参与本项目,贡献其他语言版本的代码,拥抱开源,让更多学习算法的小伙伴们收益!

## 19.删除链表的倒数第N个节点 [力扣题目链接](https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-nth-node-from-end-of-list/) 给你一个链表,删除链表的倒数第 n 个结点,并且返回链表的头结点。 进阶:你能尝试使用一趟扫描实现吗? 示例 1: ![19.删除链表的倒数第N个节点](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210510085957392.png) 输入:head = [1,2,3,4,5], n = 2 输出:[1,2,3,5] 示例 2: 输入:head = [1], n = 1 输出:[] 示例 3: 输入:head = [1,2], n = 1 输出:[1] ## 思路 《代码随想录》算法公开课:[链表遍历学清楚! | LeetCode:19.删除链表倒数第N个节点](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vW4y1U7Gf),相信结合视频在看本篇题解,更有助于大家对链表的理解。 双指针的经典应用,如果要删除倒数第n个节点,让fast移动n步,然后让fast和slow同时移动,直到fast指向链表末尾。删掉slow所指向的节点就可以了。 思路是这样的,但要注意一些细节。 分为如下几步: * 首先这里我推荐大家使用虚拟头结点,这样方便处理删除实际头结点的逻辑,如果虚拟头结点不清楚,可以看这篇: [链表:听说用虚拟头节点会方便很多?](https://programmercarl.com/0203.移除链表元素.html) * 定义fast指针和slow指针,初始值为虚拟头结点,如图: * fast首先走n + 1步 ,为什么是n+1呢,因为只有这样同时移动的时候slow才能指向删除节点的上一个节点(方便做删除操作),如图: * fast和slow同时移动,直到fast指向末尾,如题: * 删除slow指向的下一个节点,如图: 此时不难写出如下C++代码: ```CPP class Solution { public: ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(ListNode* head, int n) { ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0); dummyHead->next = head; ListNode* slow = dummyHead; ListNode* fast = dummyHead; while(n-- && fast != NULL) { fast = fast->next; } fast = fast->next; // fast再提前走一步,因为需要让slow指向删除节点的上一个节点 while (fast != NULL) { fast = fast->next; slow = slow->next; } slow->next = slow->next->next; return dummyHead->next; } }; ``` ## 其他语言版本 java: ```java class Solution { public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) { ListNode dummy = new ListNode(-1); dummy.next = head; ListNode slow = dummy; ListNode fast = dummy; while (n-- > 0) { fast = fast.next; } // 记住 待删除节点slow 的上一节点 ListNode prev = null; while (fast != null) { prev = slow; slow = slow.next; fast = fast.next; } // 上一节点的next指针绕过 待删除节点slow 直接指向slow的下一节点 prev.next = slow.next; // 释放 待删除节点slow 的next指针, 这句删掉也能AC slow.next = null; return dummy.next; } } ``` Python: ```python # Definition for singly-linked list. # class ListNode: # def __init__(self, val=0, next=None): # self.val = val # self.next = next class Solution: def removeNthFromEnd(self, head: ListNode, n: int) -> ListNode: head_dummy = ListNode() head_dummy.next = head slow, fast = head_dummy, head_dummy while(n!=0): #fast先往前走n步 fast = fast.next n -= 1 while(fast.next!=None): slow = slow.next fast = fast.next #fast 走到结尾后,slow的下一个节点为倒数第N个节点 slow.next = slow.next.next #删除 return head_dummy.next ``` Go: ```Go /** * Definition for singly-linked list. * type ListNode struct { * Val int * Next *ListNode * } */ func removeNthFromEnd(head *ListNode, n int) *ListNode { dummyHead := &ListNode{} dummyHead.Next = head cur := head prev := dummyHead i := 1 for cur != nil { cur = cur.Next if i > n { prev = prev.Next } i++ } prev.Next = prev.Next.Next return dummyHead.Next } ``` JavaScript: ```js /** * @param {ListNode} head * @param {number} n * @return {ListNode} */ var removeNthFromEnd = function(head, n) { let ret = new ListNode(0, head), slow = fast = ret; while(n--) fast = fast.next; while (fast.next !== null) { fast = fast.next; slow = slow.next }; slow.next = slow.next.next; return ret.next; }; ``` TypeScript: 版本一(快慢指针法): ```typescript function removeNthFromEnd(head: ListNode | null, n: number): ListNode | null { let newHead: ListNode | null = new ListNode(0, head); //根据leetcode题目的定义可推断这里快慢指针均不需要定义为ListNode | null。 let slowNode: ListNode = newHead; let fastNode: ListNode = newHead; while(n--) { fastNode = fastNode.next!; //由虚拟头节点前进n个节点时,fastNode.next可推断不为null。 } while(fastNode.next) { //遍历直至fastNode.next = null, 即尾部节点。 此时slowNode指向倒数第n个节点。 fastNode = fastNode.next; slowNode = slowNode.next!; } slowNode.next = slowNode.next!.next; //倒数第n个节点可推断其next节点不为空。 return newHead.next; } ``` 版本二(计算节点总数法): ```typescript function removeNthFromEnd(head: ListNode | null, n: number): ListNode | null { let curNode: ListNode | null = head; let listSize: number = 0; while (curNode) { curNode = curNode.next; listSize++; } if (listSize === n) { head = head.next; } else { curNode = head; for (let i = 0; i < listSize - n - 1; i++) { curNode = curNode.next; } curNode.next = curNode.next.next; } return head; }; ``` 版本三(递归倒退n法): ```typescript function removeNthFromEnd(head: ListNode | null, n: number): ListNode | null { let newHead: ListNode | null = new ListNode(0, head); let cnt = 0; function recur(node) { if (node === null) return; recur(node.next); cnt++; if (cnt === n + 1) { node.next = node.next.next; } } recur(newHead); return newHead.next; }; ``` Kotlin: ```Kotlin fun removeNthFromEnd(head: ListNode?, n: Int): ListNode? { val pre = ListNode(0).apply { this.next = head } var fastNode: ListNode? = pre var slowNode: ListNode? = pre for (i in 0..n) { fastNode = fastNode?.next } while (fastNode != null) { slowNode = slowNode?.next fastNode = fastNode.next } slowNode?.next = slowNode?.next?.next return pre.next } ``` Swift: ```swift func removeNthFromEnd(_ head: ListNode?, _ n: Int) -> ListNode? { if head == nil { return nil } if n == 0 { return head } let dummyHead = ListNode(-1, head) var fast: ListNode? = dummyHead var slow: ListNode? = dummyHead // fast 前移 n for _ in 0 ..< n { fast = fast?.next } while fast?.next != nil { fast = fast?.next slow = slow?.next } slow?.next = slow?.next?.next return dummyHead.next } ``` PHP: ```php function removeNthFromEnd($head, $n) { // 设置虚拟头节点 $dummyHead = new ListNode(); $dummyHead->next = $head; $slow = $fast = $dummyHead; while($n-- && $fast != null){ $fast = $fast->next; } // fast 再走一步,让 slow 指向删除节点的上一个节点 $fast = $fast->next; while ($fast != NULL) { $fast = $fast->next; $slow = $slow->next; } $slow->next = $slow->next->next; return $dummyHead->next; } ``` Scala: ```scala object Solution { def removeNthFromEnd(head: ListNode, n: Int): ListNode = { val dummy = new ListNode(-1, head) // 定义虚拟头节点 var fast = head // 快指针从头开始走 var slow = dummy // 慢指针从虚拟头开始头 // 因为参数 n 是不可变量,所以不能使用 while(n>0){n-=1}的方式 for (i <- 0 until n) { fast = fast.next } // 快指针和满指针一起走,直到fast走到null while (fast != null) { slow = slow.next fast = fast.next } // 删除slow的下一个节点 slow.next = slow.next.next // 返回虚拟头节点的下一个 dummy.next } } ``` -----------------------