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Chapter 0. Preface
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Chapter 2. Complexity Analysis
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2.1 Algorithm Efficiency Evaluation
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|
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|
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2.2 Iteration and Recursion
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|
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2.3 Time Complexity
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|
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|
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|
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2.4 Space Complexity
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4.4 Memory and Cache *
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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|
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|
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Chapter 6. Hashing
|
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|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 Hash Table
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 Hash Collision
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 Hash Algorithm
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
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Chapter 7. Tree
|
||
|
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|
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|
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Chapter 7. Tree
|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Binary Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 Binary Tree Traversal
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 Array Representation of Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 Binary Search Tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 AVL Tree *
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.6 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
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||
|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
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||
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 8. Heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Chapter 8. Heap
|
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|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.1 Heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.2 Building a Heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.3 Top-K Problem
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
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|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59zM6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43s.83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53zM12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68s1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25zm2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24z"/></svg>
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
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|
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Chapter 9. Graph
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</span>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Chapter 9. Graph
|
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|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.1 Graph
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.2 Basic Operations on Graphs
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.3 Graph Traversal
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4zM3 16v-2h6v2zm0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.1 Binary Search
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.2 Binary Search Insertion
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.3 Binary Search Edge Cases
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.4 Hash Optimization Strategy
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.5 Search Algorithms Revisited
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.6 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.1 Sorting Algorithms
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.2 Selection Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.3 Bubble Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.4 Insertion Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.5 Quick Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.6 Merge Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.7 Heap Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.8 Bucket Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.9 Counting Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.10 Radix Sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.11 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7zM2 9v6h5V9zm10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3zm5 2v2h5v-2zm0 4v2h5v-2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 12. Divide and Conquer
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 12. Divide and Conquer
|
||
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.1 Divide and Conquer Algorithms
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.2 Divide and Conquer Search Strategy
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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12.3 Building a Binary Tree Problem
|
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|
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</span>
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</a>
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|
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|
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12.4 Hanoi Tower Problem
|
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|
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</span>
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</a>
|
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|
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|
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12.5 Summary
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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13.1 Backtracking Algorithm
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13.2 Permutations Problem
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13.3 Subset-Sum Problem
|
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13.4 N-Queens Problem
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13.5 Summary
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</span>
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Chapter 14. Dynamic Programming
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14.1 Introduction to Dynamic Programming
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</a>
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14.2 Characteristics of Dynamic Programming Problems
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|
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14.3 Dynamic Programming Problem-Solving Approach
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|
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14.4 0-1 Knapsack Problem
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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14.5 Unbounded Knapsack Problem
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|
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|
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</a>
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14.6 Edit Distance Problem
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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14.7 Summary
|
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|
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|
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|
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</span>
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|
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|
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Chapter 15. Greedy
|
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15.1 Greedy Algorithm
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|
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|
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</a>
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15.2 Fractional Knapsack Problem
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15.3 Maximum Capacity Problem
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</a>
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15.4 Maximum Product Cutting Problem
|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
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</span>
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</a>
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<h1 id="51-stack">5.1 Stack<a class="headerlink" href="#51-stack" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>A <u>stack</u> is a linear data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) logic.</p>
|
||
<p>We can compare a stack to a pile of plates on a table. If we specify that only one plate can be moved at a time, then to get the bottom plate, we must first remove the plates above it one by one. If we replace the plates with various types of elements (such as integers, characters, objects, etc.), we get the stack data structure.</p>
|
||
<p>As shown in Figure 5-1, we call the top of the stacked elements the "top" and the bottom the "base." The operation of adding an element to the top is called "push," and the operation of removing the top element is called "pop."</p>
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/stack_operations.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="LIFO rule of stack" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/stack_operations.png" /></a></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 5-1 LIFO rule of stack </p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="511-common-stack-operations">5.1.1 Common Stack Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#511-common-stack-operations" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The common operations on a stack are shown in Table 5-1. The specific method names depend on the programming language used. Here, we use the common naming convention of <code>push()</code>, <code>pop()</code>, and <code>peek()</code>.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Table 5-1 Efficiency of Stack Operations </p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="center-table">
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>Method</th>
|
||
<th>Description</th>
|
||
<th>Time Complexity</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>push()</code></td>
|
||
<td>Push element onto stack (add to top)</td>
|
||
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>pop()</code></td>
|
||
<td>Pop top element from stack</td>
|
||
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>peek()</code></td>
|
||
<td>Access top element</td>
|
||
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Typically, we can directly use the built-in stack class provided by the programming language. However, some languages may not provide a dedicated stack class. In these cases, we can use the language's "array" or "linked list" as a stack and ignore operations unrelated to the stack in the program logic.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
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<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="c1"># Python does not have a built-in stack class, can use list as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="c1"># Push elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="c1"># Access top element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="c1"># Pop element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="c1"># Get stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="c1"># Check if empty</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// No return value</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack_test.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// In Go, it is recommended to use Slice as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// Swift does not have a built-in stack class, can use Array as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">last</span><span class="p">!</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">removeLast</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript does not have a built-in stack class, can use Array as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript does not have a built-in stack class, can use Array as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="c1">// Dart does not have a built-in stack class, can use List as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="c1">// Use Vec as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="c1">// C does not provide a built-in stack</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="c1"># Ruby does not have a built-in stack class, can use Array as a stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="c1"># Push elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="c1"># Access top element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">last</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="c1"># Pop element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="c1"># Get stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a><span class="c1"># Check if empty</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Code Visualization</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%A0%88%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Python%20%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%86%85%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%88%E7%B1%BB%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%8A%8A%20list%20%E5%BD%93%E4%BD%9C%E6%A0%88%E6%9D%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%0A%20%20%20%20stack%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%85%A5%E6%A0%88%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%20stack%20%3D%22,%20stack%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%A0%88%E9%A1%B6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20peek%20%3D%20stack%5B-1%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%E9%A1%B6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20peek%20%3D%22,%20peek%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%87%BA%E6%A0%88%0A%20%20%20%20pop%20%3D%20stack.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%87%BA%E6%A0%88%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20pop%20%3D%22,%20pop%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%87%BA%E6%A0%88%E5%90%8E%20stack%20%3D%22,%20stack%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20len%28stack%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%20size%20%3D%22,%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20len%28stack%29%20%3D%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%20%3D%22,%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=2&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%A0%88%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Python%20%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%86%85%E7%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%88%E7%B1%BB%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%8A%8A%20list%20%E5%BD%93%E4%BD%9C%E6%A0%88%E6%9D%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%0A%20%20%20%20stack%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%85%A5%E6%A0%88%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20stack.append%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%20stack%20%3D%22,%20stack%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%A0%88%E9%A1%B6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20peek%20%3D%20stack%5B-1%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%E9%A1%B6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20peek%20%3D%22,%20peek%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%87%BA%E6%A0%88%0A%20%20%20%20pop%20%3D%20stack.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%87%BA%E6%A0%88%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20pop%20%3D%22,%20pop%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%87%BA%E6%A0%88%E5%90%8E%20stack%20%3D%22,%20stack%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20len%28stack%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%20size%20%3D%22,%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20len%28stack%29%20%3D%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%A0%88%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%20%3D%22,%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=2&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Full Screen ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<h2 id="512-stack-implementation">5.1.2 Stack Implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#512-stack-implementation" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>To gain a deeper understanding of how a stack operates, let's try implementing a stack class ourselves.</p>
|
||
<p>A stack follows the LIFO principle, so we can only add or remove elements at the top. However, both arrays and linked lists allow adding and removing elements at any position. <strong>Therefore, a stack can be viewed as a restricted array or linked list</strong>. In other words, we can "shield" some irrelevant operations of arrays or linked lists so that their external logic conforms to the characteristics of a stack.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="1-linked-list-implementation">1. Linked List Implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#1-linked-list-implementation" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>When implementing a stack using a linked list, we can treat the head node of the linked list as the top of the stack and the tail node as the base.</p>
|
||
<p>As shown in Figure 5-2, for the push operation, we simply insert an element at the head of the linked list. This node insertion method is called the "head insertion method." For the pop operation, we just need to remove the head node from the linked list.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">LinkedListStack</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">push()</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">pop()</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Push and pop operations in linked list implementation of stack" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step1.png" /></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step2_push.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="linkedlist_stack_push" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step2_push.png" /></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step3_pop.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="linkedlist_stack_pop" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step3_pop.png" /></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 5-2 Push and pop operations in linked list implementation of stack </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Below is sample code for implementing a stack based on a linked list:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_13" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_3_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Stack based on linked list implementation"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Constructor"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Get the length of the stack"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Check if the stack is empty"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Push"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Pop"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-32" name="__codelineno-13-32" href="#__codelineno-13-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Access top of the stack element"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-33" name="__codelineno-13-33" href="#__codelineno-13-33"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-34" name="__codelineno-13-34" href="#__codelineno-13-34"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-35" name="__codelineno-13-35" href="#__codelineno-13-35"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-36" name="__codelineno-13-36" href="#__codelineno-13-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-37" name="__codelineno-13-37" href="#__codelineno-13-37"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-38" name="__codelineno-13-38" href="#__codelineno-13-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Convert to list for printing"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-39" name="__codelineno-13-39" href="#__codelineno-13-39"></a> <span class="n">arr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-40" name="__codelineno-13-40" href="#__codelineno-13-40"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-41" name="__codelineno-13-41" href="#__codelineno-13-41"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-42" name="__codelineno-13-42" href="#__codelineno-13-42"></a> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-43" name="__codelineno-13-43" href="#__codelineno-13-43"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-44" name="__codelineno-13-44" href="#__codelineno-13-44"></a> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-45" name="__codelineno-13-45" href="#__codelineno-13-45"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">arr</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse linked list to delete nodes and free memory</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freeMemoryLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16" href="#__codelineno-14-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17" href="#__codelineno-14-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-19" name="__codelineno-14-19" href="#__codelineno-14-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20" href="#__codelineno-14-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-21" name="__codelineno-14-21" href="#__codelineno-14-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-22" name="__codelineno-14-22" href="#__codelineno-14-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-23" name="__codelineno-14-23" href="#__codelineno-14-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-24" name="__codelineno-14-24" href="#__codelineno-14-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25" href="#__codelineno-14-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-26" name="__codelineno-14-26" href="#__codelineno-14-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-27" name="__codelineno-14-27" href="#__codelineno-14-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-28" name="__codelineno-14-28" href="#__codelineno-14-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-29" name="__codelineno-14-29" href="#__codelineno-14-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-30" name="__codelineno-14-30" href="#__codelineno-14-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-31" name="__codelineno-14-31" href="#__codelineno-14-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-32" name="__codelineno-14-32" href="#__codelineno-14-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-33" name="__codelineno-14-33" href="#__codelineno-14-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-34" name="__codelineno-14-34" href="#__codelineno-14-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-35" name="__codelineno-14-35" href="#__codelineno-14-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-36" name="__codelineno-14-36" href="#__codelineno-14-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-37" name="__codelineno-14-37" href="#__codelineno-14-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-38" name="__codelineno-14-38" href="#__codelineno-14-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-39" name="__codelineno-14-39" href="#__codelineno-14-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-40" name="__codelineno-14-40" href="#__codelineno-14-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-41" name="__codelineno-14-41" href="#__codelineno-14-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Free memory</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-42" name="__codelineno-14-42" href="#__codelineno-14-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-43" name="__codelineno-14-43" href="#__codelineno-14-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-44" name="__codelineno-14-44" href="#__codelineno-14-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-45" name="__codelineno-14-45" href="#__codelineno-14-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-46" name="__codelineno-14-46" href="#__codelineno-14-46"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-47" name="__codelineno-14-47" href="#__codelineno-14-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-48" name="__codelineno-14-48" href="#__codelineno-14-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-49" name="__codelineno-14-49" href="#__codelineno-14-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-50" name="__codelineno-14-50" href="#__codelineno-14-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-51" name="__codelineno-14-51" href="#__codelineno-14-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-52" name="__codelineno-14-52" href="#__codelineno-14-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-53" name="__codelineno-14-53" href="#__codelineno-14-53"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-54" name="__codelineno-14-54" href="#__codelineno-14-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-55" name="__codelineno-14-55" href="#__codelineno-14-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toVector</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-56" name="__codelineno-14-56" href="#__codelineno-14-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-57" name="__codelineno-14-57" href="#__codelineno-14-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-58" name="__codelineno-14-58" href="#__codelineno-14-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-59" name="__codelineno-14-59" href="#__codelineno-14-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-60" name="__codelineno-14-60" href="#__codelineno-14-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-61" name="__codelineno-14-61" href="#__codelineno-14-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-62" name="__codelineno-14-62" href="#__codelineno-14-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-63" name="__codelineno-14-63" href="#__codelineno-14-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-64" name="__codelineno-14-64" href="#__codelineno-14-64"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-24" name="__codelineno-15-24" href="#__codelineno-15-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-25" name="__codelineno-15-25" href="#__codelineno-15-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-26" name="__codelineno-15-26" href="#__codelineno-15-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-27" name="__codelineno-15-27" href="#__codelineno-15-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-28" name="__codelineno-15-28" href="#__codelineno-15-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-29" name="__codelineno-15-29" href="#__codelineno-15-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-30" name="__codelineno-15-30" href="#__codelineno-15-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-31" name="__codelineno-15-31" href="#__codelineno-15-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-32" name="__codelineno-15-32" href="#__codelineno-15-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-33" name="__codelineno-15-33" href="#__codelineno-15-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-34" name="__codelineno-15-34" href="#__codelineno-15-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-35" name="__codelineno-15-35" href="#__codelineno-15-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-36" name="__codelineno-15-36" href="#__codelineno-15-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-37" name="__codelineno-15-37" href="#__codelineno-15-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-38" name="__codelineno-15-38" href="#__codelineno-15-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-39" name="__codelineno-15-39" href="#__codelineno-15-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-40" name="__codelineno-15-40" href="#__codelineno-15-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-41" name="__codelineno-15-41" href="#__codelineno-15-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-42" name="__codelineno-15-42" href="#__codelineno-15-42"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-43" name="__codelineno-15-43" href="#__codelineno-15-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-44" name="__codelineno-15-44" href="#__codelineno-15-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-45" name="__codelineno-15-45" href="#__codelineno-15-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-46" name="__codelineno-15-46" href="#__codelineno-15-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-47" name="__codelineno-15-47" href="#__codelineno-15-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-48" name="__codelineno-15-48" href="#__codelineno-15-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-49" name="__codelineno-15-49" href="#__codelineno-15-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-50" name="__codelineno-15-50" href="#__codelineno-15-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-51" name="__codelineno-15-51" href="#__codelineno-15-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-52" name="__codelineno-15-52" href="#__codelineno-15-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-53" name="__codelineno-15-53" href="#__codelineno-15-53"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21" href="#__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22" href="#__codelineno-16-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23" href="#__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-24" name="__codelineno-16-24" href="#__codelineno-16-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-25" name="__codelineno-16-25" href="#__codelineno-16-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-26" name="__codelineno-16-26" href="#__codelineno-16-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27" href="#__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-28" name="__codelineno-16-28" href="#__codelineno-16-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-29" name="__codelineno-16-29" href="#__codelineno-16-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-30" name="__codelineno-16-30" href="#__codelineno-16-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-31" name="__codelineno-16-31" href="#__codelineno-16-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-32" name="__codelineno-16-32" href="#__codelineno-16-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-33" name="__codelineno-16-33" href="#__codelineno-16-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-34" name="__codelineno-16-34" href="#__codelineno-16-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-35" name="__codelineno-16-35" href="#__codelineno-16-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-36" name="__codelineno-16-36" href="#__codelineno-16-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-37" name="__codelineno-16-37" href="#__codelineno-16-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-38" name="__codelineno-16-38" href="#__codelineno-16-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-39" name="__codelineno-16-39" href="#__codelineno-16-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-40" name="__codelineno-16-40" href="#__codelineno-16-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Exception</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-41" name="__codelineno-16-41" href="#__codelineno-16-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-42" name="__codelineno-16-42" href="#__codelineno-16-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-43" name="__codelineno-16-43" href="#__codelineno-16-43"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-44" name="__codelineno-16-44" href="#__codelineno-16-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-45" name="__codelineno-16-45" href="#__codelineno-16-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ToArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-46" name="__codelineno-16-46" href="#__codelineno-16-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-47" name="__codelineno-16-47" href="#__codelineno-16-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-48" name="__codelineno-16-48" href="#__codelineno-16-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-49" name="__codelineno-16-49" href="#__codelineno-16-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-50" name="__codelineno-16-50" href="#__codelineno-16-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-51" name="__codelineno-16-51" href="#__codelineno-16-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-52" name="__codelineno-16-52" href="#__codelineno-16-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-53" name="__codelineno-16-53" href="#__codelineno-16-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-54" name="__codelineno-16-54" href="#__codelineno-16-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-55" name="__codelineno-16-55" href="#__codelineno-16-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-56" name="__codelineno-16-56" href="#__codelineno-16-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-57" name="__codelineno-16-57" href="#__codelineno-16-57"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use built-in package list to implement stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">List</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top of the stack element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newLinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(),</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-24" name="__codelineno-17-24" href="#__codelineno-17-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Back</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-25" name="__codelineno-17-25" href="#__codelineno-17-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-26" name="__codelineno-17-26" href="#__codelineno-17-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Value</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-27" name="__codelineno-17-27" href="#__codelineno-17-27"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-28" name="__codelineno-17-28" href="#__codelineno-17-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-29" name="__codelineno-17-29" href="#__codelineno-17-29"></a><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-30" name="__codelineno-17-30" href="#__codelineno-17-30"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-31" name="__codelineno-17-31" href="#__codelineno-17-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-32" name="__codelineno-17-32" href="#__codelineno-17-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-33" name="__codelineno-17-33" href="#__codelineno-17-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-34" name="__codelineno-17-34" href="#__codelineno-17-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Back</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-35" name="__codelineno-17-35" href="#__codelineno-17-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Value</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-36" name="__codelineno-17-36" href="#__codelineno-17-36"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-37" name="__codelineno-17-37" href="#__codelineno-17-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-38" name="__codelineno-17-38" href="#__codelineno-17-38"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-39" name="__codelineno-17-39" href="#__codelineno-17-39"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-40" name="__codelineno-17-40" href="#__codelineno-17-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-41" name="__codelineno-17-41" href="#__codelineno-17-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-42" name="__codelineno-17-42" href="#__codelineno-17-42"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-43" name="__codelineno-17-43" href="#__codelineno-17-43"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-44" name="__codelineno-17-44" href="#__codelineno-17-44"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-45" name="__codelineno-17-45" href="#__codelineno-17-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-46" name="__codelineno-17-46" href="#__codelineno-17-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-47" name="__codelineno-17-47" href="#__codelineno-17-47"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-48" name="__codelineno-17-48" href="#__codelineno-17-48"></a><span class="cm">/* Get List for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-49" name="__codelineno-17-49" href="#__codelineno-17-49"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toList</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">List</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-50" name="__codelineno-17-50" href="#__codelineno-17-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-51" name="__codelineno-17-51" href="#__codelineno-17-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_peek</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-24" name="__codelineno-18-24" href="#__codelineno-18-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-25" name="__codelineno-18-25" href="#__codelineno-18-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-26" name="__codelineno-18-26" href="#__codelineno-18-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-27" name="__codelineno-18-27" href="#__codelineno-18-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-28" name="__codelineno-18-28" href="#__codelineno-18-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-29" name="__codelineno-18-29" href="#__codelineno-18-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">@</span><span class="n">discardableResult</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-30" name="__codelineno-18-30" href="#__codelineno-18-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-31" name="__codelineno-18-31" href="#__codelineno-18-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-32" name="__codelineno-18-32" href="#__codelineno-18-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="p">?.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-33" name="__codelineno-18-33" href="#__codelineno-18-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-34" name="__codelineno-18-34" href="#__codelineno-18-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-35" name="__codelineno-18-35" href="#__codelineno-18-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-36" name="__codelineno-18-36" href="#__codelineno-18-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-37" name="__codelineno-18-37" href="#__codelineno-18-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-38" name="__codelineno-18-38" href="#__codelineno-18-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-39" name="__codelineno-18-39" href="#__codelineno-18-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-40" name="__codelineno-18-40" href="#__codelineno-18-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-41" name="__codelineno-18-41" href="#__codelineno-18-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-42" name="__codelineno-18-42" href="#__codelineno-18-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="p">!.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-43" name="__codelineno-18-43" href="#__codelineno-18-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-44" name="__codelineno-18-44" href="#__codelineno-18-44"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-45" name="__codelineno-18-45" href="#__codelineno-18-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-46" name="__codelineno-18-46" href="#__codelineno-18-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-47" name="__codelineno-18-47" href="#__codelineno-18-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-48" name="__codelineno-18-48" href="#__codelineno-18-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-49" name="__codelineno-18-49" href="#__codelineno-18-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reversed</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-50" name="__codelineno-18-50" href="#__codelineno-18-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">!.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-51" name="__codelineno-18-51" href="#__codelineno-18-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">?.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-52" name="__codelineno-18-52" href="#__codelineno-18-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-53" name="__codelineno-18-53" href="#__codelineno-18-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-54" name="__codelineno-18-54" href="#__codelineno-18-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-55" name="__codelineno-18-55" href="#__codelineno-18-55"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-16" name="__codelineno-19-16" href="#__codelineno-19-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-17" name="__codelineno-19-17" href="#__codelineno-19-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-18" name="__codelineno-19-18" href="#__codelineno-19-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-19" name="__codelineno-19-19" href="#__codelineno-19-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-20" name="__codelineno-19-20" href="#__codelineno-19-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-21" name="__codelineno-19-21" href="#__codelineno-19-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-22" name="__codelineno-19-22" href="#__codelineno-19-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-23" name="__codelineno-19-23" href="#__codelineno-19-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-24" name="__codelineno-19-24" href="#__codelineno-19-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-25" name="__codelineno-19-25" href="#__codelineno-19-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-26" name="__codelineno-19-26" href="#__codelineno-19-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-27" name="__codelineno-19-27" href="#__codelineno-19-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-28" name="__codelineno-19-28" href="#__codelineno-19-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-29" name="__codelineno-19-29" href="#__codelineno-19-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-30" name="__codelineno-19-30" href="#__codelineno-19-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-31" name="__codelineno-19-31" href="#__codelineno-19-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-32" name="__codelineno-19-32" href="#__codelineno-19-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-33" name="__codelineno-19-33" href="#__codelineno-19-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-34" name="__codelineno-19-34" href="#__codelineno-19-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-35" name="__codelineno-19-35" href="#__codelineno-19-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-36" name="__codelineno-19-36" href="#__codelineno-19-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-37" name="__codelineno-19-37" href="#__codelineno-19-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-38" name="__codelineno-19-38" href="#__codelineno-19-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-39" name="__codelineno-19-39" href="#__codelineno-19-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-40" name="__codelineno-19-40" href="#__codelineno-19-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-41" name="__codelineno-19-41" href="#__codelineno-19-41"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-42" name="__codelineno-19-42" href="#__codelineno-19-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert linked list to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-43" name="__codelineno-19-43" href="#__codelineno-19-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-44" name="__codelineno-19-44" href="#__codelineno-19-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-45" name="__codelineno-19-45" href="#__codelineno-19-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-46" name="__codelineno-19-46" href="#__codelineno-19-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-47" name="__codelineno-19-47" href="#__codelineno-19-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-48" name="__codelineno-19-48" href="#__codelineno-19-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-49" name="__codelineno-19-49" href="#__codelineno-19-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-50" name="__codelineno-19-50" href="#__codelineno-19-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-51" name="__codelineno-19-51" href="#__codelineno-19-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-52" name="__codelineno-19-52" href="#__codelineno-19-52"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stkSize</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-15" name="__codelineno-20-15" href="#__codelineno-20-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-16" name="__codelineno-20-16" href="#__codelineno-20-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-17" name="__codelineno-20-17" href="#__codelineno-20-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-18" name="__codelineno-20-18" href="#__codelineno-20-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-19" name="__codelineno-20-19" href="#__codelineno-20-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-20" name="__codelineno-20-20" href="#__codelineno-20-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-21" name="__codelineno-20-21" href="#__codelineno-20-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-22" name="__codelineno-20-22" href="#__codelineno-20-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-23" name="__codelineno-20-23" href="#__codelineno-20-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-24" name="__codelineno-20-24" href="#__codelineno-20-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-25" name="__codelineno-20-25" href="#__codelineno-20-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-26" name="__codelineno-20-26" href="#__codelineno-20-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-27" name="__codelineno-20-27" href="#__codelineno-20-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-28" name="__codelineno-20-28" href="#__codelineno-20-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-29" name="__codelineno-20-29" href="#__codelineno-20-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-30" name="__codelineno-20-30" href="#__codelineno-20-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-31" name="__codelineno-20-31" href="#__codelineno-20-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-32" name="__codelineno-20-32" href="#__codelineno-20-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-33" name="__codelineno-20-33" href="#__codelineno-20-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-34" name="__codelineno-20-34" href="#__codelineno-20-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-35" name="__codelineno-20-35" href="#__codelineno-20-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-36" name="__codelineno-20-36" href="#__codelineno-20-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-37" name="__codelineno-20-37" href="#__codelineno-20-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-38" name="__codelineno-20-38" href="#__codelineno-20-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-39" name="__codelineno-20-39" href="#__codelineno-20-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-40" name="__codelineno-20-40" href="#__codelineno-20-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-41" name="__codelineno-20-41" href="#__codelineno-20-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-42" name="__codelineno-20-42" href="#__codelineno-20-42"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-43" name="__codelineno-20-43" href="#__codelineno-20-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert linked list to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-44" name="__codelineno-20-44" href="#__codelineno-20-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-45" name="__codelineno-20-45" href="#__codelineno-20-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-46" name="__codelineno-20-46" href="#__codelineno-20-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-47" name="__codelineno-20-47" href="#__codelineno-20-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-48" name="__codelineno-20-48" href="#__codelineno-20-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-49" name="__codelineno-20-49" href="#__codelineno-20-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-50" name="__codelineno-20-50" href="#__codelineno-20-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-51" name="__codelineno-20-51" href="#__codelineno-20-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-52" name="__codelineno-20-52" href="#__codelineno-20-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-53" name="__codelineno-20-53" href="#__codelineno-20-53"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack implemented based on linked list class */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-13" name="__codelineno-21-13" href="#__codelineno-21-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-14" name="__codelineno-21-14" href="#__codelineno-21-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-15" name="__codelineno-21-15" href="#__codelineno-21-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-16" name="__codelineno-21-16" href="#__codelineno-21-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-17" name="__codelineno-21-17" href="#__codelineno-21-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-18" name="__codelineno-21-18" href="#__codelineno-21-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-19" name="__codelineno-21-19" href="#__codelineno-21-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-20" name="__codelineno-21-20" href="#__codelineno-21-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-21" name="__codelineno-21-21" href="#__codelineno-21-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-22" name="__codelineno-21-22" href="#__codelineno-21-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-23" name="__codelineno-21-23" href="#__codelineno-21-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-24" name="__codelineno-21-24" href="#__codelineno-21-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-25" name="__codelineno-21-25" href="#__codelineno-21-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-26" name="__codelineno-21-26" href="#__codelineno-21-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-27" name="__codelineno-21-27" href="#__codelineno-21-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-28" name="__codelineno-21-28" href="#__codelineno-21-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-29" name="__codelineno-21-29" href="#__codelineno-21-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-30" name="__codelineno-21-30" href="#__codelineno-21-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-31" name="__codelineno-21-31" href="#__codelineno-21-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-32" name="__codelineno-21-32" href="#__codelineno-21-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-33" name="__codelineno-21-33" href="#__codelineno-21-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-34" name="__codelineno-21-34" href="#__codelineno-21-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-35" name="__codelineno-21-35" href="#__codelineno-21-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-36" name="__codelineno-21-36" href="#__codelineno-21-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-37" name="__codelineno-21-37" href="#__codelineno-21-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-38" name="__codelineno-21-38" href="#__codelineno-21-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-39" name="__codelineno-21-39" href="#__codelineno-21-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-40" name="__codelineno-21-40" href="#__codelineno-21-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-41" name="__codelineno-21-41" href="#__codelineno-21-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-42" name="__codelineno-21-42" href="#__codelineno-21-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-43" name="__codelineno-21-43" href="#__codelineno-21-43"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-44" name="__codelineno-21-44" href="#__codelineno-21-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert linked list to List and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-45" name="__codelineno-21-45" href="#__codelineno-21-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toList</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-46" name="__codelineno-21-46" href="#__codelineno-21-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-47" name="__codelineno-21-47" href="#__codelineno-21-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-48" name="__codelineno-21-48" href="#__codelineno-21-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-49" name="__codelineno-21-49" href="#__codelineno-21-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-50" name="__codelineno-21-50" href="#__codelineno-21-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-51" name="__codelineno-21-51" href="#__codelineno-21-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-52" name="__codelineno-21-52" href="#__codelineno-21-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reversed</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">toList</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-53" name="__codelineno-21-53" href="#__codelineno-21-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">list</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-54" name="__codelineno-21-54" href="#__codelineno-21-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-55" name="__codelineno-21-55" href="#__codelineno-21-55"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="cp">#[allow(dead_code)]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-15" name="__codelineno-22-15" href="#__codelineno-22-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-16" name="__codelineno-22-16" href="#__codelineno-22-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-17" name="__codelineno-22-17" href="#__codelineno-22-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-18" name="__codelineno-22-18" href="#__codelineno-22-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-19" name="__codelineno-22-19" href="#__codelineno-22-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-20" name="__codelineno-22-20" href="#__codelineno-22-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-21" name="__codelineno-22-21" href="#__codelineno-22-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-22" name="__codelineno-22-22" href="#__codelineno-22-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-23" name="__codelineno-22-23" href="#__codelineno-22-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-24" name="__codelineno-22-24" href="#__codelineno-22-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-25" name="__codelineno-22-25" href="#__codelineno-22-25"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-26" name="__codelineno-22-26" href="#__codelineno-22-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-27" name="__codelineno-22-27" href="#__codelineno-22-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-28" name="__codelineno-22-28" href="#__codelineno-22-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-29" name="__codelineno-22-29" href="#__codelineno-22-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-30" name="__codelineno-22-30" href="#__codelineno-22-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-31" name="__codelineno-22-31" href="#__codelineno-22-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-32" name="__codelineno-22-32" href="#__codelineno-22-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-33" name="__codelineno-22-33" href="#__codelineno-22-33"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-34" name="__codelineno-22-34" href="#__codelineno-22-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-35" name="__codelineno-22-35" href="#__codelineno-22-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-36" name="__codelineno-22-36" href="#__codelineno-22-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-37" name="__codelineno-22-37" href="#__codelineno-22-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-38" name="__codelineno-22-38" href="#__codelineno-22-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stk_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-39" name="__codelineno-22-39" href="#__codelineno-22-39"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-40" name="__codelineno-22-40" href="#__codelineno-22-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_head</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-41" name="__codelineno-22-41" href="#__codelineno-22-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-42" name="__codelineno-22-42" href="#__codelineno-22-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-43" name="__codelineno-22-43" href="#__codelineno-22-43"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-44" name="__codelineno-22-44" href="#__codelineno-22-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-45" name="__codelineno-22-45" href="#__codelineno-22-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-46" name="__codelineno-22-46" href="#__codelineno-22-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack_peek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-47" name="__codelineno-22-47" href="#__codelineno-22-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-48" name="__codelineno-22-48" href="#__codelineno-22-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-49" name="__codelineno-22-49" href="#__codelineno-22-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-50" name="__codelineno-22-50" href="#__codelineno-22-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-51" name="__codelineno-22-51" href="#__codelineno-22-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">_to_array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Sized</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-52" name="__codelineno-22-52" href="#__codelineno-22-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-53" name="__codelineno-22-53" href="#__codelineno-22-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-54" name="__codelineno-22-54" href="#__codelineno-22-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-55" name="__codelineno-22-55" href="#__codelineno-22-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-56" name="__codelineno-22-56" href="#__codelineno-22-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-57" name="__codelineno-22-57" href="#__codelineno-22-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-58" name="__codelineno-22-58" href="#__codelineno-22-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-59" name="__codelineno-22-59" href="#__codelineno-22-59"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-60" name="__codelineno-22-60" href="#__codelineno-22-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-61" name="__codelineno-22-61" href="#__codelineno-22-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-62" name="__codelineno-22-62" href="#__codelineno-22-62"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Constructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">newLinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-15" name="__codelineno-23-15" href="#__codelineno-23-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Destructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-16" name="__codelineno-23-16" href="#__codelineno-23-16"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">delLinkedListStack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-17" name="__codelineno-23-17" href="#__codelineno-23-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-18" name="__codelineno-23-18" href="#__codelineno-23-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-19" name="__codelineno-23-19" href="#__codelineno-23-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-20" name="__codelineno-23-20" href="#__codelineno-23-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-21" name="__codelineno-23-21" href="#__codelineno-23-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-22" name="__codelineno-23-22" href="#__codelineno-23-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-23" name="__codelineno-23-23" href="#__codelineno-23-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-24" name="__codelineno-23-24" href="#__codelineno-23-24"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-25" name="__codelineno-23-25" href="#__codelineno-23-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-26" name="__codelineno-23-26" href="#__codelineno-23-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-27" name="__codelineno-23-27" href="#__codelineno-23-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-28" name="__codelineno-23-28" href="#__codelineno-23-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-29" name="__codelineno-23-29" href="#__codelineno-23-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-30" name="__codelineno-23-30" href="#__codelineno-23-30"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-31" name="__codelineno-23-31" href="#__codelineno-23-31"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-32" name="__codelineno-23-32" href="#__codelineno-23-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-33" name="__codelineno-23-33" href="#__codelineno-23-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-34" name="__codelineno-23-34" href="#__codelineno-23-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-35" name="__codelineno-23-35" href="#__codelineno-23-35"></a><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-36" name="__codelineno-23-36" href="#__codelineno-23-36"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Update new node's pointer field</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Update new node's data field</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Update stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Update stack size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">top</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Free memory</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on linked list implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stackPeek</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode? </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use head node as stack top</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stkSize</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Stack length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-12" name="__codelineno-24-12" href="#__codelineno-24-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-13" name="__codelineno-24-13" href="#__codelineno-24-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-14" name="__codelineno-24-14" href="#__codelineno-24-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-15" name="__codelineno-24-15" href="#__codelineno-24-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-16" name="__codelineno-24-16" href="#__codelineno-24-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-17" name="__codelineno-24-17" href="#__codelineno-24-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-18" name="__codelineno-24-18" href="#__codelineno-24-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-19" name="__codelineno-24-19" href="#__codelineno-24-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-20" name="__codelineno-24-20" href="#__codelineno-24-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-21" name="__codelineno-24-21" href="#__codelineno-24-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-22" name="__codelineno-24-22" href="#__codelineno-24-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-23" name="__codelineno-24-23" href="#__codelineno-24-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-24" name="__codelineno-24-24" href="#__codelineno-24-24"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-25" name="__codelineno-24-25" href="#__codelineno-24-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-26" name="__codelineno-24-26" href="#__codelineno-24-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-27" name="__codelineno-24-27" href="#__codelineno-24-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-28" name="__codelineno-24-28" href="#__codelineno-24-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="o">?.</span><span class="na">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-29" name="__codelineno-24-29" href="#__codelineno-24-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-30" name="__codelineno-24-30" href="#__codelineno-24-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-31" name="__codelineno-24-31" href="#__codelineno-24-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-32" name="__codelineno-24-32" href="#__codelineno-24-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-33" name="__codelineno-24-33" href="#__codelineno-24-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-34" name="__codelineno-24-34" href="#__codelineno-24-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-35" name="__codelineno-24-35" href="#__codelineno-24-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-36" name="__codelineno-24-36" href="#__codelineno-24-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="o">?.</span><span class="na">_val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-37" name="__codelineno-24-37" href="#__codelineno-24-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-38" name="__codelineno-24-38" href="#__codelineno-24-38"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-39" name="__codelineno-24-39" href="#__codelineno-24-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-40" name="__codelineno-24-40" href="#__codelineno-24-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-41" name="__codelineno-24-41" href="#__codelineno-24-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-42" name="__codelineno-24-42" href="#__codelineno-24-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-43" name="__codelineno-24-43" href="#__codelineno-24-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">downTo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-44" name="__codelineno-24-44" href="#__codelineno-24-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">?.</span><span class="na">_val</span><span class="o">!!</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-45" name="__codelineno-24-45" href="#__codelineno-24-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-46" name="__codelineno-24-46" href="#__codelineno-24-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-47" name="__codelineno-24-47" href="#__codelineno-24-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-48" name="__codelineno-24-48" href="#__codelineno-24-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-49" name="__codelineno-24-49" href="#__codelineno-24-49"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="c1">### Stack based on linked list ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Constructor ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">initialize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-9" name="__codelineno-25-9" href="#__codelineno-25-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-10" name="__codelineno-25-10" href="#__codelineno-25-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Check if stack is empty ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-11" name="__codelineno-25-11" href="#__codelineno-25-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-12" name="__codelineno-25-12" href="#__codelineno-25-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nil?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-13" name="__codelineno-25-13" href="#__codelineno-25-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-14" name="__codelineno-25-14" href="#__codelineno-25-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-15" name="__codelineno-25-15" href="#__codelineno-25-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Push ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-16" name="__codelineno-25-16" href="#__codelineno-25-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-17" name="__codelineno-25-17" href="#__codelineno-25-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ListNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-18" name="__codelineno-25-18" href="#__codelineno-25-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-19" name="__codelineno-25-19" href="#__codelineno-25-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-20" name="__codelineno-25-20" href="#__codelineno-25-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-21" name="__codelineno-25-21" href="#__codelineno-25-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-22" name="__codelineno-25-22" href="#__codelineno-25-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-23" name="__codelineno-25-23" href="#__codelineno-25-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Pop ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-24" name="__codelineno-25-24" href="#__codelineno-25-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-25" name="__codelineno-25-25" href="#__codelineno-25-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-26" name="__codelineno-25-26" href="#__codelineno-25-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-27" name="__codelineno-25-27" href="#__codelineno-25-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-28" name="__codelineno-25-28" href="#__codelineno-25-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-29" name="__codelineno-25-29" href="#__codelineno-25-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-30" name="__codelineno-25-30" href="#__codelineno-25-30"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-31" name="__codelineno-25-31" href="#__codelineno-25-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Access top element ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-32" name="__codelineno-25-32" href="#__codelineno-25-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-33" name="__codelineno-25-33" href="#__codelineno-25-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-34" name="__codelineno-25-34" href="#__codelineno-25-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-35" name="__codelineno-25-35" href="#__codelineno-25-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-36" name="__codelineno-25-36" href="#__codelineno-25-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-37" name="__codelineno-25-37" href="#__codelineno-25-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-38" name="__codelineno-25-38" href="#__codelineno-25-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Convert linked list to Array and return ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-39" name="__codelineno-25-39" href="#__codelineno-25-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-40" name="__codelineno-25-40" href="#__codelineno-25-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-41" name="__codelineno-25-41" href="#__codelineno-25-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-42" name="__codelineno-25-42" href="#__codelineno-25-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-43" name="__codelineno-25-43" href="#__codelineno-25-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-44" name="__codelineno-25-44" href="#__codelineno-25-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-45" name="__codelineno-25-45" href="#__codelineno-25-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-46" name="__codelineno-25-46" href="#__codelineno-25-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-47" name="__codelineno-25-47" href="#__codelineno-25-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-48" name="__codelineno-25-48" href="#__codelineno-25-48"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="2-array-implementation">2. Array Implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#2-array-implementation" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>When implementing a stack using an array, we can treat the end of the array as the top of the stack. As shown in Figure 5-3, push and pop operations correspond to adding and removing elements at the end of the array, both with a time complexity of <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span>.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">ArrayStack</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">push()</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">pop()</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/array_stack_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Push and pop operations in array implementation of stack" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/array_stack_step1.png" /></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/array_stack_step2_push.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="array_stack_push" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/array_stack_step2_push.png" /></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/array_stack_step3_pop.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="array_stack_pop" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/array_stack_step3_pop.png" /></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 5-3 Push and pop operations in array implementation of stack </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Since elements pushed onto the stack may increase continuously, we can use a dynamic array, which eliminates the need to handle array expansion ourselves. Here is the sample code:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Stack based on array implementation"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Constructor"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Get the length of the stack"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-13" name="__codelineno-26-13" href="#__codelineno-26-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Check if the stack is empty"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-14" name="__codelineno-26-14" href="#__codelineno-26-14"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-15" name="__codelineno-26-15" href="#__codelineno-26-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-16" name="__codelineno-26-16" href="#__codelineno-26-16"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-17" name="__codelineno-26-17" href="#__codelineno-26-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Push"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-18" name="__codelineno-26-18" href="#__codelineno-26-18"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-19" name="__codelineno-26-19" href="#__codelineno-26-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-20" name="__codelineno-26-20" href="#__codelineno-26-20"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-21" name="__codelineno-26-21" href="#__codelineno-26-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Pop"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-22" name="__codelineno-26-22" href="#__codelineno-26-22"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-23" name="__codelineno-26-23" href="#__codelineno-26-23"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-24" name="__codelineno-26-24" href="#__codelineno-26-24"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-25" name="__codelineno-26-25" href="#__codelineno-26-25"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-26" name="__codelineno-26-26" href="#__codelineno-26-26"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-27" name="__codelineno-26-27" href="#__codelineno-26-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Access top of the stack element"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-28" name="__codelineno-26-28" href="#__codelineno-26-28"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-29" name="__codelineno-26-29" href="#__codelineno-26-29"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-30" name="__codelineno-26-30" href="#__codelineno-26-30"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-31" name="__codelineno-26-31" href="#__codelineno-26-31"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-32" name="__codelineno-26-32" href="#__codelineno-26-32"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-33" name="__codelineno-26-33" href="#__codelineno-26-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Return list for printing"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-34" name="__codelineno-26-34" href="#__codelineno-26-34"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-11" name="__codelineno-27-11" href="#__codelineno-27-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-12" name="__codelineno-27-12" href="#__codelineno-27-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-13" name="__codelineno-27-13" href="#__codelineno-27-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-14" name="__codelineno-27-14" href="#__codelineno-27-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-15" name="__codelineno-27-15" href="#__codelineno-27-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-16" name="__codelineno-27-16" href="#__codelineno-27-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-17" name="__codelineno-27-17" href="#__codelineno-27-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-18" name="__codelineno-27-18" href="#__codelineno-27-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-19" name="__codelineno-27-19" href="#__codelineno-27-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-20" name="__codelineno-27-20" href="#__codelineno-27-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-21" name="__codelineno-27-21" href="#__codelineno-27-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-22" name="__codelineno-27-22" href="#__codelineno-27-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-23" name="__codelineno-27-23" href="#__codelineno-27-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-24" name="__codelineno-27-24" href="#__codelineno-27-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-25" name="__codelineno-27-25" href="#__codelineno-27-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_back</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-26" name="__codelineno-27-26" href="#__codelineno-27-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-27" name="__codelineno-27-27" href="#__codelineno-27-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-28" name="__codelineno-27-28" href="#__codelineno-27-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-29" name="__codelineno-27-29" href="#__codelineno-27-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-30" name="__codelineno-27-30" href="#__codelineno-27-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-31" name="__codelineno-27-31" href="#__codelineno-27-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-32" name="__codelineno-27-32" href="#__codelineno-27-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-33" name="__codelineno-27-33" href="#__codelineno-27-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">back</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-34" name="__codelineno-27-34" href="#__codelineno-27-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-35" name="__codelineno-27-35" href="#__codelineno-27-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-36" name="__codelineno-27-36" href="#__codelineno-27-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return Vector */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-37" name="__codelineno-27-37" href="#__codelineno-27-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toVector</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-38" name="__codelineno-27-38" href="#__codelineno-27-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-39" name="__codelineno-27-39" href="#__codelineno-27-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-40" name="__codelineno-27-40" href="#__codelineno-27-40"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-6" name="__codelineno-28-6" href="#__codelineno-28-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize list (dynamic array)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-7" name="__codelineno-28-7" href="#__codelineno-28-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-8" name="__codelineno-28-8" href="#__codelineno-28-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-9" name="__codelineno-28-9" href="#__codelineno-28-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-10" name="__codelineno-28-10" href="#__codelineno-28-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-11" name="__codelineno-28-11" href="#__codelineno-28-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-12" name="__codelineno-28-12" href="#__codelineno-28-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-13" name="__codelineno-28-13" href="#__codelineno-28-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-14" name="__codelineno-28-14" href="#__codelineno-28-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-15" name="__codelineno-28-15" href="#__codelineno-28-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-16" name="__codelineno-28-16" href="#__codelineno-28-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-17" name="__codelineno-28-17" href="#__codelineno-28-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-18" name="__codelineno-28-18" href="#__codelineno-28-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-19" name="__codelineno-28-19" href="#__codelineno-28-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-20" name="__codelineno-28-20" href="#__codelineno-28-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-21" name="__codelineno-28-21" href="#__codelineno-28-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-22" name="__codelineno-28-22" href="#__codelineno-28-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-23" name="__codelineno-28-23" href="#__codelineno-28-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-24" name="__codelineno-28-24" href="#__codelineno-28-24"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-25" name="__codelineno-28-25" href="#__codelineno-28-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-26" name="__codelineno-28-26" href="#__codelineno-28-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-27" name="__codelineno-28-27" href="#__codelineno-28-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-28" name="__codelineno-28-28" href="#__codelineno-28-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-29" name="__codelineno-28-29" href="#__codelineno-28-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-30" name="__codelineno-28-30" href="#__codelineno-28-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-31" name="__codelineno-28-31" href="#__codelineno-28-31"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-32" name="__codelineno-28-32" href="#__codelineno-28-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-33" name="__codelineno-28-33" href="#__codelineno-28-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-34" name="__codelineno-28-34" href="#__codelineno-28-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-35" name="__codelineno-28-35" href="#__codelineno-28-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-36" name="__codelineno-28-36" href="#__codelineno-28-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-37" name="__codelineno-28-37" href="#__codelineno-28-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-38" name="__codelineno-28-38" href="#__codelineno-28-38"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-39" name="__codelineno-28-39" href="#__codelineno-28-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-40" name="__codelineno-28-40" href="#__codelineno-28-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-41" name="__codelineno-28-41" href="#__codelineno-28-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toArray</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-42" name="__codelineno-28-42" href="#__codelineno-28-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-43" name="__codelineno-28-43" href="#__codelineno-28-43"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize list (dynamic array)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-8" name="__codelineno-29-8" href="#__codelineno-29-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-9" name="__codelineno-29-9" href="#__codelineno-29-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-10" name="__codelineno-29-10" href="#__codelineno-29-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-11" name="__codelineno-29-11" href="#__codelineno-29-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-12" name="__codelineno-29-12" href="#__codelineno-29-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-13" name="__codelineno-29-13" href="#__codelineno-29-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-14" name="__codelineno-29-14" href="#__codelineno-29-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-15" name="__codelineno-29-15" href="#__codelineno-29-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-16" name="__codelineno-29-16" href="#__codelineno-29-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-17" name="__codelineno-29-17" href="#__codelineno-29-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-18" name="__codelineno-29-18" href="#__codelineno-29-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-19" name="__codelineno-29-19" href="#__codelineno-29-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-20" name="__codelineno-29-20" href="#__codelineno-29-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-21" name="__codelineno-29-21" href="#__codelineno-29-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-22" name="__codelineno-29-22" href="#__codelineno-29-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-23" name="__codelineno-29-23" href="#__codelineno-29-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-24" name="__codelineno-29-24" href="#__codelineno-29-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-25" name="__codelineno-29-25" href="#__codelineno-29-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-26" name="__codelineno-29-26" href="#__codelineno-29-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-27" name="__codelineno-29-27" href="#__codelineno-29-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Exception</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-28" name="__codelineno-29-28" href="#__codelineno-29-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-29" name="__codelineno-29-29" href="#__codelineno-29-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RemoveAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-30" name="__codelineno-29-30" href="#__codelineno-29-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-31" name="__codelineno-29-31" href="#__codelineno-29-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-32" name="__codelineno-29-32" href="#__codelineno-29-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-33" name="__codelineno-29-33" href="#__codelineno-29-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-34" name="__codelineno-29-34" href="#__codelineno-29-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-35" name="__codelineno-29-35" href="#__codelineno-29-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-36" name="__codelineno-29-36" href="#__codelineno-29-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Exception</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-37" name="__codelineno-29-37" href="#__codelineno-29-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-38" name="__codelineno-29-38" href="#__codelineno-29-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-39" name="__codelineno-29-39" href="#__codelineno-29-39"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-40" name="__codelineno-29-40" href="#__codelineno-29-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-41" name="__codelineno-29-41" href="#__codelineno-29-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ToArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-42" name="__codelineno-29-42" href="#__codelineno-29-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[..</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-43" name="__codelineno-29-43" href="#__codelineno-29-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-44" name="__codelineno-29-44" href="#__codelineno-29-44"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Data</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6" href="#__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top of the stack element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-7" name="__codelineno-30-7" href="#__codelineno-30-7"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newArrayStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-8" name="__codelineno-30-8" href="#__codelineno-30-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-9" name="__codelineno-30-9" href="#__codelineno-30-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Set stack length to 0, capacity to 16</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-10" name="__codelineno-30-10" href="#__codelineno-30-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-11" name="__codelineno-30-11" href="#__codelineno-30-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-12" name="__codelineno-30-12" href="#__codelineno-30-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-13" name="__codelineno-30-13" href="#__codelineno-30-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-14" name="__codelineno-30-14" href="#__codelineno-30-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack length */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-15" name="__codelineno-30-15" href="#__codelineno-30-15"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-16" name="__codelineno-30-16" href="#__codelineno-30-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-17" name="__codelineno-30-17" href="#__codelineno-30-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-18" name="__codelineno-30-18" href="#__codelineno-30-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-19" name="__codelineno-30-19" href="#__codelineno-30-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Is stack empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-20" name="__codelineno-30-20" href="#__codelineno-30-20"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-21" name="__codelineno-30-21" href="#__codelineno-30-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-22" name="__codelineno-30-22" href="#__codelineno-30-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-23" name="__codelineno-30-23" href="#__codelineno-30-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-24" name="__codelineno-30-24" href="#__codelineno-30-24"></a><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-25" name="__codelineno-30-25" href="#__codelineno-30-25"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-26" name="__codelineno-30-26" href="#__codelineno-30-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Slice will automatically expand</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-27" name="__codelineno-30-27" href="#__codelineno-30-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-28" name="__codelineno-30-28" href="#__codelineno-30-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-29" name="__codelineno-30-29" href="#__codelineno-30-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-30" name="__codelineno-30-30" href="#__codelineno-30-30"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-31" name="__codelineno-30-31" href="#__codelineno-30-31"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-32" name="__codelineno-30-32" href="#__codelineno-30-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-33" name="__codelineno-30-33" href="#__codelineno-30-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-34" name="__codelineno-30-34" href="#__codelineno-30-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-35" name="__codelineno-30-35" href="#__codelineno-30-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-36" name="__codelineno-30-36" href="#__codelineno-30-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-37" name="__codelineno-30-37" href="#__codelineno-30-37"></a><span class="cm">/* Get stack top element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-38" name="__codelineno-30-38" href="#__codelineno-30-38"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-39" name="__codelineno-30-39" href="#__codelineno-30-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-40" name="__codelineno-30-40" href="#__codelineno-30-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-41" name="__codelineno-30-41" href="#__codelineno-30-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-42" name="__codelineno-30-42" href="#__codelineno-30-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-43" name="__codelineno-30-43" href="#__codelineno-30-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-44" name="__codelineno-30-44" href="#__codelineno-30-44"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-45" name="__codelineno-30-45" href="#__codelineno-30-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-46" name="__codelineno-30-46" href="#__codelineno-30-46"></a><span class="cm">/* Get Slice for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-47" name="__codelineno-30-47" href="#__codelineno-30-47"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toSlice</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-48" name="__codelineno-30-48" href="#__codelineno-30-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-49" name="__codelineno-30-49" href="#__codelineno-30-49"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize list (dynamic array)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-10" name="__codelineno-31-10" href="#__codelineno-31-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-11" name="__codelineno-31-11" href="#__codelineno-31-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-12" name="__codelineno-31-12" href="#__codelineno-31-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-13" name="__codelineno-31-13" href="#__codelineno-31-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-14" name="__codelineno-31-14" href="#__codelineno-31-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-15" name="__codelineno-31-15" href="#__codelineno-31-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-16" name="__codelineno-31-16" href="#__codelineno-31-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-17" name="__codelineno-31-17" href="#__codelineno-31-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-18" name="__codelineno-31-18" href="#__codelineno-31-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-19" name="__codelineno-31-19" href="#__codelineno-31-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-20" name="__codelineno-31-20" href="#__codelineno-31-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-21" name="__codelineno-31-21" href="#__codelineno-31-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-22" name="__codelineno-31-22" href="#__codelineno-31-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-23" name="__codelineno-31-23" href="#__codelineno-31-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-24" name="__codelineno-31-24" href="#__codelineno-31-24"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-25" name="__codelineno-31-25" href="#__codelineno-31-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-26" name="__codelineno-31-26" href="#__codelineno-31-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">@</span><span class="n">discardableResult</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-27" name="__codelineno-31-27" href="#__codelineno-31-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-28" name="__codelineno-31-28" href="#__codelineno-31-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-29" name="__codelineno-31-29" href="#__codelineno-31-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-30" name="__codelineno-31-30" href="#__codelineno-31-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-31" name="__codelineno-31-31" href="#__codelineno-31-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">removeLast</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-32" name="__codelineno-31-32" href="#__codelineno-31-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-33" name="__codelineno-31-33" href="#__codelineno-31-33"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-34" name="__codelineno-31-34" href="#__codelineno-31-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-35" name="__codelineno-31-35" href="#__codelineno-31-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-36" name="__codelineno-31-36" href="#__codelineno-31-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-37" name="__codelineno-31-37" href="#__codelineno-31-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-38" name="__codelineno-31-38" href="#__codelineno-31-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-39" name="__codelineno-31-39" href="#__codelineno-31-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">last</span><span class="p">!</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-40" name="__codelineno-31-40" href="#__codelineno-31-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-41" name="__codelineno-31-41" href="#__codelineno-31-41"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-42" name="__codelineno-31-42" href="#__codelineno-31-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-43" name="__codelineno-31-43" href="#__codelineno-31-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-44" name="__codelineno-31-44" href="#__codelineno-31-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-45" name="__codelineno-31-45" href="#__codelineno-31-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-46" name="__codelineno-31-46" href="#__codelineno-31-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-7" name="__codelineno-32-7" href="#__codelineno-32-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-8" name="__codelineno-32-8" href="#__codelineno-32-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-9" name="__codelineno-32-9" href="#__codelineno-32-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-10" name="__codelineno-32-10" href="#__codelineno-32-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-11" name="__codelineno-32-11" href="#__codelineno-32-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-12" name="__codelineno-32-12" href="#__codelineno-32-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-13" name="__codelineno-32-13" href="#__codelineno-32-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-14" name="__codelineno-32-14" href="#__codelineno-32-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-15" name="__codelineno-32-15" href="#__codelineno-32-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-16" name="__codelineno-32-16" href="#__codelineno-32-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-17" name="__codelineno-32-17" href="#__codelineno-32-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-18" name="__codelineno-32-18" href="#__codelineno-32-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-19" name="__codelineno-32-19" href="#__codelineno-32-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-20" name="__codelineno-32-20" href="#__codelineno-32-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-21" name="__codelineno-32-21" href="#__codelineno-32-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-22" name="__codelineno-32-22" href="#__codelineno-32-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-23" name="__codelineno-32-23" href="#__codelineno-32-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-24" name="__codelineno-32-24" href="#__codelineno-32-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-25" name="__codelineno-32-25" href="#__codelineno-32-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-26" name="__codelineno-32-26" href="#__codelineno-32-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-27" name="__codelineno-32-27" href="#__codelineno-32-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-28" name="__codelineno-32-28" href="#__codelineno-32-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-29" name="__codelineno-32-29" href="#__codelineno-32-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-30" name="__codelineno-32-30" href="#__codelineno-32-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-31" name="__codelineno-32-31" href="#__codelineno-32-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-32" name="__codelineno-32-32" href="#__codelineno-32-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-33" name="__codelineno-32-33" href="#__codelineno-32-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-34" name="__codelineno-32-34" href="#__codelineno-32-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-35" name="__codelineno-32-35" href="#__codelineno-32-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return Array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-36" name="__codelineno-32-36" href="#__codelineno-32-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-37" name="__codelineno-32-37" href="#__codelineno-32-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-38" name="__codelineno-32-38" href="#__codelineno-32-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-39" name="__codelineno-32-39" href="#__codelineno-32-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-7" name="__codelineno-33-7" href="#__codelineno-33-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-8" name="__codelineno-33-8" href="#__codelineno-33-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-9" name="__codelineno-33-9" href="#__codelineno-33-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-10" name="__codelineno-33-10" href="#__codelineno-33-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-11" name="__codelineno-33-11" href="#__codelineno-33-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-12" name="__codelineno-33-12" href="#__codelineno-33-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-13" name="__codelineno-33-13" href="#__codelineno-33-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-14" name="__codelineno-33-14" href="#__codelineno-33-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-15" name="__codelineno-33-15" href="#__codelineno-33-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-16" name="__codelineno-33-16" href="#__codelineno-33-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-17" name="__codelineno-33-17" href="#__codelineno-33-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-18" name="__codelineno-33-18" href="#__codelineno-33-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-19" name="__codelineno-33-19" href="#__codelineno-33-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-20" name="__codelineno-33-20" href="#__codelineno-33-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-21" name="__codelineno-33-21" href="#__codelineno-33-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-22" name="__codelineno-33-22" href="#__codelineno-33-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-23" name="__codelineno-33-23" href="#__codelineno-33-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-24" name="__codelineno-33-24" href="#__codelineno-33-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-25" name="__codelineno-33-25" href="#__codelineno-33-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-26" name="__codelineno-33-26" href="#__codelineno-33-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-27" name="__codelineno-33-27" href="#__codelineno-33-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-28" name="__codelineno-33-28" href="#__codelineno-33-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-29" name="__codelineno-33-29" href="#__codelineno-33-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-30" name="__codelineno-33-30" href="#__codelineno-33-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-31" name="__codelineno-33-31" href="#__codelineno-33-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-32" name="__codelineno-33-32" href="#__codelineno-33-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-33" name="__codelineno-33-33" href="#__codelineno-33-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-34" name="__codelineno-33-34" href="#__codelineno-33-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-35" name="__codelineno-33-35" href="#__codelineno-33-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return Array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-36" name="__codelineno-33-36" href="#__codelineno-33-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-37" name="__codelineno-33-37" href="#__codelineno-33-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-38" name="__codelineno-33-38" href="#__codelineno-33-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-39" name="__codelineno-33-39" href="#__codelineno-33-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">late</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-7" name="__codelineno-34-7" href="#__codelineno-34-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-8" name="__codelineno-34-8" href="#__codelineno-34-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-9" name="__codelineno-34-9" href="#__codelineno-34-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-10" name="__codelineno-34-10" href="#__codelineno-34-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-11" name="__codelineno-34-11" href="#__codelineno-34-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-12" name="__codelineno-34-12" href="#__codelineno-34-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-13" name="__codelineno-34-13" href="#__codelineno-34-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-14" name="__codelineno-34-14" href="#__codelineno-34-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-15" name="__codelineno-34-15" href="#__codelineno-34-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-16" name="__codelineno-34-16" href="#__codelineno-34-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-17" name="__codelineno-34-17" href="#__codelineno-34-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-18" name="__codelineno-34-18" href="#__codelineno-34-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-19" name="__codelineno-34-19" href="#__codelineno-34-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-20" name="__codelineno-34-20" href="#__codelineno-34-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-21" name="__codelineno-34-21" href="#__codelineno-34-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-22" name="__codelineno-34-22" href="#__codelineno-34-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-23" name="__codelineno-34-23" href="#__codelineno-34-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-24" name="__codelineno-34-24" href="#__codelineno-34-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-25" name="__codelineno-34-25" href="#__codelineno-34-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-26" name="__codelineno-34-26" href="#__codelineno-34-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-27" name="__codelineno-34-27" href="#__codelineno-34-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-28" name="__codelineno-34-28" href="#__codelineno-34-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-29" name="__codelineno-34-29" href="#__codelineno-34-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-30" name="__codelineno-34-30" href="#__codelineno-34-30"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-31" name="__codelineno-34-31" href="#__codelineno-34-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-32" name="__codelineno-34-32" href="#__codelineno-34-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-33" name="__codelineno-34-33" href="#__codelineno-34-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-34" name="__codelineno-34-34" href="#__codelineno-34-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-35" name="__codelineno-34-35" href="#__codelineno-34-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-36" name="__codelineno-34-36" href="#__codelineno-34-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-37" name="__codelineno-34-37" href="#__codelineno-34-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-38" name="__codelineno-34-38" href="#__codelineno-34-38"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-39" name="__codelineno-34-39" href="#__codelineno-34-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert stack to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-40" name="__codelineno-34-40" href="#__codelineno-34-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-41" name="__codelineno-34-41" href="#__codelineno-34-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7" href="#__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access top of the stack element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8" href="#__codelineno-35-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9" href="#__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-10" name="__codelineno-35-10" href="#__codelineno-35-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(),</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-11" name="__codelineno-35-11" href="#__codelineno-35-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-12" name="__codelineno-35-12" href="#__codelineno-35-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-13" name="__codelineno-35-13" href="#__codelineno-35-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-14" name="__codelineno-35-14" href="#__codelineno-35-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-15" name="__codelineno-35-15" href="#__codelineno-35-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-16" name="__codelineno-35-16" href="#__codelineno-35-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-17" name="__codelineno-35-17" href="#__codelineno-35-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-18" name="__codelineno-35-18" href="#__codelineno-35-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-19" name="__codelineno-35-19" href="#__codelineno-35-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-20" name="__codelineno-35-20" href="#__codelineno-35-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-21" name="__codelineno-35-21" href="#__codelineno-35-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-22" name="__codelineno-35-22" href="#__codelineno-35-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-23" name="__codelineno-35-23" href="#__codelineno-35-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-24" name="__codelineno-35-24" href="#__codelineno-35-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-25" name="__codelineno-35-25" href="#__codelineno-35-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-26" name="__codelineno-35-26" href="#__codelineno-35-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-27" name="__codelineno-35-27" href="#__codelineno-35-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-28" name="__codelineno-35-28" href="#__codelineno-35-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-29" name="__codelineno-35-29" href="#__codelineno-35-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-30" name="__codelineno-35-30" href="#__codelineno-35-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-31" name="__codelineno-35-31" href="#__codelineno-35-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-32" name="__codelineno-35-32" href="#__codelineno-35-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-33" name="__codelineno-35-33" href="#__codelineno-35-33"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-34" name="__codelineno-35-34" href="#__codelineno-35-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-35" name="__codelineno-35-35" href="#__codelineno-35-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-36" name="__codelineno-35-36" href="#__codelineno-35-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-37" name="__codelineno-35-37" href="#__codelineno-35-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-38" name="__codelineno-35-38" href="#__codelineno-35-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-39" name="__codelineno-35-39" href="#__codelineno-35-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-40" name="__codelineno-35-40" href="#__codelineno-35-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-41" name="__codelineno-35-41" href="#__codelineno-35-41"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-42" name="__codelineno-35-42" href="#__codelineno-35-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return &Vec */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-43" name="__codelineno-35-43" href="#__codelineno-35-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-44" name="__codelineno-35-44" href="#__codelineno-35-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-45" name="__codelineno-35-45" href="#__codelineno-35-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-46" name="__codelineno-35-46" href="#__codelineno-35-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5" href="#__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-6" name="__codelineno-36-6" href="#__codelineno-36-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-7" name="__codelineno-36-7" href="#__codelineno-36-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Constructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-8" name="__codelineno-36-8" href="#__codelineno-36-8"></a><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">newArrayStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-9" name="__codelineno-36-9" href="#__codelineno-36-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-10" name="__codelineno-36-10" href="#__codelineno-36-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize with large capacity to avoid expansion</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-11" name="__codelineno-36-11" href="#__codelineno-36-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-12" name="__codelineno-36-12" href="#__codelineno-36-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-13" name="__codelineno-36-13" href="#__codelineno-36-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-14" name="__codelineno-36-14" href="#__codelineno-36-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-15" name="__codelineno-36-15" href="#__codelineno-36-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-16" name="__codelineno-36-16" href="#__codelineno-36-16"></a><span class="cm">/* Destructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-17" name="__codelineno-36-17" href="#__codelineno-36-17"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">delArrayStack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-18" name="__codelineno-36-18" href="#__codelineno-36-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-19" name="__codelineno-36-19" href="#__codelineno-36-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-20" name="__codelineno-36-20" href="#__codelineno-36-20"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-21" name="__codelineno-36-21" href="#__codelineno-36-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-22" name="__codelineno-36-22" href="#__codelineno-36-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-23" name="__codelineno-36-23" href="#__codelineno-36-23"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-24" name="__codelineno-36-24" href="#__codelineno-36-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-25" name="__codelineno-36-25" href="#__codelineno-36-25"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-26" name="__codelineno-36-26" href="#__codelineno-36-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-27" name="__codelineno-36-27" href="#__codelineno-36-27"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-28" name="__codelineno-36-28" href="#__codelineno-36-28"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-29" name="__codelineno-36-29" href="#__codelineno-36-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-30" name="__codelineno-36-30" href="#__codelineno-36-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-31" name="__codelineno-36-31" href="#__codelineno-36-31"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-32" name="__codelineno-36-32" href="#__codelineno-36-32"></a><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-33" name="__codelineno-36-33" href="#__codelineno-36-33"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-34" name="__codelineno-36-34" href="#__codelineno-36-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-35" name="__codelineno-36-35" href="#__codelineno-36-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is full</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-36" name="__codelineno-36-36" href="#__codelineno-36-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-37" name="__codelineno-36-37" href="#__codelineno-36-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-38" name="__codelineno-36-38" href="#__codelineno-36-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-39" name="__codelineno-36-39" href="#__codelineno-36-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-40" name="__codelineno-36-40" href="#__codelineno-36-40"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-41" name="__codelineno-36-41" href="#__codelineno-36-41"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-42" name="__codelineno-36-42" href="#__codelineno-36-42"></a><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-43" name="__codelineno-36-43" href="#__codelineno-36-43"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-44" name="__codelineno-36-44" href="#__codelineno-36-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-45" name="__codelineno-36-45" href="#__codelineno-36-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Stack is empty</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-46" name="__codelineno-36-46" href="#__codelineno-36-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-47" name="__codelineno-36-47" href="#__codelineno-36-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-48" name="__codelineno-36-48" href="#__codelineno-36-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-49" name="__codelineno-36-49" href="#__codelineno-36-49"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-50" name="__codelineno-36-50" href="#__codelineno-36-50"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-51" name="__codelineno-36-51" href="#__codelineno-36-51"></a><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-52" name="__codelineno-36-52" href="#__codelineno-36-52"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-53" name="__codelineno-36-53" href="#__codelineno-36-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-54" name="__codelineno-36-54" href="#__codelineno-36-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-55" name="__codelineno-36-55" href="#__codelineno-36-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-56" name="__codelineno-36-56" href="#__codelineno-36-56"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Stack based on array implementation */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize list (dynamic array)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the length of the stack */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-7" name="__codelineno-37-7" href="#__codelineno-37-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-8" name="__codelineno-37-8" href="#__codelineno-37-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-9" name="__codelineno-37-9" href="#__codelineno-37-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-10" name="__codelineno-37-10" href="#__codelineno-37-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-11" name="__codelineno-37-11" href="#__codelineno-37-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the stack is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-12" name="__codelineno-37-12" href="#__codelineno-37-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-13" name="__codelineno-37-13" href="#__codelineno-37-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-14" name="__codelineno-37-14" href="#__codelineno-37-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-15" name="__codelineno-37-15" href="#__codelineno-37-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-16" name="__codelineno-37-16" href="#__codelineno-37-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-17" name="__codelineno-37-17" href="#__codelineno-37-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-18" name="__codelineno-37-18" href="#__codelineno-37-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-19" name="__codelineno-37-19" href="#__codelineno-37-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-20" name="__codelineno-37-20" href="#__codelineno-37-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-21" name="__codelineno-37-21" href="#__codelineno-37-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Pop */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-22" name="__codelineno-37-22" href="#__codelineno-37-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-23" name="__codelineno-37-23" href="#__codelineno-37-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-24" name="__codelineno-37-24" href="#__codelineno-37-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">removeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-25" name="__codelineno-37-25" href="#__codelineno-37-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-26" name="__codelineno-37-26" href="#__codelineno-37-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-27" name="__codelineno-37-27" href="#__codelineno-37-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-28" name="__codelineno-37-28" href="#__codelineno-37-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-29" name="__codelineno-37-29" href="#__codelineno-37-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-30" name="__codelineno-37-30" href="#__codelineno-37-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-31" name="__codelineno-37-31" href="#__codelineno-37-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-32" name="__codelineno-37-32" href="#__codelineno-37-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-33" name="__codelineno-37-33" href="#__codelineno-37-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert List to Array and return */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-34" name="__codelineno-37-34" href="#__codelineno-37-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Any</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-35" name="__codelineno-37-35" href="#__codelineno-37-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toTypedArray</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-36" name="__codelineno-37-36" href="#__codelineno-37-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-37" name="__codelineno-37-37" href="#__codelineno-37-37"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="c1">### Stack based on array ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Constructor ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">initialize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5" href="#__codelineno-38-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6" href="#__codelineno-38-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-7" name="__codelineno-38-7" href="#__codelineno-38-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-8" name="__codelineno-38-8" href="#__codelineno-38-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Get stack length ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-9" name="__codelineno-38-9" href="#__codelineno-38-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-10" name="__codelineno-38-10" href="#__codelineno-38-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-11" name="__codelineno-38-11" href="#__codelineno-38-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-12" name="__codelineno-38-12" href="#__codelineno-38-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-13" name="__codelineno-38-13" href="#__codelineno-38-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Check if stack is empty ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-14" name="__codelineno-38-14" href="#__codelineno-38-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-15" name="__codelineno-38-15" href="#__codelineno-38-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-16" name="__codelineno-38-16" href="#__codelineno-38-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-17" name="__codelineno-38-17" href="#__codelineno-38-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-18" name="__codelineno-38-18" href="#__codelineno-38-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Push ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-19" name="__codelineno-38-19" href="#__codelineno-38-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-20" name="__codelineno-38-20" href="#__codelineno-38-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">item</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-21" name="__codelineno-38-21" href="#__codelineno-38-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-22" name="__codelineno-38-22" href="#__codelineno-38-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-23" name="__codelineno-38-23" href="#__codelineno-38-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Pop ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-24" name="__codelineno-38-24" href="#__codelineno-38-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-25" name="__codelineno-38-25" href="#__codelineno-38-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-26" name="__codelineno-38-26" href="#__codelineno-38-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-27" name="__codelineno-38-27" href="#__codelineno-38-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-28" name="__codelineno-38-28" href="#__codelineno-38-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-29" name="__codelineno-38-29" href="#__codelineno-38-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-30" name="__codelineno-38-30" href="#__codelineno-38-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Access top element ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-31" name="__codelineno-38-31" href="#__codelineno-38-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-32" name="__codelineno-38-32" href="#__codelineno-38-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Stack is empty'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-33" name="__codelineno-38-33" href="#__codelineno-38-33"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-34" name="__codelineno-38-34" href="#__codelineno-38-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">last</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-35" name="__codelineno-38-35" href="#__codelineno-38-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-36" name="__codelineno-38-36" href="#__codelineno-38-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-37" name="__codelineno-38-37" href="#__codelineno-38-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Return list for printing ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-38" name="__codelineno-38-38" href="#__codelineno-38-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-39" name="__codelineno-38-39" href="#__codelineno-38-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@stack</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-40" name="__codelineno-38-40" href="#__codelineno-38-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-41" name="__codelineno-38-41" href="#__codelineno-38-41"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="513-comparison-of-the-two-implementations">5.1.3 Comparison of the Two Implementations<a class="headerlink" href="#513-comparison-of-the-two-implementations" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><strong>Supported Operations</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Both implementations support all operations defined by the stack. The array implementation additionally supports random access, but this goes beyond the stack definition and is generally not used.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Time Efficiency</strong></p>
|
||
<p>In the array-based implementation, both push and pop operations occur in pre-allocated contiguous memory, which has good cache locality and is therefore more efficient. However, if pushing exceeds the array capacity, it triggers an expansion mechanism, causing the time complexity of that particular push operation to become <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span>.</p>
|
||
<p>In the linked list-based implementation, list expansion is very flexible, and there is no issue of reduced efficiency due to array expansion. However, the push operation requires initializing a node object and modifying pointers, so it is relatively less efficient. Nevertheless, if the pushed elements are already node objects, the initialization step can be omitted, thereby improving efficiency.</p>
|
||
<p>In summary, when the elements pushed and popped are basic data types such as <code>int</code> or <code>double</code>, we can draw the following conclusions:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The array-based stack implementation has reduced efficiency when expansion is triggered, but since expansion is an infrequent operation, the average efficiency is higher.</li>
|
||
<li>The linked list-based stack implementation can provide more stable efficiency performance.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>Space Efficiency</strong></p>
|
||
<p>When initializing a list, the system allocates an "initial capacity" that may exceed the actual need. Additionally, the expansion mechanism typically expands at a specific ratio (e.g., 2x), and the capacity after expansion may also exceed actual needs. Therefore, <strong>the array-based stack implementation may cause some space wastage</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>However, since linked list nodes need to store additional pointers, <strong>the space occupied by linked list nodes is relatively large</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>In summary, we cannot simply determine which implementation is more memory-efficient and need to analyze the specific situation.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="514-typical-applications-of-stack">5.1.4 Typical Applications of Stack<a class="headerlink" href="#514-typical-applications-of-stack" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Back and forward in browsers, undo and redo in software</strong>. Every time we open a new webpage, the browser pushes the previous page onto the stack, allowing us to return to the previous page via the back operation. The back operation is essentially performing a pop. To support both back and forward, two stacks are needed to work together.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Program memory management</strong>. Each time a function is called, the system adds a stack frame to the top of the stack to record the function's context information. During recursion, the downward recursive phase continuously performs push operations, while the upward backtracking phase continuously performs pop operations.</li>
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