\(\\pm \\infty\\) \\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\) <p>\u7279\u522b\u5730\uff0c\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126} \\approx 1.18 \\times 10^{-38}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126} \\times 2^{-23} \\approx 1.4 \\times 10^{-45}\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 <code>double</code> \u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c <code>float</code> \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4e0d\u518d\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/","title":"3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u5806\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u79bb\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u6570 <code>byte</code> , <code>short</code> , <code>int</code> , <code>long</code> \u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 <code>float</code> , <code>double</code> \u3001\u5b57\u7b26 <code>char</code> \u548c\u5e03\u5c14 <code>boolean</code> \u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</li> <li>\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u6574\u6570\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u51cf\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7531 1 \u4f4d\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u30018 \u4f4d\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u548c 23 \u4f4d\u5206\u6570\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>ASCII \u7801\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55 127 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002Unicode \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>UTF-8 \u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002UTF-16 \u548c UTF-32 \u662f\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u6587\u65f6\uff0cUTF-16 \u6bd4 UTF-8 \u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002Java, C# \u7b49\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/#351-q-a","title":"3.5.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\uff08\u540e\u7eed\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff09\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u94fe\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6876\uff09\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff1b\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6811\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6811\uff09\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p><code>char</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 1 byte \u5417\uff1f</p> <p><code>char</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7531\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava, JS, TS, C# \u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff08\u4fdd\u5b58 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 bytes \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/","title":"\u7b2c 12 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u96be\u9898\u88ab\u9010\u5c42\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u62c6\u89e3\u90fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u3002</p> <p>\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u590d\u6742\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565</li> <li>12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u6811\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/","title":"12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u5806\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7686\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53d7\u53e6\u5916\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65e0\u987b\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e8\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5206\u6cbb\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u9009\u9879\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u63a8\uff08\u8fed\u4ee3\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\uff08\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(f(i, j)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(0, n-1)\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u4e2d\u70b9 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u6c42\u89e3\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a \\(f(i, m-1)\\) \u6216 \\(f(m+1, j)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u7b2c <code>1.</code> , <code>2.</code> \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230 <code>target</code> \u6216\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(6\\) \u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>dfs()</code> \u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(i, j)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_recur.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) / 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) / 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.size();\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.py<pre><code>def dfs(nums: list[int], target: int, i: int, j: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j)\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i &gt; j:\nreturn -1\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nm = (i + j) // 2\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j)\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1)\nelse:\n# \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\ndef binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.go<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunc dfs(nums []int, target, i, j int) int {\n// \u5982\u679c\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i &gt; j {\nreturn -1\n}\n//    \u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u70b9\nm := i + ((j - i) &gt;&gt; 1)\n//\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\nif nums[m] &lt; target {\n// \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m+1, j)\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target {\n// \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m-1)\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\nn := len(nums)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n-1)\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.js<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums, target, i, j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = i + ((j - i) &gt;&gt; 1);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.ts<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums: number[], target: number, i: number, j: number): number {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = i + ((j - i) &gt;&gt; 1);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) / 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.Length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i &gt; j) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nint m = (i + j) ~/ 2;\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_recur.rs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfn dfs(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32, i: i32, j: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i &gt; j { return -1; }\nlet m: i32 = (i + j) / 2;\nif nums[m as usize] &lt; target {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n} else if nums[m as usize] &gt; target {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\nreturn dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfn binary_search(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = nums.len() as i32;\n// \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\ndfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/","title":"12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>preorder</code> \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>inorder</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u4ece\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece <code>preorder</code> \u548c <code>inorder</code> \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\uff09\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u540c\u7406\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>preorder</code> \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>inorder</code> \u6765\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c<code>preorder</code> \u548c <code>inorder</code> \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a<code>[ \u6839\u8282\u70b9 | \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ]</code> \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe <code>[ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a<code>[ \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \uff5c \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ]</code> \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe <code>[ 9 | 3 | 1 2 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20 3 \u662f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u6839\u8282\u70b9 3 \u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u5c06 <code>inorder</code> \u5212\u5206\u4e3a <code>[ 9 | 3 \uff5c 1 2 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u6839\u636e <code>inorder</code> \u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 1 \u548c 3 \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u5c06 <code>preorder</code> \u5212\u5206\u4e3a <code>[ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ]</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u548c <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([l, r]\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u91cf\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u6811\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5b50\u6811\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 </p> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>preorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \u5b50\u6811\u5728 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4 \u5f53\u524d\u6811 \\(i\\) \\([l, r]\\) \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1\\) \\([l, m-1]\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1 + (m - l)\\) \\([m+1, r]\\) <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684 \\((m-l)\\) \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2 \\(m\\) \u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>hmap</code> \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4 <code>inorder</code> \u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust build_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode dfs(int[] preorder, int[] inorder, Map&lt;Integer, Integer&gt; hmap, int i, int l, int r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0)\nreturn null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap.get(preorder[i]);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nMap&lt;Integer, Integer&gt; hmap = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap.put(inorder[i], i);\n}\nTreeNode root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode *dfs(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;preorder, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;inorder, unordered_map&lt;int, int&gt; &amp;hmap, int i, int l, int r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0)\nreturn NULL;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap[preorder[i]];\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot-&gt;left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot-&gt;right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;preorder, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nunordered_map&lt;int, int&gt; hmap;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.size(); i++) {\nhmap[inorder[i]] = i;\n}\nTreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.size() - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.py<pre><code>def dfs(\npreorder: list[int],\ninorder: list[int],\nhmap: dict[int, int],\ni: int,\nl: int,\nr: int,\n) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif r - l &lt; 0:\nreturn None\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = TreeNode(preorder[i])\n# \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nm = hmap[preorder[i]]\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1)\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root\ndef build_tree(preorder: list[int], inorder: list[int]) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nhmap = {val: i for i, val in enumerate(inorder)}\nroot = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, len(inorder) - 1)\nreturn root\n</code></pre> build_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunc dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder []int, hmap map[int]int, i, l, r int) *TreeNode {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif r-l &lt; 0 {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot := NewTreeNode(preorder[i])\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nm := hmap[preorder[i]]\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.Left = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder, hmap, i+1, l, m-1)\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.Right = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder, hmap, i+1+m-l, m+1, r)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunc buildTree(preorder, inorder []int) *TreeNode {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nhmap := make(map[int]int, len(inorder))\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(inorder); i++ {\nhmap[inorder[i]] = i\n}\nroot := dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, len(inorder)-1)\nreturn root\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i, l, r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0) return null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nconst m = hmap.get(preorder[i]);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder, inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nlet hmap = new Map();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap.set(inorder[i], i);\n}\nconst root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(\npreorder: number[],\ninorder: number[],\nhmap: Map&lt;number, number&gt;,\ni: number,\nl: number,\nr: number\n): TreeNode | null {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0) return null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst root: TreeNode = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nconst m = hmap.get(preorder[i]);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder: number[], inorder: number[]): TreeNode | null {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nlet hmap = new Map&lt;number, number&gt;();\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap.set(inorder[i], i);\n}\nconst root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n</code></pre> build_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode dfs(int[] preorder, int[] inorder, Dictionary&lt;int, int&gt; hmap, int i, int l, int r) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0)\nreturn null;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap[preorder[i]];\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nDictionary&lt;int, int&gt; hmap = new Dictionary&lt;int, int&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.Length; i++) {\nhmap.TryAdd(inorder[i], i);\n}\nTreeNode root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.Length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n</code></pre> build_tree.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n</code></pre> build_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode? dfs(\nList&lt;int&gt; preorder,\nList&lt;int&gt; inorder,\nMap&lt;int, int&gt; hmap,\nint i,\nint l,\nint r,\n) {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif (r - l &lt; 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? root = TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nint m = hmap[preorder[i]]!;\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn root;\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(List&lt;int&gt; preorder, List&lt;int&gt; inorder) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nMap&lt;int, int&gt; hmap = {};\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; inorder.length; i++) {\nhmap[inorder[i]] = i;\n}\nTreeNode? root = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\nreturn root;\n}\n</code></pre> build_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfn dfs(preorder: &amp;[i32], inorder: &amp;[i32], hmap: &amp;HashMap&lt;i32, i32&gt;, i: i32, l: i32, r: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt; {\n// \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nif r - l &lt; 0 { return None; }\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nlet root = TreeNode::new(preorder[i as usize]);\n// \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlet m = hmap.get(&amp;preorder[i as usize]).unwrap();\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\nroot.borrow_mut().left = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nroot.borrow_mut().right = dfs(preorder, inorder, hmap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(root)\n}\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfn build_tree(preorder: &amp;[i32], inorder: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\nlet mut hmap: HashMap&lt;i32, i32&gt; = HashMap::new();\nfor i in 0..inorder.len() {\nhmap.insert(inorder[i], i as i32);\n}\nlet root = dfs(preorder, inorder, &amp;hmap, 0, 0, inorder.len() as i32 - 1);\nroot\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0b\u201c\u9012\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u6761\u8fb9\uff08\u5373\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u8bbe\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>dfs()</code> \uff09\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58\u50a8 <code>inorder</code> \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/","title":"12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u5206\u6cbb divide and conquer\u300d\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6cbb\u201d\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u5df2\u77e5\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u7b97\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5206\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u6cbb\uff1a\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1211","title":"12.1.1 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f97\u6765\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u663e\u7136\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u6761\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1212","title":"12.1.2 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5192\u6ce1\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u53d1\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b65\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u4ee5\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u5212\u5206\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O((n / 2)^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ O(n + (\\frac{n}{2})^2 \\times 2 + n) = O(\\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n) \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5212\u5206\u6570\u7ec4\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f </p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u524d\u548c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u6570\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} n^2 &amp; &gt; \\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n \\newline n^2 - \\frac{n^2}{2} - 2n &amp; &gt; 0 \\newline n(n - 4) &amp; &gt; 0 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53 \\(n &gt; 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u53d8\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5212\u5206\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u518d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5212\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u201c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002</p> <p>\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5728\u591a\u6838\u6216\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6240\u6709\u6876\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1213","title":"12.1.3 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff1a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u70b9\u96c6\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u627e\u51fa\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u627e\u51fa\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\u3002</li> <li>\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Karatsuba \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Strassen \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> <li>\u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u3002\u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6392\u9664\u54ea\u4e00\u534a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u533a\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u5f00\u5934\u5df2\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002</li> <li>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u3001B+ \u6811\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\uff1a\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\u7565\u95f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6da6\u7269\u7ec6\u65e0\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/","title":"12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>A</code> , <code>B</code> , <code>C</code> \u3002\u8d77\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u67f1\u5b50 <code>A</code> \u4e0a\u5957\u7740 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8fd9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230\u67f1\u5b50 <code>C</code> \u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u5706\u76d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5706\u76d8\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u653e\u5165\u3002</li> <li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u3002</li> <li>\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u505a \\(f(i)\\) \u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \\(f(3)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u5c06 \\(3\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 1 \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5728\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 <code>B</code> \u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>B</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u518d\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>B</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 <code>B</code> \u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<code>C</code> \u79f0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001<code>B</code> \u79f0\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 2 \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5 \\(f(1)\\) \u548c \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c06 <code>A</code> \u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u4ee4 <code>B</code> \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001<code>C</code> \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>B</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 <code>A</code> \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u4ee4 <code>C</code> \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001<code>A</code> \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>B</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u5c31\u88ab\u987a\u5229\u5730\u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u4e86\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 3 \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 </p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89e3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 <code>C</code> \u4ece <code>A</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>B</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5269\u4f59 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece <code>A</code> \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 <code>A</code> \u4ece <code>B</code> \u79fb\u81f3 <code>C</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u800c \\(f(1)\\) \u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 <code>dfs(i, src, buf, tar)</code> \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u67f1 <code>src</code> \u9876\u90e8\u7684 \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1 <code>buf</code> \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u67f1 <code>tar</code> \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hanota.java<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List&lt;Integer&gt; src, List&lt;Integer&gt; tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nInteger pan = src.remove(src.size() - 1);\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.add(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List&lt;Integer&gt; src, List&lt;Integer&gt; buf, List&lt;Integer&gt; tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid solveHanota(List&lt;Integer&gt; A, List&lt;Integer&gt; B, List&lt;Integer&gt; C) {\nint n = A.size();\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.cpp<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;src, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nint pan = src.back();\nsrc.pop_back();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push_back(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;src, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;buf, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid hanota(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;A, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;B, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;C) {\nint n = A.size();\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.py<pre><code>def move(src: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\"\"\"\n# \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\npan = src.pop()\n# \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.append(pan)\ndef dfs(i: int, src: list[int], buf: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i)\"\"\"\n# \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif i == 1:\nmove(src, tar)\nreturn\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf)\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar)\n# \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar)\ndef hanota(A: list[int], B: list[int], C: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\"\"\"\nn = len(A)\n# \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C)\n</code></pre> hanota.go<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunc move(src, tar *list.List) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\npan := src.Back()\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.PushBack(pan.Value)\n// \u79fb\u9664 src \u9876\u90e8\u5706\u76d8\nsrc.Remove(pan)\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunc dfsHanota(i int, src, buf, tar *list.List) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif i == 1 {\nmove(src, tar)\nreturn\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfsHanota(i-1, src, tar, buf)\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar)\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfsHanota(i-1, buf, src, tar)\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfunc hanota(A, B, C *list.List) {\nn := A.Len()\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfsHanota(n, A, B, C)\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.js<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src, tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nconst pan = src.pop();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i, src, buf, tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i === 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfunction hanota(A, B, C) {\nconst n = A.length;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.ts<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nconst pan = src.pop();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i: number, src: number[], buf: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i === 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfunction hanota(A: number[], B: number[], C: number[]): void {\nconst n = A.length;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{move}\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{hanota}\n</code></pre> hanota.cs<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nint pan = src[^1];\nsrc.RemoveAt(src.Count - 1);\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.Add(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; buf, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid solveHanota(List&lt;int&gt; A, List&lt;int&gt; B, List&lt;int&gt; C) {\nint n = A.Count;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{move}\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{hanota}\n</code></pre> hanota.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{move}\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{hanota}\n</code></pre> hanota.dart<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nint pan = src.removeLast();\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.add(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List&lt;int&gt; src, List&lt;int&gt; buf, List&lt;int&gt; tar) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif (i == 1) {\nmove(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nvoid hanota(List&lt;int&gt; A, List&lt;int&gt; B, List&lt;int&gt; C) {\nint n = A.length;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> hanota.rs<pre><code>/* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfn move_pan(src: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, tar: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\n// \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\nlet pan = src.remove(src.len() - 1);\n// \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\ntar.push(pan);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfn dfs(i: i32, src: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, buf: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, tar: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\n// \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\nif i == 1 {\nmove_pan(src, tar);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\ndfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\nmove_pan(src, tar);\n// \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\ndfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854 */\nfn hanota(A: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, B: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;, C: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\nlet n = A.len() as i32;\n// \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\ndfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u542f\u7684 <code>dfs()</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p> <p>Quote</p> <p>\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u79cd\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfa\u5e99\u91cc\uff0c\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u6839\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \\(64\\) \u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u91d1\u5706\u76d8\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u539f\u76d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 \\(2^{64} \\approx 1.84\u00d710^{19}\\) \u79d2\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6 \\(5850\\) \u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/","title":"12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\uff09\u548c\u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u5f15\u5165\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u540e\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6cbb\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u8eab\u5f71\u3002</li> <li>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5206\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n-1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/","title":"\u7b2c 14 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5c0f\u6eaa\u6c47\u5165\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u6c5f\u6cb3\u6c47\u5165\u5927\u6d77\u3002</p> <p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5c06\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5f15\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f7c\u5cb8\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212</li> <li>14.2 \u00a0 DP \u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027</li> <li>14.3 \u00a0 DP \u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def</li> <li>14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/","title":"14.2 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u4e2d\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1421","title":"14.2.1 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7a0d\u4f5c\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u5c55\u793a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u3002</p> <p>\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u90fd\u8d34\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5728\u8be5\u53f0\u9636\u6240\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 \\(cost\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(cost[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u53f0\u9636\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\\(cost[0]\\) \u4e3a\u5730\u9762\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u9876\u90e8\uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(1\\) , \\(10\\) , \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7 </p> <p>\u8bbe \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e3a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u8d70\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i - 1] + cost[i]\\) \u6216 \\(dp[i - 2] + cost[i]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5373\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i] = \\min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i] \\] <p>\u8fd9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u663e\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1]\\) , \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u8f83\u4f18\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i]\\) \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0a\u8282\u7684\u722c\u697c\u68af\u9898\u76ee\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u95ee\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u5916\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9898\u76ee\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u540e\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(n-1\\) \u9636\u548c\u7b2c \\(n-2\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 \\(dp[1] = cost[1]\\) , \\(dp[2] = cost[2]\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;cost) {\nint n = cost.size() - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn cost[n]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp = [0] * (n + 1)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1], dp[2] = cost[1], cost[2]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\nreturn dp[n]\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost []int) int {\nn := len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp := make([]int, n+1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1]\ndp[2] = cost[2]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i-1]), float64(dp[i-2]+cost[i])))\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.Length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = cost.count - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1\ndp[2] = 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDP(comptime cost: []i32) i32 {\ncomptime var n = cost.len - 1;\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn cost[n];\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i] = @min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(List&lt;int&gt; cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = cost.len() - 1;\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n]; }\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nlet mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = cost[1];\ndp[2] = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in 3..=n {\ndp[i] = cmp::min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n}\ndp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u7ef4\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u96f6\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;cost) {\nint n = cost.size() - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn cost[n]\na, b = cost[1], cost[2]\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\na, b = b, min(a, b) + cost[i]\nreturn b\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost []int) int {\nn := len(cost) - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\na, b := cost[1], cost[2]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ntmp := b\nb = int(math.Min(float64(a), float64(tmp+cost[i])))\na = tmp\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minCostClimbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\nint n = cost.Length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = Math.Min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: [Int]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = cost.count - 1\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn cost[n]\n}\nvar (a, b) = (cost[1], cost[2])\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n(a, b) = (b, min(a, b) + cost[i])\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: []i32) i32 {\nvar n = cost.len - 1;\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn cost[n];\n}\nvar a = cost[1];\nvar b = cost[2];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\nvar tmp = b;\nb = @min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; cost) {\nint n = cost.length - 1;\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\nint a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = cost.len() - 1;\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n] };\nlet (mut a, mut b) = (cost[1], cost[2]);\nfor i in 3..=n {\nlet tmp = b;\nb = cmp::min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\na = tmp;\n}\nb\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1422","title":"14.2.2 \u00a0 \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027","text":"<p>\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+1\\) \u548c\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+2\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u6b65\u548c\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u6b65\u3002\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u7684\u672a\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u4e0a\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u4ec5\u5269 \\(2\\) \u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u6b21\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf </p> <p>\u5728\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u662f\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u548c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4e0a\u8f6e\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u4e5f\u5931\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u201d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06 \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u5165 \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e2d\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5904\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(j\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(j \\in \\{1, 2\\}\\) \u3002\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u8fd8\u662f \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u8df3\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5f53 \\(j\\) \u7b49\u4e8e \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 \\(j\\) \u7b49\u4e8e \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5373\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(2\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{cases} dp[i, 1] = dp[i-1, 2] \\\\ dp[i, 2] = dp[i-2, 1] + dp[i-2, 2] \\end{cases} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de \\(dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2]\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][3];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(3, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.py<pre><code>def climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp = [[0] * 3 for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1], dp[1][2] = 1, 0\ndp[2][1], dp[2][2] = 0, 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n int) int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp := make([][3]int, n+1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1\ndp[1][2] = 0\ndp[2][1] = 0\ndp[2][2] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i-1][2]\ndp[i][2] = dp[i-2][1] + dp[i-2][2]\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsConstraintDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsConstraintDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsConstraintDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, 3];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1, 1] = 1;\ndp[1, 2] = 0;\ndp[2, 1] = 0;\ndp[2, 2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i, 1] = dp[i - 1, 2];\ndp[i, 2] = dp[i - 2, 1] + dp[i - 2, 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: 3), count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1\ndp[1][2] = 0\ndp[2][1] = 0\ndp[2][2] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsConstraintDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(n);\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = [_][3]i32{ [_]i32{ -1, -1, -1 } } ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) {\nreturn n;\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(3, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\nreturn dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32 };\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![-1; 3]; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1][1] = 1;\ndp[1][2] = 0;\ndp[2][1] = 0;\ndp[2][2] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in 3..=n {\ndp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\ndp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n}\ndp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u9700\u591a\u8003\u8651\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u6062\u590d\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u6709\u540e\u6548\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <p>\u722c\u697c\u68af\u4e0e\u969c\u788d\u751f\u6210</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u653e\u4e0a\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u8f6e\u90fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u8df3\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c \\(2, 3\\) \u9636\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(4, 6\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u90fd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/","title":"14.3 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u4e0a\u4e24\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff1f</li> <li>\u6c42\u89e3\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u8be5\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1431","title":"14.3.1 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u5224\u65ad","text":"<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u653e\u5bbd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u7a77\u4e3e\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u9002\u5408\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89e3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u6216\u6700\u591a\uff08\u5c11\uff09\u7b49\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002</li> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u6216\u6811\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u201c\u51cf\u5206\u9879\u201d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1432","title":"14.3.2 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"<p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f1a\u56e0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u201d\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times m\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c <code>grid</code> \uff0c\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4ee5\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e3a \\(13\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u540e\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u4e3a \\([i+1, j]\\) \u6216 \\([i, j+1]\\) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9 \\([0, 0]\\) \u8d70\u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff0c\u89e3\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u683c \\(grid\\) \u76f8\u540c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e dp \u8868 </p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u89e3\u9898\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\uff1a\u5230\u8fbe \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7531 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e0e \\([i-1, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j] \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b </p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u9020\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9996\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u53f3\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u9996\u5217\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c \\(i = 0\\) \u548c\u9996\u5217 \\(j = 0\\) \u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u91c7\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u904d\u5386\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u884c\u3001\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5217\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f </p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6309\u7167\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u4ece\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c \\([i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u8981\u7d20\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ece \\([0, 0]\\) \u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i = 0\\) \u4e14 \\(j = 0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(grid[0, 0]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i &lt; 0\\) \u65f6\u6216 \\(j &lt; 0\\) \u65f6\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(+\\infty\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dfs(grid: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 and j == 0:\nreturn grid[0][0]\n# \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0:\nreturn inf\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j)\nup = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid [][]int, i, j int) int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn math.MaxInt\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft := minPathSumDFS(grid, i-1, j)\nup := minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j-1)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFS}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0){\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn int.MaxValue;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid: [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0, j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn .max\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i - 1, j: j)\nlet up = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i, j: j - 1)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFS(grid: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 and j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0) {\nreturn std.math.maxInt(i32);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nvar left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nvar up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\nreturn BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nreturn min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, i: i32, j: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn i32::MAX;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j);\nlet up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nstd::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5 \\(dp[2, 1]\\) \u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u683c <code>grid</code> \u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53d8\u5927\u800c\u6025\u5267\u589e\u591a\u3002</p> <p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e00\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u548c\u5411\u53f3\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u8d70\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981 \\(m + n - 2\\) \u6b65\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^{m + n})\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u672a\u8003\u8651\u4e34\u8fd1\u7f51\u683c\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u754c\u65f6\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7f51\u683c <code>grid</code> \u76f8\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 <code>mem</code> \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dfs_mem(\ngrid: list[list[int]], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int\n) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 and j == 0:\nreturn grid[0][0]\n# \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0:\nreturn inf\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][j] != -1:\nreturn mem[i][j]\n# \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)\nup = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\nreturn mem[i][j]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem [][]int, i, j int) int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn math.MaxInt\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][j] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nleft := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i-1, j)\nup := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j-1)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDFSMem}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\nreturn int.MaxValue;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid: [[Int]], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0, j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0]\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn .max\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][j] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, j: j)\nlet up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &amp;mem, i: i, j: j - 1)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\nreturn mem[i][j]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFSMem(grid: anytype, mem: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 and j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0) {\nreturn std.math.maxInt(i32);\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] != -1) {\nreturn mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nvar left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nvar up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] = @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\nreturn mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; mem, int i, int j) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif (i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0) {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0) {\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\nreturn BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][j] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nint left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nint up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\nreturn mem[i][j];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, mem: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, i: i32, j: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\nif i == 0 &amp;&amp; j == 0 {\nreturn grid[0][0];\n}\n// \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 {\nreturn i32::MAX;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i as usize][j as usize] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i as usize][j as usize];\n}\n// \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nlet left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\nlet up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\nmem[i as usize][j as usize] = std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize];\nmem[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ea\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u683c\u5c3a\u5bf8 \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n][m];\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid) {\nint n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n, vector&lt;int&gt;(m));\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dp(grid: list[list[int]]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * m for _ in range(n)]\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n):\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n):\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid [][]int) int {\nn, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, m)\n}\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j-1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt; n; i++ {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + grid[i][0]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt; n; i++ {\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i][j-1]), float64(dp[i-1][j]))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n-1][m-1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDP}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n, m];\ndp[0, 0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0, j] = dp[0, j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i, 0] = dp[i - 1, 0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i, j] = Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1, m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid: [[Int]]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = grid.count\nlet m = grid[0].count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m), count: n)\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDP(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\ncomptime var n = grid.len;\ncomptime var m = grid[0].len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][m]i32{[_]i32{0} ** m} ** n;\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (1..n) |i| {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (1..n) |i| {\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[i][j] = @min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n, (i) =&gt; List.filled(m, 0));\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; m]; n];\ndp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nfor i in 1..n {\ndp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in 1..n {\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\ndp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u904d\u5386\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n \\times m\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u884c\u4e2d\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust min_path_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[m];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;grid) {\nint n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(m);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.py<pre><code>def min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: list[list[int]]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * m\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0]\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in range(1, n):\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in range(1, m):\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\nreturn dp[m - 1]\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid [][]int) int {\nn, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, m)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0]\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[j] = dp[j-1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt; n; i++ {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j := 1; j &lt; m; j++ {\ndp[j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[j-1]), float64(dp[j]))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m-1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{minPathSumDPComp}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\nint n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[m];\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid: [[Int]]) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = grid.count\nlet m = grid[0].count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0]\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDPComp(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\ncomptime var n = grid.len;\ncomptime var m = grid[0].len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** m;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (1..n) |i| {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\nfor (1..m) |j| {\ndp[j] = @min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; grid) {\nint n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(m, 0);\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt; m; j++) {\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m - 1];\n}\n</code></pre> min_path_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: &amp;Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; m];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\ndp[0] = grid[0][0];\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in 1..n {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\ndp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[j] = std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n}\n}\ndp[m - 1]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/","title":"14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4fee\u6539\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002</p> <p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06 <code>kitten</code> \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a <code>sitting</code> \u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e 1 \u6b21\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u5c06 <code>hello</code> \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a <code>algo</code> \u9700\u8981 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c 1 \u6b21\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece <code>hello</code> \u8f6c\u6362\u5230 <code>algo</code> \u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p>\u4ece\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u8282\u70b9 <code>hello</code> \u548c\u8282\u70b9 <code>algo</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8003\u8651 \\(s[n-2]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-2]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5f85\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5728 \\(s\\) , \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002</p> <p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((i+1) \\times (j+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u8003\u8651\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5728 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664 \\(s[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb </p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) , \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) , \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 \\(1\\) \u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i, j-1], dp[i-1, j], dp[i-1, j-1]) + 1 \\] <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f53 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1] \\] <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5f53\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[0, 0] = 0\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, j] = j\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e \\(s\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0] = i\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u89e3 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u4f9d\u8d56\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust edit_distance.java<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(m + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.py<pre><code>def edit_distance_dp(s: str, t: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(s), len(t)\ndp = [[0] * (m + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\ndp[i][0] = i\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\ndp[0][j] = j\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\nif s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n# \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\nelse:\n# \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\nreturn dp[n][m]\n</code></pre> edit_distance.go<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s string, t string) int {\nn := len(s)\nm := len(t)\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, m+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i][0] = i\n}\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\ndp[0][j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\nif s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j]), dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDP}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i, 0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0, j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.swift<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = s.utf8CString.count\nlet m = t.utf8CString.count\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][0] = i\n}\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\ndp[0][j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\nif s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.zig<pre><code>// \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDP(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\ncomptime var n = s.len;\ncomptime var m = t.len;\nvar dp = [_][m + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (m + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i][0] = @intCast(i);\n}\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\ndp[0][j] = @intCast(j);\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = @min(@min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.dart<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length, m = t.length;\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (_) =&gt; List.filled(m + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = i;\n}\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[0][j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.rs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp(s: &amp;str, t: &amp;str) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor i in 1..= n {\ndp[i][0] = i as i32;\n}\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[0][j] = j as i32;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor j in 1..=m {\nif s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n}\n}\n}\ndp[n][m]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u586b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt;&lt;13&gt;&lt;14&gt;&lt;15&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i,j]\\) \u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) \u3001\u5de6\u65b9 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u6784\u5efa \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <code>leftup</code> \u6765\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5de6\u65b9\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust edit_distance.java<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nint[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.length(), m = t.length();\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(m + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.py<pre><code>def edit_distance_dp_comp(s: str, t: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn, m = len(s), len(t)\ndp = [0] * (m + 1)\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\ndp[j] = j\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nleftup = dp[0]  # \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] += 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in range(1, m + 1):\ntemp = dp[j]\nif s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n# \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup\nelse:\n# \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1\nleftup = temp  # \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\nreturn dp[m]\n</code></pre> edit_distance.go<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s string, t string) int {\nn := len(s)\nm := len(t)\ndp := make([]int, m+1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\ndp[j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nleftUp := dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j := 1; j &lt;= m; j++ {\ntemp := dp[j]\nif s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftUp\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[j-1], dp[j]), leftUp) + 1\n}\nleftUp = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{editDistanceDPComp}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.cs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\nint n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\nint[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.swift<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = s.utf8CString.count\nlet m = t.utf8CString.count\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\ndp[j] = j\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nvar leftup = dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\nlet temp = dp[j]\nif s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1\n}\nleftup = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m]\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.zig<pre><code>// \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDPComp(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\ncomptime var n = s.len;\ncomptime var m = t.len;\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (m + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\ndp[j] = @intCast(j);\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nvar leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = @intCast(i);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (1..m + 1) |j| {\nvar temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = @min(@min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.dart<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\nint n = s.length, m = t.length;\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\ndp[j] = j;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nint leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor (int j = 1; j &lt;= m; j++) {\nint temp = dp[j];\nif (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\nreturn dp[m];\n}\n</code></pre> edit_distance.rs<pre><code>/* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp_comp(s: &amp;str, t: &amp;str) -&gt; i32 {\nlet (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\nlet mut dp = vec![0; m + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\nfor j in 1..m {\ndp[j] = j as i32;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\nfor i in 1..=n {\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\nlet mut leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\ndp[0] = i as i32;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\nfor j in 1..=m {\nlet temp = dp[j];\nif s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n// \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\ndp[j] = leftup;\n} else {\n// \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\ndp[j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n}\nleftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n}\n}\ndp[m]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/","title":"14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u300c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 dynamic programming\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u9898\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u722c\u697c\u68af</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u5171\u6709 \\(3\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u722c\u697c\u68af\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u526a\u679d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_backtrack.java<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;Integer&gt; choices, int state, int n, List&lt;Integer&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n)\nres.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (Integer choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n)\nbreak;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; choices = Arrays.asList(1, 2); // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nres.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;choices, int state, int n, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n)\nres[0]++;\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (auto &amp;choice : choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n)\nbreak;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nvector&lt;int&gt; choices = {1, 2}; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0;                // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nvector&lt;int&gt; res = {0};        // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.py<pre><code>def backtrack(choices: list[int], state: int, n: int, res: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n:\nres[0] += 1\n# \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices:\n# \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state + choice &gt; n:\nbreak\n# \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res)\n# \u56de\u9000\ndef climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\nchoices = [1, 2]  # \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nstate = 0  # \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nres = [0]  # \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res)\nreturn res[0]\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.go<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices []int, state, n int, res []int) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n {\nres[0] = res[0] + 1\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor _, choice := range choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state+choice &gt; n {\nbreak\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state+choice, n, res)\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n int) int {\n// \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nchoices := []int{1, 2}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nstate := 0\nres := make([]int, 1)\n// \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nres[0] = 0\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res)\nreturn res[0]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.js<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(choices, state, n, res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) break;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n) {\nconst choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nconst state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nconst res = new Map();\nres.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.ts<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(\nchoices: number[],\nstate: number,\nn: number,\nres: Map&lt;0, any&gt;\n): void {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (const choice of choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) break;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n: number): number {\nconst choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nconst state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nconst res = new Map();\nres.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsBacktrack}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.cs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; choices, int state, int n, List&lt;int&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n)\nres[0]++;\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nforeach (int choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n)\nbreak;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nList&lt;int&gt; choices = new List&lt;int&gt; { 1, 2 }; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt; { 0 }; // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.swift<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices: [Int], state: Int, n: Int, res: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n {\nres[0] += 1\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state + choice &gt; n {\nbreak\n}\nbacktrack(choices: choices, state: state + choice, n: n, res: &amp;res)\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet choices = [1, 2] // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nlet state = 0 // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nvar res: [Int] = []\nres.append(0) // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices: choices, state: state, n: n, res: &amp;res)\nreturn res[0]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig<pre><code>// \u56de\u6eaf\nfn backtrack(choices: []i32, state: i32, n: i32, res: std.ArrayList(i32)) void {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n) {\nres.items[0] = res.items[0] + 1;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (choices) |choice| {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\nfn climbingStairsBacktrack(n: usize) !i32 {\nvar choices = [_]i32{ 1, 2 }; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nvar state: i32 = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nvar res = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer res.deinit();\ntry res.append(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(&amp;choices, state, @intCast(n), res);\nreturn res.items[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.dart<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List&lt;int&gt; choices, int state, int n, List&lt;int&gt; res) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif (state == n) {\nres[0]++;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor (int choice in choices) {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif (state + choice &gt; n) break;\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\nList&lt;int&gt; choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nint state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nList&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nres.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(choices, state, n, res);\nreturn res[0];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_backtrack.rs<pre><code>/* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfn backtrack(choices: &amp;[i32], state: i32, n: i32, res: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\nif state == n { res[0] = res[0] + 1; }\n// \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\nfor &amp;choice in choices {\n// \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\nif state + choice &gt; n { break; }\n// \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\nbacktrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n// \u56de\u9000\n}\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfn climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet choices = vec![ 1, 2 ]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u6216 2 \u9636\nlet state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\nlet mut res = Vec::new();\nres.push(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\nbacktrack(&amp;choices, state, n as i32, &amp;mut res);\nres[0]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1411","title":"14.1.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u63a2\u548c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u5171\u6709 \\(dp[i]\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \\(dp[i]\\) \u5c31\u662f\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec:</p> \\[ dp[i-1] , dp[i-2] , \\dots , dp[2] , dp[1] \\] <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i -1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u524d\u5f80\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u52a0\u4e0a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2] \\] <p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4ee5 \\(dp[n]\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[2]\\) \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[1] = 1\\) , \\(dp[2] = 2\\) \u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u9636\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dfs.java<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.py<pre><code>def dfs(i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 or i == 2:\nreturn i\n# dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2)\nreturn count\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\nreturn dfs(n)\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.go<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i int) int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount := dfs(i-1) + dfs(i-2)\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n int) int {\nreturn dfs(n)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.js<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number): number {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n: number): number {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDFS}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i: i - 1) + dfs(i: i - 2)\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\ndfs(i: n)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.zig<pre><code>// \u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize) i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 or i == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(i);\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nvar count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFS(comptime n: usize) i32 {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\nreturn dfs(n);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\ncount\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\ndfs(n) }\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[n]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u697c\u68af\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\\(dp[9]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[8]\\) \u548c \\(dp[7]\\) \uff0c\\(dp[8]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[7]\\) \u548c \\(dp[6]\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[7]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b50\u5b50\u5b59\u5b59\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u4e5f\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1412","title":"14.1.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>mem</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5f53\u9996\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3 <code>mem[i]</code> \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u518d\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece <code>mem[i]</code> \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u526a\u679d\u3002</li> </ol> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.java<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int[] mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1)\nreturn mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nint[] mem = new int[n + 1];\nArrays.fill(mem, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1)\nreturn mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nvector&lt;int&gt; mem(n + 1, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.py<pre><code>def dfs(i: int, mem: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 or i == 2:\nreturn i\n# \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1:\nreturn mem[i]\n# dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem)\n# \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count\nreturn count\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nmem = [-1] * (n + 1)\nreturn dfs(n, mem)\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.go<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfsMem(i int, mem []int) int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i]\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\ncount := dfsMem(i-1, mem) + dfsMem(i-2, mem)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n int) int {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nmem := make([]int, n+1)\nfor i := range mem {\nmem[i] = -1\n}\nreturn dfsMem(n, mem)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.js<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i, mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nconst mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number, mem: number[]): number {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nconst count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n: number): number {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nconst mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDFSMem}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int[] mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2)\nreturn i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1)\nreturn mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nint[] mem = new int[n + 1];\nArray.Fill(mem, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int, mem: inout [Int]) -&gt; Int {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 {\nreturn i\n}\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i]\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i: i - 1, mem: &amp;mem) + dfs(i: i - 2, mem: &amp;mem)\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count\nreturn count\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nvar mem = Array(repeating: -1, count: n + 1)\nreturn dfs(i: n, mem: &amp;mem)\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.zig<pre><code>// \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: []i32) i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 or i == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(i);\n}\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i];\n}\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nvar count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFSMem(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nvar mem = [_]i32{ -1 } ** (n + 1);\nreturn dfs(n, &amp;mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, List&lt;int&gt; mem) {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nint count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\nreturn count;\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nList&lt;int&gt; mem = List.filled(n + 1, -1);\nreturn dfs(n, mem);\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: &amp;mut [i32]) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n// \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif mem[i] != -1 { return mem[i]; }\n// dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\nlet count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n// \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\nmem[i] = count;\ncount\n}\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\nlet mut mem = vec![-1; n + 1];\ndfs(n, &amp;mut mem)\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0b\u56fe\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u88ab\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1413","title":"14.1.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u89e3\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u9010\u5c42\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6570\u7ec4 <code>mem</code> \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def climbing_stairs_dp(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp = [0] * (n + 1)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1], dp[2] = 1, 2\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in range(3, n + 1):\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\nreturn dp[n]\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n int) int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp := make([]int, n+1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1\ndp[2] = 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n) {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nconst dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n: number): number {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nconst dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDP}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nint[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1\ndp[2] = 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\n}\nreturn dp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(n);\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nvar dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (3..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\nreturn dp[n];\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\nlet mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\ndp[1] = 1;\ndp[2] = 2;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i in 3..=n {\ndp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n}\ndp[n]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570 \\(i\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u300d\uff0c\\(dp[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5373\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u300d\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u300d\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u722c\u697c\u68af\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1414","title":"14.1.4 \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u4e0e \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust climbing_stairs_dp.java<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cpp<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.py<pre><code>def climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nif n == 1 or n == 2:\nreturn n\na, b = 1, 2\nfor _ in range(3, n + 1):\na, b = b, a + b\nreturn b\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.go<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n int) int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\na, b := 1, 2\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\nfor i := 3; i &lt;= n; i++ {\na, b = b, a+b\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.js<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n) {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\nlet a = 1,\nb = 2;\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nconst tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.ts<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n: number): number {\nif (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\nlet a = 1,\nb = 2;\nfor (let i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nconst tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{climbingStairsDPComp}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.cs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2)\nreturn n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.swift<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 {\nreturn n\n}\nvar a = 1\nvar b = 2\nfor _ in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n(a, b) = (b, a + b)\n}\nreturn b\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.zig<pre><code>// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDPComp(comptime n: usize) i32 {\nif (n == 1 or n == 2) {\nreturn @intCast(n);\n}\nvar a: i32 = 1;\nvar b: i32 = 2;\nfor (3..n + 1) |_| {\nvar tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.dart<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\nif (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\nint a = 1, b = 2;\nfor (int i = 3; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nint tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nreturn b;\n}\n</code></pre> climbing_stairs_dp.rs<pre><code>/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nif n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\nlet (mut a, mut b) = (1, 2);\nfor _ in 3..=n {\nlet tmp = b;\nb = a + b;\na = tmp;\n}\nb\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u300d\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ec5\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u964d\u7ef4\u201d\u6765\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/","title":"14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5165\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece \\(0\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u548c\u4ef7\u503c \\(val[i-1]\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u201c\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u5927\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, c]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f85\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u662f \\(dp[n, cap]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (cap+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u662f\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0 \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\] <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i - 1]\\) \u8d85\u51fa\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5f53\u65e0\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u548c\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, c]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u641c\u7d22\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7\u8d8a\u754c \\(i = 0\\) \u6216\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c \\(0\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int[] wgt, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dfs(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], i: int, c: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 or c == 0:\nreturn 0\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\nreturn knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\nyes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes)\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt, val []int, i, c int) int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\nyes := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFS}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFS}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFS}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int[] weight, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn Math.Max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], i: Int, c: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\nlet yes = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes)\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFS(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 or c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nvar no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nvar yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn @max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nreturn max(no, yes);\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], i: usize, c: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\nreturn knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\nlet yes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nstd::cmp::max(no, yes)\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u4e24\u6761\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\(dp[1, 10]\\) \u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u3001\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u591a\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 <code>mem</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>mem[i][c]</code> \u5bf9\u5e94 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int[] wgt, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;mem, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dfs_mem(\nwgt: list[int], val: list[int], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, c: int\n) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 or c == 0:\nreturn 0\n# \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1:\nreturn mem[i][c]\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\nreturn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\nyes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\nreturn mem[i][c]\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val []int, mem [][]int, i, c int) int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nno := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\nyes := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFSMem}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFSMem}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDFSMem}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int[] weight, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = Math.Max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, c: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\nlet yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &amp;mem, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\nreturn mem[i][c]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFSMem(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, mem: anytype, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 or c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nvar no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nvar yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = @max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(\nList&lt;int&gt; wgt,\nList&lt;int&gt; val,\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; mem,\nint i,\nint c,\n) {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif (i == 0 || c == 0) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (mem[i][c] != -1) {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\nreturn knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nint no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nint yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], mem: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;, i: usize, c: usize) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\nif i == 0 || c == 0 {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif mem[i][c] != -1 {\nreturn mem[i][c];\n}\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\nreturn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\nlet no = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\nlet yes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\nmem[i][c] = std::cmp::max(no, yes);\nmem[i][c]\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"<p>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u586b\u5145 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor c in range(1, cap + 1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor c := 1; c &lt;= cap; c++ {\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i-1][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDP}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDP}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDP}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = weight.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1], dp[i - 1, c]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..cap + 1) |c| {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor c in 1..=cap {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\ndp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u7531\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u5927\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373 \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt;&lt;13&gt;&lt;14&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u5c06\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u5462\uff1f\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u6216\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7b2c \\(i-1\\) \u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u904d\u5386\u5230 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, 1]\\) ~ \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u8fdb\u884c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u753b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i = 1\\) \u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u81f3\u7b2c \\(i = 2\\) \u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8bf7\u601d\u8003\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4 \\(i\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust knapsack.java<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt;= 1; c--) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt;= 1; c--) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.py<pre><code>def knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in range(cap, 0, -1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[cap]\n</code></pre> knapsack.go<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, cap+1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c := cap; c &gt;= 1; c-- {\nif wgt[i-1] &lt;= c {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{knapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = weight.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt; 0; c--) {\nif (weight[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in stride(from: cap, through: 1, by: -1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.zig<pre><code>// 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDPComp(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\nvar n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvar c = cap;\nwhile (c &gt; 0) : (c -= 1) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt; c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int c = cap; c &gt;= 1; c--) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c) {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in (1..=cap).rev() {\nif wgt[i - 1] &lt;= c as i32 {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\ndp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/","title":"14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u89c4\u907f\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002</li> <li>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u9012\u5f52\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5982\u540c\u201c\u586b\u5199\u8868\u683c\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002</li> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u6307\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5feb\u901f\u6c42\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</p> <ul> <li>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5177\u6709 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u548c\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002</li> <li>\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u91cf\u65e0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</li> <li>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5927\u201d\u4ef7\u503c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u201d\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\max()\\) \u5e94\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u5230\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II \u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4ece \\(\\min()\\) \u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898</p> <ul> <li>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3002</li> <li>\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002\u5f53 \\(s[i] \\ne t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6784\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(s[i] = t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u6b63\u5e8f\u6216\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/","title":"14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6c42\u89e3\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u518d\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1451","title":"14.5.1 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6b21\u6570\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ece\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\]"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u9053\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u4ece \\(i-1\\) \u53d8\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust unbounded_knapsack.java<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.py<pre><code>def unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor c in range(1, cap + 1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.go<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor c := 1; c &lt;= cap; c++ {\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDP}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDP}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDP}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.zig<pre><code>// \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..cap + 1) |c| {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor c in 1..=cap {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][cap];\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u753b\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 <code>dp</code> \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4\u5220\u9664\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust unbounded_knapsack.java<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.py<pre><code>def unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(wgt)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor c in range(1, cap + 1):\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\nreturn dp[cap]\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.go<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\nn := len(wgt)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, cap+1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor c := 1; c &lt;= cap; c++ {\nif wgt[i-1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{unboundedKnapsackDPComp}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.swift<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = wgt.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.zig<pre><code>// \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDPComp(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = wgt.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..cap + 1) |c| {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\nint n = wgt.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int c = 1; c &lt;= cap; c++) {\nif (wgt[i - 1] &gt; c) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[cap];\n}\n</code></pre> unbounded_knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], cap: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = wgt.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor c in 1..=cap {\nif wgt[i - 1] &gt; c as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\ndp[c] = dp[c];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\ndp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n}\n}\n}\ndp[cap]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1452","title":"14.5.2 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e24\u9053\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868</p> <p>\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, a]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, a]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt+1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b</p> <p>\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u672c\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u5c06\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 \\(\\max()\\) \u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4f18\u5316\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u800c\u975e\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9009\u4e2d\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\u6267\u884c \\(+1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ul> \\[ dp[i, a] = \\min(dp[i-1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] + 1) \\] <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f</p> <p>\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u51d1\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u610f \\(&gt; 0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\min()\\) \u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 \\(+ \\infty\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(+ \\infty\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b \\(+ \\infty\\) \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u578b <code>int</code> \u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(+ 1\\) \u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b57 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51d1\u51fa \\(amt\\) \u7684\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \u4e2a\u3002</p> <p>\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad \\(dp[n, amt]\\) \u662f\u5426\u7b49\u4e8e \\(amt + 1\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.py<pre><code>def coin_change_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\nMAX = amt + 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\ndp[0][a] = MAX\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\nreturn dp[n][amt] if dp[n][amt] != MAX else -1\n</code></pre> coin_change.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\nmax := amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\ndp[0][a] = max\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i-1][a]), float64(dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[n][amt] != max {\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0, a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i, a] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, amt] != MAX ? dp[n, amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\nlet MAX = amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\ncomptime var max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\ndp[0][a] = max;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = @min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif (dp[n][amt] != max) {\nreturn @intCast(dp[n][amt]);\n} else {\nreturn -1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\ndp[0][a] = MAX;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\nlet max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\nfor a in 1..= amt {\ndp[0][a] = max;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = std::cmp::min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[n][amt] != max { return dp[n][amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt;&lt;13&gt;&lt;14&gt;&lt;15&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u4e00\u81f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\nArrays.fill(dp, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(amt + 1, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.py<pre><code>def coin_change_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\nMAX = amt + 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [MAX] * (amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 0\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\nreturn dp[amt] if dp[amt] != MAX else -1\n</code></pre> coin_change.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\nmax := amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, amt+1)\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= amt; i++ {\ndp[i] = max\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[a]), float64(dp[a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[amt] != max {\nreturn dp[amt]\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\nArray.Fill(dp, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = Math.Min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\nlet MAX = amt + 1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: MAX, count: amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 0\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\ncomptime var max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\n@memset(&amp;dp, max);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = @min(dp[a], dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif (dp[amt] != max) {\nreturn @intCast(dp[amt]);\n} else {\nreturn -1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\nint MAX = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(amt + 1, MAX);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp_comp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\nlet max = amt + 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\ndp.fill(max);\ndp[0] = 0;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = std::cmp::min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n}\n}\n}\nif dp[amt] != max { return dp[amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1453-ii","title":"14.5.3 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"<p>\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u800c \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt + 1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u4e0e\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> \\[ dp[i, a] = dp[i-1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] \\] <p>\u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u5e01\u5373\u53ef\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u3002\u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55 \\(&gt;0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp(n + 1, vector&lt;int&gt;(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.py<pre><code>def coin_change_ii_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i in range(n + 1):\ndp[i][0] = 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([][]int, n+1)\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i := 0; i &lt;= n; i++ {\ndp[i][0] = 1\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u5217\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a] + dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDP}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i, 0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n, amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i in stride(from: 0, through: n, by: 1) {\ndp[i][0] = 1\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (0..n + 1) |i| {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) =&gt; List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt;= n; i++) {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[n][amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\nfor i in 0..= n {\ndp[i][0] = 1;\n}\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n}\n}\n}\ndp[n][amt]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29","text":"<p>\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u786c\u5e01\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change_ii.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.size();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvector&lt;int&gt; dp(amt + 1, 0);\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.py<pre><code>def coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\nn = len(coins)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp = [0] * (amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 1\n# \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in range(1, n + 1):\n# \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a in range(1, amt + 1):\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a:\n# \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\nelse:\n# \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\nreturn dp[amt]\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\nn := len(coins)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\ndp := make([]int, amt+1)\ndp[0] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i := 1; i &lt;= n; i++ {\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor a := 1; a &lt;= amt; a++ {\nif coins[i-1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a-coins[i-1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeIIDPComp}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.Length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nint[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.swift<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet n = coins.count\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1)\ndp[0] = 1\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\nfor a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a]\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt]\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.zig<pre><code>// \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\ncomptime var n = coins.len;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nvar dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (1..n + 1) |i| {\nfor (1..amt + 1) |a| {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\nint n = coins.length;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nList&lt;int&gt; dp = List.filled(amt + 1, 0);\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt;= n; i++) {\nfor (int a = 1; a &lt;= amt; a++) {\nif (coins[i - 1] &gt; a) {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn dp[amt];\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_ii.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: &amp;[i32], amt: usize) -&gt; i32 {\nlet n = coins.len();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\nlet mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\ndp[0] = 1;\n// \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\nfor i in 1..=n {\nfor a in 1..=amt {\nif coins[i - 1] &gt; a as i32 {\n// \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\ndp[a] = dp[a];\n} else {\n// \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\ndp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n}\n}\n}\ndp[amt]\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/","title":"\u7b2c 9 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5728\u751f\u547d\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u65e0\u6570\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u76f8\u8bc6\u4e0e\u76f8\u79bb\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5370\u8bb0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe</li> <li>9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c</li> <li>9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386</li> <li>9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/","title":"9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"<p>\u300c\u56fe graph\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u300c\u9876\u70b9 vertex\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe \\(G\\) \u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9 \\(V\\) \u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9 \\(E\\) \u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 5 \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c 7 \u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} V &amp; = \\{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \\} \\newline E &amp; = \\{ (1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (4,5) \\} \\newline G &amp; = \\{ V, E \\} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u56fe\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u9876\u70b9\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u628a\u8fb9\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5c06\u56fe\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u62d3\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#911","title":"9.1.1 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u8fb9\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u65e0\u5411\u56fe undirected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6709\u5411\u56fe directed graph\u300d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u4fe1\u6216 QQ \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u5373 \\(A \\rightarrow B\\) \u548c \\(A \\leftarrow B\\) \u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u535a\u6216\u6296\u97f3\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe </p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe connected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe disconnected graph\u300d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u5176\u4f59\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e0e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u6743\u91cd\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u300c\u6709\u6743\u56fe weighted graph\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u738b\u8005\u8363\u8000\u7b49\u624b\u6e38\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u73a9\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u6743\u56fe </p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#912","title":"9.1.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed","text":"<ul> <li>\u300c\u90bb\u63a5 adjacency\u300d\uff1a\u5f53\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 1 \u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u4e3a\u9876\u70b9 2\u30013\u30015\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u8def\u5f84 path\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u70b9 A \u5230\u9876\u70b9 B \u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece A \u5230 B \u7684\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217 1-5-2-4 \u662f\u9876\u70b9 1 \u5230\u9876\u70b9 4 \u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u300c\u5165\u5ea6 In-Degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u5ea6 Out-Degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u4ece\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6307\u51fa\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#913","title":"9.1.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a","text":"<p>\u56fe\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjacency matrix\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bbe\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3a \\(M\\) \u3001\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e3a \\(V\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20 \\(M[i, j] = 1\\) \u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[i]\\) \u5230\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[j]\\) \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b \\(M[i, j] = 0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ece \\(1\\) , \\(0\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868","text":"<p>\u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 adjacency list\u300d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u6761\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff09\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u8fb9\u7684\u603b\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e \\(n^2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u5982\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#914","title":"9.1.4 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f85\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fe </p> \u9876\u70b9 \u8fb9 \u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc \u7528\u6237 \u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb \u6f5c\u5728\u597d\u53cb\u63a8\u8350 \u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def \u7ad9\u70b9 \u7ad9\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027 \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u7ebf\u63a8\u8350 \u592a\u9633\u7cfb \u661f\u4f53 \u661f\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u4f5c\u7528 \u884c\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/","title":"9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u56fe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#921","title":"9.2.1 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002</li> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u586b \\(0\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u5f53\u5220\u9664\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06 \\((n-1)^2\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u5411\u5de6\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u4f20\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 <code>vertices</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 <code>adjMat</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_adjacency_matrix.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; vertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nList&lt;List&lt;Integer&gt;&gt; adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\nthis.vertices = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nthis.adjMat = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (int val : vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int[] e : edges) {\naddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn vertices.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.add(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nList&lt;Integer&gt; newRow = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(n);\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.add(0);\n}\nadjMat.add(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (List&lt;Integer&gt; row : adjMat) {\nrow.add(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (List&lt;Integer&gt; row : adjMat) {\nrow.remove(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat.get(i).set(j, 1);\nadjMat.get(j).set(i, 1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nadjMat.get(i).set(j, 0);\nadjMat.get(j).set(i, 0);\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\npublic void print() {\nSystem.out.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\nSystem.out.println(vertices);\nSystem.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\nPrintUtil.printMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nvector&lt;int&gt; vertices;       // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjMat(const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;vertices, const vector&lt;vector&lt;int&gt;&gt; &amp;edges) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (int val : vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (const vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;edge : edges) {\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() const {\nreturn vertices.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.push_back(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nadjMat.emplace_back(vector&lt;int&gt;(n, 0));\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;row : adjMat) {\nrow.push_back(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size()) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.erase(vertices.begin() + index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.erase(adjMat.begin() + index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;row : adjMat) {\nrow.erase(row.begin() + index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1;\nadjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n}\nadjMat[i][j] = 0;\nadjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid print() {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \";\nprintVector(vertices);\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nprintVectorMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n};\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.py<pre><code>class GraphAdjMat:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\n# \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvertices: list[int] = []\n# \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadj_mat: list[list[int]] = []\ndef __init__(self, vertices: list[int], edges: list[list[int]]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.vertices: list[int] = []\nself.adj_mat: list[list[int]] = []\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor val in vertices:\nself.add_vertex(val)\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n# \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor e in edges:\nself.add_edge(e[0], e[1])\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.vertices)\ndef add_vertex(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nn = self.size()\n# \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nself.vertices.append(val)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nnew_row = [0] * n\nself.adj_mat.append(new_row)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor row in self.adj_mat:\nrow.append(0)\ndef remove_vertex(self, index: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nif index &gt;= self.size():\nraise IndexError()\n# \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nself.vertices.pop(index)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nself.adj_mat.pop(index)\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor row in self.adj_mat:\nrow.pop(index)\ndef add_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\n# \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0 or i &gt;= self.size() or j &gt;= self.size() or i == j:\nraise IndexError()\n# \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 1\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 1\ndef remove_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\n# \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 or j &lt; 0 or i &gt;= self.size() or j &gt;= self.size() or i == j:\nraise IndexError()\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 0\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 0\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\"\"\"\nprint(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 =\", self.vertices)\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\nprint_matrix(self.adj_mat)\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjMat struct {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvertices []int\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadjMat [][]int\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjMat(vertices []int, edges [][]int) *graphAdjMat {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nn := len(vertices)\nadjMat := make([][]int, n)\nfor i := range adjMat {\nadjMat[i] = make([]int, n)\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u56fe\ng := &amp;graphAdjMat{\nvertices: vertices,\nadjMat:   adjMat,\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i := range edges {\ng.addEdge(edges[i][0], edges[i][1])\n}\nreturn g\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) size() int {\nreturn len(g.vertices)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addVertex(val int) {\nn := g.size()\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\ng.vertices = append(g.vertices, val)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nnewRow := make([]int, n)\ng.adjMat = append(g.adjMat, newRow)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor i := range g.adjMat {\ng.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i], 0)\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeVertex(index int) {\nif index &gt;= g.size() {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\ng.vertices = append(g.vertices[:index], g.vertices[index+1:]...)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\ng.adjMat = append(g.adjMat[:index], g.adjMat[index+1:]...)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor i := range g.adjMat {\ng.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i][:index], g.adjMat[i][index+1:]...)\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addEdge(i, j int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= g.size() || j &gt;= g.size() || i == j {\nfmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\ng.adjMat[i][j] = 1\ng.adjMat[j][i] = 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeEdge(i, j int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= g.size() || j &gt;= g.size() || i == j {\nfmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n}\ng.adjMat[i][j] = 0\ng.adjMat[j][i] = 0\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) print() {\nfmt.Printf(\"\\t\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = %v\\n\", g.vertices)\nfmt.Printf(\"\\t\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \\n\")\nfor i := range g.adjMat {\nfmt.Printf(\"\\t\\t\\t%v\\n\", g.adjMat[i])\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nvertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nconstructor(vertices, edges) {\nthis.vertices = [];\nthis.adjMat = [];\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const val of vertices) {\nthis.addVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (const e of edges) {\nthis.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize() {\nreturn this.vertices.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(val) {\nconst n = this.size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nthis.vertices.push(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nconst newRow = [];\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.push(0);\n}\nthis.adjMat.push(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.push(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(index) {\nif (index &gt;= this.size()) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nthis.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nthis.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\naddEdge(i, j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nremoveEdge(i, j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nprint() {\nconsole.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nvertices: number[]; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nadjMat: number[][]; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nconstructor(vertices: number[], edges: number[][]) {\nthis.vertices = [];\nthis.adjMat = [];\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const val of vertices) {\nthis.addVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (const e of edges) {\nthis.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.vertices.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(val: number): void {\nconst n: number = this.size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nthis.vertices.push(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nconst newRow: number[] = [];\nfor (let j: number = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.push(0);\n}\nthis.adjMat.push(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.push(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(index: number): void {\nif (index &gt;= this.size()) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nthis.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nthis.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (const row of this.adjMat) {\nrow.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\naddEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nremoveEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size() || j &gt;= this.size() || i === j) {\nthrow new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n}\nthis.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\nthis.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nprint(): void {\nconsole.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784 */\nstruct graphAdjMat {\nint *vertices;         // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\nunsigned int **adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nunsigned int size;     // \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nunsigned int capacity; // \u56fe\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct graphAdjMat graphAdjMat;\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size || i == j) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = 1;\nt-&gt;adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size || i == j) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = 0;\nt-&gt;adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(graphAdjMat *t, int val) {\n// \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u9884\u8bbe\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4\nif (t-&gt;size &lt; t-&gt;capacity) {\nt-&gt;vertices[t-&gt;size] = val; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u503c\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][t-&gt;size] = 0; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u65b0\u5217\u9635\u7f6e0\n}\nmemset(t-&gt;adjMat[t-&gt;size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size + 1)); // \u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u884c\u7f6e 0\nt-&gt;size++;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u7ec4\nint *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (t-&gt;size * 2));\nmemcpy(temp, t-&gt;vertices, sizeof(int) * t-&gt;size);\ntemp[t-&gt;size] = val;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\nfree(t-&gt;vertices);\nt-&gt;vertices = temp;\n// \u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\nunsigned int **tempMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * t-&gt;size * 2);\nunsigned int *tempMatLine = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size * 2) * (t-&gt;size * 2));\nmemset(tempMatLine, 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size * 2) * (t-&gt;size * 2));\nfor (int k = 0; k &lt; t-&gt;size * 2; k++) {\ntempMat[k] = tempMatLine + k * (t-&gt;size * 2);\n}\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nmemcpy(tempMat[i], t-&gt;adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * t-&gt;size); // \u539f\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n}\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\ntempMat[i][t-&gt;size] = 0; // \u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u5217\u7f6e 0\n}\nmemset(tempMat[t-&gt;size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t-&gt;size + 1)); // \u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u884c\u7f6e 0\n// \u91ca\u653e\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\nfree(t-&gt;adjMat[0]);\nfree(t-&gt;adjMat);\n// \u6269\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u5730\u5740\nt-&gt;adjMat = tempMat;  // \u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5730\u5740\nt-&gt;capacity = t-&gt;size * 2;\nt-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(graphAdjMat *t, unsigned int index) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; i++) {\nt-&gt;vertices[i] = t-&gt;vertices[i + 1]; // \u6e05\u9664\u5220\u9664\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u540e\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u524d\u79fb\n}\nt-&gt;vertices[t-&gt;size - 1] = 0; // \u5c06\u88ab\u524d\u79fb\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7f6e 0\n// \u6e05\u9664\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5217\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; i++) {\nif (i &lt; index) {\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; j++) {\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = t-&gt;adjMat[i][j + 1]; // \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5217\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u524d\u79fb\n}\n} else { memcpy(t-&gt;adjMat[i], t-&gt;adjMat[i + 1], sizeof(unsigned int) * t-&gt;size); // \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u884c\u7684\u4e0b\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e0a\u79fb\nfor (int j = index; j &lt; t-&gt;size; j++) {\nt-&gt;adjMat[i][j] = t-&gt;adjMat[i][j + 1]; // \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5217\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u524d\u79fb\n}\n}\n}\nt-&gt;size--;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u9876\u70b9\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printGraph(graphAdjMat *t) {\nif (t-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"graph is empty\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\nprintf(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = [\");\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nif (i != t-&gt;size - 1) {\nprintf(\"%d, \", t-&gt;vertices[i]);\n} else {\nprintf(\"%d\", t-&gt;vertices[i]);\n}\n}\nprintf(\"]\\n\");\nprintf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\\n[\\n\");\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nprintf(\"  [\");\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; t-&gt;size; j++) {\nif (j != t-&gt;size - 1) {\nprintf(\"%u, \", t-&gt;adjMat[i][j]);\n} else {\nprintf(\"%u\", t-&gt;adjMat[i][j]);\n}\n}\nprintf(\"],\\n\");\n}\nprintf(\"]\\n\");\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\ngraphAdjMat *newGraphAjdMat(unsigned int numberVertices, int *vertices, unsigned int **adjMat) {\n// \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\ngraphAdjMat *newGraph = (graphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjMat));                                          // \u4e3a\u56fe\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;vertices = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2);                                        // \u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;adjMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * numberVertices * 2);                     // \u4e3a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5206\u914d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5185\u5b58\nunsigned int *temp = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices * 2 * numberVertices * 2); // \u4e3a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u7ef4\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;size = numberVertices;                                                                             // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nnewGraph-&gt;capacity = numberVertices * 2;                                                                     // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u56fe\u5bb9\u91cf\n// \u914d\u7f6e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numberVertices * 2; i++) {\nnewGraph-&gt;adjMat[i] = temp + i * numberVertices * 2; // \u5c06\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\n}\n// \u8d4b\u503c\nmemcpy(newGraph-&gt;vertices, vertices, sizeof(int) * numberVertices);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numberVertices; i++) {\nmemcpy(newGraph-&gt;adjMat[i], adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices); // \u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5185\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6307\u9488\nreturn newGraph;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nList&lt;int&gt; vertices;     // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\npublic GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\nthis.vertices = new List&lt;int&gt;();\nthis.adjMat = new List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nforeach (int val in vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nforeach (int[] e in edges) {\naddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn vertices.Count;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.Add(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nList&lt;int&gt; newRow = new List&lt;int&gt;(n);\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; n; j++) {\nnewRow.Add(0);\n}\nadjMat.Add(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nforeach (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.Add(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size())\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.RemoveAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.RemoveAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nforeach (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.RemoveAt(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1;\nadjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npublic void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j)\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\nadjMat[i][j] = 0;\nadjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\npublic void print() {\nConsole.Write(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\nPrintUtil.PrintList(vertices);\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\nPrintUtil.PrintMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nprivate var vertices: [Int] // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nprivate var adjMat: [[Int]] // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit(vertices: [Int], edges: [[Int]]) {\nself.vertices = []\nadjMat = []\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor val in vertices {\naddVertex(val: val)\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor e in edges {\naddEdge(i: e[0], j: e[1])\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nvertices.count\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc addVertex(val: Int) {\nlet n = size()\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.append(val)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nlet newRow = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\nadjMat.append(newRow)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor i in adjMat.indices {\nadjMat[i].append(0)\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc removeVertex(index: Int) {\nif index &gt;= size() {\nfatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.remove(at: index)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.remove(at: index)\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor i in adjMat.indices {\nadjMat[i].remove(at: index)\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc addEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j {\nfatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1\nadjMat[j][i] = 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc removeEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j {\nfatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n}\nadjMat[i][j] = 0\nadjMat[j][i] = 0\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nfunc print() {\nSwift.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \", terminator: \"\")\nSwift.print(vertices)\nSwift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\nPrintUtil.printMatrix(matrix: adjMat)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\nList&lt;int&gt; vertices = []; // \u9876\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nList&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; adjMat = []; //\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjMat(List&lt;int&gt; vertices, List&lt;List&lt;int&gt;&gt; edges) {\nthis.vertices = [];\nthis.adjMat = [];\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor (int val in vertices) {\naddVertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (List&lt;int&gt; e in edges) {\naddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn vertices.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(int val) {\nint n = size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nvertices.add(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nList&lt;int&gt; newRow = List.filled(n, 0, growable: true);\nadjMat.add(newRow);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.add(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(int index) {\nif (index &gt;= size()) {\nthrow IndexError;\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvertices.removeAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nadjMat.removeAt(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor (List&lt;int&gt; row in adjMat) {\nrow.removeAt(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow IndexError;\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nadjMat[i][j] = 1;\nadjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() || j &gt;= size() || i == j) {\nthrow IndexError;\n}\nadjMat[i][j] = 0;\nadjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printAdjMat() {\nprint(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = $vertices\");\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \");\nprintMatrix(adjMat);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_matrix.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjMat {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\npub vertices: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\npub adj_mat: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl GraphAdjMat {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(vertices: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, edges: Vec&lt;[usize; 2]&gt;) -&gt; Self {\nlet mut graph = GraphAdjMat {\nvertices: vec![],\nadj_mat: vec![],\n};\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\nfor val in vertices {\ngraph.add_vertex(val);\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfor edge in edges {\ngraph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\n}\ngraph\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.vertices.len()\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npub fn add_vertex(&amp;mut self, val: i32) {\nlet n = self.size();\n// \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\nself.vertices.push(val);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\nself.adj_mat.push(vec![0; n]);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\nfor row in &amp;mut self.adj_mat {\nrow.push(0);\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npub fn remove_vertex(&amp;mut self, index: usize) {\nif index &gt;= self.size() {\npanic!(\"index error\")\n}\n// \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\nself.vertices.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\nself.adj_mat.remove(index);\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\nfor row in &amp;mut self.adj_mat {\nrow.remove(index);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npub fn add_edge(&amp;mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &gt;= self.size() || j &gt;= self.size() || i == j {\npanic!(\"index error\")\n}\n// \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6cbf\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 1;\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\npub fn remove_edge(&amp;mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n// \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\nif i &gt;= self.size() || j &gt;= self.size() || i == j {\npanic!(\"index error\")\n}\nself.adj_mat[i][j] = 0;\nself.adj_mat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\npub fn print(&amp;self) {\nprintln!(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = {:?}\", self.vertices);\nprintln!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\nprintln!(\"[\");\nfor row in &amp;self.adj_mat {\nprintln!(\"  {:?},\", row);\n}\nprintln!(\"]\")\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#922","title":"9.2.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3001\u8fb9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002</li> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u9876\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(2m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>Vertex</code> \u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u8fc7\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u503c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u533a\u5206\u3002</li> <li>\u5982\u679c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d \\(&gt; i\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5168\u90e8\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u9876\u70b9\u7c7b <code>Vertex</code> \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u6539\u52a8\u5176\u4f59\u9876\u70b9\u4e86\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_adjacency_list.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nMap&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; adjList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\nthis.adjList = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (Vertex[] edge : edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn adjList.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npublic void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new IllegalArgumentException();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList.get(vet1).add(vet2);\nadjList.get(vet2).add(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\npublic void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new IllegalArgumentException();\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList.get(vet1).remove(vet2);\nadjList.get(vet2).remove(vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (adjList.containsKey(vet))\nreturn;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.put(vet, new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet))\nthrow new IllegalArgumentException();\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.remove(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (List&lt;Vertex&gt; list : adjList.values()) {\nlist.remove(vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nfor (Map.Entry&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; pair : adjList.entrySet()) {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; tmp = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Vertex vertex : pair.getValue())\ntmp.add(vertex.val);\nSystem.out.println(pair.getKey().val + \": \" + tmp + \",\");\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\npublic:\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nunordered_map&lt;Vertex *, vector&lt;Vertex *&gt;&gt; adjList;\n/* \u5728 vector \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(vector&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;vec, Vertex *vet) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; vec.size(); i++) {\nif (vec[i] == vet) {\nvec.erase(vec.begin() + i);\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjList(const vector&lt;vector&lt;Vertex *&gt;&gt; &amp;edges) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (const vector&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;edge : edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn adjList.size();\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\nif (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1].push_back(vet2);\nadjList[vet2].push_back(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\nif (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nremove(adjList[vet1], vet2);\nremove(adjList[vet2], vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(Vertex *vet) {\nif (adjList.count(vet))\nreturn;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList[vet] = vector&lt;Vertex *&gt;();\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(Vertex *vet) {\nif (!adjList.count(vet))\nthrow invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.erase(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (auto &amp;adj : adjList) {\nremove(adj.second, vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nfor (auto &amp;adj : adjList) {\nconst auto &amp;key = adj.first;\nconst auto &amp;vec = adj.second;\ncout &lt;&lt; key-&gt;val &lt;&lt; \": \";\nprintVector(vetsToVals(vec));\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.py<pre><code>class GraphAdjList:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, edges: list[list[Vertex]]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n# \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nself.adj_list = dict[Vertex, Vertex]()\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor edge in edges:\nself.add_vertex(edge[0])\nself.add_vertex(edge[1])\nself.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.adj_list)\ndef add_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\nif vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\nraise ValueError()\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list[vet1].append(vet2)\nself.adj_list[vet2].append(vet1)\ndef remove_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\nif vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\nraise ValueError()\n# \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list[vet1].remove(vet2)\nself.adj_list[vet2].remove(vet1)\ndef add_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nif vet in self.adj_list:\nreturn\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list[vet] = []\ndef remove_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\nif vet not in self.adj_list:\nraise ValueError()\n# \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list.pop(vet)\n# \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor vertex in self.adj_list:\nif vet in self.adj_list[vertex]:\nself.adj_list[vertex].remove(vet)\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\"\"\"\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\nfor vertex in self.adj_list:\ntmp = [v.val for v in self.adj_list[vertex]]\nprint(f\"{vertex.val}: {tmp},\")\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjList struct {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nadjList map[Vertex][]Vertex\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjList(edges [][]Vertex) *graphAdjList {\ng := &amp;graphAdjList{\nadjList: make(map[Vertex][]Vertex),\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor _, edge := range edges {\ng.addVertex(edge[0])\ng.addVertex(edge[1])\ng.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1])\n}\nreturn g\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) size() int {\nreturn len(g.adjList)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\nif !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\npanic(\"error\")\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2, \u6dfb\u52a0\u533f\u540d struct{},\ng.adjList[vet1] = append(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\ng.adjList[vet2] = append(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\nif !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\npanic(\"error\")\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\ng.adjList[vet1] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\ng.adjList[vet2] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet Vertex) {\n_, ok := g.adjList[vet]\nif ok {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\ng.adjList[vet] = make([]Vertex, 0)\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet Vertex) {\n_, ok := g.adjList[vet]\nif !ok {\npanic(\"error\")\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\ndelete(g.adjList, vet)\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor v, list := range g.adjList {\ng.adjList[v] = DeleteSliceElms(list, vet)\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) print() {\nvar builder strings.Builder\nfmt.Printf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 = \\n\")\nfor k, v := range g.adjList {\nbuilder.WriteString(\"\\t\\t\" + strconv.Itoa(k.Val) + \": \")\nfor _, vet := range v {\nbuilder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.Val) + \" \")\n}\nfmt.Println(builder.String())\nbuilder.Reset()\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nadjList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(edges) {\nthis.adjList = new Map();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (const edge of edges) {\nthis.addVertex(edge[0]);\nthis.addVertex(edge[1]);\nthis.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize() {\nreturn this.adjList.size;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\naddEdge(vet1, vet2) {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nremoveEdge(vet1, vet2) {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(vet) {\nif (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.set(vet, []);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(vet) {\nif (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.delete(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\nconst index = set.indexOf(vet);\nif (index &gt; -1) {\nset.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nprint() {\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\nfor (const [key, value] of this.adjList) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (const vertex of value) {\ntmp.push(vertex.val);\n}\nconsole.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nadjList: Map&lt;Vertex, Vertex[]&gt;;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(edges: Vertex[][]) {\nthis.adjList = new Map();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor (const edge of edges) {\nthis.addVertex(edge[0]);\nthis.addVertex(edge[1]);\nthis.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.adjList.size;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\naddEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nremoveEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\nif (\n!this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n!this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\nvet1 === vet2\n) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nthis.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\nthis.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\naddVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\nif (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.set(vet, []);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nremoveVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\nif (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\nthrow new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nthis.adjList.delete(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\nconst index: number = set.indexOf(vet);\nif (index &gt; -1) {\nset.splice(index, 1);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nprint(): void {\nconsole.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\nfor (const [key, value] of this.adjList.entries()) {\nconst tmp = [];\nfor (const vertex of value) {\ntmp.push(vertex.val);\n}\nconsole.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784 */\nstruct graphAdjList {\nVertex **verticesList; // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\nunsigned int size;     // \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nunsigned int capacity; // \u9876\u70b9\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct graphAdjList graphAdjList;\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i == j || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6b32\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u7684\u9876\u70b9 vet1 - vet2\nVertex *vet1 = t-&gt;verticesList[i];\nVertex *vet2 = t-&gt;verticesList[j];\n// \u8fde\u63a5\u9876\u70b9 vet1 - vet2\npushBack(vet1-&gt;linked, vet2);\npushBack(vet2-&gt;linked, vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (i &lt; 0 || j &lt; 0 || i == j || i &gt;= t-&gt;size || j &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6b32\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u7684\u9876\u70b9 vet1 - vet2\nVertex *vet1 = t-&gt;verticesList[i];\nVertex *vet2 = t-&gt;verticesList[j];\n// \u79fb\u9664\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nremoveLink(vet1-&gt;linked, vet2);\nremoveLink(vet2-&gt;linked, vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(graphAdjList *t, int val) {\n// \u82e5\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u6269\u5bb9\nif (t-&gt;size &gt;= t-&gt;capacity) {\nVertex **tempList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * 2 * t-&gt;capacity);\nmemcpy(tempList, t-&gt;verticesList, sizeof(Vertex *) * t-&gt;size);\nfree(t-&gt;verticesList);         // \u91ca\u653e\u539f\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5185\u5b58\nt-&gt;verticesList = tempList;    // \u6307\u5411\u65b0\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\nt-&gt;capacity = t-&gt;capacity * 2; // \u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5927\u81f32\u500d\n}\n// \u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u5165\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\nVertex *newV = newVertex(val);    // \u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\nnewV-&gt;pos = t-&gt;size;              // \u4e3a\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6807\nnewV-&gt;linked = newLinklist(newV); // \u4e3a\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u8868\nt-&gt;verticesList[t-&gt;size] = newV;  // \u5c06\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\nt-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(graphAdjList *t, unsigned int index) {\n// \u8d8a\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\nif (index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= t-&gt;size) {\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nexit(1);\n}\nVertex *vet = t-&gt;verticesList[index]; // \u67e5\u627e\u5f85\u5220\u8282\u70b9\nif (vet == 0) {                       // \u82e5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nprintf(\"index is:%d\\n\", index);\nprintf(\"Out of range in %s:%d\\n\", __FILE__, __LINE__);\nreturn;\n}\n// \u904d\u5386\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u7ed3\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\nNode *temp = vet-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nwhile (temp != 0) {\nremoveLink(temp-&gt;val-&gt;linked, vet); // \u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fb9\ntemp = temp-&gt;next;                }\n// \u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u524d\u79fb\nfor (int i = index; i &lt; t-&gt;size - 1; i++) {\nt-&gt;verticesList[i] = t-&gt;verticesList[i + 1]; // \u9876\u70b9\u524d\u79fb\nt-&gt;verticesList[i]-&gt;pos--;                   // \u6240\u6709\u524d\u79fb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u503c\u51cf1\n}\nt-&gt;verticesList[t-&gt;size - 1] = 0; // \u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7f6e 0\nt-&gt;size--;\n//\u91ca\u653e\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\nfreeVertex(vet);\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u9876\u70b9\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printGraph(graphAdjList *t) {\nprintf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868  =\\n\");\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; t-&gt;size; i++) {\nNode *n = t-&gt;verticesList[i]-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nprintf(\"%d: [\", t-&gt;verticesList[i]-&gt;val);\nwhile (n != 0) {\nif (n-&gt;next != 0) {\nprintf(\"%d, \", n-&gt;val-&gt;val);\n} else {\nprintf(\"%d\", n-&gt;val-&gt;val);\n}\nn = n-&gt;next;\n}\nprintf(\"]\\n\");\n}\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\ngraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList(unsigned int verticesCapacity) {\n// \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\ngraphAdjList *newGraph = (graphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjList));\n// \u5efa\u7acb\u9876\u70b9\u8868\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nnewGraph-&gt;verticesList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // \u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\nmemset(newGraph-&gt;verticesList, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity);          // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u7f6e 0\nnewGraph-&gt;size = 0;                                                              // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\nnewGraph-&gt;capacity = verticesCapacity;                                           // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9876\u70b9\u5bb9\u91cf\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u56fe\u6307\u9488\nreturn newGraph;                }\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\npublic Dictionary&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; adjList;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\npublic GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\nthis.adjList = new Dictionary&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt;();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nforeach (Vertex[] edge in edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn adjList.Count;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npublic void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1].Add(vet2);\nadjList[vet2].Add(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\npublic void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1].Remove(vet2);\nadjList[vet2].Remove(vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\nreturn;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.Add(vet, new List&lt;Vertex&gt;());\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.Remove(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nforeach (List&lt;Vertex&gt; list in adjList.Values) {\nlist.Remove(vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nforeach (KeyValuePair&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; pair in adjList) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = new List&lt;int&gt;();\nforeach (Vertex vertex in pair.Value)\ntmp.Add(vertex.val);\nConsole.WriteLine(pair.Key.val + \": [\" + string.Join(\", \", tmp) + \"],\");\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\npublic private(set) var adjList: [Vertex: [Vertex]]\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic init(edges: [[Vertex]]) {\nadjList = [:]\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor edge in edges {\naddVertex(vet: edge[0])\naddVertex(vet: edge[1])\naddEdge(vet1: edge[0], vet2: edge[1])\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic func size() -&gt; Int {\nadjList.count\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npublic func addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\nfatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]?.append(vet2)\nadjList[vet2]?.append(vet1)\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\npublic func removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\nfatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet2 })\nadjList[vet2]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet1 })\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic func addVertex(vet: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet] != nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList[vet] = []\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\npublic func removeVertex(vet: Vertex) {\nif adjList[vet] == nil {\nfatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.removeValue(forKey: vet)\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor key in adjList.keys {\nadjList[key]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet })\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npublic func print() {\nSwift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\nfor pair in adjList {\nvar tmp: [Int] = []\nfor vertex in pair.value {\ntmp.append(vertex.val)\n}\nSwift.print(\"\\(pair.key.val): \\(tmp),\")\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.zig<pre><code>[class]{GraphAdjList}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nMap&lt;Vertex, List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; adjList = {};\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nGraphAdjList(List&lt;List&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt; edges) {\nfor (List&lt;Vertex&gt; edge in edges) {\naddVertex(edge[0]);\naddVertex(edge[1]);\naddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn adjList.length;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n!adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\nvet1 == vet2) {\nthrow ArgumentError;\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]!.add(vet2);\nadjList[vet2]!.add(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n!adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\nvet1 == vet2) {\nthrow ArgumentError;\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nadjList[vet1]!.remove(vet2);\nadjList[vet2]!.remove(vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (adjList.containsKey(vet)) return;\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nadjList[vet] = [];\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\nif (!adjList.containsKey(vet)) {\nthrow ArgumentError;\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nadjList.remove(vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nadjList.forEach((key, value) {\nvalue.remove(vet);\n});\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nvoid printAdjList() {\nprint(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nadjList.forEach((key, value) {\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = [];\nfor (Vertex vertex in value) {\ntmp.add(vertex.val);\n}\nprint(\"${key.val}: $tmp,\");\n});\n}\n}\n</code></pre> graph_adjacency_list.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjList {\n// \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey: \u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\npub adj_list: HashMap&lt;Vertex, Vec&lt;Vertex&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl GraphAdjList {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(edges: Vec&lt;[Vertex; 2]&gt;) -&gt; Self {\nlet mut graph = GraphAdjList {\nadj_list: HashMap::new(),\n};\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\nfor edge in edges {\ngraph.add_vertex(edge[0]);\ngraph.add_vertex(edge[1]);\ngraph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n}\ngraph\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n#[allow(unused)]\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.adj_list.len()\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\npub fn add_edge(&amp;mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n{\npanic!(\"value error\");\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list.get_mut(&amp;vet1).unwrap().push(vet2);\nself.adj_list.get_mut(&amp;vet2).unwrap().push(vet1);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n#[allow(unused)]\npub fn remove_edge(&amp;mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\nif !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n{\npanic!(\"value error\");\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\nself.adj_list\n.get_mut(&amp;vet1)\n.unwrap()\n.retain(|&amp;vet| vet != vet2);\nself.adj_list\n.get_mut(&amp;vet2)\n.unwrap()\n.retain(|&amp;vet| vet != vet1);\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\npub fn add_vertex(&amp;mut self, vet: Vertex) {\nif self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list.insert(vet, vec![]);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n#[allow(unused)]\npub fn remove_vertex(&amp;mut self, vet: Vertex) {\nif !self.adj_list.contains_key(&amp;vet) {\npanic!(\"value error\");\n}\n// \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nself.adj_list.remove(&amp;vet);\n// \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\nfor list in self.adj_list.values_mut() {\nlist.retain(|&amp;v| v != vet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\npub fn print(&amp;self) {\nprintln!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\nfor (vertex, list) in &amp;self.adj_list {\nlet list = list.iter().map(|vertex| vertex.val).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt;();\nprintln!(\"{}: {:?},\", vertex.val, list);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#923","title":"9.2.3 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u56fe\u4e2d\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e0b\u8868\u4e3a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u90bb\u63a5 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u8868\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fb9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/","title":"9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u56fe\u4e0e\u6811\u7684\u5173\u7cfb</p> <p>\u6811\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u5219\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u201c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6811\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u65f6\u878d\u4f1a\u8d2f\u901a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u6811\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 breadth-first search\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 depth-first search\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 BFS \u548c DFS \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#931","title":"9.3.1 \u00a0 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>BFS \u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u961f\u5217\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e BFS \u7684\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u9876\u70b9 <code>startVet</code> \u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u5faa\u73af\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f39\u51fa\u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u961f\u5217\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u904d\u5386\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u54ea\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_bfs.java<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;&gt;();\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nQueue&lt;Vertex&gt; que = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\nque.offer(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (!que.isEmpty()) {\nVertex vet = que.poll(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.add(vet);            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet))\ncontinue;        // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nque.offer(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList &amp;graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; res;\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nunordered_set&lt;Vertex *&gt; visited = {startVet};\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nqueue&lt;Vertex *&gt; que;\nque.push(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (!que.empty()) {\nVertex *vet = que.front();\nque.pop();          // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push_back(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (auto adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.count(adjVet))\ncontinue;            // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nque.push(adjVet);        // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.emplace(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.py<pre><code>def graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; list[Vertex]:\n\"\"\"\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS\"\"\"\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n# \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres = []\n# \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited = set[Vertex]([start_vet])\n# \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nque = deque[Vertex]([start_vet])\n# \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile len(que) &gt; 0:\nvet = que.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n# \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\nif adj_vet in visited:\ncontinue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nque.append(adj_vet)  # \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adj_vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.go<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres := make([]Vertex, 0)\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\nvisited[startVet] = struct{}{}\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS, \u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u62df\u961f\u5217\nqueue := make([]Vertex, 0)\nqueue = append(queue, startVet)\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nfor len(queue) &gt; 0 {\n// \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nvet := queue[0]\nqueue = queue[1:]\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nres = append(res, vet)\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n_, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n// \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nif !isExist {\nqueue = append(queue, adjVet)\nvisited[adjVet] = struct{}{}\n}\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.js<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph, startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited = new Set();\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nconst que = [startVet];\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.length) {\nconst vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res: Vertex[] = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = new Set();\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nconst que = [startVet];\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.length) {\nconst vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.c<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nVertex **graphBFS(graphAdjList *t, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nVertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * t-&gt;size);\nmemset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * t-&gt;size);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nqueue *que = newQueue(t-&gt;size);\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nhashTable *visited = newHash(t-&gt;size);\nint resIndex = 0;\nqueuePush(que, startVet);         // \u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\nhashMark(visited, startVet-&gt;pos); // \u6807\u8bb0\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5165\u961f\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que-&gt;head &lt; que-&gt;tail) {\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u8fb9\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u672a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nNode *n = queueTop(que)-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nwhile (n != 0) {\n// \u67e5\u8be2\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u82e5\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u5165\u961f\uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5165\u961f\u5e76\u6807\u8bb0\nif (hashQuery(visited, n-&gt;val-&gt;pos) == 1) {\nn = n-&gt;next;\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nqueuePush(que, n-&gt;val);         // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nhashMark(visited, n-&gt;val-&gt;pos); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\nres[resIndex] = queueTop(que); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nresIndex++;\nqueuePop(que); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfreeQueue(que);\nfreeHash(visited);\nresIndex = 0;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new List&lt;Vertex&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nHashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt;() { startVet };\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nQueue&lt;Vertex&gt; que = new Queue&lt;Vertex&gt;();\nque.Enqueue(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.Count &gt; 0) {\nVertex vet = que.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.Add(vet);               // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nforeach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue;          // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.Enqueue(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.Add(adjVet);   // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -&gt; [Vertex] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar res: [Vertex] = []\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvar visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = [startVet]\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nvar que: [Vertex] = [startVet]\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile !que.isEmpty {\nlet vet = que.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\nif visited.contains(adjVet) {\ncontinue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.append(adjVet) // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(adjVet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{graphBFS}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = {};\nvisited.add(startVet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nQueue&lt;Vertex&gt; que = Queue();\nque.add(startVet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile (que.isNotEmpty) {\nVertex vet = que.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.add(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_bfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 BFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vertex&gt; {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nlet mut res = vec![];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nlet mut visited = HashSet::new();\nvisited.insert(start_vet);\n// \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\nlet mut que = VecDeque::new();\nque.push_back(start_vet);\n// \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\nwhile !que.is_empty() {\nlet vet = que.pop_front().unwrap(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nif let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&amp;vet) {\nfor &amp;adj_vet in adj_vets {\nif visited.contains(&amp;adj_vet) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nque.push_back(adj_vet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(adj_vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n}\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u793a\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6309\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 \\(1\\) , \\(3\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u9876\u70b9 \\(2\\) , \\(4\\) , \\(6\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u4ea4\u6362\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u5165\u961f\u5e76\u51fa\u961f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5728\u904d\u5386\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \uff0c\u961f\u5217 <code>que</code> \u4e2d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#932","title":"9.3.2 \u00a0 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u518d\u56de\u5934\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934 + \u56de\u6eaf\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e BFS \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728 DFS \u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust graph_dfs.java<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList graph, Set&lt;Vertex&gt; visited, List&lt;Vertex&gt; res, Vertex vet) {\nres.add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet))\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList &amp;graph, unordered_set&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;visited, vector&lt;Vertex *&gt; &amp;res, Vertex *vet) {\nres.push_back(vet);   // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.emplace(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex *adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.count(adjVet))\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList &amp;graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvector&lt;Vertex *&gt; res;\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nunordered_set&lt;Vertex *&gt; visited;\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.py<pre><code>def dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: set[Vertex], res: list[Vertex], vet: Vertex):\n\"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nres.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n# \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adjVet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\nif adjVet in visited:\ncontinue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n# \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet)\ndef graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; list[Vertex]:\n\"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS\"\"\"\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n# \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres = []\n# \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited = set[Vertex]()\ndfs(graph, visited, res, start_vet)\nreturn res\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.go<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(g *graphAdjList, visited map[Vertex]struct{}, res *[]Vertex, vet Vertex) {\n// append \u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u539f\u5f15\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u65b0slice\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n*res = append(*res, vet)\nvisited[vet] = struct{}{}\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n_, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nif !isExist {\ndfs(g, visited, res, adjVet)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres := make([]Vertex, 0)\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvisited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\ndfs(g, visited, &amp;res, startVet)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.js<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction dfs(graph, visited, res, vet) {\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph, startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited = new Set();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction dfs(\ngraph: GraphAdjList,\nvisited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt;,\nres: Vertex[],\nvet: Vertex\n): void {\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\nif (visited.has(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst res: Vertex[] = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nconst visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = new Set();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.c<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nint resIndex = 0;\nvoid dfs(graphAdjList *graph, hashTable *visited, Vertex *vet, Vertex **res) {\nif (hashQuery(visited, vet-&gt;pos) == 1) {\nreturn; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\nhashMark(visited, vet-&gt;pos); // \u6807\u8bb0\u9876\u70b9\u5e76\u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\nres[resIndex] = vet;         // \u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u5b58\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\nresIndex++;\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u94fe\u8868\nNode *n = vet-&gt;linked-&gt;head-&gt;next;\nwhile (n != 0) {\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, n-&gt;val, res);\nn = n-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nVertex **graphDFS(graphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nVertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * graph-&gt;size);\nmemset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * graph-&gt;size);\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nhashTable *visited = newHash(graph-&gt;size);\ndfs(graph, visited, startVet, res);\n// \u91ca\u653e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u5f52\u96f6\nfreeHash(visited);\nresIndex = 0;\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList graph, HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited, List&lt;Vertex&gt; res, Vertex vet) {\nres.Add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.Add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nforeach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\nif (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9                             \n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = new List&lt;Vertex&gt;();\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nHashSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = new HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt;();\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: inout Set&lt;Vertex&gt;, res: inout [Vertex], vet: Vertex) {\nres.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(vet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\nif visited.contains(adjVet) {\ncontinue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph: graph, visited: &amp;visited, res: &amp;res, vet: adjVet)\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -&gt; [Vertex] {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar res: [Vertex] = []\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nvar visited: Set&lt;Vertex&gt; = []\ndfs(graph: graph, visited: &amp;visited, res: &amp;res, vet: startVet)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n[class]{}-[func]{graphDFS}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(\nGraphAdjList graph,\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited,\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res,\nVertex vet,\n) {\nres.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfor (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\nif (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Vertex&gt; res = [];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nSet&lt;Vertex&gt; visited = {};\ndfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> graph_dfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn dfs(graph: &amp;GraphAdjList, visited: &amp;mut HashSet&lt;Vertex&gt;, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;Vertex&gt;, vet: Vertex) {\nres.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\nvisited.insert(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n// \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nif let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&amp;vet) {\nfor &amp;adj_vet in adj_vets {\nif visited.contains(&amp;adj_vet) {\ncontinue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\ndfs(graph, visited, res, adj_vet);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 DFS */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -&gt; Vec&lt;Vertex&gt; {\n// \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nlet mut res = vec![];\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\nlet mut visited = HashSet::new();\ndfs(&amp;graph, &amp;mut visited, &amp;mut res, start_vet);\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u76f4\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u66f2\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4e86\u5f00\u542f\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u56fe\u793a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7b14\u753b\u4e0b\u6765\uff09\u6a21\u62df\u6574\u4e2a DFS \u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u3001\u4f55\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5148\u5f80\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u201c\u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a \u5217\u8868 <code>res</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 <code>visited</code> \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/","title":"9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u56fe\u7531\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002</li> <li>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002</li> <li>\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u5747\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6743\u91cd\u53d8\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5229\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fb9\u6216\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5728\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002</li> <li>\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u6761\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u5404\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6811\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u3001\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u65f6\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/#941-q-a","title":"9.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd8\u662f\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff1f</p> <p>\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices. \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002</p> <p>\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6709\u65e0\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7684\u70b9\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u904d\u5386\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff1f</p> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6781\u503c\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/","title":"\u7b2c 15 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u671d\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u4e00\u8f6e\u8f6e\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u5411\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898</li> <li>15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/","title":"15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u662f 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u672c\u9898\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7269\u54c1\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u5047\u8bbe\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(w\\) \uff0c\u5219\u80cc\u5305\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(w \\times val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"<p>\u6700\u5927\u5316\u80cc\u5305\u5185\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u6ee1\u80cc\u5305\u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b <code>Item</code> \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u80cc\u5305\u5df2\u6ee1\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u89e3\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust fractional_knapsack.java<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\nint w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nint v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\npublic Item(int w, int v) {\nthis.w = w;\nthis.v = v;\n}\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nItem[] items = new Item[wgt.length];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; wgt.length; i++) {\nitems[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nArrays.sort(items, Comparator.comparingDouble(item -&gt; -((double) item.v / item.w)));\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nfor (Item item : items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (double) item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\npublic:\nint w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nint v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\nItem(int w, int v) : w(w), v(v) {\n}\n};\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;wgt, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nvector&lt;Item&gt; items;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; wgt.size(); i++) {\nitems.push_back(Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nsort(items.begin(), items.end(), [](Item &amp;a, Item &amp;b) { return (double)a.v / a.w &gt; (double)b.v / b.w; });\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nfor (auto &amp;item : items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.py<pre><code>class Item:\n\"\"\"\u7269\u54c1\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, w: int, v: int):\nself.w = w  # \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nself.v = v  # \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\ndef fractional_knapsack(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nitems = [Item(w, v) for w, v in zip(wgt, val)]\n# \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nitems.sort(key=lambda item: item.v / item.w, reverse=True)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\nres = 0\nfor item in items:\nif item.w &lt;= cap:\n# \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v\ncap -= item.w\nelse:\n# \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (item.v / item.w) * cap\n# \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak\nreturn res\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.go<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\ntype Item struct {\nw int // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nv int // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc fractionalKnapsack(wgt []int, val []int, cap int) float64 {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nitems := make([]Item, len(wgt))\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(wgt); i++ {\nitems[i] = Item{wgt[i], val[i]}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nsort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {\nreturn float64(items[i].v)/float64(items[i].w) &gt; float64(items[j].v)/float64(items[j].w)\n})\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\nres := 0.0\nfor _, item := range items {\nif item.w &lt;= cap {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += float64(item.v)\ncap -= item.w\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += float64(item.v) / float64(item.w) * float64(cap)\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.js<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.ts<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.c<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.cs<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\npublic int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\npublic int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\npublic Item(int w, int v) {\nthis.w = w;\nthis.v = v;\n}\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nItem[] items = new Item[wgt.Length];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; wgt.Length; i++) {\nitems[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nArray.Sort(items, (x, y) =&gt; (y.v / y.w).CompareTo(x.v / x.w));\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nforeach (Item item in items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.swift<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.zig<pre><code>[class]{Item}-[func]{}\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.dart<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\nint w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nint v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\nItem(this.w, this.v);\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(List&lt;int&gt; wgt, List&lt;int&gt; val, int cap) {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nList&lt;Item&gt; items = List.generate(wgt.length, (i) =&gt; Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nitems.sort((a, b) =&gt; (b.v / b.w).compareTo(a.v / a.w));\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\ndouble res = 0;\nfor (Item item in items) {\nif (item.w &lt;= cap) {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v / item.w * cap;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> fractional_knapsack.rs<pre><code>/* \u7269\u54c1 */\nstruct Item {\nw: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\nv: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\nimpl Item {\nfn new(w: i32, v: i32) -&gt; Self {\nSelf { w, v }\n}\n}\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn fractional_knapsack(wgt: &amp;[i32], val: &amp;[i32], mut cap: i32) -&gt; f64 {\n// \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\nlet mut items = wgt\n.iter()\n.zip(val.iter())\n.map(|(&amp;w, &amp;v)| Item::new(w, v))\n.collect::&lt;Vec&lt;Item&gt;&gt;();\n// \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nitems.sort_by(|a, b| {\n(b.v as f64 / b.w as f64)\n.partial_cmp(&amp;(a.v as f64 / a.w as f64))\n.unwrap()\n});\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\nlet mut res = 0.0;\nfor item in &amp;items {\nif item.w &lt;= cap {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v as f64;\ncap -= item.w;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\nres += item.v as f64 / item.w as f64 * cap as f64;\n// \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\nres\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u7269\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Item</code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"<p>\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a <code>res</code> \uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u4e8e <code>res</code> \u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e <code>res</code> \u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u54c1\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u522b\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a 2D \u56fe\u8868\u7684\u6a2a\u8f74\u548c\u7eb5\u8f74\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u6c42\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6a2a\u8f74\u533a\u95f4\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u56f4\u6210\u9762\u79ef\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u8868\u793a </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/","title":"15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u90fd\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u6765\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5f53\u524d\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u524d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u9898\u201c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u201d\u4e86\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5bf9\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b83\u7684\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565 </p> <p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u611f\u53f9\uff1aSo Clean \uff01\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ec5\u7528\u5341\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust coin_change_greedy.java<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.length - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.cpp<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.size() - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.py<pre><code>def coin_change_greedy(coins: list[int], amt: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\ni = len(coins) - 1\ncount = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile amt &gt; 0:\n# \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile i &gt; 0 and coins[i] &gt; amt:\ni -= 1\n# \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i]\ncount += 1\n# \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn count if amt == 0 else -1\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.go<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc coinChangeGreedy(coins []int, amt int) int {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\ni := len(coins) - 1\ncount := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nfor amt &gt; 0 {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nfor i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt {\ni--\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i]\ncount++\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif amt != 0 {\nreturn -1\n}\nreturn count\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.cs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.Length - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.dart<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(List&lt;int&gt; coins, int amt) {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nint i = coins.length - 1;\nint count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile (amt &gt; 0) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile (i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt) {\ni--;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount++;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n</code></pre> coin_change_greedy.rs<pre><code>/* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn coin_change_greedy(coins: &amp;[i32], mut amt: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\nlet mut i = coins.len() - 1;\nlet mut count = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\nwhile amt &gt; 0 {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\nwhile i &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; coins[i] &gt; amt {\ni -= 1;\n}\n// \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\namt -= coins[i];\ncount += 1;\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif amt == 0 {\ncount\n} else {\n-1\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1511","title":"15.1.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u786c\u5e01\u6700\u5c0f\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\min(coins)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u591a\u5faa\u73af \\(amt / \\min(coins)\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(amt / \\min(coins))\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\times amt)\\) \u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6b63\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]\\)\uff1a\u5728\u8be5\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 20, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 60\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 10\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(11\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(20 + 20 + 20\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(3\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002</li> <li>\u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 49, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 98\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 48\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(49\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(49 + 49\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(2\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</li> <li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u627e\u5230\u6b21\u4f18\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1512","title":"15.1.2 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1f</p> <p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6613\u4e8b\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4e3e\u51fa\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\uff1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u51ed\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u6216\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002</p> <p>Quote</p> <p>\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^3)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>Pearson, David. A polynomial-time algorithm for the change-making problem. Operations Research Letters 33.3 (2005): 231-234.</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1513","title":"15.1.3 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u68b3\u7406\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002</li> <li>\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u6216\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d45\u663e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u6982\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u8003\u9a8c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u529b\u4e86\u3002</li> <li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6ee1\u6000\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u9762\u5411\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c Debug \uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1514","title":"15.1.4 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"<p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u786c\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u533a\u95f4\u8c03\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\uff08\u4ef7\u503c / \u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u80a1\u7968\u4e70\u5356\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u6709\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5356\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4e70\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5229\u6da6\u3002</li> <li>\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u635f\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\u7684\u5e26\u6743\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u7f16\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u6700\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6e90\u9876\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/","title":"15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 \\(ht\\) \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5782\u76f4\u9694\u677f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002</p> <p>\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff08\u5373\u9762\u79ef\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u9694\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u5bb9\u5668\u7531\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u56f4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e58\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002\u8bbe\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a</p> \\[ cap[i, j] = \\min(ht[i], ht[j]) \\times (j - i) \\] <p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff09\u4e3a \\(C_n^2 = \\frac{n(n - 1)}{2}\\) \u4e2a\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"<p>\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i &lt; j\\) \u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(ht[i] &lt; ht[j]\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001 \\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u5219\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u540e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bbd\u5ea6 \\(j-i\\) \u80af\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08 \\(i\\) \u4ecd\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u6216\u53d8\u5c0f\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684 \\(j\\) \u6210\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u53cd\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u5411\u5185\u6536\u7f29\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u957f\uff09\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u5206\u5217\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\u3002</li> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u6bd4\u8f83\u677f \\(i\\) \u548c \u677f \\(j\\) \u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u77ed\u677f\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c <code>2.</code> , <code>3.</code> \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5faa\u73af\u6700\u591a \\(n\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u53d8\u91cf \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) , \\(res\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust max_capacity.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = Math.max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.size() - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.py<pre><code>def max_capacity(ht: list[int]) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\ni, j = 0, len(ht) - 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nres = 0\n# \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile i &lt; j:\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\ncap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i)\nres = max(res, cap)\n# \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif ht[i] &lt; ht[j]:\ni += 1\nelse:\nj -= 1\nreturn res\n</code></pre> max_capacity.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxCapacity(ht []int) int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\ni, j := 0, len(ht)-1\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nres := 0\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nfor i &lt; j {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\ncapacity := int(math.Min(float64(ht[i]), float64(ht[j]))) * (j - i)\nres = int(math.Max(float64(res), float64(capacity)))\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif ht[i] &lt; ht[j] {\ni++\n} else {\nj--\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.Length - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = Math.Min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = Math.Max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(List&lt;int&gt; ht) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nint i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nint res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nint cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\nres = max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif (ht[i] &lt; ht[j]) {\ni++;\n} else {\nj--;\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> max_capacity.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_capacity(ht: &amp;[i32]) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\nlet mut i = 0;\nlet mut j = ht.len() - 1;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\nlet mut res = 0;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\nwhile i &lt; j {\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\nlet cap = std::cmp::min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i) as i32;\nres = std::cmp::max(res, cap);\n// \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\nif ht[i] &lt; ht[j] {\ni += 1;\n} else {\nj -= 1;\n}\n}\nres\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"<p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u6bd4\u7a77\u4e3e\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u4f1a\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u3002</p> <p>\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u72b6\u6001 \\(cap[i, j]\\) \u4e0b\uff0c\\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001\\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002\u82e5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5c06\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e4b\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u3002</p> \\[ cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \\dots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1] \\] <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5185\u79fb\u957f\u677f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8fc7\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/","title":"15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u6c42\u5207\u5206\u540e\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49 </p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u5207\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n_i\\) \uff0c\u5373</p> \\[ n = \\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_i \\] <p>\u672c\u9898\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u5373</p> \\[ \\max(\\prod_{i=1}^{m}n_i) \\] <p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5207\u5206\u6570\u91cf \\(m\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(n_i\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"<p>\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4ece \\(n\\) \u4e2d\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(2(n-2)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u4e58\u79ef\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} 2(n-2) &amp; \\geq n \\newline 2n - n - 4 &amp; \\geq 0 \\newline n &amp; \\geq 4 \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u540e\u4e58\u79ef\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e \\(4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5207\u5206\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u53ea\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0 \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u56e0\u5b50\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5207\u5206\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u53d8\u5927 </p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u54ea\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u5728 \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136 \\(1\\) \u662f\u6700\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n-1) &lt; n\\) \u6052\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(1\\) \u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 6\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6709 \\(3 \\times 3 &gt; 2 \\times 2 \\times 2\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(3\\) \u6bd4\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(2\\) \u66f4\u4f18\u3002</p> <p>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e8c\uff1a\u5728\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50 </p> <p>\u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u56e0\u5b50 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) , \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868 \\(n\\) \u662f \\(3\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e4b\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(2 \\times 2 &gt; 1 \\times 3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5207\u5206\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230 \\(3\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570 \\(a\\) \uff0c\u7528\u53d6\u6a21\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u4f59\u6570 \\(b\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\uff1a</p> \\[ n = 3 a + b \\] <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n \\leq 3\\) \u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u62c6\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n - 1)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust max_product_cutting.java<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n / 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (int) Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int) Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int) Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n / 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (int)pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)pow(3, a) * 2;\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)pow(3, a);\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.py<pre><code>def max_product_cutting(n: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n# \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif n &lt;= 3:\nreturn 1 * (n - 1)\n# \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\na, b = n // 3, n % 3\nif b == 1:\n# \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn int(math.pow(3, a - 1)) * 2 * 2\nif b == 2:\n# \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.pow(3, a)) * 2\n# \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.pow(3, a))\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.go<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxProductCutting(n int) int {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif n &lt;= 3 {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1)\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\na := n / 3\nb := n % 3\nif b == 1 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn int(math.Pow(3, float64(a-1))) * 2 * 2\n}\nif b == 2 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.Pow(3, float64(a))) * 2\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn int(math.Pow(3, float64(a)))\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.cs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n / 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (int)Math.Pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)Math.Pow(3, a) * 2;\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (int)Math.Pow(3, a);\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.swift<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.dart<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif (n &lt;= 3) {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nint a = n ~/ 3;\nint b = n % 3;\nif (b == 1) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\nreturn (pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2).toInt();\n}\nif (b == 2) {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn (pow(3, a) * 2).toInt();\n}\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\nreturn pow(3, a).toInt();\n}\n</code></pre> max_product_cutting.rs<pre><code>/* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_product_cutting(n: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5f53 n &lt;= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\nif n &lt;= 3 {\nreturn 1 * (n - 1);\n}\n// \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\nlet a = n / 3;\nlet b = n % 3;\nif b == 1 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n3_i32.pow(a as u32 - 1) * 2 * 2\n} else if b == 2 {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n3_i32.pow(a as u32) * 2\n} else {\n// \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n3_i32.pow(a as u32)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5 </p> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e42\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 <code>**</code> \u548c\u51fd\u6570 <code>pow()</code> \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log\u2061 a)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u51fd\u6570 <code>math.pow()</code> \u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u7684 <code>pow()</code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u6d6e\u70b9\u53d6\u5e42\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53d8\u91cf \\(a\\) , \\(b\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u5206\u6790 \\(n \\geq 3\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u5b50 \\(\\leq 3\\) :\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728 \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(2(x-2)\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</li> <li>\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5305\u542b \\(1\\) :\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</li> <li>\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002</li> </ol>"},{"location":"chapter_greedy/summary/","title":"15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002</li> <li>\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u4ee3\u8868\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u4f2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u6c42\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u96be\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002</li> <li>\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u6216 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/","title":"\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002</p> <p>\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u4e66\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868</li> <li>6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81</li> <li>6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/","title":"6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e24\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u8fd8\u662f\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5219\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5 </p> <p>\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u7531\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\uff1a</p> <pre><code>index = hash(key) % capacity\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf <code>capacity</code> \u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash()</code> \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash()</code> \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#631","title":"6.3.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u6807","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7a33\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u4f7f\u5f97\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u8d8a\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e00\u540c\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\uff1a\u5e94\u5f53\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> <li>\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u5f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u201d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 <code>key % 100</code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684 <code>key</code> \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u7684 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u89e3\u5bc6\u7801\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#632","title":"6.3.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1","text":"<p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u54c8\u5e0c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust simple_hash.java<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash = (hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int) hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash = (31 * hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int) hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash ^= (int) c;\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ (int) c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int) hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.cpp<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(string key) {\nlong long hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\nhash = (hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(string key) {\nlong long hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(string key) {\nint hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\ncout&lt;&lt;(int)c&lt;&lt;endl;\nhash ^= (int)c;\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(string key) {\nlong long hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (unsigned char c : key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ (int)c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.py<pre><code>def add_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash += ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\ndef mul_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash = 31 * hash + ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\ndef xor_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash ^= ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\ndef rot_hash(key: str) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\nhash = 0\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor c in key:\nhash = (hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ ord(c)\nreturn hash % modulus\n</code></pre> simple_hash.go<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key string) int {\nvar hash int64\nvar modulus int64\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nhash = (hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn int(hash)\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key string) int {\nvar hash int64\nvar modulus int64\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nhash = (31*hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn int(hash)\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key string) int {\nhash := 0\nmodulus := 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nfmt.Println(int(b))\nhash ^= int(b)\nhash = (31*hash + int(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn hash &amp; modulus\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key string) int {\nvar hash int64\nvar modulus int64\nmodulus = 1000000007\nfor _, b := range []byte(key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ int64(b)) % modulus\n}\nreturn int(hash)\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.js<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key) {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.ts<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key: string): number {\nlet hash = 0;\nconst MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (const c of key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{addHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{mulHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{xorHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{rotHash}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.cs<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(string key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash = (hash + c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(string key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash = (31 * hash + c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(string key) {\nint hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash ^= c;\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(string key) {\nlong hash = 0;\nconst int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nforeach (char c in key) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ c) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn (int)hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.swift<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash = (hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n}\n}\nreturn hash\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash = (31 * hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n}\n}\nreturn hash\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash ^= Int(scalar.value)\n}\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key: String) -&gt; Int {\nvar hash = 0\nlet MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\nfor c in key {\nfor scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n}\n}\nreturn hash\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{addHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{mulHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{xorHash}\n[class]{}-[func]{rotHash}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.dart<pre><code>/* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash = (hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash = (31 * hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash ^= key.codeUnitAt(i);\n}\nreturn hash &amp; MODULUS;\n}\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\nint hash = 0;\nfinal int MODULUS = 1000000007;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; key.length; i++) {\nhash = ((hash &lt;&lt; 4) ^ (hash &gt;&gt; 28) ^ key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n}\nreturn hash;\n}\n</code></pre> simple_hash.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{add_hash}\n[class]{}-[func]{mul_hash}\n[class]{}-[func]{xor_hash}\n[class]{}-[func]{rot_hash}\n</code></pre> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u8d28\u6570 \\(1000000007\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u8d28\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u5148\u629b\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u53d6\u6a21\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u6570 \\(9\\) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\u7684 <code>key</code> \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 \\(0\\) , \\(3\\) , \\(6\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} &amp; = 9 \\newline \\text{key} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\dots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\\dots \\} \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \u6070\u597d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u5dee\u6570\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u5806\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u91cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5c06 <code>modulus</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570 \\(13\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e <code>key</code> \u548c <code>modulus</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6027\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u3002</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} &amp; = 13 \\newline \\text{key} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\dots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} &amp; = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \\dots \\} \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1 <code>key</code> \u662f\u968f\u673a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u8d28\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5408\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5f53 <code>key</code> \u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002</p> <p>\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u53d6\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d28\u6570\u6700\u597d\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#633","title":"6.3.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u8106\u5f31\u201d\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u6362\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 MD5 , SHA-1 , SHA-2 , SHA3 \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6052\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>MD5 \u548c SHA-1 \u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u5f03\u7528\u3002</li> <li>SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684 SHA-256 \u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ecd\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>SHA-3 \u76f8\u8f83 SHA-2 \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982 SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u3002</li> </ul> MD5 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 \u63a8\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4 1992 1995 2002 2008 \u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u5ea6 128 bits 160 bits 256 / 512 bits 224/256/384/512 bits \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 \u8f83\u591a \u8f83\u591a \u5f88\u5c11 \u5f88\u5c11 \u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7ea7 \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u9ad8 \u9ad8 \u5e94\u7528 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\uff0c\u4ecd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528 \u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u4ea4\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49 \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3 SHA-2"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#634","title":"6.3.4 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 <code>key</code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 <code>hash()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6574\u6570\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u3002</li> <li>\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</li> <li>\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust built_in_hash.java<pre><code>int num = 3;\nint hashNum = Integer.hashCode(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\nboolean bol = true;\nint hashBol = Boolean.hashCode(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = Double.hashCode(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -727081396\nObject[] arr = { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" };\nint hashTup = Arrays.hashCode(arr);\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1151158\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode@7dc5e7b4 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2110121908\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.cpp<pre><code>int num = 3;\nsize_t hashNum = hash&lt;int&gt;()(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\nbool bol = true;\nsize_t hashBol = hash&lt;bool&gt;()(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf 1 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nsize_t hashDec = hash&lt;double&gt;()(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4614256650576692846\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nsize_t hashStr = hash&lt;string&gt;()(str);\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 15466937326284535026\n// \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e std:hash() \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\n// \u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.py<pre><code>num = 3\nhash_num = hash(num)\n# \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\nbol = True\nhash_bol = hash(bol)\n# \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf True \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\ndec = 3.14159\nhash_dec = hash(dec)\n# \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 326484311674566659\nstr = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nhash_str = hash(str)\n# \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4617003410720528961\ntup = (12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\")\nhash_tup = hash(tup)\n# \u5143\u7ec4 (12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8') \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1029005403108185979\nobj = ListNode(0)\nhash_obj = hash(obj)\n# \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 &lt;ListNode object at 0x1058fd810&gt; \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 274267521\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.go<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.js<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.ts<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.c<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.cs<pre><code>int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.GetHashCode();\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3;\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.GetHashCode();\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1;\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.GetHashCode();\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729;\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.GetHashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -586107568;\nobject[] arr = { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" };\nint hashTup = arr.GetHashCode();\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 42931033;\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.GetHashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 0 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 39053774;\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.swift<pre><code>let num = 3\nlet hashNum = num.hashValue\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 9047044699613009734\nlet bol = true\nlet hashBol = bol.hashValue\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -4431640247352757451\nlet dec = 3.14159\nlet hashDec = dec.hashValue\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2465384235396674631\nlet str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nlet hashStr = str.hashValue\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -7850626797806988787\nlet arr = [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")]\nlet hashTup = arr.hashValue\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2308633508154532996\nlet obj = ListNode(x: 0)\nlet hashObj = obj.hashValue\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2434780518035996159\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.dart<pre><code>int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.hashCode;\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 34803\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.hashCode;\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u503c true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.hashCode;\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2570631074981783\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode;\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 468167534\nList arr = [12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"];\nint hashArr = arr.hashCode;\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 976512528\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 Instance of 'ListNode' \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1033450432\n</code></pre> built_in_hash.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u624d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 <code>key</code> \u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u5f53\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u539f\u5148\u7684 <code>value</code> \u4e86\u3002</p> <p>\u867d\u7136\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u76d0\uff08Salt\uff09\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62 HashDoS \u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/","title":"6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81","text":"<p>\u4e0a\u8282\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5168\u4f53\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5207\u6362\u4e00\u4e0b\u601d\u8def\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u6539\u826f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u4ec5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#621","title":"6.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740","text":"<p>\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u4ec5\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u300c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740 separate chaining\u300d\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 </p> <p>\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4 <code>key</code> \u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002</li> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u66f4\u52a0\u8017\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u5c3d\u91cf\u7b80\u77ed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4ee3\u66ff\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(0.75\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map_chaining.java<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nint size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapChaining() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn (double) size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets.get(index);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets.get(index);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nPair pair = new Pair(key, val);\nbucket.add(pair);\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets.get(index);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nbucket.remove(pair);\nsize--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket : bucketsTmp) {\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket : buckets) {\nList&lt;String&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : bucket) {\nres.add(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n}\nSystem.out.println(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.cpp<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nprivate:\nint size;                       // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity;                   // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres;               // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio;                // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvector&lt;vector&lt;Pair *&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3), extendRatio(2) {\nbuckets.resize(capacity);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn (double)size / (double)capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nstring get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\nif (pair-&gt;key == key) {\nreturn pair-&gt;val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de nullptr\nreturn nullptr;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\nif (pair-&gt;key == key) {\npair-&gt;val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nbuckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nauto &amp;bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; bucket.size(); i++) {\nif (bucket[i]-&gt;key == key) {\nPair *tmp = bucket[i];\nbucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // \u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\ndelete tmp;                       // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nsize--;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nvector&lt;vector&lt;Pair *&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets.clear();\nbuckets.resize(capacity);\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (auto &amp;bucket : bucketsTmp) {\nfor (Pair *pair : bucket) {\nput(pair-&gt;key, pair-&gt;val);\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete pair;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (auto &amp;bucket : buckets) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"[\";\nfor (Pair *pair : bucket) {\ncout &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;key &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;val &lt;&lt; \", \";\n}\ncout &lt;&lt; \"]\\n\";\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.py<pre><code>class HashMapChaining:\n\"\"\"\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nself.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.load_thres = 2 / 3  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nself.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nself.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\ndef hash_func(self, key: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nreturn key % self.capacity\ndef load_factor(self) -&gt; float:\n\"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\nreturn self.size / self.capacity\ndef get(self, key: int) -&gt; str:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\nbucket = self.buckets[index]\n# \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor pair in bucket:\nif pair.key == key:\nreturn pair.val\n# \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nreturn None\ndef put(self, key: int, val: str):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres:\nself.extend()\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\nbucket = self.buckets[index]\n# \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor pair in bucket:\nif pair.key == key:\npair.val = val\nreturn\n# \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\npair = Pair(key, val)\nbucket.append(pair)\nself.size += 1\ndef remove(self, key: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\nbucket = self.buckets[index]\n# \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor pair in bucket:\nif pair.key == key:\nbucket.remove(pair)\nself.size -= 1\nbreak\ndef extend(self):\n\"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n# \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nbuckets = self.buckets\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\nself.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]\nself.size = 0\n# \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor bucket in buckets:\nfor pair in bucket:\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val)\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\nfor bucket in self.buckets:\nres = []\nfor pair in bucket:\nres.append(str(pair.key) + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val)\nprint(res)\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.go<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapChaining struct {\nsize        int      // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\ncapacity    int      // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nloadThres   float64  // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nextendRatio int      // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nbuckets     [][]pair // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapChaining() *hashMapChaining {\nbuckets := make([][]pair, 4)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; 4; i++ {\nbuckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n}\nreturn &amp;hashMapChaining{\nsize:        0,\ncapacity:    4,\nloadThres:   2 / 3.0,\nextendRatio: 2,\nbuckets:     buckets,\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) hashFunc(key int) int {\nreturn key % m.capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) loadFactor() float64 {\nreturn float64(m.size / m.capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) get(key int) string {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\nbucket := m.buckets[idx]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor _, p := range bucket {\nif p.key == key {\nreturn p.val\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nreturn \"\"\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) put(key int, val string) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif m.loadFactor() &gt; m.loadThres {\nm.extend()\n}\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor _, p := range m.buckets[idx] {\nif p.key == key {\np.val = val\nreturn\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\np := pair{\nkey: key,\nval: val,\n}\nm.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx], p)\nm.size += 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) remove(key int) {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor i, p := range m.buckets[idx] {\nif p.key == key {\n// \u5207\u7247\u5220\u9664\nm.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx][:i], m.buckets[idx][i+1:]...)\nm.size -= 1\nbreak\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ntmpBuckets := make([][]pair, len(m.buckets))\nfor i := 0; i &lt; len(m.buckets); i++ {\ntmpBuckets[i] = make([]pair, len(m.buckets[i]))\ncopy(tmpBuckets[i], m.buckets[i])\n}\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nm.capacity *= m.extendRatio\nm.buckets = make([][]pair, m.capacity)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\nm.buckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n}\nm.size = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor _, bucket := range tmpBuckets {\nfor _, p := range bucket {\nm.put(p.key, p.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) print() {\nvar builder strings.Builder\nfor _, bucket := range m.buckets {\nbuilder.WriteString(\"[\")\nfor _, p := range bucket {\nbuilder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -&gt; \" + p.val + \" \")\n}\nbuilder.WriteString(\"]\")\nfmt.Println(builder.String())\nbuilder.Reset()\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.js<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n#size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key) {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor() {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key, val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nconst pair = new Pair(key, val);\nbucket.push(pair);\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nlet bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; bucket.length; i++) {\nif (bucket[i].key === key) {\nbucket.splice(i, 1);\nthis.#size--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint() {\nfor (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\nlet res = [];\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nres.push(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n}\nconsole.log(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.ts<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n#size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets: Pair[][]; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key: number): number {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor(): number {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key: number): string | null {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key: number, val: string): void {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nconst bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nif (pair.key === key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nconst pair = new Pair(key, val);\nbucket.push(pair);\nthis.#size++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key: number): void {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nlet bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; bucket.length; i++) {\nif (bucket[i].key === key) {\nbucket.splice(i, 1);\nthis.#size--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend(): void {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) =&gt; []);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint(): void {\nfor (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\nlet res = [];\nfor (const pair of bucket) {\nres.push(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n}\nconsole.log(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.c<pre><code>[class]{hashMapChaining}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.cs<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nint size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapChaining() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new List&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(new List&lt;Pair&gt;());\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nprivate double loadFactor() {\nreturn (double)size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic string get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nbuckets[index].Add(new Pair(key, val));\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets[index].ToList()) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nbuckets[index].Remove(pair);\nsize--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprivate void extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new List&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;(capacity);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(new List&lt;Pair&gt;());\n}\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nforeach (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in bucketsTmp) {\nforeach (Pair pair in bucket) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nforeach (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nList&lt;string&gt; res = new List&lt;string&gt;();\nforeach (Pair pair in bucket) {\nres.Add(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n}\nforeach (string kv in res) {\nConsole.WriteLine(kv);\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.swift<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nvar size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nvar capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nvar loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nvar extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvar buckets: [[Pair]] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit() {\nsize = 0\ncapacity = 4\nloadThres = 2 / 3\nextendRatio = 2\nbuckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc hashFunc(key: Int) -&gt; Int {\nkey % capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc loadFactor() -&gt; Double {\nDouble(size / capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc get(key: Int) -&gt; String? {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet bucket = buckets[index]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\nreturn pair.val\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de nil\nreturn nil\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc put(key: Int, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif loadFactor() &gt; loadThres {\nextend()\n}\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet bucket = buckets[index]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\npair.val = val\nreturn\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nlet pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\nbuckets[index].append(pair)\nsize += 1\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc remove(key: Int) {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet bucket = buckets[index]\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (pairIndex, pair) in bucket.enumerated() {\nif pair.key == key {\nbuckets[index].remove(at: pairIndex)\n}\n}\nsize -= 1\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet bucketsTmp = buckets\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio\nbuckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\nsize = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor bucket in bucketsTmp {\nfor pair in bucket {\nput(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc print() {\nfor bucket in buckets {\nlet res = bucket.map { \"\\($0.key) -&gt; \\($0.val)\" }\nSwift.print(res)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.zig<pre><code>[class]{HashMapChaining}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.dart<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\nlate int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nlate int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nlate double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nlate int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nlate List&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapChaining() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) =&gt; []);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString? get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nPair pair = Pair(key, val);\nbucket.add(pair);\nsize++;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nList&lt;Pair&gt; bucket = buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nif (pair.key == key) {\nbucket.remove(pair);\nsize--;\nbreak;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;List&lt;Pair&gt;&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) =&gt; []);\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in bucketsTmp) {\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid printHashMap() {\nfor (List&lt;Pair&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nList&lt;String&gt; res = [];\nfor (Pair pair in bucket) {\nres.add(\"${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}\");\n}\nprint(res);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_chaining.rs<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapChaining {\nsize: i32,\ncapacity: i32,\nload_thres: f32,\nextend_ratio: i32,\nbuckets: Vec&lt;Vec&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl HashMapChaining {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nsize: 0,\ncapacity: 4,\nload_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\nextend_ratio: 2,\nbuckets: vec![vec![]; 4],\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn hash_func(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; usize {\nkey as usize % self.capacity as usize\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn load_factor(&amp;self) -&gt; f32 {\nself.size as f32 / self.capacity as f32\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn remove(&amp;mut self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;String&gt; {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet bucket = &amp;mut self.buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor i in 0..bucket.len() {\nif bucket[i].key == key {\nlet pair = bucket.remove(i);\nself.size -= 1;\nreturn Some(pair.val);\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nNone\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn extend(&amp;mut self) {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet buckets_tmp = std::mem::replace(&amp;mut self.buckets, vec![]);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\nself.buckets = vec![Vec::new(); self.capacity as usize];\nself.size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor bucket in buckets_tmp {\nfor pair in bucket {\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn print(&amp;self) {\nfor bucket in &amp;self.buckets {\nlet mut res = Vec::new();\nfor pair in bucket {\nres.push(format!(\"{} -&gt; {}\", pair.key, pair.val));\n}\nprintln!(\"{:?}\", res);\n}\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn put(&amp;mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres {\nself.extend();\n}\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet bucket = &amp;mut self.buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\npair.val = val.clone();\nreturn;\n}\n}\nlet bucket = &amp;mut self.buckets[index];\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\nlet pair = Pair {\nkey,\nval: val.clone(),\n};\nbucket.push(pair);\nself.size += 1;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn get(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;str&gt; {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet bucket = &amp;self.buckets[index];\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nfor pair in bucket {\nif pair.key == key {\nreturn Some(&amp;pair.val);\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nNone\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387 \\(O(n)\\) \u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cAVL \u6811\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#622","title":"6.2.2 \u00a0 \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740","text":"<p>\u300c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740 open addressing\u300d\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u201d\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u63a2\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b49\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b","text":"<p>\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u6876\u5185\u5df2\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u51b2\u7a81\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5411\u540e\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff08\u6b65\u957f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u6b65\u957f\u5411\u540e\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de <code>value</code> \u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b </p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5f53\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u7a7a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7a7a\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bef\u5224\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u8fde\u7eed\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7eed\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u805a\u5806\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u52a3\u5316\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f8b <code>removed</code> \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u6216 <code>removed</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6876\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u653e\u7f6e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u7d22\u5f15 <code>index</code> \u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map_open_addressing.java<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nprivate int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nprivate int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nprivate double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nprivate int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nprivate Pair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate Pair removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapOpenAddressing() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nremoved = new Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\npublic int hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\npublic double loadFactor() {\nreturn (double) size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic String get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (buckets[j] == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key &amp;&amp; buckets[j] != removed)\nreturn buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (buckets[j] == null || buckets[j] == removed) {\nbuckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nsize += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j] == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j] = removed;\nsize -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nPair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != null &amp;&amp; pair != removed) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nSystem.out.println(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n} else {\nSystem.out.println(\"null\");\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nprivate:\nint size;               // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity;           // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres;       // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio;        // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nPair *removed;          // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapOpenAddressing() {\n// \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = vector&lt;Pair *&gt;(capacity, nullptr);\nremoved = new Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn static_cast&lt;double&gt;(size) / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nstring get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de nullptr\nif (buckets[j] == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j]-&gt;key == key &amp;&amp; buckets[j] != removed)\nreturn buckets[j]-&gt;val;\n}\nreturn nullptr;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres)\nextend();\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (buckets[j] == nullptr || buckets[j] == removed) {\nbuckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nsize += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j]-&gt;key == key) {\nbuckets[j]-&gt;val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j] == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j]-&gt;key == key) {\ndelete buckets[j]; // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nbuckets[j] = removed;\nsize -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = vector&lt;Pair *&gt;(capacity, nullptr);\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != nullptr &amp;&amp; pair != removed) {\nput(pair-&gt;key, pair-&gt;val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (auto &amp;pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\ncout &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;key &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; pair-&gt;val &lt;&lt; endl;\n} else {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"nullptr\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.py<pre><code>class HashMapOpenAddressing:\n\"\"\"\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nself.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nself.load_thres = 2 / 3  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nself.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nself.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * self.capacity  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nself.removed = Pair(-1, \"-1\")  # \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\ndef hash_func(self, key: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nreturn key % self.capacity\ndef load_factor(self) -&gt; float:\n\"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\nreturn self.size / self.capacity\ndef get(self, key: int) -&gt; str:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in range(self.capacity):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj = (index + i) % self.capacity\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nif self.buckets[j] is None:\nreturn None\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif self.buckets[j].key == key and self.buckets[j] != self.removed:\nreturn self.buckets[j].val\ndef put(self, key: int, val: str):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n# \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres:\nself.extend()\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in range(self.capacity):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj = (index + i) % self.capacity\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif self.buckets[j] in [None, self.removed]:\nself.buckets[j] = Pair(key, val)\nself.size += 1\nreturn\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif self.buckets[j].key == key:\nself.buckets[j].val = val\nreturn\ndef remove(self, key: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in range(self.capacity):\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj = (index + i) % self.capacity\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.buckets[j] is None:\nreturn\n# \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.buckets[j].key == key:\nself.buckets[j] = self.removed\nself.size -= 1\nreturn\ndef extend(self):\n\"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n# \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nbuckets_tmp = self.buckets\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\nself.buckets = [None] * self.capacity\nself.size = 0\n# \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor pair in buckets_tmp:\nif pair not in [None, self.removed]:\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val)\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nprint(pair.key, \"-&gt;\", pair.val)\nelse:\nprint(\"None\")\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.go<pre><code>/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapOpenAddressing struct {\nsize        int     // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\ncapacity    int     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nloadThres   float64 // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nextendRatio int     // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nbuckets     []pair  // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nremoved     pair    // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapOpenAddressing() *hashMapOpenAddressing {\nbuckets := make([]pair, 4)\nreturn &amp;hashMapOpenAddressing{\nsize:        0,\ncapacity:    4,\nloadThres:   2 / 3.0,\nextendRatio: 2,\nbuckets:     buckets,\nremoved: pair{\nkey: -1,\nval: \"-1\",\n},\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) hashFunc(key int) int {\nreturn key % m.capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) loadFactor() float64 {\nreturn float64(m.size) / float64(m.capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) get(key int) string {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj := (idx + 1) % m.capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\nreturn \"\"\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif m.buckets[j].key == key &amp;&amp; m.buckets[j] != m.removed {\nreturn m.buckets[j].val\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\nreturn \"\"\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) put(key int, val string) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif m.loadFactor() &gt; m.loadThres {\nm.extend()\n}\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) || m.buckets[j] == m.removed {\nm.buckets[j] = pair{\nkey: key,\nval: val,\n}\nm.size += 1\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif m.buckets[j].key == key {\nm.buckets[j].val = val\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) remove(key int) {\nidx := m.hashFunc(key)\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m.capacity; i++ {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nj := (idx + 1) % m.capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif m.buckets[j].key == key {\nm.buckets[j] = m.removed\nm.size -= 1\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ntmpBuckets := make([]pair, len(m.buckets))\ncopy(tmpBuckets, m.buckets)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nm.capacity *= m.extendRatio\nm.buckets = make([]pair, m.capacity)\nm.size = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor _, p := range tmpBuckets {\nif p != (pair{}) &amp;&amp; p != m.removed {\nm.put(p.key, p.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) print() {\nfor _, p := range m.buckets {\nif p != (pair{}) {\nfmt.Println(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -&gt; \" + p.val)\n} else {\nfmt.Println(\"nil\")\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.js<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n#size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n#removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#removed = new Pair(-1, '-1');\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key) {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor() {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) return null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j].key === key &amp;&amp;\nthis.#buckets[j][key] !== this.#removed.key\n)\nreturn this.#buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key, val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j] === null ||\nthis.#buckets[j][key] === this.#removed.key\n) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nthis.#size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key) {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = this.#removed;\nthis.#size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair !== null &amp;&amp; pair.key !== this.#removed.key) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint() {\nfor (const pair of this.#buckets) {\nif (pair !== null) {\nconsole.log(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n} else {\nconsole.log('null');\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.ts<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n#size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n#capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n#loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n#extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n#buckets: Pair[]; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n#removed: Pair; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor() {\nthis.#size = 0;\nthis.#capacity = 4;\nthis.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nthis.#extendRatio = 2;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#removed = new Pair(-1, '-1');\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key: number): number {\nreturn key % this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n#loadFactor(): number {\nreturn this.#size / this.#capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key: number): string | null {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) return null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j].key === key &amp;&amp;\nthis.#buckets[j][key] !== this.#removed.key\n)\nreturn this.#buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nput(key: number, val: string): void {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (this.#loadFactor() &gt; this.#loadThres) {\nthis.#extend();\n}\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (\nthis.#buckets[j] === null ||\nthis.#buckets[j][key] === this.#removed.key\n) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nthis.#size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nremove(key: number): void {\nconst index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nconst j = (index + i) % this.#capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j] === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.#buckets[j].key === key) {\nthis.#buckets[j] = this.#removed;\nthis.#size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n#extend(): void {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nconst bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nthis.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\nthis.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\nthis.#size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair !== null &amp;&amp; pair.key !== this.#removed.key) {\nthis.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint(): void {\nfor (const pair of this.#buckets) {\nif (pair !== null) {\nconsole.log(pair.key + ' -&gt; ' + pair.val);\n} else {\nconsole.log('null');\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.c<pre><code>[class]{hashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.cs<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nint size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nint capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\ndouble loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nint extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nPair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nPair removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic HashMapOpenAddressing() {\nsize = 0;\ncapacity = 4;\nloadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\nextendRatio = 2;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nremoved = new Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nprivate double loadFactor() {\nreturn (double)size / capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic string get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (buckets[j] == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key &amp;&amp; buckets[j] != removed)\nreturn buckets[j].val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, string val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (buckets[j] == null || buckets[j] == removed) {\nbuckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\nsize += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j].val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j] == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (buckets[j].key == key) {\nbuckets[j] = removed;\nsize -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprivate void extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nPair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio;\nbuckets = new Pair[capacity];\nsize = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nforeach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != null &amp;&amp; pair != removed) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nforeach (Pair pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nConsole.WriteLine(pair.key + \" -&gt; \" + pair.val);\n} else {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"null\");\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.swift<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nvar size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nvar capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nvar loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nvar extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nvar buckets: [Pair?] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nvar removed: Pair // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit() {\nsize = 0\ncapacity = 4\nloadThres = 2 / 3\nextendRatio = 2\nbuckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\nremoved = Pair(key: -1, val: \"-1\")\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc hashFunc(key: Int) -&gt; Int {\nkey % capacity\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc loadFactor() -&gt; Double {\nDouble(size / capacity)\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc get(key: Int) -&gt; String? {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de nil\nif buckets[j] == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif buckets[j]?.key == key, buckets[j] != removed {\nreturn buckets[j]?.val\n}\n}\nreturn nil\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc put(key: Int, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif loadFactor() &gt; loadThres {\nextend()\n}\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in stride(from: 0, through: capacity, by: 1) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif buckets[j] == nil || buckets[j] == removed {\nbuckets[j] = Pair(key: key, val: val)\nsize += 1\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif buckets[j]?.key == key {\nbuckets[j]?.val = val\nreturn\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc remove(key: Int) {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + i) % capacity\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif buckets[j] == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif buckets[j]?.key == key {\nbuckets[j] = removed\nsize -= 1\nreturn\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet bucketsTmp = buckets\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\ncapacity *= extendRatio\nbuckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\nsize = 0\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor pair in bucketsTmp {\nif let pair, pair != removed {\nput(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc print() {\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair {\nSwift.print(\"\\(pair.key) -&gt; \\(pair.val)\")\n} else {\nSwift.print(\"null\")\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.zig<pre><code>[class]{HashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.dart<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\nlate int _size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\nlate int _capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\nlate double _loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\nlate int _extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\nlate List&lt;Pair?&gt; _buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\nlate Pair _removed; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nHashMapOpenAddressing() {\n_size = 0;\n_capacity = 4;\n_loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n_extendRatio = 2;\n_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) =&gt; null);\n_removed = Pair(-1, \"-1\");\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nreturn key % _capacity;\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor() {\nreturn _size / _capacity;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString? get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % _capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (_buckets[j] == null) return null;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (_buckets[j]!.key == key &amp;&amp; _buckets[j] != _removed)\nreturn _buckets[j]!.val;\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif (loadFactor() &gt; _loadThres) {\nextend();\n}\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % _capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nif (_buckets[j] == null || _buckets[j] == _removed) {\n_buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);\n_size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nif (_buckets[j]!.key == key) {\n_buckets[j]!.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _capacity; i++) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nint j = (index + i) % _capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (_buckets[j] == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (_buckets[j]!.key == key) {\n_buckets[j] = _removed;\n_size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend() {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nList&lt;Pair?&gt; bucketsTmp = _buckets;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n_capacity *= _extendRatio;\n_buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) =&gt; null);\n_size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {\nif (pair != null &amp;&amp; pair != _removed) {\nput(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid printHashMap() {\nfor (Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nprint(\"${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}\");\n} else {\nprint(null);\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map_open_addressing.rs<pre><code>/* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapOpenAddressing {\nsize: usize,\ncapacity: usize,\nload_thres: f32,\nextend_ratio: usize,\nbuckets: Vec&lt;Option&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;,\nremoved: Pair,\n}\nimpl HashMapOpenAddressing {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nsize: 0,\ncapacity: 4,\nload_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\nextend_ratio: 2,\nbuckets: vec![None; 4],\nremoved: Pair {\nkey: -1,\nval: \"-1\".to_string(),\n},\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn hash_func(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; usize {\n(key % self.capacity as i32) as usize\n}\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn load_factor(&amp;self) -&gt; f32 {\nself.size as f32 / self.capacity as f32\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn get(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;str&gt; {\nlet mut index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet capacity = self.capacity;\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor _ in 0..capacity {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + 1) % capacity;\nmatch &amp;self.buckets[j] {\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\nNone =&gt; return None,\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nSome(pair) if pair.key == key &amp;&amp; pair != &amp;self.removed =&gt; return Some(&amp;pair.val),\n_ =&gt; index = j,\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn put(&amp;mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n// \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\nif self.load_factor() &gt; self.load_thres {\nself.extend();\n}\nlet mut index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet capacity = self.capacity;\n// \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\nfor _ in 0..capacity {\n//\u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\nlet j = (index + 1) % capacity;\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\nmatch &amp;mut self.buckets[j] {\nbucket @ &amp;mut None | bucket @ &amp;mut Some(Pair { key: -1, .. }) =&gt; {\n*bucket = Some(Pair { key, val });\nself.size += 1;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\nSome(pair) if pair.key == key =&gt; {\npair.val = val;\nreturn;\n}\n_ =&gt; index = j,\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn remove(&amp;mut self, key: i32) {\nlet mut index = self.hash_func(key);\nlet capacity = self.capacity;\n// \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nfor _ in 0..capacity {\nlet j = (index + 1) % capacity;\nmatch &amp;mut self.buckets[j] {\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nNone =&gt; return,\n// \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nSome(pair) if pair.key == key =&gt; {\n*pair = Pair {\nkey: -1,\nval: \"-1\".to_string(),\n};\nself.size -= 1;\nreturn;\n}\n_ =&gt; index = j,\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn extend(&amp;mut self) {\n// \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nlet buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nself.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\nself.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];\nself.size = 0;\n// \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfor pair in buckets_tmp {\nif let Some(pair) = pair {\nself.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfn print(&amp;self) {\nfor pair in &amp;self.buckets {\nmatch pair {\nSome(pair) =&gt; println!(\"{} -&gt; {}\", pair.key, pair.val),\nNone =&gt; println!(\"None\"),\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c","text":"<p>\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\) , \\(f_2(x)\\) , \\(f_3(x)\\) , \\(\\dots\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5 \\(f_2(x)\\) \uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b\u6216\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6216\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#623","title":"6.2.3 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"<p>Java \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002\u81ea JDK 1.8 \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5f53 HashMap \u5185\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 64 \u4e14\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 8 \u65f6\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u3002</p> <p>Python \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002\u5b57\u5178 dict \u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002</p> <p>Golang \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002Go \u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u50a8 8 \u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\uff1b\u5f53\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b49\u91cf\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6027\u80fd\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/","title":"6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"<p>\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hash table\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u300c\u6563\u5217\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u952e <code>key</code> \u4e0e\u503c <code>value</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e <code>key</code> \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c <code>value</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u53f7\u201d\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u9664\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u636e\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u662f\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5148\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#611","title":"6.1.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7b49\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap&lt;Integer, String&gt; map = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.put(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\");   map.put(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\");   map.put(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\");   map.put(13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\");\nmap.put(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\");\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map.get(15937);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nunordered_map&lt;int, string&gt; map;\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nstring name = map[15937];\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.erase(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nhmap: Dict = {}\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname: str = hmap[15937]\n# \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap.pop(10583)\n</code></pre> hash_map.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nhmap := make(map[int]string)\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname := hmap[15937]\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\ndelete(hmap, 10583)\n</code></pre> hash_map.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new ArrayHashMap();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new Map&lt;number, string&gt;();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\nconsole.info('\\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -&gt; Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\nconsole.info('\\n\u8f93\u5165\u5b66\u53f7 15937 \uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u59d3\u540d ' + name);\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\nconsole.info('\\n\u5220\u9664 10583 \u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -&gt; Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n</code></pre> hash_map.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n</code></pre> hash_map.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nDictionary&lt;int, String&gt; map = new ();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.Add(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\");\nmap.Add(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\");\nmap.Add(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\");\nmap.Add(13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\");\nmap.Add(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\");\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map[15937];\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.Remove(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvar map: [Int: String] = [:]\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map[15937]!\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.removeValue(forKey: 10583)\n</code></pre> hash_map.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> hash_map.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap&lt;int, String&gt; map = {};\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map[15937];\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n</code></pre> hash_map.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u904d\u5386\u952e\u548c\u904d\u5386\u503c\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust hash_map.java<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor (Map.Entry &lt;Integer, String&gt; kv: map.entrySet()) {\nSystem.out.println(kv.getKey() + \" -&gt; \" + kv.getValue());\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor (int key: map.keySet()) {\nSystem.out.println(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor (String val: map.values()) {\nSystem.out.println(val);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.cpp<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor (auto kv: map) {\ncout &lt;&lt; kv.first &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; kv.second &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor (auto key: map) {\ncout &lt;&lt; key.first &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor (auto val: map) {\ncout &lt;&lt; val.second &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.py<pre><code># \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n# \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor key, value in hmap.items():\nprint(key, \"-&gt;\", value)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key in hmap.keys():\nprint(key)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor value in hmap.values():\nprint(value)\n</code></pre> hash_map_test.go<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key-&gt;value\nfor key, value := range hmap {\nfmt.Println(key, \"-&gt;\", value)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key := range hmap {\nfmt.Println(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor _, value := range hmap {\nfmt.Println(value)\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.js<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\nconsole.info(k + ' -&gt; ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\nconsole.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\nconsole.info(v);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.ts<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\nconsole.info(k + ' -&gt; ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\nconsole.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\nconsole.info(v);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n</code></pre> hash_map.cs<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value\nforeach (var kv in map) {\nConsole.WriteLine(kv.Key + \" -&gt; \" + kv.Value);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nforeach (int key in map.Keys) {\nConsole.WriteLine(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nforeach (String val in map.Values) {\nConsole.WriteLine(val);\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.swift<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value\nfor (key, value) in map {\nprint(\"\\(key) -&gt; \\(value)\")\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nfor key in map.keys {\nprint(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nfor value in map.values {\nprint(value)\n}\n</code></pre> hash_map.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> hash_map.dart<pre><code>/* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key-&gt;Value\nmap.forEach((key, value) {\nprint('$key -&gt; $value');\n});\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nmap.keys.forEach((key) {\nprint(key);\n});\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nmap.values.forEach((value) {\nprint(value);\n});\n</code></pre> hash_map.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#612","title":"6.1.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6876 bucket\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u5230 <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6876\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6 <code>value</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e <code>key</code> \u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash function\u300d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u8be5 <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p> <p>\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash()</code> \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5bf9\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09<code>capacity</code> \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5 <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 <code>index</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <pre><code>index = hash(key) % capacity\n</code></pre> <p>\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 <code>index</code> \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6 <code>value</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 <code>capacity = 100</code> \u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 <code>hash(key) = key</code> \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a <code>key % 100</code> \u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u4ee5 <code>key</code> \u5b66\u53f7\u548c <code>value</code> \u59d3\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 <code>key</code> \u548c <code>value</code> \u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b <code>Pair</code> \uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_hash_map.java<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\npublic int key;\npublic String val;\npublic Pair(int key, String val) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate List&lt;Pair&gt; buckets;\npublic ArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {\nbuckets.add(null);\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nint index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic String get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nPair pair = buckets.get(index);\nif (pair == null)\nreturn null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, String val) {\nPair pair = new Pair(key, val);\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nbuckets.set(index, pair);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nbuckets.set(index, null);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npublic List&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet() {\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\npairSet.add(pair);\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; keySet() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; keySet = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nkeySet.add(pair.key);\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npublic List&lt;String&gt; valueSet() {\nList&lt;String&gt; valueSet = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (Pair pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nvalueSet.add(pair.val);\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nfor (Pair kv : pairSet()) {\nSystem.out.println(kv.key + \" -&gt; \" + kv.val);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.cpp<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nstruct Pair {\npublic:\nint key;\nstring val;\nPair(int key, string val) {\nthis-&gt;key = key;\nthis-&gt;val = val;\n}\n};\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate:\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; buckets;\npublic:\nArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets = vector&lt;Pair *&gt;(100);\n}\n~ArrayHashMap() {\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfor (const auto &amp;bucket : buckets) {\ndelete bucket;\n}\nbuckets.clear();\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(int key) {\nint index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nstring get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nPair *pair = buckets[index];\nif (pair == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\nreturn pair-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, string val) {\nPair *pair = new Pair(key, val);\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nbuckets[index] = pair;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u7f6e\u4e3a nullptr\ndelete buckets[index];\nbuckets[index] = nullptr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; pairSet() {\nvector&lt;Pair *&gt; pairSet;\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\npairSet.push_back(pair);\n}\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nvector&lt;int&gt; keySet() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; keySet;\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\nkeySet.push_back(pair-&gt;key);\n}\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nvector&lt;string&gt; valueSet() {\nvector&lt;string&gt; valueSet;\nfor (Pair *pair : buckets) {\nif (pair != nullptr) {\nvalueSet.push_back(pair-&gt;val);\n}\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print() {\nfor (Pair *kv : pairSet()) {\ncout &lt;&lt; kv-&gt;key &lt;&lt; \" -&gt; \" &lt;&lt; kv-&gt;val &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.py<pre><code>class Pair:\n\"\"\"\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, key: int, val: str):\nself.key = key\nself.val = val\nclass ArrayHashMap:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nself.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * 100\ndef hash_func(self, key: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\nindex = key % 100\nreturn index\ndef get(self, key: int) -&gt; str:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex: int = self.hash_func(key)\npair: Pair = self.buckets[index]\nif pair is None:\nreturn None\nreturn pair.val\ndef put(self, key: int, val: str):\n\"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\npair = Pair(key, val)\nindex: int = self.hash_func(key)\nself.buckets[index] = pair\ndef remove(self, key: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nindex: int = self.hash_func(key)\n# \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nself.buckets[index] = None\ndef entry_set(self) -&gt; list[Pair]:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\nresult: list[Pair] = []\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nresult.append(pair)\nreturn result\ndef key_set(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\"\"\"\nresult = []\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nresult.append(pair.key)\nreturn result\ndef value_set(self) -&gt; list[str]:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\"\"\"\nresult = []\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nresult.append(pair.val)\nreturn result\ndef print(self):\n\"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\nfor pair in self.buckets:\nif pair is not None:\nprint(pair.key, \"-&gt;\", pair.val)\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.go<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\ntype pair struct {\nkey int\nval string\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype arrayHashMap struct {\nbuckets []*pair\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc newArrayHashMap() *arrayHashMap {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets := make([]*pair, 100)\nreturn &amp;arrayHashMap{buckets: buckets}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) hashFunc(key int) int {\nindex := key % 100\nreturn index\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) get(key int) string {\nindex := a.hashFunc(key)\npair := a.buckets[index]\nif pair == nil {\nreturn \"Not Found\"\n}\nreturn pair.val\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) put(key int, val string) {\npair := &amp;pair{key: key, val: val}\nindex := a.hashFunc(key)\na.buckets[index] = pair\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) remove(key int) {\nindex := a.hashFunc(key)\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\na.buckets[index] = nil\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u5bf9 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) pairSet() []*pair {\nvar pairs []*pair\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\npairs = append(pairs, pair)\n}\n}\nreturn pairs\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) keySet() []int {\nvar keys []int\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\nkeys = append(keys, pair.key)\n}\n}\nreturn keys\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) valueSet() []string {\nvar values []string\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\nvalues = append(values, pair.val)\n}\n}\nreturn values\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) print() {\nfor _, pair := range a.buckets {\nif pair != nil {\nfmt.Println(pair.key, \"-&gt;\", pair.val)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.js<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -&gt; String */\nclass Pair {\nconstructor(key, val) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n#buckets;\nconstructor() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nthis.#buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n#hashFunc(key) {\nreturn key % 100;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nget(key) {\nlet index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nlet pair = this.#buckets[index];\nif (pair === null) return null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nset(key, val) {\nlet index = this.#hashFunc(key);\nthis.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\ndelete(key) {\nlet index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nthis.#buckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nentries() {\nlet arr = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.#buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.#buckets[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nkeys() {\nlet arr = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.#buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.#buckets[i].key);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nvalues() {\nlet arr = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.#buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.#buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.#buckets[i].val);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nprint() {\nlet pairSet = this.entries();\nfor (const pair of pairSet) {\nif (!pair) continue;\nconsole.info(`${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}`);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.ts<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -&gt; String */\nclass Pair {\npublic key: number;\npublic val: string;\nconstructor(key: number, val: string) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate readonly buckets: (Pair | null)[];\nconstructor() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nthis.buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate hashFunc(key: number): number {\nreturn key % 100;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic get(key: number): string | null {\nlet index = this.hashFunc(key);\nlet pair = this.buckets[index];\nif (pair === null) return null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic set(key: number, val: string) {\nlet index = this.hashFunc(key);\nthis.buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic delete(key: number) {\nlet index = this.hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nthis.buckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npublic entries(): (Pair | null)[] {\nlet arr: (Pair | null)[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.buckets[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npublic keys(): (number | undefined)[] {\nlet arr: (number | undefined)[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.buckets[i].key);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npublic values(): (string | undefined)[] {\nlet arr: (string | undefined)[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.buckets.length; i++) {\nif (this.buckets[i]) {\narr.push(this.buckets[i].val);\n}\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic print() {\nlet pairSet = this.entries();\nfor (const pair of pairSet) {\nif (!pair) continue;\nconsole.info(`${pair.key} -&gt; ${pair.val}`);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.c<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int-&gt;string */\nstruct pair {\nint key;\nchar *val;\n};\ntypedef struct pair pair;\n[class]{arrayHashMap}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.cs<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int-&gt;string */\nclass Pair {\npublic int key;\npublic string val;\npublic Pair(int key, string val) {\nthis.key = key;\nthis.val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate List&lt;Pair?&gt; buckets;\npublic ArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nbuckets = new();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(null);\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate int hashFunc(int key) {\nint index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic string? get(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nPair? pair = buckets[index];\nif (pair == null) return null;\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void put(int key, string val) {\nPair pair = new Pair(key, val);\nint index = hashFunc(key);\nbuckets[index] = pair;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npublic void remove(int key) {\nint index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nbuckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npublic List&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet() {\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet = new();\nforeach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\npairSet.Add(pair);\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; keySet() {\nList&lt;int&gt; keySet = new();\nforeach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nkeySet.Add(pair.key);\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npublic List&lt;string&gt; valueSet() {\nList&lt;string&gt; valueSet = new();\nforeach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\nif (pair != null)\nvalueSet.Add(pair.val);\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npublic void print() {\nforeach (Pair kv in pairSet()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(kv.key + \" -&gt; \" + kv.val);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.swift<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\nvar key: Int\nvar val: String\ninit(key: Int, val: String) {\nself.key = key\nself.val = val\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nprivate var buckets: [Pair?] = []\ninit() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nfor _ in 0 ..&lt; 100 {\nbuckets.append(nil)\n}\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nprivate func hashFunc(key: Int) -&gt; Int {\nlet index = key % 100\nreturn index\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc get(key: Int) -&gt; String? {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nlet pair = buckets[index]\nreturn pair?.val\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc put(key: Int, val: String) {\nlet pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\nbuckets[index] = pair\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc remove(key: Int) {\nlet index = hashFunc(key: key)\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nbuckets[index] = nil\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nfunc pairSet() -&gt; [Pair] {\nvar pairSet: [Pair] = []\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair = pair {\npairSet.append(pair)\n}\n}\nreturn pairSet\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nfunc keySet() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar keySet: [Int] = []\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair = pair {\nkeySet.append(pair.key)\n}\n}\nreturn keySet\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nfunc valueSet() -&gt; [String] {\nvar valueSet: [String] = []\nfor pair in buckets {\nif let pair = pair {\nvalueSet.append(pair.val)\n}\n}\nreturn valueSet\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc print() {\nfor pair in pairSet() {\nSwift.print(\"\\(pair.key) -&gt; \\(pair.val)\")\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.zig<pre><code>// \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nconst Pair = struct {\nkey: usize = undefined,\nval: []const u8 = undefined,\npub fn init(key: usize, val: []const u8) Pair {\nreturn Pair {\n.key = key,\n.val = val,\n};\n}\n};\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn ArrayHashMap(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nbucket: ?std.ArrayList(?T) = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,\nconst Self = @This();\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nself.mem_allocator = allocator;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 100 \u7684\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nself.bucket = std.ArrayList(?T).init(self.mem_allocator);\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; 100) : (i += 1) {\ntry self.bucket.?.append(null);\n}\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.bucket != null) self.bucket.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\nfn hashFunc(key: usize) usize {\nvar index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n// \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn get(self: *Self, key: usize) []const u8 {\nvar index = hashFunc(key);\nvar pair = self.bucket.?.items[index];\nreturn pair.?.val;\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn put(self: *Self, key: usize, val: []const u8) !void {\nvar pair = Pair.init(key, val);\nvar index = hashFunc(key);\nself.bucket.?.items[index] = pair;\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn remove(self: *Self, key: usize) !void {\nvar index = hashFunc(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nself.bucket.?.items[index] = null;\n}       // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\npub fn pairSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(T) {\nvar entry_set = std.ArrayList(T).init(self.mem_allocator);\nfor (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\nif (item == null) continue;\ntry entry_set.append(item.?);\n}\nreturn entry_set;\n}  // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\npub fn keySet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(usize) {\nvar key_set = std.ArrayList(usize).init(self.mem_allocator);\nfor (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\nif (item == null) continue;\ntry key_set.append(item.?.key);\n}\nreturn key_set;\n}  // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\npub fn valueSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList([]const u8) {\nvar value_set = std.ArrayList([]const u8).init(self.mem_allocator);\nfor (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\nif (item == null) continue;\ntry value_set.append(item.?.val);\n}\nreturn value_set;\n}\n// \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\npub fn print(self: *Self) !void {\nvar entry_set = try self.pairSet();\ndefer entry_set.deinit();\nfor (entry_set.items) |item| {\nstd.debug.print(\"{} -&gt; {s}\\n\", .{item.key, item.val});\n}\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.dart<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\nint key;\nString val;\nPair(this.key, this.val);\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\nlate List&lt;Pair?&gt; _buckets;\nArrayHashMap() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n_buckets = List.filled(100, null);\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint _hashFunc(int key) {\nfinal int index = key % 100;\nreturn index;\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nString? get(int key) {\nfinal int index = _hashFunc(key);\nfinal Pair? pair = _buckets[index];\nif (pair == null) {\nreturn null;\n}\nreturn pair.val;\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(int key, String val) {\nfinal Pair pair = Pair(key, val);\nfinal int index = _hashFunc(key);\n_buckets[index] = pair;\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid remove(int key) {\nfinal int index = _hashFunc(key);\n_buckets[index] = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet() {\nList&lt;Pair&gt; pairSet = [];\nfor (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\npairSet.add(pair);\n}\n}\nreturn pairSet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nList&lt;int&gt; keySet() {\nList&lt;int&gt; keySet = [];\nfor (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nkeySet.add(pair.key);\n}\n}\nreturn keySet;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nList&lt;String&gt; values() {\nList&lt;String&gt; valueSet = [];\nfor (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\nif (pair != null) {\nvalueSet.add(pair.val);\n}\n}\nreturn valueSet;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid printHashMap() {\nfor (final Pair kv in pairSet()) {\nprint(\"${kv.key} -&gt; ${kv.val}\");\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_hash_map.rs<pre><code>/* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npub struct Pair {\npub key: i32,\npub val: String,\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b80\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub struct ArrayHashMap {\nbuckets: Vec&lt;Option&lt;Pair&gt;&gt;\n}\nimpl ArrayHashMap {\npub fn new() -&gt; ArrayHashMap {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\nSelf { buckets: vec![None; 100] }\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn hash_func(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; usize {\nkey as usize % 100\n}\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn get(&amp;self, key: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;String&gt; {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nself.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &amp;pair.val)\n}\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn put(&amp;mut self, key: i32, val: &amp;str) {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\nself.buckets[index] = Some(Pair {\nkey,\nval: val.to_string(),\n});\n}\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn remove(&amp;mut self, key: i32) {\nlet index = self.hash_func(key);\n// \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\nself.buckets[index] = None;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\npub fn entry_set(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;&amp;Pair&gt; {\nself.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref()).collect()\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\npub fn key_set(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;&amp;i32&gt; {\nself.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &amp;pair.key)).collect()\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\npub fn value_set(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;&amp;String&gt; {\nself.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &amp;pair.val)).collect()\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub fn print(&amp;self) {\nfor pair in self.entry_set() {\nprintln!(\"{} -&gt; {}\", pair.key, pair.val);\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#613","title":"6.1.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6269\u5bb9","text":"<p>\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709 <code>key</code> \u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u76f8\u540c\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684 <code>key</code> \u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u53f7\u4e3a 12836 \u548c 20336 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\uff1a</p> <pre><code>12836 % 100 = 36\n20336 % 100 = 36\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 hash collision\u300d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a <code>key</code> \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u524d\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 <code>(136, A)</code> \u548c <code>(236, D)</code> \u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 </p> <p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf <code>capacity</code> \u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 load factor\u300d\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(0.75\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u539f\u5148\u7684 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/","title":"6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u8f93\u5165 <code>key</code> \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u67e5\u8be2\u5230 <code>value</code> \uff0c\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 <code>key</code> \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u6876\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6 <code>value</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 <code>key</code> \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u89e6\u53d1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002</li> <li>\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002</li> <li>\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava \u7684 <code>HashMap</code> \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c Python \u7684 <code>Dict</code> \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u548c\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec MD5, SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA3 \u7b49\u3002MD5 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6821\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0cSHA-2 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u3002</li> <li>\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/#641-q-a","title":"6.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86</p> <p>\u5728 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c</p> <p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u66f4\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002</p> <p>\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5417\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u3002\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u548c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 <code>key</code> \u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u957f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8df3\u51fa\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f</p> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d6\u4f59\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u843d\u5165\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c <code>key</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u539f\u5148\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u591a\u4e2a <code>key</code> \uff0c\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/","title":"\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u5806\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5c71\u5ddd\u7684\u5cf0\u5ce6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c42\u53e0\u8d77\u4f0f\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u5404\u5f02\u3002</p> <p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c71\u5cf0\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0\u603b\u662f\u6700\u5148\u6620\u5165\u773c\u5e18\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>8.1 \u00a0 \u5806</li> <li>8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c</li> <li>8.3 \u00a0 Top-K \u95ee\u9898</li> <li>8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/","title":"8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#821","title":"8.2.1 \u00a0 \u501f\u52a9\u5165\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5165\u5806\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log{n})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#822","title":"8.2.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u5806\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u987b\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List&lt;Integer&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(nums);\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = parent(size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(vector&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = nums;\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = parent(size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def __init__(self, nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\"\"\"\n# \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nself.max_heap = nums\n# \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in range(self.parent(self.size() - 1), -1, -1):\nself.sift_down(i)\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nfunc newMaxHeap(nums []any) *maxHeap {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nh := &amp;maxHeap{data: nums}\nfor i := len(h.data) - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nh.siftDown(i)\n}\nreturn h\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nthis.#maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = this.#parent(this.size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nthis.#siftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums?: number[]) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nthis.maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = this.parent(this.size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nthis.siftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nmaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nmaxHeap *h = (maxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(maxHeap));\nh-&gt;size = size;\nmemcpy(h-&gt;data, nums, size * sizeof(int));\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nsiftDown(h, i);\n}\nreturn h;\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(IEnumerable&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = new List&lt;int&gt;(nums);\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nvar size = parent(this.size() - 1);\nfor (int i = size; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\ninit(nums: [Int]) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nmaxHeap = nums\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {\nsiftDown(i: i)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\nfn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []const T) !void {\nif (self.max_heap != null) return;\nself.max_heap = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\ntry self.max_heap.?.appendSlice(nums);\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nvar i: usize = parent(self.size() - 1) + 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\ntry self.siftDown(i - 1);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n_maxHeap = nums;\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = _parent(size() - 1); i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(i);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nfn new(nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;) -&gt; Self {\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\nlet mut heap = MaxHeap { max_heap: nums };\n// \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in (0..=Self::parent(heap.size() - 1)).rev() {\nheap.sift_down(i);\n}\nheap\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#823","title":"8.2.3 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u63a8\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(/\\) \u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n - 1)/2\\) \uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u591a\u5806\u5316\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5efa\u5806\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u9876\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u8bbe\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff08\u5373\u5806\uff09\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5806\u5316\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u8ddd\u79bb\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf </p> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(\\times\\) \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5806\u5316\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002</p> \\[ T(h) = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{(h-1)}\\times1 \\] <p>\u5316\u7b80\u4e0a\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5217\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5148\u5bf9 \\(T(h)\\) \u4e58\u4ee5 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) &amp; = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{h-1}\\times1 \\newline 2 T(h) &amp; = 2^1h + 2^2(h-1) + 2^3(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{h}\\times1 \\newline \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u4f4d\u76f8\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e0b\u5f0f \\(2 T(h)\\) \u51cf\u53bb\u4e0a\u5f0f \\(T(h)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u5f97</p> \\[ 2T(h) - T(h) = T(h) = -2^0h + 2^1 + 2^2 + \\dots + 2^{h-1} + 2^h \\] <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 \\(T(h)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u6bd4\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6c42\u548c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a</p> \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) &amp; = 2 \\frac{1 - 2^h}{1 - 2} - h \\newline &amp; = 2^{h+1} - h - 2 \\newline &amp; = O(2^h) \\end{aligned} \\] <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n = 2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^h) = O(n)\\) \u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/","title":"8.1 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"<p>\u300c\u5806 heap\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u300c\u5927\u9876\u5806 max heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\geq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806 min heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\leq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u4e0e\u5927\u9876\u5806 </p> <p>\u5806\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5e95\u5c42\u6700\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u5e95\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff09\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5373\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u503c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#811","title":"8.1.1 \u00a0 \u5806\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u300c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217 priority queue\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u961f\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u987a\u5e8f\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u201d\u770b\u4f5c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u505a\u7279\u522b\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5806\u201c\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002</p> <p>\u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c1\u4e0b\u8868\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u5806\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) pop() \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5927 / \u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6700\u5927 / \u5c0f\u503c\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) size() \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf \\(O(1)\\) isEmpty() \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5806\u7c7b\uff08\u6216\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff09\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust heap.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; minHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; maxHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;((a, b) -&gt; b - a);\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.offer(1);\nmaxHeap.offer(3);\nmaxHeap.offer(2);\nmaxHeap.offer(5);\nmaxHeap.offer(4);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.peek(); // 5\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = heap.poll();  // 5\npeek = heap.poll();  // 4\npeek = heap.poll();  // 3\npeek = heap.poll();  // 2\npeek = heap.poll();  // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 5, 4));\n</code></pre> heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; minHeap;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, less&lt;int&gt;&gt; maxHeap;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.push(1);\nmaxHeap.push(3);\nmaxHeap.push(2);\nmaxHeap.push(5);\nmaxHeap.push(4);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.top(); // 5\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 5\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 4\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 3\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 2\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.empty();\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; input{1, 3, 2, 5, 4};\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; minHeap(input.begin(), input.end());\n</code></pre> heap.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nmin_heap, flag = [], 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nmax_heap, flag = [], -1\n# Python \u7684 heapq \u6a21\u5757\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n# \u8003\u8651\u5c06\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u8d1f\u201d\u540e\u518d\u5165\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u98a0\u5012\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u9876\u5806\n# \u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cflag = 1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0cflag = -1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5927\u9876\u5806\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 1)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 3)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 2)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 5)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 4)\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = flag * max_heap[0] # 5\n# \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\n# \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 5\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 4\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 3\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 2\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 1\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\nsize: int = len(max_heap)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = not max_heap\n# \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\nmin_heap: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\nheapq.heapify(min_heap)\n</code></pre> heap.go<pre><code>// Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6574\u6570\u5927\u9876\u5806\n// \u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0 sort.Interface\ntype intHeap []any\n// Push heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a8\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u5806\nfunc (h *intHeap) Push(x any) {\n// Push \u548c Pop \u4f7f\u7528 pointer receiver \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\n// \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5207\u7247\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5207\u7247\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\n*h = append(*h, x.(int))\n}\n// Pop heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f39\u51fa\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Pop() any {\n// \u5f85\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6700\u540e\nlast := (*h)[len(*h)-1]\n*h = (*h)[:len(*h)-1]\nreturn last\n}\n// Len sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Len() int {\nreturn len(*h)\n}\n// Less sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {\n// \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7\nreturn (*h)[i].(int) &gt; (*h)[j].(int)\n}\n// Swap sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Swap(i, j int) {\n(*h)[i], (*h)[j] = (*h)[j], (*h)[i]\n}\n// Top \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Top() any {\nreturn (*h)[0]\n}\n/* Driver Code */\nfunc TestHeap(t *testing.T) {\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nmaxHeap := &amp;intHeap{}\nheap.Init(maxHeap)\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\n// \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 1)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 3)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 2)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 4)\nheap.Push(maxHeap, 5)\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\ntop := maxHeap.Top()\nfmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a %d\\n\", top)\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u79fb\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 5\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 4\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 3\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 2\nheap.Pop(maxHeap) // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nsize := len(*maxHeap)\nfmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a %d\\n\", size)\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := len(*maxHeap) == 0\nfmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a %t\\n\", isEmpty)\n}\n</code></pre> heap.js<pre><code>// JavaScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.ts<pre><code>// TypeScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; minHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; maxHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;(Comparer&lt;int&gt;.Create((x, y) =&gt; y - x));\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(1, 1);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(3, 3);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(2, 2);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(5, 5);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(4, 4);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.Peek();//5\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 5\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 4\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 3\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 2\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 1\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.Count == 0;\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;(new List&lt;(int, int)&gt; { (1, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 5), (4, 4), });\n</code></pre> heap.swift<pre><code>// Swift \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> heap.dart<pre><code>// Dart \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n</code></pre> heap.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#812","title":"8.1.2 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e0b\u6587\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u53d6\u9006\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06 \\(\\geq\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(\\leq\\) \uff09\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \uff0c\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((i - 1) / 2\\)\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5806\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8 </p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def left(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 1\ndef right(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 2\ndef parent(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn (i - 1) // 2  # \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) left(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) right(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) parent(i int) int {\n// \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\nreturn (i - 1) / 2\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#left(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#right(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#parent(i) {\nreturn Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i: number): number {\nreturn Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc left(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc right(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc parent(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n(i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\nfn left(i: usize) usize {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\nfn right(i: usize) usize {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\nfn parent(i: usize) usize {\n// return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\nreturn @divFloor(i - 1, 2);\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) ~/ 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn left(i: usize) -&gt; usize {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn right(i: usize) -&gt; usize {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn parent(i: usize) -&gt; usize {\n(i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn maxHeap.get(0);\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nreturn self.max_heap[0]\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) peek() any {\nreturn h.data[0]\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nreturn this.#maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nreturn this.maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(maxHeap *h) {\nreturn h-&gt;data[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nmaxHeap[0]\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfn peek(self: *Self) T {\nreturn self.max_heap.?.items[0];\n}  </code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nreturn _maxHeap[0];\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;i32&gt; {\nself.max_heap.first().copied()\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 <code>val</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u5e95\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e val \u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u4ece\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5806\u5316 heapify\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u5165\u5806\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u4fee\u590d\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u8bbe\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8f6e\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.add(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || maxHeap.get(i) &lt;= maxHeap.get(p))\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.push_back(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || maxHeap[i] &lt;= maxHeap[p])\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def push(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\"\"\"\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nself.max_heap.append(val)\n# \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_up(self.size() - 1)\ndef sift_up(self, i: int):\n\"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\nwhile True:\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\np = self.parent(i)\n# \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif p &lt; 0 or self.max_heap[i] &lt;= self.max_heap[p]:\nbreak\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, p)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) push(val any) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nh.data = append(h.data, val)\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nh.siftUp(len(h.data) - 1)\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftUp(i int) {\nfor true {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\np := h.parent(i)\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif p &lt; 0 || h.data[i].(int) &lt;= h.data[p].(int) {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nh.swap(i, p)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#maxHeap.push(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nthis.#siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftUp(i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nconst p = this.#parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || this.#maxHeap[i] &lt;= this.#maxHeap[p]) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val: number): void {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nthis.maxHeap.push(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nthis.siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftUp(i: number): void {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nconst p = this.parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || this.maxHeap[i] &lt;= this.maxHeap[p]) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(maxHeap *h, int val) {\n// \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8282\u70b9\nif (h-&gt;size == MAX_SIZE) {\nprintf(\"heap is full!\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nh-&gt;data[h-&gt;size] = val;\nh-&gt;size++;\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(h, h-&gt;size - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(h, i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || h-&gt;data[i] &lt;= h-&gt;data[p]) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(h, i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.Add(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = parent(i);\n// \u82e5\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || maxHeap[i] &lt;= maxHeap[p])\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc push(val: Int) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.append(val)\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(i: size() - 1)\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftUp(i: Int) {\nvar i = i\nwhile true {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nlet p = parent(i: i)\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif p &lt; 0 || maxHeap[i] &lt;= maxHeap[p] {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i: i, j: p)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfn push(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\ntry self.max_heap.?.append(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\ntry self.siftUp(self.size() - 1);\n}  // \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nfn siftUp(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\nvar i = i_;\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nvar p = parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 or self.max_heap.?.items[i] &lt;= self.max_heap.?.items[p]) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\ntry self.swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n_maxHeap.add(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nsiftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nint p = _parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (p &lt; 0 || _maxHeap[i] &lt;= _maxHeap[p]) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n_swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfn push(&amp;mut self, val: i32) {\n// \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\nself.max_heap.push(val);\n// \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_up(self.size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_up(&amp;mut self, mut i: usize) {\nloop {\n// \u8282\u70b9 i \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5806\u9876\u8282\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif i == 0 {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\nlet p = Self::parent(i);\n// \u5f53\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif self.max_heap[i] &lt;= self.max_heap[p] {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, p);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\ni = p;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806","text":"<p>\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5217\u8868\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u5316\u4fee\u590d\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4ea4\u6362\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5806\u5e95\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust my_heap.java<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(0, size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap.get(l) &gt; maxHeap.get(ma))\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap.get(r) &gt; maxHeap.get(ma))\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nvoid pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (empty()) {\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nmaxHeap.pop_back();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[l] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[r] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\nswap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.py<pre><code>def pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\"\"\"\n# \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nself.swap(0, self.size() - 1)\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nval = self.max_heap.pop()\n# \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_down(0)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val\ndef sift_down(self, i: int):\n\"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\nwhile True:\n# \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nl, r, ma = self.left(i), self.right(i), i\nif l &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap[l] &gt; self.max_heap[ma]:\nma = l\nif r &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap[r] &gt; self.max_heap[ma]:\nma = r\n# \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i:\nbreak\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, ma)\n# \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n</code></pre> my_heap.go<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) pop() any {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif h.isEmpty() {\nfmt.Println(\"error\")\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nh.swap(0, h.size()-1)\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nval := h.data[len(h.data)-1]\nh.data = h.data[:len(h.data)-1]\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nh.siftDown(0)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftDown(i int) {\nfor true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\nl, r, max := h.left(i), h.right(i), i\nif l &lt; h.size() &amp;&amp; h.data[l].(int) &gt; h.data[max].(int) {\nmax = l\n}\nif r &lt; h.size() &amp;&amp; h.data[r].(int) &gt; h.data[max].(int) {\nmax = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif max == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nh.swap(i, max)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = max\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.js<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nthis.#swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nconst val = this.#maxHeap.pop();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nthis.#siftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftDown(i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nconst l = this.#left(i),\nr = this.#right(i);\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.#maxHeap[l] &gt; this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.#maxHeap[r] &gt; this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.ts<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop(): number {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new RangeError('Heap is empty.');\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nthis.swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nconst val = this.maxHeap.pop();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nthis.siftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftDown(i: number): void {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nconst l = this.left(i),\nr = this.right(i);\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.maxHeap[l] &gt; this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; this.size() &amp;&amp; this.maxHeap[r] &gt; this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nthis.swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.c<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop(maxHeap *h) {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty(h)) {\nprintf(\"heap is empty!\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(h, 0, size(h) - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = h-&gt;data[h-&gt;size - 1];\nh-&gt;size--;\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(h, 0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(maxHeap *h, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\nint l = left(h, i);\nint r = right(h, i);\nint max = i;\nif (l &lt; size(h) &amp;&amp; h-&gt;data[l] &gt; h-&gt;data[max]) {\nmax = l;\n}\nif (r &lt; size(h) &amp;&amp; h-&gt;data[r] &gt; h-&gt;data[max]) {\nmax = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (max == i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(h, i, max);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = max;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.cs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(0, size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = maxHeap.Last();\nmaxHeap.RemoveAt(size() - 1);\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[l] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; maxHeap[r] &gt; maxHeap[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u201c\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.swift<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nlet val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(i: 0)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(i: Int) {\nvar i = i\nwhile true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = left(i: i)\nlet r = right(i: i)\nvar ma = i\nif l &lt; size(), maxHeap[l] &gt; maxHeap[ma] {\nma = l\n}\nif r &lt; size(), maxHeap[r] &gt; maxHeap[ma] {\nma = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(i: i, j: ma)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.zig<pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\nfn pop(self: *Self) !T {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u5904\u7406\nif (self.isEmpty()) unreachable;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\ntry self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nvar val = self.max_heap.?.pop();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\ntry self.siftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n} // \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nfn siftDown(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\nvar i = i_;\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nvar l = left(i);\nvar r = right(i);\nvar ma = i;\nif (l &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[l] &gt; self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[r] &gt; self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\ntry self.swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.dart<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif (isEmpty()) throw Exception('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n_swap(0, size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nint val = _maxHeap.removeLast();\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = _left(i);\nint r = _right(i);\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; size() &amp;&amp; _maxHeap[l] &gt; _maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; size() &amp;&amp; _maxHeap[r] &gt; _maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n_swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> my_heap.rs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif self.is_empty() {\npanic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nself.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nlet val = self.max_heap.remove(self.size() - 1);\n// \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nself.sift_down(0);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nval\n}\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(&amp;mut self, mut i: usize) {\nloop {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet (l, r, mut ma) = (Self::left(i), Self::right(i), i);\nif l &lt; self.size() &amp;&amp; self.max_heap[l] &gt; self.max_heap[ma] {\nma = l;\n}\nif r &lt; self.size() &amp;&amp; self.max_heap[r] &gt; self.max_heap[ma] {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nself.swap(i, ma);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#813","title":"8.1.3 \u00a0 \u5806\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u9996\u9009\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7ae0\u8282\u3002</li> <li>\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u70ed\u5ea6\u524d 10 \u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fae\u535a\u70ed\u641c\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u9500\u91cf\u524d 10 \u7684\u5546\u54c1\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/","title":"8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5927\u9876\u5806\u548c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u9876\u5806\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u961f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3001\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002</li> <li>\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002</li> <li>\u8f93\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</li> <li>Top-K \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9ad8\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/#841-q-a","title":"8.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u78b0\u5de7\u90fd\u53eb\u5806\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6808\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u548c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/","title":"8.3 \u00a0 Top-K \u95ee\u9898","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u524d \\(k\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5806\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#831","title":"8.3.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c \\(k\\) \u8f6e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c \\(1\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(\\dots\\) , \\(k\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nk)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\(k \\ll n\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 </p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u5f53 \\(k = n\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#832","title":"8.3.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u8d85\u989d\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#833","title":"8.3.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u5806","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3 Top-K \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5176\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u5165\u5806\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u7b2c \\(k + 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u3002</li> <li>\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 </p> <p>\u603b\u5171\u6267\u884c\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust top_k.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; topKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; heap = new PriorityQueue&lt;Integer&gt;();\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nheap.offer(nums[i]);\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.peek()) {\nheap.poll();\nheap.offer(nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; topKHeap(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int k) {\npriority_queue&lt;int, vector&lt;int&gt;, greater&lt;int&gt;&gt; heap;\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nheap.push(nums[i]);\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.size(); i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.top()) {\nheap.pop();\nheap.push(nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.py<pre><code>def top_k_heap(nums: list[int], k: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nheap = []\n# \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor i in range(k):\nheapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\n# \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor i in range(k, len(nums)):\n# \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif nums[i] &gt; heap[0]:\nheapq.heappop(heap)\nheapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\nreturn heap\n</code></pre> top_k.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums []int, k int) *minHeap {\nh := &amp;minHeap{}\nheap.Init(h)\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor i := 0; i &lt; k; i++ {\nheap.Push(h, nums[i])\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor i := k; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif nums[i] &gt; h.Top().(int) {\nheap.Pop(h)\nheap.Push(h, nums[i])\n}\n}\nreturn h\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; topKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\nPriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt; heap = new PriorityQueue&lt;int, int&gt;();\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nheap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.Peek()) {\nheap.Dequeue();\nheap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums: [Int], k: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nvar heap = Array(nums.prefix(k))\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor i in stride(from: k, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif nums[i] &gt; heap.first! {\nheap.removeFirst()\nheap.insert(nums[i], at: 0)\n}\n}\nreturn heap\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n</code></pre> top_k.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nMinHeap topKHeap(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int k) {\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nMinHeap heap = MinHeap(nums.sublist(0, k));\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor (int i = k; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif (nums[i] &gt; heap.peek()) {\nheap.pop();\nheap.push(nums[i]);\n}\n}\nreturn heap;\n}\n</code></pre> top_k.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn top_k_heap(nums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;, k: usize) -&gt; BinaryHeap&lt;Reverse&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\n// Rust \u7684 BinaryHeap \u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Reverse \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\u53cd\u8f6c\nlet mut heap = BinaryHeap::&lt;Reverse&lt;i32&gt;&gt;::new();\n// \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfor &amp;num in nums.iter().take(k) {\nheap.push(Reverse(num));\n}\n// \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\nfor &amp;num in nums.iter().skip(k) {\n// \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nif num &gt; heap.peek().unwrap().0 {\nheap.pop();\nheap.push(Reverse(num));\n}\n}\nheap\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/","title":"\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u521d\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c11\u5973\u7fe9\u7fe9\u8d77\u821e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u88d9\u6446\u4e0a\u98d8\u626c\u7740\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002</p> <p>\u5979\u9080\u8bf7\u4f60\u5171\u821e\uff0c\u8bf7\u7d27\u8ddf\u5979\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u8e0f\u5165\u5145\u6ee1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u7f8e\u611f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e16\u754c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728</li> <li>1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48</li> <li>1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/","title":"1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728","text":"<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u4eab\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u67e5\u9605\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6309\u7167\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u7ffb\u5f00\u5b57\u5178\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u9875\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d \\(r\\) \u4f4d\u4e8e \\(m\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>1.</code> \u548c \u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u9875\u7801\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u67e5\u9605\u5b57\u5178\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff1b\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6253\u724c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c40\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u201d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6700\u5de6 1 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6700\u5de6 2 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c06\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6251\u514b\u724c\u90fd\u6709\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6251\u514b\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u724c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002</p> <p>\u4f8b\u4e09\uff1a\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8d85\u5e02\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86 \\(69\\) \u5143\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u7ed9\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u4ed8\u4e86 \\(100\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5219\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u9700\u8981\u627e\u6211\u4eec \\(31\\) \u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002</p> <ol> <li>\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u662f\u6bd4 \\(31\\) \u5143\u9762\u503c\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \\(1\\) \u5143\u3001\\(5\\) \u5143\u3001\\(10\\) \u5143\u3001\\(20\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(20\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(31 - 20 = 11\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(10\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(11 - 10 = 1\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(1\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(1 - 1 = 0\\) \u5143\u3002</li> <li>\u5b8c\u6210\u627e\u96f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a \\(20 + 10 + 1 = 31\\) \u5143\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u8fc7\u7a0b </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5927\u9762\u989d\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u627e\u96f6\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u5c0f\u5230\u70f9\u996a\u4e00\u9053\u83dc\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u661f\u9645\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528 CPU \u548c GPU \u6267\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u9605\u8bfb\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6bbf\u5802\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/summary/","title":"1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u9ad8\u6df1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u9605\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002</li> <li>\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002</li> <li>\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u53d1\u6325\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002</li> <li>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/","title":"1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48","text":""},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#121","title":"1.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"<p>\u300c\u7b97\u6cd5 algorithm\u300d\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</li> <li>\u5404\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u59cb\u7ec8\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#122","title":"1.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"<p>\u300c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 data structure\u300d\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u5f97\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6743\u8861\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002</li> <li>\u56fe\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#123","title":"1.2.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb","text":"<p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3001\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u7279\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb </p> <p>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u96f6\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9644\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7ec4\u88c5\u51fa\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728 </p> <p>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u79ef\u6728 </p> \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5 \u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728 \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e \u672a\u62fc\u88c5\u7684\u79ef\u6728 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 \u79ef\u6728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49 \u7b97\u6cd5 \u628a\u79ef\u6728\u62fc\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e \u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f97\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u7b80\u79f0</p> <p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684 LeetCode \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/","title":"\u7b2c 0 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u524d\u8a00","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u50cf\u97f5\u5f8b\u822c\u6d41\u6dcc\u3002</p> <p>\u613f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u8f7b\u8f7b\u54cd\u8d77\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66</li> <li>0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66</li> <li>0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/","title":"0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66","text":"<p>\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u65e8\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u65b0\u624b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5168\u4e66\u91c7\u7528\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5730\u8bb2\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7686\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u652f\u6301 Java, C++, Python, Go, JS, TS, C#, Swift, Zig \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u3002</li> <li>\u9f13\u52b1\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u7ae0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u533a\u4e92\u5e2e\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u65e5\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#011","title":"0.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61","text":"<p>\u82e5\u60a8\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5237\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u6a2a\u8df3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u60a8\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\uff01</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5237\u9898\u91cf\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u52a9\u60a8\u56de\u987e\u4e0e\u68b3\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed3\u5e93\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> <p>\u82e5\u60a8\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5927\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u6536\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6</p> <p>\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#012","title":"0.1.2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784","text":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u9898\u76ee\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#013","title":"0.1.3 \u00a0 \u81f4\u8c22","text":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u674e\u6c50\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7545\u8c08\u4e2d\u60a8\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u201c\u5feb\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u9996\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c0f\u767d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u4e66\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u65b0\u624b\u9605\u8bfb\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u817e\u5b9d\u3001\u7426\u5b9d\u3001\u98de\u5b9d\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u5927\u5bb6\u5199\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 \"Hello World!\" \u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u56de\u5fc6\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22\u82cf\u6f7c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u548c LOGO\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u4e0b\u591a\u6b21\u8010\u5fc3\u4fee\u6539\u3002</li> <li>\u611f\u8c22 @squidfunk \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6392\u7248\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee Material-for-MkDocs \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6559\u6750\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8303\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u611f\u8c22\u6240\u6709\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u524d\u8f88\u4eec\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff01</p> <p>\u672c\u4e66\u5021\u5bfc\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u6df1\u53d7\u300a\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u300b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5411\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u672c\u4f18\u79c0\u8457\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u8877\u5fc3\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5bcc\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u7684\u4e8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/","title":"0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66","text":"<p>Tip</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u901a\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#021","title":"0.2.1 \u00a0 \u884c\u6587\u98ce\u683c\u7ea6\u5b9a","text":"<ul> <li>\u6807\u9898\u540e\u6807\u6ce8 <code>*</code> \u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002</li> <li>\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u6709\u7279\u6307\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u53e5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>\u201c\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u201d</code> \u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49\u3002</li> <li>\u91cd\u8981\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f1a\u7528 <code>\u300c \u300d</code> \u62ec\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d</code> \u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u3002</li> <li>\u52a0\u7c97\u7684\u6587\u5b57 \u8868\u793a\u91cd\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5747\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u672c\u4e66\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6392\u7248\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\"\"\"\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\"\"\"\n# \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\"\"\"\n\u591a\u884c\n\u6ce8\u91ca\n\"\"\"\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>// \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u591a\u884c\n// \u6ce8\u91ca\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#022","title":"0.2.2 \u00a0 \u5728\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u5b66\u4e60","text":"<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u56fe\u89e3\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b57\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8865\u5145\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u52a8\u753b\u6216\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u65b9\uff09\u4e3a\u8f85\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#023","title":"0.2.3 \u00a0 \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3","text":"<p>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u914d\u5957\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u6258\u7ba1\u5728 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u9644\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u53c2\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u884c\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8bf7\u81f3\u5c11\u901a\u8bfb\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5b66\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u7167\u9644\u5f55\u6559\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5219\u53ef\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002</p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5 Git \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u514b\u9686\u672c\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002</p> <pre><code>git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git\n</code></pre> <p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u70b9\u51fb\u201cDownload ZIP\u201d\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u89e3\u538b\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u514b\u9686\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801 </p> <p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u9876\u90e8\u6807\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684 <code>codes</code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#024","title":"0.2.4 \u00a0 \u5728\u63d0\u95ee\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f","text":"<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u201c\u60ef\u7740\u201d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5b66\u660e\u767d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u63d0\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5c06\u7aed\u8bda\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u5929\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d\u3002</p> <p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u80fd\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u591a\u82b1\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u5bb6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u67e5\u6f0f\u8865\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6fc0\u53d1\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u80fd\u6177\u6168\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5206\u4eab\u60a8\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#025","title":"0.2.5 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf","text":"<p>\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u9014\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</li> <li>\u5237\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u70ed\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\u5f00\u5237\uff0c\u5982\u5251\u6307 Offer\u548cLeetCode Hot 100\uff0c\u5148\u79ef\u7d2f\u81f3\u5c11 100 \u9053\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u521d\u6b21\u5237\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9057\u5fd8\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u201c\u827e\u5bbe\u6d69\u65af\u9057\u5fd8\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8fdb\u884c 3-5 \u8f6e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u7262\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u3002</li> <li>\u642d\u5efa\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e30\u5bcc\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5237\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91c7\u7528\u8fdb\u9636\u5237\u9898\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u6309\u4e13\u9898\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u4e00\u9898\u591a\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u89e3\u591a\u9898\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5237\u9898\u5fc3\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u627e\u5230\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u672c\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6db5\u76d6\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf </p>"},{"location":"chapter_preface/summary/","title":"0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u4f17\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u987e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e66\u5185\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</li> <li>\u4e66\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\u7c4d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c11\u8d70\u8bb8\u591a\u5f2f\u8def\u3002</li> <li>\u4e66\u5185\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u548c\u56fe\u89e3\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u3002</li> <li>\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e43\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u6572\u6253\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</li> <li>\u672c\u4e66\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u533a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u968f\u65f6\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u4e0e\u89c1\u89e3\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_reference/","title":"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e","text":"<p>[1] Thomas H. Cormen, et al. Introduction to Algorithms (3<sup>rd</sup> Edition).</p> <p>[2] Aditya Bhargava. Grokking Algorithms: An Illustrated Guide for Programmers and Other Curious People (1<sup>st</sup> Edition).</p> <p>[3] \u4e25\u851a\u654f. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff09.</p> <p>[4] \u9093\u4fca\u8f89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C++ \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.</p> <p>[5] \u9a6c\u514b \u827e\u4f26 \u7ef4\u65af\u8457\uff0c\u9648\u8d8a\u8bd1. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff1aJava\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.</p> <p>[6] \u7a0b\u6770. \u5927\u8bdd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784.</p> <p>[7] \u738b\u4e89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7f8e.</p> <p>[8] Gayle Laakmann McDowell. Cracking the Coding Interview: 189 Programming Questions and Solutions (6<sup>th</sup> Edition). </p> <p>[9] Aston Zhang, et al. Dive into Deep Learning.</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/","title":"\u7b2c 10 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u904d\u795e\u79d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u9501\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u5bfb\u89c5\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u66fe\u6599\u60f3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e</li> <li>10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9</li> <li>10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c</li> <li>10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565</li> <li>10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/","title":"10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e","text":"<p>\u300c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e binary search\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \u5728\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488 \\(i = 0\\) \u548c \\(j = n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n - 1]\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u672c\u8eab\u3002</p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m = \\lfloor {(i + j) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor \\space \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u5224\u65ad <code>nums[m]</code> \u548c <code>target</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<ol> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &lt; target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e <code>target</code> \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([m + 1, j]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(i = m + 1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &gt; target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e <code>target</code> \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(j = m - 1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] = target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \u3002</li> </ol> </li> </ol> <p>\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1abinary_search_step1 </p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u90fd\u662f <code>int</code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(i + j\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa <code>int</code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u5f0f \\(m = \\lfloor {i + (j - i) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.py<pre><code>def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\ni, j = 0, len(nums) - 1\n# \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt;= j:\n# \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a Python \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5927\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m - 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nelse:\nreturn m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n</code></pre> binary_search.go<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\ni, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nfor i &lt;= j {\nm := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.js<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\nconst m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse return m; // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.ts<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\nreturn -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.c<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = len - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\nelse                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nvar i = 0\nvar j = nums.count - 1\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.zig<pre><code>// \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\nfn binarySearch(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nvar i: usize = 0;\nvar j: usize = nums.items.len - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nvar m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums.items[m] &lt; target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums.items[m] &gt; target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn @intCast(m);\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.rs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfn binary_search(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut i = 0;\nlet mut j = nums.len() as i32 - 1;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i &gt; j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m as usize] &lt; target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if nums[m as usize] &gt; target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}                       }\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5206\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)  \u3002\u6307\u9488 <code>i</code> , <code>j</code> \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1011","title":"10.1.1 \u00a0 \u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a \\([0, n)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u5728 \\(i = j\\) \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.size();\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.py<pre><code>def binary_search_lcro(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\ni, j = 0, len(nums)\n# \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt; j:\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nelse:\nreturn m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n</code></pre> binary_search.go<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums []int, target int) int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\ni, j := 0, len(nums)\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nfor i &lt; j {\nm := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.js<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums, target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\nconst m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target)\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nelse return m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.ts<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nlet i = 0,\nj = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nconst m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\nreturn -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.c<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = len;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\nelse if (nums[m] &gt; target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\nelse                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nvar i = 0\nvar j = nums.count\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt; j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m\n} else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.zig<pre><code>// \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09\nfn binarySearchLCRO(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nvar i: usize = 0;\nvar j: usize = nums.items.len;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nvar m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums.items[m] &lt; target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums.items[m] &gt; target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n} else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn @intCast(m);\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nint i = 0, j = nums.length;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\n// \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search.rs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\uff09 */\nfn binary_search_lcro(nums: &amp;[i32], target: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\nlet mut i = 0;\nlet mut j = nums.len() as i32;\n// \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\nwhile i &lt; j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m as usize] &lt; target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\ni = m + 1;\n} else if nums[m as usize] &gt; target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\nj = m - 1;\n} else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn m;\n}                       }\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nreturn -1;\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7686\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1012","title":"10.1.2 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n = 2^{20}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981 \\(2^{20} = 1048576\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(\\log_2 2^{20} = 20\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u82e5\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\uff08\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u30011 \u6b21\u9664\u6cd5\u30011 ~ 3 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u30011 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\uff08\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5171 4 ~ 6 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/","title":"10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1031","title":"10.3.1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u5fc6\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5b8c\u6210\u540e \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u8d8a\u754c\uff1b</li> <li>\u5143\u7d20 <code>nums[i]</code> \u4e0e <code>target</code> \u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff1b</li> </ol> <p>\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_edge.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.size() || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.py<pre><code>def binary_search_left_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n# \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\ni = binary_search_insertion(nums, target)\n# \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i == len(nums) or nums[i] != target:\nreturn -1\n# \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.Length || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchLeftEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nlet i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target)\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif i == nums.count || nums[i] != target {\nreturn -1\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_left_edge}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1032","title":"10.3.2 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c","text":"<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5728 <code>nums[m] == target</code> \u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6536\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u590d\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target + 1</code>\u3002</p> <p>\u67e5\u627e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target + 1</code>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u800c \\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de \\(j\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c </p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97 \\(j\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_edge.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.py<pre><code>def binary_search_right_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n# \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\ni = binary_search_insertion(nums, target + 1)\n# j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nj = i - 1\n# \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif j == -1 or nums[j] != target:\nreturn -1\n# \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchRightEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nlet i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target + 1)\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nlet j = i - 1\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif j == -1 || nums[j] != target {\nreturn -1\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\n// \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\nint i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n// j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\nint j = i - 1;\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\nreturn -1;\n}\n// \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\nreturn j;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_edge.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_right_edge}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u540e \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e <code>target - 0.5</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e <code>target + 0.5</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 </p> <p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6709\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u5173\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</li> <li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf <code>target</code> \u6539\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/","title":"10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1021","title":"10.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u73b0\u5c06 <code>target</code> \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u540e <code>target</code> \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e </p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u590d\u7528\u4e0a\u8282\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f</p> <p>\u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06 <code>target</code> \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684 <code>target</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u539f\u6765 <code>target</code> \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u8be5 <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u95ee\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f</p> <p>\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &lt; target</code> \u65f6 \\(i\\) \u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u5728\u5411\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002</p> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5206\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\uff1a\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6613\u5f97\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_insertion.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.py<pre><code>def binary_search_insertion_simple(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\ni, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j:\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nelse:\nreturn m  # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n# \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target {\ni = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target {\nj = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nreturn m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n}\n}\n// \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_insertion}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1022","title":"10.2.2 \u00a0 \u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"<p>Question</p> <p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u5c11 <code>target</code>\u3002</p> <p>\u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a <code>target</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(k\\) \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5411\u5de6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5f53\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 <code>target</code> \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 </p> <p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u7684 <code>target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002</p> <p>\u73b0\u8003\u8651\u4fee\u6539\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad <code>target</code> \u548c <code>nums[m]</code> \u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] &lt; target</code> \u6216 <code>nums[m] &gt; target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5411 <code>target</code> \u9760\u8fd1\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53 <code>nums[m] == target</code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528 \\(j = m - 1\\) \u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 <code>target</code> \uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5c31\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u652f <code>nums[m] &gt; target</code> \u548c <code>nums[m] == target</code> \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p> <p>\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_insertion.java<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cpp<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.py<pre><code>def binary_search_insertion(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\ni, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j:\nm = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target:\ni = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\nelif nums[m] &gt; target:\nj = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\nelse:\nj = m - 1  # \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.go<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.js<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.ts<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.c<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.cs<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.swift<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertion(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; Int {\nvar i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile i &lt;= j {\nlet m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif nums[m] &lt; target {\ni = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if nums[m] &gt; target {\nj = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1 // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.dart<pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\nwhile (i &lt;= j) {\nint m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\nif (nums[m] &lt; target) {\ni = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n} else if (nums[m] &gt; target) {\nj = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n} else {\nj = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_insertion.rs<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{binary_search_insertion}\n</code></pre> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u672c\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002</p> <p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 <code>target</code> \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u4e8e <code>target</code> \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e8c\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u903c\u8fd1\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6216\u662f\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/","title":"10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565","text":"<p>\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002</p> <p>Question</p> <p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 <code>target</code> \uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u548c\u201d\u4e3a <code>target</code> \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1041","title":"10.4.1 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"<p>\u8003\u8651\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a <code>target</code> \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust two_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] twoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\nreturn new int[] { i, j };\n}\n}\nreturn new int[0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nvector&lt;int&gt; twoSumBruteForce(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.size();\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\nreturn {i, j};\n}\n}\nreturn {};\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.py<pre><code>def two_sum_brute_force(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\"\"\"\n# \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1):\nfor j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):\nif nums[i] + nums[j] == target:\nreturn [i, j]\nreturn []\n</code></pre> two_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums []int, target int) []int {\nsize := len(nums)\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; size-1; i++ {\nfor j := i + 1; i &lt; size; j++ {\nif nums[i]+nums[j] == target {\nreturn []int{i, j}\n}\n}\n}\nreturn nil\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.js<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums, target) {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\nreturn [i, j];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.ts<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\nreturn [i, j];\n}\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.c<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint *twoSumBruteForce(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numsSize; ++i) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; numsSize; ++j) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\nint *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\nres[0] = i, res[1] = j;\n*returnSize = 2;\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n}\n*returnSize = 0;\nreturn NULL;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] twoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.Length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\nreturn new int[] { i, j };\n}\n}\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\nfor j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\nif nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\nreturn [i, j]\n}\n}\n}\nreturn [0]\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\nfn twoSumBruteForce(nums: []i32, target: i32) ?[2]i32 {\nvar size: usize = nums.len;\nvar i: usize = 0;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nwhile (i &lt; size - 1) : (i += 1) {\nvar j = i + 1;\nwhile (j &lt; size) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\nreturn [_]i32{@intCast(i), @intCast(j)};\n}\n}\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a \u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nList&lt;int&gt; twoSumBruteForce(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nfor (var j = i + 1; j &lt; size; j++) {\nif (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) return [i, j];\n}\n}\nreturn [0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\npub fn two_sum_brute_force(nums: &amp;Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\nlet size = nums.len();\n// \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n^2)\nfor i in 0..size - 1 {\nfor j in i + 1..size {\nif nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\nreturn Some(vec![i as i32, j as i32]);\n}\n}\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1042","title":"10.4.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4","text":"<p>\u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6267\u884c\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5224\u65ad\u6570\u5b57 <code>target - nums[i]</code> \u662f\u5426\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 <code>nums[i]</code> \u548c\u7d22\u5f15 <code>i</code> \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c </p> <p>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust two_sum.java<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] twoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nMap&lt;Integer, Integer&gt; dic = new HashMap&lt;&gt;();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn new int[] { dic.get(target - nums[i]), i };\n}\ndic.put(nums[i], i);\n}\nreturn new int[0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cpp<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; twoSumHashTable(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.size();\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nunordered_map&lt;int, int&gt; dic;\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.find(target - nums[i]) != dic.end()) {\nreturn {dic[target - nums[i]], i};\n}\ndic.emplace(nums[i], i);\n}\nreturn {};\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.py<pre><code>def two_sum_hash_table(nums: list[int], target: int) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n# \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\ndic = {}\n# \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\nif target - nums[i] in dic:\nreturn [dic[target - nums[i]], i]\ndic[nums[i]] = i\nreturn []\n</code></pre> two_sum.go<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums []int, target int) []int {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nhashTable := map[int]int{}\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor idx, val := range nums {\nif preIdx, ok := hashTable[target-val]; ok {\nreturn []int{preIdx, idx}\n}\nhashTable[val] = idx\n}\nreturn nil\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.js<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums, target) {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nlet m = {};\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nif (m[target - nums[i]] !== undefined) {\nreturn [m[target-nums[i]], i];\n} else {\nm[nums[i]] = i;\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.ts<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nlet m: Map&lt;number, number&gt; = new Map();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nlet index = m.get(target - nums[i]);\nif (index !== undefined) {\nreturn [index, i];\n} else {\nm.set(nums[i], i);\n}\n}\nreturn [];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.c<pre><code>/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct hashTable {\nint key;\nint val;\nUT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n};\ntypedef struct hashTable hashTable;\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u67e5\u8be2 */\nhashTable *find(hashTable *h, int key) {\nhashTable *tmp;\nHASH_FIND_INT(h, &amp;key, tmp);\nreturn tmp;\n}\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165 */\nvoid insert(hashTable *h, int key, int val) {\nhashTable *t = find(h, key);\nif (t == NULL) {\nhashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));\ntmp-&gt;key = key, tmp-&gt;val = val;\nHASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n} else {\nt-&gt;val = val;\n}\n}\n/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint *twoSumHashTable(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\nhashTable *hashtable = NULL;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; numsSize; i++) {\nhashTable *t = find(hashtable, target - nums[i]);\nif (t != NULL) {\nint *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\nres[0] = t-&gt;val, res[1] = i;\n*returnSize = 2;\nreturn res;\n}\ninsert(hashtable, nums[i], i);\n}\n*returnSize = 0;\nreturn NULL;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.cs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] twoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.Length;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nDictionary&lt;int, int&gt; dic = new();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.ContainsKey(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn new int[] { dic[target - nums[i]], i };\n}\ndic.Add(nums[i], i);\n}\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.swift<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums: [Int], target: Int) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nvar dic: [Int: Int] = [:]\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor i in nums.indices {\nif let j = dic[target - nums[i]] {\nreturn [j, i]\n}\ndic[nums[i]] = i\n}\nreturn [0]\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.zig<pre><code>// \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn twoSumHashTable(nums: []i32, target: i32) !?[2]i32 {\nvar size: usize = nums.len;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nvar dic = std.AutoHashMap(i32, i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer dic.deinit();\nvar i: usize = 0;\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nwhile (i &lt; size) : (i += 1) {\nif (dic.contains(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn [_]i32{dic.get(target - nums[i]).?, @intCast(i)};\n}\ntry dic.put(nums[i], @intCast(i));\n}\nreturn null;\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.dart<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nList&lt;int&gt; twoSumHashTable(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int target) {\nint size = nums.length;\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nMap&lt;int, int&gt; dic = HashMap();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (var i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\nreturn [dic[target - nums[i]]!, i];\n}\ndic.putIfAbsent(nums[i], () =&gt; i);\n}\nreturn [0];\n}\n</code></pre> two_sum.rs<pre><code>/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub fn two_sum_hash_table(nums: &amp;Vec&lt;i32&gt;, target: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;Vec&lt;i32&gt;&gt; {\n// \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nlet mut dic = HashMap::new();\n// \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\nfor (i, num) in nums.iter().enumerate() {\nmatch dic.get(&amp;(target - num)) {\nSome(v) =&gt; return Some(vec![*v as i32, i as i32]),\nNone =&gt; dic.insert(num, i as i32)\n};\n}\nNone\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u4e3a\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/","title":"10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 searching algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u6216\u56fe\uff09\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1051","title":"10.5.1 \u00a0 \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u662f\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u8d70\u5230\u5934\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u505a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1052","title":"10.5.2 \u00a0 \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22","text":"<p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff09\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u652f\u3002</p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1053","title":"10.5.3 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u53d6","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u591a\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565 </p> <p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e \u6811\u67e5\u627e \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406 / \u6392\u5e8f \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u6811 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f <p>\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8868\u683c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22</p> <ul> <li>\u901a\u7528\u6027\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f53\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e</p> <ul> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u589e\u5220\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e</p> <ul> <li>\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u98ce\u9669\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u6811\u67e5\u627e</p> <ul> <li>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528 AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u5219\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ef4\u62a4\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_searching/summary/","title":"10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u9010\u6b65\u7f29\u51cf\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u8f83\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</li> <li>\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5927\u578b\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002</li> <li>\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002 </li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/","title":"\u7b2c 11 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6392\u5e8f\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u628a\u5c06\u6df7\u4e71\u53d8\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002</p> <p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u90fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7f8e\u611f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5</li> <li>11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f</li> <li>11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/","title":"11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f bubble sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u50cf\u6c14\u6ce1\u4ece\u5e95\u90e8\u5347\u5230\u9876\u90e8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u62df\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u53f3\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5de6\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u5c31\u4ea4\u6362\u5b83\u4fe9\u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u62df\u5192\u6ce1 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1131","title":"11.3.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c</li> <li>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u5269\u4f59 \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust bubble_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n// \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\nswap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.py<pre><code>def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in range(i):\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]:\n# \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor j := 0; j &lt; i; j++ {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j+1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; size - 1 - i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\nint temp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = temp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nvar i: usize = nums.len - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar j: usize = 0;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nwhile (j &lt; i) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nvar tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0..i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\n}\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1132","title":"11.3.2 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d <code>flag</code> \u6765\u76d1\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</p> <p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust bubble_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nboolean flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag)\nbreak; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nbool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n// \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\nswap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag)\nbreak; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.py<pre><code>def bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\nflag = False  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in range(i):\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]:\n# \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\nflag = True  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\nif not flag:\nbreak  # \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums []int) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := len(nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\nflag := false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor j := 0; j &lt; i; j++ {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j+1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nnums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\nflag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif flag == false { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\nbreak\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nlet flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nlet flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nbool flag = false;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; size - 1 - i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\nint temp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = temp;\nflag = true;\n}\n}\nif (!flag)\nbreak;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nbool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break;     // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\nvar flag = false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\nfor j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j]\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1]\nnums[j + 1] = tmp\nflag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif !flag { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\nbreak\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: []i32) void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nvar i: usize = nums.len - 1;\nwhile (i &gt; 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar flag = false;   // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\nvar j: usize = 0;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nwhile (j &lt; i) : (j += 1) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nvar tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true;\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break;   // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\nbool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; i; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1]) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nint tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bubble_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\nlet mut flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \nfor j in 0..i {\nif nums[j] &gt; nums[j + 1] {\n// \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\nlet tmp = nums[j];\nnums[j] = nums[j + 1];\nnums[j + 1] = tmp;\nflag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n}\n}\nif !flag {break};  // \u6b64\u8f6e\u5192\u6ce1\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1133","title":"11.3.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5404\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\) , \\(n - 2\\) , \\(\\dots\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(1\\) \uff0c\u603b\u548c\u4e3a \\((n - 1) n / 2\\) \u3002\u5728\u5f15\u5165 <code>flag</code> \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4ea4\u6362\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/","title":"11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u51e0\u79cd\u201c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f bucket sort\u300d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u6309\u7167\u6876\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1181","title":"11.8.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u8303\u56f4 \\([0, 1)\\) \u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u6309\u7167\u6876\u7684\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust bucket_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float[] nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.length / 2;\nList&lt;List&lt;Float&gt;&gt; buckets = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.add(new ArrayList&lt;&gt;());\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (float num : nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = (int) (num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets.get(i).add(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (List&lt;Float&gt; bucket : buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nCollections.sort(bucket);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint i = 0;\nfor (List&lt;Float&gt; bucket : buckets) {\nfor (float num : bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(vector&lt;float&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.size() / 2;\nvector&lt;vector&lt;float&gt;&gt; buckets(k);\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (float num : nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = num * k;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\nbuckets[i].push_back(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (vector&lt;float&gt; &amp;bucket : buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nsort(bucket.begin(), bucket.end());\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint i = 0;\nfor (vector&lt;float&gt; &amp;bucket : buckets) {\nfor (float num : bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.py<pre><code>def bucket_sort(nums: list[float]):\n\"\"\"\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nk = len(nums) // 2\nbuckets = [[] for _ in range(k)]\n# 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor num in nums:\n# \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\ni = int(num * k)\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].append(num)\n# 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor bucket in buckets:\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort()\n# 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\ni = 0\nfor bucket in buckets:\nfor num in bucket:\nnums[i] = num\ni += 1\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums []float64) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nk := len(nums) / 2\nbuckets := make([][]float64, k)\nfor i := 0; i &lt; k; i++ {\nbuckets[i] = make([]float64, 0)\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor _, num := range nums {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\ni := int(num * float64(k))\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i] = append(buckets[i], num)\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor i := 0; i &lt; k; i++ {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5207\u7247\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nsort.Float64s(buckets[i])\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\ni := 0\nfor _, bucket := range buckets {\nfor _, num := range bucket {\nnums[i] = num\ni++\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nconst k = nums.length / 2;\nconst buckets = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.push([]);\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (const num of nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nconst i = Math.floor(num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].push(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nlet i = 0;\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\nfor (const num of bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nconst k = nums.length / 2;\nconst buckets: number[][] = [];\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.push([]);\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (const num of nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nconst i = Math.floor(num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].push(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort((a, b) =&gt; a - b);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nlet i = 0;\nfor (const bucket of buckets) {\nfor (const num of bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = size / 2;\nfloat **buckets = calloc(k, sizeof(float *));\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\n// \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nbuckets[i] = calloc(ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float));\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint bucket_idx = nums[i] * k;\nint j = 0;\n// \u5982\u679c\u6876\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u503c nums[i], \u8981\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6876\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e cpp \u4e2d\u7684 push_back\nwhile (buckets[bucket_idx][j] &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; buckets[bucket_idx][j] &lt; nums[i]) {\nj++;\n}\nfloat temp = nums[i];\nwhile (j &lt; ARRAY_SIZE &amp;&amp; buckets[bucket_idx][j] &gt; 0) {\nswap(&amp;temp, &amp;buckets[bucket_idx][j]);\nj++;\n}\nbuckets[bucket_idx][j] = temp;\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nqsort(buckets[i], ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float), compare_float);\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nfor (int i = 0, j = 0; j &lt; k; j++) {\nfor (int l = 0; l &lt; ARRAY_SIZE; l++) {\nif (buckets[j][l] &gt; 0) {\nnums[i++] = buckets[j][l];\n}\n}\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nfree(buckets[i]);\n}\nfree(buckets);\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float[] nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.Length / 2;\nList&lt;List&lt;float&gt;&gt; buckets = new List&lt;List&lt;float&gt;&gt;();\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; k; i++) {\nbuckets.Add(new List&lt;float&gt;());\n}\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nforeach (float num in nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = (int) (num * k);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].Add(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nforeach (List&lt;float&gt; bucket in buckets) {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.Sort();\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint j = 0;\nforeach (List&lt;float&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nforeach (float num in bucket) {\nnums[j++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums: inout [Double]) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = nums.count / 2\nvar buckets = (0 ..&lt; k).map { _ in [Double]() }\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor num in nums {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nlet i = Int(num * Double(k))\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].append(num)\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor i in buckets.indices {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbuckets[i].sort()\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nvar i = nums.startIndex\nfor bucket in buckets {\nfor num in bucket {\nnums[i] = num\nnums.formIndex(after: &amp;i)\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{bucketSort}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(List&lt;double&gt; nums) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nint k = nums.length ~/ 2;\nList&lt;List&lt;double&gt;&gt; buckets = List.generate(k, (index) =&gt; []);\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor (double num in nums) {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nint i = (num * k).toInt();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\nbuckets[i].add(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor (List&lt;double&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nbucket.sort();\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nint i = 0;\nfor (List&lt;double&gt; bucket in buckets) {\nfor (double num in bucket) {\nnums[i++] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> bucket_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bucket_sort(nums: &amp;mut [f64]) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = nums.len() / 2;\nlet mut buckets = vec![vec![]; k];\n// 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\nfor &amp;mut num in &amp;mut *nums {\n// \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\nlet i = (num * k as f64) as usize;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\nbuckets[i].push(num);\n}\n// 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\nfor bucket in &amp;mut buckets {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\nbucket.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\nlet mut i = 0;\nfor bucket in &amp;mut buckets {\nfor &amp;mut num in bucket {\nnums[i] = num;\ni += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</p> <p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210 1000 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1182","title":"11.8.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + k)\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(\\frac{n}{k}\\) \u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6392\u5e8f\u5355\u4e2a\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\frac{n}{k} \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u6876\u6570\u91cf \\(k\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5219\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u6876\u548c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u6392\u5e8f\u8be5\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u548c\u603b\u5171 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6876\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1183","title":"11.8.3 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d","text":"<p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u6dd8\u5b9d\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u6309\u4ef7\u683c\u8303\u56f4\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230 10 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e 100 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e 1000 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 10 \u4efd\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u5206\u5230 3 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u914d\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u6876\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u4f7f\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u6876 </p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7279\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5212\u5206\u6876 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/","title":"11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f counting sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1191","title":"11.9.1 \u00a0 \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u201d\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m + 1\\) \u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 <code>counter</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u501f\u52a9 <code>counter</code> \u7edf\u8ba1 <code>nums</code> \u4e2d\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>counter[num]</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b57 <code>num</code> \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code>\uff08\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a <code>num</code>\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06 <code>counter[num]</code> \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> <li>\u7531\u4e8e <code>counter</code> \u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u5929\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u904d\u5386 <code>counter</code> \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5165 <code>nums</code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust counting_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvector&lt;int&gt; counter(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.py<pre><code>def counting_sort_naive(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\n# 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm = 0\nfor num in nums:\nm = max(m, num)\n# 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n# counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter = [0] * (m + 1)\nfor num in nums:\ncounter[num] += 1\n# 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\ni = 0\nfor num in range(m + 1):\nfor _ in range(counter[num]):\nnums[i] = num\ni += 1\n</code></pre> counting_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums []int) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm := 0\nfor _, num := range nums {\nif num &gt; m {\nm = num\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter := make([]int, m+1)\nfor _, num := range nums {\ncounter[num]++\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i, num := 0, 0; num &lt; m+1; num++ {\nfor j := 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++ {\nnums[i] = num\ni++\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nlet i = 0;\nfor (let num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums: number[]): void {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter: number[] = new Array&lt;number&gt;(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nlet i = 0;\nfor (let num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (let j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int nums[], int size) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] &gt; m) {\nm = nums[i];\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint *counter = malloc(sizeof(int) * m);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncounter[nums[i]]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\nm = Math.Max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = nums.max()!\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvar counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\nfor num in nums {\ncounter[num] += 1\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nvar i = 0\nfor num in stride(from: 0, to: m + 1, by: 1) {\nfor _ in stride(from: 0, to: counter[num], by: 1) {\nnums[i] = num\ni += 1\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{countingSortNaive}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num in nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nList&lt;int&gt; counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nint i = 0;\nfor (int num = 0; num &lt; m + 1; num++) {\nfor (int j = 0; j &lt; counter[num]; j++, i++) {\nnums[i] = num;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfn counting_sort_naive(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nlet mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\nfor &amp;num in &amp;*nums {\ncounter[num as usize] += 1;\n}\n// 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nlet mut i = 0;\nfor num in 0..m + 1 {\nfor _ in 0..counter[num as usize] {\nnums[i] = num;\ni += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb</p> <p>\u4ece\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 <code>counter</code> \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1192","title":"11.9.2 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>3.</code> \u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6309\u7167\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\uff08\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97 <code>counter</code> \u7684\u201c\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u201d\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15 <code>i</code> \u5904\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c <code>prefix[i]</code> \u7b49\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u524d <code>i</code> \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u5373\uff1a</p> \\[ \\text{prefix}[i] = \\sum_{j=0}^i \\text{counter[j]} \\] <p>\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c<code>prefix[num] - 1</code> \u4ee3\u8868\u5143\u7d20 <code>num</code> \u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 <code>num</code> \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5c06 <code>num</code> \u586b\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15 <code>prefix[num] - 1</code> \u5904\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c <code>prefix[num]</code> \u51cf\u5c0f \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e <code>num</code> \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 <code>res</code> \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 <code>nums</code> \u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust counting_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.length;\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvector&lt;int&gt; counter(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num : nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.size();\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(n);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nnums = res;\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.py<pre><code>def counting_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\n# 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm = max(nums)\n# 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n# counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter = [0] * (m + 1)\nfor num in nums:\ncounter[num] += 1\n# 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n# \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i in range(m):\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n# 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nn = len(nums)\nres = [0] * n\nfor i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\nnum = nums[i]\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num  # \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num] -= 1  # \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in range(n):\nnums[i] = res[i]\n</code></pre> counting_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums []int) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nm := 0\nfor _, num := range nums {\nif num &gt; m {\nm = num\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter := make([]int, m+1)\nfor _, num := range nums {\ncounter[num]++\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i := 0; i &lt; m; i++ {\ncounter[i+1] += counter[i]\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nn := len(nums)\nres := make([]int, n)\nfor i := n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\nnum := nums[i]\n// \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\nres[counter[num]-1] = num\n// \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\ncounter[num]--\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\ncopy(nums, res)\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nconst n = nums.length;\nconst res = new Array(n);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nm = Math.max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nconst counter: number[] = new Array&lt;number&gt;(m + 1).fill(0);\nfor (const num of nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nconst n = nums.length;\nconst res: number[] = new Array&lt;number&gt;(n);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nif (nums[i] &gt; m) {\nm = nums[i];\n}\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint *counter = malloc(sizeof(int) * m);\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\ncounter[nums[i]]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nmemcpy(nums, res, size * sizeof(int));\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int[] nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\nm = Math.Max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nint[] counter = new int[m + 1];\nforeach (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.Length;\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = nums.max()!\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nvar counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\nfor num in nums {\ncounter[num] += 1\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: m, by: 1) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count)\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\nlet num = nums[i]\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num] -= 1 // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\nnums[i] = res[i]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{countingSort}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nint m = 0;\nfor (int num in nums) {\nm = max(m, num);\n}\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nList&lt;int&gt; counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\nfor (int num in nums) {\ncounter[num]++;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; m; i++) {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nint n = nums.length;\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(n, 0);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nnums.setAll(0, res);\n}\n</code></pre> counting_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfn counting_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\nlet m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n// 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n// counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nlet mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\nfor &amp;num in &amp;*nums {\ncounter[num as usize] += 1;\n}\n// 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n// \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfor i in 0..m as usize {\ncounter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n}\n// 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\nlet n = nums.len();\nlet mut res = vec![0; n];\nfor i in (0..n).rev() {\nlet num = nums[i];\nres[counter[num as usize] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\ncounter[num as usize] -= 1; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in 0..n {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1193","title":"11.9.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + m)\\) \uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code> \u548c\u904d\u5386 <code>counter</code> \uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b \\(n \\gg m\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u548c <code>counter</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5411 <code>res</code> \u4e2d\u586b\u5145\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 <code>nums</code> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1194","title":"11.9.4 \u00a0 \u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u3002</p> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u53bb\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d \\(m\\) \u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(n \\ll m\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u8981\u6162\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/","title":"11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>Tip</p> <p>\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b66\u5b8c\u201c\u5806\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f heap sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1171","title":"11.7.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u5230\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08Sift Down\uff09\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u5806\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u590d\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c <code>2.</code> \u548c <code>3.</code> \u6b65\u3002\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u7b2c <code>2.</code> \u548c <code>3.</code> \u6b65\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u51fa\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt;&lt;12&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0e\u5806\u7ae0\u8282\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\uff08Sift Down\uff09\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed9 Sift Down \u51fd\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5806\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust heap_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.length / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nswap(nums[i], nums[ma]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.size() / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.size(), i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.size() - 1; i &gt; 0; --i) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nswap(nums[0], nums[i]);\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.py<pre><code>def sift_down(nums: list[int], n: int, i: int):\n\"\"\"\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\nwhile True:\n# \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nl = 2 * i + 1\nr = 2 * i + 2\nma = i\nif l &lt; n and nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]:\nma = l\nif r &lt; n and nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]:\nma = r\n# \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i:\nbreak\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nnums[i], nums[ma] = nums[ma], nums[i]\n# \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\ndef heap_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in range(len(nums) // 2 - 1, -1, -1):\nsift_down(nums, len(nums), i)\n# \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n# \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnums[0], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[0]\n# \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsift_down(nums, i, 0)\n</code></pre> heap_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums *[]int, n, i int) {\nfor true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nl := 2*i + 1\nr := 2*i + 2\nma := i\nif l &lt; n &amp;&amp; (*nums)[l] &gt; (*nums)[ma] {\nma = l\n}\nif r &lt; n &amp;&amp; (*nums)[r] &gt; (*nums)[ma] {\nma = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n(*nums)[i], (*nums)[ma] = (*nums)[ma], (*nums)[i]\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums *[]int) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i := len(*nums)/2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\nsiftDown(nums, len(*nums), i)\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i := len(*nums) - 1; i &gt; 0; i-- {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n(*nums)[0], (*nums)[i] = (*nums)[i], (*nums)[0]\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums, n, i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1;\nlet r = 2 * i + 2;\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = l;\n}\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n[nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n[nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums: number[], n: number, i: number): void {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1;\nlet r = 2 * i + 2;\nlet ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = l;\n}\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]) {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma === i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n[nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (let i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n[nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int nums[], int n, int i) {\nwhile (1) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int nums[], int n) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = n / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i) {\nsiftDown(nums, n, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt; 0; --i) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma])\nma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i)\nbreak;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n(nums[ma], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[ma]);\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.Length / 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.Length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.Length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n(nums[i], nums[0]) = (nums[0], nums[i]);\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums: inout [Int], n: Int, i: Int) {\nvar i = i\nwhile true {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1\nlet r = 2 * i + 2\nvar ma = i\nif l &lt; n, nums[l] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = l\n}\nif r &lt; n, nums[r] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = r\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nnums.swapAt(i, ma)\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count / 2 - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\nsiftDown(nums: &amp;nums, n: nums.count, i: i)\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nnums.swapAt(0, i)\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums: &amp;nums, n: i, i: 0)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{siftDown}\n[class]{}-[func]{heapSort}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int n, int i) {\nwhile (true) {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nint l = 2 * i + 1;\nint r = 2 * i + 2;\nint ma = i;\nif (l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma]) ma = l;\nif (r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma]) ma = r;\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif (ma == i) break;\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = nums.length ~/ 2 - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nsiftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor (int i = nums.length - 1; i &gt; 0; i--) {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nint tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> heap_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(nums: &amp;mut [i32], n: usize, mut i: usize) {\nloop {\n// \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\nlet l = 2 * i + 1;\nlet r = 2 * i + 2;\nlet mut ma = i;\nif l &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[l] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = l;\n}\nif r &lt; n &amp;&amp; nums[r] &gt; nums[ma] {\nma = r;\n}\n// \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\nif ma == i {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[ma];\nnums[ma] = temp;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\ni = ma;\n}\n}\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn heap_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor i in (0..=nums.len() / 2 - 1).rev() {\nsift_down(nums, nums.len(), i);\n}\n// \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\nfor i in (1..=nums.len() - 1).rev() {\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\nlet tmp = nums[0];\nnums[0] = nums[i];\nnums[i] = tmp;\n// \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\nsift_down(nums, i, 0);\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1172","title":"11.7.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5171\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/","title":"11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f insertion sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u526f\u724c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002</p> <p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9010\u4e00\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u5fc6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bbe\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u5230 <code>base</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5c06 <code>base</code> \u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5355\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1141","title":"11.4.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u7b2c 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a <code>base</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust insertion_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base;        // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.size(); i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.py<pre><code>def insertion_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i-1]\nfor i in range(1, len(nums)):\nbase = nums[i]\nj = i - 1\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i-1] \u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile j &gt;= 0 and nums[j] &gt; base:\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]  # \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj -= 1\nnums[j + 1] = base  # \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums []int) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\nfor i := 1; i &lt; len(nums); i++ {\nbase := nums[i]\nj := i - 1\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nfor j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base {\nnums[j+1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--\n}\nnums[j+1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nlet base = nums[i],\nj = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nconst base = nums[i];\nlet j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; size; i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\n// \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j];\nj--;\n}\n// \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nnums[j + 1] = base;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) {\nint bas = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; bas) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = bas;         // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor i in stride(from: 1, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\nlet base = nums[i]\nvar j = i - 1\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile j &gt;= 0, nums[j] &gt; base {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj -= 1\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\nfn insertionSort(nums: []i32) void {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nvar i: usize = 1;\nwhile (i &lt; nums.len) : (i += 1) {\nvar base = nums[i];\nvar j: usize = i;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 1 and nums[j - 1] &gt; base) : (j -= 1) {\nnums[j] = nums[j - 1];  // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n}\nnums[j] = base;             // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; nums.length; i++) {\nint base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile (j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt; base) {\nnums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj--;\n}\nnums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre> insertion_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn insertion_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\nfor i in 1..nums.len() {\nlet (base, mut j) = (nums[i],  (i - 1) as i32);\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\nwhile j &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; nums[j as usize] &gt; base {\nnums[(j + 1) as usize] = nums[j as usize]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nj -= 1;\n}\nnums[(j + 1) as usize] = base;  // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1142","title":"11.4.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) , \\(n-2\\) , \\(\\dots\\) , \\(2\\) , \\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u5f97\u5230 \\((n - 1) n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5728\u9047\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1143","title":"11.4.3 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u4f18\u52bf","text":"<p>\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u6bd4\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</p> <p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u7c7b \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u5355\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\\(n^2\\) \u548c \\(n \\log n\\) \u7684\u6570\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8d77\u5230\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u3002</p> <p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java\uff09\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u601d\u8def\u4e3a\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> <p>\u867d\u7136\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5171\u6d89\u53ca 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/","title":"11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f merge sort\u300d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u201c\u5212\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5c06\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1161","title":"11.6.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u201c\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5207\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u70b9 <code>mid</code> \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 <code>[left, mid]</code> \uff09\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 <code>[mid + 1, right]</code> \uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>1.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u5408\u5e76\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust merge_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] tmp = Arrays.copyOfRange(nums, left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;                      // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nvector&lt;int&gt; tmp(nums.begin() + left, nums.begin() + right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.py<pre><code>def merge(nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\n# \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n# \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\ntmp = list(nums[left : right + 1])\n# \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nleft_start = 0\nleft_end = mid - left\n# \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nright_start = mid + 1 - left\nright_end = right - left\n# i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\ni = left_start\nj = right_start\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k in range(left, right + 1):\n# \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif i &gt; left_end:\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\n# \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelif j &gt; right_end or tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]:\nnums[k] = tmp[i]\ni += 1\n# \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse:\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\ndef merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right:\nreturn  # \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n# \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nmid = (left + right) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmerge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmerge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n# \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right)\n</code></pre> merge_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunc merge(nums []int, left, mid, right int) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 \u501f\u52a9 copy \u6a21\u5757\ntmp := make([]int, right-left+1)\nfor i := left; i &lt;= right; i++ {\ntmp[i-left] = nums[i]\n}\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nleftStart, leftEnd := left-left, mid-left\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nrightStart, rightEnd := mid+1-left, right-left\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\ni, j := leftStart, rightStart\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k := left; k &lt;= right; k++ {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif i &gt; leftEnd {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj++\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n} else if j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j] {\nnums[k] = tmp[i]\ni++\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n} else {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj++\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nmid := (left + right) / 2\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid)\nmergeSort(nums, mid+1, right)\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right)\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunction merge(nums, left, mid, right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp = nums.slice(left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet leftStart = left - left,\nleftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet rightStart = mid + 1 - left,\nrightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = leftStart,\nj = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\nif (i &gt; leftEnd) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n} else if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]) {\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n} else {\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums, left, right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunction merge(nums: number[], left: number, mid: number, right: number): void {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp = nums.slice(left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet leftStart = left - left,\nleftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet rightStart = mid + 1 - left,\nrightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet i = leftStart,\nj = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\nif (i &gt; leftEnd) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n} else if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]) {\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n} else {\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(int *nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\nint index;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nint tmp[right + 1 - left];\nfor (index = left; index &lt; right + 1; index++) {\ntmp[index - left] = nums[index];\n}\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] tmp = nums[left..(right + 1)];\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15  \nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15       \nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return;       // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfunc merge(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp = Array(nums[left ..&lt; (right + 1)])\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet leftStart = left - left\nlet leftEnd = mid - left\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet rightStart = mid + 1 - left\nlet rightEnd = right - left\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nvar i = leftStart\nvar j = rightStart\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k in left ... right {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif i &gt; leftEnd {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j] {\nnums[k] = tmp[i]\ni += 1\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse {\nnums[k] = tmp[j]\nj += 1\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right { // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nreturn\n}\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = (left + right) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: mid) // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: mid + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, mid: mid, right: right)\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfn merge(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) !void {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nvar mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer mem_arena.deinit();\nconst mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\nvar tmp = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, right + 1 - left);\nstd.mem.copy(i32, tmp, nums[left..right+1]);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15  \nvar leftStart = left - left;\nvar leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15       \nvar rightStart = mid + 1 - left;\nvar rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nvar i = leftStart;\nvar j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nvar k = left;\nwhile (k &lt;= right) : (k += 1) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd) {\nnums[k] = tmp[j];\nj += 1;\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n} else if  (j &gt; rightEnd or tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j]) {\nnums[k] = tmp[i];\ni += 1;\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n} else {\nnums[k] = tmp[j];\nj += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n// \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\nfn mergeSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) !void {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return;              // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nvar mid = (left + right) / 2;           // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\ntry mergeSort(nums, left, mid);         // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\ntry mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);    // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\ntry merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nvoid merge(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nList&lt;int&gt; tmp = nums.sublist(left, right + 1);\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nint rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint i = leftStart, j = rightStart;\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int k = left; k &lt;= right; k++) {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif (i &gt; leftEnd)\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if (j &gt; rightEnd || tmp[i] &lt;= tmp[j])\nnums[k] = tmp[i++];\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse\nnums[k] = tmp[j++];\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif (left &gt;= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nint mid = (left + right) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> merge_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfn merge(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\nlet tmp: Vec&lt;i32&gt; = nums[left..right + 1].to_vec();\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet (left_start, left_end) = (left - left, mid - left);\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\nlet (right_start, right_end) = (mid + 1 - left, right-left);\n// i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet (mut l_corrent, mut r_corrent) = (left_start, right_start);\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nfor k in left..right + 1 {\n// \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nif l_corrent &gt; left_end {\nnums[k] = tmp[r_corrent];\nr_corrent += 1;\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &lt;= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\nelse if r_corrent &gt; right_end || tmp[l_corrent] &lt;= tmp[r_corrent] {\nnums[k] = tmp[l_corrent];\nl_corrent += 1;\n}\n// \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 &gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\nelse {\nnums[k] = tmp[r_corrent];\nr_corrent += 1;\n}\n}\n}\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn merge_sort(left: usize, right: usize, nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\nif left &gt;= right { return; }       // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n// \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\nlet mid = (left + right) / 2;     // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\nmerge_sort(left, mid, nums);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nmerge_sort(mid + 1, right, nums);  // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\nmerge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u5408\u5e76\u65b9\u6cd5 <code>merge()</code> \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5404\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<code>nums</code> \u7684\u5f85\u5408\u5e76\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a <code>[left, right]</code> \uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e <code>tmp</code> \u4ec5\u590d\u5236\u4e86 <code>nums</code> \u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <code>tmp</code> \u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a <code>[0, right - left]</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83 <code>tmp[i]</code> \u548c <code>tmp[j]</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373 <code>i &gt; leftEnd</code> \u548c <code>j &gt; rightEnd</code> \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5408\u5e76\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u53ef\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1162","title":"11.6.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5212\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1163","title":"11.6.3 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f *","text":"<p>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u4ec5\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u77ed\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u65e0\u987b\u521b\u5efa\u8f85\u52a9\u94fe\u8868\u3002</li> <li>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5212\u5206\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u7701\u53bb\u9012\u5f52\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/","title":"11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f quick sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002</p> <p>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488 <code>i</code> \u548c <code>j</code> \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u3002</li> <li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>i</code>\uff08<code>j</code>\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5bfb\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002</li> <li>\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \uff0c\u76f4\u5230 <code>i</code> \u548c <code>j</code> \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20 \\(\\leq\\) \u57fa\u51c6\u6570 \\(\\leq\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ea\u9700\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3</p> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\"\"\"\n# \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j = left, right\nwhile i &lt; j:\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]:\nj -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]:\ni += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n# \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc (q *quickSort) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j := left, right\nfor i &lt; j {\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj-- // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni++ // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n}\n// \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums, i, j) {\nlet tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\nj -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\ni += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums: number[], i: number, j: number): void {\nlet tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\nj -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\ni += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int nums[], int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nj--;\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\ni++;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);\n}\n// \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nswap(nums, i, left);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn i;\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nfunc swap(nums: inout [Int], i: Int, j: Int) {\nlet tmp = nums[i]\nnums[i] = nums[j]\nnums[j] = tmp\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc partition(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nvar i = left\nvar j = right\nwhile i &lt; j {\nwhile i &lt; j, nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj -= 1 // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile i &lt; j, nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni += 1 // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums: &amp;nums, i: i, j: j) // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums: &amp;nums, i: i, j: left) // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nfn swap(nums: []i32, i: usize, j: usize) void {\nvar tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nvar i = left;\nvar j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid _swap(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int i, int j) {\nint tmp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[j];\nnums[j] = tmp;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint _partition(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n_swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\n_swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfn partition(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -&gt; usize {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\nwhile i &lt; j {\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\ni                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1151","title":"11.5.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<ol> <li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u522b\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\u3002</li> <li>\u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ol> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right:\nreturn\n# \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\npivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nself.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)\nself.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc (q *quickSort) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\npivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nq.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1)\nq.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right)\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) return;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nconst pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nconst pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nj--;\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\n// \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\ni++;\n}\n// \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);\n}\n// \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nswap(nums, i, left);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nreturn i;\n}\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid quickSort(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right)\nreturn;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc quickSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nlet pivot = partition(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: right)\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1)\nquickSort(nums: &amp;nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right)\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) void {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) return;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nvar pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif (left &gt;= right) return;\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\npub fn quick_sort(left: i32, right: i32, nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nif left &gt;= right {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nlet pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nSelf::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);\nSelf::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums);\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1152","title":"11.5.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u548c \\(n - 1\\) \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \u5c42\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1153","title":"11.5.3 \u00a0 \u5feb\u6392\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5feb\uff1f","text":"<p>\u4ece\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u80fd\u5728 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002</li> <li>\u7f13\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002</li> <li>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u7cfb\u6570\u4f4e\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u603b\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u6bd4\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1154","title":"11.5.4 \u00a0 \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\) \u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u5230\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\u3002</p> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e8f\u5217\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u3001\u5c3e\u3001\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201c\u65e2\u4e0d\u592a\u5c0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7684\u6982\u7387\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def median_three(self, nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\"\"\"\n# \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n# \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]):\nreturn left\nelif (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]):\nreturn mid\nreturn right\ndef partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nmed = self.median_three(nums, left, (left + right) // 2, right)\n# \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nnums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n# \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j = left, right\nwhile i &lt; j:\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]:\nj -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]:\ni += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n# \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n# \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) medianThree(nums []int, left, mid, right int) int {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff08!= \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u5230\u5f02\u6216\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) != (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn left\n} else if (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) != (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn mid\n}\nreturn right\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nmed := q.medianThree(nums, left, (left+right)/2, right)\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nnums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\ni, j := left, right\nfor i &lt; j {\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj-- //\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nfor i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni++ //\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\n//\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n}\n//\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nnums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\nreturn i //\u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(nums, left, mid, right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right])) return left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse return right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = this.medianThree(\nnums,\nleft,\nMath.floor((left + right) / 2),\nright\n);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nthis.swap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(\nnums: number[],\nleft: number,\nmid: number,\nright: number\n): number {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (Number(nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ Number(nums[left] &lt; nums[right])) {\nreturn left;\n} else if (\nNumber(nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ Number(nums[mid] &lt; nums[right])\n) {\nreturn mid;\n} else {\nreturn right;\n}\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = this.medianThree(\nnums,\nleft,\nMath.floor((left + right) / 2),\nright\n);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nthis.swap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet i = left,\nj = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) {\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) {\ni++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nthis.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u4e2d\u4f4d\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u4e2d\u4f4d\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\nint partitionMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left])\nj--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left])\ni++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc medianThree(nums: [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) -&gt; Int {\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) != (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn left\n} else if (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) != (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn mid\n} else {\nreturn right\n}\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfunc partitionMedian(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: (left + right) / 2, right: right)\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums: &amp;nums, i: left, j: med)\nreturn partition(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: right)\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nfn medianThree(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) usize {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) != (nums[left] &lt; nums[right])) {\nreturn left;\n} else if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) != (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right])) {\nreturn mid;\n} else {\nreturn right;\n}\n}\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nvar med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nswap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nvar i = left;\nvar j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j and nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nswap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nswap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint _medianThree(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif ((nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn left;\nelse if ((nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]))\nreturn mid;\nelse\nreturn right;\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint _partition(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint med = _medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) ~/ 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n_swap(nums, left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nint i = left, j = right;\nwhile (i &lt; j) {\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nwhile (i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n_swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\n_swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\nreturn i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfn median_three(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) -&gt; usize {\n// \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n// \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\nif (nums[left] &lt; nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn left;\n} else if (nums[mid] &lt; nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] &lt; nums[right]) {\nreturn mid;\n} right\n}\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfn partition(nums: &amp;mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -&gt; usize {\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nlet med = Self::median_three(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n// \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\nnums.swap(left, med);\n// \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\nlet (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\nwhile i &lt; j {\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[j] &gt;= nums[left] {\nj -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nwhile i &lt; j &amp;&amp; nums[i] &lt;= nums[left] {\ni += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n}\nnums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\ni                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1155","title":"11.5.5 \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316","text":"<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n - 1\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust quick_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.py<pre><code>def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n\"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile left &lt; right:\n# \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\npivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n# \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif pivot - left &lt; right - pivot:\nself.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\nelse:\nself.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n</code></pre> quick_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortTailCall) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nfor left &lt; right {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\npivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif pivot-left &lt; right-pivot {\nq.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nq.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nthis.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nthis.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nvoid quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSortTailCall(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSortTailCall(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfunc quickSortTailCall(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\nvar left = left\nvar right = right\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile left &lt; right {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = partition(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: right)\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left) &lt; (right - pivot) {\nquickSortTailCall(nums: &amp;nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSortTailCall(nums: &amp;nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left_: usize, right_: usize) void {\nvar left = left_;\nvar right = right_;\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nvar pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);   // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;                   // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1;                  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int left, int right) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile (left &lt; right) {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nint pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif (pivot - left &lt; right - pivot) {\nquickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nquickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> quick_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\npub fn quick_sort(mut left: i32, mut right: i32, nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\nwhile left &lt; right {\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\nlet pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n// \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u6392\nif  pivot - left &lt; right - pivot {\nSelf::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nleft = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n} else {\nSelf::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\nright = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/","title":"11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(n = 10^6\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(8\\) \u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m = 10^8\\) \u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p>\u300c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f radix sort\u300d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5404\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9012\u8fdb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11101","title":"11.10.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"<p>\u4ee5\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(1\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(8\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k = 1\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u5b66\u53f7\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u201c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 \\(k\\) \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u6b65\u9aa4 <code>2.</code> \u7ee7\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b </p> <p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u5256\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d \\(x_k\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a</p> \\[ x_k = \\lfloor\\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\\rfloor \\bmod d \\] <p>\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor a \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 \\(a\\) \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\uff0c\u800c \\(\\bmod \\space d\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9 \\(d\\) \u53d6\u4f59\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\\(d = 10\\) \u4e14 \\(k \\in [1, 8]\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5e45\u6539\u52a8\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust radix_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nint[] counter = new int[10];\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint m = Integer.MIN_VALUE;\nfor (int num : nums)\nif (num &gt; m)\nm = num;\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nvector&lt;int&gt; counter(10, 0);\nint n = nums.size();\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(n, 0);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++)\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint m = *max_element(nums.begin(), nums.end());\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.py<pre><code>def digit(num: int, exp: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\"\"\"\n# \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num // exp) % 10\ndef counting_sort_digit(nums: list[int], exp: int):\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\n# \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\ncounter = [0] * 10\nn = len(nums)\n# \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i in range(n):\nd = digit(nums[i], exp)  # \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1  # \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n# \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i in range(1, 10):\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n# \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nres = [0] * n\nfor i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\nd = digit(nums[i], exp)\nj = counter[d] - 1  # \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]  # \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1  # \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in range(n):\nnums[i] = res[i]\ndef radix_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nm = max(nums)\n# \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nexp = 1\nwhile exp &lt;= m:\n# \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n# k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n# k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n# \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncounting_sort_digit(nums, exp)\nexp *= 10\n</code></pre> radix_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num, exp int) int {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums []int, exp int) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\ncounter := make([]int, 10)\nn := len(nums)\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nd := digit(nums[i], exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++             // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i := 1; i &lt; 10; i++ {\ncounter[i] += counter[i-1]\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nres := make([]int, n)\nfor i := n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i-- {\nd := digit(nums[i], exp)\nj := counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]    // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n; i++ {\nnums[i] = res[i]\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums []int) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nmax := math.MinInt\nfor _, num := range nums {\nif num &gt; max {\nmax = num\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor exp := 1; max &gt;= exp; exp *= 10 {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num, exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums, exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nconst counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nconst res = new Array(n).fill(0);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nconst j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nlet m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nif (num &gt; m) {\nm = num;\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (let exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num: number, exp: number): number {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums: number[], exp: number): void {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nconst counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\nconst n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (let i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nconst res = new Array(n).fill(0);\nfor (let i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nconst d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nconst j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums: number[]): void {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nlet m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\nfor (const num of nums) {\nif (num &gt; m) {\nm = num;\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (let exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nint *counter = (int *)malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n// \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\ncounter[d]++;\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nint *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\nfor (int i = size - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int nums[], int size) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint max = INT32_MIN;\nfor (size_t i = 0; i &lt; size - 1; i++) {\nif (nums[i] &gt; max) {\nmax = nums[i];\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; max &gt;= exp; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, size, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nint[] counter = new int[10];\nint n = nums.Length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nint[] res = new int[n];\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int[] nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nint m = int.MinValue;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\nif (num &gt; m) m = num;\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num: Int, exp: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n(num / exp) % 10\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums: inout [Int], exp: Int) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nvar counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10)\nlet n = nums.count\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i in nums.indices {\nlet d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1 // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i in 1 ..&lt; 10 {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\nfor i in stride(from: n - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\nlet d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp)\nlet j = counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i] // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1 // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in nums.indices {\nnums[i] = res[i]\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nvar m = Int.min\nfor num in nums {\nif num &gt; m {\nm = num\n}\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor exp in sequence(first: 1, next: { m &gt;= ($0 * 10) ? $0 * 10 : nil }) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums: &amp;nums, exp: exp)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) i32 {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn @mod(@divFloor(num, exp), 10);\n}\n// \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn countingSortDigit(nums: []i32, exp: i32) !void {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nvar mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n// defer mem_arena.deinit();\nconst mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\nvar counter = try mem_allocator.alloc(usize, 10);\n@memset(counter, 0);\nvar n = nums.len;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (nums) |num| {\nvar d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(num, exp)); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nvar i: usize = 1;\nwhile (i &lt; 10) : (i += 1) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nvar res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, n);\ni = n - 1;\nwhile (i &gt;= 0) : (i -= 1) {\nvar d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(nums[i], exp));\nvar j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1;        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\nif (i == 0) break;\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\ni = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; n) : (i += 1) {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n// \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\nfn radixSort(nums: []i32) !void {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nvar m: i32 = std.math.minInt(i32);\nfor (nums) |num| {\nif (num &gt; m) m = num;\n}\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nvar exp: i32 = 1;\nwhile (exp &lt;= m) : (exp *= 10) {\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ntry countingSortDigit(nums, exp);    }\n} </code></pre> radix_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn (num ~/ exp) % 10;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(List&lt;int&gt; nums, int exp) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nList&lt;int&gt; counter = List&lt;int&gt;.filled(10, 0);\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor (int i = 1; i &lt; 10; i++) {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List&lt;int&gt;.filled(n, 0);\nfor (int i = n - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nint d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nint j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n// dart \u4e2d int \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u7684\nint m = -1 &lt;&lt; 63;\nfor (int num in nums) if (num &gt; m) m = num;\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfor (int exp = 1; exp &lt;= m; exp *= 10)\n// \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n// k = 1 -&gt; exp = 1\n// k = 2 -&gt; exp = 10\n// \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\ncountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n</code></pre> radix_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) -&gt; usize {\n// \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\nreturn ((num / exp) % 10) as usize;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn counting_sort_digit(nums: &amp;mut [i32], exp: i32) {\n// \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\nlet mut counter = [0; 10];\nlet n = nums.len();\n// \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\nfor i in 0..n {\nlet d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\ncounter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n}\n// \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\nfor i in 1..10 {\ncounter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n}\n// \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\nlet mut res = vec![0; n];\nfor i in (0..n).rev() {\nlet d = digit(nums[i], exp);\nlet j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\nres[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\ncounter[d] -= 1; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\nfor i in 0..n {\nnums[i] = res[i];\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn radix_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\nlet m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n// \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nlet mut exp = 1;\nwhile exp &lt;= m {\ncounting_sort_digit(nums, exp);\nexp *= 10;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a &lt; b\\) \uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a &gt; b\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u4f4e\u4f4d\u518d\u6392\u5e8f\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11102","title":"11.10.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k\\) \u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(nk) \\gg O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(nk)\\) \uff1a\u8bbe\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e3a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + d)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709 \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O((n + d)k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\(d\\) \u548c \\(k\\) \u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n + d)\\) \u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f \uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(d\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 <code>res</code> \u548c <code>counter</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/","title":"11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u300c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f selection sort\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4ece\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002</p> <p>\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a \\([0, n-1]\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(0\\) \u5904\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([1, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(1\\) \u5904\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</li> <li>\u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528 \\(k\\) \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust selection_sort.java<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int[] nums) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[k];\nnums[k] = temp;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.cpp<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;nums) {\nint n = nums.size();\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nswap(nums[i], nums[k]);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.py<pre><code>def selection_sort(nums: list[int]):\n\"\"\"\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\nn = len(nums)\n# \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i in range(n - 1):\n# \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nk = i\nfor j in range(i + 1, n):\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k]:\nk = j  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n# \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n</code></pre> selection_sort.go<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums []int) {\nn := len(nums)\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i := 0; i &lt; n-1; i++ {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nk := i\nfor j := i + 1; j &lt; n; j++ {\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k] {\n// \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nk = j\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.js<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums) {\nlet n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = i;\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k]) {\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n[nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.ts<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums: number[]): void {\nlet n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nlet k = i;\nfor (let j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k]) {\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n[nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.c<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int nums[], int n) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[k];\nnums[k] = temp;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.cs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int[] nums) {\nint n = nums.Length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k])\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n(nums[k], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[k]);\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.swift<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nvar k = i\nfor j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k] {\nk = j // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums.swapAt(i, k)\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.zig<pre><code>[class]{}-[func]{selectionSort}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.dart<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(List&lt;int&gt; nums) {\nint n = nums.length;\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; n - 1; i++) {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nint k = i;\nfor (int j = i + 1; j &lt; n; j++) {\nif (nums[j] &lt; nums[k]) k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nint temp = nums[i];\nnums[i] = nums[k];\nnums[k] = temp;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> selection_sort.rs<pre><code>/* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn selection_sort(nums: &amp;mut [i32]) {\nlet n = nums.len();\n// \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\nfor i in 0..n-1 {\n// \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut k = i;\nfor j in i+1..n {\nif nums[j] &lt; nums[k] {\nk = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n}\n// \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nnums.swap(i, k);\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/#1121","title":"11.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"<ul> <li>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5171 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5404\u8f6e\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b \\(n\\) , \\(n - 1\\) , \\(\\dots\\) , \\(2\\) \u8f6e\u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u4e3a \\(\\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(1)\\) \u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) , \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06 <code>nums[i]</code> \u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u5176\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002</li> </ul> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/","title":"11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u300c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 sorting algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\uff1b\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5b57\u7b26 ASCII \u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u793a\u4f8b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1111","title":"11.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff08\u5373\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u964d\u4f4e\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002</p> <p>\u5c31\u5730\u6027\uff1a\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5feb\u3002</p> <p>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002</p> <p>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u5217\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u5206\u522b\u662f\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u4e27\u5931\u3002</p> <pre><code># \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\n# (name, age)\n('A', 19)\n('B', 18)\n('C', 21)\n('D', 19)\n('E', 23)\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6309\u5e74\u9f84\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d ('D', 19) \u548c ('A', 19) \u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\n# \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6309\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e22\u5931\n('B', 18)\n('D', 19)\n('A', 19)\n('C', 21)\n('E', 23)\n</code></pre> <p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u53d7\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u6700\u5dee\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u7b49\u3002</p> <p>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5dee\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u662f\u5426\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u300c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\\(&lt;\\) , \\(=\\) , \\(&gt;\\)\uff09\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u4f18\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u300c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u901a\u7528\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1112","title":"11.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u60f3\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u5feb\u3001\u539f\u5730\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u517c\u5177\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u5404\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/","title":"11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002</li> <li>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u6216\u968f\u673a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a3\u5316\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\u5212\u5206\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6876\u3001\u6876\u5185\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002</li> <li>\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u3002</li> <li>\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002</li> <li>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u539f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002</li> </ul> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/#11111-q-a","title":"11.11.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f/</p> <p>\u5148\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 <code>(A, 180) (B, 185) (C, 170) (D, 170)</code> \uff1b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5bf9\u8eab\u9ad8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 <code>(D, 170) (C, 170) (A, 180) (B, 185)</code> \u3002</p> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b66\u751f D \u548c C \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u518d\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5256\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002</p> <p>\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 <code>partition()</code> \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ea4\u6362 <code>nums[left]</code> \u548c <code>nums[i]</code> \u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd <code>&lt;=</code> \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u524d <code>nums[left] &gt;= nums[i]</code> \u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728 <code>i == j</code> \u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd <code>nums[j] == nums[i] &gt; nums[left]</code>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5931\u8d25\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 <code>[0, 0, 0, 0, 1]</code> \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a <code>[1, 0, 0, 0, 0]</code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 <code>nums[right]</code> \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u597d\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u5173\u4e8e\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u534a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f \\(\\log n\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u56de\u987e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u9012\u5f52\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a \\(n, n - 1, n - 2, ..., 2, 1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \u5417\uff1f\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u9000\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u3001\u7b49\u4e8e\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u4ec5\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u5c0f\u4e8e\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e00\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002</p> <p>\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1f</p> <p>\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5206\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/","title":"\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u6808\u5982\u540c\u53e0\u732b\u732b\uff0c\u800c\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u732b\u732b\u6392\u961f\u3002</p> <p>\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u548c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>5.1 \u00a0 \u6808</li> <li>5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217</li> <li>5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217</li> <li>5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/","title":"5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u80fd\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque\u300d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c </p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#531","title":"5.3.1 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 pushFirst() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996 \\(O(1)\\) pushLast() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) popFirst() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) popLast() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekFirst() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekLast() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust deque.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nDeque&lt;Integer&gt; deque = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.offerLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.offerLast(5);\ndeque.offerLast(4);\ndeque.offerFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.offerFirst(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.peekLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.pollFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.pollLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();\n</code></pre> deque.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ndeque&lt;int&gt; deque;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\ndeque.push_front(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.push_front(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = deque.front(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint back = deque.back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.pop_front();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.pop_back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = deque.empty();\n</code></pre> deque.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\ndeque: Deque[int] = collections.deque()\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\ndeque.append(2)      # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.appendleft(3)  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.appendleft(1)\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = deque[0]  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear: int = deque[-1]  # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_front: int = deque.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_rear: int = deque.pop()       # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(deque)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(deque) == 0\n</code></pre> deque_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\ndeque := list.New()\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.PushBack(2)      // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.PushBack(5)\ndeque.PushBack(4)\ndeque.PushFront(3)     // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.PushFront(1)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfront := deque.Front() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear := deque.Back()   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.Remove(front)    // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.Remove(rear)     // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := deque.Len()\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := deque.Len() == 0\n</code></pre> deque.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront = deque.shift();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack = deque.pop();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n</code></pre> deque.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque: number[] = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst: number = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast: number = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront: number = deque.shift() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack: number = deque.pop() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size: number = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty: boolean = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n</code></pre> deque.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\n</code></pre> deque.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 C# \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u94fe\u8868 LinkedList \u770b\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nLinkedList&lt;int&gt; deque = new LinkedList&lt;int&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.AddLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.AddLast(5);\ndeque.AddLast(4);\ndeque.AddFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.AddFirst(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.First.Value;  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.Last.Value;    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.RemoveFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.RemoveLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.Count == 0;\n</code></pre> deque.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar deque: [Int] = []\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.append(2) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.insert(3, at: 0) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.insert(1, at: 0)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peekFirst = deque.first! // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet peekLast = deque.last! // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Array \u6a21\u62df\u65f6 popFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet popFirst = deque.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nlet popLast = deque.removeLast() // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.count\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = deque.isEmpty\n</code></pre> deque.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> deque.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cQueue \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nQueue&lt;int&gt; deque = Queue&lt;int&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.addLast(2);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.addLast(5);\ndeque.addLast(4);\ndeque.addFirst(3); // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.addFirst(1);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.first; // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.last;   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.removeLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty;W\n</code></pre> deque.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#532","title":"5.3.2 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0 *","text":"<p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u56de\u987e\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u548c\u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u961f\u9996\u548c\u961f\u5c3e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002</p> LinkedListDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linkedlist_deque.java<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nint val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(int val) {\nthis.val = val;\nprev = next = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate int queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListDeque() {\nfront = rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate void push(int num, boolean isFront) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (isEmpty())\nfront = rear = node;\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront.prev = node;\nnode.next = front;\nfront = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear.next = node;\nnode.prev = rear;\nrear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate Integer pop(boolean isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (isEmpty())\nreturn null;\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = front.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode fNext = front.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.prev = null;\nfront.next = null;\n}\nfront = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\nval = rear.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nListNode rPrev = rear.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.next = null;\nrear.prev = null;\n}\nrear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic Integer popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic Integer popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic Integer peekFirst() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : front.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic Integer peekLast() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.cpp<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nstruct DoublyListNode {\nint val;              // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nDoublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nDoublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nDoublyListNode(int val) : val(val), prev(nullptr), next(nullptr) {\n}\n};\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate:\nDoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nint queSize = 0;              // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nLinkedListDeque() : front(nullptr), rear(nullptr) {\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n~LinkedListDeque() {\n// \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nDoublyListNode *pre, *cur = front;\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\npre = cur;\ncur = cur-&gt;next;\ndelete pre;\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid push(int num, bool isFront) {\nDoublyListNode *node = new DoublyListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (isEmpty())\nfront = rear = node;\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront-&gt;prev = node;\nnode-&gt;next = front;\nfront = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear-&gt;next = node;\nnode-&gt;prev = rear;\nrear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nint pop(bool isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de -1\nif (isEmpty())\nreturn -1;\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = front-&gt;val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nDoublyListNode *fNext = front-&gt;next;\nif (fNext != nullptr) {\nfNext-&gt;prev = nullptr;\nfront-&gt;next = nullptr;\ndelete front;\n}\nfront = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\nval = rear-&gt;val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nDoublyListNode *rPrev = rear-&gt;prev;\nif (rPrev != nullptr) {\nrPrev-&gt;next = nullptr;\nrear-&gt;prev = nullptr;\ndelete rear;\n}\nrear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? -1 : front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? -1 : rear-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nDoublyListNode *node = front;\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(size());\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.size(); i++) {\nres[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.py<pre><code>class ListNode:\n\"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.val: int = val\nself.next: ListNode | None = None  # \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nself.prev: ListNode | None = None  # \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nclass LinkedListDeque:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nself.rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nself.__size: int = 0  # \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.size() == 0\ndef push(self, num: int, is_front: bool):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nnode = ListNode(num)\n# \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif self.is_empty():\nself.front = self.rear = node\n# \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelif is_front:\n# \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nself.front.prev = node\nnode.next = self.front\nself.front = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n# \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse:\n# \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.rear.next = node\nnode.prev = self.rear\nself.rear = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nself.__size += 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\ndef push_first(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nself.push(num, True)\ndef push_last(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nself.push(num, False)\ndef pop(self, is_front: bool) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de None\nif self.is_empty():\nreturn None\n# \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif is_front:\nval: int = self.front.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n# \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfnext: ListNode | None = self.front.next\nif fnext != None:\nfnext.prev = None\nself.front.next = None\nself.front = fnext  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n# \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse:\nval: int = self.rear.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n# \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nrprev: ListNode | None = self.rear.prev\nif rprev != None:\nrprev.next = None\nself.rear.prev = None\nself.rear = rprev  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nself.__size -= 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val\ndef pop_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nreturn self.pop(True)\ndef pop_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nreturn self.pop(False)\ndef peek_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nreturn None if self.is_empty() else self.front.val\ndef peek_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nreturn None if self.is_empty() else self.rear.val\ndef to_array(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nnode = self.front\nres = [0] * self.size()\nfor i in range(self.size()):\nres[i] = node.val\nnode = node.next\nreturn res\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListDeque struct {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list\ndata *list.List\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListDeque() *linkedListDeque {\nreturn &amp;linkedListDeque{\ndata: list.New(),\n}\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushFirst(value any) {\ns.data.PushFront(value)\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushLast(value any) {\ns.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popFirst() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popLast() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekFirst() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekLast() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) size() int {\nreturn s.data.Len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) toList() *list.List {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.js<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nprev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nnext; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nval; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nconstructor(val) {\nthis.val = val;\nthis.next = null;\nthis.prev = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n#front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n#rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n#queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.#front = null;\nthis.#rear = null;\nthis.#queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushLast(val) {\nconst node = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nthis.#front = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.#rear.next = node;\nnode.prev = this.#rear;\nthis.#rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushFirst(val) {\nconst node = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nthis.#front = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nthis.#front.prev = node;\nnode.next = this.#front;\nthis.#front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopLast() {\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value = this.#rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = this.#rear.prev;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.next = null;\nthis.#rear.prev = null;\n}\nthis.#rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopFirst() {\nif (this.#queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value = this.#front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = this.#front.next;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.prev = null;\nthis.#front.next = null;\n}\nthis.#front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#front.val;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nprint() {\nconst arr = [];\nlet temp = this.#front;\nwhile (temp !== null) {\narr.push(temp.val);\ntemp = temp.next;\n}\nconsole.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.ts<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nprev: ListNode; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nnext: ListNode; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\nval: number; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nconstructor(val: number) {\nthis.val = val;\nthis.next = null;\nthis.prev = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate front: ListNode; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nprivate rear: ListNode; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.front = null;\nthis.rear = null;\nthis.queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushLast(val: number): void {\nconst node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nthis.front = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.rear.next = node;\nnode.prev = this.rear;\nthis.rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npushFirst(val: number): void {\nconst node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nthis.front = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nthis.front.prev = node;\nnode.next = this.front;\nthis.front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopLast(): number {\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value: number = this.rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp: ListNode = this.rear.prev;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.next = null;\nthis.rear.prev = null;\n}\nthis.rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npopFirst(): number {\nif (this.queSize === 0) {\nreturn null;\n}\nconst value: number = this.front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp: ListNode = this.front.next;\nif (temp !== null) {\ntemp.prev = null;\nthis.front.next = null;\n}\nthis.front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn value;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast(): number {\nreturn this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst(): number {\nreturn this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.front.val;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nprint(): void {\nconst arr: number[] = [];\nlet temp: ListNode = this.front;\nwhile (temp !== null) {\narr.push(temp.val);\ntemp = temp.next;\n}\nconsole.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.c<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nstruct doublyListNode {\nint val;                     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nstruct doublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\nstruct doublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\n};\ntypedef struct doublyListNode doublyListNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\ndoublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {\ndoublyListNode *new = (doublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(doublyListNode));\nnew-&gt;val = num;\nnew-&gt;next = NULL;\nnew-&gt;prev = NULL;\nreturn new;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delDoublyListNode(doublyListNode *node) {\nfree(node);\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct linkedListDeque {\ndoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nint queSize;                  // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n};\ntypedef struct linkedListDeque linkedListDeque;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nlinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {\nlinkedListDeque *deque = (linkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListDeque));\ndeque-&gt;front = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;rear = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn deque;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListdeque(linkedListDeque *deque) {\n// \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; deque-&gt;queSize &amp;&amp; deque-&gt;front != NULL; i++) {\ndoublyListNode *tmp = deque-&gt;front;\ndeque-&gt;front = deque-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nfree(tmp);\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e deque \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nfree(deque);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn (size(deque) == 0);\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(linkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {\ndoublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411node\nif (empty(deque)) {\ndeque-&gt;front = deque-&gt;rear = node;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\ndeque-&gt;front-&gt;prev = node;\nnode-&gt;next = deque-&gt;front;\ndeque-&gt;front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u5bf9\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\ndeque-&gt;rear-&gt;next = node;\nnode-&gt;prev = deque-&gt;rear;\ndeque-&gt;rear = node;\n}\ndeque-&gt;queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(linkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\npush(deque, num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(linkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\npush(deque, num, false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nassert(size(deque) &amp;&amp; deque-&gt;front);\nreturn deque-&gt;front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nassert(size(deque) &amp;&amp; deque-&gt;rear);\nreturn deque-&gt;rear-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(linkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {\nif (empty(deque))\nreturn -1;\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = peekFirst(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\ndoublyListNode *fNext = deque-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nif (fNext) {\nfNext-&gt;prev = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;front-&gt;next = NULL;\ndelDoublyListNode(deque-&gt;front);\n}\ndeque-&gt;front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nval = peekLast(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\ndoublyListNode *rPrev = deque-&gt;rear-&gt;prev;\nif (rPrev) {\nrPrev-&gt;next = NULL;\ndeque-&gt;rear-&gt;prev = NULL;\ndelDoublyListNode(deque-&gt;rear);\n}\ndeque-&gt;rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\ndeque-&gt;queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn pop(deque, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nreturn pop(deque, false);\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListDeque(linkedListDeque *deque) {\nint arr[deque-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\nint i;\ndoublyListNode *node;\nfor (i = 0, node = deque-&gt;front; i &lt; deque-&gt;queSize; i++) {\narr[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nprintArray(arr, deque-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.cs<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\npublic int val;       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npublic ListNode? next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\npublic ListNode? prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\npublic ListNode(int val) {\nthis.val = val;\nprev = null;\nnext = null;\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate ListNode? front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front, \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate int queSize = 0;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListDeque() {\nfront = null;\nrear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate void push(int num, bool isFront) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (isEmpty()) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if (isFront) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront.prev = node;\nnode.next = front;\nfront = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9                           \n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear.next = node;\nnode.prev = rear;\nrear = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate int? pop(bool isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (isEmpty()) {\nreturn null;\n}\nint val;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (isFront) {\nval = front.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode fNext = front.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.prev = null;\nfront.next = null;\n}\nfront = fNext;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nval = rear.val;  // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nListNode rPrev = rear.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.next = null;\nrear.prev = null;\n}\nrear = rPrev;    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int? popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int? popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int? peekFirst() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : front.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int? peekLast() {\nreturn isEmpty() ? null : rear.val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.Length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.swift<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar next: ListNode? // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nweak var prev: ListNode? // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\ninit(val: Int) {\nself.val = val\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nprivate var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nprivate var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ninit() {\nqueSize = 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nqueSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate func push(num: Int, isFront: Bool) {\nlet node = ListNode(val: num)\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif isEmpty() {\nfront = node\nrear = node\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse if isFront {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nfront?.prev = node\nnode.next = front\nfront = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nrear?.next = node\nnode.prev = rear\nrear = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize += 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushFirst(num: Int) {\npush(num: num, isFront: true)\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushLast(num: Int) {\npush(num: num, isFront: false)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nprivate func pop(isFront: Bool) -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nlet val: Int\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif isFront {\nval = front!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nlet fNext = front?.next\nif fNext != nil {\nfNext?.prev = nil\nfront?.next = nil\n}\nfront = fNext // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nval = rear!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nlet rPrev = rear?.prev\nif rPrev != nil {\nrPrev?.next = nil\nrear?.prev = nil\n}\nrear = rPrev // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nqueSize -= 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popFirst() -&gt; Int {\npop(isFront: true)\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popLast() -&gt; Int {\npop(isFront: false)\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekFirst() -&gt; Int? {\nisEmpty() ? nil : front?.val\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekLast() -&gt; Int? {\nisEmpty() ? nil : rear?.val\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar node = front\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\nfor i in res.indices {\nres[i] = node!.val\nnode = node?.next\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.zig<pre><code>// \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\nfn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nval: T = undefined,     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnext: ?*Self = null,    // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nprev: ?*Self = null,    // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n// Initialize a list node with specific value\npub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\nself.val = x;\nself.next = null;\nself.prev = null;\n}\n};\n}\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListDeque(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nfront: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nque_size: usize = 0,                             // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.front = null;\nself.rear = null;\nself.que_size = 0;\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T, is_front: bool) !void {\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nif (self.isEmpty()) {\nself.front = node;\nself.rear = node;\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else if (is_front) {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nself.front.?.prev = node;\nnode.next = self.front;\nself.front = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.rear.?.next = node;\nnode.prev = self.rear;\nself.rear = node;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nself.que_size += 1;      // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n} // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\npub fn pushFirst(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\ntry self.push(num, true);\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\npub fn pushLast(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\ntry self.push(num, false);\n} // \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\npub fn pop(self: *Self, is_front: bool) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nvar val: T = undefined;\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif (is_front) {\nval = self.front.?.val;     // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nvar fNext = self.front.?.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.?.prev = null;\nself.front.?.next = null;\n}\nself.front = fNext;         // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n} else {\nval = self.rear.?.val;      // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nvar rPrev = self.rear.?.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.?.next = null;\nself.rear.?.prev = null;\n}\nself.rear = rPrev;          // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nself.que_size -= 1;              // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n} // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\npub fn popFirst(self: *Self) T {\nreturn self.pop(true);\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\npub fn popLast(self: *Self) T {\nreturn self.pop(false);\n} // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peekFirst(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.front.?.val;\n}  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peekLast(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.rear.?.val;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\nvar node = self.front;\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; res.len) : (i += 1) {\nres[i] = node.?.val;\nnode = node.?.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.dart<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\nint val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nListNode? next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode? prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nListNode(this.val, {this.next, this.prev});\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5bf9\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\nlate ListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\nlate ListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\nint _queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nLinkedListDeque() {\nthis._front = null;\nthis._rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn this._queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid push(int num, bool isFront) {\nfinal ListNode node = ListNode(num);\nif (isEmpty()) {\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 _front\uff0c_rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n_front = _rear = node;\n} else if (isFront) {\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n_front!.prev = node;\nnode.next = _front;\n_front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n} else {\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n_rear!.next = node;\nnode.prev = _rear;\n_rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\n_queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\npush(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\npush(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nint? pop(bool isFront) {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\nif (isEmpty()) {\nreturn null;\n}\nfinal int val;\nif (isFront) {\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nval = _front!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode? fNext = _front!.next;\nif (fNext != null) {\nfNext.prev = null;\n_front!.next = null;\n}\n_front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n} else {\n// \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nval = _rear!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n// \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nListNode? rPrev = _rear!.prev;\nif (rPrev != null) {\nrPrev.next = null;\n_rear!.prev = null;\n}\n_rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\n_queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint? popFirst() {\nreturn pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint? popLast() {\nreturn pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint? peekFirst() {\nreturn _front?.val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint? peekLast() {\nreturn _rear?.val;\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\nListNode? node = _front;\nfinal List&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; _queSize; i++) {\nres.add(node!.val);\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_deque.rs<pre><code>/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\npub struct ListNode&lt;T&gt; {\npub val: T,                                 // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npub next: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\npub prev: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n}\nimpl&lt;T&gt; ListNode&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new(val: T) -&gt; Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nRc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode {\nval,\nnext: None,\nprev: None,\n}))\n}\n}\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListDeque&lt;T&gt; {\nfront: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \nque_size: usize,                            // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl&lt;T: Copy&gt; LinkedListDeque&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nfront: None,\nrear: None,\nque_size: 0, }\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn push(&amp;mut self, num: T, is_front: bool) {\nlet node = ListNode::new(num);\n// \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif is_front {\nmatch self.front.take() {\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nNone =&gt; {\nself.rear = Some(node.clone());\nself.front = Some(node);\n}\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\nSome(old_front) =&gt; {\nold_front.borrow_mut().prev = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().next = Some(old_front);\nself.front = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\n}\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nmatch self.rear.take() {\n// \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front, rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\nNone =&gt; {\nself.front = Some(node.clone());\nself.rear = Some(node);\n}\n// \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\nSome(old_rear) =&gt; {\nold_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().prev = Some(old_rear);\nself.rear = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\n}\n}\nself.que_size += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_first(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nself.push(num, true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_last(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nself.push(num, false);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\npub fn pop(&amp;mut self, is_front: bool) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\n// \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de None\nif self.is_empty() { return None };\n// \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nif is_front {\nself.front.take().map(|old_front| {\nmatch old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\nSome(new_front) =&gt; {\nnew_front.borrow_mut().prev.take();\nself.front = Some(new_front);   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.rear.take();\n}\n}\nself.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nRc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n} // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\nelse {\nself.rear.take().map(|old_rear| {\nmatch old_rear.borrow_mut().prev.take() {\nSome(new_rear) =&gt; {\nnew_rear.borrow_mut().next.take();\nself.rear = Some(new_rear);     // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.front.take();\n}\n}\nself.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nRc::try_unwrap(old_rear).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n}\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npub fn pop_first(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nreturn self.pop(true);\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npub fn pop_last(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nreturn self.pop(false);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek_first(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.front.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek_last(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.rear.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npub fn to_array(&amp;self, head: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;T&gt; {\nif let Some(node) = head {\nlet mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\nnums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\nreturn nums;\n}\nreturn Vec::new();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5728\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002</p> ArrayDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_deque.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nthis.nums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nprivate int index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(front + queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(front + 1);\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(front + queSize - 1);\nreturn nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate:\nvector&lt;int&gt; nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nnums.resize(capacity);\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn nums.size();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(front + queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(front + 1);\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(front + queSize - 1);\nreturn nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(queSize);\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_deque.py<pre><code>class ArrayDeque:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, capacity: int):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__nums: list[int] = [0] * capacity\nself.__front: int = 0\nself.__size: int = 0\ndef capacity(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__nums)\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size == 0\ndef index(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n# \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n# \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + self.capacity()) % self.capacity()\ndef push_first(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n# \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.__front = self.index(self.__front - 1)\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nself.__nums[self.__front] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef push_last(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nrear = self.index(self.__front + self.__size)\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.__nums[rear] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum = self.peek_first()\n# \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nself.__front = self.index(self.__front + 1)\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef pop_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum = self.peek_last()\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek_first(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__nums[self.__front]\ndef peek_last(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlast = self.index(self.__front + self.__size - 1)\nreturn self.__nums[last]\ndef to_array(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n# \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nres = []\nfor i in range(self.__size):\nres.append(self.__nums[self.index(self.__front + i)])\nreturn res\n</code></pre> array_deque.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayDeque struct {\nnums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nqueSize     int   // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nqueCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayDeque(queCapacity int) *arrayDeque {\nreturn &amp;arrayDeque{\nnums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\nqueCapacity: queCapacity,\nfront:       0,\nqueSize:     0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) size() int {\nreturn q.queSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn q.queSize == 0\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) index(i int) int {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + q.queCapacity) % q.queCapacity\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushFirst(num int) {\nif q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\nfmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nq.front = q.index(q.front - 1)\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nq.nums[q.front] = num\nq.queSize++\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushLast(num int) {\nif q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\nfmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nrear := q.index(q.front + q.queSize)\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nq.nums[rear] = num\nq.queSize++\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popFirst() any {\nnum := q.peekFirst()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nq.front = q.index(q.front + 1)\nq.queSize--\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popLast() any {\nnum := q.peekLast()\nq.queSize--\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekFirst() any {\nif q.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn q.nums[q.front]\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekLast() any {\nif q.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlast := q.index(q.front + q.queSize - 1)\nreturn q.nums[last]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) toSlice() []int {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nres := make([]int, q.queSize)\nfor i, j := 0, q.front; i &lt; q.queSize; i++ {\nres[i] = q.nums[q.index(j)]\nj++\n}\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n#nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n#front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n#queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(capacity) {\nthis.#nums = new Array(capacity);\nthis.#front = 0;\nthis.#queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\ncapacity() {\nreturn this.#nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nindex(i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npushFirst(num) {\nif (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.#front = this.index(this.#front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nthis.#nums[this.#front] = num;\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npushLast(num) {\nif (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nconst rear = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.#nums[rear] = num;\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npopFirst() {\nconst num = this.peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nthis.#front = this.index(this.#front + 1);\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npopLast() {\nconst num = this.peekLast();\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst() {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\nreturn this.#nums[this.#front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast() {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nconst last = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize - 1);\nreturn this.#nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\ntoArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst res = [];\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i &lt; this.#queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = this.#nums[this.index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(capacity: number) {\nthis.nums = new Array(capacity);\nthis.front = 0;\nthis.queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\ncapacity(): number {\nreturn this.nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nindex(i: number): number {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npushFirst(num: number): void {\nif (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nthis.front = this.index(this.front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nthis.nums[this.front] = num;\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npushLast(num: number): void {\nif (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\nconsole.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nconst rear: number = this.index(this.front + this.queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.nums[rear] = num;\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npopFirst(): number {\nconst num: number = this.peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nthis.front = this.index(this.front + 1);\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npopLast(): number {\nconst num: number = this.peekLast();\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekFirst(): number {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\nreturn this.nums[this.front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npeekLast(): number {\nif (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nconst last = this.index(this.front + this.queSize - 1);\nreturn this.nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\ntoArray(): number[] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst res: number[] = [];\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.front; i &lt; this.queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = this.nums[this.index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct arrayDeque {\nint *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\nint queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct arrayDeque arrayDeque;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {\narrayDeque *deque = (arrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(arrayDeque));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\ndeque-&gt;queCapacity = capacity;\ndeque-&gt;nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * deque-&gt;queCapacity);\ndeque-&gt;front = deque-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn deque;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayDeque(arrayDeque *deque) {\nfree(deque-&gt;nums);\ndeque-&gt;queCapacity = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(arrayDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queCapacity;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(arrayDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(arrayDeque *deque) {\nreturn deque-&gt;queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint dequeIndex(arrayDeque *deque, int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn ((i + capacity(deque)) % capacity(deque));\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(arrayDeque *deque, int num) {\nif (deque-&gt;queSize == capacity(deque)) {\nprintf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\ndeque-&gt;front = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u9996\ndeque-&gt;nums[deque-&gt;front] = num;\ndeque-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(arrayDeque *deque, int num) {\nif (deque-&gt;queSize == capacity(deque)) {\nprintf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front + deque-&gt;queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque-&gt;nums[rear] = num;\ndeque-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(arrayDeque *deque) {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\nassert(empty(deque) == 0);\nreturn deque-&gt;nums[deque-&gt;front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(arrayDeque *deque) {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\nassert(empty(deque) == 0);\nint last = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front + deque-&gt;queSize - 1);\nreturn deque-&gt;nums[last];\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(arrayDeque *deque) {\nint num = peekFirst(deque);\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\ndeque-&gt;front = dequeIndex(deque, deque-&gt;front + 1);\ndeque-&gt;queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(arrayDeque *deque) {\nint num = peekLast(deque);\ndeque-&gt;queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printArrayDeque(arrayDeque *deque) {\nint arr[deque-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\nfor (int i = 0, j = deque-&gt;front; i &lt; deque-&gt;queSize; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = deque-&gt;nums[j % deque-&gt;queCapacity];\n}\nprintArray(arr, deque-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate readonly int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nthis.nums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.Length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nprivate int index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushFirst(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npublic void pushLast(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(front + queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(front + 1);\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\npublic int popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n}\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow new InvalidOperationException();\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(front + queSize - 1);\nreturn nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nprivate var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate var front: Int // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit(capacity: Int) {\nnums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\nfront = 0\nqueSize = 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc capacity() -&gt; Int {\nnums.count\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nqueSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nprivate func index(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n(i + capacity()) % capacity()\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushFirst(num: Int) {\nif size() == capacity() {\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nfront = index(i: front - 1)\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nnums[front] = num\nqueSize += 1\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc pushLast(num: Int) {\nif size() == capacity() {\nprint(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nlet rear = index(i: front + size())\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num\nqueSize += 1\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popFirst() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peekFirst()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nfront = index(i: front + 1)\nqueSize -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc popLast() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peekLast()\nqueSize -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekFirst() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn nums[front]\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peekLast() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlet last = index(i: front + size() - 1)\nreturn nums[last]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\nfor (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 &lt; self.size() - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\nres[i] = nums[index(i: j)]\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.zig<pre><code>[class]{ArrayDeque}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> array_deque.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nlate int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlate int _queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayDeque(int capacity) {\nthis._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\nthis._front = this._queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn _nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint index(int i) {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(int num) {\nif (_queSize == capacity()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 _front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n_front = index(_front - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n_nums[_front] = num;\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(int num) {\nif (_queSize == capacity()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nint rear = index(_front + _queSize);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n_nums[rear] = num;\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst() {\nint num = peekFirst();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n_front = index(_front + 1);\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast() {\nint num = peekLast();\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _nums[_front];\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nint last = index(_front + _queSize - 1);\nreturn _nums[last];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nList&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\nfor (int i = 0, j = _front; i &lt; _queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = _nums[index(j)];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_deque.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayDeque {\nnums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront: usize,       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nque_size: usize,    // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl ArrayDeque {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npub fn new(capacity: usize) -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nnums: vec![0; capacity],\nfront: 0,\nque_size: 0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npub fn capacity(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.nums.len()\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.que_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nself.que_size == 0\n}\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn index(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; usize {\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n// \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nreturn ((i + self.capacity() as i32) % self.capacity() as i32) as usize;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_first(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\nif self.que_size == self.capacity() {\nprintln!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn\n}\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\nself.front = self.index(self.front as i32 - 1);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\nself.nums[self.front] = num;\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\npub fn push_last(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\nif self.que_size == self.capacity() {\nprintln!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\nlet rear = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32);\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.nums[rear] = num;\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfn pop_first(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\nlet num = self.peek_first();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\nself.front = self.index(self.front as i32 + 1);\nself.que_size -= 1;\nnum\n}\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfn pop_last(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\nlet num = self.peek_last();\nself.que_size -= 1;\nnum\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek_first(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nif self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\nself.nums[self.front]\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek_last(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nif self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nlet last = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32 - 1);\nself.nums[last]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfn to_array(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nlet mut res = vec![0; self.que_size];\nlet mut j = self.front;\nfor i in 0..self.que_size {\nres[i] = self.nums[self.index(j as i32)];\nj += 1;\n}\nres\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#533","title":"5.3.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e94\u7528","text":"<p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u517c\u5177\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c <code>push</code> \u5230\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 <code>pop</code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u5b58 \\(50\\) \u6b65\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(50\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6808\u5e95\uff08\u5373\u961f\u9996\uff09\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u6808\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6808\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5faa\u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u903b\u8f91\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/","title":"5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217","text":"<p>\u300c\u961f\u5217 queue\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6392\u961f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u961f\u5217\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u9010\u4e2a\u79bb\u5f00\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\uff0c\u5c3e\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5165\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#521","title":"5.2.1 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u4e0e\u6808\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust queue.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue&lt;Integer&gt; queue = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.offer(1);\nqueue.offer(3);\nqueue.offer(2);\nqueue.offer(5);\nqueue.offer(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.poll();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();\n</code></pre> queue.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nqueue&lt;int&gt; queue;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = queue.front();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nqueue.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = queue.empty();\n</code></pre> queue.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\n# \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b deque \u770b\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\n# \u867d\u7136 queue.Queue() \u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\nque: Deque[int] = collections.deque()\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\nque.append(1)\nque.append(3)\nque.append(2)\nque.append(5)\nque.append(4)\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = que[0];\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop: int = que.popleft()\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(que)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(que) == 0\n</code></pre> queue_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nqueue := list.New()\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.PushBack(1)\nqueue.PushBack(3)\nqueue.PushBack(2)\nqueue.PushBack(5)\nqueue.PushBack(4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := queue.Front()\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\npop := queue.Front()\nqueue.Remove(pop)\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := queue.Len()\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := queue.Len() == 0\n</code></pre> queue.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst queue = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n</code></pre> queue.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst queue: number[] = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n</code></pre> queue.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u961f\u5217\n</code></pre> queue.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue&lt;int&gt; queue = new();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.Enqueue(1);\nqueue.Enqueue(3);\nqueue.Enqueue(2);\nqueue.Enqueue(5);\nqueue.Enqueue(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.Peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.Dequeue();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.Count == 0;\n</code></pre> queue.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar queue: [Int] = []\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.append(1)\nqueue.append(3)\nqueue.append(2)\nqueue.append(5)\nqueue.append(4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = queue.first!\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 removeFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet pool = queue.removeFirst()\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = queue.count\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = queue.isEmpty\n</code></pre> queue.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> queue.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7c7b Qeque \u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\nQueue&lt;int&gt; queue = Queue();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.add(1);\nqueue.add(3);\nqueue.add(2);\nqueue.add(5);\nqueue.add(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.first;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.removeFirst();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.isEmpty;\n</code></pre> queue.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#522","title":"5.2.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u5206\u522b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u961f\u5c3e\u4ec5\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u4ec5\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> LinkedListQueuepush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linkedlist_queue.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate int queSize = 0;\npublic LinkedListQueue() {\nfront = null;\nrear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (front == null) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nrear.next = node;\nrear = node;\n}\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfront = front.next;\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn front.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate:\nListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nint queSize;\npublic:\nLinkedListQueue() {\nfront = nullptr;\nrear = nullptr;\nqueSize = 0;\n}\n~LinkedListQueue() {\n// \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfreeMemoryLinkedList(front);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (front == nullptr) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse {\nrear-&gt;next = node;\nrear = node;\n}\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nListNode *tmp = front;\nfront = front-&gt;next;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete tmp;\nqueSize--;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nListNode *node = front;\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(size());\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.size(); i++) {\nres[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.py<pre><code>class LinkedListQueue:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nself.__rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nself.__size: int = 0\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn not self.__front\ndef push(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n# \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nnode = ListNode(num)\n# \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif self.__front is None:\nself.__front = node\nself.__rear = node\n# \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse:\nself.__rear.next = node\nself.__rear = node\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum = self.peek()\n# \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nself.__front = self.__front.next\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.size() == 0:\nprint(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn False\nreturn self.__front.val\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nqueue = []\ntemp = self.__front\nwhile temp:\nqueue.append(temp.val)\ntemp = temp.next\nreturn queue\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListQueue struct {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\ndata *list.List\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListQueue() *linkedListQueue {\nreturn &amp;linkedListQueue{\ndata: list.New(),\n}\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) push(value any) {\ns.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) pop() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) peek() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Front()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) size() int {\nreturn s.data.Len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) toList() *list.List {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n#front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 #front\n#rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 #rear\n#queSize = 0;\nconstructor() {\nthis.#front = null;\nthis.#rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (!this.#front) {\nthis.#front = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nthis.#rear.next = node;\nthis.#rear = node;\n}\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop() {\nconst num = this.peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.#front = this.#front.next;\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nif (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#front.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray() {\nlet node = this.#front;\nconst res = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate front: ListNode | null; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nprivate rear: ListNode | null; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nprivate queSize: number = 0;\nconstructor() {\nthis.front = null;\nthis.rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num: number): void {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (!this.front) {\nthis.front = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nthis.rear!.next = node;\nthis.rear = node;\n}\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop(): number {\nconst num = this.peek();\nif (!this.front) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nthis.front = this.front.next;\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nif (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.front!.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray(): number[] {\nlet node = this.front;\nconst res = new Array&lt;number&gt;(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; res.length; i++) {\nres[i] = node!.val;\nnode = node!.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct linkedListQueue {\nListNode *front, *rear;\nint queSize;\n};\ntypedef struct linkedListQueue linkedListQueue;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nlinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {\nlinkedListQueue *queue = (linkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListQueue));\nqueue-&gt;front = NULL;\nqueue-&gt;rear = NULL;\nqueue-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn queue;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListQueue(linkedListQueue *queue) {\n// \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; queue-&gt;queSize &amp;&amp; queue-&gt;front != NULL; i++) {\nListNode *tmp = queue-&gt;front;\nqueue-&gt;front = queue-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nfree(tmp);\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e queue \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nfree(queue);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nreturn (size(queue) == 0);\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(linkedListQueue *queue, int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0 node\nListNode *node = newListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (queue-&gt;front == NULL) {\nqueue-&gt;front = node;\nqueue-&gt;rear = node;\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse {\nqueue-&gt;rear-&gt;next = node;\nqueue-&gt;rear = node;\n}\nqueue-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nassert(size(queue) &amp;&amp; queue-&gt;front);\nreturn queue-&gt;front-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nint num = peek(queue);\nListNode *tmp = queue-&gt;front;\nqueue-&gt;front = queue-&gt;front-&gt;next;\nfree(tmp);\nqueue-&gt;queSize--;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListQueue(linkedListQueue *queue) {\nint arr[queue-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\nint i;\nListNode *node;\nfor (i = 0, node = queue-&gt;front; i &lt; queue-&gt;queSize &amp;&amp; queue-&gt;front != queue-&gt;rear; i++) {\narr[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nprintArray(arr, queue-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate ListNode? front, rear;  // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \nprivate int queSize = 0;\npublic LinkedListQueue() {\nfront = null;\nrear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (front == null) {\nfront = node;\nrear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else if (rear != null) {\nrear.next = node;\nrear = node;\n}\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfront = front?.next;\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0 || front == null)\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn front.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nif (front == null)\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\nListNode node = front;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; res.Length; i++) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nprivate var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9\nprivate var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\nprivate var _size = 0\ninit() {}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\n_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nlet node = ListNode(x: num)\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif front == nil {\nfront = node\nrear = node\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nelse {\nrear?.next = node\nrear = node\n}\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peek()\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nfront = front?.next\n_size -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn front!.val\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar node = front\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\nfor i in res.indices {\nres[i] = node!.val\nnode = node?.next\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListQueue(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nfront: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                 // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\nque_size: usize = 0,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.front = null;\nself.rear = null;\nself.que_size = 0;\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.front.?.val;\n}  // \u5165\u961f\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (self.front == null) {\nself.front = node;\nself.rear = node;\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n} else {\nself.rear.?.next = node;\nself.rear = node;\n}\nself.que_size += 1;\n} // \u51fa\u961f\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\nself.front = self.front.?.next;\nself.que_size -= 1;\nreturn num;\n} // \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\nvar node = self.front;\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; res.len) : (i += 1) {\nres[i] = node.?.val;\nnode = node.?.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\nListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\nListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\nint _queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nLinkedListQueue() {\n_front = null;\n_rear = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nfinal node = ListNode(num);\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nif (_front == null) {\n_front = node;\n_rear = node;\n} else {\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n_rear!.next = node;\n_rear = node;\n}\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop() {\nfinal int num = peek();\n// \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n_front = _front!.next;\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (_queSize == 0) {\nthrow Exception('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n}\nreturn _front!.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\nListNode? node = _front;\nfinal List&lt;int&gt; queue = [];\nwhile (node != null) {\nqueue.add(node.val);\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn queue;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_queue.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListQueue&lt;T&gt; {\nfront: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\nrear: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \nque_size: usize,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl&lt;T: Copy&gt; LinkedListQueue&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nfront: None,\nrear: None,\nque_size: 0, }\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.que_size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npub fn push(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nlet new_rear = ListNode::new(num);\nmatch self.rear.take() {\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\nSome(old_rear) =&gt; {\nold_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(new_rear.clone());\nself.rear = Some(new_rear);\n}\n// \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\nNone =&gt; {\nself.front = Some(new_rear.clone());\nself.rear = Some(new_rear);\n}\n}\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npub fn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nself.front.take().map(|old_front| {\nmatch old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\nSome(new_front) =&gt; {\nself.front = Some(new_front);\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.rear.take();\n}\n}\nself.que_size -= 1;\nRc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.front.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npub fn to_array(&amp;self, head: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;T&gt; {\nif let Some(node) = head {\nlet mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\nnums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\nreturn nums;\n}\nreturn Vec::new();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de7\u5999\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <code>front</code> \u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf <code>queSize</code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>rear = front + queSize</code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 <code>rear</code> \u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</p> <p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u6548\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [front, rear - 1]\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9 <code>rear</code> \u7d22\u5f15\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 <code>queSize</code> \u589e\u52a0 1 \u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06 <code>front</code> \u589e\u52a0 1 \uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 <code>queSize</code> \u51cf\u5c11 1 \u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> ArrayQueuepush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<code>front</code> \u548c <code>rear</code> \u90fd\u5728\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u79fb\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u89c6\u4e3a\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba9 <code>front</code> \u6216 <code>rear</code> \u5728\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_queue.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\npublic ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\nnums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nSystem.out.println(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (front + queSize) % capacity();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % capacity();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[j % capacity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate:\nint *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;     // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nint queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\npublic:\nArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = new int[capacity];\nqueCapacity = capacity;\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n~ArrayQueue() {\ndelete[] nums;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity() {\nreturn queCapacity;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\nif (queSize == queCapacity) {\ncout &lt;&lt; \"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" &lt;&lt; endl;\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (front + queSize) % queCapacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % queCapacity;\nqueSize--;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (empty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvector&lt;int&gt; arr(queSize);\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = nums[j % queCapacity];\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_queue.py<pre><code>class ArrayQueue:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, size: int):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__nums: list[int] = [0] * size  # \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nself.__front: int = 0  # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nself.__size: int = 0  # \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\ndef capacity(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__nums)\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size == 0\ndef push(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\nif self.__size == self.capacity():\nraise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n# \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n# \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nrear: int = (self.__front + self.__size) % self.capacity()\n# \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.__nums[rear] = num\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\nnum: int = self.peek()\n# \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nself.__front = (self.__front + 1) % self.capacity()\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__nums[self.__front]\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nres = [0] * self.size()\nj: int = self.__front\nfor i in range(self.size()):\nres[i] = self.__nums[(j % self.capacity())]\nj += 1\nreturn res\n</code></pre> array_queue.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayQueue struct {\nnums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nqueSize     int   // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nqueCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayQueue(queCapacity int) *arrayQueue {\nreturn &amp;arrayQueue{\nnums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\nqueCapacity: queCapacity,\nfront:       0,\nqueSize:     0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) size() int {\nreturn q.queSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn q.queSize == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) push(num int) {\n// \u5f53 rear == queCapacity \u8868\u793a\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\nif q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nrear := (q.front + q.queSize) % q.queCapacity\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nq.nums[rear] = num\nq.queSize++\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) pop() any {\nnum := q.peek()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nq.front = (q.front + 1) % q.queCapacity\nq.queSize--\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) peek() any {\nif q.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn q.nums[q.front]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) toSlice() []int {\nrear := (q.front + q.queSize)\nif rear &gt;= q.queCapacity {\nrear %= q.queCapacity\nreturn append(q.nums[q.front:], q.nums[:rear]...)\n}\nreturn q.nums[q.front:rear]\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n#nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n#front = 0; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n#queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor(capacity) {\nthis.#nums = new Array(capacity);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nget capacity() {\nreturn this.#nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty() {\nreturn this.#queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num) {\nif (this.size === this.capacity) {\nconsole.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nconst rear = (this.#front + this.size) % this.capacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.#nums[rear] = num;\nthis.#queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop() {\nconst num = this.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nthis.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;\nthis.#queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#nums[this.#front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst arr = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i &lt; this.size; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = this.#nums[j % this.capacity];\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate queSize: number; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor(capacity: number) {\nthis.nums = new Array(capacity);\nthis.front = this.queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nget capacity(): number {\nreturn this.nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty(): boolean {\nreturn this.queSize === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npush(num: number): void {\nif (this.size === this.capacity) {\nconsole.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nconst rear = (this.front + this.queSize) % this.capacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nthis.nums[rear] = num;\nthis.queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npop(): number {\nconst num = this.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nthis.front = (this.front + 1) % this.capacity;\nthis.queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.nums[this.front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray(): number[] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nconst arr = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = 0, j = this.front; i &lt; this.size; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = this.nums[j % this.capacity];\n}\nreturn arr;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct arrayQueue {\nint *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nint front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\nint queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n};\ntypedef struct arrayQueue arrayQueue;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {\narrayQueue *queue = (arrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(arrayQueue));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nqueue-&gt;queCapacity = capacity;\nqueue-&gt;nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * queue-&gt;queCapacity);\nqueue-&gt;front = queue-&gt;queSize = 0;\nreturn queue;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayQueue(arrayQueue *queue) {\nfree(queue-&gt;nums);\nqueue-&gt;queCapacity = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(arrayQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queCapacity;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(arrayQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(arrayQueue *queue) {\nreturn queue-&gt;queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(arrayQueue *queue) {\nassert(size(queue) != 0);\nreturn queue-&gt;nums[queue-&gt;front];\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(arrayQueue *queue, int num) {\nif (size(queue) == capacity(queue)) {\nprintf(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (queue-&gt;front + queue-&gt;queSize) % queue-&gt;queCapacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nqueue-&gt;nums[rear] = num;\nqueue-&gt;queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nvoid pop(arrayQueue *queue) {\nint num = peek(queue);\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nqueue-&gt;front = (queue-&gt;front + 1) % queue-&gt;queCapacity;\nqueue-&gt;queSize--;\n}\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printArrayQueue(arrayQueue *queue) {\nint arr[queue-&gt;queSize];\n// \u62f7\u8d1d\nfor (int i = 0, j = queue-&gt;front; i &lt; queue-&gt;queSize; i++, j++) {\narr[i] = queue-&gt;nums[j % queue-&gt;queCapacity];\n}\nprintArray(arr, queue-&gt;queSize);\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\npublic ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\nnums = new int[capacity];\nfront = queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\npublic int capacity() {\nreturn nums.Length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\npublic void push(int num) {\nif (queSize == capacity()) {\nConsole.WriteLine(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (front + queSize) % capacity();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num;\nqueSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % capacity();\nqueSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn nums[front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\npublic int[] toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nint[] res = new int[queSize];\nfor (int i = 0, j = front; i &lt; queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = nums[j % this.capacity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nprivate var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nprivate var front = 0 // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nprivate var queSize = 0 // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\ninit(capacity: Int) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc capacity() -&gt; Int {\nnums.count\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nqueSize\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nqueSize == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\nif size() == capacity() {\nprint(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\nreturn\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nlet rear = (front + queSize) % capacity()\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nnums[rear] = num\nqueSize += 1\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peek()\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nfront = (front + 1) % capacity()\nqueSize -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn nums[front]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: queSize)\nfor (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 &lt; self.queSize - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\nres[i] = nums[j % capacity()]\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn ArrayQueue(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nnums: []T = undefined,                          // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4     \ncap: usize = 0,                                 // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\nfront: usize = 0,                               // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nqueSize: usize = 0,                             // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cap: usize) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.cap = cap;\nself.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.cap);\n@memset(self.nums, @as(T, 0));\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\npub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.cap;\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.queSize;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.queSize == 0;\n}\n// \u5165\u961f\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\nif (self.size() == self.capacity()) {\nstd.debug.print(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\n\", .{});\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nvar rear = (self.front + self.queSize) % self.capacity();\n// \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\nself.nums[rear] = num;\nself.queSize += 1;\n} // \u51fa\u961f\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nself.front = (self.front + 1) % self.capacity();\nself.queSize -= 1;\nreturn num;\n} // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.nums[self.front];\n} // \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nvar j: usize = self.front;\nwhile (i &lt; self.size()) : ({ i += 1; j += 1; }) {\nres[i] = self.nums[j % self.capacity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5b58\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nlate int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlate int _queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n_nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\n_front = _queSize = 0;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capaCity() {\nreturn _nums.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _queSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _queSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(int num) {\nif (_queSize == capaCity()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nint rear = (_front + _queSize) % capaCity();\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n_nums[rear] = num;\n_queSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop() {\nint num = peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n_front = (_front + 1) % capaCity();\n_queSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _nums[_front];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() {\n// \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nfinal List&lt;int&gt; res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\nfor (int i = 0, j = _front; i &lt; _queSize; i++, j++) {\nres[i] = _nums[j % capaCity()];\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_queue.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayQueue {\nnums: Vec&lt;i32&gt;,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfront: i32,         // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nque_size: i32,      // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\nque_capacity: i32,  // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n}\nimpl ArrayQueue {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new(capacity: i32) -&gt; ArrayQueue {\nArrayQueue {\nnums: vec![0; capacity as usize],\nfront: 0,\nque_size: 0,\nque_capacity: capacity,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfn capacity(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nself.que_capacity\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn size(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nself.que_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nself.que_size == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfn push(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\nif self.que_size == self.capacity() {\nprintln!(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n// \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\nlet rear = (self.front + self.que_size) % self.que_capacity;\n// \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\nself.nums[rear as usize] = num;\nself.que_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; i32 {\nlet num = self.peek();\n// \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\nself.front = (self.front + 1) % self.que_capacity;\nself.que_size -= 1;\nnum\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nif self.is_empty() {\npanic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n}\nself.nums[self.front as usize]\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn to_vector(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet cap = self.que_capacity;\nlet mut j = self.front;\nlet mut arr = vec![0; self.que_size as usize];\nfor i in 0..self.que_size {\narr[i as usize] = self.nums[(j % cap) as usize];\nj += 1;\n}\narr\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u6808\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#523","title":"5.2.3 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u6dd8\u5b9d\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u8005\u4e0b\u5355\u540e\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6d77\u91cf\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u653b\u514b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002</li> <li>\u5404\u7c7b\u5f85\u529e\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5148\u6765\u540e\u5230\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u3001\u9910\u5385\u7684\u51fa\u9910\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u3002\u961f\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5904\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/","title":"5.1 \u00a0 \u6808","text":"<p>\u300c\u6808 stack\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6808\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u645e\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u62ff\u51fa\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u76d8\u5b50\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6808\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5806\u53e0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5e95\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u5e95\u201d\u3002\u5c06\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5165\u6808\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5220\u9664\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u89c4\u5219 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#511","title":"5.1.1 \u00a0 \u6808\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u6808\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 <code>push()</code> , <code>pop()</code> , <code>peek()</code> \u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6808\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387 </p> \u65b9\u6cd5 \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6808\u9876\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) <p>\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u89c6\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u6808\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust stack.java<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack&lt;Integer&gt; stack = new Stack&lt;&gt;();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();\n</code></pre> stack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nstack&lt;int&gt; stack;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top = stack.top();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nstack.pop(); // \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = stack.empty();\n</code></pre> stack.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\n# Python \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a List \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nstack: list[int] = []\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = stack[-1]\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808\npop: int = stack.pop()\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(stack)\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(stack) == 0\n</code></pre> stack_test.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5c06 Slice \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack []int\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack = append(stack, 1)\nstack = append(stack, 3)\nstack = append(stack, 2)\nstack = append(stack, 5)\nstack = append(stack, 4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := stack[len(stack)-1]\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\npop := stack[len(stack)-1]\nstack = stack[:len(stack)-1]\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := len(stack)\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := len(stack) == 0\n</code></pre> stack.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Javascript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length-1];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n</code></pre> stack.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Typescript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack: number[] = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length - 1];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n</code></pre> stack.c<pre><code>// C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u6808\n</code></pre> stack.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack&lt;int&gt; stack = new ();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.Push(1);\nstack.Push(3);\nstack.Push(2);\nstack.Push(5);\nstack.Push(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.Peek();\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.Pop();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.Count;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.Count == 0;\n</code></pre> stack.swift<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack: [Int] = []\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = stack.last!\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nlet pop = stack.removeLast()\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = stack.count\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = stack.isEmpty\n</code></pre> stack.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> stack.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Dart \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a List \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nList&lt;int&gt; stack = [];\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.add(1);\nstack.add(3);\nstack.add(2);\nstack.add(5);\nstack.add(4);\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.last;\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.removeLast();\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.length;\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.isEmpty;\n</code></pre> stack.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#512","title":"5.1.2 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u6808\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u7c7b\u3002</p> <p>\u6808\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5c4f\u853d\u201d\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7b26\u5408\u6808\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u5e95\u3002</p> <p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> LinkedListStackpush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust linkedlist_stack.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate ListNode stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate int stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListStack() {\nstackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = stackPeek;\nstackPeek = node;\nstkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nint num = peek();\nstackPeek = stackPeek.next;\nstkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nListNode node = stackPeek;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = res.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate:\nListNode *stackTop; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nint stkSize;        // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic:\nLinkedListStack() {\nstackTop = nullptr;\nstkSize = 0;\n}\n~LinkedListStack() {\n// \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfreeMemoryLinkedList(stackTop);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\nListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\nnode-&gt;next = stackTop;\nstackTop = node;\nstkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nvoid pop() {\nint num = top();\nListNode *tmp = stackTop;\nstackTop = stackTop-&gt;next;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete tmp;\nstkSize--;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top() {\nif (size() == 0)\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn stackTop-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nListNode *node = stackTop;\nvector&lt;int&gt; res(size());\nfor (int i = res.size() - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node-&gt;val;\nnode = node-&gt;next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.py<pre><code>class LinkedListStack:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__peek: ListNode | None = None\nself.__size: int = 0\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn self.__size\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn not self.__peek\ndef push(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\nnode = ListNode(val)\nnode.next = self.__peek\nself.__peek = node\nself.__size += 1\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\nnum: int = self.peek()\nself.__peek = self.__peek.next\nself.__size -= 1\nreturn num\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n# \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\nif not self.__peek:\nreturn None\nreturn self.__peek.val\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\narr = []\nnode = self.__peek\nwhile node:\narr.append(node.val)\nnode = node.next\narr.reverse()\nreturn arr\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype linkedListStack struct {\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\ndata *list.List\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newLinkedListStack() *linkedListStack {\nreturn &amp;linkedListStack{\ndata: list.New(),\n}\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) push(value int) {\ns.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) pop() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\ns.data.Remove(e)\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) peek() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\ne := s.data.Back()\nreturn e.Value\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) size() int {\nreturn s.data.Len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) toList() *list.List {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n#stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n#stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.#stackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty() {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num) {\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = this.#stackPeek;\nthis.#stackPeek = node;\nthis.#stkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop() {\nconst num = this.peek();\nthis.#stackPeek = this.#stackPeek.next;\nthis.#stkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\nif (!this.#stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray() {\nlet node = this.#stackPeek;\nconst res = new Array(this.size);\nfor (let i = res.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate stackPeek: ListNode | null; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate stkSize: number = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nconstructor() {\nthis.stackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty(): boolean {\nreturn this.size === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num: number): void {\nconst node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = this.stackPeek;\nthis.stackPeek = node;\nthis.stkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop(): number {\nconst num = this.peek();\nif (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nthis.stackPeek = this.stackPeek.next;\nthis.stkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\nif (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\ntoArray(): number[] {\nlet node = this.stackPeek;\nconst res = new Array&lt;number&gt;(this.size);\nfor (let i = res.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node!.val;\nnode = node!.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct linkedListStack {\nListNode *top; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nint size;      // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n};\ntypedef struct linkedListStack linkedListStack;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nlinkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {\nlinkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(linkedListStack));\ns-&gt;top = NULL;\ns-&gt;size = 0;\nreturn s;\n}\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListStack(linkedListStack *s) {\nwhile (s-&gt;top) {\nListNode *n = s-&gt;top-&gt;next;\nfree(s-&gt;top);\ns-&gt;top = n;\n}\nfree(s);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(linkedListStack *s) {\nassert(s);\nreturn s-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(linkedListStack *s) {\nassert(s);\nreturn size(s) == 0;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(linkedListStack *s) {\nassert(s);\nassert(size(s) != 0);\nreturn s-&gt;top-&gt;val;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(linkedListStack *s, int num) {\nassert(s);\nListNode *node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\nnode-&gt;next = s-&gt;top; // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u57df\nnode-&gt;val = num;     // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u57df\ns-&gt;top = node;       // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u9876\ns-&gt;size++;           // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(linkedListStack *s) {\nif (s-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"stack is empty.\\n\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\nassert(s);\nint val = peek(s);\nListNode *tmp = s-&gt;top;\ns-&gt;top = s-&gt;top-&gt;next;\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\nfree(tmp);\ns-&gt;size--;\nreturn val;\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate ListNode? stackPeek;  // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate int stkSize = 0;   // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npublic LinkedListStack() {\nstackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nListNode node = new ListNode(num);\nnode.next = stackPeek;\nstackPeek = node;\nstkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nif (stackPeek == null)\nthrow new Exception();\nint num = peek();\nstackPeek = stackPeek.next;\nstkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (size() == 0 || stackPeek == null)\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn stackPeek.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nif (stackPeek == null)\nreturn Array.Empty&lt;int&gt;();\nListNode node = stackPeek;\nint[] res = new int[size()];\nfor (int i = res.Length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\nres[i] = node.val;\nnode = node.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nprivate var _peek: ListNode? // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nprivate var _size = 0 // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\ninit() {}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\n_size\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nsize() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\nlet node = ListNode(x: num)\nnode.next = _peek\n_peek = node\n_size += 1\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nlet num = peek()\n_peek = _peek?.next\n_size -= 1\nreturn num\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn _peek!.val\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar node = _peek\nvar res = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\nfor i in sequence(first: res.count - 1, next: { $0 &gt;= 0 + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\nres[i] = node!.val\nnode = node?.next\n}\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn LinkedListStack(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nstack_top: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,             // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nstk_size: usize = 0,                             // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nmem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\nmem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,    // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n// \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) {\nself.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\nself.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n}\nself.stack_top = null;\nself.stk_size = 0;\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.mem_arena == null) return;\nself.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.stk_size;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.stack_top.?.val;\n}  // \u5165\u6808\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\nnode.next = self.stack_top;\nself.stack_top = node;\nself.stk_size += 1;\n} // \u51fa\u6808\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.peek();\nself.stack_top = self.stack_top.?.next;\nself.stk_size -= 1;\nreturn num;\n} // \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\npub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\nvar node = self.stack_top;\nvar res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n@memset(res, @as(T, 0));\nvar i: usize = 0;\nwhile (i &lt; res.len) : (i += 1) {\nres[res.len - i - 1] = node.?.val;\nnode = node.?.next;\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\nListNode? _stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nint _stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nLinkedListStack() {\n_stackPeek = null;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _stkSize;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _stkSize == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\nfinal ListNode node = ListNode(num);\nnode.next = _stackPeek;\n_stackPeek = node;\n_stkSize++;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop() {\nfinal int num = peek();\n_stackPeek = _stackPeek!.next;\n_stkSize--;\nreturn num;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (_stackPeek == null) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _stackPeek!.val;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a List \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nList&lt;int&gt; toList() {\nListNode? node = _stackPeek;\nList&lt;int&gt; list = [];\nwhile (node != null) {\nlist.add(node.val);\nnode = node.next;\n}\nlist = list.reversed.toList();\nreturn list;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> linkedlist_stack.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListStack&lt;T&gt; {\nstack_peek: Option&lt;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;,   // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\nstk_size: usize,                                // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\nimpl&lt;T: Copy&gt; LinkedListStack&lt;T&gt; {\npub fn new() -&gt; Self {\nSelf {\nstack_peek: None,\nstk_size: 0,\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npub fn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nreturn self.stk_size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npub fn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npub fn push(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nlet node = ListNode::new(num);\nnode.borrow_mut().next = self.stack_peek.take();\nself.stack_peek = Some(node);\nself.stk_size += 1;\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npub fn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nself.stack_peek.take().map(|old_head| {\nmatch old_head.borrow_mut().next.take() {\nSome(new_head) =&gt; {\nself.stack_peek = Some(new_head);\n}\nNone =&gt; {\nself.stack_peek = None;\n}\n}\nself.stk_size -= 1;\nRc::try_unwrap(old_head).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n})\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npub fn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; {\nself.stack_peek.as_ref()\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npub fn to_array(&amp;self, head: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;ListNode&lt;T&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;T&gt; {\nif let Some(node) = head {\nlet mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\nnums.push(node.borrow().val);\nreturn nums;\n}\nreturn Vec::new();\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002</p> ArrayStackpush()pop() <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_stack.java<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; stack;\npublic ArrayStack() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nstack = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stack.size();\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic boolean isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nstack.add(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn stack.remove(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\nreturn stack.get(size() - 1);\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic Object[] toArray() {\nreturn stack.toArray();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.cpp<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate:\nvector&lt;int&gt; stack;\npublic:\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn stack.size();\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty() {\nreturn stack.empty();\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\nstack.push_back(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nvoid pop() {\nint oldTop = top();\nstack.pop_back();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top() {\nif (empty())\nthrow out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn stack.back();\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Vector */\nvector&lt;int&gt; toVector() {\nreturn stack;\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_stack.py<pre><code>class ArrayStack:\n\"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__stack: list[int] = []\ndef size(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__stack)\ndef is_empty(self) -&gt; bool:\n\"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\nreturn self.__stack == []\ndef push(self, item: int):\n\"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\nself.__stack.append(item)\ndef pop(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__stack.pop()\ndef peek(self) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\nif self.is_empty():\nraise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\nreturn self.__stack[-1]\ndef to_list(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\nreturn self.__stack\n</code></pre> array_stack.go<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype arrayStack struct {\ndata []int // \u6570\u636e\n}\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newArrayStack() *arrayStack {\nreturn &amp;arrayStack{\n// \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 16\ndata: make([]int, 0, 16),\n}\n}\n/* \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) size() int {\nreturn len(s.data)\n}\n/* \u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) isEmpty() bool {\nreturn s.size() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) push(v int) {\n// \u5207\u7247\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u5bb9\ns.data = append(s.data, v)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) pop() any {\nval := s.peek()\ns.data = s.data[:len(s.data)-1]\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) peek() any {\nif s.isEmpty() {\nreturn nil\n}\nval := s.data[len(s.data)-1]\nreturn val\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) toSlice() []int {\nreturn s.data\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.js<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n#stack;\nconstructor() {\nthis.#stack = [];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size() {\nreturn this.#stack.length;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty() {\nreturn this.#stack.length === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num) {\nthis.#stack.push(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop() {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#stack.pop();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\ntop() {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.#stack[this.#stack.length - 1];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray() {\nreturn this.#stack;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.ts<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate stack: number[];\nconstructor() {\nthis.stack = [];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nget size(): number {\nreturn this.stack.length;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nempty(): boolean {\nreturn this.stack.length === 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npush(num: number): void {\nthis.stack.push(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npop(): number | undefined {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.stack.pop();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\ntop(): number | undefined {\nif (this.empty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\nreturn this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\ntoArray() {\nreturn this.stack;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.c<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct arrayStack {\nint *data;\nint size;\n};\ntypedef struct arrayStack arrayStack;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayStack *newArrayStack() {\narrayStack *s = malloc(sizeof(arrayStack));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9\ns-&gt;data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\ns-&gt;size = 0;\nreturn s;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(arrayStack *s) {\nreturn s-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(arrayStack *s) {\nreturn s-&gt;size == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(arrayStack *s, int num) {\nif (s-&gt;size == MAX_SIZE) {\nprintf(\"stack is full.\\n\");\nreturn;\n}\ns-&gt;data[s-&gt;size] = num;\ns-&gt;size++;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(arrayStack *s) {\nif (s-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"stack is empty.\\n\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\nreturn s-&gt;data[s-&gt;size - 1];\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(arrayStack *s) {\nif (s-&gt;size == 0) {\nprintf(\"stack is empty.\\n\");\nreturn INT_MAX;\n}\nint val = peek(s);\ns-&gt;size--;\nreturn val;\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.cs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate List&lt;int&gt; stack;\npublic ArrayStack() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nstack = new();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\npublic int size() {\nreturn stack.Count();\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\npublic bool isEmpty() {\nreturn size() == 0;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\npublic void push(int num) {\nstack.Add(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\npublic int pop() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new Exception();\nvar val = peek();\nstack.RemoveAt(size() - 1);\nreturn val;\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npublic int peek() {\nif (isEmpty())\nthrow new Exception();\nreturn stack[size() - 1];\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\npublic int[] toArray() {\nreturn stack.ToArray();\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.swift<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nprivate var stack: [Int]\ninit() {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nstack = []\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\nstack.count\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc isEmpty() -&gt; Bool {\nstack.isEmpty\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc push(num: Int) {\nstack.append(num)\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc pop() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn stack.removeLast()\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -&gt; Int {\nif isEmpty() {\nfatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n}\nreturn stack.last!\n}\n/* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nfunc toArray() -&gt; [Int] {\nstack\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.zig<pre><code>// \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn ArrayStack(comptime T: type) type {\nreturn struct {\nconst Self = @This();\nstack: ?std.ArrayList(T) = null,     // \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\npub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {\nif (self.stack == null) {\nself.stack = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n}\n}\n// \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\npub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\nif (self.stack == null) return;\nself.stack.?.deinit();\n}\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\npub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\nreturn self.stack.?.items.len;\n}\n// \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\npub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\nreturn self.size() == 0;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\nif (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\nreturn self.stack.?.items[self.size() - 1];\n}  // \u5165\u6808\npub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\ntry self.stack.?.append(num);\n} // \u51fa\u6808\npub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\nvar num = self.stack.?.pop();\nreturn num;\n} // \u8fd4\u56de ArrayList\npub fn toList(self: *Self) std.ArrayList(T) {\nreturn self.stack.?;\n}\n};\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.dart<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\nlate List&lt;int&gt; _stack;\nArrayStack() {\n_stack = [];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size() {\nreturn _stack.length;\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty() {\nreturn _stack.isEmpty;\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(int num) {\n_stack.add(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _stack.removeLast();\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\nif (isEmpty()) {\nthrow Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n}\nreturn _stack.last;\n}\n/* \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\nList&lt;int&gt; toArray() =&gt; _stack;\n}\n</code></pre> array_stack.rs<pre><code>/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct ArrayStack&lt;T&gt; {\nstack: Vec&lt;T&gt;,\n}\nimpl&lt;T&gt; ArrayStack&lt;T&gt; {\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfn new() -&gt; ArrayStack&lt;T&gt; {\nArrayStack::&lt;T&gt; { stack: Vec::&lt;T&gt;::new() }\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn size(&amp;self) -&gt; usize {\nself.stack.len()\n}\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfn is_empty(&amp;self) -&gt; bool {\nself.size() == 0\n}\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfn push(&amp;mut self, num: T) {\nself.stack.push(num);\n}\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfn pop(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;T&gt; {\nmatch self.stack.pop() {\nSome(num) =&gt; Some(num),\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;T&gt; {\nif self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\nself.stack.last()\n}\n/* \u8fd4\u56de &amp;Vec */\nfn to_array(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;Vec&lt;T&gt; {\n&amp;self.stack\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#513","title":"5.1.3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":""},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u652f\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6808\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u989d\u5916\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6808\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u548c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u672c\u5730\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002</p> <p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982 <code>int</code> , <code>double</code> \uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5bb9\u662f\u4f4e\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</li> <li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u500d\u7387\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 2 \u500d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u3002</p> <p>\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#514","title":"5.1.4 \u00a0 \u6808\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u9000\u4e0e\u524d\u8fdb\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u4e0e\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875\u9762\u3002\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u540e\u9000\u548c\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u6765\u914d\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\u9636\u6bb5\u5219\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/","title":"5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\u3002</li> <li>\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u6808\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002</li> <li>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/#541-q-a","title":"5.4.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f</p> <p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u6808\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\uff1b\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4ece\u6808\u9876\u5f39\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7ae0\u8282\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u51fa\u6808\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6808\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff1f</p> <p>\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f39\u51fa\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u82e5\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\uff0c<code>Java</code> \u548c <code>Python</code> \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5728 <code>C</code> \u548c <code>C++</code> \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002</p> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u50cf\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u63a5\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f</p> <p>\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6808 + \u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/","title":"\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6811","text":"<p>Abstract</p> <p>\u53c2\u5929\u5927\u6811\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u6df1\u53f6\u8302\uff0c\u5206\u679d\u6276\u758f\u3002</p> <p>\u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"<ul> <li>7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811</li> <li>7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386</li> <li>7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a</li> <li>7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811</li> <li>7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *</li> <li>7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/","title":"7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a","text":"<p>\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9 <code>TreeNode</code> \uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#731","title":"7.3.1 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u5148\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002</p> <p>\u6839\u636e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\uff1a\u82e5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#732","title":"7.3.2 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u7136\u800c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b \\(\\text{None}\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u63a8\u6d4b \\(\\text{None}\\) \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 </p> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u6240\u6709 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e86\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nInteger[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c INT_MAX \u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvector&lt;int&gt; tree = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n</code></pre> <pre><code># \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\n# \u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree = [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 any \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5207\u7247, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree := []any{1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: (number | null)[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a INT_MAX\nint tree[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nint?[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: [Int?] = [1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15]\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList&lt;int?&gt; tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\\(\\text{None}\\) \u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e14\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u4e00\u5b9a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709 \\(\\text{None}\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a </p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3001\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u83b7\u53d6\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</li> </ul> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust array_binary_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nprivate List&lt;Integer&gt; tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayBinaryTree(List&lt;Integer&gt; arr) {\ntree = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(arr);\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn tree.size();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\npublic Integer val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size())\nreturn null;\nreturn tree.get(i);\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic Integer left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic Integer right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic Integer parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; levelOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i) != null)\nres.add(val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nprivate void dfs(Integer i, String order, List&lt;Integer&gt; res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(i) == null)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"pre\")\nres.add(val(i));\ndfs(left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"in\")\nres.add(val(i));\ndfs(right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"post\")\nres.add(val(i));\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; preOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; inOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;Integer&gt; postOrder() {\nList&lt;Integer&gt; res = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\npublic:\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayBinaryTree(vector&lt;int&gt; arr) {\ntree = arr;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn tree.size();\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size())\nreturn INT_MAX;\nreturn tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; levelOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i) != INT_MAX)\nres.push_back(val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; preOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\ndfs(0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; inOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\ndfs(0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; postOrder() {\nvector&lt;int&gt; res;\ndfs(0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\nprivate:\nvector&lt;int&gt; tree;\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(int i, string order, vector&lt;int&gt; &amp;res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(i) == INT_MAX)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"pre\")\nres.push_back(val(i));\ndfs(left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"in\")\nres.push_back(val(i));\ndfs(right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"post\")\nres.push_back(val(i));\n}\n};\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.py<pre><code>class ArrayBinaryTree:\n\"\"\"\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, arr: list[int | None]):\n\"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\nself.__tree = list(arr)\ndef size(self):\n\"\"\"\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\nreturn len(self.__tree)\ndef val(self, i: int) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 or i &gt;= self.size():\nreturn None\nreturn self.__tree[i]\ndef left(self, i: int) -&gt; int | None:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 1\ndef right(self, i: int) -&gt; int | None:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn 2 * i + 2\ndef parent(self, i: int) -&gt; int | None:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\nreturn (i - 1) // 2\ndef level_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in range(self.size()):\nif self.val(i) is not None:\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\nreturn self.res\ndef __dfs(self, i: int, order: str):\n\"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif self.val(i) is None:\nreturn\n# \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\":\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\nself.__dfs(self.left(i), order)\n# \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\":\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\nself.__dfs(self.right(i), order)\n# \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\":\nself.res.append(self.val(i))\ndef pre_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\nself.__dfs(0, order=\"pre\")\nreturn self.res\ndef in_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\nself.__dfs(0, order=\"in\")\nreturn self.res\ndef post_order(self) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nself.res = []\nself.__dfs(0, order=\"post\")\nreturn self.res\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\ntype arrayBinaryTree struct {\ntree []any\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newArrayBinaryTree(arr []any) *arrayBinaryTree {\nreturn &amp;arrayBinaryTree{\ntree: arr,\n}\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) size() int {\nreturn len(abt.tree)\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) val(i int) any {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= abt.size() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn abt.tree[i]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) left(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) right(i int) int {\nreturn 2*i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) parent(i int) int {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) levelOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i := 0; i &lt; abt.size(); i++ {\nif abt.val(i) != nil {\nres = append(res, abt.val(i))\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) dfs(i int, order string, res *[]any) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif abt.val(i) == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\" {\n*res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n}\nabt.dfs(abt.left(i), order, res)\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\" {\n*res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n}\nabt.dfs(abt.right(i), order, res)\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\" {\n*res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) preOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\nabt.dfs(0, \"pre\", &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) inOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\nabt.dfs(0, \"in\", &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) postOrder() []any {\nvar res []any\nabt.dfs(0, \"post\", &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n#tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(arr) {\nthis.#tree = arr;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize() {\nreturn this.#tree.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nval(i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size()) return null;\nreturn this.#tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nlevelOrder() {\nlet res = [];\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.size(); i++) {\nif (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n#dfs(i, order, res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.val(i) === null) return;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npreOrder() {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\ninOrder() {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npostOrder() {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n#tree: (number | null)[];\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nconstructor(arr: (number | null)[]) {\nthis.#tree = arr;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nsize(): number {\nreturn this.#tree.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nval(i: number): number | null {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= this.size()) return null;\nreturn this.#tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i: number): number {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i: number): number {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nlevelOrder(): number[] {\nlet res = [];\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (let i = 0; i &lt; this.size(); i++) {\nif (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n#dfs(i: number, order: Order, res: (number | null)[]): void {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (this.val(i) === null) return;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\nthis.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npreOrder(): (number | null)[] {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\ninOrder(): (number | null)[] {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npostOrder(): (number | null)[] {\nconst res = [];\nthis.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nstruct arrayBinaryTree {\nvector *tree;\n};\ntypedef struct arrayBinaryTree arrayBinaryTree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\narrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(vector *arr) {\narrayBinaryTree *newABT = malloc(sizeof(arrayBinaryTree));\nnewABT-&gt;tree = arr;\nreturn newABT;\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nreturn abt-&gt;tree-&gt;size;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint val(arrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size(abt))\nreturn INT_MAX;\nreturn *(int *)abt-&gt;tree-&gt;data[i];\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(arrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, const char *order, vector *res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(abt, i) == INT_MAX)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (strcmp(order, \"pre\") == 0) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(tmp));\n}\ndfs(abt, left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (strcmp(order, \"in\") == 0) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(tmp));\n}\ndfs(abt, right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (strcmp(order, \"post\") == 0) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(tmp));\n}\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *levelOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(abt); i++) {\nif (val(abt, i) != INT_MAX) {\nint tmp = val(abt, i);\nvectorPushback(res, &amp;tmp, sizeof(int));\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *preOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\ndfs(abt, 0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *inOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\ndfs(abt, 0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector *postOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {\nvector *res = newVector();\ndfs(abt, 0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nprivate List&lt;int?&gt; tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\npublic ArrayBinaryTree(List&lt;int?&gt; arr) {\ntree = new List&lt;int?&gt;(arr);\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\npublic int size() {\nreturn tree.Count;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\npublic int? val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size())\nreturn null;\nreturn tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic int left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic int right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\npublic int parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; levelOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i).HasValue)\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nprivate void dfs(int i, string order, List&lt;int&gt; res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (!val(i).HasValue)\nreturn;\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"pre\")\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\ndfs(left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"in\")\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\ndfs(right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == \"post\")\nres.Add(val(i).Value);\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; preOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"pre\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; inOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"in\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\npublic List&lt;int&gt; postOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = new List&lt;int&gt;();\ndfs(0, \"post\", res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nprivate var tree: [Int?]\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\ninit(arr: [Int?]) {\ntree = arr\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc size() -&gt; Int {\ntree.count\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfunc val(i: Int) -&gt; Int? {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size() {\nreturn nil\n}\nreturn tree[i]\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc left(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc right(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc parent(i: Int) -&gt; Int {\n(i - 1) / 2\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in stride(from: 0, to: size(), by: 1) {\nif let val = val(i: i) {\nres.append(val)\n}\n}\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nprivate func dfs(i: Int, order: String, res: inout [Int]) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nguard let val = val(i: i) else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\" {\nres.append(val)\n}\ndfs(i: left(i: i), order: order, res: &amp;res)\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\" {\nres.append(val)\n}\ndfs(i: right(i: i), order: order, res: &amp;res)\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\" {\nres.append(val)\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\ndfs(i: 0, order: \"pre\", res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\ndfs(i: 0, order: \"in\", res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder() -&gt; [Int] {\nvar res: [Int] = []\ndfs(i: 0, order: \"post\", res: &amp;res)\nreturn res\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.zig<pre><code>[class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\nlate List&lt;int?&gt; _tree;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nArrayBinaryTree(this._tree);\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size() {\nreturn _tree.length;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint? val(int i) {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif (i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= size()) {\nreturn null;\n}\nreturn _tree[i];\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint? left(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 1;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint? right(int i) {\nreturn 2 * i + 2;\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint? parent(int i) {\nreturn (i - 1) ~/ 2;\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int&gt; levelOrder() {\nList&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nfor (int i = 0; i &lt; size(); i++) {\nif (val(i) != null) {\nres.add(val(i)!);\n}\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(int i, String order, List&lt;int?&gt; res) {\n// \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\nif (val(i) == null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == 'pre') {\nres.add(val(i));\n}\ndfs(left(i)!, order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == 'in') {\nres.add(val(i));\n}\ndfs(right(i)!, order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif (order == 'post') {\nres.add(val(i));\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int?&gt; preOrder() {\nList&lt;int?&gt; res = [];\ndfs(0, 'pre', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int?&gt; inOrder() {\nList&lt;int?&gt; res = [];\ndfs(0, 'in', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int?&gt; postOrder() {\nList&lt;int?&gt; res = [];\ndfs(0, 'post', res);\nreturn res;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> array_binary_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nstruct ArrayBinaryTree {\ntree: Vec&lt;Option&lt;i32&gt;&gt;,\n}\nimpl ArrayBinaryTree {\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfn new(arr: Vec&lt;Option&lt;i32&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Self {\nSelf { tree: arr }\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfn size(&amp;self) -&gt; i32 {\nself.tree.len() as i32\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfn val(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\nif i &lt; 0 || i &gt;= self.size() {\nNone\n} else {\nself.tree[i as usize]\n}\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn left(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n2 * i + 1\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn right(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n2 * i + 2\n}\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn parent(&amp;self, i: i32) -&gt; i32 {\n(i - 1) / 2\n}\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn level_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfor i in 0..self.size() {\nif let Some(val) = self.val(i) {\nres.push(val)\n}\n}\nres\n}\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nfn dfs(&amp;self, i: i32, order: &amp;str, res: &amp;mut Vec&lt;i32&gt;) {\nif self.val(i).is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nlet val = self.val(i).unwrap();\n// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"pre\" {\nres.push(val);\n}\nself.dfs(self.left(i), order, res);\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"in\" {\nres.push(val);\n}\nself.dfs(self.right(i), order, res);\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nif order == \"post\" {\nres.push(val);\n}\n}\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn pre_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\nself.dfs(0, \"pre\", &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn in_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\nself.dfs(0, \"in\", &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn post_order(&amp;self) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut res = vec![];\nself.dfs(0, \"post\", &amp;mut res);\nres\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#733","title":"7.3.3 \u00a0 \u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u3002</li> <li>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</li> <li>\u5141\u8bb8\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a</p> <ul> <li>\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6811\u3002</li> <li>\u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> <li>\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf \\(\\text{None}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u91cd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/","title":"7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *","text":"<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c06\u4ece \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6076\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\)\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aAVL \u6811\u5728\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316 </p> <p>\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6811\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5411\u5de6\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6076\u5316\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aAVL \u6811\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316 </p> <p>G. M. Adelson-Velsky \u548c E. M. Landis \u5728\u5176 1962 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587 \"An algorithm for the organization of information\" \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300cAVL \u6811\u300d\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0cAVL \u6811\u80fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#751-avl","title":"7.5.1 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u65e2\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 balanced binary search tree\u300d\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6","text":"<p>\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c AVL \u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e3a AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u6dfb\u52a0 <code>height</code> \u53d8\u91cf\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\npublic int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npublic int height;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\npublic TreeNode left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val{};          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nint height = 0;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nTreeNode *left{};   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *right{};  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode() = default;\nexplicit TreeNode(int x) : val(x){}\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class TreeNode:\n\"\"\"AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                    # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.height: int = 0                   # \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.left: Optional[TreeNode] = None   # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nself.right: Optional[TreeNode] = None  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\nVal    int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nHeight int       // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nLeft   *TreeNode // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nRight  *TreeNode // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nval; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nheight; //\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nleft; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nright; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nconstructor(val, left, right, height) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\nthis.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height;\nthis.left = left === undefined ? null : left;\nthis.right = right === undefined ? null : right;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nval: number;            // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nheight: number;         // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nleft: TreeNode | null;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nright: TreeNode | null; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nconstructor(val?: number, height?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\nthis.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height; this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val;\nint height;\nstruct TreeNode *left;\nstruct TreeNode *right;\n};\ntypedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\nTreeNode *node;\nnode = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;height = 0;\nnode-&gt;left = NULL;\nnode-&gt;right = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\npublic int val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\npublic int height;       // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\npublic TreeNode? left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode? right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\npublic TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar height: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nvar left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nvar right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\ninit(x: Int) {\nval = x\nheight = 0\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nint height;      // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nTreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode(this.val, [this.height = 0, this.left, this.right]);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0 \uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == nullptr ? -1 : node-&gt;height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode-&gt;height = max(height(node-&gt;left), height(node-&gt;right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def height(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n# \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nif node is not None:\nreturn node.height\nreturn -1\ndef __update_height(self, node: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n# \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height = max([self.height(node.left), self.height(node.right)]) + 1\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) height(node *TreeNode) int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nif node != nil {\nreturn node.Height\n}\nreturn -1\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) updateHeight(node *TreeNode) {\nlh := t.height(node.Left)\nrh := t.height(node.Right)\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nif lh &gt; rh {\nnode.Height = lh + 1\n} else {\nnode.Height = rh + 1\n}\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\n#updateHeight(node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height =\nMath.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node: TreeNode): number {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nupdateHeight(node: TreeNode): void {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height =\nMath.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nif (node != NULL) {\nreturn node-&gt;height;\n}\nreturn -1;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\nint lh = height(node-&gt;left);\nint rh = height(node-&gt;right);\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nif (lh &gt; rh) {\nnode-&gt;height = lh + 1;\n} else {\nnode-&gt;height = rh + 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.height = Math.Max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc height(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nnode == nil ? -1 : node!.height\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode?.height = max(height(node: node?.left), height(node: node?.right)) + 1\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n_ = self;\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.?.height = @max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nreturn node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode!.height = max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; i32 {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\nmatch node {\nSome(node) =&gt; node.borrow().height,\nNone =&gt; -1,\n}\n}\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn update_height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) {\nif let Some(node) = node {\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\nnode.borrow_mut().height = std::cmp::max(Self::height(left), Self::height(right)) + 1;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50","text":"<p>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 balance factor\u300d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51cf\u53bb\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0 \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null)\nreturn 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == nullptr)\nreturn 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node-&gt;left) - height(node-&gt;right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def balance_factor(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; int:\n\"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n# \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif node is None:\nreturn 0\n# \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn self.height(node.left) - self.height(node.right)\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) balanceFactor(node *TreeNode) int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif node == nil {\nreturn 0\n}\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn t.height(node.Left) - t.height(node.Right)\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node === null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node: TreeNode): number {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node === null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == NULL) {\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node-&gt;left) - height(node-&gt;right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; Int {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nguard let node = node else { return 0 }\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node: node.left) - height(node: node.right)\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nfn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nif (node == null) return 0;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nreturn height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn balance_factor(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; i32 {\nmatch node {\n// \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\nNone =&gt; 0,\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\nSome(node) =&gt; {\nSelf::height(node.borrow().left.clone()) - Self::height(node.borrow().right.clone())\n}\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>Note</p> <p>\u8bbe\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(f\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u68f5 AVL \u6811\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7686\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(-1 \\le f \\le 1\\) \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#752-avl","title":"7.5.2 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u65cb\u8f6c","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c \\(&gt; 1\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8282\u70b9\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53f3\u65cb","text":"<p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u9996\u4e2a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 3\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u8be5\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>node</code> \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>child</code> \uff0c\u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\uff0c\u5b50\u6811\u5df2\u7ecf\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002</p> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 </p> <p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8282\u70b9 <code>child</code> \u672c\u8eab\u6709\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>grandChild</code> \uff09\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53f3\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 <code>grandChild</code> \u4f5c\u4e3a <code>node</code> \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709 grandChild \u7684\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u201c\u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode rightRotate(TreeNode node) {\nTreeNode child = node.left;\nTreeNode grandChild = child.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child = node-&gt;left;\nTreeNode *grandChild = child-&gt;right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;right = node;\nnode-&gt;left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def __right_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nchild = node.left\ngrand_child = child.right\n# \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node\nnode.left = grand_child\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\nself.__update_height(child)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rightRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\nchild := node.Left\ngrandChild := child.Right\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.Right = node\nnode.Left = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\nt.updateHeight(child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#rightRotate(node) {\nconst child = node.left;\nconst grandChild = child.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.#updateHeight(node);\nthis.#updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nrightRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\nconst child = node.left;\nconst grandChild = child.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.updateHeight(node);\nthis.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child, *grandChild;\nchild = node-&gt;left;\ngrandChild = child-&gt;right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;right = node;\nnode-&gt;left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node.left;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc rightRotate(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nlet child = node?.left\nlet grandChild = child?.right\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild?.right = node\nnode?.left = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node: node)\nupdateHeight(node: child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar child = node.?.left;\nvar grandChild = child.?.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.?.right = node;\nnode.?.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.updateHeight(node);\nself.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node!.left;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child!.right;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.right = node;\nnode.left = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn right_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(node) =&gt; {\nlet child = node.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();\nlet grand_child = child.borrow().right.clone();\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.borrow_mut().right = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().left = grand_child;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nSelf::update_height(Some(node));\nSelf::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(child)\n}\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5de6\u65cb","text":"<p>\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u82e5\u8282\u70b9 <code>child</code> \u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>grandChild</code> \uff09\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5de6\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 <code>grandChild</code> \u4f5c\u4e3a <code>node</code> \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u6709 grandChild \u7684\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c </p> <p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u53f3\u65cb\u548c\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u955c\u50cf\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u53f3\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684 <code>left</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a <code>right</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684 <code>right</code> \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a <code>left</code> \uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode leftRotate(TreeNode node) {\nTreeNode child = node.right;\nTreeNode grandChild = child.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child = node-&gt;right;\nTreeNode *grandChild = child-&gt;left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;left = node;\nnode-&gt;right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def __left_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\nchild = node.right\ngrand_child = child.left\n# \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node\nnode.right = grand_child\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\nself.__update_height(child)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) leftRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\nchild := node.Right\ngrandChild := child.Left\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.Left = node\nnode.Right = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\nt.updateHeight(child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#leftRotate(node) {\nconst child = node.right;\nconst grandChild = child.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.#updateHeight(node);\nthis.#updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nleftRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\nconst child = node.right;\nconst grandChild = child.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nthis.updateHeight(node);\nthis.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\nTreeNode *child, *grandChild;\nchild = node-&gt;right;\ngrandChild = child-&gt;left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild-&gt;left = node;\nnode-&gt;right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node.right;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc leftRotate(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nlet child = node?.right\nlet grandChild = child?.left\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild?.left = node\nnode?.right = grandChild\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node: node)\nupdateHeight(node: child)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar child = node.?.right;\nvar grandChild = child.?.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.?.left = node;\nnode.?.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.updateHeight(node);\nself.updateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\nTreeNode? child = node!.right;\nTreeNode? grandChild = child!.left;\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.left = node;\nnode.right = grandChild;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\nupdateHeight(child);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn child;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn left_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(node) =&gt; {\nlet child = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\nlet grand_child = child.borrow().left.clone();\n// \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\nchild.borrow_mut().left = Some(node.clone());\nnode.borrow_mut().right = grand_child;\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nSelf::update_height(Some(node));\nSelf::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(child)\n}\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 3\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u65cb\u6216\u53f3\u65cb\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b50\u6811\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5bf9 <code>child</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9 <code>node</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb","text":"<p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5bf9 <code>child</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9 <code>node</code> \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"<p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u9010\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u540e\u5de6\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u540e\u53f3\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1aAVL \u6811\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5 </p> <p>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e00\u4fa7\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6761\u4ef6 </p> \u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u6cd5 \\(&gt; 1\\) \uff08\u5373\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\geq 0\\) \u53f3\u65cb \\(&gt; 1\\) \uff08\u5373\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(&lt;0\\) \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb \\(&lt; -1\\) \uff08\u5373\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\leq 0\\) \u5de6\u65cb \\(&lt; -1\\) \uff08\u5373\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(&gt;0\\) \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode rotate(TreeNode node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint _balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (_balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode-&gt;left = leftRotate(node-&gt;left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (_balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode-&gt;right = rightRotate(node-&gt;right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def __rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\"\"\"\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nbalance_factor = self.balance_factor(node)\n# \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif balance_factor &gt; 1:\nif self.balance_factor(node.left) &gt;= 0:\n# \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn self.__right_rotate(node)\nelse:\n# \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = self.__left_rotate(node.left)\nreturn self.__right_rotate(node)\n# \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nelif balance_factor &lt; -1:\nif self.balance_factor(node.right) &lt;= 0:\n# \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn self.__left_rotate(node)\nelse:\n# \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = self.__right_rotate(node.right)\nreturn self.__left_rotate(node)\n# \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n// Go \u63a8\u8350\u77ed\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc bf \u6307\u4ee3 t.balanceFactor\nbf := t.balanceFactor(node)\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif bf &gt; 1 {\nif t.balanceFactor(node.Left) &gt;= 0 {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn t.rightRotate(node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.Left = t.leftRotate(node.Left)\nreturn t.rightRotate(node)\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif bf &lt; -1 {\nif t.balanceFactor(node.Right) &lt;= 0 {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn t.leftRotate(node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.Right = t.rightRotate(node.Right)\nreturn t.leftRotate(node)\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n#rotate(node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nconst balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn this.#rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = this.#leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn this.#rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn this.#leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = this.#rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn this.#leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nrotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nconst balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &gt; 1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn this.rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = this.leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn this.rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactor &lt; -1) {\nif (this.balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn this.leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = this.rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn this.leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint bf = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (bf &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode-&gt;left = leftRotate(node-&gt;left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (bf &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node-&gt;right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode-&gt;right = rightRotate(node-&gt;right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint balanceFactorInt = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactorInt &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = leftRotate(node?.left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balanceFactorInt &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = rightRotate(node?.right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc rotate(node: TreeNode?) -&gt; TreeNode? {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nlet balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node: node)\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif balanceFactor &gt; 1 {\nif self.balanceFactor(node: node?.left) &gt;= 0 {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node: node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode?.left = leftRotate(node: node?.left)\nreturn rightRotate(node: node)\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif balanceFactor &lt; -1 {\nif self.balanceFactor(node: node?.right) &lt;= 0 {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node: node)\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode?.right = rightRotate(node: node?.right)\nreturn leftRotate(node: node)\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nfn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nvar balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (balance_factor &gt; 1) {\nif (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn self.rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);\nreturn self.rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (balance_factor &lt; -1) {\nif (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn self.leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);\nreturn self.leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nint factor = balanceFactor(node);\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif (factor &gt; 1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node!.left) &gt;= 0) {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nnode.left = leftRotate(node.left);\nreturn rightRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nif (factor &lt; -1) {\nif (balanceFactor(node!.right) &lt;= 0) {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nnode.right = rightRotate(node.right);\nreturn leftRotate(node);\n}\n}\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfn rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nlet balance_factor = Self::balance_factor(node.clone());\n// \u5de6\u504f\u6811\nif balance_factor &gt; 1 {\nlet node = node.unwrap();\nif Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().left.clone()) &gt;= 0 {\n// \u53f3\u65cb\nSelf::right_rotate(Some(node))\n} else {\n// \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().left = Self::left_rotate(left);\nSelf::right_rotate(Some(node))\n}\n}\n// \u53f3\u504f\u6811\nelse if balance_factor &lt; -1 {\nlet node = node.unwrap();\nif Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().right.clone()) &lt;= 0 {\n// \u5de6\u65cb\nSelf::left_rotate(Some(node))\n} else {\n// \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::right_rotate(right);\nSelf::left_rotate(Some(node))\n}\n} else {\n// \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nnode\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#753-avl","title":"7.5.3 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728 AVL \u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81ea\u5e95\u5411\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode insertHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\nif (node == null)\nreturn new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse\nreturn node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nif (node == nullptr)\nreturn new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;left = insertHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;right = insertHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\nelse\nreturn node;    // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def insert(self, val):\n\"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nself.root = self.__insert_helper(self.root, val)\ndef __insert_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -&gt; TreeNode:\n\"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\nif node is None:\nreturn TreeNode(val)\n# 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nif val &lt; node.val:\nnode.left = self.__insert_helper(node.left, val)\nelif val &gt; node.val:\nnode.right = self.__insert_helper(node.right, val)\nelse:\n# \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\n# 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nreturn self.__rotate(node)\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insert(val int) {\nt.root = t.insertHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insertHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\nif node == nil {\nreturn NewTreeNode(val)\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif val &lt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Left = t.insertHelper(node.Left, val)\n} else if val &gt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Right = t.insertHelper(node.Right, val)\n} else {\n// \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = t.rotate(node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val) {\nthis.root = this.#insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#insertHelper(node, val) {\nif (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val) node.left = this.#insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = this.#insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nthis.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.#rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val: number): void {\nthis.root = this.insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\ninsertHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\nif (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val) {\nnode.left = this.insertHelper(node.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.val) {\nnode.right = this.insertHelper(node.right, val);\n} else {\nreturn node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\nthis.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(aVLTree *tree, int val) {\ntree-&gt;root = insertHelper(tree-&gt;root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nif (node == NULL) {\nreturn newTreeNode(val);\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;left = insertHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;right = insertHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\n} else {\n// \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn node;\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse\nreturn node;     // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(val: Int) {\nroot = insertHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc insertHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nvar node = node\nif node == nil {\nreturn TreeNode(x: val)\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif val &lt; node!.val {\nnode?.left = insertHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n} else if val &gt; node!.val {\nnode?.right = insertHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n} else {\nreturn node // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\nupdateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node: node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\nself.root = (try self.insertHelper(self.root, val)).?;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar node = node_;\nif (node == null) {\nvar tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\ntmp_node.init(val);\nreturn tmp_node;\n}\n// 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nif (val &lt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);\n} else {\nreturn node;            // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\nself.updateHeight(node);    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n// 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nnode = self.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\nroot = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return TreeNode(val);\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\nelse\nreturn node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn insert(&amp;mut self, val: i32) {\nself.root = Self::insert_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn insert_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(mut node) =&gt; {\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nmatch {\nlet node_val = node.borrow().val;\nnode_val\n}\n.cmp(&amp;val)\n{\nOrdering::Greater =&gt; {\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().left = Self::insert_helper(left, val);\n}\nOrdering::Less =&gt; {\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::insert_helper(right, val);\n}\nOrdering::Equal =&gt; {\nreturn Some(node); // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\n}\nSelf::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(node)\n}\nNone =&gt; Some(TreeNode::new(val)),\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust avl_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode removeHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\nif (node == null)\nreturn null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\nTreeNode child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse\nnode = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nif (node == nullptr)\nreturn nullptr;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;left = removeHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node-&gt;val)\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\nelse {\nif (node-&gt;left == nullptr || node-&gt;right == nullptr) {\nTreeNode *child = node-&gt;left != nullptr ? node-&gt;left : node-&gt;right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == nullptr) {\ndelete node;\nreturn nullptr;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse {\ndelete node;\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *temp = node-&gt;right;\nwhile (temp-&gt;left != nullptr) {\ntemp = temp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tempVal = temp-&gt;val;\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, temp-&gt;val);\nnode-&gt;val = tempVal;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.py<pre><code>def remove(self, val: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\nself.root = self.__remove_helper(self.root, val)\ndef __remove_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\nif node is None:\nreturn None\n# 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\nif val &lt; node.val:\nnode.left = self.__remove_helper(node.left, val)\nelif val &gt; node.val:\nnode.right = self.__remove_helper(node.right, val)\nelse:\nif node.left is None or node.right is None:\nchild = node.left or node.right\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif child is None:\nreturn None\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse:\nnode = child\nelse:\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\ntemp = node.right\nwhile temp.left is not None:\ntemp = temp.left\nnode.right = self.__remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)\nnode.val = temp.val\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nself.__update_height(node)\n# 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nreturn self.__rotate(node)\n</code></pre> avl_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) remove(val int) {\nt.root = t.removeHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) removeHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\nif node == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif val &lt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Left = t.removeHelper(node.Left, val)\n} else if val &gt; node.Val.(int) {\nnode.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, val)\n} else {\nif node.Left == nil || node.Right == nil {\nchild := node.Left\nif node.Right != nil {\nchild = node.Right\n}\nif child == nil {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nreturn nil\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nnode = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\ntemp := node.Right\nfor temp.Left != nil {\ntemp = temp.Left\n}\nnode.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, temp.Val.(int))\nnode.Val = temp.Val\n}\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nt.updateHeight(node)\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = t.rotate(node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val) {\nthis.root = this.#removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#removeHelper(node, val) {\nif (node === null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val) node.left = this.#removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\nconst child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child === null) return null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse node = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left !== null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nthis.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.#rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val: number): void {\nthis.root = this.removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nremoveHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\nif (node === null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val) {\nnode.left = this.removeHelper(node.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.val) {\nnode.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, val);\n} else {\nif (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\nconst child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child === null) {\nreturn null;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nlet temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left !== null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nthis.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = this.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeNode(aVLTree *tree, int val) {\nTreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree-&gt;root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\nTreeNode *child, *grandChild;\nif (node == NULL) {\nreturn NULL;\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;left = removeHelper(node-&gt;left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node-&gt;val) {\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, val);\n} else {\nif (node-&gt;left == NULL || node-&gt;right == NULL) {\nchild = node-&gt;left;\nif (node-&gt;right != NULL) {\nchild = node-&gt;right;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == NULL) {\nreturn NULL;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *temp = node-&gt;right;\nwhile (temp-&gt;left != NULL) {\ntemp = temp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tempVal = temp-&gt;val;\nnode-&gt;right = removeHelper(node-&gt;right, temp-&gt;val);\nnode-&gt;val = tempVal;\n}\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nupdateHeight(node);\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\nTreeNode? child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse\nnode = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(val: Int) {\nroot = removeHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc removeHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nvar node = node\nif node == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif val &lt; node!.val {\nnode?.left = removeHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n} else if val &gt; node!.val {\nnode?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n} else {\nif node?.left == nil || node?.right == nil {\nlet child = node?.left != nil ? node?.left : node?.right\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif child == nil {\nreturn nil\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse {\nnode = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nvar temp = node?.right\nwhile temp?.left != nil {\ntemp = temp?.left\n}\nnode?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: temp!.val)\nnode?.val = temp!.val\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node: node)\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, val: T) void {\nself.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val).?;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar node = node_;\nif (node == null) return null;\n// 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b\nif (val &lt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);\n} else if (val &gt; node.?.val) {\nnode.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);\n} else {\nif (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {\nvar child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null) {\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n} else {\nnode = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nvar temp = node.?.right;\nwhile (temp.?.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.?.left;\n}\nnode.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);\nnode.?.val = temp.?.val;\n}\n}\nself.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n// 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nnode = self.rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\nroot = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\nif (node == null) return null;\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif (val &lt; node.val)\nnode.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\nelse if (val &gt; node.val)\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\nelse {\nif (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\nTreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nif (child == null)\nreturn null;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nelse\nnode = child;\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? temp = node.right;\nwhile (temp!.left != null) {\ntemp = temp.left;\n}\nnode.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\nnode.val = temp.val;\n}\n}\nupdateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = rotate(node);\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> avl_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn remove(&amp;self, val: i32) {\nSelf::remove_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn remove_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -&gt; OptionTreeNodeRc {\nmatch node {\nSome(mut node) =&gt; {\n/* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4e4b */\nif val &lt; node.borrow().val {\nlet left = node.borrow().left.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().left = Self::remove_helper(left, val);\n} else if val &gt; node.borrow().val {\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, val);\n} else if node.borrow().left.is_none() || node.borrow().right.is_none() {\nlet child = if node.borrow().left.is_some() {\nnode.borrow().left.clone()\n} else {\nnode.borrow().right.clone()\n};\nmatch child {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\nNone =&gt; {\nreturn None;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\nSome(child) =&gt; node = child,\n}\n} else {\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\nlet mut temp = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\nloop {\nlet temp_left = temp.borrow().left.clone();\nif temp_left.is_none() {\nbreak;\n}\ntemp = temp_left.unwrap();\n}\nlet right = node.borrow().right.clone();\nnode.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, temp.borrow().val);\nnode.borrow_mut().val = temp.borrow().val;\n}\nSelf::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n/* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nnode = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nSome(node)\n}\nNone =&gt; None,\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#754-avl","title":"7.5.4 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u589e\u5220\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002</li> <li>\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6bd4 AVL \u6811\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff1f</p> <p>\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e AVL \u6811\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/","title":"7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 binary search tree\u300d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(&lt;\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(&lt;\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002</li> <li>\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6837\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6 <code>1.</code> \u3002</li> </ol> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#741","title":"7.4.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b <code>ArrayBinaryTree</code> \uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf <code>root</code> \uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u503c <code>num</code> \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 <code>cur</code> \uff0c\u4ece\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9 <code>root</code> \u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c <code>cur.val</code> \u548c <code>num</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb</p> <ul> <li>\u82e5 <code>cur.val &lt; num</code> \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>cur</code> \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c <code>cur = cur.right</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5 <code>cur.val &gt; num</code> \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 <code>cur</code> \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c <code>cur = cur.left</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u82e5 <code>cur.val = num</code> \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> </ul> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode search(int num) {\nTreeNode cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num)\ncur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(int num) {\nTreeNode *cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur-&gt;val &gt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.py<pre><code>def search(self, num: int) -&gt; TreeNode | None:\n\"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\ncur: TreeNode | None = self.root\n# \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur is not None:\n# \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur.val &lt; num:\ncur = cur.right\n# \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelif cur.val &gt; num:\ncur = cur.left\n# \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse:\nbreak\nreturn cur\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) search(num int) *TreeNode {\nnode := bst.root\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nfor node != nil {\nif node.Val.(int) &lt; num {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nnode = node.Right\n} else if node.Val.(int) &gt; num {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nnode = node.Left\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn node\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction search(num) {\nlet cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur = cur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num) cur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse break;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction search(num: number): TreeNode | null {\nlet cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\nif (cur.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.right; // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else if (cur.val &gt; num) {\ncur = cur.left; // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\nbreak; // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\nTreeNode *cur = bst-&gt;root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != NULL) {\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n} else if (cur-&gt;val &gt; num) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n} else {\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nbreak;\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? search(int num) {\nTreeNode? cur = root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur =\ncur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num)\ncur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc search(num: Int) -&gt; TreeNode? {\nvar cur = root\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur != nil {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur!.val &lt; num {\ncur = cur?.right\n}\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if cur!.val &gt; num {\ncur = cur?.left\n}\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse {\nbreak\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\nfn search(self: *Self, num: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\nvar cur = self.root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.?.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else if (cur.?.val &gt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n} else {\nbreak;\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? search(int num) {\nTreeNode? cur = _root;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if (cur.val &gt; num)\ncur = cur.left;\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse\nbreak;\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\nreturn cur;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn search(&amp;self, num: i32) -&gt; Option&lt;TreeNodeRc&gt; {\nlet mut cur = self.root.clone();\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif node.borrow().val &lt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n}\n// \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse if node.borrow().val &gt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n}\n// \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nelse {\nbreak;\n}\n}\n// \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\ncur\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 <code>num</code> \uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 &lt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 &lt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c <code>num</code> \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u904d\u5386\u81f3 \\(\\text{None}\\) \uff09\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002</li> <li>\u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9 <code>num</code> \uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7f6e\u4e8e \\(\\text{None}\\) \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002</li> </ol> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u8fdd\u53cd\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_search_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val == num)\nreturn;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre.val &lt; num)\npre.right = node;\nelse\npre.left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur-&gt;val == num)\nreturn;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre-&gt;val &lt; num)\npre-&gt;right = node;\nelse\npre-&gt;left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.py<pre><code>def insert(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root is None:\nreturn\n# \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\ncur, pre = self.root, None\nwhile cur is not None:\n# \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur.val == num:\nreturn\npre = cur\n# \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur.val &lt; num:\ncur = cur.right\n# \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse:\ncur = cur.left\n# \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nnode = TreeNode(num)\nif pre.val &lt; num:\npre.right = node\nelse:\npre.left = node\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) insert(num int) {\ncur := bst.root\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\nvar pre *TreeNode = nil\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nfor cur != nil {\nif cur.Val == num {\nreturn\n}\npre = cur\nif cur.Val.(int) &lt; num {\ncur = cur.Right\n} else {\ncur = cur.Left\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nnode := NewTreeNode(num)\nif pre.Val.(int) &lt; num {\npre.Right = node\n} else {\npre.Left = node\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction insert(num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) return;\nlet cur = root,\npre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val === num) return;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse cur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre.val &lt; num) pre.right = node;\nelse pre.left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction insert(num: number): void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nlet cur = root,\npre: TreeNode | null = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\nif (cur.val === num) {\nreturn; // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n}\npre = cur;\nif (cur.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.right as TreeNode; // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.left as TreeNode; // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre!.val &lt; num) {\npre!.right = node;\n} else {\npre!.left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (bst-&gt;root == NULL)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = bst-&gt;root, *pre = NULL;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != NULL) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur-&gt;val == num) {\nreturn;\n}\npre = cur;\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num) {\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n} else {\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);\nif (pre-&gt;val &lt; num) {\npre-&gt;right = node;\n} else {\npre-&gt;left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val == num)\nreturn;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);\nif (pre != null) {\nif (pre.val &lt; num)\npre.right = node;\nelse\npre.left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(num: Int) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\nvar cur = root\nvar pre: TreeNode?\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur != nil {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur!.val == num {\nreturn\n}\npre = cur\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur!.val &lt; num {\ncur = cur?.right\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = cur?.left\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = TreeNode(x: num)\nif pre!.val &lt; num {\npre?.right = node\n} else {\npre?.left = node\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (self.root == null) return;\nvar cur = self.root;\nvar pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.?.val == num) return;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.?.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.?.left;\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nvar node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\nnode.init(num);\nif (pre.?.val &lt; num) {\npre.?.right = node;\n} else {\npre.?.left = node;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (_root == null) return;\nTreeNode? cur = _root;\nTreeNode? pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur.val == num) return;\npre = cur;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? node = TreeNode(num);\nif (pre!.val &lt; num)\npre.right = node;\nelse\npre.left = node;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn insert(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nlet mut cur = self.root.clone();\nlet mut pre = None;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n// \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif node.borrow().val == num {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\npre = cur.clone();\nif node.borrow().val &lt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n}\n}\n// \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nlet node = TreeNode::new(num);\nlet pre = pre.unwrap();\nif pre.borrow().val &lt; num {\npre.borrow_mut().right = Some(Rc::clone(&amp;node));\n} else {\npre.borrow_mut().left = Some(Rc::clone(&amp;node));\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528\u8f85\u52a9\u8282\u70b9 <code>pre</code> \u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u904d\u5386\u81f3 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"<p>\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u7ef4\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 &lt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 &lt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a</p> <p>\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\uff09 </p> <p>\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5373\u53ef\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 1\uff09 </p> <p>\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6 \\(&lt;\\) \u6839 \\(&lt;\\) \u53f3\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5373\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u201c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a <code>tmp</code> \u3002</li> <li>\u5c06 <code>tmp</code> \u7684\u503c\u8986\u76d6\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 <code>tmp</code> \u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b </p> <p>\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDart binary_search_tree.java<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == null)\nreturn;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre.left == cur)\npre.left = child;\nelse\npre.right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left != null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != nullptr) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur-&gt;val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num)\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur-&gt;left == nullptr || cur-&gt;right == nullptr) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *child = cur-&gt;left != nullptr ? cur-&gt;left : cur-&gt;right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre-&gt;left == cur)\npre-&gt;left = child;\nelse\npre-&gt;right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n// \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\ndelete cur;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *tmp = cur-&gt;right;\nwhile (tmp-&gt;left != nullptr) {\ntmp = tmp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tmpVal = tmp-&gt;val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp-&gt;val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur-&gt;val = tmpVal;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.py<pre><code>def remove(self, num: int):\n\"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n# \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root is None:\nreturn\n# \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\ncur, pre = self.root, None\nwhile cur is not None:\n# \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif cur.val == num:\nbreak\npre = cur\n# \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur.val &lt; num:\ncur = cur.right\n# \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse:\ncur = cur.left\n# \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur is None:\nreturn\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif cur.left is None or cur.right is None:\n# \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nchild = cur.left or cur.right\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif cur != self.root:\nif pre.left == cur:\npre.left = child\nelse:\npre.right = child\nelse:\n# \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nself.root = child\n# \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse:\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\ntmp: TreeNode = cur.right\nwhile tmp.left is not None:\ntmp = tmp.left\n# \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nself.remove(tmp.val)\n# \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) remove(num int) {\ncur := bst.root\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\nvar pre *TreeNode = nil\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nfor cur != nil {\nif cur.Val == num {\nbreak\n}\npre = cur\nif cur.Val.(int) &lt; num {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur.Right\n} else {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur.Left\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1\nif cur.Left == nil || cur.Right == nil {\nvar child *TreeNode = nil\n// \u53d6\u51fa\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nif cur.Left != nil {\nchild = cur.Left\n} else {\nchild = cur.Right\n}\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif cur != bst.root {\nif pre.Left == cur {\npre.Left = child\n} else {\npre.Right = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nbst.root = child\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 2\n} else {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\ntmp := cur.Right\nfor tmp.Left != nil {\ntmp = tmp.Left\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nbst.remove(tmp.Val.(int))\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.Val = tmp.Val\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) return;\nlet cur = root,\npre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val === num) break;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num) cur = cur.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse cur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur === null) return;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;\nelse pre.right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left !== null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(num: number): void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\nlet cur = root,\npre: TreeNode | null = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur !== null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val === num) {\nbreak;\n}\npre = cur;\nif (cur.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.right as TreeNode; // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.left as TreeNode; // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre!.left === cur) {\npre!.left = child;\n} else {\npre!.right = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left !== null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp!.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeNode(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (bst-&gt;root == NULL)\nreturn;\nTreeNode *cur = bst-&gt;root, *pre = NULL;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != NULL) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur-&gt;val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\nif (cur-&gt;val &lt; num) {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;right;\n} else {\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\ncur = cur-&gt;left;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u5224\u65ad\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nif (cur-&gt;left == NULL || cur-&gt;right == NULL) {\n/* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1 */\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *child = cur-&gt;left != NULL ? cur-&gt;left : cur-&gt;right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (pre-&gt;left == cur) {\npre-&gt;left = child;\n} else {\npre-&gt;right = child;\n}\n} else {\n/* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 */\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *tmp = cur-&gt;right;\nwhile (tmp-&gt;left != NULL) {\ntmp = tmp-&gt;left;\n}\nint tmpVal = tmp-&gt;val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremoveNode(bst, tmp-&gt;val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur-&gt;val = tmpVal;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\nTreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.val == num)\nbreak;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.val &lt; num)\ncur = cur.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse\ncur = cur.left;\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == null || pre == null)\nreturn;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (cur != root) {\nif (pre.left == cur)\npre.left = child;\nelse\npre.right = child;\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\nwhile (tmp.left != null) {\ntmp = tmp.left;\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(tmp.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.val = tmp.val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.swift<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(num: Int) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif root == nil {\nreturn\n}\nvar cur = root\nvar pre: TreeNode?\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile cur != nil {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif cur!.val == num {\nbreak\n}\npre = cur\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif cur!.val &lt; num {\ncur = cur?.right\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = cur?.left\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif cur?.left == nil || cur?.right == nil {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur?.left != nil ? cur?.left : cur?.right\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif cur !== root {\nif pre?.left === cur {\npre?.left = child\n} else {\npre?.right = child\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nroot = child\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar tmp = cur?.right\nwhile tmp?.left != nil {\ntmp = tmp?.left\n}\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nremove(num: tmp!.val)\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur?.val = tmp!.val\n}\n}\n</code></pre> binary_search_tree.zig<pre><code>// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, num: T) void {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif (self.root == null) return;\nvar cur = self.root;\nvar pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile (cur != null) {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif (cur.?.val == num) break;\npre = cur;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nif (cur.?.val &lt; num) {\ncur = cur.?.right;\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n} else {\ncur = cur.?.left;\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif (cur == null) return;\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif (cur.?.left == null or cur.?.right == null) {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nvar child = if (cur.?.left != null) cur.?.left else cur.?.right;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif (pre.?.left == cur) {\npre.?.left = child;\n} else {\npre.?.right = child;\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n} else {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar tmp = cur.?.right;\nwhile (tmp.?.left != null) {\ntmp = tmp.?.left;\n}\nvar tmp_val = tmp.?.val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nself.remove(tmp.?.val);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.?.val = tmp_val;\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <p>```dart title=\"binary_search_tree.dart\" /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */ void insert(int num) {   // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de   if (_root == null) return;   TreeNode? cur = _root;   TreeNode? pre = null;   // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa   while (cur != null) {     // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de     if (cur.val == num) return;     pre = cur;     // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d     if (cur.val &lt; num)       cur = cur.right;     // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d     else       cur = cur.left;   }   // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9   TreeNode? node = TreeNode(num);   if (pre!.val &lt; num)     pre.right = node;   else     pre.left = node; }</p> <p>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */     void remove(int num) {       // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de       if (_root == null) return;</p> <pre><code>  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  TreeNode? pre = null;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n    if (cur.val == num) break;\n    pre = cur;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val &lt; num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else\n      cur = cur.left;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (cur == null) return;\n  // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n  if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n    // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n    if (cur != _root) {\n      if (pre!.left == cur)\n        pre.left = child;\n      else\n        pre.right = child;\n    } else {\n      // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n      _root = child;\n    }\n  } else {\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\n    while (tmp!.left != null) {\n      tmp = tmp.left;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n    remove(tmp.val);\n    // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n    cur.val = tmp.val;\n  }\n}\n```\n</code></pre> Rust binary_search_tree.rs<pre><code>/* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn remove(&amp;mut self, num: i32) {\n// \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\nif self.root.is_none() { return; }\nlet mut cur = self.root.clone();\nlet mut pre = None;\n// \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\nwhile let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n// \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\nif node.borrow().val == num {\nbreak;\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\npre = cur.clone();\nif node.borrow().val &lt; num {\ncur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n}\n// \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\nelse {\ncur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n}\n}\n// \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\nif cur.is_none() {\nreturn;\n}\nlet cur = cur.unwrap();\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\nif cur.borrow().left.is_none() || cur.borrow().right.is_none() {\n// \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nlet child = cur.borrow().left.clone().or_else(|| cur.borrow().right.clone());\nlet pre = pre.unwrap();\nlet left = pre.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\nif !Rc::ptr_eq(&amp;cur, self.root.as_ref().unwrap()) {\nif Rc::ptr_eq(&amp;left, &amp;cur) {\npre.borrow_mut().left = child;\n} else {\npre.borrow_mut().right = child;\n}\n} else {\n// \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nself.root = child;\n}\n}\n// \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\nelse {\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet mut tmp = cur.borrow().right.clone();\nwhile let Some(node) = tmp.clone() {\nif node.borrow().left.is_some() {\ntmp = node.borrow().left.clone();\n} else {\nbreak;\n}\n}\nlet tmpval = tmp.unwrap().borrow().val;\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\nself.remove(tmpval);\n// \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\ncur.borrow_mut().val = tmpval;\n}\n}\n</code></pre>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f","text":"<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 \\(&lt;\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \\(&lt;\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u3002</p> <p>\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#742","title":"7.4.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387","text":"<p>\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5b58\u50a8\u3002</p> <p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u6bd4\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4 </p> \u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) <p>\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(\\log n\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u4e0e\u9000\u5316 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#743","title":"7.4.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"<ul> <li>\u7528\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</li> <li>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002</li> <li>\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/","title":"7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 binary tree\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7956\u5148\u4e0e\u540e\u4ee3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u662f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u503c\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode *left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nTreeNode *right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nTreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}\n};\n</code></pre> <pre><code>class TreeNode:\n\"\"\"\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\ndef __init__(self, val: int):\nself.val: int = val                   # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nself.left: Optional[TreeNode] = None  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nself.right: Optional[TreeNode] = None # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\nVal   int\nLeft  *TreeNode\nRight *TreeNode\n}\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc NewTreeNode(v int) *TreeNode {\nreturn &amp;TreeNode{\nLeft:  nil, // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nRight: nil, // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nVal:   v,   // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nfunction TreeNode(val, left, right) {\nthis.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val); // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.left = (left === undefined ? null : left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nthis.right = (right === undefined ? null : right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nval: number;\nleft: TreeNode | null;\nright: TreeNode | null;\nconstructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\nthis.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nthis.left = left === undefined ? null : left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nthis.right = right === undefined ? null : right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\nint val;                // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nint height;             // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nstruct TreeNode *left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\nstruct TreeNode *right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n};\ntypedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\nTreeNode *node;\nnode = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\nnode-&gt;val = val;\nnode-&gt;height = 0;\nnode-&gt;left = NULL;\nnode-&gt;right = NULL;\nreturn node;\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode? left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode? right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nvar val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nvar left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nvar right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\ninit(x: Int) {\nval = x\n}\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <pre><code>/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\nint val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\nTreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\nTreeNode(this.val, [this.left, this.right]);\n}\n</code></pre> <pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 left-child node\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 right-child node\u300d\uff0c\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u7236\u8282\u70b9 parent node\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 left subtree\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u53ef\u5f97\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811 right subtree\u300d\u3002</p> <p>\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5c06\u201c\u8282\u70b9 2\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5\u201d\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#711","title":"7.1.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"<p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c3d\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u300c\u6839\u8282\u70b9 root node\u300d\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9 leaf node\u300d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5747\u6307\u5411 \\(\\text{None}\\) \u3002</li> <li>\u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u7684\u300c\u5c42 level\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u5c42\u4e3a 1 \u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ea6\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f 0, 1, 2 \u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6 depth\u300d \uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> <li>\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed </p> <p>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u201c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u8fc7\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u6216\u6559\u6750\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u8fc7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0 1 \u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#712","title":"7.1.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"<p>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree.java<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode* n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode* n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode* n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode* n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode* n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\nn1-&gt;right = n3;\nn2-&gt;left = n4;\nn2-&gt;right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.py<pre><code># \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 = TreeNode(val=1)\nn2 = TreeNode(val=2)\nn3 = TreeNode(val=3)\nn4 = TreeNode(val=4)\nn5 = TreeNode(val=5)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n</code></pre> binary_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 := NewTreeNode(1)\nn2 := NewTreeNode(2)\nn3 := NewTreeNode(3)\nn4 := NewTreeNode(4)\nn5 := NewTreeNode(5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.Left = n2\nn1.Right = n3\nn2.Left = n4\nn2.Right = n5\n</code></pre> binary_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\nn2 = new TreeNode(2),\nn3 = new TreeNode(3),\nn4 = new TreeNode(4),\nn5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\nn2 = new TreeNode(2),\nn3 = new TreeNode(3),\nn4 = new TreeNode(4),\nn5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *n1 = newTreeNode(1);\nTreeNode *n2 = newTreeNode(2);\nTreeNode *n3 = newTreeNode(3);\nTreeNode *n4 = newTreeNode(4);\nTreeNode *n5 = newTreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\nn1-&gt;right = n3;\nn2-&gt;left = n4;\nn2-&gt;right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.swift<pre><code>// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = TreeNode(x: 1)\nlet n2 = TreeNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = TreeNode(x: 3)\nlet n4 = TreeNode(x: 4)\nlet n5 = TreeNode(x: 5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n</code></pre> binary_tree.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> binary_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\uff08\u5373\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 </p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree.java<pre><code>TreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cpp<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode* P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = P;\nP-&gt;left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.py<pre><code># \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\np = TreeNode(0)\n# \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = p\np.left = n2\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n</code></pre> binary_tree.go<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\np := NewTreeNode(0)\nn1.Left = p\np.Left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.Left = n2\n</code></pre> binary_tree.js<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nlet P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.ts<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nconst P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.c<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *P = newTreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = P;\nP-&gt;left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1-&gt;left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.cs<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.swift<pre><code>let P = TreeNode(x: 0)\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P\nP.left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n</code></pre> binary_tree.zig<pre><code>\n</code></pre> binary_tree.dart<pre><code>/* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -&gt; n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n</code></pre> binary_tree.rs<pre><code>\n</code></pre> <p>Note</p> <p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u539f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#713","title":"7.1.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 perfect binary tree\u300d\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff1b\u82e5\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u73b0\u8c61\u3002</p> <p>Tip</p> <p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u300d\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 complete binary tree\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e14\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u5c3d\u91cf\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 full binary tree\u300d\u9664\u4e86\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"<p>\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 balanced binary tree\u300d\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5dee\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#714","title":"7.1.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9000\u5316","text":"<p>\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6bcf\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u504f\u5411\u4e00\u4fa7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u3002</p> <ul> <li>\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201c\u5206\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002</li> <li>\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> </ul> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784 </p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u5927\u6216\u6781\u5c0f\u503c\u3002</p> <p> \u8868\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5 </p> \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 \u94fe\u8868 \u7b2c \\(i\\) \u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^{i-1}\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h\\) \u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^h\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h\\) \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \\(h + 1\\) \u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(n\\) \u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(\\log_2 (n+1) - 1\\) \\(n - 1\\)"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/","title":"7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u904d\u5386\u6811\u6bd4\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</p> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#721","title":"7.2.1 \u00a0 \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u300c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 level-order traversal\u300d\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5230\u5e95\u90e8\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002</p> <p>\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 </p> <p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u961f\u5217\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u961f\u5217\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree_bfs.java<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;Integer&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nQueue&lt;TreeNode&gt; queue = new LinkedList&lt;&gt;();\nqueue.add(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;Integer&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\nwhile (!queue.isEmpty()) {\nTreeNode node = queue.poll(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.add(node.val);           // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null)\nqueue.offer(node.left);   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right != null)\nqueue.offer(node.right);  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector&lt;int&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue&lt;TreeNode *&gt; queue;\nqueue.push(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvector&lt;int&gt; vec;\nwhile (!queue.empty()) {\nTreeNode *node = queue.front();\nqueue.pop();              // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nvec.push_back(node-&gt;val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node-&gt;left != nullptr)\nqueue.push(node-&gt;left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node-&gt;right != nullptr)\nqueue.push(node-&gt;right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn vec;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.py<pre><code>def level_order(root: TreeNode | None) -&gt; list[int]:\n\"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue: deque[TreeNode] = deque()\nqueue.append(root)\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nres = []\nwhile queue:\nnode: TreeNode = queue.popleft()  # \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nres.append(node.val)  # \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif node.left is not None:\nqueue.append(node.left)  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif node.right is not None:\nqueue.append(node.right)  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nreturn res\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.go<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root *TreeNode) []any {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue := list.New()\nqueue.PushBack(root)\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nnums := make([]any, 0)\nfor queue.Len() &gt; 0 {\n// \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nnode := queue.Remove(queue.Front()).(*TreeNode)\n// \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\nif node.Left != nil {\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue.PushBack(node.Left)\n}\nif node.Right != nil {\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue.PushBack(node.Right)\n}\n}\nreturn nums\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.js<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst queue = [root];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst list = [];\nwhile (queue.length) {\nlet node = queue.shift(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left) queue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right) queue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root: TreeNode | null): number[] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst queue = [root];\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nconst list: number[] = [];\nwhile (queue.length) {\nlet node = queue.shift() as TreeNode; // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left) {\nqueue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif (node.right) {\nqueue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.c<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *levelOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n/* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\nint front, rear;\nint index, *arr;\nTreeNode *node;\nTreeNode **queue;\n/* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\nqueue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode *) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);\n// \u961f\u5217\u6307\u9488\nfront = 0, rear = 0;\n// \u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nqueue[rear++] = root;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n/* \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 */\narr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);\n// \u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488\nindex = 0;\nwhile (front &lt; rear) {\n// \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nnode = queue[front++];\n// \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\narr[index++] = node-&gt;val;\nif (node-&gt;left != NULL) {\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue[rear++] = node-&gt;left;\n}\nif (node-&gt;right != NULL) {\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nqueue[rear++] = node-&gt;right;\n}\n}\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\n*size = index;\narr = realloc(arr, sizeof(int) * (*size));\n// \u91ca\u653e\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\nfree(queue);\nreturn arr;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nQueue&lt;TreeNode&gt; queue = new();\nqueue.Enqueue(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;int&gt; list = new();\nwhile (queue.Count != 0) {\nTreeNode node = queue.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.Add(node.val);              // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null)\nqueue.Enqueue(node.left);    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right != null)\nqueue.Enqueue(node.right);   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root: TreeNode) -&gt; [Int] {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nvar queue: [TreeNode] = [root]\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar list: [Int] = []\nwhile !queue.isEmpty {\nlet node = queue.removeFirst() // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nlist.append(node.val) // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif let left = node.left {\nqueue.append(left) // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif let right = node.right {\nqueue.append(right) // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\n}\nreturn list\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.zig<pre><code>// \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn levelOrder(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, root: *inc.TreeNode(T)) !std.ArrayList(T) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nconst L = std.TailQueue(*inc.TreeNode(T));\nvar queue = L{};\nvar root_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\nroot_node.data = root;\nqueue.append(root_node); // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nvar list = std.ArrayList(T).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\nwhile (queue.len &gt; 0) {\nvar queue_node = queue.popFirst().?;    // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nvar node = queue_node.data;\ntry list.append(node.val);              // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null) {\nvar tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\ntmp_node.data = node.left.?;\nqueue.append(tmp_node);             // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif (node.right != null) {\nvar tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\ntmp_node.data = node.right.?;\nqueue.append(tmp_node);             // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}        }\nreturn list;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList&lt;int&gt; levelOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\nQueue&lt;TreeNode?&gt; queue = Queue();\nqueue.add(root);\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nList&lt;int&gt; res = [];\nwhile (queue.isNotEmpty) {\nTreeNode? node = queue.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nres.add(node!.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\nif (node.left != null) queue.add(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\nif (node.right != null) queue.add(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nreturn res;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_bfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn level_order(root: &amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u7ed3\u70b9\nlet mut que = VecDeque::new();\nque.push_back(Rc::clone(&amp;root));\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\nlet mut vec = Vec::new();\nwhile let Some(node) = que.pop_front() {                 // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\nvec.push(node.borrow().val);                         // \u4fdd\u5b58\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c\nif let Some(left) = node.borrow().left.as_ref() {\nque.push_back(Rc::clone(left));                  // \u5de6\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n}\nif let Some(right) = node.borrow().right.as_ref() {\nque.push_back(Rc::clone(right));                 // \u53f3\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n};\n}\nvec\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#722","title":"7.2.2 \u00a0 \u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"<p>\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002</p> <p>\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5de6\u4fa7\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed5\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u201c\u8d70\u201d\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002</p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 </p> <p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8bf7\u914d\u5408\u4e0a\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002</p> JavaC++PythonGoJSTSCC#SwiftZigDartRust binary_tree_dfs.java<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.add(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.add(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode root) {\nif (root == null)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.add(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.cpp<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nvec.push_back(root-&gt;val);\npreOrder(root-&gt;left);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root-&gt;left);\nvec.push_back(root-&gt;val);\ninOrder(root-&gt;right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root) {\nif (root == nullptr)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root-&gt;left);\npostOrder(root-&gt;right);\nvec.push_back(root-&gt;val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.py<pre><code>def pre_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nres.append(root.val)\npre_order(root=root.left)\npre_order(root=root.right)\ndef in_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nin_order(root=root.left)\nres.append(root.val)\nin_order(root=root.right)\ndef post_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n\"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\nif root is None:\nreturn\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npost_order(root=root.left)\npost_order(root=root.right)\nres.append(root.val)\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.go<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(node *TreeNode) {\nif node == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\npreOrder(node.Left)\npreOrder(node.Right)\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(node *TreeNode) {\nif node == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(node.Left)\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\ninOrder(node.Right)\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(node *TreeNode) {\nif node == nil {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(node.Left)\npostOrder(node.Right)\nnums = append(nums, node.Val)\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.js<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root) {\nif (root === null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.push(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root) {\nif (root === null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.push(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root) {\nif (root === null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.push(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.ts<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.push(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.push(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\nif (root === null) {\nreturn;\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.push(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.c<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\nif (root == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\narr[(*size)++] = root-&gt;val;\npreOrder(root-&gt;left, size);\npreOrder(root-&gt;right, size);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\nif (root == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root-&gt;left, size);\narr[(*size)++] = root-&gt;val;\ninOrder(root-&gt;right, size);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\nif (root == NULL)\nreturn;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root-&gt;left, size);\npostOrder(root-&gt;right, size);\narr[(*size)++] = root-&gt;val;\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.cs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? root) {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.Add(root.val);\npreOrder(root.left);\npreOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode? root) {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root.left);\nlist.Add(root.val);\ninOrder(root.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode? root) {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root.left);\npostOrder(root.right);\nlist.Add(root.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.swift<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.append(root.val)\npreOrder(root: root.left)\npreOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(root: root.left)\nlist.append(root.val)\ninOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\nguard let root = root else {\nreturn\n}\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(root: root.left)\npostOrder(root: root.right)\nlist.append(root.val)\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.zig<pre><code>// \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn preOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ntry list.append(root.?.val);\ntry preOrder(T, root.?.left);\ntry preOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn inOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ntry inOrder(T, root.?.left);\ntry list.append(root.?.val);\ntry inOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn postOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\nif (root == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\ntry postOrder(T, root.?.left);\ntry postOrder(T, root.?.right);\ntry list.append(root.?.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.dart<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? node) {\nif (node == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nlist.add(node.val);\npreOrder(node.left);\npreOrder(node.right);\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode? node) {\nif (node == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\ninOrder(node.left);\nlist.add(node.val);\ninOrder(node.right);\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode? node) {\nif (node == null) return;\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u8282\u70b9\npostOrder(node.left);\npostOrder(node.right);\nlist.add(node.val);\n}\n</code></pre> binary_tree_dfs.rs<pre><code>/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn pre_order(root: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut result = vec![];\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u7ed3\u70b9 -&gt; \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nresult.push(node.borrow().val);\nresult.append(&amp;mut pre_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\nresult.append(&amp;mut pre_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n}\nresult\n}\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn in_order(root: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut result = vec![];\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u7ed3\u70b9 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\nresult.append(&amp;mut in_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\nresult.push(node.borrow().val);\nresult.append(&amp;mut in_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n}\nresult\n}\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn post_order(root: Option&lt;&amp;Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;TreeNode&gt;&gt;&gt;) -&gt; Vec&lt;i32&gt; {\nlet mut result = vec![];\nif let Some(node) = root {\n// \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -&gt; \u6839\u7ed3\u70b9\nresult.append(&amp;mut post_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\nresult.append(&amp;mut post_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\nresult.push(node.borrow().val);\n}\nresult\n}\n</code></pre> <p>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002</p> <p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002</p> <p>Note</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002</p> <p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u9012\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9006\u5411\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a</p> <ol> <li>\u201c\u9012\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002</li> </ol> &lt;1&gt;&lt;2&gt;&lt;3&gt;&lt;4&gt;&lt;5&gt;&lt;6&gt;&lt;7&gt;&lt;8&gt;&lt;9&gt;&lt;10&gt;&lt;11&gt; <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p> \u56fe\uff1a\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b </p>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/","title":"7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"<ul> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002</li> <li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u6811\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c42\u3001\u5ea6\u3001\u8fb9\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002</li> <li>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u9000\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u72b6\u6001\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6309\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6307\u9488\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u201d\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7686\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u5934\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002</li> <li>\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002</li> <li>AVL \u6811\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6811\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002</li> <li>AVL \u6811\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u518d\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u518d\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4f1a\u4ece\u5e95\u5411\u9876\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002</li> </ul>"},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/#761-q-a","title":"7.6.1 \u00a0 Q &amp; A","text":"<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(0\\) \u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u8fc7\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002</p> <p>\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u62ff\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002</p> <p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 DFS \u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6709\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u4e09\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>DFS \u7684\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u662f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ed3\u70b9\u5927\u5c0f\u6ee1\u8db3 <code>\u5de6\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c &lt; \u6839\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c &lt; \u53f3\u5b50\u7ed3\u70b9\u503c</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u6309\u7167 <code>\u5de6-&gt;\u6839-&gt;\u53f3</code> \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u904d\u5386\u6811\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002</p> <p>\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 <code>node</code> , <code>child</code> , <code>grand_child</code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3 <code>node</code> \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u548c <code>node</code> \u539f\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5417\uff1f\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u65ad\u6389\u4e86\uff1f</p> <p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c <code>right_rotate(root)</code> \u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8 <code>return child</code> \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u3002</p> <p>\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u5230 <code>private</code> \u548c <code>public</code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8003\u91cf\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06 <code>height()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u548c <code>updateHeight()</code> \u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u653e\u5728 <code>public</code> \u548c <code>private</code> \u4e2d\u5462\uff1f</p> <p>\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a <code>private</code> \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5355\u72ec\u8c03\u7528 <code>updateHeight()</code> \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u800c <code>height()</code> \u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e <code>vector.size()</code> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 <code>public</code> \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002</p> <p>\u8bf7\u95ee\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff1f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 <code>build_tree()</code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u3002</p> <p>\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528 <code>equals()</code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f</p> <p>\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c<code>==</code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a</p> <ul> <li><code>==</code> \uff1a\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002</li> <li><code>equals()</code>\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002</li> </ul> <p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528 <code>equals()</code> \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 <code>String a = \"hi\"; String b = \"hi\";</code> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u6c60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <code>a == b</code> \u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002</p> <p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u662f \\(2^h\\) \u5417\uff1f</p> <p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h = 2\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(n = 7\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(4 = 2^h = (n + 1) / 2\\) \u3002</p>"}]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sitemap.xml.gz b/sitemap.xml.gz
index 328347d57b443791886b62756a3c72fd3ef0ef16..faa7b2cf3e18cd32720a4de60864238ecb15a565 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 15
WcmX@kew>|6zMF%Cv0x+HL1q9W?F2~x

delta 15
WcmX@kew>|6zMF%C!EhtnL1q9VtON-F