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7274 lines
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575 KiB
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<meta name="description" content="A data structures and algorithms tutorial with animated illustrations and code you can run with one click">
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<title>5.2 Queues - Hello Algo</title>
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Hello Algo
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5.2 Queues
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4.1 Arrays
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4.2 Linked lists
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|
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|
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4.3 Lists
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|
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|
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|
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|
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4.4 Memory and cache *
|
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|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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5.1 Stacks
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|
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5.2 Queues
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5.2.1 Common queue operations
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21zm-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54zM19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 6. Hash tables
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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|
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Chapter 6. Hash tables
|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 Hash tables
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 Hash collisions
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 Hash algorithms
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/exercises/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.5 Exercises
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/" class="md-nav__link ">
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 7. Trees
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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||
|
||
Chapter 7. Trees
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Binary trees
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 Traversing a binary tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 Array representation of a binary tree
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 Binary search trees
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 AVL trees *
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.6 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/exercises/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.7 Exercises
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 8. Heaps
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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|
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Chapter 8. Heaps
|
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|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.1 Heaps
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.2 Building a heap
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.3 The top-k problem
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/exercises/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
8.5 Exercises
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59zM6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43s.83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53zM12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68s1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25zm2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 9. Graphs
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 9. Graphs
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.1 Graphs
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.2 Basic graph operations
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.3 Graph traversal
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.4 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/exercises/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
9.5 Exercises
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4zM3 16v-2h6v2zm0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.1 Binary search
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.2 Finding an insertion point with binary search
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.3 Finding boundaries with binary search
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.4 Optimizing with hashing
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.5 Search algorithms revisited
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.6 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/exercises/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
10.7 Exercises
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2z"/></svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.1 Sorting algorithms
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.2 Selection sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.3 Bubble sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.4 Insertion sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.5 Quick sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.6 Merge sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.7 Heap sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.8 Bucket sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.9 Counting sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.10 Radix sort
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
|
||
|
||
11.11 Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
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Chapter 13. Backtracking
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13.1 Backtracking algorithms
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 7.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc.--><path fill="currentColor" d="M441 58.9 453.1 71c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L424 134.1 377.9 88 407 58.9c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0zM209.8 256.2 344 121.9l46.1 46.1-134.3 134.2c-2.9 2.9-6.5 5-10.4 6.1L186.9 325l16.7-58.5c1.1-3.9 3.2-7.5 6.1-10.4zM373.1 25 175.8 222.2c-8.7 8.7-15 19.4-18.3 31.1l-28.6 100c-2.4 8.4-.1 17.4 6.1 23.6s15.2 8.5 23.6 6.1l100-28.6c11.8-3.4 22.5-9.7 31.1-18.3L487 138.9c28.1-28.1 28.1-73.7 0-101.8L474.9 25c-28.1-28.1-73.7-28.1-101.8 0M88 64c-48.6 0-88 39.4-88 88v272c0 48.6 39.4 88 88 88h272c48.6 0 88-39.4 88-88V312c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24s-24 10.7-24 24v112c0 22.1-17.9 40-40 40H88c-22.1 0-40-17.9-40-40V152c0-22.1 17.9-40 40-40h112c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg>
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<h1 id="52-queues">5.2 Queues<a class="headerlink" href="#52-queues" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>A <u>queue</u> is a linear data structure that follows a first-in, first-out rule. It models a line of people: newcomers join at the back, while those at the front leave one by one.</p>
|
||
<p>As shown below, the two ends are called the “front” and the “rear.” Adding an element at the rear is called “enqueueing,” and removing an element from the front is called “dequeueing.”</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="The first-in, first-out rule of a queue" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/queue_operations.png" /></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 5-4 The first-in, first-out rule of a queue </p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="521-common-queue-operations">5.2.1 Common queue operations<a class="headerlink" href="#521-common-queue-operations" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Table 5-2 lists common operations. Method names vary between programming languages; here we use the same names as for stacks.</p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Table 5-2 Efficiency of queue operations </p>
|
||
|
||
<div class="center-table">
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>Method</th>
|
||
<th>Description</th>
|
||
<th>Time complexity</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>push()</code></td>
|
||
<td>Enqueue an element at the rear</td>
|
||
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>pop()</code></td>
|
||
<td>Dequeue the front element</td>
|
||
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><code>peek()</code></td>
|
||
<td>Access the front element</td>
|
||
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>We can use a queue class already provided by the programming language:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_12" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_13" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_1_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">collections</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">deque</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="c1"># In Python, we usually use the deque class as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="c1"># Although queue.Queue() is a dedicated queue class, it is less convenient and is not recommended here</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="c1"># Enqueue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="c1"># Access the front element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">que</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="c1"># Dequeue an element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">que</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">popleft</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="c1"># Get the queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a><span class="c1"># Check whether the queue is empty</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">que</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="o"><></span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue_test.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// In Go, use a list as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// Swift has no built-in queue class; use an Array as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">queue</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">first</span><span class="p">!</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="c1">// Because this is an array, removeFirst takes O(n) time</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeFirst</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript has no built-in queue; use an Array as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="c1">// The underlying structure is an array, so shift() takes O(n) time</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">shift</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript has no built-in queue; use an Array as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="c1">// The underlying structure is an array, so shift() takes O(n) time</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">shift</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="c1">// In Dart, Queue is a deque and can also be used as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeFirst</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a deque */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="c1">// In Rust, use a deque as an ordinary queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">VecDeque</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">u32</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">VecDeque</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_front</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deque</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="c1">// C provides no built-in queue</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedList</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue elements */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue an element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">queue.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="c1"># Ruby's built-in Thread::Queue has no peek or traversal methods; use an Array as a queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="c1"># Enqueue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="c1"># Access the front element of the queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="c1"># Dequeue an element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="c1"># Note that this is an array, so Array#shift takes O(n) time</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="n">pop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shift</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="c1"># Get the queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="c1"># Check whether the queue is empty</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Visualize execution</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" title="Visualize execution" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=from%20collections%20import%20deque%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Initialize%20a%20queue%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20In%20Python%2C%20we%20usually%20use%20the%20deque%20class%20as%20a%20queue%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Although%20queue.Queue%28%29%20is%20a%20dedicated%20queue%20class%2C%20it%20is%20less%20convenient%0A%20%20%20%20que%20%3D%20deque%28%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Enqueue%20elements%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%3A%20que%20%3D%22%2C%20que%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Access%20the%20front%20element%0A%20%20%20%20front%20%3D%20que%5B0%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Front%20element%3A%20front%20%3D%22%2C%20front%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Dequeue%20an%20element%0A%20%20%20%20pop%20%3D%20que.popleft%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Dequeued%20element%3A%20pop%20%3D%22%2C%20pop%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22After%20dequeuing%3A%20que%20%3D%22%2C%20que%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20queue%20size%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20len%28que%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%20size%3A%20size%20%3D%22%2C%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Check%20whether%20the%20queue%20is%20empty%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20len%28que%29%20%3D%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Is%20the%20queue%20empty%20%3D%22%2C%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=from%20collections%20import%20deque%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Initialize%20a%20queue%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20In%20Python%2C%20we%20usually%20use%20the%20deque%20class%20as%20a%20queue%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Although%20queue.Queue%28%29%20is%20a%20dedicated%20queue%20class%2C%20it%20is%20less%20convenient%0A%20%20%20%20que%20%3D%20deque%28%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Enqueue%20elements%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20que.append%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%3A%20que%20%3D%22%2C%20que%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Access%20the%20front%20element%0A%20%20%20%20front%20%3D%20que%5B0%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Front%20element%3A%20front%20%3D%22%2C%20front%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Dequeue%20an%20element%0A%20%20%20%20pop%20%3D%20que.popleft%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Dequeued%20element%3A%20pop%20%3D%22%2C%20pop%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22After%20dequeuing%3A%20que%20%3D%22%2C%20que%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20queue%20size%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20len%28que%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%20size%3A%20size%20%3D%22%2C%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Check%20whether%20the%20queue%20is%20empty%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20len%28que%29%20%3D%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Is%20the%20queue%20empty%20%3D%22%2C%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View full screen ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<h2 id="522-implementing-a-queue">5.2.2 Implementing a queue<a class="headerlink" href="#522-implementing-a-queue" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>A queue needs a data structure that allows insertion at one end and deletion at the other. Both linked lists and arrays can meet this requirement.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="1-implementation-with-a-linked-list">1. Implementation with a linked list<a class="headerlink" href="#1-implementation-with-a-linked-list" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>As shown below, treat the linked list's head and tail as the queue's front and rear. Nodes may be added only at the rear and removed only from the front.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1"><1></label><label for="__tabbed_2_2"><2></label><label for="__tabbed_2_3"><3></label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><img alt="Enqueue and dequeue in a linked-list queue" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/linkedlist_queue_step1.png" /></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><img alt="linkedlist_queue_push" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/linkedlist_queue_step2_push.png" /></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><img alt="linkedlist_queue_pop" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/linkedlist_queue_step3_pop.png" /></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 5-5 Enqueue and dequeue in a linked-list queue </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Here is an implementation using a linked list:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_13" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_3_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Queue implemented with a linked list"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Constructor"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># Head node front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="c1"># Tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Get the queue size"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Check whether the queue is empty"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Enqueue"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a> <span class="c1"># Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a> <span class="c1"># If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a> <span class="c1"># If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_rear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-32" name="__codelineno-13-32" href="#__codelineno-13-32"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-33" name="__codelineno-13-33" href="#__codelineno-13-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Dequeue"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-34" name="__codelineno-13-34" href="#__codelineno-13-34"></a> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-35" name="__codelineno-13-35" href="#__codelineno-13-35"></a> <span class="c1"># Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-36" name="__codelineno-13-36" href="#__codelineno-13-36"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-37" name="__codelineno-13-37" href="#__codelineno-13-37"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-38" name="__codelineno-13-38" href="#__codelineno-13-38"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-39" name="__codelineno-13-39" href="#__codelineno-13-39"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-40" name="__codelineno-13-40" href="#__codelineno-13-40"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-41" name="__codelineno-13-41" href="#__codelineno-13-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Access the front element"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-42" name="__codelineno-13-42" href="#__codelineno-13-42"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-43" name="__codelineno-13-43" href="#__codelineno-13-43"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-44" name="__codelineno-13-44" href="#__codelineno-13-44"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-45" name="__codelineno-13-45" href="#__codelineno-13-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-46" name="__codelineno-13-46" href="#__codelineno-13-46"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-47" name="__codelineno-13-47" href="#__codelineno-13-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Convert to a list for printing"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-48" name="__codelineno-13-48" href="#__codelineno-13-48"></a> <span class="n">queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-49" name="__codelineno-13-49" href="#__codelineno-13-49"></a> <span class="n">temp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-50" name="__codelineno-13-50" href="#__codelineno-13-50"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-51" name="__codelineno-13-51" href="#__codelineno-13-51"></a> <span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-52" name="__codelineno-13-52" href="#__codelineno-13-52"></a> <span class="n">temp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-13-53" name="__codelineno-13-53" href="#__codelineno-13-53"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">queue</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node front and tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">nullptr</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Traverse the linked list and delete each node to free its memory</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16" href="#__codelineno-14-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">freeMemoryLinkedList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17" href="#__codelineno-14-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-19" name="__codelineno-14-19" href="#__codelineno-14-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20" href="#__codelineno-14-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-21" name="__codelineno-14-21" href="#__codelineno-14-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-22" name="__codelineno-14-22" href="#__codelineno-14-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-23" name="__codelineno-14-23" href="#__codelineno-14-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-24" name="__codelineno-14-24" href="#__codelineno-14-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25" href="#__codelineno-14-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-26" name="__codelineno-14-26" href="#__codelineno-14-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-27" name="__codelineno-14-27" href="#__codelineno-14-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-28" name="__codelineno-14-28" href="#__codelineno-14-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-29" name="__codelineno-14-29" href="#__codelineno-14-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-30" name="__codelineno-14-30" href="#__codelineno-14-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-31" name="__codelineno-14-31" href="#__codelineno-14-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-32" name="__codelineno-14-32" href="#__codelineno-14-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-33" name="__codelineno-14-33" href="#__codelineno-14-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-34" name="__codelineno-14-34" href="#__codelineno-14-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">nullptr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-35" name="__codelineno-14-35" href="#__codelineno-14-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-36" name="__codelineno-14-36" href="#__codelineno-14-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-37" name="__codelineno-14-37" href="#__codelineno-14-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-38" name="__codelineno-14-38" href="#__codelineno-14-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-39" name="__codelineno-14-39" href="#__codelineno-14-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-40" name="__codelineno-14-40" href="#__codelineno-14-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-41" name="__codelineno-14-41" href="#__codelineno-14-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-42" name="__codelineno-14-42" href="#__codelineno-14-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-43" name="__codelineno-14-43" href="#__codelineno-14-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-44" name="__codelineno-14-44" href="#__codelineno-14-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-45" name="__codelineno-14-45" href="#__codelineno-14-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-46" name="__codelineno-14-46" href="#__codelineno-14-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-47" name="__codelineno-14-47" href="#__codelineno-14-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-48" name="__codelineno-14-48" href="#__codelineno-14-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-49" name="__codelineno-14-49" href="#__codelineno-14-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-50" name="__codelineno-14-50" href="#__codelineno-14-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-51" name="__codelineno-14-51" href="#__codelineno-14-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-52" name="__codelineno-14-52" href="#__codelineno-14-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Free memory</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-53" name="__codelineno-14-53" href="#__codelineno-14-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-54" name="__codelineno-14-54" href="#__codelineno-14-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-55" name="__codelineno-14-55" href="#__codelineno-14-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-56" name="__codelineno-14-56" href="#__codelineno-14-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-57" name="__codelineno-14-57" href="#__codelineno-14-57"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-58" name="__codelineno-14-58" href="#__codelineno-14-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-59" name="__codelineno-14-59" href="#__codelineno-14-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-60" name="__codelineno-14-60" href="#__codelineno-14-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-61" name="__codelineno-14-61" href="#__codelineno-14-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-62" name="__codelineno-14-62" href="#__codelineno-14-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-63" name="__codelineno-14-63" href="#__codelineno-14-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-64" name="__codelineno-14-64" href="#__codelineno-14-64"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-65" name="__codelineno-14-65" href="#__codelineno-14-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to a vector and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-66" name="__codelineno-14-66" href="#__codelineno-14-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toVector</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-67" name="__codelineno-14-67" href="#__codelineno-14-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-68" name="__codelineno-14-68" href="#__codelineno-14-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-69" name="__codelineno-14-69" href="#__codelineno-14-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-70" name="__codelineno-14-70" href="#__codelineno-14-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-71" name="__codelineno-14-71" href="#__codelineno-14-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-72" name="__codelineno-14-72" href="#__codelineno-14-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-73" name="__codelineno-14-73" href="#__codelineno-14-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-74" name="__codelineno-14-74" href="#__codelineno-14-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-14-75" name="__codelineno-14-75" href="#__codelineno-14-75"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node front and tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-24" name="__codelineno-15-24" href="#__codelineno-15-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-25" name="__codelineno-15-25" href="#__codelineno-15-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-26" name="__codelineno-15-26" href="#__codelineno-15-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-27" name="__codelineno-15-27" href="#__codelineno-15-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-28" name="__codelineno-15-28" href="#__codelineno-15-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-29" name="__codelineno-15-29" href="#__codelineno-15-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-30" name="__codelineno-15-30" href="#__codelineno-15-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-31" name="__codelineno-15-31" href="#__codelineno-15-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-32" name="__codelineno-15-32" href="#__codelineno-15-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-33" name="__codelineno-15-33" href="#__codelineno-15-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-34" name="__codelineno-15-34" href="#__codelineno-15-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-35" name="__codelineno-15-35" href="#__codelineno-15-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-36" name="__codelineno-15-36" href="#__codelineno-15-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-37" name="__codelineno-15-37" href="#__codelineno-15-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-38" name="__codelineno-15-38" href="#__codelineno-15-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-39" name="__codelineno-15-39" href="#__codelineno-15-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-40" name="__codelineno-15-40" href="#__codelineno-15-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-41" name="__codelineno-15-41" href="#__codelineno-15-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-42" name="__codelineno-15-42" href="#__codelineno-15-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-43" name="__codelineno-15-43" href="#__codelineno-15-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-44" name="__codelineno-15-44" href="#__codelineno-15-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-45" name="__codelineno-15-45" href="#__codelineno-15-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-46" name="__codelineno-15-46" href="#__codelineno-15-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-47" name="__codelineno-15-47" href="#__codelineno-15-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-48" name="__codelineno-15-48" href="#__codelineno-15-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-49" name="__codelineno-15-49" href="#__codelineno-15-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-50" name="__codelineno-15-50" href="#__codelineno-15-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-51" name="__codelineno-15-51" href="#__codelineno-15-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-52" name="__codelineno-15-52" href="#__codelineno-15-52"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-53" name="__codelineno-15-53" href="#__codelineno-15-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-54" name="__codelineno-15-54" href="#__codelineno-15-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-55" name="__codelineno-15-55" href="#__codelineno-15-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-56" name="__codelineno-15-56" href="#__codelineno-15-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-57" name="__codelineno-15-57" href="#__codelineno-15-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-58" name="__codelineno-15-58" href="#__codelineno-15-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-59" name="__codelineno-15-59" href="#__codelineno-15-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-60" name="__codelineno-15-60" href="#__codelineno-15-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-61" name="__codelineno-15-61" href="#__codelineno-15-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-62" name="__codelineno-15-62" href="#__codelineno-15-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-15-63" name="__codelineno-15-63" href="#__codelineno-15-63"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node front and tail node rear </span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21" href="#__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22" href="#__codelineno-16-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23" href="#__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-24" name="__codelineno-16-24" href="#__codelineno-16-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-25" name="__codelineno-16-25" href="#__codelineno-16-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-26" name="__codelineno-16-26" href="#__codelineno-16-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27" href="#__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-28" name="__codelineno-16-28" href="#__codelineno-16-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-29" name="__codelineno-16-29" href="#__codelineno-16-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-30" name="__codelineno-16-30" href="#__codelineno-16-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-31" name="__codelineno-16-31" href="#__codelineno-16-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-32" name="__codelineno-16-32" href="#__codelineno-16-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-33" name="__codelineno-16-33" href="#__codelineno-16-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-34" name="__codelineno-16-34" href="#__codelineno-16-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-35" name="__codelineno-16-35" href="#__codelineno-16-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-36" name="__codelineno-16-36" href="#__codelineno-16-36"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-37" name="__codelineno-16-37" href="#__codelineno-16-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-38" name="__codelineno-16-38" href="#__codelineno-16-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-39" name="__codelineno-16-39" href="#__codelineno-16-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-40" name="__codelineno-16-40" href="#__codelineno-16-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-41" name="__codelineno-16-41" href="#__codelineno-16-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">?.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-42" name="__codelineno-16-42" href="#__codelineno-16-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-43" name="__codelineno-16-43" href="#__codelineno-16-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-44" name="__codelineno-16-44" href="#__codelineno-16-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-45" name="__codelineno-16-45" href="#__codelineno-16-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-46" name="__codelineno-16-46" href="#__codelineno-16-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-47" name="__codelineno-16-47" href="#__codelineno-16-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-48" name="__codelineno-16-48" href="#__codelineno-16-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-49" name="__codelineno-16-49" href="#__codelineno-16-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Exception</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-50" name="__codelineno-16-50" href="#__codelineno-16-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-51" name="__codelineno-16-51" href="#__codelineno-16-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-52" name="__codelineno-16-52" href="#__codelineno-16-52"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-53" name="__codelineno-16-53" href="#__codelineno-16-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-54" name="__codelineno-16-54" href="#__codelineno-16-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ToArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-55" name="__codelineno-16-55" href="#__codelineno-16-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-56" name="__codelineno-16-56" href="#__codelineno-16-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-57" name="__codelineno-16-57" href="#__codelineno-16-57"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-58" name="__codelineno-16-58" href="#__codelineno-16-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-59" name="__codelineno-16-59" href="#__codelineno-16-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-60" name="__codelineno-16-60" href="#__codelineno-16-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-61" name="__codelineno-16-61" href="#__codelineno-16-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-62" name="__codelineno-16-62" href="#__codelineno-16-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-63" name="__codelineno-16-63" href="#__codelineno-16-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-64" name="__codelineno-16-64" href="#__codelineno-16-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-65" name="__codelineno-16-65" href="#__codelineno-16-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-16-66" name="__codelineno-16-66" href="#__codelineno-16-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use the standard library list package to implement the queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">List</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize the queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newLinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(),</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">PushBack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-24" name="__codelineno-17-24" href="#__codelineno-17-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-25" name="__codelineno-17-25" href="#__codelineno-17-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-26" name="__codelineno-17-26" href="#__codelineno-17-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Value</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-27" name="__codelineno-17-27" href="#__codelineno-17-27"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-28" name="__codelineno-17-28" href="#__codelineno-17-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-29" name="__codelineno-17-29" href="#__codelineno-17-29"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-30" name="__codelineno-17-30" href="#__codelineno-17-30"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-31" name="__codelineno-17-31" href="#__codelineno-17-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-32" name="__codelineno-17-32" href="#__codelineno-17-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-33" name="__codelineno-17-33" href="#__codelineno-17-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-34" name="__codelineno-17-34" href="#__codelineno-17-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Front</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-35" name="__codelineno-17-35" href="#__codelineno-17-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Value</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-36" name="__codelineno-17-36" href="#__codelineno-17-36"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-37" name="__codelineno-17-37" href="#__codelineno-17-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-38" name="__codelineno-17-38" href="#__codelineno-17-38"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-39" name="__codelineno-17-39" href="#__codelineno-17-39"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-40" name="__codelineno-17-40" href="#__codelineno-17-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-41" name="__codelineno-17-41" href="#__codelineno-17-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-42" name="__codelineno-17-42" href="#__codelineno-17-42"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-43" name="__codelineno-17-43" href="#__codelineno-17-43"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-44" name="__codelineno-17-44" href="#__codelineno-17-44"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-45" name="__codelineno-17-45" href="#__codelineno-17-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-46" name="__codelineno-17-46" href="#__codelineno-17-46"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-47" name="__codelineno-17-47" href="#__codelineno-17-47"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-48" name="__codelineno-17-48" href="#__codelineno-17-48"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the list for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-49" name="__codelineno-17-49" href="#__codelineno-17-49"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">linkedListQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toList</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">list</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">List</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-50" name="__codelineno-17-50" href="#__codelineno-17-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-17-51" name="__codelineno-17-51" href="#__codelineno-17-51"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">rear</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-24" name="__codelineno-18-24" href="#__codelineno-18-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-25" name="__codelineno-18-25" href="#__codelineno-18-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-26" name="__codelineno-18-26" href="#__codelineno-18-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-27" name="__codelineno-18-27" href="#__codelineno-18-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-28" name="__codelineno-18-28" href="#__codelineno-18-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-29" name="__codelineno-18-29" href="#__codelineno-18-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-30" name="__codelineno-18-30" href="#__codelineno-18-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-31" name="__codelineno-18-31" href="#__codelineno-18-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-32" name="__codelineno-18-32" href="#__codelineno-18-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">?.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-33" name="__codelineno-18-33" href="#__codelineno-18-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-34" name="__codelineno-18-34" href="#__codelineno-18-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-35" name="__codelineno-18-35" href="#__codelineno-18-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-36" name="__codelineno-18-36" href="#__codelineno-18-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-37" name="__codelineno-18-37" href="#__codelineno-18-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-38" name="__codelineno-18-38" href="#__codelineno-18-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-39" name="__codelineno-18-39" href="#__codelineno-18-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">@</span><span class="n">discardableResult</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-40" name="__codelineno-18-40" href="#__codelineno-18-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-41" name="__codelineno-18-41" href="#__codelineno-18-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-42" name="__codelineno-18-42" href="#__codelineno-18-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-43" name="__codelineno-18-43" href="#__codelineno-18-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">?.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-44" name="__codelineno-18-44" href="#__codelineno-18-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-45" name="__codelineno-18-45" href="#__codelineno-18-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-46" name="__codelineno-18-46" href="#__codelineno-18-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-47" name="__codelineno-18-47" href="#__codelineno-18-47"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-48" name="__codelineno-18-48" href="#__codelineno-18-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-49" name="__codelineno-18-49" href="#__codelineno-18-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-50" name="__codelineno-18-50" href="#__codelineno-18-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-51" name="__codelineno-18-51" href="#__codelineno-18-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-52" name="__codelineno-18-52" href="#__codelineno-18-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-53" name="__codelineno-18-53" href="#__codelineno-18-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">!.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-54" name="__codelineno-18-54" href="#__codelineno-18-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-55" name="__codelineno-18-55" href="#__codelineno-18-55"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-56" name="__codelineno-18-56" href="#__codelineno-18-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-57" name="__codelineno-18-57" href="#__codelineno-18-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-58" name="__codelineno-18-58" href="#__codelineno-18-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-59" name="__codelineno-18-59" href="#__codelineno-18-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-60" name="__codelineno-18-60" href="#__codelineno-18-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-61" name="__codelineno-18-61" href="#__codelineno-18-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">!.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-62" name="__codelineno-18-62" href="#__codelineno-18-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">?.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-63" name="__codelineno-18-63" href="#__codelineno-18-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-64" name="__codelineno-18-64" href="#__codelineno-18-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-65" name="__codelineno-18-65" href="#__codelineno-18-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-18-66" name="__codelineno-18-66" href="#__codelineno-18-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node #front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tail node #rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-16" name="__codelineno-19-16" href="#__codelineno-19-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-17" name="__codelineno-19-17" href="#__codelineno-19-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-18" name="__codelineno-19-18" href="#__codelineno-19-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-19" name="__codelineno-19-19" href="#__codelineno-19-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-20" name="__codelineno-19-20" href="#__codelineno-19-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-21" name="__codelineno-19-21" href="#__codelineno-19-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-22" name="__codelineno-19-22" href="#__codelineno-19-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-23" name="__codelineno-19-23" href="#__codelineno-19-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-24" name="__codelineno-19-24" href="#__codelineno-19-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-25" name="__codelineno-19-25" href="#__codelineno-19-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-26" name="__codelineno-19-26" href="#__codelineno-19-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-27" name="__codelineno-19-27" href="#__codelineno-19-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-28" name="__codelineno-19-28" href="#__codelineno-19-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-29" name="__codelineno-19-29" href="#__codelineno-19-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-30" name="__codelineno-19-30" href="#__codelineno-19-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-31" name="__codelineno-19-31" href="#__codelineno-19-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-32" name="__codelineno-19-32" href="#__codelineno-19-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-33" name="__codelineno-19-33" href="#__codelineno-19-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-34" name="__codelineno-19-34" href="#__codelineno-19-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-35" name="__codelineno-19-35" href="#__codelineno-19-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-36" name="__codelineno-19-36" href="#__codelineno-19-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-37" name="__codelineno-19-37" href="#__codelineno-19-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-38" name="__codelineno-19-38" href="#__codelineno-19-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-39" name="__codelineno-19-39" href="#__codelineno-19-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-40" name="__codelineno-19-40" href="#__codelineno-19-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-41" name="__codelineno-19-41" href="#__codelineno-19-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-42" name="__codelineno-19-42" href="#__codelineno-19-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-43" name="__codelineno-19-43" href="#__codelineno-19-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-44" name="__codelineno-19-44" href="#__codelineno-19-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-45" name="__codelineno-19-45" href="#__codelineno-19-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-46" name="__codelineno-19-46" href="#__codelineno-19-46"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-47" name="__codelineno-19-47" href="#__codelineno-19-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-48" name="__codelineno-19-48" href="#__codelineno-19-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-49" name="__codelineno-19-49" href="#__codelineno-19-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-50" name="__codelineno-19-50" href="#__codelineno-19-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-51" name="__codelineno-19-51" href="#__codelineno-19-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-52" name="__codelineno-19-52" href="#__codelineno-19-52"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-53" name="__codelineno-19-53" href="#__codelineno-19-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an Array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-54" name="__codelineno-19-54" href="#__codelineno-19-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-55" name="__codelineno-19-55" href="#__codelineno-19-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-56" name="__codelineno-19-56" href="#__codelineno-19-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-57" name="__codelineno-19-57" href="#__codelineno-19-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-58" name="__codelineno-19-58" href="#__codelineno-19-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-59" name="__codelineno-19-59" href="#__codelineno-19-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-60" name="__codelineno-19-60" href="#__codelineno-19-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-61" name="__codelineno-19-61" href="#__codelineno-19-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-62" name="__codelineno-19-62" href="#__codelineno-19-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-19-63" name="__codelineno-19-63" href="#__codelineno-19-63"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-15" name="__codelineno-20-15" href="#__codelineno-20-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-16" name="__codelineno-20-16" href="#__codelineno-20-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-17" name="__codelineno-20-17" href="#__codelineno-20-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-18" name="__codelineno-20-18" href="#__codelineno-20-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-19" name="__codelineno-20-19" href="#__codelineno-20-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-20" name="__codelineno-20-20" href="#__codelineno-20-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-21" name="__codelineno-20-21" href="#__codelineno-20-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-22" name="__codelineno-20-22" href="#__codelineno-20-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-23" name="__codelineno-20-23" href="#__codelineno-20-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-24" name="__codelineno-20-24" href="#__codelineno-20-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-25" name="__codelineno-20-25" href="#__codelineno-20-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-26" name="__codelineno-20-26" href="#__codelineno-20-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-27" name="__codelineno-20-27" href="#__codelineno-20-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-28" name="__codelineno-20-28" href="#__codelineno-20-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-29" name="__codelineno-20-29" href="#__codelineno-20-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-30" name="__codelineno-20-30" href="#__codelineno-20-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-31" name="__codelineno-20-31" href="#__codelineno-20-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-32" name="__codelineno-20-32" href="#__codelineno-20-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-33" name="__codelineno-20-33" href="#__codelineno-20-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-34" name="__codelineno-20-34" href="#__codelineno-20-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-35" name="__codelineno-20-35" href="#__codelineno-20-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-36" name="__codelineno-20-36" href="#__codelineno-20-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-37" name="__codelineno-20-37" href="#__codelineno-20-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-38" name="__codelineno-20-38" href="#__codelineno-20-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-39" name="__codelineno-20-39" href="#__codelineno-20-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-40" name="__codelineno-20-40" href="#__codelineno-20-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-41" name="__codelineno-20-41" href="#__codelineno-20-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-42" name="__codelineno-20-42" href="#__codelineno-20-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-43" name="__codelineno-20-43" href="#__codelineno-20-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-44" name="__codelineno-20-44" href="#__codelineno-20-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-45" name="__codelineno-20-45" href="#__codelineno-20-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-46" name="__codelineno-20-46" href="#__codelineno-20-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-47" name="__codelineno-20-47" href="#__codelineno-20-47"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-48" name="__codelineno-20-48" href="#__codelineno-20-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-49" name="__codelineno-20-49" href="#__codelineno-20-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-50" name="__codelineno-20-50" href="#__codelineno-20-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-51" name="__codelineno-20-51" href="#__codelineno-20-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-52" name="__codelineno-20-52" href="#__codelineno-20-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-53" name="__codelineno-20-53" href="#__codelineno-20-53"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-54" name="__codelineno-20-54" href="#__codelineno-20-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an Array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-55" name="__codelineno-20-55" href="#__codelineno-20-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-56" name="__codelineno-20-56" href="#__codelineno-20-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-57" name="__codelineno-20-57" href="#__codelineno-20-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-58" name="__codelineno-20-58" href="#__codelineno-20-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-59" name="__codelineno-20-59" href="#__codelineno-20-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-60" name="__codelineno-20-60" href="#__codelineno-20-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">node</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-61" name="__codelineno-20-61" href="#__codelineno-20-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-62" name="__codelineno-20-62" href="#__codelineno-20-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-63" name="__codelineno-20-63" href="#__codelineno-20-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-20-64" name="__codelineno-20-64" href="#__codelineno-20-64"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node _front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tail node _rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-13" name="__codelineno-21-13" href="#__codelineno-21-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-14" name="__codelineno-21-14" href="#__codelineno-21-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-15" name="__codelineno-21-15" href="#__codelineno-21-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-16" name="__codelineno-21-16" href="#__codelineno-21-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-17" name="__codelineno-21-17" href="#__codelineno-21-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-18" name="__codelineno-21-18" href="#__codelineno-21-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-19" name="__codelineno-21-19" href="#__codelineno-21-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-20" name="__codelineno-21-20" href="#__codelineno-21-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-21" name="__codelineno-21-21" href="#__codelineno-21-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-22" name="__codelineno-21-22" href="#__codelineno-21-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-23" name="__codelineno-21-23" href="#__codelineno-21-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-24" name="__codelineno-21-24" href="#__codelineno-21-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add _num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-25" name="__codelineno-21-25" href="#__codelineno-21-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-26" name="__codelineno-21-26" href="#__codelineno-21-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-27" name="__codelineno-21-27" href="#__codelineno-21-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-28" name="__codelineno-21-28" href="#__codelineno-21-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-29" name="__codelineno-21-29" href="#__codelineno-21-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-30" name="__codelineno-21-30" href="#__codelineno-21-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-31" name="__codelineno-21-31" href="#__codelineno-21-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-32" name="__codelineno-21-32" href="#__codelineno-21-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-33" name="__codelineno-21-33" href="#__codelineno-21-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-34" name="__codelineno-21-34" href="#__codelineno-21-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-35" name="__codelineno-21-35" href="#__codelineno-21-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-36" name="__codelineno-21-36" href="#__codelineno-21-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-37" name="__codelineno-21-37" href="#__codelineno-21-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-38" name="__codelineno-21-38" href="#__codelineno-21-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-39" name="__codelineno-21-39" href="#__codelineno-21-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-40" name="__codelineno-21-40" href="#__codelineno-21-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-41" name="__codelineno-21-41" href="#__codelineno-21-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-42" name="__codelineno-21-42" href="#__codelineno-21-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-43" name="__codelineno-21-43" href="#__codelineno-21-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-44" name="__codelineno-21-44" href="#__codelineno-21-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-45" name="__codelineno-21-45" href="#__codelineno-21-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-46" name="__codelineno-21-46" href="#__codelineno-21-46"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-47" name="__codelineno-21-47" href="#__codelineno-21-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-48" name="__codelineno-21-48" href="#__codelineno-21-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-49" name="__codelineno-21-49" href="#__codelineno-21-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-50" name="__codelineno-21-50" href="#__codelineno-21-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-51" name="__codelineno-21-51" href="#__codelineno-21-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-52" name="__codelineno-21-52" href="#__codelineno-21-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-53" name="__codelineno-21-53" href="#__codelineno-21-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-54" name="__codelineno-21-54" href="#__codelineno-21-54"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-55" name="__codelineno-21-55" href="#__codelineno-21-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-56" name="__codelineno-21-56" href="#__codelineno-21-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-57" name="__codelineno-21-57" href="#__codelineno-21-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-58" name="__codelineno-21-58" href="#__codelineno-21-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-59" name="__codelineno-21-59" href="#__codelineno-21-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-60" name="__codelineno-21-60" href="#__codelineno-21-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-61" name="__codelineno-21-61" href="#__codelineno-21-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-62" name="__codelineno-21-62" href="#__codelineno-21-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-63" name="__codelineno-21-63" href="#__codelineno-21-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-64" name="__codelineno-21-64" href="#__codelineno-21-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-21-65" name="__codelineno-21-65" href="#__codelineno-21-65"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="cp">#[allow(dead_code)]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-15" name="__codelineno-22-15" href="#__codelineno-22-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-16" name="__codelineno-22-16" href="#__codelineno-22-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-17" name="__codelineno-22-17" href="#__codelineno-22-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-18" name="__codelineno-22-18" href="#__codelineno-22-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-19" name="__codelineno-22-19" href="#__codelineno-22-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-20" name="__codelineno-22-20" href="#__codelineno-22-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-21" name="__codelineno-22-21" href="#__codelineno-22-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-22" name="__codelineno-22-22" href="#__codelineno-22-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-23" name="__codelineno-22-23" href="#__codelineno-22-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-24" name="__codelineno-22-24" href="#__codelineno-22-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-25" name="__codelineno-22-25" href="#__codelineno-22-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-26" name="__codelineno-22-26" href="#__codelineno-22-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-27" name="__codelineno-22-27" href="#__codelineno-22-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-28" name="__codelineno-22-28" href="#__codelineno-22-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-29" name="__codelineno-22-29" href="#__codelineno-22-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-30" name="__codelineno-22-30" href="#__codelineno-22-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-31" name="__codelineno-22-31" href="#__codelineno-22-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">new_rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-32" name="__codelineno-22-32" href="#__codelineno-22-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">match</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-33" name="__codelineno-22-33" href="#__codelineno-22-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-34" name="__codelineno-22-34" href="#__codelineno-22-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">old_rear</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-35" name="__codelineno-22-35" href="#__codelineno-22-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-36" name="__codelineno-22-36" href="#__codelineno-22-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_rear</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-37" name="__codelineno-22-37" href="#__codelineno-22-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-38" name="__codelineno-22-38" href="#__codelineno-22-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-39" name="__codelineno-22-39" href="#__codelineno-22-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-40" name="__codelineno-22-40" href="#__codelineno-22-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clone</span><span class="p">());</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-41" name="__codelineno-22-41" href="#__codelineno-22-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_rear</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-42" name="__codelineno-22-42" href="#__codelineno-22-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-43" name="__codelineno-22-43" href="#__codelineno-22-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-44" name="__codelineno-22-44" href="#__codelineno-22-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-45" name="__codelineno-22-45" href="#__codelineno-22-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-46" name="__codelineno-22-46" href="#__codelineno-22-46"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-47" name="__codelineno-22-47" href="#__codelineno-22-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-48" name="__codelineno-22-48" href="#__codelineno-22-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-49" name="__codelineno-22-49" href="#__codelineno-22-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-50" name="__codelineno-22-50" href="#__codelineno-22-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">match</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow_mut</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-51" name="__codelineno-22-51" href="#__codelineno-22-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_front</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-52" name="__codelineno-22-52" href="#__codelineno-22-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">new_front</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-53" name="__codelineno-22-53" href="#__codelineno-22-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-54" name="__codelineno-22-54" href="#__codelineno-22-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">None</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-55" name="__codelineno-22-55" href="#__codelineno-22-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">take</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-56" name="__codelineno-22-56" href="#__codelineno-22-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-57" name="__codelineno-22-57" href="#__codelineno-22-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-58" name="__codelineno-22-58" href="#__codelineno-22-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-59" name="__codelineno-22-59" href="#__codelineno-22-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">old_front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-60" name="__codelineno-22-60" href="#__codelineno-22-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-61" name="__codelineno-22-61" href="#__codelineno-22-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-62" name="__codelineno-22-62" href="#__codelineno-22-62"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-63" name="__codelineno-22-63" href="#__codelineno-22-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-64" name="__codelineno-22-64" href="#__codelineno-22-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-65" name="__codelineno-22-65" href="#__codelineno-22-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-66" name="__codelineno-22-66" href="#__codelineno-22-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-67" name="__codelineno-22-67" href="#__codelineno-22-67"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-68" name="__codelineno-22-68" href="#__codelineno-22-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to a vector and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-69" name="__codelineno-22-69" href="#__codelineno-22-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-70" name="__codelineno-22-70" href="#__codelineno-22-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-71" name="__codelineno-22-71" href="#__codelineno-22-71"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-72" name="__codelineno-22-72" href="#__codelineno-22-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">recur</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o"><&</span><span class="n">Rc</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">RefCell</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">>>>></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-73" name="__codelineno-22-73" href="#__codelineno-22-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-74" name="__codelineno-22-74" href="#__codelineno-22-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-75" name="__codelineno-22-75" href="#__codelineno-22-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cur</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">as_ref</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-76" name="__codelineno-22-76" href="#__codelineno-22-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-77" name="__codelineno-22-77" href="#__codelineno-22-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-78" name="__codelineno-22-78" href="#__codelineno-22-78"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-79" name="__codelineno-22-79" href="#__codelineno-22-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recur</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-80" name="__codelineno-22-80" href="#__codelineno-22-80"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-81" name="__codelineno-22-81" href="#__codelineno-22-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-82" name="__codelineno-22-82" href="#__codelineno-22-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-22-83" name="__codelineno-22-83" href="#__codelineno-22-83"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Constructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">newLinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-15" name="__codelineno-23-15" href="#__codelineno-23-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-16" name="__codelineno-23-16" href="#__codelineno-23-16"></a><span class="cm">/* Destructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-17" name="__codelineno-23-17" href="#__codelineno-23-17"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">delLinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-18" name="__codelineno-23-18" href="#__codelineno-23-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Free all nodes</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-19" name="__codelineno-23-19" href="#__codelineno-23-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-20" name="__codelineno-23-20" href="#__codelineno-23-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-21" name="__codelineno-23-21" href="#__codelineno-23-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-22" name="__codelineno-23-22" href="#__codelineno-23-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-23" name="__codelineno-23-23" href="#__codelineno-23-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-24" name="__codelineno-23-24" href="#__codelineno-23-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Free the queue structure</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-25" name="__codelineno-23-25" href="#__codelineno-23-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-26" name="__codelineno-23-26" href="#__codelineno-23-26"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-27" name="__codelineno-23-27" href="#__codelineno-23-27"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-28" name="__codelineno-23-28" href="#__codelineno-23-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-29" name="__codelineno-23-29" href="#__codelineno-23-29"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-30" name="__codelineno-23-30" href="#__codelineno-23-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-31" name="__codelineno-23-31" href="#__codelineno-23-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-32" name="__codelineno-23-32" href="#__codelineno-23-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-33" name="__codelineno-23-33" href="#__codelineno-23-33"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-34" name="__codelineno-23-34" href="#__codelineno-23-34"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-35" name="__codelineno-23-35" href="#__codelineno-23-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-36" name="__codelineno-23-36" href="#__codelineno-23-36"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-37" name="__codelineno-23-37" href="#__codelineno-23-37"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-38" name="__codelineno-23-38" href="#__codelineno-23-38"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-39" name="__codelineno-23-39" href="#__codelineno-23-39"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-40" name="__codelineno-23-40" href="#__codelineno-23-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node at the tail</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-41" name="__codelineno-23-41" href="#__codelineno-23-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-42" name="__codelineno-23-42" href="#__codelineno-23-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-43" name="__codelineno-23-43" href="#__codelineno-23-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-44" name="__codelineno-23-44" href="#__codelineno-23-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-45" name="__codelineno-23-45" href="#__codelineno-23-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-46" name="__codelineno-23-46" href="#__codelineno-23-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-47" name="__codelineno-23-47" href="#__codelineno-23-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-48" name="__codelineno-23-48" href="#__codelineno-23-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-49" name="__codelineno-23-49" href="#__codelineno-23-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-50" name="__codelineno-23-50" href="#__codelineno-23-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-51" name="__codelineno-23-51" href="#__codelineno-23-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-52" name="__codelineno-23-52" href="#__codelineno-23-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-53" name="__codelineno-23-53" href="#__codelineno-23-53"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-54" name="__codelineno-23-54" href="#__codelineno-23-54"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-55" name="__codelineno-23-55" href="#__codelineno-23-55"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-56" name="__codelineno-23-56" href="#__codelineno-23-56"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-57" name="__codelineno-23-57" href="#__codelineno-23-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-58" name="__codelineno-23-58" href="#__codelineno-23-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-59" name="__codelineno-23-59" href="#__codelineno-23-59"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-60" name="__codelineno-23-60" href="#__codelineno-23-60"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-61" name="__codelineno-23-61" href="#__codelineno-23-61"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-62" name="__codelineno-23-62" href="#__codelineno-23-62"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-63" name="__codelineno-23-63" href="#__codelineno-23-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-64" name="__codelineno-23-64" href="#__codelineno-23-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-65" name="__codelineno-23-65" href="#__codelineno-23-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-66" name="__codelineno-23-66" href="#__codelineno-23-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-67" name="__codelineno-23-67" href="#__codelineno-23-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-68" name="__codelineno-23-68" href="#__codelineno-23-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-69" name="__codelineno-23-69" href="#__codelineno-23-69"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-70" name="__codelineno-23-70" href="#__codelineno-23-70"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-71" name="__codelineno-23-71" href="#__codelineno-23-71"></a><span class="cm">/* Print the queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-72" name="__codelineno-23-72" href="#__codelineno-23-72"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">printLinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-73" name="__codelineno-23-73" href="#__codelineno-23-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-74" name="__codelineno-23-74" href="#__codelineno-23-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy the linked list data into an array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-75" name="__codelineno-23-75" href="#__codelineno-23-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-76" name="__codelineno-23-76" href="#__codelineno-23-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-77" name="__codelineno-23-77" href="#__codelineno-23-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-78" name="__codelineno-23-78" href="#__codelineno-23-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-79" name="__codelineno-23-79" href="#__codelineno-23-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-80" name="__codelineno-23-80" href="#__codelineno-23-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-81" name="__codelineno-23-81" href="#__codelineno-23-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-82" name="__codelineno-23-82" href="#__codelineno-23-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-23-83" name="__codelineno-23-83" href="#__codelineno-23-83"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a linked list */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Head node front and tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">rear</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">queSize</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-12" name="__codelineno-24-12" href="#__codelineno-24-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-13" name="__codelineno-24-13" href="#__codelineno-24-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-14" name="__codelineno-24-14" href="#__codelineno-24-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-15" name="__codelineno-24-15" href="#__codelineno-24-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-16" name="__codelineno-24-16" href="#__codelineno-24-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-17" name="__codelineno-24-17" href="#__codelineno-24-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-18" name="__codelineno-24-18" href="#__codelineno-24-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-19" name="__codelineno-24-19" href="#__codelineno-24-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-20" name="__codelineno-24-20" href="#__codelineno-24-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-21" name="__codelineno-24-21" href="#__codelineno-24-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-22" name="__codelineno-24-22" href="#__codelineno-24-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-23" name="__codelineno-24-23" href="#__codelineno-24-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is empty, make both the head and tail point to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-24" name="__codelineno-24-24" href="#__codelineno-24-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-25" name="__codelineno-24-25" href="#__codelineno-24-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-26" name="__codelineno-24-26" href="#__codelineno-24-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-27" name="__codelineno-24-27" href="#__codelineno-24-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If the queue is not empty, add this node after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-28" name="__codelineno-24-28" href="#__codelineno-24-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-29" name="__codelineno-24-29" href="#__codelineno-24-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">?.</span><span class="na">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-30" name="__codelineno-24-30" href="#__codelineno-24-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-31" name="__codelineno-24-31" href="#__codelineno-24-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-32" name="__codelineno-24-32" href="#__codelineno-24-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-33" name="__codelineno-24-33" href="#__codelineno-24-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-34" name="__codelineno-24-34" href="#__codelineno-24-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-35" name="__codelineno-24-35" href="#__codelineno-24-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-36" name="__codelineno-24-36" href="#__codelineno-24-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-37" name="__codelineno-24-37" href="#__codelineno-24-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-38" name="__codelineno-24-38" href="#__codelineno-24-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-39" name="__codelineno-24-39" href="#__codelineno-24-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">?.</span><span class="na">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-40" name="__codelineno-24-40" href="#__codelineno-24-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-41" name="__codelineno-24-41" href="#__codelineno-24-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-42" name="__codelineno-24-42" href="#__codelineno-24-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-43" name="__codelineno-24-43" href="#__codelineno-24-43"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-44" name="__codelineno-24-44" href="#__codelineno-24-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-45" name="__codelineno-24-45" href="#__codelineno-24-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-46" name="__codelineno-24-46" href="#__codelineno-24-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-47" name="__codelineno-24-47" href="#__codelineno-24-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">!!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">_val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-48" name="__codelineno-24-48" href="#__codelineno-24-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-49" name="__codelineno-24-49" href="#__codelineno-24-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-50" name="__codelineno-24-50" href="#__codelineno-24-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the linked list to an array and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-51" name="__codelineno-24-51" href="#__codelineno-24-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-52" name="__codelineno-24-52" href="#__codelineno-24-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-53" name="__codelineno-24-53" href="#__codelineno-24-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-54" name="__codelineno-24-54" href="#__codelineno-24-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-55" name="__codelineno-24-55" href="#__codelineno-24-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">!!</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">_val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-56" name="__codelineno-24-56" href="#__codelineno-24-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-57" name="__codelineno-24-57" href="#__codelineno-24-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-58" name="__codelineno-24-58" href="#__codelineno-24-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-59" name="__codelineno-24-59" href="#__codelineno-24-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-24-60" name="__codelineno-24-60" href="#__codelineno-24-60"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">linkedlist_queue.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="c1">### Queue implemented with a linked list ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">LinkedListQueue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Get the queue size ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Constructor ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">initialize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Head node front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-9" name="__codelineno-25-9" href="#__codelineno-25-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Tail node rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-10" name="__codelineno-25-10" href="#__codelineno-25-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-11" name="__codelineno-25-11" href="#__codelineno-25-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-12" name="__codelineno-25-12" href="#__codelineno-25-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-13" name="__codelineno-25-13" href="#__codelineno-25-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Check whether the queue is empty ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-14" name="__codelineno-25-14" href="#__codelineno-25-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-15" name="__codelineno-25-15" href="#__codelineno-25-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nil?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-16" name="__codelineno-25-16" href="#__codelineno-25-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-17" name="__codelineno-25-17" href="#__codelineno-25-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-18" name="__codelineno-25-18" href="#__codelineno-25-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Enqueue ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-19" name="__codelineno-25-19" href="#__codelineno-25-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-20" name="__codelineno-25-20" href="#__codelineno-25-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Add num after the tail node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-21" name="__codelineno-25-21" href="#__codelineno-25-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">ListNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-22" name="__codelineno-25-22" href="#__codelineno-25-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-23" name="__codelineno-25-23" href="#__codelineno-25-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># If the queue is empty, point both the head and tail to this node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-24" name="__codelineno-25-24" href="#__codelineno-25-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nil?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-25" name="__codelineno-25-25" href="#__codelineno-25-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-26" name="__codelineno-25-26" href="#__codelineno-25-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-27" name="__codelineno-25-27" href="#__codelineno-25-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># If the queue is not empty, append this node after the tail</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-28" name="__codelineno-25-28" href="#__codelineno-25-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-29" name="__codelineno-25-29" href="#__codelineno-25-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@rear</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-30" name="__codelineno-25-30" href="#__codelineno-25-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-31" name="__codelineno-25-31" href="#__codelineno-25-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-32" name="__codelineno-25-32" href="#__codelineno-25-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-33" name="__codelineno-25-33" href="#__codelineno-25-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-34" name="__codelineno-25-34" href="#__codelineno-25-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-35" name="__codelineno-25-35" href="#__codelineno-25-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-36" name="__codelineno-25-36" href="#__codelineno-25-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Dequeue ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-37" name="__codelineno-25-37" href="#__codelineno-25-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-38" name="__codelineno-25-38" href="#__codelineno-25-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-39" name="__codelineno-25-39" href="#__codelineno-25-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Remove the head node</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-40" name="__codelineno-25-40" href="#__codelineno-25-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-41" name="__codelineno-25-41" href="#__codelineno-25-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-42" name="__codelineno-25-42" href="#__codelineno-25-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-43" name="__codelineno-25-43" href="#__codelineno-25-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-44" name="__codelineno-25-44" href="#__codelineno-25-44"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-45" name="__codelineno-25-45" href="#__codelineno-25-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Access the front element ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-46" name="__codelineno-25-46" href="#__codelineno-25-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-47" name="__codelineno-25-47" href="#__codelineno-25-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-48" name="__codelineno-25-48" href="#__codelineno-25-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-49" name="__codelineno-25-49" href="#__codelineno-25-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-50" name="__codelineno-25-50" href="#__codelineno-25-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-51" name="__codelineno-25-51" href="#__codelineno-25-51"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-52" name="__codelineno-25-52" href="#__codelineno-25-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Convert the linked list to an Array and return it ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-53" name="__codelineno-25-53" href="#__codelineno-25-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-54" name="__codelineno-25-54" href="#__codelineno-25-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-55" name="__codelineno-25-55" href="#__codelineno-25-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-56" name="__codelineno-25-56" href="#__codelineno-25-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-57" name="__codelineno-25-57" href="#__codelineno-25-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-58" name="__codelineno-25-58" href="#__codelineno-25-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-59" name="__codelineno-25-59" href="#__codelineno-25-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-60" name="__codelineno-25-60" href="#__codelineno-25-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-61" name="__codelineno-25-61" href="#__codelineno-25-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-25-62" name="__codelineno-25-62" href="#__codelineno-25-62"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Visualize execution</summary>
|
||
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" title="Visualize execution" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20ListNode%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Linked%20list%20node%20class%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self,%20val%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.val%3A%20int%20%3D%20val%20%20%23%20Node%20value%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.next%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20Reference%20to%20the%20next%20node%0A%0A%0Aclass%20LinkedListQueue%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Queue%20implemented%20with%20a%20linked%20list%22%22%22%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Constructor%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._front%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20Head%20node%20front%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20Tail%20node%20rear%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._size%3A%20int%20%3D%200%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20size%28self%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Get%20the%20queue%20size%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20self._size%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20is_empty%28self%29%20-%3E%20bool%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Check%20whether%20the%20queue%20is%20empty%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20not%20self._front%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20push%28self,%20num%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Enqueue%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Add%20num%20after%20the%20tail%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20node%20%3D%20ListNode%28num%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20If%20the%20queue%20is%20empty,%20make%20both%20the%20head%20and%20tail%20point%20to%20this%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20self._front%20is%20None%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._front%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20If%20the%20queue%20is%20not%20empty,%20add%20this%20node%20after%20the%20tail%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear.next%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._size%20%2B%3D%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20pop%28self%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Dequeue%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20num%20%3D%20self.peek%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Remove%20the%20head%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._front%20%3D%20self._front.next%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._size%20-%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20num%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20peek%28self%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Access%20the%20front%20element%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20self.is_empty%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20raise%20IndexError%28%22Queue%20is%20empty%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20self._front.val%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20to_list%28self%29%20-%3E%20list%5Bint%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Convert%20to%20a%20list%20for%20printing%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20queue%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20temp%20%3D%20self._front%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20while%20temp%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20queue.append%28temp.val%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20temp%20%3D%20temp.next%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20queue%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Initialize%20the%20queue%0A%20%20%20%20queue%20%3D%20LinkedListQueue%28%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Enqueue%20elements%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%20queue%20%3D%22,%20queue.to_list%28%29%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Access%20the%20front%20element%0A%20%20%20%20peek%20%3D%20queue.peek%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Front%20element%20peek%20%3D%22,%20peek%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Dequeue%20an%20element%0A%20%20%20%20pop_front%20%3D%20queue.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Dequeued%20element%20pop_front%20%3D%22,%20pop_front%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22After%20dequeuing,%20queue%20%3D%22,%20queue.to_list%28%29%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20queue%20size%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20queue.size%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%20size%20%3D%22,%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Check%20whether%20the%20queue%20is%20empty%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20queue.is_empty%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Is%20the%20queue%20empty%20%3D%22,%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=4&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
|
||
<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20ListNode%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Linked%20list%20node%20class%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self,%20val%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.val%3A%20int%20%3D%20val%20%20%23%20Node%20value%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.next%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20Reference%20to%20the%20next%20node%0A%0A%0Aclass%20LinkedListQueue%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Queue%20implemented%20with%20a%20linked%20list%22%22%22%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Constructor%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._front%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20Head%20node%20front%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20Tail%20node%20rear%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._size%3A%20int%20%3D%200%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20size%28self%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Get%20the%20queue%20size%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20self._size%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20is_empty%28self%29%20-%3E%20bool%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Check%20whether%20the%20queue%20is%20empty%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20not%20self._front%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20push%28self,%20num%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Enqueue%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Add%20num%20after%20the%20tail%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20node%20%3D%20ListNode%28num%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20If%20the%20queue%20is%20empty,%20make%20both%20the%20head%20and%20tail%20point%20to%20this%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20self._front%20is%20None%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._front%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20If%20the%20queue%20is%20not%20empty,%20add%20this%20node%20after%20the%20tail%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20else%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear.next%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._rear%20%3D%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._size%20%2B%3D%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20pop%28self%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Dequeue%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20num%20%3D%20self.peek%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Remove%20the%20head%20node%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._front%20%3D%20self._front.next%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self._size%20-%3D%201%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20num%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20peek%28self%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Access%20the%20front%20element%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20self.is_empty%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20raise%20IndexError%28%22Queue%20is%20empty%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20self._front.val%0A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20to_list%28self%29%20-%3E%20list%5Bint%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%22%22%22Convert%20to%20a%20list%20for%20printing%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20queue%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20temp%20%3D%20self._front%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20while%20temp%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20queue.append%28temp.val%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20temp%20%3D%20temp.next%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20queue%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Initialize%20the%20queue%0A%20%20%20%20queue%20%3D%20LinkedListQueue%28%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Enqueue%20elements%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%281%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%283%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%282%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%285%29%0A%20%20%20%20queue.push%284%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%20queue%20%3D%22,%20queue.to_list%28%29%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Access%20the%20front%20element%0A%20%20%20%20peek%20%3D%20queue.peek%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Front%20element%20peek%20%3D%22,%20peek%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Dequeue%20an%20element%0A%20%20%20%20pop_front%20%3D%20queue.pop%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Dequeued%20element%20pop_front%20%3D%22,%20pop_front%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22After%20dequeuing,%20queue%20%3D%22,%20queue.to_list%28%29%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20queue%20size%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20queue.size%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Queue%20size%20%3D%22,%20size%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Check%20whether%20the%20queue%20is%20empty%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20queue.is_empty%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22Is%20the%20queue%20empty%20%3D%22,%20is_empty%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=4&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View full screen ></a></div></p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<h3 id="2-implementation-with-an-array">2. Implementation with an array<a class="headerlink" href="#2-implementation-with-an-array" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Removing the first element of an array takes <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> time, which would make dequeueing inefficient. A useful technique avoids this problem.</p>
|
||
<p>Use a variable <code>front</code> for the index of the front element and a variable <code>size</code> for the queue's length. Define <code>rear = front + size</code>, so <code>rear</code> points to the position immediately after the last element.</p>
|
||
<p>With this design, <strong>the occupied interval is <code>[front, rear - 1]</code></strong>. Operations work as shown below.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Enqueue: assign the new element to index <code>rear</code> and increase <code>size</code> by 1.</li>
|
||
<li>Dequeue: increase <code>front</code> by 1 and decrease <code>size</code> by 1.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Both operations require only a constant amount of work and take <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> time.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1"><1></label><label for="__tabbed_4_2"><2></label><label for="__tabbed_4_3"><3></label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><img alt="Enqueue and dequeue in an array-based queue" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/array_queue_step1.png" /></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><img alt="array_queue_push" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/array_queue_step2_push.png" /></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<p><img alt="array_queue_pop" class="animation-figure" src="../queue.assets/array_queue_step3_pop.png" /></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p align="center"> Figure 5-6 Enqueue and dequeue in an array-based queue </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>There is a problem: repeated enqueueing and dequeueing move both <code>front</code> and <code>rear</code> to the right, <strong>and they cannot continue once they reach the end of the array</strong>. To solve this, treat the array as circular, with its end connected to its beginning.</p>
|
||
<p>When <code>front</code> or <code>rear</code> passes the array's end, wrap it back to the beginning. The remainder operation implements this cyclic behavior:</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Queue implemented with a circular array"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Constructor"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">size</span> <span class="c1"># Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Get the queue capacity"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-13" name="__codelineno-26-13" href="#__codelineno-26-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-14" name="__codelineno-26-14" href="#__codelineno-26-14"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-15" name="__codelineno-26-15" href="#__codelineno-26-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Get the queue size"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-16" name="__codelineno-26-16" href="#__codelineno-26-16"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-17" name="__codelineno-26-17" href="#__codelineno-26-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-18" name="__codelineno-26-18" href="#__codelineno-26-18"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-19" name="__codelineno-26-19" href="#__codelineno-26-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Check whether the queue is empty"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-20" name="__codelineno-26-20" href="#__codelineno-26-20"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-21" name="__codelineno-26-21" href="#__codelineno-26-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-22" name="__codelineno-26-22" href="#__codelineno-26-22"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-23" name="__codelineno-26-23" href="#__codelineno-26-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Enqueue"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-24" name="__codelineno-26-24" href="#__codelineno-26-24"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-25" name="__codelineno-26-25" href="#__codelineno-26-25"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-26" name="__codelineno-26-26" href="#__codelineno-26-26"></a> <span class="c1"># Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-27" name="__codelineno-26-27" href="#__codelineno-26-27"></a> <span class="c1"># Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-28" name="__codelineno-26-28" href="#__codelineno-26-28"></a> <span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-29" name="__codelineno-26-29" href="#__codelineno-26-29"></a> <span class="c1"># Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-30" name="__codelineno-26-30" href="#__codelineno-26-30"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-31" name="__codelineno-26-31" href="#__codelineno-26-31"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-32" name="__codelineno-26-32" href="#__codelineno-26-32"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-33" name="__codelineno-26-33" href="#__codelineno-26-33"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-34" name="__codelineno-26-34" href="#__codelineno-26-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Dequeue"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-35" name="__codelineno-26-35" href="#__codelineno-26-35"></a> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-36" name="__codelineno-26-36" href="#__codelineno-26-36"></a> <span class="c1"># Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-37" name="__codelineno-26-37" href="#__codelineno-26-37"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-38" name="__codelineno-26-38" href="#__codelineno-26-38"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_size</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-39" name="__codelineno-26-39" href="#__codelineno-26-39"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-40" name="__codelineno-26-40" href="#__codelineno-26-40"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-41" name="__codelineno-26-41" href="#__codelineno-26-41"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-42" name="__codelineno-26-42" href="#__codelineno-26-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Access the front element"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-43" name="__codelineno-26-43" href="#__codelineno-26-43"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-44" name="__codelineno-26-44" href="#__codelineno-26-44"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-45" name="__codelineno-26-45" href="#__codelineno-26-45"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-46" name="__codelineno-26-46" href="#__codelineno-26-46"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-47" name="__codelineno-26-47" href="#__codelineno-26-47"></a> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-48" name="__codelineno-26-48" href="#__codelineno-26-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""Return a list for printing"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-49" name="__codelineno-26-49" href="#__codelineno-26-49"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-50" name="__codelineno-26-50" href="#__codelineno-26-50"></a> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-51" name="__codelineno-26-51" href="#__codelineno-26-51"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()):</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-52" name="__codelineno-26-52" href="#__codelineno-26-52"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-53" name="__codelineno-26-53" href="#__codelineno-26-53"></a> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-26-54" name="__codelineno-26-54" href="#__codelineno-26-54"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front index, identifying the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-9" name="__codelineno-27-9" href="#__codelineno-27-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-10" name="__codelineno-27-10" href="#__codelineno-27-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-11" name="__codelineno-27-11" href="#__codelineno-27-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-12" name="__codelineno-27-12" href="#__codelineno-27-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-13" name="__codelineno-27-13" href="#__codelineno-27-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-14" name="__codelineno-27-14" href="#__codelineno-27-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-15" name="__codelineno-27-15" href="#__codelineno-27-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-16" name="__codelineno-27-16" href="#__codelineno-27-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-17" name="__codelineno-27-17" href="#__codelineno-27-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-18" name="__codelineno-27-18" href="#__codelineno-27-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-19" name="__codelineno-27-19" href="#__codelineno-27-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-20" name="__codelineno-27-20" href="#__codelineno-27-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-21" name="__codelineno-27-21" href="#__codelineno-27-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-22" name="__codelineno-27-22" href="#__codelineno-27-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-23" name="__codelineno-27-23" href="#__codelineno-27-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-24" name="__codelineno-27-24" href="#__codelineno-27-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-25" name="__codelineno-27-25" href="#__codelineno-27-25"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-26" name="__codelineno-27-26" href="#__codelineno-27-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-27" name="__codelineno-27-27" href="#__codelineno-27-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-28" name="__codelineno-27-28" href="#__codelineno-27-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-29" name="__codelineno-27-29" href="#__codelineno-27-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-30" name="__codelineno-27-30" href="#__codelineno-27-30"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-31" name="__codelineno-27-31" href="#__codelineno-27-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-32" name="__codelineno-27-32" href="#__codelineno-27-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-33" name="__codelineno-27-33" href="#__codelineno-27-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-34" name="__codelineno-27-34" href="#__codelineno-27-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-35" name="__codelineno-27-35" href="#__codelineno-27-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-36" name="__codelineno-27-36" href="#__codelineno-27-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-37" name="__codelineno-27-37" href="#__codelineno-27-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-38" name="__codelineno-27-38" href="#__codelineno-27-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-39" name="__codelineno-27-39" href="#__codelineno-27-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Queue is full"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-40" name="__codelineno-27-40" href="#__codelineno-27-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-41" name="__codelineno-27-41" href="#__codelineno-27-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-42" name="__codelineno-27-42" href="#__codelineno-27-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear index, one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-43" name="__codelineno-27-43" href="#__codelineno-27-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-44" name="__codelineno-27-44" href="#__codelineno-27-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-45" name="__codelineno-27-45" href="#__codelineno-27-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-46" name="__codelineno-27-46" href="#__codelineno-27-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-47" name="__codelineno-27-47" href="#__codelineno-27-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-48" name="__codelineno-27-48" href="#__codelineno-27-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-49" name="__codelineno-27-49" href="#__codelineno-27-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-50" name="__codelineno-27-50" href="#__codelineno-27-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-51" name="__codelineno-27-51" href="#__codelineno-27-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-52" name="__codelineno-27-52" href="#__codelineno-27-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-53" name="__codelineno-27-53" href="#__codelineno-27-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front index by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-54" name="__codelineno-27-54" href="#__codelineno-27-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-55" name="__codelineno-27-55" href="#__codelineno-27-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-56" name="__codelineno-27-56" href="#__codelineno-27-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-57" name="__codelineno-27-57" href="#__codelineno-27-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-58" name="__codelineno-27-58" href="#__codelineno-27-58"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-59" name="__codelineno-27-59" href="#__codelineno-27-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-60" name="__codelineno-27-60" href="#__codelineno-27-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-61" name="__codelineno-27-61" href="#__codelineno-27-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-62" name="__codelineno-27-62" href="#__codelineno-27-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-63" name="__codelineno-27-63" href="#__codelineno-27-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-64" name="__codelineno-27-64" href="#__codelineno-27-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-65" name="__codelineno-27-65" href="#__codelineno-27-65"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-66" name="__codelineno-27-66" href="#__codelineno-27-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Convert the array to a vector and return it */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-67" name="__codelineno-27-67" href="#__codelineno-27-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toVector</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-68" name="__codelineno-27-68" href="#__codelineno-27-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy only the elements in the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-69" name="__codelineno-27-69" href="#__codelineno-27-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-70" name="__codelineno-27-70" href="#__codelineno-27-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-71" name="__codelineno-27-71" href="#__codelineno-27-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-72" name="__codelineno-27-72" href="#__codelineno-27-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-73" name="__codelineno-27-73" href="#__codelineno-27-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-74" name="__codelineno-27-74" href="#__codelineno-27-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-27-75" name="__codelineno-27-75" href="#__codelineno-27-75"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-5" name="__codelineno-28-5" href="#__codelineno-28-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-6" name="__codelineno-28-6" href="#__codelineno-28-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-7" name="__codelineno-28-7" href="#__codelineno-28-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-8" name="__codelineno-28-8" href="#__codelineno-28-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-9" name="__codelineno-28-9" href="#__codelineno-28-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-10" name="__codelineno-28-10" href="#__codelineno-28-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-11" name="__codelineno-28-11" href="#__codelineno-28-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-12" name="__codelineno-28-12" href="#__codelineno-28-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-13" name="__codelineno-28-13" href="#__codelineno-28-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-14" name="__codelineno-28-14" href="#__codelineno-28-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-15" name="__codelineno-28-15" href="#__codelineno-28-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-16" name="__codelineno-28-16" href="#__codelineno-28-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-17" name="__codelineno-28-17" href="#__codelineno-28-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-18" name="__codelineno-28-18" href="#__codelineno-28-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-19" name="__codelineno-28-19" href="#__codelineno-28-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-20" name="__codelineno-28-20" href="#__codelineno-28-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-21" name="__codelineno-28-21" href="#__codelineno-28-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-22" name="__codelineno-28-22" href="#__codelineno-28-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-23" name="__codelineno-28-23" href="#__codelineno-28-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-24" name="__codelineno-28-24" href="#__codelineno-28-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-25" name="__codelineno-28-25" href="#__codelineno-28-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-26" name="__codelineno-28-26" href="#__codelineno-28-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-27" name="__codelineno-28-27" href="#__codelineno-28-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-28" name="__codelineno-28-28" href="#__codelineno-28-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-29" name="__codelineno-28-29" href="#__codelineno-28-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-30" name="__codelineno-28-30" href="#__codelineno-28-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-31" name="__codelineno-28-31" href="#__codelineno-28-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-32" name="__codelineno-28-32" href="#__codelineno-28-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-33" name="__codelineno-28-33" href="#__codelineno-28-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-34" name="__codelineno-28-34" href="#__codelineno-28-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-35" name="__codelineno-28-35" href="#__codelineno-28-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-36" name="__codelineno-28-36" href="#__codelineno-28-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-37" name="__codelineno-28-37" href="#__codelineno-28-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-38" name="__codelineno-28-38" href="#__codelineno-28-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-39" name="__codelineno-28-39" href="#__codelineno-28-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-40" name="__codelineno-28-40" href="#__codelineno-28-40"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-41" name="__codelineno-28-41" href="#__codelineno-28-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-42" name="__codelineno-28-42" href="#__codelineno-28-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-43" name="__codelineno-28-43" href="#__codelineno-28-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-44" name="__codelineno-28-44" href="#__codelineno-28-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-45" name="__codelineno-28-45" href="#__codelineno-28-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-46" name="__codelineno-28-46" href="#__codelineno-28-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-47" name="__codelineno-28-47" href="#__codelineno-28-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-48" name="__codelineno-28-48" href="#__codelineno-28-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-49" name="__codelineno-28-49" href="#__codelineno-28-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-50" name="__codelineno-28-50" href="#__codelineno-28-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-51" name="__codelineno-28-51" href="#__codelineno-28-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-52" name="__codelineno-28-52" href="#__codelineno-28-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-53" name="__codelineno-28-53" href="#__codelineno-28-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-54" name="__codelineno-28-54" href="#__codelineno-28-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-55" name="__codelineno-28-55" href="#__codelineno-28-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-56" name="__codelineno-28-56" href="#__codelineno-28-56"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-57" name="__codelineno-28-57" href="#__codelineno-28-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-58" name="__codelineno-28-58" href="#__codelineno-28-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-59" name="__codelineno-28-59" href="#__codelineno-28-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Convert only the list elements within the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-60" name="__codelineno-28-60" href="#__codelineno-28-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-61" name="__codelineno-28-61" href="#__codelineno-28-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-62" name="__codelineno-28-62" href="#__codelineno-28-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-63" name="__codelineno-28-63" href="#__codelineno-28-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-64" name="__codelineno-28-64" href="#__codelineno-28-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-65" name="__codelineno-28-65" href="#__codelineno-28-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-28-66" name="__codelineno-28-66" href="#__codelineno-28-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-5" name="__codelineno-29-5" href="#__codelineno-29-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-6" name="__codelineno-29-6" href="#__codelineno-29-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-7" name="__codelineno-29-7" href="#__codelineno-29-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-8" name="__codelineno-29-8" href="#__codelineno-29-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-9" name="__codelineno-29-9" href="#__codelineno-29-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-10" name="__codelineno-29-10" href="#__codelineno-29-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-11" name="__codelineno-29-11" href="#__codelineno-29-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-12" name="__codelineno-29-12" href="#__codelineno-29-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-13" name="__codelineno-29-13" href="#__codelineno-29-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-14" name="__codelineno-29-14" href="#__codelineno-29-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-15" name="__codelineno-29-15" href="#__codelineno-29-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-16" name="__codelineno-29-16" href="#__codelineno-29-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-17" name="__codelineno-29-17" href="#__codelineno-29-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-18" name="__codelineno-29-18" href="#__codelineno-29-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-19" name="__codelineno-29-19" href="#__codelineno-29-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-20" name="__codelineno-29-20" href="#__codelineno-29-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-21" name="__codelineno-29-21" href="#__codelineno-29-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-22" name="__codelineno-29-22" href="#__codelineno-29-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-23" name="__codelineno-29-23" href="#__codelineno-29-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-24" name="__codelineno-29-24" href="#__codelineno-29-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-25" name="__codelineno-29-25" href="#__codelineno-29-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-26" name="__codelineno-29-26" href="#__codelineno-29-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-27" name="__codelineno-29-27" href="#__codelineno-29-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-28" name="__codelineno-29-28" href="#__codelineno-29-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-29" name="__codelineno-29-29" href="#__codelineno-29-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-30" name="__codelineno-29-30" href="#__codelineno-29-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">WriteLine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-31" name="__codelineno-29-31" href="#__codelineno-29-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-32" name="__codelineno-29-32" href="#__codelineno-29-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-33" name="__codelineno-29-33" href="#__codelineno-29-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-34" name="__codelineno-29-34" href="#__codelineno-29-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-35" name="__codelineno-29-35" href="#__codelineno-29-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-36" name="__codelineno-29-36" href="#__codelineno-29-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-37" name="__codelineno-29-37" href="#__codelineno-29-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-38" name="__codelineno-29-38" href="#__codelineno-29-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-39" name="__codelineno-29-39" href="#__codelineno-29-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-40" name="__codelineno-29-40" href="#__codelineno-29-40"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-41" name="__codelineno-29-41" href="#__codelineno-29-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-42" name="__codelineno-29-42" href="#__codelineno-29-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-43" name="__codelineno-29-43" href="#__codelineno-29-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-44" name="__codelineno-29-44" href="#__codelineno-29-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-45" name="__codelineno-29-45" href="#__codelineno-29-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Capacity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-46" name="__codelineno-29-46" href="#__codelineno-29-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-47" name="__codelineno-29-47" href="#__codelineno-29-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-48" name="__codelineno-29-48" href="#__codelineno-29-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-49" name="__codelineno-29-49" href="#__codelineno-29-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-50" name="__codelineno-29-50" href="#__codelineno-29-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-51" name="__codelineno-29-51" href="#__codelineno-29-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-52" name="__codelineno-29-52" href="#__codelineno-29-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-53" name="__codelineno-29-53" href="#__codelineno-29-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Exception</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-54" name="__codelineno-29-54" href="#__codelineno-29-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-55" name="__codelineno-29-55" href="#__codelineno-29-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-56" name="__codelineno-29-56" href="#__codelineno-29-56"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-57" name="__codelineno-29-57" href="#__codelineno-29-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-58" name="__codelineno-29-58" href="#__codelineno-29-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ToArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-59" name="__codelineno-29-59" href="#__codelineno-29-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy only the elements within the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-60" name="__codelineno-29-60" href="#__codelineno-29-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-61" name="__codelineno-29-61" href="#__codelineno-29-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-62" name="__codelineno-29-62" href="#__codelineno-29-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Capacity</span><span class="p">()];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-63" name="__codelineno-29-63" href="#__codelineno-29-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-64" name="__codelineno-29-64" href="#__codelineno-29-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-65" name="__codelineno-29-65" href="#__codelineno-29-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-29-66" name="__codelineno-29-66" href="#__codelineno-29-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-5" name="__codelineno-30-5" href="#__codelineno-30-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-6" name="__codelineno-30-6" href="#__codelineno-30-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue capacity (the maximum number of elements)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-7" name="__codelineno-30-7" href="#__codelineno-30-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-8" name="__codelineno-30-8" href="#__codelineno-30-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-9" name="__codelineno-30-9" href="#__codelineno-30-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize the queue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-10" name="__codelineno-30-10" href="#__codelineno-30-10"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">newArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-11" name="__codelineno-30-11" href="#__codelineno-30-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-12" name="__codelineno-30-12" href="#__codelineno-30-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-13" name="__codelineno-30-13" href="#__codelineno-30-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-14" name="__codelineno-30-14" href="#__codelineno-30-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-15" name="__codelineno-30-15" href="#__codelineno-30-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-16" name="__codelineno-30-16" href="#__codelineno-30-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-17" name="__codelineno-30-17" href="#__codelineno-30-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-18" name="__codelineno-30-18" href="#__codelineno-30-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-19" name="__codelineno-30-19" href="#__codelineno-30-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-20" name="__codelineno-30-20" href="#__codelineno-30-20"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-21" name="__codelineno-30-21" href="#__codelineno-30-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-22" name="__codelineno-30-22" href="#__codelineno-30-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-23" name="__codelineno-30-23" href="#__codelineno-30-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-24" name="__codelineno-30-24" href="#__codelineno-30-24"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-25" name="__codelineno-30-25" href="#__codelineno-30-25"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-26" name="__codelineno-30-26" href="#__codelineno-30-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-27" name="__codelineno-30-27" href="#__codelineno-30-27"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-28" name="__codelineno-30-28" href="#__codelineno-30-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-29" name="__codelineno-30-29" href="#__codelineno-30-29"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-30" name="__codelineno-30-30" href="#__codelineno-30-30"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-31" name="__codelineno-30-31" href="#__codelineno-30-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// The queue is full when queSize == queCapacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-32" name="__codelineno-30-32" href="#__codelineno-30-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-33" name="__codelineno-30-33" href="#__codelineno-30-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-34" name="__codelineno-30-34" href="#__codelineno-30-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-35" name="__codelineno-30-35" href="#__codelineno-30-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-36" name="__codelineno-30-36" href="#__codelineno-30-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-37" name="__codelineno-30-37" href="#__codelineno-30-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-38" name="__codelineno-30-38" href="#__codelineno-30-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-39" name="__codelineno-30-39" href="#__codelineno-30-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-40" name="__codelineno-30-40" href="#__codelineno-30-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-41" name="__codelineno-30-41" href="#__codelineno-30-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-42" name="__codelineno-30-42" href="#__codelineno-30-42"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-43" name="__codelineno-30-43" href="#__codelineno-30-43"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-44" name="__codelineno-30-44" href="#__codelineno-30-44"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-45" name="__codelineno-30-45" href="#__codelineno-30-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-46" name="__codelineno-30-46" href="#__codelineno-30-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-47" name="__codelineno-30-47" href="#__codelineno-30-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-48" name="__codelineno-30-48" href="#__codelineno-30-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-49" name="__codelineno-30-49" href="#__codelineno-30-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-50" name="__codelineno-30-50" href="#__codelineno-30-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-51" name="__codelineno-30-51" href="#__codelineno-30-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-52" name="__codelineno-30-52" href="#__codelineno-30-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-53" name="__codelineno-30-53" href="#__codelineno-30-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-54" name="__codelineno-30-54" href="#__codelineno-30-54"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-55" name="__codelineno-30-55" href="#__codelineno-30-55"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-56" name="__codelineno-30-56" href="#__codelineno-30-56"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-57" name="__codelineno-30-57" href="#__codelineno-30-57"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-58" name="__codelineno-30-58" href="#__codelineno-30-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-59" name="__codelineno-30-59" href="#__codelineno-30-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-60" name="__codelineno-30-60" href="#__codelineno-30-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-61" name="__codelineno-30-61" href="#__codelineno-30-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-62" name="__codelineno-30-62" href="#__codelineno-30-62"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-63" name="__codelineno-30-63" href="#__codelineno-30-63"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-64" name="__codelineno-30-64" href="#__codelineno-30-64"></a><span class="cm">/* Get a slice for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-65" name="__codelineno-30-65" href="#__codelineno-30-65"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">arrayQueue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toSlice</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-66" name="__codelineno-30-66" href="#__codelineno-30-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-67" name="__codelineno-30-67" href="#__codelineno-30-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-68" name="__codelineno-30-68" href="#__codelineno-30-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queCapacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-69" name="__codelineno-30-69" href="#__codelineno-30-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">:],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">]...)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-70" name="__codelineno-30-70" href="#__codelineno-30-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-71" name="__codelineno-30-71" href="#__codelineno-30-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-30-72" name="__codelineno-30-72" href="#__codelineno-30-72"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front index, identifying the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-10" name="__codelineno-31-10" href="#__codelineno-31-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-11" name="__codelineno-31-11" href="#__codelineno-31-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-12" name="__codelineno-31-12" href="#__codelineno-31-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-13" name="__codelineno-31-13" href="#__codelineno-31-13"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-14" name="__codelineno-31-14" href="#__codelineno-31-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-15" name="__codelineno-31-15" href="#__codelineno-31-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-16" name="__codelineno-31-16" href="#__codelineno-31-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-17" name="__codelineno-31-17" href="#__codelineno-31-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-18" name="__codelineno-31-18" href="#__codelineno-31-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-19" name="__codelineno-31-19" href="#__codelineno-31-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-20" name="__codelineno-31-20" href="#__codelineno-31-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-21" name="__codelineno-31-21" href="#__codelineno-31-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-22" name="__codelineno-31-22" href="#__codelineno-31-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-23" name="__codelineno-31-23" href="#__codelineno-31-23"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-24" name="__codelineno-31-24" href="#__codelineno-31-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-25" name="__codelineno-31-25" href="#__codelineno-31-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-26" name="__codelineno-31-26" href="#__codelineno-31-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-27" name="__codelineno-31-27" href="#__codelineno-31-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-28" name="__codelineno-31-28" href="#__codelineno-31-28"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-29" name="__codelineno-31-29" href="#__codelineno-31-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-30" name="__codelineno-31-30" href="#__codelineno-31-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-31" name="__codelineno-31-31" href="#__codelineno-31-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-32" name="__codelineno-31-32" href="#__codelineno-31-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-33" name="__codelineno-31-33" href="#__codelineno-31-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-34" name="__codelineno-31-34" href="#__codelineno-31-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-35" name="__codelineno-31-35" href="#__codelineno-31-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear index, one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-36" name="__codelineno-31-36" href="#__codelineno-31-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-37" name="__codelineno-31-37" href="#__codelineno-31-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-38" name="__codelineno-31-38" href="#__codelineno-31-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-39" name="__codelineno-31-39" href="#__codelineno-31-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-40" name="__codelineno-31-40" href="#__codelineno-31-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-41" name="__codelineno-31-41" href="#__codelineno-31-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-42" name="__codelineno-31-42" href="#__codelineno-31-42"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-43" name="__codelineno-31-43" href="#__codelineno-31-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-44" name="__codelineno-31-44" href="#__codelineno-31-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">@</span><span class="n">discardableResult</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-45" name="__codelineno-31-45" href="#__codelineno-31-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-46" name="__codelineno-31-46" href="#__codelineno-31-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-47" name="__codelineno-31-47" href="#__codelineno-31-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front index by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-48" name="__codelineno-31-48" href="#__codelineno-31-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-49" name="__codelineno-31-49" href="#__codelineno-31-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-50" name="__codelineno-31-50" href="#__codelineno-31-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-51" name="__codelineno-31-51" href="#__codelineno-31-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-52" name="__codelineno-31-52" href="#__codelineno-31-52"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-53" name="__codelineno-31-53" href="#__codelineno-31-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-54" name="__codelineno-31-54" href="#__codelineno-31-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-55" name="__codelineno-31-55" href="#__codelineno-31-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-56" name="__codelineno-31-56" href="#__codelineno-31-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-57" name="__codelineno-31-57" href="#__codelineno-31-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-58" name="__codelineno-31-58" href="#__codelineno-31-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-59" name="__codelineno-31-59" href="#__codelineno-31-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-60" name="__codelineno-31-60" href="#__codelineno-31-60"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-61" name="__codelineno-31-61" href="#__codelineno-31-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-62" name="__codelineno-31-62" href="#__codelineno-31-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-63" name="__codelineno-31-63" href="#__codelineno-31-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Include only the elements in the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-64" name="__codelineno-31-64" href="#__codelineno-31-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">..</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()).</span><span class="bp">map</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-65" name="__codelineno-31-65" href="#__codelineno-31-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-31-66" name="__codelineno-31-66" href="#__codelineno-31-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-7" name="__codelineno-32-7" href="#__codelineno-32-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-8" name="__codelineno-32-8" href="#__codelineno-32-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-9" name="__codelineno-32-9" href="#__codelineno-32-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-10" name="__codelineno-32-10" href="#__codelineno-32-10"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-11" name="__codelineno-32-11" href="#__codelineno-32-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-12" name="__codelineno-32-12" href="#__codelineno-32-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-13" name="__codelineno-32-13" href="#__codelineno-32-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-14" name="__codelineno-32-14" href="#__codelineno-32-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-15" name="__codelineno-32-15" href="#__codelineno-32-15"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-16" name="__codelineno-32-16" href="#__codelineno-32-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-17" name="__codelineno-32-17" href="#__codelineno-32-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-18" name="__codelineno-32-18" href="#__codelineno-32-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-19" name="__codelineno-32-19" href="#__codelineno-32-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-20" name="__codelineno-32-20" href="#__codelineno-32-20"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-21" name="__codelineno-32-21" href="#__codelineno-32-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-22" name="__codelineno-32-22" href="#__codelineno-32-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-23" name="__codelineno-32-23" href="#__codelineno-32-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-24" name="__codelineno-32-24" href="#__codelineno-32-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-25" name="__codelineno-32-25" href="#__codelineno-32-25"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-26" name="__codelineno-32-26" href="#__codelineno-32-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-27" name="__codelineno-32-27" href="#__codelineno-32-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-28" name="__codelineno-32-28" href="#__codelineno-32-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-29" name="__codelineno-32-29" href="#__codelineno-32-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is full'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-30" name="__codelineno-32-30" href="#__codelineno-32-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-31" name="__codelineno-32-31" href="#__codelineno-32-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-32" name="__codelineno-32-32" href="#__codelineno-32-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-33" name="__codelineno-32-33" href="#__codelineno-32-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-34" name="__codelineno-32-34" href="#__codelineno-32-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-35" name="__codelineno-32-35" href="#__codelineno-32-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-36" name="__codelineno-32-36" href="#__codelineno-32-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-37" name="__codelineno-32-37" href="#__codelineno-32-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-38" name="__codelineno-32-38" href="#__codelineno-32-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-39" name="__codelineno-32-39" href="#__codelineno-32-39"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-40" name="__codelineno-32-40" href="#__codelineno-32-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-41" name="__codelineno-32-41" href="#__codelineno-32-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-42" name="__codelineno-32-42" href="#__codelineno-32-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-43" name="__codelineno-32-43" href="#__codelineno-32-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-44" name="__codelineno-32-44" href="#__codelineno-32-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-45" name="__codelineno-32-45" href="#__codelineno-32-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-46" name="__codelineno-32-46" href="#__codelineno-32-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-47" name="__codelineno-32-47" href="#__codelineno-32-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-48" name="__codelineno-32-48" href="#__codelineno-32-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-49" name="__codelineno-32-49" href="#__codelineno-32-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-50" name="__codelineno-32-50" href="#__codelineno-32-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-51" name="__codelineno-32-51" href="#__codelineno-32-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-52" name="__codelineno-32-52" href="#__codelineno-32-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-53" name="__codelineno-32-53" href="#__codelineno-32-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-54" name="__codelineno-32-54" href="#__codelineno-32-54"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-55" name="__codelineno-32-55" href="#__codelineno-32-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an Array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-56" name="__codelineno-32-56" href="#__codelineno-32-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-57" name="__codelineno-32-57" href="#__codelineno-32-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Convert only the list elements within the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-58" name="__codelineno-32-58" href="#__codelineno-32-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-59" name="__codelineno-32-59" href="#__codelineno-32-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-60" name="__codelineno-32-60" href="#__codelineno-32-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-61" name="__codelineno-32-61" href="#__codelineno-32-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-62" name="__codelineno-32-62" href="#__codelineno-32-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-63" name="__codelineno-32-63" href="#__codelineno-32-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-32-64" name="__codelineno-32-64" href="#__codelineno-32-64"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-7" name="__codelineno-33-7" href="#__codelineno-33-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-8" name="__codelineno-33-8" href="#__codelineno-33-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-9" name="__codelineno-33-9" href="#__codelineno-33-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-10" name="__codelineno-33-10" href="#__codelineno-33-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-11" name="__codelineno-33-11" href="#__codelineno-33-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-12" name="__codelineno-33-12" href="#__codelineno-33-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-13" name="__codelineno-33-13" href="#__codelineno-33-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-14" name="__codelineno-33-14" href="#__codelineno-33-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-15" name="__codelineno-33-15" href="#__codelineno-33-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-16" name="__codelineno-33-16" href="#__codelineno-33-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-17" name="__codelineno-33-17" href="#__codelineno-33-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-18" name="__codelineno-33-18" href="#__codelineno-33-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-19" name="__codelineno-33-19" href="#__codelineno-33-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-20" name="__codelineno-33-20" href="#__codelineno-33-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-21" name="__codelineno-33-21" href="#__codelineno-33-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-22" name="__codelineno-33-22" href="#__codelineno-33-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-23" name="__codelineno-33-23" href="#__codelineno-33-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-24" name="__codelineno-33-24" href="#__codelineno-33-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-25" name="__codelineno-33-25" href="#__codelineno-33-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-26" name="__codelineno-33-26" href="#__codelineno-33-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-27" name="__codelineno-33-27" href="#__codelineno-33-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-28" name="__codelineno-33-28" href="#__codelineno-33-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-29" name="__codelineno-33-29" href="#__codelineno-33-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-30" name="__codelineno-33-30" href="#__codelineno-33-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is full'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-31" name="__codelineno-33-31" href="#__codelineno-33-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-32" name="__codelineno-33-32" href="#__codelineno-33-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-33" name="__codelineno-33-33" href="#__codelineno-33-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-34" name="__codelineno-33-34" href="#__codelineno-33-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-35" name="__codelineno-33-35" href="#__codelineno-33-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-36" name="__codelineno-33-36" href="#__codelineno-33-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-37" name="__codelineno-33-37" href="#__codelineno-33-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-38" name="__codelineno-33-38" href="#__codelineno-33-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-39" name="__codelineno-33-39" href="#__codelineno-33-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-40" name="__codelineno-33-40" href="#__codelineno-33-40"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-41" name="__codelineno-33-41" href="#__codelineno-33-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-42" name="__codelineno-33-42" href="#__codelineno-33-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-43" name="__codelineno-33-43" href="#__codelineno-33-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-44" name="__codelineno-33-44" href="#__codelineno-33-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-45" name="__codelineno-33-45" href="#__codelineno-33-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-46" name="__codelineno-33-46" href="#__codelineno-33-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-47" name="__codelineno-33-47" href="#__codelineno-33-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-48" name="__codelineno-33-48" href="#__codelineno-33-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-49" name="__codelineno-33-49" href="#__codelineno-33-49"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-50" name="__codelineno-33-50" href="#__codelineno-33-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-51" name="__codelineno-33-51" href="#__codelineno-33-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-52" name="__codelineno-33-52" href="#__codelineno-33-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-53" name="__codelineno-33-53" href="#__codelineno-33-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-54" name="__codelineno-33-54" href="#__codelineno-33-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-55" name="__codelineno-33-55" href="#__codelineno-33-55"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-56" name="__codelineno-33-56" href="#__codelineno-33-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an Array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-57" name="__codelineno-33-57" href="#__codelineno-33-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-58" name="__codelineno-33-58" href="#__codelineno-33-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Convert only the list elements within the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-59" name="__codelineno-33-59" href="#__codelineno-33-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-60" name="__codelineno-33-60" href="#__codelineno-33-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-61" name="__codelineno-33-61" href="#__codelineno-33-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">capacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-62" name="__codelineno-33-62" href="#__codelineno-33-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-63" name="__codelineno-33-63" href="#__codelineno-33-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">arr</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-64" name="__codelineno-33-64" href="#__codelineno-33-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-33-65" name="__codelineno-33-65" href="#__codelineno-33-65"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">late</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">late</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-5" name="__codelineno-34-5" href="#__codelineno-34-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">late</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-6" name="__codelineno-34-6" href="#__codelineno-34-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-7" name="__codelineno-34-7" href="#__codelineno-34-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-8" name="__codelineno-34-8" href="#__codelineno-34-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-9" name="__codelineno-34-9" href="#__codelineno-34-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-10" name="__codelineno-34-10" href="#__codelineno-34-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-11" name="__codelineno-34-11" href="#__codelineno-34-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-12" name="__codelineno-34-12" href="#__codelineno-34-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-13" name="__codelineno-34-13" href="#__codelineno-34-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capaCity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-14" name="__codelineno-34-14" href="#__codelineno-34-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-15" name="__codelineno-34-15" href="#__codelineno-34-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-16" name="__codelineno-34-16" href="#__codelineno-34-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-17" name="__codelineno-34-17" href="#__codelineno-34-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-18" name="__codelineno-34-18" href="#__codelineno-34-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-19" name="__codelineno-34-19" href="#__codelineno-34-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-20" name="__codelineno-34-20" href="#__codelineno-34-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-21" name="__codelineno-34-21" href="#__codelineno-34-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-22" name="__codelineno-34-22" href="#__codelineno-34-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-23" name="__codelineno-34-23" href="#__codelineno-34-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-24" name="__codelineno-34-24" href="#__codelineno-34-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-25" name="__codelineno-34-25" href="#__codelineno-34-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-26" name="__codelineno-34-26" href="#__codelineno-34-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-27" name="__codelineno-34-27" href="#__codelineno-34-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-28" name="__codelineno-34-28" href="#__codelineno-34-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-29" name="__codelineno-34-29" href="#__codelineno-34-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capaCity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-30" name="__codelineno-34-30" href="#__codelineno-34-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-31" name="__codelineno-34-31" href="#__codelineno-34-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-32" name="__codelineno-34-32" href="#__codelineno-34-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-33" name="__codelineno-34-33" href="#__codelineno-34-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-34" name="__codelineno-34-34" href="#__codelineno-34-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capaCity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-35" name="__codelineno-34-35" href="#__codelineno-34-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add _num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-36" name="__codelineno-34-36" href="#__codelineno-34-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-37" name="__codelineno-34-37" href="#__codelineno-34-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-38" name="__codelineno-34-38" href="#__codelineno-34-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-39" name="__codelineno-34-39" href="#__codelineno-34-39"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-40" name="__codelineno-34-40" href="#__codelineno-34-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-41" name="__codelineno-34-41" href="#__codelineno-34-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-42" name="__codelineno-34-42" href="#__codelineno-34-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-43" name="__codelineno-34-43" href="#__codelineno-34-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-44" name="__codelineno-34-44" href="#__codelineno-34-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capaCity</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-45" name="__codelineno-34-45" href="#__codelineno-34-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-46" name="__codelineno-34-46" href="#__codelineno-34-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-47" name="__codelineno-34-47" href="#__codelineno-34-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-48" name="__codelineno-34-48" href="#__codelineno-34-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-49" name="__codelineno-34-49" href="#__codelineno-34-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-50" name="__codelineno-34-50" href="#__codelineno-34-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-51" name="__codelineno-34-51" href="#__codelineno-34-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-52" name="__codelineno-34-52" href="#__codelineno-34-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Queue is empty"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-53" name="__codelineno-34-53" href="#__codelineno-34-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-54" name="__codelineno-34-54" href="#__codelineno-34-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-55" name="__codelineno-34-55" href="#__codelineno-34-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-56" name="__codelineno-34-56" href="#__codelineno-34-56"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-57" name="__codelineno-34-57" href="#__codelineno-34-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-58" name="__codelineno-34-58" href="#__codelineno-34-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">toArray</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-59" name="__codelineno-34-59" href="#__codelineno-34-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Convert only the list elements within the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-60" name="__codelineno-34-60" href="#__codelineno-34-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-61" name="__codelineno-34-61" href="#__codelineno-34-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-62" name="__codelineno-34-62" href="#__codelineno-34-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capaCity</span><span class="p">()];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-63" name="__codelineno-34-63" href="#__codelineno-34-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-64" name="__codelineno-34-64" href="#__codelineno-34-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-65" name="__codelineno-34-65" href="#__codelineno-34-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-34-66" name="__codelineno-34-66" href="#__codelineno-34-66"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front index, identifying the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que_capacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7" href="#__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8" href="#__codelineno-35-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9" href="#__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="k">impl</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Copy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Default</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-10" name="__codelineno-35-10" href="#__codelineno-35-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Constructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-11" name="__codelineno-35-11" href="#__codelineno-35-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-12" name="__codelineno-35-12" href="#__codelineno-35-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-13" name="__codelineno-35-13" href="#__codelineno-35-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">vec</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-14" name="__codelineno-35-14" href="#__codelineno-35-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-15" name="__codelineno-35-15" href="#__codelineno-35-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-16" name="__codelineno-35-16" href="#__codelineno-35-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">que_capacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">capacity</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-17" name="__codelineno-35-17" href="#__codelineno-35-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-18" name="__codelineno-35-18" href="#__codelineno-35-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-19" name="__codelineno-35-19" href="#__codelineno-35-19"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-20" name="__codelineno-35-20" href="#__codelineno-35-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-21" name="__codelineno-35-21" href="#__codelineno-35-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-22" name="__codelineno-35-22" href="#__codelineno-35-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-23" name="__codelineno-35-23" href="#__codelineno-35-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-24" name="__codelineno-35-24" href="#__codelineno-35-24"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-25" name="__codelineno-35-25" href="#__codelineno-35-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-26" name="__codelineno-35-26" href="#__codelineno-35-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-27" name="__codelineno-35-27" href="#__codelineno-35-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-28" name="__codelineno-35-28" href="#__codelineno-35-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-29" name="__codelineno-35-29" href="#__codelineno-35-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-30" name="__codelineno-35-30" href="#__codelineno-35-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-31" name="__codelineno-35-31" href="#__codelineno-35-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-32" name="__codelineno-35-32" href="#__codelineno-35-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-33" name="__codelineno-35-33" href="#__codelineno-35-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-34" name="__codelineno-35-34" href="#__codelineno-35-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-35" name="__codelineno-35-35" href="#__codelineno-35-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-36" name="__codelineno-35-36" href="#__codelineno-35-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-37" name="__codelineno-35-37" href="#__codelineno-35-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-38" name="__codelineno-35-38" href="#__codelineno-35-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-39" name="__codelineno-35-39" href="#__codelineno-35-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-40" name="__codelineno-35-40" href="#__codelineno-35-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-41" name="__codelineno-35-41" href="#__codelineno-35-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear index, one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-42" name="__codelineno-35-42" href="#__codelineno-35-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-43" name="__codelineno-35-43" href="#__codelineno-35-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-44" name="__codelineno-35-44" href="#__codelineno-35-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-45" name="__codelineno-35-45" href="#__codelineno-35-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-46" name="__codelineno-35-46" href="#__codelineno-35-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-47" name="__codelineno-35-47" href="#__codelineno-35-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-48" name="__codelineno-35-48" href="#__codelineno-35-48"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-49" name="__codelineno-35-49" href="#__codelineno-35-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-50" name="__codelineno-35-50" href="#__codelineno-35-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-51" name="__codelineno-35-51" href="#__codelineno-35-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-52" name="__codelineno-35-52" href="#__codelineno-35-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front index by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-53" name="__codelineno-35-53" href="#__codelineno-35-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-54" name="__codelineno-35-54" href="#__codelineno-35-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-55" name="__codelineno-35-55" href="#__codelineno-35-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-56" name="__codelineno-35-56" href="#__codelineno-35-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-57" name="__codelineno-35-57" href="#__codelineno-35-57"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-58" name="__codelineno-35-58" href="#__codelineno-35-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-59" name="__codelineno-35-59" href="#__codelineno-35-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">T</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-60" name="__codelineno-35-60" href="#__codelineno-35-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-61" name="__codelineno-35-61" href="#__codelineno-35-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Index out of bounds"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-62" name="__codelineno-35-62" href="#__codelineno-35-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-63" name="__codelineno-35-63" href="#__codelineno-35-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-64" name="__codelineno-35-64" href="#__codelineno-35-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-65" name="__codelineno-35-65" href="#__codelineno-35-65"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-66" name="__codelineno-35-66" href="#__codelineno-35-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return a vector */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-67" name="__codelineno-35-67" href="#__codelineno-35-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_vector</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Vec</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-68" name="__codelineno-35-68" href="#__codelineno-35-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-69" name="__codelineno-35-69" href="#__codelineno-35-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-70" name="__codelineno-35-70" href="#__codelineno-35-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">default</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-71" name="__codelineno-35-71" href="#__codelineno-35-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">que_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-72" name="__codelineno-35-72" href="#__codelineno-35-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-73" name="__codelineno-35-73" href="#__codelineno-35-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-74" name="__codelineno-35-74" href="#__codelineno-35-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-75" name="__codelineno-35-75" href="#__codelineno-35-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-76" name="__codelineno-35-76" href="#__codelineno-35-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-35-77" name="__codelineno-35-77" href="#__codelineno-35-77"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-5" name="__codelineno-36-5" href="#__codelineno-36-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Current number of elements in the queue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-6" name="__codelineno-36-6" href="#__codelineno-36-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-7" name="__codelineno-36-7" href="#__codelineno-36-7"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-8" name="__codelineno-36-8" href="#__codelineno-36-8"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-9" name="__codelineno-36-9" href="#__codelineno-36-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Constructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-10" name="__codelineno-36-10" href="#__codelineno-36-10"></a><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">newArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-11" name="__codelineno-36-11" href="#__codelineno-36-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-12" name="__codelineno-36-12" href="#__codelineno-36-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-13" name="__codelineno-36-13" href="#__codelineno-36-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-14" name="__codelineno-36-14" href="#__codelineno-36-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-15" name="__codelineno-36-15" href="#__codelineno-36-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-16" name="__codelineno-36-16" href="#__codelineno-36-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-17" name="__codelineno-36-17" href="#__codelineno-36-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-18" name="__codelineno-36-18" href="#__codelineno-36-18"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-19" name="__codelineno-36-19" href="#__codelineno-36-19"></a><span class="cm">/* Destructor */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-20" name="__codelineno-36-20" href="#__codelineno-36-20"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">delArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-21" name="__codelineno-36-21" href="#__codelineno-36-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-22" name="__codelineno-36-22" href="#__codelineno-36-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-23" name="__codelineno-36-23" href="#__codelineno-36-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-24" name="__codelineno-36-24" href="#__codelineno-36-24"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-25" name="__codelineno-36-25" href="#__codelineno-36-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-26" name="__codelineno-36-26" href="#__codelineno-36-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-27" name="__codelineno-36-27" href="#__codelineno-36-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-28" name="__codelineno-36-28" href="#__codelineno-36-28"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-29" name="__codelineno-36-29" href="#__codelineno-36-29"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-30" name="__codelineno-36-30" href="#__codelineno-36-30"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-31" name="__codelineno-36-31" href="#__codelineno-36-31"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-32" name="__codelineno-36-32" href="#__codelineno-36-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-33" name="__codelineno-36-33" href="#__codelineno-36-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-34" name="__codelineno-36-34" href="#__codelineno-36-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-35" name="__codelineno-36-35" href="#__codelineno-36-35"></a><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-36" name="__codelineno-36-36" href="#__codelineno-36-36"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-37" name="__codelineno-36-37" href="#__codelineno-36-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-38" name="__codelineno-36-38" href="#__codelineno-36-38"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-39" name="__codelineno-36-39" href="#__codelineno-36-39"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-40" name="__codelineno-36-40" href="#__codelineno-36-40"></a><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-41" name="__codelineno-36-41" href="#__codelineno-36-41"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-42" name="__codelineno-36-42" href="#__codelineno-36-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-43" name="__codelineno-36-43" href="#__codelineno-36-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-44" name="__codelineno-36-44" href="#__codelineno-36-44"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-45" name="__codelineno-36-45" href="#__codelineno-36-45"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-46" name="__codelineno-36-46" href="#__codelineno-36-46"></a><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-47" name="__codelineno-36-47" href="#__codelineno-36-47"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-48" name="__codelineno-36-48" href="#__codelineno-36-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-49" name="__codelineno-36-49" href="#__codelineno-36-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is full</span><span class="se">\r\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-50" name="__codelineno-36-50" href="#__codelineno-36-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-51" name="__codelineno-36-51" href="#__codelineno-36-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-52" name="__codelineno-36-52" href="#__codelineno-36-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-53" name="__codelineno-36-53" href="#__codelineno-36-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-54" name="__codelineno-36-54" href="#__codelineno-36-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-55" name="__codelineno-36-55" href="#__codelineno-36-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-56" name="__codelineno-36-56" href="#__codelineno-36-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-57" name="__codelineno-36-57" href="#__codelineno-36-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-58" name="__codelineno-36-58" href="#__codelineno-36-58"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-59" name="__codelineno-36-59" href="#__codelineno-36-59"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-60" name="__codelineno-36-60" href="#__codelineno-36-60"></a><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-61" name="__codelineno-36-61" href="#__codelineno-36-61"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-62" name="__codelineno-36-62" href="#__codelineno-36-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-63" name="__codelineno-36-63" href="#__codelineno-36-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-64" name="__codelineno-36-64" href="#__codelineno-36-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-65" name="__codelineno-36-65" href="#__codelineno-36-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-66" name="__codelineno-36-66" href="#__codelineno-36-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-67" name="__codelineno-36-67" href="#__codelineno-36-67"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-68" name="__codelineno-36-68" href="#__codelineno-36-68"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-69" name="__codelineno-36-69" href="#__codelineno-36-69"></a><span class="cm">/* Return an array for printing */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-70" name="__codelineno-36-70" href="#__codelineno-36-70"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ArrayQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-71" name="__codelineno-36-71" href="#__codelineno-36-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-72" name="__codelineno-36-72" href="#__codelineno-36-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">calloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-73" name="__codelineno-36-73" href="#__codelineno-36-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">front</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-74" name="__codelineno-36-74" href="#__codelineno-36-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-75" name="__codelineno-36-75" href="#__codelineno-36-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queue</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="n">queCapacity</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-76" name="__codelineno-36-76" href="#__codelineno-36-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-77" name="__codelineno-36-77" href="#__codelineno-36-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-78" name="__codelineno-36-78" href="#__codelineno-36-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-36-79" name="__codelineno-36-79" href="#__codelineno-36-79"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Queue implemented with a circular array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">nums</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">front</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-5" name="__codelineno-37-5" href="#__codelineno-37-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">queSize</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-6" name="__codelineno-37-6" href="#__codelineno-37-6"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-7" name="__codelineno-37-7" href="#__codelineno-37-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue capacity */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-8" name="__codelineno-37-8" href="#__codelineno-37-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-9" name="__codelineno-37-9" href="#__codelineno-37-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-10" name="__codelineno-37-10" href="#__codelineno-37-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-11" name="__codelineno-37-11" href="#__codelineno-37-11"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-12" name="__codelineno-37-12" href="#__codelineno-37-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the queue size */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-13" name="__codelineno-37-13" href="#__codelineno-37-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-14" name="__codelineno-37-14" href="#__codelineno-37-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-15" name="__codelineno-37-15" href="#__codelineno-37-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-16" name="__codelineno-37-16" href="#__codelineno-37-16"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-17" name="__codelineno-37-17" href="#__codelineno-37-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check whether the queue is empty */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-18" name="__codelineno-37-18" href="#__codelineno-37-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">isEmpty</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-19" name="__codelineno-37-19" href="#__codelineno-37-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-20" name="__codelineno-37-20" href="#__codelineno-37-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-21" name="__codelineno-37-21" href="#__codelineno-37-21"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-22" name="__codelineno-37-22" href="#__codelineno-37-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Enqueue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-23" name="__codelineno-37-23" href="#__codelineno-37-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-24" name="__codelineno-37-24" href="#__codelineno-37-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-25" name="__codelineno-37-25" href="#__codelineno-37-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Queue is full"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-26" name="__codelineno-37-26" href="#__codelineno-37-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-27" name="__codelineno-37-27" href="#__codelineno-37-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-28" name="__codelineno-37-28" href="#__codelineno-37-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-29" name="__codelineno-37-29" href="#__codelineno-37-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-30" name="__codelineno-37-30" href="#__codelineno-37-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-31" name="__codelineno-37-31" href="#__codelineno-37-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-32" name="__codelineno-37-32" href="#__codelineno-37-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-33" name="__codelineno-37-33" href="#__codelineno-37-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-34" name="__codelineno-37-34" href="#__codelineno-37-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-35" name="__codelineno-37-35" href="#__codelineno-37-35"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-36" name="__codelineno-37-36" href="#__codelineno-37-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Dequeue */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-37" name="__codelineno-37-37" href="#__codelineno-37-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-38" name="__codelineno-37-38" href="#__codelineno-37-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-39" name="__codelineno-37-39" href="#__codelineno-37-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-40" name="__codelineno-37-40" href="#__codelineno-37-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-41" name="__codelineno-37-41" href="#__codelineno-37-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="o">--</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-42" name="__codelineno-37-42" href="#__codelineno-37-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-43" name="__codelineno-37-43" href="#__codelineno-37-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-44" name="__codelineno-37-44" href="#__codelineno-37-44"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-45" name="__codelineno-37-45" href="#__codelineno-37-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Access the front element */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-46" name="__codelineno-37-46" href="#__codelineno-37-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-47" name="__codelineno-37-47" href="#__codelineno-37-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-48" name="__codelineno-37-48" href="#__codelineno-37-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">front</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-49" name="__codelineno-37-49" href="#__codelineno-37-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-50" name="__codelineno-37-50" href="#__codelineno-37-50"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-51" name="__codelineno-37-51" href="#__codelineno-37-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Return an array */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-52" name="__codelineno-37-52" href="#__codelineno-37-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">toArray</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-53" name="__codelineno-37-53" href="#__codelineno-37-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Copy only the elements within the occupied range</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-54" name="__codelineno-37-54" href="#__codelineno-37-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IntArray</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-55" name="__codelineno-37-55" href="#__codelineno-37-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-56" name="__codelineno-37-56" href="#__codelineno-37-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-57" name="__codelineno-37-57" href="#__codelineno-37-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">queSize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-58" name="__codelineno-37-58" href="#__codelineno-37-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-59" name="__codelineno-37-59" href="#__codelineno-37-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-60" name="__codelineno-37-60" href="#__codelineno-37-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-61" name="__codelineno-37-61" href="#__codelineno-37-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-62" name="__codelineno-37-62" href="#__codelineno-37-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-63" name="__codelineno-37-63" href="#__codelineno-37-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-37-64" name="__codelineno-37-64" href="#__codelineno-37-64"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_queue.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="c1">### Queue implemented with a circular array ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayQueue</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Get the queue size ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_reader</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-5" name="__codelineno-38-5" href="#__codelineno-38-5"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-6" name="__codelineno-38-6" href="#__codelineno-38-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Constructor ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-7" name="__codelineno-38-7" href="#__codelineno-38-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-8" name="__codelineno-38-8" href="#__codelineno-38-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Array that stores the queue elements</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-9" name="__codelineno-38-9" href="#__codelineno-38-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Front pointer, pointing to the first element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-10" name="__codelineno-38-10" href="#__codelineno-38-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Queue size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-11" name="__codelineno-38-11" href="#__codelineno-38-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-12" name="__codelineno-38-12" href="#__codelineno-38-12"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-13" name="__codelineno-38-13" href="#__codelineno-38-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Get the queue capacity ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-14" name="__codelineno-38-14" href="#__codelineno-38-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-15" name="__codelineno-38-15" href="#__codelineno-38-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@nums</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-16" name="__codelineno-38-16" href="#__codelineno-38-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-17" name="__codelineno-38-17" href="#__codelineno-38-17"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-18" name="__codelineno-38-18" href="#__codelineno-38-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Check whether the queue is empty ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-19" name="__codelineno-38-19" href="#__codelineno-38-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-20" name="__codelineno-38-20" href="#__codelineno-38-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zero?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-21" name="__codelineno-38-21" href="#__codelineno-38-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-22" name="__codelineno-38-22" href="#__codelineno-38-22"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-23" name="__codelineno-38-23" href="#__codelineno-38-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Enqueue ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-24" name="__codelineno-38-24" href="#__codelineno-38-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-25" name="__codelineno-38-25" href="#__codelineno-38-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Queue is full'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-26" name="__codelineno-38-26" href="#__codelineno-38-26"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-27" name="__codelineno-38-27" href="#__codelineno-38-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Calculate the rear pointer, which points one position past the last element</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-28" name="__codelineno-38-28" href="#__codelineno-38-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Use modulo to wrap rear to the beginning when it passes the end of the array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-29" name="__codelineno-38-29" href="#__codelineno-38-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-30" name="__codelineno-38-30" href="#__codelineno-38-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Add num to the rear</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-31" name="__codelineno-38-31" href="#__codelineno-38-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">rear</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-32" name="__codelineno-38-32" href="#__codelineno-38-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-33" name="__codelineno-38-33" href="#__codelineno-38-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-34" name="__codelineno-38-34" href="#__codelineno-38-34"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-35" name="__codelineno-38-35" href="#__codelineno-38-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Dequeue ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-36" name="__codelineno-38-36" href="#__codelineno-38-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-37" name="__codelineno-38-37" href="#__codelineno-38-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-38" name="__codelineno-38-38" href="#__codelineno-38-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Advance the front pointer by one position, wrapping to the beginning if it passes the end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-39" name="__codelineno-38-39" href="#__codelineno-38-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-40" name="__codelineno-38-40" href="#__codelineno-38-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-41" name="__codelineno-38-41" href="#__codelineno-38-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-42" name="__codelineno-38-42" href="#__codelineno-38-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-43" name="__codelineno-38-43" href="#__codelineno-38-43"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-44" name="__codelineno-38-44" href="#__codelineno-38-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Access the front element ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-45" name="__codelineno-38-45" href="#__codelineno-38-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-46" name="__codelineno-38-46" href="#__codelineno-38-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'Queue is empty'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty?</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-47" name="__codelineno-38-47" href="#__codelineno-38-47"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-48" name="__codelineno-38-48" href="#__codelineno-38-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="vi">@front</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-49" name="__codelineno-38-49" href="#__codelineno-38-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-50" name="__codelineno-38-50" href="#__codelineno-38-50"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-51" name="__codelineno-38-51" href="#__codelineno-38-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">### Return a list for printing ###</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-52" name="__codelineno-38-52" href="#__codelineno-38-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">to_array</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-53" name="__codelineno-38-53" href="#__codelineno-38-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-54" name="__codelineno-38-54" href="#__codelineno-38-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@front</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-55" name="__codelineno-38-55" href="#__codelineno-38-55"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-56" name="__codelineno-38-56" href="#__codelineno-38-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="n">size</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-57" name="__codelineno-38-57" href="#__codelineno-38-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">capacity</span><span class="o">]</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-58" name="__codelineno-38-58" href="#__codelineno-38-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-59" name="__codelineno-38-59" href="#__codelineno-38-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-60" name="__codelineno-38-60" href="#__codelineno-38-60"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-61" name="__codelineno-38-61" href="#__codelineno-38-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-62" name="__codelineno-38-62" href="#__codelineno-38-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-38-63" name="__codelineno-38-63" href="#__codelineno-38-63"></a><span class="k">end</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<details class="pythontutor">
|
||
<summary>Visualize execution</summary>
|
||
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|
||
</details>
|
||
<p>This queue still has a limitation: its capacity is fixed. We can address it by replacing the array with a dynamic array and adding resizing. Interested readers can try implementing this themselves.</p>
|
||
<p>The comparison between these two implementations is the same as for stacks, so we will not repeat it here.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="523-typical-applications">5.2.3 Typical applications<a class="headerlink" href="#523-typical-applications" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Taobao orders</strong>. When a shopper places an order, it enters a queue, and the system processes orders in sequence. During the Singles' Day shopping festival, enormous numbers of orders arrive in a short time, making high concurrency a major engineering challenge.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Tasks awaiting processing</strong>. Queues preserve processing order wherever first-come, first-served behavior is needed, such as printer jobs or restaurant orders.</li>
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</ul>
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