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7.1.3 &nbsp; 二分木の一般的な種類
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1. &nbsp; 完全二分木
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2. &nbsp; 完備二分木
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3. &nbsp; 満二分木
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4. &nbsp; 平衡二分木
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7.1.4 &nbsp; 二分木の退化
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7.2 &nbsp; 二分木の走査
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7.3 &nbsp; 木の配列表現
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7.4 &nbsp; 二分探索木
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7.5 &nbsp; AVL木 *
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7.6 &nbsp; まとめ
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第 8 章 &nbsp; ヒープ
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第 8 章 &nbsp; ヒープ
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8.1 &nbsp; ヒープ
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8.2 &nbsp; ヒープの構築
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第 9 章 &nbsp; グラフ
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第 9 章 &nbsp; グラフ
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9.1 &nbsp; グラフ
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9.2 &nbsp; グラフの基本操作
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9.3 &nbsp; グラフの走査
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第 10 章 &nbsp; 探索
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第 10 章 &nbsp; 探索
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10.1 &nbsp; 二分探索
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10.2 &nbsp; 二分探索挿入点
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10.3 &nbsp; 二分探索の境界
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10.4 &nbsp; ハッシュ最適化戦略
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10.5 &nbsp; 探索アルゴリズム再考
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10.6 &nbsp; まとめ
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第 11 章 &nbsp; ソート
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第 11 章 &nbsp; ソート
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11.1 &nbsp; ソートアルゴリズム
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11.2 &nbsp; 選択ソート
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11.3 &nbsp; バブルソート
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11.4 &nbsp; 挿入ソート
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11.5 &nbsp; クイックソート
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11.6 &nbsp; マージソート
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11.7 &nbsp; ヒープソート
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11.8 &nbsp; バケットソート
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11.9 &nbsp; 計数ソート
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11.10 &nbsp; 基数ソート
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11.11 &nbsp; まとめ
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第 12 章 &nbsp; 分割統治
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12.1 &nbsp; 分割統治アルゴリズム
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12.2 &nbsp; 分割統治探索戦略
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12.3 &nbsp; 二分木構築問題
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12.4 &nbsp; ハノイの塔問題
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12.5 &nbsp; まとめ
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第 13 章 &nbsp; バックトラッキング
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第 13 章 &nbsp; バックトラッキング
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13.1 &nbsp; バックトラッキングアルゴリズム
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13.2 &nbsp; 順列問題
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13.3 &nbsp; 部分集合和問題
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13.4 &nbsp; Nクイーン問題
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第 14 章 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング
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<h1 id="71">7.1 &nbsp; 二分木<a class="headerlink" href="#71" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p><u>二分木</u>は、祖先と子孫の間の階層関係を表現し、「二つに分割する」分割統治法の論理を体現する非線形データ構造です。連結リストと同様に、二分木の基本単位はノードであり、各ノードは値、左の子ノードへの参照、右の子ノードへの参照を含みます。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;二分木ノード&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="c1"># ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="cm">/* コンストラクタ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Right</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">left</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">right</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">rc</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">cell</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* コンストラクタ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Rc</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">height</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノードの高さ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへのポインタ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="cm">/* コンストラクタ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木ノード */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ノード値</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">left</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode? </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 左の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">right</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode? </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右の子ノードへの参照</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>ードは2つの参照ポインタを持ち、それぞれ<u>左の子ノード</u><u>右の子ノード</u>を指しています。このードは、これら2つの子ードの<u>親ノード</u>と呼ばれます。二分木のノードが与えられたとき、このノードの左の子とその下にあるすべてのノードで形成される木を、このノードの<u>左部分木</u>と呼びます。同様に、<u>右部分木</u>も定義できます。</p>
<p><strong>二分木では、葉ノードを除いて、他のすべてのノードは子ノードと空でない部分木を含みます。</strong> 下図に示すように、「ード2」を親ードとして見ると、その左と右の子ードはそれぞれ「ード4」と「ード5」です。左部分木は「ード4」とその下にあるすべてのードで形成され、右部分木は「ード5」とその下にあるすべてのードで形成されます。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_definition.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="親ノード、子ノード、部分木" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_definition.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-1 &nbsp; 親ノード、子ノード、部分木 </p>
<h2 id="711">7.1.1 &nbsp; 二分木の一般的な用語<a class="headerlink" href="#711" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>二分木でよく使用される用語を下図に示します。</p>
<ul>
<li><u>根ノード</u>:二分木の最上位レベルにあるノードで、親ノードを持ちません。</li>
<li><u>葉ノード</u>:子ノードを持たないノードで、両方のポインタが<code>None</code>を指しています。</li>
<li><u></u>2つのードを結ぶ線分で、ード間の参照ポインタを表現します。</li>
<li>ノードの<u>レベル</u>上から下に向かって増加し、根ードがレベル1です。</li>
<li>ノードの<u>次数</u>ードが持つ子ードの数です。二分木では、次数は0、1、または2になります。</li>
<li>二分木の<u>高さ</u>:根ノードから最も遠い葉ノードまでの辺の数です。</li>
<li>ノードの<u>深さ</u>:根ノードからそのノードまでの辺の数です。</li>
<li>ノードの<u>高さ</u>:最も遠い葉ノードからそのノードまでの辺の数です。</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_terminology.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="二分木の一般的な用語" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_terminology.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-2 &nbsp; 二分木の一般的な用語 </p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>「高さ」と「深さ」は通常「通過する辺の数」として定義しますが、一部の問題や教科書では「通過するードの数」として定義されることがあります。この場合、高さと深さの両方を1だけ増やす必要があります。</p>
</div>
<h2 id="712">7.1.2 &nbsp; 二分木の基本操作<a class="headerlink" href="#712" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 二分木の初期化<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>連結リストと同様に、二分木の初期化では、まずノードを作成し、次にそれらの間の参照(ポインタ)を確立します。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_13" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_2_13">Ruby</label></div>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="c1"># 二分木の初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="c1"># ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="n">n1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="n">n2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="n">n3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="n">n4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="n">n5</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="c1"># ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n5</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="nx">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="nx">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="nx">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n5</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二分木の初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="c1">// ノードの初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="c1">// ノード間の参照(ポインタ)を結ぶ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; ノードの挿入と削除<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>連結リストと同様に、二分木でのノードの挿入と削除はポインタを変更することで実現できます。下図に例を示します。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_add_remove.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="二分木でのノードの挿入と削除" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_add_remove.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-3 &nbsp; 二分木でのノードの挿入と削除 </p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_13" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_3_13">Ruby</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1"># ノードの挿入と削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="c1"># n1 -&gt; n2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="c1"># ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n2</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-6" name="__codelineno-28-6" href="#__codelineno-28-6"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">NewTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6" href="#__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-7" name="__codelineno-30-7" href="#__codelineno-30-7"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kr">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="nx">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-7" name="__codelineno-32-7" href="#__codelineno-32-7"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="nx">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-7" name="__codelineno-33-7" href="#__codelineno-33-7"></a><span class="nx">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-7" name="__codelineno-34-7" href="#__codelineno-34-7"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">);</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* ノードの挿入と削除 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newTreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5" href="#__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-6" name="__codelineno-36-6" href="#__codelineno-36-6"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-7" name="__codelineno-36-7" href="#__codelineno-36-7"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">P</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TreeNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="c1">// n1とn2の間にードPを挿入</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">P</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="n">P</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="c1">// ードPを削除</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>ノードの挿入は二分木の元の論理構造を変更する可能性があり、ノードの削除は通常そのノードとそのすべての部分木を削除することになることに注意してください。したがって、二分木では、挿入と削除は通常一連の操作を通じて実行され、意味のある結果を得ます。</p>
</div>
<h2 id="713">7.1.3 &nbsp; 二分木の一般的な種類<a class="headerlink" href="#713" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<h3 id="1_1">1. &nbsp; 完全二分木<a class="headerlink" href="#1_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>下図に示すように、<u>完全二分木</u>では、すべてのレベルがノードで完全に埋められています。完全二分木では、葉ノードの次数は<span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>で、他のすべてのノードの次数は<span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span>です。ノードの総数は<span class="arithmatex">\(2^{h+1} - 1\)</span>として計算でき、ここで<span class="arithmatex">\(h\)</span>は木の高さです。これは標準的な指数関係を示し、自然界の細胞分裂の一般的な現象を反映しています。</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>中国語圏では、完全二分木はしばしば<u>満二分木</u>と呼ばれることに注意してください。</p>
</div>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/perfect_binary_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="完全二分木" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/perfect_binary_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-4 &nbsp; 完全二分木 </p>
<h3 id="2_1">2. &nbsp; 完備二分木<a class="headerlink" href="#2_1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>下図に示すように、<u>完備二分木</u>は、最下位レベルのみが完全に埋められていない可能性がある二分木で、最下位レベルのノードは左から右に連続して埋められる必要があります。完全二分木は完備二分木でもあることに注意してください。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/complete_binary_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="完備二分木" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/complete_binary_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-5 &nbsp; 完備二分木 </p>
<h3 id="3">3. &nbsp; 満二分木<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>下図に示すように、<u>満二分木</u>では、葉ードを除いて、他のすべてのードが2つの子ードを持ちます。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/full_binary_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="満二分木" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/full_binary_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-6 &nbsp; 満二分木 </p>
<h3 id="4">4. &nbsp; 平衡二分木<a class="headerlink" href="#4" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>下図に示すように、<u>平衡二分木</u>では、任意のードの左と右の部分木の高さの絶対差が1を超えません。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/balanced_binary_tree.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="平衡二分木" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/balanced_binary_tree.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-7 &nbsp; 平衡二分木 </p>
<h2 id="714">7.1.4 &nbsp; 二分木の退化<a class="headerlink" href="#714" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>下図は、二分木の理想的な構造と退化した構造を示しています。二分木は、すべてのレベルが埋められているときに「完全二分木」になり、すべてのノードが一方に偏っているときに「連結リスト」に退化します。</p>
<ul>
<li>完全二分木は、二分木の「分割統治法」の利点を十分に活用できる理想的なシナリオです。</li>
<li>一方、連結リストは別の極端を表し、すべての操作が線形になり、時間計算量が<span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span>になります。</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_best_worst_cases.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="二分木の最良と最悪の構造" class="animation-figure" src="../binary_tree.assets/binary_tree_best_worst_cases.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 7-8 &nbsp; 二分木の最良と最悪の構造 </p>
<p>下表に示すように、最良と最悪の構造では、二分木は葉ノード数、総ノード数、高さの最大値または最小値を達成します。</p>
<p align="center"> 表 7-1 &nbsp; 二分木の最良と最悪の構造 </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>完全二分木</th>
<th>連結リスト</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>レベル<span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span>のノード数</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(2^{i-1}\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>高さ<span class="arithmatex">\(h\)</span>の木の葉ノード数</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(2^h\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>高さ<span class="arithmatex">\(h\)</span>の木の総ノード数</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(2^{h+1} - 1\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(h + 1\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>総ノード数<span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>の木の高さ</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(\log_2 (n+1) - 1\)</span></td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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