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feat: add ruby code - chapter stack and queue (#1230)
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106
codes/ruby/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.rb
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106
codes/ruby/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.rb
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=begin
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File: array_queue.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-05
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 基于环形数组实现的队列 ###
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class ArrayQueue
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### 获取队列的长度 ###
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attr_reader :size
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### 构造方法 ###
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def initialize(size)
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@nums = Array.new(size, 0) # 用于存储队列元素的数组
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@front = 0 # 队首指针,指向队首元素
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@size = 0 # 队列长度
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end
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### 获取队列的容量 ###
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def capacity
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@nums.length
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end
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### 判断队列是否为空 ###
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def is_empty?
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size.zero?
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end
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### 入队 ###
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def push(num)
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raise IndexError, '队列已满' if size == capacity
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# 计算队尾指针,指向队尾索引 + 1
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# 通过取余操作实现 rear 越过数组尾部后回到头部
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rear = (@front + size) % capacity
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# 将 num 添加至队尾
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@nums[rear] = num
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@size += 1
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end
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### 出队 ###
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def pop
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num = peek
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# 队首指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部,则返回到数组头部
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@front = (@front + 1) % capacity
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@size -= 1
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num
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end
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### 访问队首元素 ###
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def peek
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raise IndexError, '队列为空' if is_empty?
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@nums[@front]
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end
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### 返回列表用于打印 ###
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def to_array
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res = Array.new(size, 0)
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j = @front
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for i in 0...size
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res[i] = @nums[j % capacity]
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j += 1
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end
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res
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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# 初始化队列
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queue = ArrayQueue.new(10)
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# 元素入队
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queue.push(1)
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queue.push(3)
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queue.push(2)
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queue.push(5)
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queue.push(4)
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puts "队列 queue = #{queue.to_array}"
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# 访问队首元素
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peek = queue.peek
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puts "队首元素 peek = #{peek}"
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# 元素出队
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pop = queue.pop
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puts "出队元素 pop = #{pop}"
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puts "出队后 queue = #{queue.to_array}"
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# 获取队列的长度
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size = queue.size
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puts "队列长度 size = #{size}"
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# 判断队列是否为空
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is_empty = queue.is_empty?
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puts "队列是否为空 = #{is_empty}"
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# 测试环形数组
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for i in 0...10
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queue.push(i)
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queue.pop
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puts "第 #{i} 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = #{queue.to_array}"
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end
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