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feat: Revised the book (#978)
* Sync recent changes to the revised Word. * Revised the preface chapter * Revised the introduction chapter * Revised the computation complexity chapter * Revised the chapter data structure * Revised the chapter array and linked list * Revised the chapter stack and queue * Revised the chapter hashing * Revised the chapter tree * Revised the chapter heap * Revised the chapter graph * Revised the chapter searching * Reivised the sorting chapter * Revised the divide and conquer chapter * Revised the chapter backtacking * Revised the DP chapter * Revised the greedy chapter * Revised the appendix chapter * Revised the preface chapter doubly * Revised the figures
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func bucketSort(nums: inout [Double]) {
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var buckets = (0 ..< k).map { _ in [Double]() }
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// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
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for num in nums {
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// 输入数据范围 [0, 1),使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
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// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1),使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
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let i = Int(num * Double(k))
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// 将 num 添加进桶 i
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buckets[i].append(num)
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@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func heapSort(nums: inout [Int]) {
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}
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// 从堆中提取最大元素,循环 n-1 轮
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for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素)
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nums.swapAt(0, i)
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// 以根节点为起点,从顶至底进行堆化
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siftDown(nums: &nums, n: i, i: 0)
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func swap(nums: inout [Int], i: Int, j: Int) {
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/* 快速排序类 */
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/* 哨兵划分 */
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func partition(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {
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// 以 nums[left] 作为基准数
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// 以 nums[left] 为基准数
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var i = left
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var j = right
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while i < j {
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@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func quickSortTailCall(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {
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while left < right {
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// 哨兵划分操作
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let pivot = partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)
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// 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排
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// 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快速排序
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if (pivot - left) < (right - pivot) {
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quickSortTailCall(nums: &nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1) // 递归排序左子数组
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left = pivot + 1 // 剩余未排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func digit(num: Int, exp: Int) -> Int {
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/* 计数排序(根据 nums 第 k 位排序) */
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func countingSortDigit(nums: inout [Int], exp: Int) {
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// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ,因此需要长度为 10 的桶
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// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ,因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组
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var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10)
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let n = nums.count
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// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数
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