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<h1 id="81-heap">8.1 &nbsp; Heap<a class="headerlink" href="#81-heap" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>A <u>heap</u> is a complete binary tree that satisfies specific conditions and can be mainly categorized into two types, as shown in Figure 8-1.</p>
<ul>
<li><u>min heap</u>: The value of any node <span class="arithmatex">\(\leq\)</span> the values of its child nodes.</li>
<li><u>max heap</u>: The value of any node <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> the values of its child nodes.</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/min_heap_and_max_heap.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Min heap and max heap" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/min_heap_and_max_heap.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> Figure 8-1 &nbsp; Min heap and max heap </p>
<p>As a special case of a complete binary tree, heaps have the following characteristics.</p>
<ul>
<li>The bottom layer nodes are filled from left to right, and nodes in other layers are fully filled.</li>
<li>We call the root node of the binary tree the "heap top" and the bottom-rightmost node the "heap bottom."</li>
<li>For max heaps (min heaps), the value of the heap top element (root node) is the largest (smallest).</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="811-common-heap-operations">8.1.1 &nbsp; Common Heap Operations<a class="headerlink" href="#811-common-heap-operations" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>It should be noted that many programming languages provide a <u>priority queue</u>, which is an abstract data structure defined as a queue with priority sorting.</p>
<p>In fact, <strong>heaps are typically used to implement priority queues, with max heaps corresponding to priority queues where elements are dequeued in descending order</strong>. From a usage perspective, we can regard "priority queue" and "heap" as equivalent data structures. Therefore, this book does not make a special distinction between the two and uniformly refers to them as "heap."</p>
<p>Common heap operations are shown in Table 8-1, and method names need to be determined based on the programming language.</p>
<p align="center"> Table 8-1 &nbsp; Efficiency of Heap Operations </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Method name</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Time complexity</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>push()</code></td>
<td>Insert an element into the heap</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pop()</code></td>
<td>Remove the heap top element</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>peek()</code></td>
<td>Access the heap top element (max/min value for max/min heap)</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>size()</code></td>
<td>Get the number of elements in the heap</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>isEmpty()</code></td>
<td>Check if the heap is empty</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>In practical applications, we can directly use the heap class (or priority queue class) provided by programming languages.</p>
<p>Similar to "ascending order" and "descending order" in sorting algorithms, we can implement conversion between "min heap" and "max heap" by setting a <code>flag</code> or modifying the <code>Comparator</code>. The code is as follows:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize a min heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="c1"># Initialize a max heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[],</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="c1"># Python&#39;s heapq module implements a min heap by default</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="c1"># Consider negating elements before pushing them to the heap, which inverts the size relationship and thus implements a max heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="c1"># In this example, flag = 1 corresponds to a min heap, flag = -1 corresponds to a max heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="c1"># Push elements into the heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="c1"># Get the heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="c1"># Remove the heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="c1"># The removed elements will form a descending sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-23" name="__codelineno-0-23" href="#__codelineno-0-23"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-24" name="__codelineno-0-24" href="#__codelineno-0-24"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-25" name="__codelineno-0-25" href="#__codelineno-0-25"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-26" name="__codelineno-0-26" href="#__codelineno-0-26"></a><span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">flag</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heappop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-27" name="__codelineno-0-27" href="#__codelineno-0-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-28" name="__codelineno-0-28" href="#__codelineno-0-28"></a><span class="c1"># Get the heap size</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-29" name="__codelineno-0-29" href="#__codelineno-0-29"></a><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-30" name="__codelineno-0-30" href="#__codelineno-0-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-31" name="__codelineno-0-31" href="#__codelineno-0-31"></a><span class="c1"># Check if the heap is empty</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-32" name="__codelineno-0-32" href="#__codelineno-0-32"></a><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">max_heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-33" name="__codelineno-0-33" href="#__codelineno-0-33"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-34" name="__codelineno-0-34" href="#__codelineno-0-34"></a><span class="c1"># Build a heap from an input list</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-35" name="__codelineno-0-35" href="#__codelineno-0-35"></a><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-36" name="__codelineno-0-36" href="#__codelineno-0-36"></a><span class="n">heapq</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">heapify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a min heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="n">priority_queue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greater</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a max heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="n">priority_queue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">less</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="c1">// The removed elements will form a descending sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a><span class="cm">/* Build a heap from an input list */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">};</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-33" name="__codelineno-1-33" href="#__codelineno-1-33"></a><span class="n">priority_queue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">greater</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">());</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a min heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a max heap (use lambda expression to modify Comparator)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="n">Queue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="c1">// The removed elements will form a descending sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a><span class="cm">/* Build a heap from an input list */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">asList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">));</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a min heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a max heap (use lambda expression to modify Comparer)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Comparer</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Create</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">CompareTo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Enqueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Peek</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="c1">//5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="c1">// The removed elements will form a descending sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Dequeue</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="cm">/* Build a heap from an input list */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">([(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)]);</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="c1">// In Go, we can construct a max heap of integers by implementing heap.Interface</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// Implementing heap.Interface also requires implementing sort.Interface</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">any</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="c1">// Push implements the heap.Interface method for pushing an element into the heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Push and Pop use pointer receiver as parameters</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// because they not only adjust the slice contents but also modify the slice length</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">x</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="c1">// Pop implements the heap.Interface method for popping the heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// The element to be removed is stored at the end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">last</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">last</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="c1">// Len is a sort.Interface method</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Len</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="c1">// Less is a sort.Interface method</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Less</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// To implement a min heap, change this to a less-than sign</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="c1">// Swap is a sort.Interface method</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="c1">// Top gets the heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">Top</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-40" name="__codelineno-4-40" href="#__codelineno-4-40"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-41" name="__codelineno-4-41" href="#__codelineno-4-41"></a><span class="cm">/* Driver Code */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-42" name="__codelineno-4-42" href="#__codelineno-4-42"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">TestHeap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">testing</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">T</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-43" name="__codelineno-4-43" href="#__codelineno-4-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-44" name="__codelineno-4-44" href="#__codelineno-4-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Initialize a max heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-45" name="__codelineno-4-45" href="#__codelineno-4-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">intHeap</span><span class="p">{}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-46" name="__codelineno-4-46" href="#__codelineno-4-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-47" name="__codelineno-4-47" href="#__codelineno-4-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-48" name="__codelineno-4-48" href="#__codelineno-4-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Call heap.Interface methods to add elements</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-49" name="__codelineno-4-49" href="#__codelineno-4-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-50" name="__codelineno-4-50" href="#__codelineno-4-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-51" name="__codelineno-4-51" href="#__codelineno-4-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-52" name="__codelineno-4-52" href="#__codelineno-4-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-53" name="__codelineno-4-53" href="#__codelineno-4-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-54" name="__codelineno-4-54" href="#__codelineno-4-54"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-55" name="__codelineno-4-55" href="#__codelineno-4-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-56" name="__codelineno-4-56" href="#__codelineno-4-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">top</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Top</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-57" name="__codelineno-4-57" href="#__codelineno-4-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Heap top element is %d\n&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">top</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-58" name="__codelineno-4-58" href="#__codelineno-4-58"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-59" name="__codelineno-4-59" href="#__codelineno-4-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-60" name="__codelineno-4-60" href="#__codelineno-4-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Call heap.Interface methods to remove elements</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-61" name="__codelineno-4-61" href="#__codelineno-4-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-62" name="__codelineno-4-62" href="#__codelineno-4-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-63" name="__codelineno-4-63" href="#__codelineno-4-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-64" name="__codelineno-4-64" href="#__codelineno-4-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-65" name="__codelineno-4-65" href="#__codelineno-4-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-66" name="__codelineno-4-66" href="#__codelineno-4-66"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-67" name="__codelineno-4-67" href="#__codelineno-4-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-68" name="__codelineno-4-68" href="#__codelineno-4-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-69" name="__codelineno-4-69" href="#__codelineno-4-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Number of heap elements is %d\n&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-70" name="__codelineno-4-70" href="#__codelineno-4-70"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-4-71" name="__codelineno-4-71" href="#__codelineno-4-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-72" name="__codelineno-4-72" href="#__codelineno-4-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-73" name="__codelineno-4-73" href="#__codelineno-4-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Is the heap empty? %t\n&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-74" name="__codelineno-4-74" href="#__codelineno-4-74"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// Swift&#39;s Heap type supports both max heaps and min heaps, and requires importing swift-collections</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">heap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Heap</span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">&gt;()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">max</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">!</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeMax</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeMax</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeMax</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeMax</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeMax</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Build a heap from an input list */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">heap2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Heap</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">])</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript does not provide a built-in Heap class</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript does not provide a built-in Heap class</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="c1">// Dart does not provide a built-in Heap class</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">collections</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">BinaryHeap</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">cmp</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a min heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BinaryHeap</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a max heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BinaryHeap</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="c1">// The removed elements will form a descending sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="cm">/* Build a heap from an input list */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">min_heap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BinaryHeap</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Reverse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)]);</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="c1">// C does not provide a built-in Heap class</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Initialize a heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a min heap</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="c1">// Initialize a max heap (use lambda expression to modify Comparator)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">maxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="cm">/* Push elements into the heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">offer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Remove the heap top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="c1">// The removed elements will form a descending sequence</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 5</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="n">peek</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">poll</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="cm">/* Get the heap size */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="cm">/* Check if the heap is empty */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">isEmpty</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="cm">/* Build a heap from an input list */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="n">minHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PriorityQueue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mutableListOf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">heap.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1"># Ruby does not provide a built-in Heap class</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<details class="pythontutor">
<summary>Code Visualization</summary>
<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=import%20heapq%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%8F%E9%A1%B6%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20min_heap,%20flag%20%3D%20%5B%5D,%201%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%A1%B6%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20max_heap,%20flag%20%3D%20%5B%5D,%20-1%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Python%20%E7%9A%84%20heapq%20%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%B0%8F%E9%A1%B6%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%80%83%E8%99%91%E5%B0%86%E2%80%9C%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%8F%96%E8%B4%9F%E2%80%9D%E5%90%8E%E5%86%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%A0%86%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E6%A0%B7%E5%B0%B1%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E5%B0%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E9%A2%A0%E5%80%92%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%8E%E8%80%8C%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%A4%A7%E9%A1%B6%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BA%E4%BE%8B%E4%B8%AD%EF%BC%8Cflag%20%3D%201%20%E6%97%B6%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%94%E5%B0%8F%E9%A1%B6%E5%A0%86%EF%BC%8Cflag%20%3D%20-1%20%E6%97%B6%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E9%A1%B6%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%85%A5%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20heapq.heappush%28max_heap,%20flag%20*%201%29%0A%20%20%20%20heapq.heappush%28max_heap,%20flag%20*%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20heapq.heappush%28max_heap,%20flag%20*%202%29%0A%20%20%20%20heapq.heappush%28max_heap,%20flag%20*%205%29%0A%20%20%20%20heapq.heappush%28max_heap,%20flag%20*%204%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%A0%86%E9%A1%B6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20peek%20%3D%20flag%20*%20max_heap%5B0%5D%20%23%205%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%A0%86%E9%A1%B6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%87%BA%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%87%BA%E5%A0%86%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E4%BC%9A%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%BB%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%B0%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20flag%20*%20heapq.heappop%28max_heap%29%20%23%205%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20flag%20*%20heapq.heappop%28max_heap%29%20%23%204%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20flag%20*%20heapq.heappop%28max_heap%29%20%23%203%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20flag%20*%20heapq.heappop%28max_heap%29%20%23%202%0A%20%20%20%20val%20%3D%20flag%20*%20heapq.heappop%28max_heap%29%20%23%201%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%A0%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%0A%20%20%20%20size%20%3D%20len%28max_heap%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E5%A0%86%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%0A%20%20%20%20is_empty%20%3D%20not%20max_heap%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%B9%B6%E5%BB%BA%E5%A0%86%0A%20%20%20%20min_heap%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20heapq.heapify%28min_heap%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=3&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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</details>
<h2 id="812-implementation-of-the-heap">8.1.2 &nbsp; Implementation of the Heap<a class="headerlink" href="#812-implementation-of-the-heap" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The following implementation is of a max heap. To convert it to a min heap, simply invert all size logic comparisons (for example, replace <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> with <span class="arithmatex">\(\leq\)</span>). Interested readers are encouraged to implement this on their own.</p>
<h3 id="1-heap-storage-and-representation">1. &nbsp; Heap Storage and Representation<a class="headerlink" href="#1-heap-storage-and-representation" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>As mentioned in the "Binary Tree" chapter, complete binary trees are well-suited for array representation. Since heaps are a type of complete binary tree, <strong>we will use arrays to store heaps</strong>.</p>
<p>When representing a binary tree with an array, elements represent node values, and indexes represent node positions in the binary tree. <strong>Node pointers are implemented through index mapping formulas</strong>.</p>
<p>As shown in Figure 8-2, given an index <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span>, the index of its left child is <span class="arithmatex">\(2i + 1\)</span>, the index of its right child is <span class="arithmatex">\(2i + 2\)</span>, and the index of its parent is <span class="arithmatex">\((i - 1) / 2\)</span> (floor division). When an index is out of bounds, it indicates a null node or that the node does not exist.</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/representation_of_heap.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Representation and storage of heaps" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/representation_of_heap.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> Figure 8-2 &nbsp; Representation and storage of heaps </p>
<p>We can encapsulate the index mapping formula into functions for convenient subsequent use:</p>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Get index of left child node&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Get index of right child node&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Get index of parent node&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># Floor division</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="n">#left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="n">#right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="n">#parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">floor</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-13" name="__codelineno-21-13" href="#__codelineno-21-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">~/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-21-14" name="__codelineno-21-14" href="#__codelineno-21-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Round down</span>
<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of left child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of right child node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-7" name="__codelineno-24-7" href="#__codelineno-24-7"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-8" name="__codelineno-24-8" href="#__codelineno-24-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-9" name="__codelineno-24-9" href="#__codelineno-24-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-10" name="__codelineno-24-10" href="#__codelineno-24-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-24-11" name="__codelineno-24-11" href="#__codelineno-24-11"></a><span class="cm">/* Get index of parent node */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-12" name="__codelineno-24-12" href="#__codelineno-24-12"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-13" name="__codelineno-24-13" href="#__codelineno-24-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-24-14" name="__codelineno-24-14" href="#__codelineno-24-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="c1">### Get left child index ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-3" name="__codelineno-25-3" href="#__codelineno-25-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-4" name="__codelineno-25-4" href="#__codelineno-25-4"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-5" name="__codelineno-25-5" href="#__codelineno-25-5"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-25-6" name="__codelineno-25-6" href="#__codelineno-25-6"></a><span class="c1">### Get right child index ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-7" name="__codelineno-25-7" href="#__codelineno-25-7"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-8" name="__codelineno-25-8" href="#__codelineno-25-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-9" name="__codelineno-25-9" href="#__codelineno-25-9"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-10" name="__codelineno-25-10" href="#__codelineno-25-10"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-25-11" name="__codelineno-25-11" href="#__codelineno-25-11"></a><span class="c1">### Get parent node index ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-12" name="__codelineno-25-12" href="#__codelineno-25-12"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-13" name="__codelineno-25-13" href="#__codelineno-25-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Floor division</span>
<a id="__codelineno-25-14" name="__codelineno-25-14" href="#__codelineno-25-14"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="2-accessing-the-heap-top-element">2. &nbsp; Accessing the Heap Top Element<a class="headerlink" href="#2-accessing-the-heap-top-element" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The heap top element is the root node of the binary tree, which is also the first element of the list:</p>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Access top element&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-2" name="__codelineno-28-2" href="#__codelineno-28-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-3" name="__codelineno-28-3" href="#__codelineno-28-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-28-4" name="__codelineno-28-4" href="#__codelineno-28-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-29-4" name="__codelineno-29-4" href="#__codelineno-29-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="nx">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">peek</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-3" name="__codelineno-34-3" href="#__codelineno-34-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-34-4" name="__codelineno-34-4" href="#__codelineno-34-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Option</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">copied</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-36-4" name="__codelineno-36-4" href="#__codelineno-36-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Access top element */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-2" name="__codelineno-37-2" href="#__codelineno-37-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-3" name="__codelineno-37-3" href="#__codelineno-37-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-37-4" name="__codelineno-37-4" href="#__codelineno-37-4"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a><span class="c1">### Access heap top element ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-2" name="__codelineno-38-2" href="#__codelineno-38-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">peek</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-3" name="__codelineno-38-3" href="#__codelineno-38-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-38-4" name="__codelineno-38-4" href="#__codelineno-38-4"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="3-inserting-an-element-into-the-heap">3. &nbsp; Inserting an Element Into the Heap<a class="headerlink" href="#3-inserting-an-element-into-the-heap" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Given an element <code>val</code>, we first add it to the bottom of the heap. After addition, since <code>val</code> may be larger than other elements in the heap, the heap's property may be violated. <strong>Therefore, it's necessary to repair the path from the inserted node to the root node</strong>. This operation is called <u>heapify</u>.</p>
<p>Starting from the inserted node, <strong>perform heapify from bottom to top</strong>. As shown in Figure 8-3, we compare the inserted node with its parent node, and if the inserted node is larger, swap them. Then continue this operation, repairing nodes in the heap from bottom to top until we pass the root node or encounter a node that does not need swapping.</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:9"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_3" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_4" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_5" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_6" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_7" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_8" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_9" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">&lt;1&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">&lt;2&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_3">&lt;3&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_4">&lt;4&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_5">&lt;5&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_6">&lt;6&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_7">&lt;7&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_8">&lt;8&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_4_9">&lt;9&gt;</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Steps of inserting an element into the heap" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step1.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step2.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step2.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step3.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step3.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step4.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step4.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step5.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step5.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step6.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step6.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step7.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step7.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step8.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step8.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_push_step9.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_push_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_push_step9.png" /></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p align="center"> Figure 8-3 &nbsp; Steps of inserting an element into the heap </p>
<p>Given a total of <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> nodes, the tree height is <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span>. Thus, the number of loop iterations in the heapify operation is at most <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span>, <strong>making the time complexity of the element insertion operation <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span></strong>. The code is as follows:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="5:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_5_1" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_2" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_3" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_4" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_5" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_6" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_7" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_8" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_9" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_10" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_11" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_12" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_5_13" name="__tabbed_5" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_5_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_5_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_5_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_5_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_5_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_5_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_5_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_5_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_5_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_5_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_5_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_5_13">Ruby</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-2" name="__codelineno-39-2" href="#__codelineno-39-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Element enters heap&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-3" name="__codelineno-39-3" href="#__codelineno-39-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-4" name="__codelineno-39-4" href="#__codelineno-39-4"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-5" name="__codelineno-39-5" href="#__codelineno-39-5"></a> <span class="c1"># Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-6" name="__codelineno-39-6" href="#__codelineno-39-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-7" name="__codelineno-39-7" href="#__codelineno-39-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-39-8" name="__codelineno-39-8" href="#__codelineno-39-8"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-9" name="__codelineno-39-9" href="#__codelineno-39-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-10" name="__codelineno-39-10" href="#__codelineno-39-10"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-11" name="__codelineno-39-11" href="#__codelineno-39-11"></a> <span class="c1"># Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-12" name="__codelineno-39-12" href="#__codelineno-39-12"></a> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-13" name="__codelineno-39-13" href="#__codelineno-39-13"></a> <span class="c1"># When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-14" name="__codelineno-39-14" href="#__codelineno-39-14"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-15" name="__codelineno-39-15" href="#__codelineno-39-15"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-16" name="__codelineno-39-16" href="#__codelineno-39-16"></a> <span class="c1"># Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-17" name="__codelineno-39-17" href="#__codelineno-39-17"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-18" name="__codelineno-39-18" href="#__codelineno-39-18"></a> <span class="c1"># Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-39-19" name="__codelineno-39-19" href="#__codelineno-39-19"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-8" name="__codelineno-40-8" href="#__codelineno-40-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-40-9" name="__codelineno-40-9" href="#__codelineno-40-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-10" name="__codelineno-40-10" href="#__codelineno-40-10"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-11" name="__codelineno-40-11" href="#__codelineno-40-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-12" name="__codelineno-40-12" href="#__codelineno-40-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-13" name="__codelineno-40-13" href="#__codelineno-40-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-14" name="__codelineno-40-14" href="#__codelineno-40-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-15" name="__codelineno-40-15" href="#__codelineno-40-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-16" name="__codelineno-40-16" href="#__codelineno-40-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-17" name="__codelineno-40-17" href="#__codelineno-40-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-18" name="__codelineno-40-18" href="#__codelineno-40-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-19" name="__codelineno-40-19" href="#__codelineno-40-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-20" name="__codelineno-40-20" href="#__codelineno-40-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-21" name="__codelineno-40-21" href="#__codelineno-40-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-22" name="__codelineno-40-22" href="#__codelineno-40-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-2" name="__codelineno-41-2" href="#__codelineno-41-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-3" name="__codelineno-41-3" href="#__codelineno-41-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-4" name="__codelineno-41-4" href="#__codelineno-41-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-5" name="__codelineno-41-5" href="#__codelineno-41-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-6" name="__codelineno-41-6" href="#__codelineno-41-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-7" name="__codelineno-41-7" href="#__codelineno-41-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-8" name="__codelineno-41-8" href="#__codelineno-41-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-41-9" name="__codelineno-41-9" href="#__codelineno-41-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-10" name="__codelineno-41-10" href="#__codelineno-41-10"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-11" name="__codelineno-41-11" href="#__codelineno-41-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-12" name="__codelineno-41-12" href="#__codelineno-41-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-13" name="__codelineno-41-13" href="#__codelineno-41-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-14" name="__codelineno-41-14" href="#__codelineno-41-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-15" name="__codelineno-41-15" href="#__codelineno-41-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-16" name="__codelineno-41-16" href="#__codelineno-41-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-17" name="__codelineno-41-17" href="#__codelineno-41-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-18" name="__codelineno-41-18" href="#__codelineno-41-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-19" name="__codelineno-41-19" href="#__codelineno-41-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-20" name="__codelineno-41-20" href="#__codelineno-41-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-21" name="__codelineno-41-21" href="#__codelineno-41-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-41-22" name="__codelineno-41-22" href="#__codelineno-41-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-2" name="__codelineno-42-2" href="#__codelineno-42-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-3" name="__codelineno-42-3" href="#__codelineno-42-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-4" name="__codelineno-42-4" href="#__codelineno-42-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-5" name="__codelineno-42-5" href="#__codelineno-42-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-6" name="__codelineno-42-6" href="#__codelineno-42-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SiftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-7" name="__codelineno-42-7" href="#__codelineno-42-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-8" name="__codelineno-42-8" href="#__codelineno-42-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-42-9" name="__codelineno-42-9" href="#__codelineno-42-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-10" name="__codelineno-42-10" href="#__codelineno-42-10"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SiftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-11" name="__codelineno-42-11" href="#__codelineno-42-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-12" name="__codelineno-42-12" href="#__codelineno-42-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-13" name="__codelineno-42-13" href="#__codelineno-42-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-14" name="__codelineno-42-14" href="#__codelineno-42-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If &#39;past root node&#39; or &#39;node needs no repair&#39;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-15" name="__codelineno-42-15" href="#__codelineno-42-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-16" name="__codelineno-42-16" href="#__codelineno-42-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-17" name="__codelineno-42-17" href="#__codelineno-42-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-18" name="__codelineno-42-18" href="#__codelineno-42-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-19" name="__codelineno-42-19" href="#__codelineno-42-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-20" name="__codelineno-42-20" href="#__codelineno-42-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-21" name="__codelineno-42-21" href="#__codelineno-42-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-42-22" name="__codelineno-42-22" href="#__codelineno-42-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-43-1" name="__codelineno-43-1" href="#__codelineno-43-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-2" name="__codelineno-43-2" href="#__codelineno-43-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-3" name="__codelineno-43-3" href="#__codelineno-43-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-4" name="__codelineno-43-4" href="#__codelineno-43-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-5" name="__codelineno-43-5" href="#__codelineno-43-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-6" name="__codelineno-43-6" href="#__codelineno-43-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-7" name="__codelineno-43-7" href="#__codelineno-43-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-8" name="__codelineno-43-8" href="#__codelineno-43-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-43-9" name="__codelineno-43-9" href="#__codelineno-43-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-10" name="__codelineno-43-10" href="#__codelineno-43-10"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-11" name="__codelineno-43-11" href="#__codelineno-43-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-12" name="__codelineno-43-12" href="#__codelineno-43-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-13" name="__codelineno-43-13" href="#__codelineno-43-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-14" name="__codelineno-43-14" href="#__codelineno-43-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-15" name="__codelineno-43-15" href="#__codelineno-43-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-16" name="__codelineno-43-16" href="#__codelineno-43-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-17" name="__codelineno-43-17" href="#__codelineno-43-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-18" name="__codelineno-43-18" href="#__codelineno-43-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-19" name="__codelineno-43-19" href="#__codelineno-43-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-20" name="__codelineno-43-20" href="#__codelineno-43-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-21" name="__codelineno-43-21" href="#__codelineno-43-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-22" name="__codelineno-43-22" href="#__codelineno-43-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-43-23" name="__codelineno-43-23" href="#__codelineno-43-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-44-1" name="__codelineno-44-1" href="#__codelineno-44-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-2" name="__codelineno-44-2" href="#__codelineno-44-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-3" name="__codelineno-44-3" href="#__codelineno-44-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-5" name="__codelineno-44-5" href="#__codelineno-44-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-6" name="__codelineno-44-6" href="#__codelineno-44-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-7" name="__codelineno-44-7" href="#__codelineno-44-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-8" name="__codelineno-44-8" href="#__codelineno-44-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-44-9" name="__codelineno-44-9" href="#__codelineno-44-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-10" name="__codelineno-44-10" href="#__codelineno-44-10"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-11" name="__codelineno-44-11" href="#__codelineno-44-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-12" name="__codelineno-44-12" href="#__codelineno-44-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-13" name="__codelineno-44-13" href="#__codelineno-44-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-14" name="__codelineno-44-14" href="#__codelineno-44-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-15" name="__codelineno-44-15" href="#__codelineno-44-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-16" name="__codelineno-44-16" href="#__codelineno-44-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-17" name="__codelineno-44-17" href="#__codelineno-44-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-18" name="__codelineno-44-18" href="#__codelineno-44-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-19" name="__codelineno-44-19" href="#__codelineno-44-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-20" name="__codelineno-44-20" href="#__codelineno-44-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-21" name="__codelineno-44-21" href="#__codelineno-44-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-22" name="__codelineno-44-22" href="#__codelineno-44-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-23" name="__codelineno-44-23" href="#__codelineno-44-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-44-24" name="__codelineno-44-24" href="#__codelineno-44-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-45-1" name="__codelineno-45-1" href="#__codelineno-45-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-2" name="__codelineno-45-2" href="#__codelineno-45-2"></a><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-3" name="__codelineno-45-3" href="#__codelineno-45-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-4" name="__codelineno-45-4" href="#__codelineno-45-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-5" name="__codelineno-45-5" href="#__codelineno-45-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-6" name="__codelineno-45-6" href="#__codelineno-45-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-7" name="__codelineno-45-7" href="#__codelineno-45-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-8" name="__codelineno-45-8" href="#__codelineno-45-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-45-9" name="__codelineno-45-9" href="#__codelineno-45-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-10" name="__codelineno-45-10" href="#__codelineno-45-10"></a><span class="n">#siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-11" name="__codelineno-45-11" href="#__codelineno-45-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-12" name="__codelineno-45-12" href="#__codelineno-45-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-13" name="__codelineno-45-13" href="#__codelineno-45-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-14" name="__codelineno-45-14" href="#__codelineno-45-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-15" name="__codelineno-45-15" href="#__codelineno-45-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-16" name="__codelineno-45-16" href="#__codelineno-45-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-17" name="__codelineno-45-17" href="#__codelineno-45-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-18" name="__codelineno-45-18" href="#__codelineno-45-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-19" name="__codelineno-45-19" href="#__codelineno-45-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-20" name="__codelineno-45-20" href="#__codelineno-45-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-45-21" name="__codelineno-45-21" href="#__codelineno-45-21"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-46-1" name="__codelineno-46-1" href="#__codelineno-46-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-2" name="__codelineno-46-2" href="#__codelineno-46-2"></a><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-4" name="__codelineno-46-4" href="#__codelineno-46-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-5" name="__codelineno-46-5" href="#__codelineno-46-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-6" name="__codelineno-46-6" href="#__codelineno-46-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-7" name="__codelineno-46-7" href="#__codelineno-46-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-8" name="__codelineno-46-8" href="#__codelineno-46-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-46-9" name="__codelineno-46-9" href="#__codelineno-46-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-10" name="__codelineno-46-10" href="#__codelineno-46-10"></a><span class="nx">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-11" name="__codelineno-46-11" href="#__codelineno-46-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-12" name="__codelineno-46-12" href="#__codelineno-46-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-13" name="__codelineno-46-13" href="#__codelineno-46-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-14" name="__codelineno-46-14" href="#__codelineno-46-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-15" name="__codelineno-46-15" href="#__codelineno-46-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-16" name="__codelineno-46-16" href="#__codelineno-46-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-17" name="__codelineno-46-17" href="#__codelineno-46-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-18" name="__codelineno-46-18" href="#__codelineno-46-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-19" name="__codelineno-46-19" href="#__codelineno-46-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-20" name="__codelineno-46-20" href="#__codelineno-46-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-46-21" name="__codelineno-46-21" href="#__codelineno-46-21"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-7" name="__codelineno-47-7" href="#__codelineno-47-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-8" name="__codelineno-47-8" href="#__codelineno-47-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-47-9" name="__codelineno-47-9" href="#__codelineno-47-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-10" name="__codelineno-47-10" href="#__codelineno-47-10"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-11" name="__codelineno-47-11" href="#__codelineno-47-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-12" name="__codelineno-47-12" href="#__codelineno-47-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-13" name="__codelineno-47-13" href="#__codelineno-47-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-14" name="__codelineno-47-14" href="#__codelineno-47-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-15" name="__codelineno-47-15" href="#__codelineno-47-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-16" name="__codelineno-47-16" href="#__codelineno-47-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-17" name="__codelineno-47-17" href="#__codelineno-47-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-18" name="__codelineno-47-18" href="#__codelineno-47-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-19" name="__codelineno-47-19" href="#__codelineno-47-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-20" name="__codelineno-47-20" href="#__codelineno-47-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-21" name="__codelineno-47-21" href="#__codelineno-47-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-22" name="__codelineno-47-22" href="#__codelineno-47-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-47-23" name="__codelineno-47-23" href="#__codelineno-47-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-48-1" name="__codelineno-48-1" href="#__codelineno-48-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-2" name="__codelineno-48-2" href="#__codelineno-48-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-3" name="__codelineno-48-3" href="#__codelineno-48-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-4" name="__codelineno-48-4" href="#__codelineno-48-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-5" name="__codelineno-48-5" href="#__codelineno-48-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-6" name="__codelineno-48-6" href="#__codelineno-48-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-7" name="__codelineno-48-7" href="#__codelineno-48-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-8" name="__codelineno-48-8" href="#__codelineno-48-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-48-9" name="__codelineno-48-9" href="#__codelineno-48-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-10" name="__codelineno-48-10" href="#__codelineno-48-10"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-11" name="__codelineno-48-11" href="#__codelineno-48-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">loop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-12" name="__codelineno-48-12" href="#__codelineno-48-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Node i is already the heap root, end heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-13" name="__codelineno-48-13" href="#__codelineno-48-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-14" name="__codelineno-48-14" href="#__codelineno-48-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-15" name="__codelineno-48-15" href="#__codelineno-48-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-16" name="__codelineno-48-16" href="#__codelineno-48-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-17" name="__codelineno-48-17" href="#__codelineno-48-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-18" name="__codelineno-48-18" href="#__codelineno-48-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-19" name="__codelineno-48-19" href="#__codelineno-48-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-20" name="__codelineno-48-20" href="#__codelineno-48-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-21" name="__codelineno-48-21" href="#__codelineno-48-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-22" name="__codelineno-48-22" href="#__codelineno-48-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-23" name="__codelineno-48-23" href="#__codelineno-48-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-24" name="__codelineno-48-24" href="#__codelineno-48-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-25" name="__codelineno-48-25" href="#__codelineno-48-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-26" name="__codelineno-48-26" href="#__codelineno-48-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-48-27" name="__codelineno-48-27" href="#__codelineno-48-27"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-49-1" name="__codelineno-49-1" href="#__codelineno-49-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-2" name="__codelineno-49-2" href="#__codelineno-49-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-3" name="__codelineno-49-3" href="#__codelineno-49-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// By default, should not add this many nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-4" name="__codelineno-49-4" href="#__codelineno-49-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SIZE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-5" name="__codelineno-49-5" href="#__codelineno-49-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;heap is full!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-6" name="__codelineno-49-6" href="#__codelineno-49-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-7" name="__codelineno-49-7" href="#__codelineno-49-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-8" name="__codelineno-49-8" href="#__codelineno-49-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-9" name="__codelineno-49-9" href="#__codelineno-49-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-10" name="__codelineno-49-10" href="#__codelineno-49-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-11" name="__codelineno-49-11" href="#__codelineno-49-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-49-12" name="__codelineno-49-12" href="#__codelineno-49-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-13" name="__codelineno-49-13" href="#__codelineno-49-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-14" name="__codelineno-49-14" href="#__codelineno-49-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-15" name="__codelineno-49-15" href="#__codelineno-49-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-49-16" name="__codelineno-49-16" href="#__codelineno-49-16"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-17" name="__codelineno-49-17" href="#__codelineno-49-17"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-18" name="__codelineno-49-18" href="#__codelineno-49-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-19" name="__codelineno-49-19" href="#__codelineno-49-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-20" name="__codelineno-49-20" href="#__codelineno-49-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-21" name="__codelineno-49-21" href="#__codelineno-49-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-22" name="__codelineno-49-22" href="#__codelineno-49-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-23" name="__codelineno-49-23" href="#__codelineno-49-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-24" name="__codelineno-49-24" href="#__codelineno-49-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-25" name="__codelineno-49-25" href="#__codelineno-49-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-26" name="__codelineno-49-26" href="#__codelineno-49-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-27" name="__codelineno-49-27" href="#__codelineno-49-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-28" name="__codelineno-49-28" href="#__codelineno-49-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-29" name="__codelineno-49-29" href="#__codelineno-49-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-49-30" name="__codelineno-49-30" href="#__codelineno-49-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-50-1" name="__codelineno-50-1" href="#__codelineno-50-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element enters heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-2" name="__codelineno-50-2" href="#__codelineno-50-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_val</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-3" name="__codelineno-50-3" href="#__codelineno-50-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-4" name="__codelineno-50-4" href="#__codelineno-50-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">_val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-5" name="__codelineno-50-5" href="#__codelineno-50-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-6" name="__codelineno-50-6" href="#__codelineno-50-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-7" name="__codelineno-50-7" href="#__codelineno-50-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-8" name="__codelineno-50-8" href="#__codelineno-50-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-50-9" name="__codelineno-50-9" href="#__codelineno-50-9"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from bottom to top */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-10" name="__codelineno-50-10" href="#__codelineno-50-10"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">it</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-11" name="__codelineno-50-11" href="#__codelineno-50-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Kotlin function parameters are immutable, so create temporary variable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-12" name="__codelineno-50-12" href="#__codelineno-50-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">it</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-13" name="__codelineno-50-13" href="#__codelineno-50-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-14" name="__codelineno-50-14" href="#__codelineno-50-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-15" name="__codelineno-50-15" href="#__codelineno-50-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-16" name="__codelineno-50-16" href="#__codelineno-50-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-17" name="__codelineno-50-17" href="#__codelineno-50-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-18" name="__codelineno-50-18" href="#__codelineno-50-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-19" name="__codelineno-50-19" href="#__codelineno-50-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-20" name="__codelineno-50-20" href="#__codelineno-50-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-21" name="__codelineno-50-21" href="#__codelineno-50-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-22" name="__codelineno-50-22" href="#__codelineno-50-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-50-23" name="__codelineno-50-23" href="#__codelineno-50-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-51-1" name="__codelineno-51-1" href="#__codelineno-51-1"></a><span class="c1">### Push element to heap ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-2" name="__codelineno-51-2" href="#__codelineno-51-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-3" name="__codelineno-51-3" href="#__codelineno-51-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Add node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-4" name="__codelineno-51-4" href="#__codelineno-51-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-5" name="__codelineno-51-5" href="#__codelineno-51-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Heapify from bottom to top</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-6" name="__codelineno-51-6" href="#__codelineno-51-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-7" name="__codelineno-51-7" href="#__codelineno-51-7"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-8" name="__codelineno-51-8" href="#__codelineno-51-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-51-9" name="__codelineno-51-9" href="#__codelineno-51-9"></a><span class="c1">### Heapify from node i, bottom to top ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-10" name="__codelineno-51-10" href="#__codelineno-51-10"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sift_up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-11" name="__codelineno-51-11" href="#__codelineno-51-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">loop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-12" name="__codelineno-51-12" href="#__codelineno-51-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Get parent node of node i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-13" name="__codelineno-51-13" href="#__codelineno-51-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-14" name="__codelineno-51-14" href="#__codelineno-51-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># When &quot;crossing root node&quot; or &quot;node needs no repair&quot;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-15" name="__codelineno-51-15" href="#__codelineno-51-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="nb">p</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-16" name="__codelineno-51-16" href="#__codelineno-51-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-17" name="__codelineno-51-17" href="#__codelineno-51-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-18" name="__codelineno-51-18" href="#__codelineno-51-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Loop upward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-19" name="__codelineno-51-19" href="#__codelineno-51-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-20" name="__codelineno-51-20" href="#__codelineno-51-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-51-21" name="__codelineno-51-21" href="#__codelineno-51-21"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="4-removing-the-heap-top-element">4. &nbsp; Removing the Heap Top Element<a class="headerlink" href="#4-removing-the-heap-top-element" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The heap top element is the root node of the binary tree, which is the first element of the list. If we directly remove the first element from the list, all node indexes in the binary tree would change, making subsequent repair with heapify difficult. To minimize changes in element indexes, we use the following steps.</p>
<ol>
<li>Swap the heap top element with the heap bottom element (swap the root node with the rightmost leaf node).</li>
<li>After swapping, remove the heap bottom from the list (note that since we've swapped, we're actually removing the original heap top element).</li>
<li>Starting from the root node, <strong>perform heapify from top to bottom</strong>.</li>
</ol>
<p>As shown in Figure 8-4, <strong>the direction of "top-to-bottom heapify" is opposite to "bottom-to-top heapify"</strong>. We compare the root node's value with its two children and swap it with the largest child. Then loop this operation until we pass a leaf node or encounter a node that doesn't need swapping.</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="6:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_6_1" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_2" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_3" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_4" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_5" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_6" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_7" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_8" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_9" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_6_10" name="__tabbed_6" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_6_1">&lt;1&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_2">&lt;2&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_3">&lt;3&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_4">&lt;4&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_5">&lt;5&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_6">&lt;6&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_7">&lt;7&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_8">&lt;8&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_9">&lt;9&gt;</label><label for="__tabbed_6_10">&lt;10&gt;</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step1.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="Steps of removing the heap top element" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step1.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step2.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step2" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step2.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step3.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step3" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step3.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step4.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step4" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step4.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step5.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step5" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step5.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step6.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step6" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step6.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step7.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step7" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step7.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step8.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step8" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step8.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step9.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step9" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step9.png" /></a></p>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step10.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="heap_pop_step10" class="animation-figure" src="../heap.assets/heap_pop_step10.png" /></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p align="center"> Figure 8-4 &nbsp; Steps of removing the heap top element </p>
<p>Similar to the element insertion operation, the time complexity of the heap top element removal operation is also <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span>. The code is as follows:</p>
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="7:13"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_7_1" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_2" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_3" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_4" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_5" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_6" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_7" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_8" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_9" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_10" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_11" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_12" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_7_13" name="__tabbed_7" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_7_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_7_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_7_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_7_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_7_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_7_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_7_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_7_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_7_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_7_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_7_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_7_12">Kotlin</label><label for="__tabbed_7_13">Ruby</label></div>
<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-52-1" name="__codelineno-52-1" href="#__codelineno-52-1"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-2" name="__codelineno-52-2" href="#__codelineno-52-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Element exits heap&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-3" name="__codelineno-52-3" href="#__codelineno-52-3"></a> <span class="c1"># Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-4" name="__codelineno-52-4" href="#__codelineno-52-4"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-5" name="__codelineno-52-5" href="#__codelineno-52-5"></a> <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Heap is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-6" name="__codelineno-52-6" href="#__codelineno-52-6"></a> <span class="c1"># Swap root node with rightmost leaf node (swap first element with last element)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-7" name="__codelineno-52-7" href="#__codelineno-52-7"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-8" name="__codelineno-52-8" href="#__codelineno-52-8"></a> <span class="c1"># Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-9" name="__codelineno-52-9" href="#__codelineno-52-9"></a> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-10" name="__codelineno-52-10" href="#__codelineno-52-10"></a> <span class="c1"># Heapify from top to bottom</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-11" name="__codelineno-52-11" href="#__codelineno-52-11"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-12" name="__codelineno-52-12" href="#__codelineno-52-12"></a> <span class="c1"># Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-13" name="__codelineno-52-13" href="#__codelineno-52-13"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-14" name="__codelineno-52-14" href="#__codelineno-52-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-52-15" name="__codelineno-52-15" href="#__codelineno-52-15"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-16" name="__codelineno-52-16" href="#__codelineno-52-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-17" name="__codelineno-52-17" href="#__codelineno-52-17"></a> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-18" name="__codelineno-52-18" href="#__codelineno-52-18"></a> <span class="c1"># Find node with largest value among i, l, r, denoted as ma</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-19" name="__codelineno-52-19" href="#__codelineno-52-19"></a> <span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-20" name="__codelineno-52-20" href="#__codelineno-52-20"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-21" name="__codelineno-52-21" href="#__codelineno-52-21"></a> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-22" name="__codelineno-52-22" href="#__codelineno-52-22"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-23" name="__codelineno-52-23" href="#__codelineno-52-23"></a> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-24" name="__codelineno-52-24" href="#__codelineno-52-24"></a> <span class="c1"># If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-25" name="__codelineno-52-25" href="#__codelineno-52-25"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">ma</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-26" name="__codelineno-52-26" href="#__codelineno-52-26"></a> <span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-27" name="__codelineno-52-27" href="#__codelineno-52-27"></a> <span class="c1"># Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-28" name="__codelineno-52-28" href="#__codelineno-52-28"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-29" name="__codelineno-52-29" href="#__codelineno-52-29"></a> <span class="c1"># Loop downward heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-52-30" name="__codelineno-52-30" href="#__codelineno-52-30"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ma</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-53-1" name="__codelineno-53-1" href="#__codelineno-53-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-2" name="__codelineno-53-2" href="#__codelineno-53-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-3" name="__codelineno-53-3" href="#__codelineno-53-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-4" name="__codelineno-53-4" href="#__codelineno-53-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-5" name="__codelineno-53-5" href="#__codelineno-53-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out_of_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Heap is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-6" name="__codelineno-53-6" href="#__codelineno-53-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-7" name="__codelineno-53-7" href="#__codelineno-53-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-8" name="__codelineno-53-8" href="#__codelineno-53-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-9" name="__codelineno-53-9" href="#__codelineno-53-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-10" name="__codelineno-53-10" href="#__codelineno-53-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop_back</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-11" name="__codelineno-53-11" href="#__codelineno-53-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-12" name="__codelineno-53-12" href="#__codelineno-53-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-13" name="__codelineno-53-13" href="#__codelineno-53-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-14" name="__codelineno-53-14" href="#__codelineno-53-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-53-15" name="__codelineno-53-15" href="#__codelineno-53-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-16" name="__codelineno-53-16" href="#__codelineno-53-16"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-17" name="__codelineno-53-17" href="#__codelineno-53-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-18" name="__codelineno-53-18" href="#__codelineno-53-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-19" name="__codelineno-53-19" href="#__codelineno-53-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-20" name="__codelineno-53-20" href="#__codelineno-53-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-21" name="__codelineno-53-21" href="#__codelineno-53-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-22" name="__codelineno-53-22" href="#__codelineno-53-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-23" name="__codelineno-53-23" href="#__codelineno-53-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-24" name="__codelineno-53-24" href="#__codelineno-53-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-25" name="__codelineno-53-25" href="#__codelineno-53-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-26" name="__codelineno-53-26" href="#__codelineno-53-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-27" name="__codelineno-53-27" href="#__codelineno-53-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-28" name="__codelineno-53-28" href="#__codelineno-53-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-29" name="__codelineno-53-29" href="#__codelineno-53-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-30" name="__codelineno-53-30" href="#__codelineno-53-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-53-31" name="__codelineno-53-31" href="#__codelineno-53-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-54-1" name="__codelineno-54-1" href="#__codelineno-54-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-2" name="__codelineno-54-2" href="#__codelineno-54-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-3" name="__codelineno-54-3" href="#__codelineno-54-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-4" name="__codelineno-54-4" href="#__codelineno-54-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-5" name="__codelineno-54-5" href="#__codelineno-54-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-6" name="__codelineno-54-6" href="#__codelineno-54-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-7" name="__codelineno-54-7" href="#__codelineno-54-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-8" name="__codelineno-54-8" href="#__codelineno-54-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-9" name="__codelineno-54-9" href="#__codelineno-54-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-10" name="__codelineno-54-10" href="#__codelineno-54-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-11" name="__codelineno-54-11" href="#__codelineno-54-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-12" name="__codelineno-54-12" href="#__codelineno-54-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-13" name="__codelineno-54-13" href="#__codelineno-54-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-14" name="__codelineno-54-14" href="#__codelineno-54-14"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-15" name="__codelineno-54-15" href="#__codelineno-54-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-54-16" name="__codelineno-54-16" href="#__codelineno-54-16"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-17" name="__codelineno-54-17" href="#__codelineno-54-17"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-18" name="__codelineno-54-18" href="#__codelineno-54-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-19" name="__codelineno-54-19" href="#__codelineno-54-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-20" name="__codelineno-54-20" href="#__codelineno-54-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-21" name="__codelineno-54-21" href="#__codelineno-54-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-22" name="__codelineno-54-22" href="#__codelineno-54-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-23" name="__codelineno-54-23" href="#__codelineno-54-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-24" name="__codelineno-54-24" href="#__codelineno-54-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-25" name="__codelineno-54-25" href="#__codelineno-54-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-26" name="__codelineno-54-26" href="#__codelineno-54-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-27" name="__codelineno-54-27" href="#__codelineno-54-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-28" name="__codelineno-54-28" href="#__codelineno-54-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-29" name="__codelineno-54-29" href="#__codelineno-54-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-30" name="__codelineno-54-30" href="#__codelineno-54-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-31" name="__codelineno-54-31" href="#__codelineno-54-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-32" name="__codelineno-54-32" href="#__codelineno-54-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-54-33" name="__codelineno-54-33" href="#__codelineno-54-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-55-1" name="__codelineno-55-1" href="#__codelineno-55-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-2" name="__codelineno-55-2" href="#__codelineno-55-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-3" name="__codelineno-55-3" href="#__codelineno-55-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-4" name="__codelineno-55-4" href="#__codelineno-55-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">IsEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-5" name="__codelineno-55-5" href="#__codelineno-55-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">IndexOutOfRangeException</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-6" name="__codelineno-55-6" href="#__codelineno-55-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-7" name="__codelineno-55-7" href="#__codelineno-55-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-8" name="__codelineno-55-8" href="#__codelineno-55-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-9" name="__codelineno-55-9" href="#__codelineno-55-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Last</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-10" name="__codelineno-55-10" href="#__codelineno-55-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">RemoveAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-11" name="__codelineno-55-11" href="#__codelineno-55-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-12" name="__codelineno-55-12" href="#__codelineno-55-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SiftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-13" name="__codelineno-55-13" href="#__codelineno-55-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-14" name="__codelineno-55-14" href="#__codelineno-55-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-15" name="__codelineno-55-15" href="#__codelineno-55-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-16" name="__codelineno-55-16" href="#__codelineno-55-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-55-17" name="__codelineno-55-17" href="#__codelineno-55-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-18" name="__codelineno-55-18" href="#__codelineno-55-18"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SiftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-19" name="__codelineno-55-19" href="#__codelineno-55-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-20" name="__codelineno-55-20" href="#__codelineno-55-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-21" name="__codelineno-55-21" href="#__codelineno-55-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-22" name="__codelineno-55-22" href="#__codelineno-55-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-23" name="__codelineno-55-23" href="#__codelineno-55-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-24" name="__codelineno-55-24" href="#__codelineno-55-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-25" name="__codelineno-55-25" href="#__codelineno-55-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-26" name="__codelineno-55-26" href="#__codelineno-55-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If &#39;node i is largest&#39; or &#39;past leaf node&#39;, end heapify</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-27" name="__codelineno-55-27" href="#__codelineno-55-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-28" name="__codelineno-55-28" href="#__codelineno-55-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-29" name="__codelineno-55-29" href="#__codelineno-55-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-30" name="__codelineno-55-30" href="#__codelineno-55-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-31" name="__codelineno-55-31" href="#__codelineno-55-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-32" name="__codelineno-55-32" href="#__codelineno-55-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-55-33" name="__codelineno-55-33" href="#__codelineno-55-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-56-1" name="__codelineno-56-1" href="#__codelineno-56-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-2" name="__codelineno-56-2" href="#__codelineno-56-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-3" name="__codelineno-56-3" href="#__codelineno-56-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-4" name="__codelineno-56-4" href="#__codelineno-56-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-5" name="__codelineno-56-5" href="#__codelineno-56-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;error&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-6" name="__codelineno-56-6" href="#__codelineno-56-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-7" name="__codelineno-56-7" href="#__codelineno-56-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-8" name="__codelineno-56-8" href="#__codelineno-56-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-9" name="__codelineno-56-9" href="#__codelineno-56-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-10" name="__codelineno-56-10" href="#__codelineno-56-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-11" name="__codelineno-56-11" href="#__codelineno-56-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-12" name="__codelineno-56-12" href="#__codelineno-56-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-13" name="__codelineno-56-13" href="#__codelineno-56-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-14" name="__codelineno-56-14" href="#__codelineno-56-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-15" name="__codelineno-56-15" href="#__codelineno-56-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-16" name="__codelineno-56-16" href="#__codelineno-56-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-17" name="__codelineno-56-17" href="#__codelineno-56-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-18" name="__codelineno-56-18" href="#__codelineno-56-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-19" name="__codelineno-56-19" href="#__codelineno-56-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-56-20" name="__codelineno-56-20" href="#__codelineno-56-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-21" name="__codelineno-56-21" href="#__codelineno-56-21"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-22" name="__codelineno-56-22" href="#__codelineno-56-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-23" name="__codelineno-56-23" href="#__codelineno-56-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Find node with maximum value among nodes i, l, r, denoted as max</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-24" name="__codelineno-56-24" href="#__codelineno-56-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-25" name="__codelineno-56-25" href="#__codelineno-56-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-26" name="__codelineno-56-26" href="#__codelineno-56-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-27" name="__codelineno-56-27" href="#__codelineno-56-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-28" name="__codelineno-56-28" href="#__codelineno-56-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-29" name="__codelineno-56-29" href="#__codelineno-56-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-30" name="__codelineno-56-30" href="#__codelineno-56-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-31" name="__codelineno-56-31" href="#__codelineno-56-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-32" name="__codelineno-56-32" href="#__codelineno-56-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-33" name="__codelineno-56-33" href="#__codelineno-56-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-34" name="__codelineno-56-34" href="#__codelineno-56-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-35" name="__codelineno-56-35" href="#__codelineno-56-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-36" name="__codelineno-56-36" href="#__codelineno-56-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-37" name="__codelineno-56-37" href="#__codelineno-56-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-38" name="__codelineno-56-38" href="#__codelineno-56-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">max</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-39" name="__codelineno-56-39" href="#__codelineno-56-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-56-40" name="__codelineno-56-40" href="#__codelineno-56-40"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-57-1" name="__codelineno-57-1" href="#__codelineno-57-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-2" name="__codelineno-57-2" href="#__codelineno-57-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-3" name="__codelineno-57-3" href="#__codelineno-57-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-4" name="__codelineno-57-4" href="#__codelineno-57-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">isEmpty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-5" name="__codelineno-57-5" href="#__codelineno-57-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">fatalError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Heap is empty&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-6" name="__codelineno-57-6" href="#__codelineno-57-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-7" name="__codelineno-57-7" href="#__codelineno-57-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-8" name="__codelineno-57-8" href="#__codelineno-57-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-9" name="__codelineno-57-9" href="#__codelineno-57-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-10" name="__codelineno-57-10" href="#__codelineno-57-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">at</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-11" name="__codelineno-57-11" href="#__codelineno-57-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-12" name="__codelineno-57-12" href="#__codelineno-57-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-13" name="__codelineno-57-13" href="#__codelineno-57-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-14" name="__codelineno-57-14" href="#__codelineno-57-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-15" name="__codelineno-57-15" href="#__codelineno-57-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-16" name="__codelineno-57-16" href="#__codelineno-57-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-57-17" name="__codelineno-57-17" href="#__codelineno-57-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-18" name="__codelineno-57-18" href="#__codelineno-57-18"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-19" name="__codelineno-57-19" href="#__codelineno-57-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-20" name="__codelineno-57-20" href="#__codelineno-57-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-21" name="__codelineno-57-21" href="#__codelineno-57-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-22" name="__codelineno-57-22" href="#__codelineno-57-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-23" name="__codelineno-57-23" href="#__codelineno-57-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-24" name="__codelineno-57-24" href="#__codelineno-57-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-25" name="__codelineno-57-25" href="#__codelineno-57-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-26" name="__codelineno-57-26" href="#__codelineno-57-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-27" name="__codelineno-57-27" href="#__codelineno-57-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-28" name="__codelineno-57-28" href="#__codelineno-57-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-29" name="__codelineno-57-29" href="#__codelineno-57-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-30" name="__codelineno-57-30" href="#__codelineno-57-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-31" name="__codelineno-57-31" href="#__codelineno-57-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-32" name="__codelineno-57-32" href="#__codelineno-57-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-33" name="__codelineno-57-33" href="#__codelineno-57-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-34" name="__codelineno-57-34" href="#__codelineno-57-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-35" name="__codelineno-57-35" href="#__codelineno-57-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-36" name="__codelineno-57-36" href="#__codelineno-57-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-37" name="__codelineno-57-37" href="#__codelineno-57-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-38" name="__codelineno-57-38" href="#__codelineno-57-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-39" name="__codelineno-57-39" href="#__codelineno-57-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-57-40" name="__codelineno-57-40" href="#__codelineno-57-40"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-58-1" name="__codelineno-58-1" href="#__codelineno-58-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-2" name="__codelineno-58-2" href="#__codelineno-58-2"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-3" name="__codelineno-58-3" href="#__codelineno-58-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-4" name="__codelineno-58-4" href="#__codelineno-58-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">Error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Heap is empty&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-5" name="__codelineno-58-5" href="#__codelineno-58-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-6" name="__codelineno-58-6" href="#__codelineno-58-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-7" name="__codelineno-58-7" href="#__codelineno-58-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-8" name="__codelineno-58-8" href="#__codelineno-58-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-9" name="__codelineno-58-9" href="#__codelineno-58-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-10" name="__codelineno-58-10" href="#__codelineno-58-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-11" name="__codelineno-58-11" href="#__codelineno-58-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-12" name="__codelineno-58-12" href="#__codelineno-58-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-13" name="__codelineno-58-13" href="#__codelineno-58-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-14" name="__codelineno-58-14" href="#__codelineno-58-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-58-15" name="__codelineno-58-15" href="#__codelineno-58-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-16" name="__codelineno-58-16" href="#__codelineno-58-16"></a><span class="n">#siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-17" name="__codelineno-58-17" href="#__codelineno-58-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-18" name="__codelineno-58-18" href="#__codelineno-58-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-19" name="__codelineno-58-19" href="#__codelineno-58-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-20" name="__codelineno-58-20" href="#__codelineno-58-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-21" name="__codelineno-58-21" href="#__codelineno-58-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-22" name="__codelineno-58-22" href="#__codelineno-58-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-23" name="__codelineno-58-23" href="#__codelineno-58-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-24" name="__codelineno-58-24" href="#__codelineno-58-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-25" name="__codelineno-58-25" href="#__codelineno-58-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-26" name="__codelineno-58-26" href="#__codelineno-58-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-27" name="__codelineno-58-27" href="#__codelineno-58-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">#swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-28" name="__codelineno-58-28" href="#__codelineno-58-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-29" name="__codelineno-58-29" href="#__codelineno-58-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-30" name="__codelineno-58-30" href="#__codelineno-58-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-58-31" name="__codelineno-58-31" href="#__codelineno-58-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-59-1" name="__codelineno-59-1" href="#__codelineno-59-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-2" name="__codelineno-59-2" href="#__codelineno-59-2"></a><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-3" name="__codelineno-59-3" href="#__codelineno-59-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-4" name="__codelineno-59-4" href="#__codelineno-59-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ne">RangeError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Heap is empty.&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-5" name="__codelineno-59-5" href="#__codelineno-59-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-6" name="__codelineno-59-6" href="#__codelineno-59-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-7" name="__codelineno-59-7" href="#__codelineno-59-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-8" name="__codelineno-59-8" href="#__codelineno-59-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">pop</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-9" name="__codelineno-59-9" href="#__codelineno-59-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-10" name="__codelineno-59-10" href="#__codelineno-59-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-11" name="__codelineno-59-11" href="#__codelineno-59-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-12" name="__codelineno-59-12" href="#__codelineno-59-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-13" name="__codelineno-59-13" href="#__codelineno-59-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-14" name="__codelineno-59-14" href="#__codelineno-59-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-59-15" name="__codelineno-59-15" href="#__codelineno-59-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-16" name="__codelineno-59-16" href="#__codelineno-59-16"></a><span class="nx">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-17" name="__codelineno-59-17" href="#__codelineno-59-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-18" name="__codelineno-59-18" href="#__codelineno-59-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-19" name="__codelineno-59-19" href="#__codelineno-59-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-20" name="__codelineno-59-20" href="#__codelineno-59-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-21" name="__codelineno-59-21" href="#__codelineno-59-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-22" name="__codelineno-59-22" href="#__codelineno-59-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-23" name="__codelineno-59-23" href="#__codelineno-59-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-24" name="__codelineno-59-24" href="#__codelineno-59-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-25" name="__codelineno-59-25" href="#__codelineno-59-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-26" name="__codelineno-59-26" href="#__codelineno-59-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-27" name="__codelineno-59-27" href="#__codelineno-59-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-28" name="__codelineno-59-28" href="#__codelineno-59-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-29" name="__codelineno-59-29" href="#__codelineno-59-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-30" name="__codelineno-59-30" href="#__codelineno-59-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-59-31" name="__codelineno-59-31" href="#__codelineno-59-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-60-1" name="__codelineno-60-1" href="#__codelineno-60-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-2" name="__codelineno-60-2" href="#__codelineno-60-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-3" name="__codelineno-60-3" href="#__codelineno-60-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-4" name="__codelineno-60-4" href="#__codelineno-60-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Exception</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Heap is empty&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-5" name="__codelineno-60-5" href="#__codelineno-60-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-6" name="__codelineno-60-6" href="#__codelineno-60-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-7" name="__codelineno-60-7" href="#__codelineno-60-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-8" name="__codelineno-60-8" href="#__codelineno-60-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">removeLast</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-9" name="__codelineno-60-9" href="#__codelineno-60-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-10" name="__codelineno-60-10" href="#__codelineno-60-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-11" name="__codelineno-60-11" href="#__codelineno-60-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-12" name="__codelineno-60-12" href="#__codelineno-60-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-13" name="__codelineno-60-13" href="#__codelineno-60-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-14" name="__codelineno-60-14" href="#__codelineno-60-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-60-15" name="__codelineno-60-15" href="#__codelineno-60-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-16" name="__codelineno-60-16" href="#__codelineno-60-16"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-17" name="__codelineno-60-17" href="#__codelineno-60-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-18" name="__codelineno-60-18" href="#__codelineno-60-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-19" name="__codelineno-60-19" href="#__codelineno-60-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-20" name="__codelineno-60-20" href="#__codelineno-60-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-21" name="__codelineno-60-21" href="#__codelineno-60-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-22" name="__codelineno-60-22" href="#__codelineno-60-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-23" name="__codelineno-60-23" href="#__codelineno-60-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_maxHeap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-24" name="__codelineno-60-24" href="#__codelineno-60-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-25" name="__codelineno-60-25" href="#__codelineno-60-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-26" name="__codelineno-60-26" href="#__codelineno-60-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-27" name="__codelineno-60-27" href="#__codelineno-60-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-28" name="__codelineno-60-28" href="#__codelineno-60-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-29" name="__codelineno-60-29" href="#__codelineno-60-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-30" name="__codelineno-60-30" href="#__codelineno-60-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-60-31" name="__codelineno-60-31" href="#__codelineno-60-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-61-1" name="__codelineno-61-1" href="#__codelineno-61-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-2" name="__codelineno-61-2" href="#__codelineno-61-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">-&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-3" name="__codelineno-61-3" href="#__codelineno-61-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-4" name="__codelineno-61-4" href="#__codelineno-61-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">is_empty</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-5" name="__codelineno-61-5" href="#__codelineno-61-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">panic!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;index out of bounds&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-6" name="__codelineno-61-6" href="#__codelineno-61-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-7" name="__codelineno-61-7" href="#__codelineno-61-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-8" name="__codelineno-61-8" href="#__codelineno-61-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-9" name="__codelineno-61-9" href="#__codelineno-61-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-10" name="__codelineno-61-10" href="#__codelineno-61-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-11" name="__codelineno-61-11" href="#__codelineno-61-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-12" name="__codelineno-61-12" href="#__codelineno-61-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-13" name="__codelineno-61-13" href="#__codelineno-61-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-14" name="__codelineno-61-14" href="#__codelineno-61-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-15" name="__codelineno-61-15" href="#__codelineno-61-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-16" name="__codelineno-61-16" href="#__codelineno-61-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-61-17" name="__codelineno-61-17" href="#__codelineno-61-17"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-18" name="__codelineno-61-18" href="#__codelineno-61-18"></a><span class="k">fn</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-19" name="__codelineno-61-19" href="#__codelineno-61-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">loop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-20" name="__codelineno-61-20" href="#__codelineno-61-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-21" name="__codelineno-61-21" href="#__codelineno-61-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">Self</span><span class="p">::</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-22" name="__codelineno-61-22" href="#__codelineno-61-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-23" name="__codelineno-61-23" href="#__codelineno-61-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-24" name="__codelineno-61-24" href="#__codelineno-61-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-25" name="__codelineno-61-25" href="#__codelineno-61-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_heap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-26" name="__codelineno-61-26" href="#__codelineno-61-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-27" name="__codelineno-61-27" href="#__codelineno-61-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-28" name="__codelineno-61-28" href="#__codelineno-61-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-29" name="__codelineno-61-29" href="#__codelineno-61-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-30" name="__codelineno-61-30" href="#__codelineno-61-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-31" name="__codelineno-61-31" href="#__codelineno-61-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-32" name="__codelineno-61-32" href="#__codelineno-61-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-33" name="__codelineno-61-33" href="#__codelineno-61-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-34" name="__codelineno-61-34" href="#__codelineno-61-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-35" name="__codelineno-61-35" href="#__codelineno-61-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-36" name="__codelineno-61-36" href="#__codelineno-61-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-61-37" name="__codelineno-61-37" href="#__codelineno-61-37"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-62-1" name="__codelineno-62-1" href="#__codelineno-62-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-2" name="__codelineno-62-2" href="#__codelineno-62-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-3" name="__codelineno-62-3" href="#__codelineno-62-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-4" name="__codelineno-62-4" href="#__codelineno-62-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-5" name="__codelineno-62-5" href="#__codelineno-62-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;heap is empty!&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-6" name="__codelineno-62-6" href="#__codelineno-62-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-7" name="__codelineno-62-7" href="#__codelineno-62-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-8" name="__codelineno-62-8" href="#__codelineno-62-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-9" name="__codelineno-62-9" href="#__codelineno-62-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-10" name="__codelineno-62-10" href="#__codelineno-62-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-11" name="__codelineno-62-11" href="#__codelineno-62-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-12" name="__codelineno-62-12" href="#__codelineno-62-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-13" name="__codelineno-62-13" href="#__codelineno-62-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-14" name="__codelineno-62-14" href="#__codelineno-62-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-15" name="__codelineno-62-15" href="#__codelineno-62-15"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-62-16" name="__codelineno-62-16" href="#__codelineno-62-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-17" name="__codelineno-62-17" href="#__codelineno-62-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-18" name="__codelineno-62-18" href="#__codelineno-62-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-19" name="__codelineno-62-19" href="#__codelineno-62-19"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-62-20" name="__codelineno-62-20" href="#__codelineno-62-20"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-21" name="__codelineno-62-21" href="#__codelineno-62-21"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MaxHeap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-22" name="__codelineno-62-22" href="#__codelineno-62-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-23" name="__codelineno-62-23" href="#__codelineno-62-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Find node with maximum value among nodes i, l, r, denoted as max</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-24" name="__codelineno-62-24" href="#__codelineno-62-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-25" name="__codelineno-62-25" href="#__codelineno-62-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-26" name="__codelineno-62-26" href="#__codelineno-62-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-27" name="__codelineno-62-27" href="#__codelineno-62-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-28" name="__codelineno-62-28" href="#__codelineno-62-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-29" name="__codelineno-62-29" href="#__codelineno-62-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-30" name="__codelineno-62-30" href="#__codelineno-62-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-31" name="__codelineno-62-31" href="#__codelineno-62-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-32" name="__codelineno-62-32" href="#__codelineno-62-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-33" name="__codelineno-62-33" href="#__codelineno-62-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-34" name="__codelineno-62-34" href="#__codelineno-62-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-35" name="__codelineno-62-35" href="#__codelineno-62-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-36" name="__codelineno-62-36" href="#__codelineno-62-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-37" name="__codelineno-62-37" href="#__codelineno-62-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-38" name="__codelineno-62-38" href="#__codelineno-62-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-39" name="__codelineno-62-39" href="#__codelineno-62-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-40" name="__codelineno-62-40" href="#__codelineno-62-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-41" name="__codelineno-62-41" href="#__codelineno-62-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-62-42" name="__codelineno-62-42" href="#__codelineno-62-42"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.kt</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-63-1" name="__codelineno-63-1" href="#__codelineno-63-1"></a><span class="cm">/* Element exits heap */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-2" name="__codelineno-63-2" href="#__codelineno-63-2"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-3" name="__codelineno-63-3" href="#__codelineno-63-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-4" name="__codelineno-63-4" href="#__codelineno-63-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isEmpty</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">throw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">IndexOutOfBoundsException</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-5" name="__codelineno-63-5" href="#__codelineno-63-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-6" name="__codelineno-63-6" href="#__codelineno-63-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-7" name="__codelineno-63-7" href="#__codelineno-63-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-8" name="__codelineno-63-8" href="#__codelineno-63-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">_val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">removeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-9" name="__codelineno-63-9" href="#__codelineno-63-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-10" name="__codelineno-63-10" href="#__codelineno-63-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-11" name="__codelineno-63-11" href="#__codelineno-63-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-12" name="__codelineno-63-12" href="#__codelineno-63-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-13" name="__codelineno-63-13" href="#__codelineno-63-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-14" name="__codelineno-63-14" href="#__codelineno-63-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-63-15" name="__codelineno-63-15" href="#__codelineno-63-15"></a><span class="cm">/* Starting from node i, heapify from top to bottom */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-16" name="__codelineno-63-16" href="#__codelineno-63-16"></a><span class="kd">fun</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">siftDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">it</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-17" name="__codelineno-63-17" href="#__codelineno-63-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Kotlin function parameters are immutable, so create temporary variable</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-18" name="__codelineno-63-18" href="#__codelineno-63-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">it</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-19" name="__codelineno-63-19" href="#__codelineno-63-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-20" name="__codelineno-63-20" href="#__codelineno-63-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-21" name="__codelineno-63-21" href="#__codelineno-63-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-22" name="__codelineno-63-22" href="#__codelineno-63-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-23" name="__codelineno-63-23" href="#__codelineno-63-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-24" name="__codelineno-63-24" href="#__codelineno-63-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-25" name="__codelineno-63-25" href="#__codelineno-63-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">maxHeap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-26" name="__codelineno-63-26" href="#__codelineno-63-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-27" name="__codelineno-63-27" href="#__codelineno-63-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-28" name="__codelineno-63-28" href="#__codelineno-63-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-29" name="__codelineno-63-29" href="#__codelineno-63-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-30" name="__codelineno-63-30" href="#__codelineno-63-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-31" name="__codelineno-63-31" href="#__codelineno-63-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-32" name="__codelineno-63-32" href="#__codelineno-63-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-63-33" name="__codelineno-63-33" href="#__codelineno-63-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">my_heap.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-64-1" name="__codelineno-64-1" href="#__codelineno-64-1"></a><span class="c1">### Pop element from heap ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-2" name="__codelineno-64-2" href="#__codelineno-64-2"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">pop</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-3" name="__codelineno-64-3" href="#__codelineno-64-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Handle empty case</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-4" name="__codelineno-64-4" href="#__codelineno-64-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">raise</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">IndexError</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Heap is empty&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_empty?</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-5" name="__codelineno-64-5" href="#__codelineno-64-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Delete node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-6" name="__codelineno-64-6" href="#__codelineno-64-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-7" name="__codelineno-64-7" href="#__codelineno-64-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Remove node</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-8" name="__codelineno-64-8" href="#__codelineno-64-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-9" name="__codelineno-64-9" href="#__codelineno-64-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Return top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-10" name="__codelineno-64-10" href="#__codelineno-64-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-11" name="__codelineno-64-11" href="#__codelineno-64-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Return heap top element</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-12" name="__codelineno-64-12" href="#__codelineno-64-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-13" name="__codelineno-64-13" href="#__codelineno-64-13"></a><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-14" name="__codelineno-64-14" href="#__codelineno-64-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-64-15" name="__codelineno-64-15" href="#__codelineno-64-15"></a><span class="c1">### Heapify from node i, top to bottom ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-16" name="__codelineno-64-16" href="#__codelineno-64-16"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">sift_down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-17" name="__codelineno-64-17" href="#__codelineno-64-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">loop</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-18" name="__codelineno-64-18" href="#__codelineno-64-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># If node i is largest or indices l, r are out of bounds, no need to continue heapify, break</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-19" name="__codelineno-64-19" href="#__codelineno-64-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-20" name="__codelineno-64-20" href="#__codelineno-64-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">l</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-21" name="__codelineno-64-21" href="#__codelineno-64-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">r</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@max_heap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="o">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-22" name="__codelineno-64-22" href="#__codelineno-64-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-64-23" name="__codelineno-64-23" href="#__codelineno-64-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-24" name="__codelineno-64-24" href="#__codelineno-64-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-25" name="__codelineno-64-25" href="#__codelineno-64-25"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-64-26" name="__codelineno-64-26" href="#__codelineno-64-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Swap two nodes</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-27" name="__codelineno-64-27" href="#__codelineno-64-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-28" name="__codelineno-64-28" href="#__codelineno-64-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Loop downwards heapification</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-29" name="__codelineno-64-29" href="#__codelineno-64-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ma</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-30" name="__codelineno-64-30" href="#__codelineno-64-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-64-31" name="__codelineno-64-31" href="#__codelineno-64-31"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="813-common-applications-of-heaps">8.1.3 &nbsp; Common Applications of Heaps<a class="headerlink" href="#813-common-applications-of-heaps" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Priority queue</strong>: Heaps are typically the preferred data structure for implementing priority queues, with both enqueue and dequeue operations having a time complexity of <span class="arithmatex">\(O(\log n)\)</span>, and the heap construction operation having <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span>, all of which are highly efficient.</li>
<li><strong>Heap sort</strong>: Given a set of data, we can build a heap with them and then continuously perform element removal operations to obtain sorted data. However, we usually use a more elegant approach to implement heap sort, as detailed in the "Heap Sort" chapter.</li>
<li><strong>Getting the largest <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> elements</strong>: This is a classic algorithm problem and also a typical application, such as selecting the top 10 trending news for Weibo hot search, selecting the top 10 best-selling products, etc.</li>
</ul>
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