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krahets
2024-01-07 23:43:01 +08:00
parent 547093210e
commit ca63e0e7f7
55 changed files with 651 additions and 290 deletions

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@@ -4737,8 +4737,8 @@
</div>
<details class="pythontutor">
<summary>可视化运行</summary>
<p><iframe width="800" height="600" frameborder="0" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23%20%E8%AF%B7%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%8CPython%20%E7%9A%84%20list%20%E6%98%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%23%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%B0%86%20list%20%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0Adef%20extend%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20enlarge%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20list%5Bint%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B0%5D%20*%20%28len%28nums%29%20%2B%20enlarge%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%86%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%88%B0%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20nums%5Bi%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20extend%28nums,%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%B0%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%87%B3%208%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29&codeDivHeight=370&codeDivWidth=300&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe>
<a href=https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23%20%E8%AF%B7%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%8CPython%20%E7%9A%84%20list%20%E6%98%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%23%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%B0%86%20list%20%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0Adef%20extend%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20enlarge%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20list%5Bint%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B0%5D%20*%20%28len%28nums%29%20%2B%20enlarge%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%86%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%88%B0%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20nums%5Bi%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20extend%28nums,%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%B0%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%87%B3%208%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 &gt;</a></p>
<p><iframe width="800" height="600" frameborder="0" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23%20%E8%AF%B7%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%8CPython%20%E7%9A%84%20list%20%E6%98%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%23%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%B0%86%20list%20%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0Adef%20extend%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20enlarge%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20list%5Bint%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B0%5D%20*%20%28len%28nums%29%20%2B%20enlarge%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%86%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%88%B0%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20nums%5Bi%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20extend%28nums,%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%B0%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%87%B3%208%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29&codeDivHeight=370&codeDivWidth=300&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe>
<a href=https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23%20%E8%AF%B7%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%EF%BC%8CPython%20%E7%9A%84%20list%20%E6%98%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%23%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BA%86%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%B0%86%20list%20%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%9C%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0Adef%20extend%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20enlarge%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20list%5Bint%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B0%5D%20*%20%28len%28nums%29%20%2B%20enlarge%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%86%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%88%B0%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20nums%5Bi%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20extend%28nums,%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%B0%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%87%B3%208%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 &gt;</a></p>
</details>
<h2 id="412">4.1.2 &nbsp; 数组的优点与局限性<a class="headerlink" href="#412" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>数组存储在连续的内存空间内,且元素类型相同。这种做法包含丰富的先验信息,系统可以利用这些信息来优化数据结构的操作效率。</p>