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2023-10-18 02:16:55 +08:00
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261
docs/chapter_graph/graph_operations.md
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@@ -946,143 +946,133 @@ comments: true
```c title="graph_adjacency_matrix.c"
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类结构 */
struct graphAdjMat {
int *vertices; // 顶点列表
unsigned int **adjMat; // 邻接矩阵，元素代表“边”，索引代表“顶点索引”
unsigned int size; // 顶点数量
unsigned int capacity; // 图容量
};
typedef struct graphAdjMat graphAdjMat;
typedef struct {
int *vertices; // 顶点列表
int **adjMat; // 邻接矩阵，元素代表“边”，索引代表“顶点索引”
int size; // 顶点数量
int capacity; // 图容量
} GraphAdjMat;
/* 添加边 */
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
void addEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {
void addEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= t->size || j >= t->size || i == j) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
// 添加边
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
t->adjMat[i][j] = 1;
t->adjMat[j][i] = 1;
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 1;
graph->adjMat[j][i] = 1;
}
/* 删除边 */
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
void removeEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {
void removeEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= t->size || j >= t->size || i == j) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
// 删除边
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
t->adjMat[i][j] = 0;
t->adjMat[j][i] = 0;
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;
graph->adjMat[j][i] = 0;
}
/* 添加顶点 */
void addVertex(graphAdjMat *t, int val) {
void addVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int val) {
// 如果实际使用不大于预设空间，则直接初始化新空间
if (t->size < t->capacity) {
t->vertices[t->size] = val; // 初始化新顶点值
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
t->adjMat[i][t->size] = 0; // 邻接矩新列阵置0
if (graph->size < graph->capacity) {
graph->vertices[graph->size] = val; // 初始化新顶点值
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
graph->adjMat[i][graph->size] = 0; // 邻接矩新列阵置0
}
memset(t->adjMat[t->size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
t->size++;
memset(graph->adjMat[graph->size], 0, sizeof(int) * (graph->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
graph->size++;
return;
}
// 扩容，申请新的顶点数组
int *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (t->size * 2));
memcpy(temp, t->vertices, sizeof(int) * t->size);
temp[t->size] = val;
int *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (graph->size * 2));
memcpy(temp, graph->vertices, sizeof(int) * graph->size);
temp[graph->size] = val;
// 释放原数组
free(t->vertices);
t->vertices = temp;
free(graph->vertices);
graph->vertices = temp;
// 扩容，申请新的二维数组
unsigned int **tempMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * t->size * 2);
unsigned int *tempMatLine = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size * 2) * (t->size * 2));
memset(tempMatLine, 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size * 2) * (t->size * 2));
for (int k = 0; k < t->size * 2; k++) {
tempMat[k] = tempMatLine + k * (t->size * 2);
int **tempMat = (int **)malloc(sizeof(int *) * graph->size * 2);
int *tempMatLine = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (graph->size * 2) * (graph->size * 2));
memset(tempMatLine, 0, sizeof(int) * (graph->size * 2) * (graph->size * 2));
for (int k = 0; k < graph->size * 2; k++) {
tempMat[k] = tempMatLine + k * (graph->size * 2);
}
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
memcpy(tempMat[i], t->adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * t->size); // 原数据复制到新数组
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
memcpy(tempMat[i], graph->adjMat[i], sizeof(int) * graph->size); // 原数据复制到新数组
}
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
tempMat[i][t->size] = 0; // 将新增列置 0
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
tempMat[i][graph->size] = 0; // 将新增列置 0
}
memset(tempMat[t->size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
memset(tempMat[graph->size], 0, sizeof(int) * (graph->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
// 释放原数组
free(t->adjMat[0]);
free(t->adjMat);
free(graph->adjMat[0]);
free(graph->adjMat);
// 扩容后，指向新地址
t->adjMat = tempMat; // 指向新的邻接矩阵地址
t->capacity = t->size * 2;
t->size++;
graph->adjMat = tempMat; // 指向新的邻接矩阵地址
graph->capacity = graph->size * 2;
graph->size++;
}
/* 删除顶点 */
void removeVertex(graphAdjMat *t, unsigned int index) {
void removeVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int index) {
// 越界检查
if (index < 0 || index >= t->size) {
if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
for (int i = index; i < t->size - 1; i++) {
t->vertices[i] = t->vertices[i + 1]; // 清除删除的顶点，并将其后所有顶点前移
for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1]; // 清除删除的顶点，并将其后所有顶点前移
}
t->vertices[t->size - 1] = 0; // 将被前移的最后一个顶点置 0
graph->vertices[graph->size - 1] = 0; // 将被前移的最后一个顶点置 0
// 清除邻接矩阵中删除的列
for (int i = 0; i < t->size - 1; i++) {
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
if (i < index) {
for (int j = index; j < t->size - 1; j++) {
t->adjMat[i][j] = t->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
for (int j = index; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {
graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
}
} else {
memcpy(t->adjMat[i], t->adjMat[i + 1], sizeof(unsigned int) * t->size); // 被删除行的下方所有行上移
for (int j = index; j < t->size; j++) {
t->adjMat[i][j] = t->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
memcpy(graph->adjMat[i], graph->adjMat[i + 1], sizeof(int) * graph->size); // 被删除行的下方所有行上移
for (int j = index; j < graph->size; j++) {
graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
}
}
}
t->size--;
graph->size--;
}
/* 打印顶点与邻接矩阵 */
void printGraph(graphAdjMat *t) {
if (t->size == 0) {
void printGraph(GraphAdjMat *graph) {
if (graph->size == 0) {
printf("graph is empty\n");
return;
}
printf("顶点列表 = [");
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
if (i != t->size - 1) {
printf("%d, ", t->vertices[i]);
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
if (i != graph->size - 1) {
printf("%d, ", graph->vertices[i]);
} else {
printf("%d", t->vertices[i]);
printf("%d", graph->vertices[i]);
}
}
printf("]\n");
printf("邻接矩阵 =\n[\n");
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
printf(" [");
for (int j = 0; j < t->size; j++) {
if (j != t->size - 1) {
printf("%u, ", t->adjMat[i][j]);
for (int j = 0; j < graph->size; j++) {
if (j != graph->size - 1) {
printf("%u, ", graph->adjMat[i][j]);
} else {
printf("%u", t->adjMat[i][j]);
printf("%u", graph->adjMat[i][j]);
}
}
printf("],\n");
@@ -1091,26 +1081,24 @@ comments: true
}
/* 构造函数 */
graphAdjMat *newGraphAjdMat(unsigned int numberVertices, int *vertices, unsigned int **adjMat) {
GraphAdjMat *newGraphAjdMat(int numberVertices, int *vertices, int **adjMat) {
// 申请内存
graphAdjMat *newGraph = (graphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjMat)); // 为图分配内存
newGraph->vertices = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2); // 为顶点列表分配内存
newGraph->adjMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配二维内存
unsigned int *temp = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices * 2 * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配一维内存
newGraph->size = numberVertices; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = numberVertices * 2; // 初始化图容量
GraphAdjMat *newGraph = (GraphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjMat)); // 为图分配内存
newGraph->vertices = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2); // 为顶点列表分配内存
newGraph->adjMat = (int **)malloc(sizeof(int *) * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配二维内存
int *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2 * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配一维内存
newGraph->size = numberVertices; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = numberVertices * 2; // 初始化图容量
// 配置二维数组
for (int i = 0; i < numberVertices * 2; i++) {
newGraph->adjMat[i] = temp + i * numberVertices * 2; // 将二维指针指向一维数组
}
// 赋值
memcpy(newGraph->vertices, vertices, sizeof(int) * numberVertices);
for (int i = 0; i < numberVertices; i++) {
memcpy(newGraph->adjMat[i], adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices); // 将传入的邻接矩阵赋值给结构体内邻接矩阵
memcpy(newGraph->adjMat[i], adjMat[i],
sizeof(int) * numberVertices); // 将传入的邻接矩阵赋值给结构体内邻接矩阵
}
// 返回结构体指针
return newGraph;
}
@@ -1979,105 +1967,96 @@ comments: true
```c title="graph_adjacency_list.c"
/* 基于邻接链表实现的无向图类结构 */
struct graphAdjList {
Vertex **verticesList; // 邻接表
typedef struct {
Vertex **vertices; // 邻接表
unsigned int size; // 顶点数量
unsigned int capacity; // 顶点容量
};
typedef struct graphAdjList graphAdjList;
} GraphAdjList;
/* 添加边 */
void addEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {
void addEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= t->size || j >= t->size) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return;
}
// 查找欲添加边的顶点 vet1 - vet2
Vertex *vet1 = t->verticesList[i];
Vertex *vet2 = t->verticesList[j];
Vertex *vet1 = graph->vertices[i];
Vertex *vet2 = graph->vertices[j];
// 连接顶点 vet1 - vet2
pushBack(vet1->linked, vet2);
pushBack(vet2->linked, vet1);
pushBack(vet1->list, vet2);
pushBack(vet2->list, vet1);
}
/* 删除边 */
void removeEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {
void removeEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= t->size || j >= t->size) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return;
}
// 查找欲删除边的顶点 vet1 - vet2
Vertex *vet1 = t->verticesList[i];
Vertex *vet2 = t->verticesList[j];
Vertex *vet1 = graph->vertices[i];
Vertex *vet2 = graph->vertices[j];
// 移除待删除边 vet1 - vet2
removeLink(vet1->linked, vet2);
removeLink(vet2->linked, vet1);
removeLink(vet1->list, vet2);
removeLink(vet2->list, vet1);
}
/* 添加顶点 */
void addVertex(graphAdjList *t, int val) {
void addVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, int val) {
// 若大小超过容量，则扩容
if (t->size >= t->capacity) {
Vertex **tempList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * 2 * t->capacity);
memcpy(tempList, t->verticesList, sizeof(Vertex *) * t->size);
free(t->verticesList); // 释放原邻接表内存
t->verticesList = tempList; // 指向新邻接表
t->capacity = t->capacity * 2; // 容量扩大至2倍
if (graph->size >= graph->capacity) {
Vertex **tempList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * 2 * graph->capacity);
memcpy(tempList, graph->vertices, sizeof(Vertex *) * graph->size);
free(graph->vertices); // 释放原邻接表内存
graph->vertices = tempList; // 指向新邻接表
graph->capacity = graph->capacity * 2; // 容量扩大至2倍
}
// 申请新顶点内存并将新顶点地址存入顶点列表
Vertex *newV = newVertex(val); // 建立新顶点
newV->pos = t->size; // 为新顶点标记下标
newV->linked = newLinklist(newV); // 为新顶点建立链表
t->verticesList[t->size] = newV; // 将新顶点加入邻接表
t->size++;
Vertex *newV = newVertex(val); // 建立新顶点
newV->pos = graph->size; // 为新顶点标记下标
newV->list = newLinklist(newV); // 为新顶点建立链表
graph->vertices[graph->size] = newV; // 将新顶点加入邻接表
graph->size++;
}
/* 删除顶点 */
void removeVertex(graphAdjList *t, unsigned int index) {
void removeVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, unsigned int index) {
// 越界检查
if (index < 0 || index >= t->size) {
if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
Vertex *vet = t->verticesList[index]; // 查找待删节点
Vertex *vet = graph->vertices[index]; // 查找待删节点
if (vet == 0) { // 若不存在该节点，则返回
printf("index is:%d\n", index);
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return;
}
// 遍历待删除顶点的链表，将所有与待删除结点有关的边删除
Node *temp = vet->linked->head->next;
Node *temp = vet->list->head->next;
while (temp != 0) {
removeLink(temp->val->linked, vet); // 删除与该顶点有关的边
removeLink(temp->val->list, vet); // 删除与该顶点有关的边
temp = temp->next;
}
// 将顶点前移
for (int i = index; i < t->size - 1; i++) {
t->verticesList[i] = t->verticesList[i + 1]; // 顶点前移
t->verticesList[i]->pos--; // 所有前移的顶点索引值减1
for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1]; // 顶点前移
graph->vertices[i]->pos--; // 所有前移的顶点索引值减1
}
t->verticesList[t->size - 1] = 0; // 将被删除顶点的位置置 0
t->size--;
graph->vertices[graph->size - 1] = 0; // 将被删除顶点的位置置 0
graph->size--;
// 释放内存
freeVertex(vet);
}
/* 打印顶点与邻接矩阵 */
void printGraph(graphAdjList *t) {
void printGraph(GraphAdjList *graph) {
printf("邻接表 =\n");
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
Node *n = t->verticesList[i]->linked->head->next;
printf("%d: [", t->verticesList[i]->val);
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
Node *n = graph->vertices[i]->list->head->next;
printf("%d: [", graph->vertices[i]->val);
while (n != 0) {
if (n->next != 0) {
printf("%d, ", n->val->val);
@@ -2091,14 +2070,14 @@ comments: true
}
/* 构造函数 */
graphAdjList *newGraphAdjList(unsigned int verticesCapacity) {
GraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList(unsigned int verticesCapacity) {
// 申请内存
graphAdjList *newGraph = (graphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjList));
GraphAdjList *newGraph = (GraphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjList));
// 建立顶点表并分配内存
newGraph->verticesList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 为顶点列表分配内存
memset(newGraph->verticesList, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 顶点列表置 0
newGraph->size = 0; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = verticesCapacity; // 初始化顶点容量
newGraph->vertices = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 为顶点列表分配内存
memset(newGraph->vertices, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 顶点列表置 0
newGraph->size = 0; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = verticesCapacity; // 初始化顶点容量
// 返回图指针
return newGraph;
}

16
docs/chapter_graph/graph_traversal.md
View File

@@ -344,21 +344,21 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
```c title="graph_bfs.c"
/* 广度优先遍历 */
// 使用邻接表来表示图，以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
Vertex **graphBFS(graphAdjList *t, Vertex *startVet) {
Vertex **graphBFS(GraphAdjList *t, Vertex *startVet) {
// 顶点遍历序列
Vertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * t->size);
memset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * t->size);
// 队列用于实现 BFS
queue *que = newQueue(t->size);
Queue *que = newQueue(t->size);
// 哈希表，用于记录已被访问过的顶点
hashTable *visited = newHash(t->size);
HashTable *visited = newHash(t->size);
int resIndex = 0;
queuePush(que, startVet); // 将第一个元素入队
hashMark(visited, startVet->pos); // 标记第一个入队的顶点
// 以顶点 vet 为起点，循环直至访问完所有顶点
while (que->head < que->tail) {
// 遍历该顶点的边链表，将所有与该顶点有连接的，并且未被标记的顶点入队
Node *n = queueTop(que)->linked->head->next;
Node *n = queueTop(que)->list->head->next;
while (n != 0) {
// 查询哈希表，若该索引的顶点已入队，则跳过，否则入队并标记
if (hashQuery(visited, n->val->pos) == 1) {
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
```c title="graph_dfs.c"
/* 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 */
int resIndex = 0;
void dfs(graphAdjList *graph, hashTable *visited, Vertex *vet, Vertex **res) {
void dfs(GraphAdjList *graph, HashTable *visited, Vertex *vet, Vertex **res) {
if (hashQuery(visited, vet->pos) == 1) {
return; // 跳过已被访问过的顶点
}
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
res[resIndex] = vet; // 将顶点存入数组
resIndex++;
// 遍历该顶点链表
Node *n = vet->linked->head->next;
Node *n = vet->list->head->next;
while (n != 0) {
// 递归访问邻接顶点
dfs(graph, visited, n->val, res);
@@ -770,12 +770,12 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
/* 深度优先遍历 DFS */
// 使用邻接表来表示图，以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
Vertex **graphDFS(graphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet) {
Vertex **graphDFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet) {
// 顶点遍历序列
Vertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * graph->size);
memset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * graph->size);
// 哈希表，用于记录已被访问过的顶点
hashTable *visited = newHash(graph->size);
HashTable *visited = newHash(graph->size);
dfs(graph, visited, startVet, res);
// 释放哈希表内存并将数组索引归零
freeHash(visited);