Files
hello-algo/ja/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/index.html
krahets 0202061e81 deploy
2025-10-17 05:33:28 +08:00

4683 lines
223 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters
This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
<!doctype html>
<html lang="ja" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="アニメーションで図解、ワンクリック実行のデータ構造とアルゴリズムチュートリアル">
<meta name="author" content="krahets">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.hello-algo.com/ja/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/">
<link rel="prev" href="../">
<link rel="next" href="../queue/">
<link rel="icon" href="../../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.5">
<title>5.1   スタック - Hello アルゴリズム</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/main.50c56a3b.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+JP:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CFira+Code:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback">
<style>:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans JP";--md-code-font:"Fira Code"}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../stylesheets/extra.css">
<script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script>
<link href="../../assets/stylesheets/glightbox.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
html.glightbox-open { overflow: initial; height: 100%; }
.gslide-title { margin-top: 0px; user-select: text; }
.gslide-desc { color: #666; user-select: text; }
.gslide-image img { background: white; }
.gscrollbar-fixer { padding-right: 15px; }
.gdesc-inner { font-size: 0.75rem; }
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gdesc-inner { background: var(--md-default-bg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-title { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}
body[data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .gslide-desc { color: var(--md-default-fg-color);}</style> <script src="../../assets/javascripts/glightbox.min.js"></script></head>
<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
<a href="#51" class="md-skip">
コンテンツにスキップ
</a>
</div>
<div data-md-component="announce">
<aside class="md-banner">
<div class="md-banner__inner md-grid md-typeset">
<div class="banner-svg">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path
d="M480 32c0-12.9-7.8-24.6-19.8-29.6s-25.7-2.2-34.9 6.9L381.7 53c-48 48-113.1 75-181 75H192 160 64c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v96c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64l0 128c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32h64c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V352l8.7 0c67.9 0 133 27 181 75l43.6 43.6c9.2 9.2 22.9 11.9 34.9 6.9s19.8-16.6 19.8-29.6V300.4c18.6-8.8 32-32.5 32-60.4s-13.4-51.6-32-60.4V32zm-64 76.7V240 371.3C357.2 317.8 280.5 288 200.7 288H192V192h8.7c79.8 0 156.5-29.8 215.3-83.3z" />
</svg>
<span>日本語版審閱者を募集しています!詳細は <a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/blob/main/ja/CONTRIBUTING.md">CONTRIBUTING.md</a> を参照してください。</span>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label="ヘッダー">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hello アルゴリズム
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1 &nbsp; スタック
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ダークモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_0">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ダークモード" for="__palette_1" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z"/></svg>
</label>
<input class="md-option" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-accent="teal" aria-label="ライトモード" type="radio" name="__palette" id="__palette_1">
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="ライトモード" for="__palette_0" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z"/></svg>
</label>
</form>
<script>var media,input,key,value,palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){"(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media&&(media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']"),palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent"));for([key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script>
<div class="md-header__option">
<div class="md-select">
<button class="md-header__button md-icon" aria-label="言語切り替え">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.52 17.52 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11.76-2.04M18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2l-4.5-12m-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17h-3.24Z"/></svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
<li class="md-select__item">
<a href="/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" hreflang="zh" class="md-select__link">
简体中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a href="/zh-hant/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" hreflang="zh-Hant" class="md-select__link">
繁體中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a href="/en/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" hreflang="en" class="md-select__link">
English
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a href="/ja/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" hreflang="ja" class="md-select__link">
日本語
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="検索" placeholder="検索" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
</label>
<nav class="md-search__options" aria-label="検索">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="共有" aria-label="共有" data-clipboard data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7 0-.24-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91 1.61 0 2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08Z"/></svg>
</a>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" title="クリア" aria-label="クリア" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z"/></svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest"></div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
検索を初期化
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="ナビゲーション" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="../.." title="Hello アルゴリズム" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Hello アルゴリズム" data-md-component="logo">
<img src="../../assets/images/logo.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
Hello アルゴリズム
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="リポジトリへ" class="md-source" data-md-component="source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_hello_algo/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m13.13 22.19-1.63-3.83c1.57-.58 3.04-1.36 4.4-2.27l-2.77 6.1M5.64 12.5l-3.83-1.63 6.1-2.77C7 9.46 6.22 10.93 5.64 12.5M19.22 4c.28 0 .53 0 .74.05.17 1.39-.02 4.25-3.3 7.53-1.7 1.71-3.73 3.02-6.01 3.89l-2.15-2.1c.92-2.31 2.23-4.34 3.92-6.03C15.18 4.58 17.64 4 19.22 4m0-2c-1.98 0-4.98.69-8.22 3.93-2.19 2.19-3.5 4.6-4.35 6.71-.28.75-.09 1.57.46 2.13l2.13 2.12c.38.38.89.61 1.42.61.23 0 .47-.06.7-.15A19.1 19.1 0 0 0 18.07 13c5.66-5.66 3.54-10.61 3.54-10.61S20.7 2 19.22 2m-4.68 7.46c-.78-.78-.78-2.05 0-2.83s2.05-.78 2.83 0c.77.78.78 2.05 0 2.83-.78.78-2.05.78-2.83 0m-5.66 7.07-1.41-1.41 1.41 1.41M6.24 22l3.64-3.64c-.34-.09-.67-.24-.97-.45L4.83 22h1.41M2 22h1.41l4.77-4.76-1.42-1.41L2 20.59V22m0-2.83 4.09-4.08c-.21-.3-.36-.62-.45-.97L2 17.76v1.41Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
はじめに
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
はじめに
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 4H3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M3 19V6h8v13H3m18 0h-8V6h8v13m-7-9.5h6V11h-6V9.5m0 2.5h6v1.5h-6V12m0 2.5h6V16h-6v-1.5Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 0 章 &nbsp; 前書き
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 0 章 &nbsp; 前書き
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/about_the_book/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.1 &nbsp; この本について
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/suggestions/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.2 &nbsp; 本書の使い方
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_preface/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.3 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_introduction/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2m0 16H5V5h14v14M6.2 7.7h5v1.5h-5V7.7m6.8 8.1h5v1.5h-5v-1.5m0-2.6h5v1.5h-5v-1.5M8 18h1.5v-2h2v-1.5h-2v-2H8v2H6V16h2v2m6.1-7.1 1.4-1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1-1-1.4-1.4L18 7.1 16.9 6l-1.4 1.4L14.1 6 13 7.1l1.4 1.4L13 9.9l1.1 1Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 1 章 &nbsp; アルゴリズムとの出会い
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 1 章 &nbsp; アルゴリズムとの出会い
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.1 &nbsp; アルゴリズムはどこにでもある
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.2 &nbsp; アルゴリズムとは何か
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_introduction/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.3 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 2 章 &nbsp; 計算量解析
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 2 章 &nbsp; 計算量解析
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.1 &nbsp; アルゴリズム効率評価
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.2 &nbsp; 反復と再帰
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.3 &nbsp; 時間計算量
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.4 &nbsp; 空間計算量
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.5 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 13.5v8H3v-8h8m-2 2H5v4h4v-4M12 2l5.5 9h-11L12 2m0 3.86L10.08 9h3.84L12 5.86M17.5 13c2.5 0 4.5 2 4.5 4.5S20 22 17.5 22 13 20 13 17.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5m0 2a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 3 章 &nbsp; データ構造
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 3 章 &nbsp; データ構造
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.1 &nbsp; データ構造の分類
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.2 &nbsp; 基本データ型
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.3 &nbsp; 数値エンコーディング *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.4 &nbsp; 文字エンコーディング *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.5 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 5v14h17V5H3m4 2v2H5V7h2m-2 6v-2h2v2H5m0 2h2v2H5v-2m13 2H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9V7h9v2Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 4 章 &nbsp; 配列と連結リスト
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 4 章 &nbsp; 配列と連結リスト
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.1 &nbsp; 配列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.2 &nbsp; 連結リスト
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.3 &nbsp; リスト
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.4 &nbsp; メモリとキャッシュ *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.5 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" checked>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 5 章 &nbsp; スタックとキュー
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="true">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 5 章 &nbsp; スタックとキュー
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1 &nbsp; スタック
</span>
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1 &nbsp; スタック
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
目次
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#511" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.1 &nbsp; スタックの一般的な操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#512" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.2 &nbsp; スタックの実装
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="5.1.2   スタックの実装">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#1" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1. &nbsp; 連結リストベースの実装
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#2" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2. &nbsp; 配列ベースの実装
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#513-2" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.3 &nbsp; 2つの実装の比較
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#514" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.4 &nbsp; スタックの典型的な応用
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../queue/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.2 &nbsp; キュー
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../deque/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.3 &nbsp; 両端キュー
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.4 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 6 章 &nbsp; ハッシュ表
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 6 章 &nbsp; ハッシュ表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.1 &nbsp; ハッシュ表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.2 &nbsp; ハッシュ衝突
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.3 &nbsp; ハッシュアルゴリズム
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.4 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 7 章 &nbsp;
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 7 章 &nbsp;
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.1 &nbsp; 二分木
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.2 &nbsp; 二分木の走査
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.3 &nbsp; 木の配列表現
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.4 &nbsp; 二分探索木
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.5 &nbsp; AVL木 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.6 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 8 章 &nbsp; ヒープ
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 8 章 &nbsp; ヒープ
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.1 &nbsp; ヒープ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.2 &nbsp; ヒープの構築
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.3 &nbsp; Top-k問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.4 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 9 章 &nbsp; グラフ
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 9 章 &nbsp; グラフ
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.1 &nbsp; グラフ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.2 &nbsp; グラフの基本操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.3 &nbsp; グラフの走査
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.4 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 10 章 &nbsp; 探索
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 10 章 &nbsp; 探索
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.1 &nbsp; 二分探索
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.2 &nbsp; 二分探索挿入点
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.3 &nbsp; 二分探索の境界
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.4 &nbsp; ハッシュ最適化戦略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.5 &nbsp; 探索アルゴリズム再考
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.6 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 11 章 &nbsp; ソート
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 11 章 &nbsp; ソート
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.1 &nbsp; ソートアルゴリズム
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.2 &nbsp; 選択ソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.3 &nbsp; バブルソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.4 &nbsp; 挿入ソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.5 &nbsp; クイックソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.6 &nbsp; マージソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.7 &nbsp; ヒープソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.8 &nbsp; バケットソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.9 &nbsp; 計数ソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.10 &nbsp; 基数ソート
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.11 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 12 章 &nbsp; 分割統治
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 12 章 &nbsp; 分割統治
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.1 &nbsp; 分割統治アルゴリズム
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.2 &nbsp; 分割統治探索戦略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.3 &nbsp; 二分木構築問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.4 &nbsp; ハノイの塔問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.5 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 13 章 &nbsp; バックトラッキング
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 13 章 &nbsp; バックトラッキング
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.1 &nbsp; バックトラッキングアルゴリズム
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.2 &nbsp; 順列問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.3 &nbsp; 部分集合和問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.4 &nbsp; Nクイーン問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.5 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3 3 3m0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4v4m0 2v4h4v-4H4m4 10v-4H4v4h4m6-12V4h-4v4h4m6-4h-4v4h4V4Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 14 章 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 14 章 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.1 &nbsp; 動的プログラミング入門
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.2 &nbsp; DP問題の特性
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.3 &nbsp; DP問題解決アプローチ
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.4 &nbsp; 0-1ナップサック問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.5 &nbsp; 無制限ナップサック問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.6 &nbsp; 編集距離問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.7 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_17" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_greedy/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 3c3.88 0 7 3.14 7 7 0 2.8-1.63 5.19-4 6.31V21H9v-3H8c-1.11 0-2-.89-2-2v-3H4.5c-.42 0-.66-.5-.42-.81L6 9.66A7.003 7.003 0 0 1 13 3m0-2C8.41 1 4.61 4.42 4.06 8.9L2.5 11h-.03l-.02.03c-.55.76-.62 1.76-.19 2.59.36.69 1 1.17 1.74 1.32V16c0 1.85 1.28 3.42 3 3.87V23h11v-5.5c2.5-1.67 4-4.44 4-7.5 0-4.97-4.04-9-9-9m4 7.83c0 1.54-1.36 2.77-3.42 4.64L13 14l-.58-.53C10.36 11.6 9 10.37 9 8.83c0-1.2.96-2.19 2.16-2.2h.04c.69 0 1.35.31 1.8.83.45-.52 1.11-.83 1.8-.83 1.2-.01 2.2.96 2.2 2.16v.04Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 15 章 &nbsp; 貪欲法
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 15 章 &nbsp; 貪欲法
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.1 &nbsp; 貪欲アルゴリズム
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.2 &nbsp; 分数ナップサック問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.3 &nbsp; 最大容量問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.4 &nbsp; 最大積切断問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_greedy/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.5 &nbsp; まとめ
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_18" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_appendix/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 18h2v-2h-2v2m1-16A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8m0-14a4 4 0 0 0-4 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 2-3 1.75-3 5h2c0-2.25 3-2.5 3-5a4 4 0 0 0-4-4Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 16 章 &nbsp; 付録
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
第 16 章 &nbsp; 付録
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_appendix/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.1 &nbsp; プログラミング環境のインストール
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_appendix/contribution/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.2 &nbsp; 一緒に創作に参加
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_appendix/terminology/" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.3 &nbsp; 用語集
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_19" >
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_reference/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9 3v15h3V3H9m3 2 4 13 3-1-4-13-3 1M5 5v13h3V5H5M3 19v2h18v-2H3Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
参考文献
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
参考文献
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目次">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
目次
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#511" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.1 &nbsp; スタックの一般的な操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#512" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.2 &nbsp; スタックの実装
</span>
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="5.1.2   スタックの実装">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#1" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1. &nbsp; 連結リストベースの実装
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#2" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2. &nbsp; 配列ベースの実装
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#513-2" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.3 &nbsp; 2つの実装の比較
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#514" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1.4 &nbsp; スタックの典型的な応用
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<!-- Tags -->
<!-- Actions -->
<!-- Actions -->
<!-- Edit button -->
<a
href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/ja/docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.md"
title="編集"
class="md-content__button md-icon"
>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0zM88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24H88z"/></svg>
</a>
<!-- View button -->
<!-- Page content -->
<h1 id="51">5.1 &nbsp; スタック<a class="headerlink" href="#51" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p><u>スタック</u>は、後入先出LIFOの原則に従う線形データ構造です。</p>
<p>スタックをテーブル上の皿の山に例えることができます。底の皿にアクセスするには、まず上の皿を取り除く必要があります。皿を様々な種類の要素(整数、文字、オブジェクトなど)に置き換えることで、スタックと呼ばれるデータ構造を得ることができます。</p>
<p>下図に示すように、要素の山の上部を「スタックのトップ」、下部を「スタックのボトム」と呼びます。スタックのトップに要素を追加する操作を「プッシュ」、トップ要素を削除する操作を「ポップ」と呼びます。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/stack_operations.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="スタックの後入先出ルール" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/stack_operations.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 図 5-1 &nbsp; スタックの後入先出ルール </p>
<h2 id="511">5.1.1 &nbsp; スタックの一般的な操作<a class="headerlink" href="#511" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>スタックの一般的な操作を下表に示します。具体的なメソッド名は使用するプログラミング言語によって異なります。ここでは、例として<code>push()</code><code>pop()</code><code>peek()</code>を使用します。</p>
<p align="center"> 表 5-1 &nbsp; スタック操作の効率 </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>メソッド</th>
<th>説明</th>
<th>時間計算量</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>push()</code></td>
<td>要素をスタックにプッシュ(トップに追加)</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pop()</code></td>
<td>スタックからトップ要素をポップ</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>peek()</code></td>
<td>スタックのトップ要素にアクセス</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>通常、プログラミング言語に組み込まれているスタッククラスを直接使用できます。ただし、一部の言語では具体的にスタッククラスを提供していない場合があります。これらの場合、言語の「配列」または「連結リスト」をスタックとして使用し、プログラムでスタックロジックに関連しない操作を無視できます。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># スタックを初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="c1"># Pythonには組み込みのスタッククラスがないため、listをスタックとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="c1"># 要素をスタックにプッシュ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="c1"># スタックのトップ要素にアクセス</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="c1"># スタックから要素をポップ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="c1"># スタックの長さを取得</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="c1"># スタックが空かどうかチェック</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 戻り値なし</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="n">Stack</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack_test.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// Goでは、Sliceをスタックとして使用することが推奨されます</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// Swiftには組み込みのスタッククラスがないため、Arrayをスタックとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">last</span><span class="p">!</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">removeLast</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScriptには組み込みのスタッククラスがないため、Arrayをスタックとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScriptには組み込みのスタッククラスがないため、Arrayをスタックとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="c1">// Dartには組み込みのスタッククラスがないため、Listをスタックとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックを初期化 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="c1">// Vecをスタックとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="cm">/* 要素をスタックにプッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックのトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックから要素をポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかチェック */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="c1">// Cは組み込みのスタックを提供していません</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">stack.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="512">5.1.2 &nbsp; スタックの実装<a class="headerlink" href="#512" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>スタックがどのように動作するかをより深く理解するために、自分でスタッククラスを実装してみましょう。</p>
<p>スタックは後入先出の原則に従うため、スタックのトップでのみ要素を追加または削除できます。しかし、配列と連結リストの両方は任意の位置で要素を追加・削除できるため、<strong>スタックは制限された配列または連結リストと見なすことができます</strong>。言い換えれば、配列や連結リストの特定の無関係な操作を「遮蔽」して、外部の動作をスタックの特性に合わせることができます。</p>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 連結リストベースの実装<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>連結リストを使用してスタックを実装する場合、リストのヘッドノードをスタックのトップ、テールノードをスタックのボトムと考えることができます。</p>
<p>下図に示すように、プッシュ操作では、単に連結リストのヘッドに要素を挿入します。このノード挿入方法は「ヘッド挿入」として知られています。ポップ操作では、リストからヘッドノードを削除するだけです。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">LinkedListStack</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">push()</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">pop()</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="連結リストによるスタック実装のプッシュとポップ操作" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step1.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step2_push.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="linkedlist_stack_push" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step2_push.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step3_pop.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="linkedlist_stack_pop" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/linkedlist_stack_step3_pop.png" /></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p align="center"> 図 5-2 &nbsp; 連結リストによるスタック実装のプッシュとポップ操作 </p>
<p>以下は、連結リストに基づくスタック実装のサンプルコードです:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_13" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_14" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_3_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_3_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;連結リストベースのスタッククラス&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;コンストラクタ&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;スタックの長さを取得&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;スタックが空かどうかを判定&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;プッシュ&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;ポップ&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">num</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-32" name="__codelineno-13-32" href="#__codelineno-13-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;スタックトップ要素にアクセス&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-33" name="__codelineno-13-33" href="#__codelineno-13-33"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-34" name="__codelineno-13-34" href="#__codelineno-13-34"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-35" name="__codelineno-13-35" href="#__codelineno-13-35"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-36" name="__codelineno-13-36" href="#__codelineno-13-36"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-37" name="__codelineno-13-37" href="#__codelineno-13-37"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-38" name="__codelineno-13-38" href="#__codelineno-13-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;出力用のリストに変換&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-39" name="__codelineno-13-39" href="#__codelineno-13-39"></a> <span class="n">arr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-40" name="__codelineno-13-40" href="#__codelineno-13-40"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_peek</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-41" name="__codelineno-13-41" href="#__codelineno-13-41"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-42" name="__codelineno-13-42" href="#__codelineno-13-42"></a> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-43" name="__codelineno-13-43" href="#__codelineno-13-43"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-44" name="__codelineno-13-44" href="#__codelineno-13-44"></a> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-45" name="__codelineno-13-45" href="#__codelineno-13-45"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">arr</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 連結リストに基づくスタッククラス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 先頭ノードをスタックトップとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// スタックの長さ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 連結リストを走査、ノードを削除、メモリを解放</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freeMemoryLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16" href="#__codelineno-14-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17" href="#__codelineno-14-17"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-19" name="__codelineno-14-19" href="#__codelineno-14-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20" href="#__codelineno-14-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-21" name="__codelineno-14-21" href="#__codelineno-14-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-22" name="__codelineno-14-22" href="#__codelineno-14-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-23" name="__codelineno-14-23" href="#__codelineno-14-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかを判定 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-24" name="__codelineno-14-24" href="#__codelineno-14-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25" href="#__codelineno-14-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-26" name="__codelineno-14-26" href="#__codelineno-14-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-27" name="__codelineno-14-27" href="#__codelineno-14-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-28" name="__codelineno-14-28" href="#__codelineno-14-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* プッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-29" name="__codelineno-14-29" href="#__codelineno-14-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-30" name="__codelineno-14-30" href="#__codelineno-14-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-31" name="__codelineno-14-31" href="#__codelineno-14-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-32" name="__codelineno-14-32" href="#__codelineno-14-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-33" name="__codelineno-14-33" href="#__codelineno-14-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-34" name="__codelineno-14-34" href="#__codelineno-14-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-35" name="__codelineno-14-35" href="#__codelineno-14-35"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-36" name="__codelineno-14-36" href="#__codelineno-14-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* ポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-37" name="__codelineno-14-37" href="#__codelineno-14-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-38" name="__codelineno-14-38" href="#__codelineno-14-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-39" name="__codelineno-14-39" href="#__codelineno-14-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-40" name="__codelineno-14-40" href="#__codelineno-14-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-41" name="__codelineno-14-41" href="#__codelineno-14-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// メモリを解放</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-42" name="__codelineno-14-42" href="#__codelineno-14-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-43" name="__codelineno-14-43" href="#__codelineno-14-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-44" name="__codelineno-14-44" href="#__codelineno-14-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-45" name="__codelineno-14-45" href="#__codelineno-14-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-46" name="__codelineno-14-46" href="#__codelineno-14-46"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-47" name="__codelineno-14-47" href="#__codelineno-14-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-48" name="__codelineno-14-48" href="#__codelineno-14-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-49" name="__codelineno-14-49" href="#__codelineno-14-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-50" name="__codelineno-14-50" href="#__codelineno-14-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-51" name="__codelineno-14-51" href="#__codelineno-14-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-52" name="__codelineno-14-52" href="#__codelineno-14-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-53" name="__codelineno-14-53" href="#__codelineno-14-53"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-54" name="__codelineno-14-54" href="#__codelineno-14-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* リストを配列に変換して返却 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-55" name="__codelineno-14-55" href="#__codelineno-14-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toVector</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-56" name="__codelineno-14-56" href="#__codelineno-14-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackTop</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-57" name="__codelineno-14-57" href="#__codelineno-14-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">());</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-58" name="__codelineno-14-58" href="#__codelineno-14-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-59" name="__codelineno-14-59" href="#__codelineno-14-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-60" name="__codelineno-14-60" href="#__codelineno-14-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-61" name="__codelineno-14-61" href="#__codelineno-14-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-62" name="__codelineno-14-62" href="#__codelineno-14-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-63" name="__codelineno-14-63" href="#__codelineno-14-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-64" name="__codelineno-14-64" href="#__codelineno-14-64"></a><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 連結リストに基づくスタッククラス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">LinkedListStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ヘッドノードをスタックトップとして使用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// スタックの長さ</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかを判定 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* プッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-24" name="__codelineno-15-24" href="#__codelineno-15-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-25" name="__codelineno-15-25" href="#__codelineno-15-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-26" name="__codelineno-15-26" href="#__codelineno-15-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-27" name="__codelineno-15-27" href="#__codelineno-15-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-28" name="__codelineno-15-28" href="#__codelineno-15-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* ポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-29" name="__codelineno-15-29" href="#__codelineno-15-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-30" name="__codelineno-15-30" href="#__codelineno-15-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-31" name="__codelineno-15-31" href="#__codelineno-15-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-32" name="__codelineno-15-32" href="#__codelineno-15-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stkSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-33" name="__codelineno-15-33" href="#__codelineno-15-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-34" name="__codelineno-15-34" href="#__codelineno-15-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-35" name="__codelineno-15-35" href="#__codelineno-15-35"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-36" name="__codelineno-15-36" href="#__codelineno-15-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-37" name="__codelineno-15-37" href="#__codelineno-15-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-38" name="__codelineno-15-38" href="#__codelineno-15-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-39" name="__codelineno-15-39" href="#__codelineno-15-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-40" name="__codelineno-15-40" href="#__codelineno-15-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-41" name="__codelineno-15-41" href="#__codelineno-15-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-42" name="__codelineno-15-42" href="#__codelineno-15-42"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-43" name="__codelineno-15-43" href="#__codelineno-15-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* List を Array に変換して返す */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-44" name="__codelineno-15-44" href="#__codelineno-15-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-45" name="__codelineno-15-45" href="#__codelineno-15-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stackPeek</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-46" name="__codelineno-15-46" href="#__codelineno-15-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-47" name="__codelineno-15-47" href="#__codelineno-15-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-48" name="__codelineno-15-48" href="#__codelineno-15-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-49" name="__codelineno-15-49" href="#__codelineno-15-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-50" name="__codelineno-15-50" href="#__codelineno-15-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-51" name="__codelineno-15-51" href="#__codelineno-15-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-52" name="__codelineno-15-52" href="#__codelineno-15-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-53" name="__codelineno-15-53" href="#__codelineno-15-53"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">linkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_stack.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">LinkedListStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 配列ベースの実装<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>配列を使用してスタックを実装する場合、配列の末尾をスタックのトップと考えることができます。下図に示すように、プッシュとポップ操作は、それぞれ配列の末尾での要素の追加と削除に対応し、どちらも時間計算量<span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span>です。</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">ArrayStack</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">push()</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">pop()</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/array_stack_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="配列によるスタック実装のプッシュとポップ操作" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/array_stack_step1.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/array_stack_step2_push.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="array_stack_push" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/array_stack_step2_push.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../stack.assets/array_stack_step3_pop.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="array_stack_pop" class="animation-figure" src="../stack.assets/array_stack_step3_pop.png" /></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p align="center"> 図 5-3 &nbsp; 配列によるスタック実装のプッシュとポップ操作 </p>
<p>スタックにプッシュされる要素が継続的に増加する可能性があるため、動的配列を使用でき、配列拡張を自分で処理する必要がありません。以下はサンプルコードです:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:14"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_14" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label><label for="__tabbed_5_14">Zig</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;配列ベースのスタッククラス&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;コンストラクタ&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;スタックの長さを取得&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-11" name="__codelineno-27-11" href="#__codelineno-27-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-12" name="__codelineno-27-12" href="#__codelineno-27-12"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-13" name="__codelineno-27-13" href="#__codelineno-27-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;スタックが空かどうかを判定&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-14" name="__codelineno-27-14" href="#__codelineno-27-14"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-15" name="__codelineno-27-15" href="#__codelineno-27-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-16" name="__codelineno-27-16" href="#__codelineno-27-16"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-17" name="__codelineno-27-17" href="#__codelineno-27-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;プッシュ&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-18" name="__codelineno-27-18" href="#__codelineno-27-18"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-19" name="__codelineno-27-19" href="#__codelineno-27-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-20" name="__codelineno-27-20" href="#__codelineno-27-20"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-21" name="__codelineno-27-21" href="#__codelineno-27-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;ポップ&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-22" name="__codelineno-27-22" href="#__codelineno-27-22"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-23" name="__codelineno-27-23" href="#__codelineno-27-23"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-24" name="__codelineno-27-24" href="#__codelineno-27-24"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-25" name="__codelineno-27-25" href="#__codelineno-27-25"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-26" name="__codelineno-27-26" href="#__codelineno-27-26"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-27" name="__codelineno-27-27" href="#__codelineno-27-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;スタックトップ要素にアクセス&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-28" name="__codelineno-27-28" href="#__codelineno-27-28"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-29" name="__codelineno-27-29" href="#__codelineno-27-29"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-30" name="__codelineno-27-30" href="#__codelineno-27-30"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-31" name="__codelineno-27-31" href="#__codelineno-27-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-27-32" name="__codelineno-27-32" href="#__codelineno-27-32"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-33" name="__codelineno-27-33" href="#__codelineno-27-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;出力用の配列を返す&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-34" name="__codelineno-27-34" href="#__codelineno-27-34"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stack</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 配列に基づくスタッククラス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-28-6" name="__codelineno-28-6" href="#__codelineno-28-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-7" name="__codelineno-28-7" href="#__codelineno-28-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-8" name="__codelineno-28-8" href="#__codelineno-28-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-9" name="__codelineno-28-9" href="#__codelineno-28-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-10" name="__codelineno-28-10" href="#__codelineno-28-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-11" name="__codelineno-28-11" href="#__codelineno-28-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-28-12" name="__codelineno-28-12" href="#__codelineno-28-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかを判定 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-13" name="__codelineno-28-13" href="#__codelineno-28-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-14" name="__codelineno-28-14" href="#__codelineno-28-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-15" name="__codelineno-28-15" href="#__codelineno-28-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-16" name="__codelineno-28-16" href="#__codelineno-28-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-28-17" name="__codelineno-28-17" href="#__codelineno-28-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* プッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-18" name="__codelineno-28-18" href="#__codelineno-28-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-19" name="__codelineno-28-19" href="#__codelineno-28-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-20" name="__codelineno-28-20" href="#__codelineno-28-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-21" name="__codelineno-28-21" href="#__codelineno-28-21"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-28-22" name="__codelineno-28-22" href="#__codelineno-28-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* ポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-23" name="__codelineno-28-23" href="#__codelineno-28-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-24" name="__codelineno-28-24" href="#__codelineno-28-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-25" name="__codelineno-28-25" href="#__codelineno-28-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_back</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-26" name="__codelineno-28-26" href="#__codelineno-28-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-27" name="__codelineno-28-27" href="#__codelineno-28-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-28" name="__codelineno-28-28" href="#__codelineno-28-28"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-28-29" name="__codelineno-28-29" href="#__codelineno-28-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-30" name="__codelineno-28-30" href="#__codelineno-28-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-31" name="__codelineno-28-31" href="#__codelineno-28-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-32" name="__codelineno-28-32" href="#__codelineno-28-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Stack is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-33" name="__codelineno-28-33" href="#__codelineno-28-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">back</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-34" name="__codelineno-28-34" href="#__codelineno-28-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-35" name="__codelineno-28-35" href="#__codelineno-28-35"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-28-36" name="__codelineno-28-36" href="#__codelineno-28-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Vectorを返却 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-37" name="__codelineno-28-37" href="#__codelineno-28-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toVector</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-38" name="__codelineno-28-38" href="#__codelineno-28-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-39" name="__codelineno-28-39" href="#__codelineno-28-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-40" name="__codelineno-28-40" href="#__codelineno-28-40"></a><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 配列に基づくスタッククラス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayStack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// リスト(動的配列)を初期化</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-8" name="__codelineno-29-8" href="#__codelineno-29-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-9" name="__codelineno-29-9" href="#__codelineno-29-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-10" name="__codelineno-29-10" href="#__codelineno-29-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックの長さを取得 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-11" name="__codelineno-29-11" href="#__codelineno-29-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-12" name="__codelineno-29-12" href="#__codelineno-29-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-13" name="__codelineno-29-13" href="#__codelineno-29-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-14" name="__codelineno-29-14" href="#__codelineno-29-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-15" name="__codelineno-29-15" href="#__codelineno-29-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックが空かどうかを判定 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-16" name="__codelineno-29-16" href="#__codelineno-29-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-17" name="__codelineno-29-17" href="#__codelineno-29-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-18" name="__codelineno-29-18" href="#__codelineno-29-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-19" name="__codelineno-29-19" href="#__codelineno-29-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-20" name="__codelineno-29-20" href="#__codelineno-29-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* プッシュ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-21" name="__codelineno-29-21" href="#__codelineno-29-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-22" name="__codelineno-29-22" href="#__codelineno-29-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-23" name="__codelineno-29-23" href="#__codelineno-29-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-24" name="__codelineno-29-24" href="#__codelineno-29-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-25" name="__codelineno-29-25" href="#__codelineno-29-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* ポップ */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-26" name="__codelineno-29-26" href="#__codelineno-29-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-27" name="__codelineno-29-27" href="#__codelineno-29-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-28" name="__codelineno-29-28" href="#__codelineno-29-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-29" name="__codelineno-29-29" href="#__codelineno-29-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-30" name="__codelineno-29-30" href="#__codelineno-29-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-31" name="__codelineno-29-31" href="#__codelineno-29-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-32" name="__codelineno-29-32" href="#__codelineno-29-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* スタックトップ要素にアクセス */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-33" name="__codelineno-29-33" href="#__codelineno-29-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-34" name="__codelineno-29-34" href="#__codelineno-29-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-35" name="__codelineno-29-35" href="#__codelineno-29-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-36" name="__codelineno-29-36" href="#__codelineno-29-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-37" name="__codelineno-29-37" href="#__codelineno-29-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-38" name="__codelineno-29-38" href="#__codelineno-29-38"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-29-39" name="__codelineno-29-39" href="#__codelineno-29-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* List を Array に変換して返す */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-40" name="__codelineno-29-40" href="#__codelineno-29-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-41" name="__codelineno-29-41" href="#__codelineno-29-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toArray</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-42" name="__codelineno-29-42" href="#__codelineno-29-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-43" name="__codelineno-29-43" href="#__codelineno-29-43"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="na">[class]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">arrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="no">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_stack.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayStack</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="513-2">5.1.3 &nbsp; 2つの実装の比較<a class="headerlink" href="#513-2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p><strong>サポートされる操作</strong></p>
<p>両方の実装は、スタックで定義されたすべての操作をサポートします。配列実装はさらにランダムアクセスをサポートしますが、これはスタック定義の範囲を超えており、一般的には使用されません。</p>
<p><strong>時間効率</strong></p>
<p>配列ベースの実装では、プッシュとポップ操作の両方が事前に割り当てられた連続メモリで発生し、良好なキャッシュ局所性があるため効率が高くなります。しかし、プッシュ操作が配列容量を超える場合、リサイズメカニズムがトリガーされ、そのプッシュ操作の時間計算量は<span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span>になります。</p>
<p>連結リスト実装では、リスト拡張は非常に柔軟で、配列拡張のような効率低下の問題はありません。しかし、プッシュ操作にはノードオブジェクトの初期化とポインタの変更が必要なため、効率は比較的低くなります。プッシュされる要素がすでにノードオブジェクトの場合、初期化ステップをスキップでき、効率が向上します。</p>
<p>したがって、プッシュとポップ操作の要素が<code>int</code><code>double</code>などの基本データ型の場合、以下の結論を導くことができます:</p>
<ul>
<li>配列ベースのスタック実装は拡張時に効率が低下しますが、拡張は低頻度操作であるため、平均効率は高くなります。</li>
<li>連結リストベースのスタック実装はより安定した効率パフォーマンスを提供します。</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>空間効率</strong></p>
<p>リストを初期化する際、システムは「初期容量」を割り当てますが、これは実際の必要量を超える可能性があります。さらに、拡張メカニズムは通常、特定の係数2倍などで容量を増加させ、これも実際の必要量を超える可能性があります。したがって、<strong>配列ベースのスタックは一部の空間を無駄にする可能性があります</strong></p>
<p>しかし、連結リストノードはポインタを格納するための追加空間が必要なため、<strong>連結リストノードが占有する空間は比較的大きくなります</strong></p>
<p>まとめると、どちらの実装がよりメモリ効率的かを単純に判断することはできません。特定の状況に基づく分析が必要です。</p>
<h2 id="514">5.1.4 &nbsp; スタックの典型的な応用<a class="headerlink" href="#514" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>ブラウザの戻ると進む、ソフトウェアの元に戻すとやり直し</strong>。新しいWebページを開くたびに、ブラウザは前のページをスタックにプッシュし、戻る操作本質的にはポップ操作を通じて前のページに戻ることができます。戻ると進むの両方をサポートするには、2つのスタックが連携して動作する必要があります。</li>
<li><strong>プログラムのメモリ管理</strong>。関数が呼び出されるたびに、システムはスタックのトップにスタックフレームを追加して関数のコンテキスト情報を記録します。再帰関数では、下方向の再帰フェーズはスタックへのプッシュを続け、上方向のバックトラッキングフェーズはスタックからのポップを続けます。</li>
</ul>
<!-- Source file information -->
<!-- Was this page helpful? -->
<!-- Previous and next pages link -->
<nav
class="md-footer__inner md-grid"
aria-label="フッター"
>
<!-- Link to previous page -->
<a
href="../"
class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev"
aria-label="前: 第 5 章 &amp;nbsp; スタックとキュー"
rel="prev"
>
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-footer__title">
<span class="md-footer__direction">
</span>
<div class="md-ellipsis">
第 5 章 &nbsp; スタックとキュー
</div>
</div>
</a>
<!-- Link to next page -->
<a
href="../queue/"
class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next"
aria-label="次: 5.2 &amp;nbsp; キュー"
rel="next"
>
<div class="md-footer__title">
<span class="md-footer__direction">
</span>
<div class="md-ellipsis">
5.2 &nbsp; キュー
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg>
</div>
</a>
</nav>
<!-- Comment system -->
<h5 align="center" id="__comments"></h5>
<!-- Insert generated snippet here -->
<script
src="https://giscus.app/client.js"
data-repo="krahets/hello-algo"
data-repo-id="R_kgDOIXtSqw"
data-category="Announcements"
data-category-id="DIC_kwDOIXtSq84CSZk_"
data-mapping="pathname"
data-strict="1"
data-reactions-enabled="1"
data-emit-metadata="0"
data-input-position="top"
data-theme="light"
data-lang="
"
crossorigin="anonymous"
async
>
</script>
<!-- Synchronize Giscus theme with palette -->
<script>
var giscus = document.querySelector("script[src*=giscus]")
/* Set palette on initial load */
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark_dimmed" : "light"
giscus.setAttribute("data-theme", theme)
}
/* Register event handlers after documented loaded */
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
var ref = document.querySelector("[data-md-component=palette]")
ref.addEventListener("change", function() {
var palette = __md_get("__palette")
if (palette && typeof palette.color === "object") {
var theme = palette.color.scheme === "slate" ? "dark_dimmed" : "light"
/* Instruct Giscus to change theme */
var frame = document.querySelector(".giscus-frame")
frame.contentWindow.postMessage(
{ giscus: { setConfig: { theme } } },
"https://giscus.app"
)
}
})
})
</script>
</article>
</div>
<script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script>
<script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script>
</div>
<button type="button" class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z"/></svg>
ページトップへ戻る
</button>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label="フッター" >
<a href="../" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="前: 第 5 章 &amp;nbsp; スタックとキュー">
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-footer__title">
<span class="md-footer__direction">
</span>
<div class="md-ellipsis">
第 5 章 &nbsp; スタックとキュー
</div>
</div>
</a>
<a href="../queue/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="次: 5.2 &amp;nbsp; キュー">
<div class="md-footer__title">
<span class="md-footer__direction">
</span>
<div class="md-ellipsis">
5.2 &nbsp; キュー
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-footer__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4Z"/></svg>
</div>
</a>
</nav>
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
Copyright &copy; 2025 krahets<br>The website content is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-social">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
</a>
<a href="https://twitter.com/krahets" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="twitter.com" class="md-social__link">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8l164.9-188.5L26.8 48h145.6l100.5 132.9L389.2 48zm-24.8 373.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42l255.3 333.8z"/></svg>
</a>
<a href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="leetcode.cn" class="md-social__link">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 640 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z"/></svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div>
</div>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "../..", "features": ["content.action.edit", "content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tabs.link", "content.tooltips", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f", "clipboard.copy": "\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u3078\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc", "search.result.more.one": "\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u5185\u306b\u3082\u30461\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.more.other": "\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u5185\u306b\u3042\u3068#\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.none": "\u4f55\u3082\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f", "search.result.one": "1\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.other": "#\u4ef6\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f", "search.result.placeholder": "\u691c\u7d22\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044", "search.result.term.missing": "\u691c\u7d22\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u306a\u3044", "select.version": "\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048"}}</script>
<script src="../../assets/javascripts/bundle.c18c5fb9.min.js"></script>
<script src="../../javascripts/mathjax.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js"></script>
<script id="init-glightbox">const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": true, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": false, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "none"});
document$.subscribe(() => { lightbox.reload() });
</script></body>
</html>