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@@ -256,6 +256,12 @@ comments: true
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map.remove(10583);
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="hash_map.rs"
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```
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哈希表有三种常用遍历方式:遍历键值对、遍历键和遍历值。
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=== "Java"
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@@ -431,6 +437,12 @@ comments: true
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});
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="hash_map.rs"
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```
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## 6.1.2. 哈希表简单实现
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我们先考虑最简单的情况,**仅用一个数组来实现哈希表**。在哈希表中,我们将数组中的每个空位称为「桶 Bucket」,每个桶可存储一个键值对。因此,查询操作就是找到 `key` 对应的桶,并在桶中获取 `value` 。
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@@ -1403,6 +1415,77 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
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}
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```
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=== "Rust"
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```rust title="array_hash_map.rs"
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/* 键值对 */
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pub struct Pair {
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pub key: i32,
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pub val: String,
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}
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/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
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pub struct ArrayHashMap {
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buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>
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}
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impl ArrayHashMap {
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pub fn new() -> ArrayHashMap {
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// 初始化数组,包含 100 个桶
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Self { buckets: vec![None; 100] }
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {
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key as usize % 100
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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pub fn get(&self, key: i32) -> Option<&String> {
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let index = self.hash_func(key);
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self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val)
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}
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/* 添加操作 */
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pub fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: &str) {
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let index = self.hash_func(key);
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self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair {
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key,
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val: val.to_string(),
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});
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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pub fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {
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let index = self.hash_func(key);
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// 置为 None ,代表删除
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self.buckets[index] = None;
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}
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/* 获取所有键值对 */
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pub fn entry_set(&self) -> Vec<&Pair> {
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self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref()).collect()
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}
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/* 获取所有键 */
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pub fn key_set(&self) -> Vec<&i32> {
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self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.key)).collect()
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}
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/* 获取所有值 */
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pub fn value_set(&self) -> Vec<&String> {
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self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val)).collect()
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}
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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pub fn print(&self) {
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for pair in self.entry_set() {
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println!("{} -> {}", pair.key, pair.val);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## 6.1.3. 哈希冲突与扩容
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本质上看,哈希函数的作用是将所有 `key` 构成的输入空间映射到数组所有索引构成的输出空间,而输入空间往往远大于输出空间。因此,**理论上一定存在“多个输入对应相同输出”的情况**。
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