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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter1/4mini-rt-baremetal.html">构建裸机执行环境</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-6" name="toctree-checkbox-6" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-6"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter2/index.html">第二章：批处理系统</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-7" name="toctree-checkbox-7" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-7"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter2/0intro.html">引言</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter2/2application.html">实现应用程序</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-8" name="toctree-checkbox-8" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-8"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/index.html">第三章：多道程序与分时多任务</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-11" name="toctree-checkbox-11" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-11"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/0intro.html">引言</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/1multi-loader.html">多道程序放置与加载</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/2task-switching.html">任务切换</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/3multiprogramming.html">管理多道程序</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/4time-sharing-system.html">分时多任务系统</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter3/5exercise.html">chapter3练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/index.html">第四章：地址空间</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-12" name="toctree-checkbox-12" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-12"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/0intro.html">引言</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/3sv39-implementation-1.html">实现 SV39 多级页表机制（上）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/4sv39-implementation-2.html">实现 SV39 多级页表机制（下）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/5kernel-app-spaces.html">内核与应用的地址空间</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/6multitasking-based-on-as.html">基于地址空间的分时多任务</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter4/7exercise.html">chapter4练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter5/index.html">第五章：进程及进程管理</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-13" name="toctree-checkbox-13" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-13"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter5/0intro.html">引言</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter5/1process.html">与进程有关的重要系统调用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter5/2core-data-structures.html">进程管理的核心数据结构</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter5/3implement-process-mechanism.html">进程管理机制的设计实现</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter5/4exercise.html">chapter5练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/index.html">第六章：文件系统与I/O重定向</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-14"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/1file-descriptor.html">文件与文件描述符</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/1fs-interface.html">文件系统接口</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/2fs-implementation-1.html">简易文件系统 easy-fs (上)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/2fs-implementation-2.html">简易文件系统 easy-fs (下)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/3using-easy-fs-in-kernel.html">在内核中使用 easy-fs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter6/4exercise.html">chapter6练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter7/index.html">第七章：进程间通信</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-15" name="toctree-checkbox-15" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-15"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter7/1pipe.html">管道</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter7/2cmdargs-and-redirection.html">命令行参数与标准 I/O 重定向</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter7/3exercise.html">chapter7练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter8/index.html">第八章：并发</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-16" name="toctree-checkbox-16" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-16"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter8/1thread-kernel.html">内核态的线程管理</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter8/2lock.html">锁机制</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter8/4condition-variable.html">条件变量机制</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chapter8/5exercise.html">chapter8 练习</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">附录</span></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="appendix-a/index.html">附录 A：Rust 系统编程资料</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-17" name="toctree-checkbox-17" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-17"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="appendix-b/index.html">附录 B：常见工具的使用方法</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-18" name="toctree-checkbox-18" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-18"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="appendix-c/index.html">附录 C：深入机器模式：RustSBI</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-19" name="toctree-checkbox-19" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-19"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="appendix-d/index.html">附录 D：RISC-V相关信息</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">开发注记</span></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="setup-sphinx.html">修改和构建本项目</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-20" name="toctree-checkbox-20" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-20"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="rest-example.html">reStructuredText 基本语法</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-21" name="toctree-checkbox-21" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-21"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="simple">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
<div class="main">
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
<article role="main">
|
||
<div class="content-icon-container">
|
||
<div class="theme-toggle-container theme-toggle-content">
|
||
<button class="theme-toggle">
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Toggle Light / Dark / Auto color theme</div>
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<svg class="theme-icon-when-auto"><use href="#svg-sun-half"></use></svg>
|
||
<svg class="theme-icon-when-dark"><use href="#svg-moon"></use></svg>
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<svg class="theme-icon-when-light"><use href="#svg-sun"></use></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<label class="toc-overlay-icon toc-content-icon" for="__toc">
|
||
<div class="visually-hidden">Toggle table of contents sidebar</div>
|
||
<i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-toc"></use></svg></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id1">
|
||
<h1>第零章：实验环境配置<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>本节我们将完成环境配置并成功运行 rCore-Tutorial 。整个流程分为下面几个部分：</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>OS 环境配置</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Rust 开发环境配置</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Qemu 模拟器安装</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>其他工具安装</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>试运行 rCore-Tutorial</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果你在环境配置中遇到了无法解决的问题，请在本节讨论区留言，我们会尽力提供帮助。</p>
|
||
<p>目前，实验主要支持 Ubuntu18.04/20.04 操作系统。使用 Windows10 和 macOS 的读者，可以安装一台 Ubuntu18.04 虚拟机或 Docker
|
||
进行实验。也可基于 <strong>github classroom with codespaces</strong> 进行开发。</p>
|
||
<div class="section" id="github-classroomos">
|
||
<h2>Github Classroom方式进行在线OS 环境配置<a class="headerlink" href="#github-classroomos" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p><strong>基于github classroom的在线开发方式</strong></p>
|
||
<p>基于github classroom，可方便建立开发用的git repository，并可基于github的 codespace （在线版ubuntu +vscode）在线开发使用。整个开发环境仅仅需要一个网络浏览器。</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>在网络浏览器中用自己的 github id 登录 github.com</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>接收 <a class="reference external" href="https://classroom.github.com/a/hnoWuKGF">第一个实验练习 setup-env-run-os1 的github classroom在线邀请</a> ，根据提示一路选择OK即可。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>完成第二步后，你的第一个实验练习 setup-env-run-os1 的 github repository 会被自动建立好，点击此github repository的链接，就可看到你要完成的第一个实验了。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>在你的第一个实验练习的网页的中上部可以看到一个醒目的 <cite>code</cite> 绿色按钮，点击后，可以进一步看到 <cite>codespace</cite> 标签和醒目的 <cite>create codesapce on main</cite> 绿色按钮。请点击这个绿色按钮，就可以进入到在线的ubuntu +vscode环境中</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>再按照下面的环境安装提示在vscode的 <cite>console</cite> 中安装配置开发环境：rustc，qemu等工具。注：也可在vscode的 <cite>console</cite> 中执行 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">codespaces_setenv</span></code> 来自动安装配置开发环境（执行``sudo``需要root权限，仅需要执行一次）。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><strong>重要：</strong> 在vscode的 <cite>console</cite> 中执行 <cite>make setupclassroom_testX</cite> （该命令仅执行一次，X的范围为 1-8）配置githubclassroom 自动评分功能。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>然后就可以基于在线vscode进行开发、运行、提交等完整的实验过程了。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>上述的3，4，5步不是必须的，你也可以仅仅基于 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Github</span> <span class="pre">Classromm</span></code> 生成git repository，并进行本地开发。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="dockeros">
|
||
<h2>Docker方式进行本地OS开发环境配置<a class="headerlink" href="#dockeros" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Docker 开发环境</strong></p>
|
||
<p>使用方法如下（以 Ubuntu20.04 为例）：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>以 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lab0-0</span></code> 为例，下载克隆本次的实验repo 或 <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/LearningOS/rust-based-os-comp2022.git">https://github.com/LearningOS/rust-based-os-comp2022.git</a> ； 在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lab0-0</span></code> repo的根目录下，执行 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">build_docker</span></code> 来建立基于docker的开发环境;</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lab0-0</span></code> repo的根目录下执行 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">docker</span></code> 进入到 Docker 开发环境；</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>进入 Docker 之后，会发现当前处于根目录 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code> ，我们通过 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cd</span> <span class="pre">os1</span></code> 将当前工作路径切换到 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lab0-0</span></code> repo的根目录下；</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>接下来就可以在这个环境下进行实验了。例如 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOG=DEBUG</span> <span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code> 。</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>大致操作和输出如下：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ make build_docker
|
||
$ make docker
|
||
docker$ cd os1
|
||
docker$ LOG=DEBUG make run
|
||
...
|
||
[rustsbi] RustSBI version 0.2.2, adapting to RISC-V SBI v1.0.0
|
||
.______ __ __ _______.___________. _______..______ __
|
||
| _ \ | | | | / | | / || _ \ | |
|
||
| |_) | | | | | | (----`---| |----`| (----`| |_) || |
|
||
| / | | | | \ \ | | \ \ | _ < | |
|
||
| |\ \----.| `--' |.----) | | | .----) | | |_) || |
|
||
| _| `._____| \______/ |_______/ |__| |_______/ |______/ |__|
|
||
[rustsbi] Implementation : RustSBI-QEMU Version 0.1.1
|
||
[rustsbi] Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
|
||
[rustsbi] Platform SMP : 1
|
||
[rustsbi] Platform Memory : 0x80000000..0x88000000
|
||
[rustsbi] Boot HART : 0
|
||
[rustsbi] Device Tree Region : 0x87000000..0x87000ef2
|
||
[rustsbi] Firmware Address : 0x80000000
|
||
[rustsbi] Supervisor Address : 0x80200000
|
||
[rustsbi] pmp01: 0x00000000..0x80000000 (-wr)
|
||
[rustsbi] pmp02: 0x80000000..0x80200000 (---)
|
||
[rustsbi] pmp03: 0x80200000..0x88000000 (xwr)
|
||
Hello, world!
|
||
[DEBUG] .rodata [0x80203000, 0x80205000)
|
||
[ INFO] .data [0x80205000, 0x80206000)
|
||
[ WARN] boot_stack [0x80206000, 0x80216000)
|
||
[ERROR] .bss [0x80216000, 0x80217000)
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>注：</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>感谢 qobilidop， dinghao188 和张汉东老师帮忙配置好的 Docker 开发环境，进入 Docker 开发环境之后不需要任何软件工具链的安装和配置，可以直接将 tutorial 运行起来，目前应该仅支持将 本次实验 运行在 Qemu-7.0.0 模拟器上。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>目前的Docker开发环境主要是建立好了实验用的开发环境，还没有设置国内crates源（可选） 、配置基于github classroom的自动测试环境等 。所以还需要参考上面或下面的步骤进行部分配置和部分安装。</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="os">
|
||
<h2>手动方式进行本地OS开发环境配置<a class="headerlink" href="#os" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><p>注：如果是本地的ubuntu中建立开发环境，可在shell中执行 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">ubuntu_local_setenv</span></code> 来快速安装配置开发环境（执行``sudo``需要root权限，仅需要执行一次）。</p>
|
||
<p>当然，也可以通过如下详细介绍，一步一步地手动配置开发环境。</p>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>Windows10 用户可以通过系统内置的 <strong>WSL2</strong> 虚拟机（请不要使用 WSL1）来安装 Ubuntu 18.04 / 20.04 。读者请自行在互联网上搜索相关安装教程，或 <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-win10#step-4---download-the-linux-kernel-update-package">适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统安装指南 (Windows 10)</a> 。</p>
|
||
<p>使用 macOS 进行实验理论上也是可行的，但本章节仅介绍 Ubuntu 下的环境配置方案。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>经初步测试，使用 M1 芯片的 macOS 也可以运行本实验的框架，即我们的实验对平台的要求不是很高。但我们仍建议同学配置 Ubuntu 环境，以避免未知的环境问题。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="rust">
|
||
<h3>Rust 开发环境配置<a class="headerlink" href="#rust" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>首先安装 Rust 版本管理器 rustup 和 Rust 包管理器 cargo，可以使用官方安装脚本：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf <span class="p">|</span> sh
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>如果因网络问题通过命令行下载脚本失败了，可以在浏览器地址栏中输入 <a class="reference external" href="https://sh.rustup.rs">https://sh.rustup.rs</a> 将脚本下载到本地运行。或者使用字节跳动提供的镜像源。</p>
|
||
<p>建议将 rustup 的镜像地址修改为中科大的镜像服务器，以加速安装：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER</span><span class="o">=</span>https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT</span><span class="o">=</span>https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup
|
||
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf <span class="p">|</span> sh
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>或者使用 tuna 源来加速（建议清华同学在校园网中使用） <a class="reference external" href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/rustup/">参见 rustup 帮助</a>：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT</span><span class="o">=</span>https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER</span><span class="o">=</span>https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup
|
||
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf <span class="p">|</span> sh
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>也可以设置科学上网代理：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># e.g. Shadowsocks 代理，请根据自身配置灵活调整下面的链接</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">https_proxy</span><span class="o">=</span>http://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">http_proxy</span><span class="o">=</span>http://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">ftp_proxy</span><span class="o">=</span>http://127.0.0.1:1080
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>安装中全程选择默认选项即可。</p>
|
||
<p>安装完成后，我们可以重新打开一个终端来让新设置的环境变量生效，也可以手动将环境变量设置应用到当前终端，
|
||
只需输入以下命令：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">source</span> <span class="nv">$HOME</span>/.cargo/env
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>确认一下我们正确安装了 Rust 工具链：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>rustc --version
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>最好把 Rust 包管理器 cargo 镜像地址 crates.io 也替换成中国科学技术大学的镜像服务器，来加速三方库的下载。
|
||
打开或新建 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.cargo/config</span></code> 文件，并把内容修改为：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-toml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">[source.crates-io]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">registry</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"</span>
|
||
<span class="n">replace-with</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'ustc'</span>
|
||
<span class="k">[source.ustc]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">registry</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>同样，也可以使用tuna源 <a class="reference external" href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/crates.io-index.git/">参见 crates.io 帮助</a>：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-toml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">[source.crates-io]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">replace-with</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">'tuna'</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">[source.tuna]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">registry</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index.git"</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>推荐 Visual Studio Code 搭配 rust-analyzer 和 RISC-V Support 插件 进行代码阅读和开发。</p>
|
||
<p>也可采用 JetBrains Clion + Rust插件进行代码阅读和开发。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>JetBrains Clion是付费商业软件，但对于学生和教师，只要在 JetBrains 网站注册账号，可以享受一定期限（半年左右）的免费使用的福利。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Visual Studio Code 是开源软件。</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>当然，采用 VIM，Emacs 等传统的编辑器也是没有问题的。</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="qemu">
|
||
<h3>Qemu 模拟器安装<a class="headerlink" href="#qemu" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>我们需要使用 Qemu 7.0.0 以上版本进行实验，为此，从源码手动编译安装 Qemu 模拟器：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># 安装编译所需的依赖包</span>
|
||
sudo apt install autoconf automake autotools-dev curl libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev <span class="se">\</span>
|
||
gawk build-essential bison flex texinfo gperf libtool patchutils bc <span class="se">\</span>
|
||
zlib1g-dev libexpat-dev pkg-config libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev git tmux python3 ninja-build
|
||
<span class="c1"># 下载源码包</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># 如果下载速度过慢可以使用我们提供的百度网盘链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z-iWIPjxjxbdFS2Qf-NKxQ</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># 提取码 8woe</span>
|
||
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz
|
||
<span class="c1"># 解压</span>
|
||
tar xvJf qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz
|
||
<span class="c1"># 编译安装并配置 RISC-V 支持</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">cd</span> qemu-7.0.0
|
||
./configure --target-list<span class="o">=</span>riscv64-softmmu,riscv64-linux-user
|
||
make -j<span class="k">$(</span>nproc<span class="k">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>注意，上面的依赖包可能并不完全，比如在 Ubuntu 18.04 上：</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>出现 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR:</span> <span class="pre">pkg-config</span> <span class="pre">binary</span> <span class="pre">'pkg-config'</span> <span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">found</span></code> 时，可以安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg-config</span></code> 包；</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>出现 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR:</span> <span class="pre">glib-2.48</span> <span class="pre">gthread-2.0</span> <span class="pre">is</span> <span class="pre">required</span> <span class="pre">to</span> <span class="pre">compile</span> <span class="pre">QEMU</span></code> 时，可以安装
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libglib2.0-dev</span></code> 包；</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>出现 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ERROR:</span> <span class="pre">pixman</span> <span class="pre">>=</span> <span class="pre">0.21.8</span> <span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">present</span></code> 时，可以安装 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libpixman-1-dev</span></code> 包。</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>另外一些 Linux 发行版编译 Qemu 的依赖包可以从 <a class="reference external" href="https://risc-v-getting-started-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/linux-qemu.html#prerequisites">这里</a>
|
||
找到。请自行选择合适的编译器版本正常编译 Qemu。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>之后我们可以在同目录下 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code> 将 Qemu 安装到 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/bin</span></code> 目录下，但这样经常会引起
|
||
冲突。个人来说更习惯的做法是，编辑 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.bashrc</span></code> 文件（如果使用的是默认的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bash</span></code> 终端），在文件的末尾加入
|
||
几行：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># 请注意，qemu-7.0.0 的父目录可以随着你的实际安装位置灵活调整</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PATH</span>:/home/shinbokuow/Downloads/built/qemu-7.0.0
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PATH</span>:/home/shinbokuow/Downloads/built/qemu-7.0.0/riscv64-softmmu
|
||
<span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PATH</span>:/home/shinbokuow/Downloads/built/qemu-7.0.0/riscv64-linux-user
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>随后即可在当前终端 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">source</span> <span class="pre">~/.bashrc</span></code> 更新系统路径，或者直接重启一个新的终端。</p>
|
||
<p>确认 Qemu 的版本：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>qemu-system-riscv64 --version
|
||
qemu-riscv64 --version
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="rcore-tutorial">
|
||
<h2>试运行 rCore-Tutorial<a class="headerlink" href="#rcore-tutorial" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="section" id="github-classroom">
|
||
<h3>基于Github Classroom 模式<a class="headerlink" href="#github-classroom" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ git clone <span class="sb">``</span>Github-Classroom帮你生成的某个OS实验的仓库<span class="sb">``</span>
|
||
$ <span class="nb">cd</span> <span class="sb">``</span>刚克隆的本地某个OS实验的仓库<span class="sb">``</span>
|
||
$ make setupclassroom_<span class="sb">``</span>实验编号<span class="sb">``</span> //注意：这一步很重要，是用于github classroom自动评测你的工作。这一步只需在首次克隆项目仓库时执行一次，以后一般就不用执行了，除非 .github/workflows/classroom.yml发生了变化。实验编号是与某个实验匹配的编号
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>实验名称 ：实验编号</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>lab0-0 : test1</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>lab0-1：test2</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>lab1：test3</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>lab2：test4</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>lab3：test5</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>lab4：test6</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>lab5：test8</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>我们先运行不需要处理用户代码的裸机操作系统 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os1</span></code> ：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> os1
|
||
<span class="nv">LOG</span><span class="o">=</span>DEBUG make run
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>如果你的环境配置正确，你应当会看到如下输出：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[rustsbi] RustSBI version 0.2.2, adapting to RISC-V SBI v1.0.0
|
||
.______ __ __ _______.___________. _______..______ __
|
||
| _ \ | | | | / | | / || _ \ | |
|
||
| |_) | | | | | | (----`---| |----`| (----`| |_) || |
|
||
| / | | | | \ \ | | \ \ | _ < | |
|
||
| |\ \----.| `--' |.----) | | | .----) | | |_) || |
|
||
| _| `._____| \______/ |_______/ |__| |_______/ |______/ |__|
|
||
[rustsbi] Implementation : RustSBI-QEMU Version 0.1.1
|
||
[rustsbi] Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
|
||
[rustsbi] Platform SMP : 1
|
||
[rustsbi] Platform Memory : 0x80000000..0x88000000
|
||
[rustsbi] Boot HART : 0
|
||
[rustsbi] Device Tree Region : 0x87000000..0x87000ef2
|
||
[rustsbi] Firmware Address : 0x80000000
|
||
[rustsbi] Supervisor Address : 0x80200000
|
||
[rustsbi] pmp01: 0x00000000..0x80000000 (-wr)
|
||
[rustsbi] pmp02: 0x80000000..0x80200000 (---)
|
||
[rustsbi] pmp03: 0x80200000..0x88000000 (xwr)
|
||
Hello, world!
|
||
[DEBUG] .rodata [0x80203000, 0x80205000)
|
||
[ INFO] .data [0x80205000, 0x80206000)
|
||
[ WARN] boot_stack [0x80206000, 0x80216000)
|
||
[ERROR] .bss [0x80216000, 0x80217000)
|
||
Panicked at src/main.rs:48 Shutdown machine!
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>通常 rCore 会自动关闭 Qemu 。如果在某些情况下需要强制结束，可以先按下 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ctrl+A</span></code> ，再按下 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code> 来退出 Qemu。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition attention">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
|
||
<p>请务必执行 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code>，这将为你安装一些上文没有提及的 Rust 包依赖。</p>
|
||
<p>如果卡在了</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Updating git repository `https://github.com/rcore-os/riscv`
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>请通过更换 hosts 等方式解决科学上网问题，或者将 riscv 项目下载到本地，并修改 os/Cargo.toml 中的 riscv 包依赖路径</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">riscv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"YOUR riscv PATH"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">features</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"inline-asm"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>恭喜你完成了实验环境的配置，可以开始阅读教程的正文部分了！</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="gdb">
|
||
<h2>GDB 调试支持*<a class="headerlink" href="#gdb" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition attention">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
|
||
<p>使用 GDB debug 并不是必须的，你可以暂时跳过本小节。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code> 目录下 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">debug</span></code> 可以调试我们的内核，这需要安装终端复用工具 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tmux</span></code> ，还需要基于 riscv64 平台的 gdb 调试器 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb</span></code> 。该调试器包含在 riscv64 gcc 工具链中，工具链的预编译版本可以在如下链接处下载：</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://static.dev.sifive.com/dev-tools/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14.tar.gz">Ubuntu 平台</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://static.dev.sifive.com/dev-tools/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.gz">macOS 平台</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://static.dev.sifive.com/dev-tools/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-w64-mingw32.zip">Windows 平台</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://static.dev.sifive.com/dev-tools/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-linux-centos6.tar.gz">CentOS 平台</a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>解压后在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bin</span></code> 目录下即可找到 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb</span></code> 以及另外一些常用工具 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">objcopy/objdump/readelf</span></code> 等。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="vscode">
|
||
<h2>VSCode 可视化调试支持<a class="headerlink" href="#vscode" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>本节将介绍如何在VSCode可视化环境中进行调试。所使用的的环境为Codespace + 本地VScode。（网页版本的VSCode没有试过，个人感觉使用本地VSCode连接到Codespace会比使用在线版本稳定一些。具体方法就是在打开Codespace时，点击Open In Visual Studio Code即可）</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition attention">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
|
||
<p>本操作指南参考了2022版实验手册，以及kidcats同学在http://rcore-os.cn/rCore-Tutorial-Book-v3/chapter0/5setup-devel-env.html所发表的评论内容。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>第一步，我们需要安装RiscV对应的GDB调试器，对应不同操作系统的调试器的下载地址可以参考上一节给出的链接。因为我们的Codespace是在Linux环境下的，所以我们可以在Terminal中使用如下命令：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> /tmp
|
||
wget https://static.dev.sifive.com/dev-tools/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14.tar.gz
|
||
tar -zxf riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14.tar.gz
|
||
<span class="nb">cd</span> riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-8.3.0-2020.04.1-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14/bin
|
||
sudo cp ./* /usr/local/bin/
|
||
<span class="nb">cd</span> /usr/local/bin/
|
||
sudo chmod <span class="m">777</span> ./*
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>上述shell命令进行了以下操作：</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p>下载调试器到一个临时路径</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>解压缩</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>将调试器复制到/usr/local/bin目录下</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>确保文件权限正确</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>完成上述操作后，新打开一个Terminal窗口，在任意目录下运行 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb</span></code> ，应该都可以找到这个可执行文件。</p>
|
||
<p>第二步：安装并设置VSCode插件</p>
|
||
<p>首先打开VSCode的插件管理器，搜索并安装插件 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C/C++</span></code> ，随后在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.vscode</span></code> 目录下新建 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">launch.json</span></code> 文件，并写入如下内容：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-json notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{
|
||
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
|
||
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
|
||
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
|
||
"version": "0.2.0",
|
||
"configurations": [
|
||
{
|
||
"type": "cppdbg",
|
||
"request": "launch",
|
||
"name": "Attach to gdbserver",
|
||
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/os8/target/riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf/release/os",
|
||
"miDebuggerServerAddress": "localhost:1234",
|
||
"miDebuggerPath": "riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb",
|
||
"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}/os8",
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>注意要修改其中的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">program</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cwd</span></code> 两项为自己当前要调试的代码的路径，上面的例子是在调试 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os8</span></code> 这个实验。</p>
|
||
<p>其中的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">type</span></code> 字段指定的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cppdbg</span></code> 类型的调试器，是由我们刚才安装的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C/C++</span></code> 插件提供的， <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">miDebuggerServerAddress</span></code> 指定了一个本地的1234端口，开始调试后，VSCode会控制debugger去连接本机的1234端口，而我们后续启动qemu后，qemu会在1234端口监听，作为一个服务器等待调试器连接上来。</p>
|
||
<p>第三步，调整项目编译配置</p>
|
||
<p>打开对应实验目录下的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Cargo.toml</span></code> 文件，例如你在开发os8，那么就是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os8/Cargo.toml</span></code> 文件，在其结尾添加如下几行：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-json notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[profile.release]
|
||
debug = true
|
||
opt-level = 0
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>这段配置的意思是说，我们要覆盖默认release模式编译的参数，默认情况下，release模式的编译会移除debug信息，也就是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">debug=false</span></code> ，并且使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">opt-level=2</span></code> ，也就是最高级别的优化进行编译，这样会导致打断点的时候很痛苦，很多代码都被优化的面目全非，对调试很不友好。</p>
|
||
<p>在上述代码中，我们将debug信息保留，并且使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> 级别进行优化。这里可选的其他级别还有 0、1、2、z、s 等。如果设置为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> 或 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> ，编译器会进行多种优化，导致源代码与执行代码之间不能一一对应，从而导致在原代码的很多地方无法打断点，无法观察变量。如果设置成0，则意味着编译器不进行编译优化，这样可以最大化地保证打断点的地方就是实际执行的地方，使得可以几乎在源码的任意为止打断点，观察变量等。所以在这里，我们优先选择 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> 级别优化选项。</p>
|
||
<p>经过初步实验，也可以选择 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> 级别进行基本的源码调试， <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">s</span></code> 级别是为了减少执行代码尺寸进行的编译优化选项，也许可以在代码大小和编译优化之间取得一个比较好的平衡。</p>
|
||
<p>第四步，修改Makefile文件</p>
|
||
<p>打开对应实验目录下的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Makefile</span></code> 文件，例如你在开发os8，那么就是 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os8/Makefile</span></code> 文件，在其结尾添加如下几行：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>dbg: build
|
||
qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -nographic -bios <span class="k">$(</span>BOOTLOADER<span class="k">)</span> -device loader,file<span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span>KERNEL_BIN<span class="k">)</span>,addr<span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span>KERNEL_ENTRY_PA<span class="k">)</span> -drive <span class="nv">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span>FS_IMG<span class="k">)</span>,if<span class="o">=</span>none,format<span class="o">=</span>raw,id<span class="o">=</span>x0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive<span class="o">=</span>x0,bus<span class="o">=</span>virtio-mmio-bus.0 -s -S
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>聪明的同学们应该可以发现，上面这一段代码是复制了Makefile中 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">debug</span></code> 目标的配置，并且把里面的启动tmux和gdb相关的部分给去掉了，只保留了启动qemu的命令，仅此而已。
|
||
之所以要说这个，是因为os6开始，qemu的启动命令增加了文件系统相关的内容， 而os6之前的qemu启动命令是比较简短的，这里是以os8为例进行说明的，如果你要调试的是os1~os5的程序，那么你现在就知道应该怎么修改上面的代码了。</p>
|
||
<p>上面启动命令的核心就是后面的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-s</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-S</span></code> 两个参数，第一个小写s告诉qemu启动之后在1234端口监听，等待调试器连接，第二个大写S表示，在调试器连接上来之前，别运行程序，等到调试器让你开始跑以后你再开始执行，这样就给了我们挂接调试器的时间。</p>
|
||
<p>好了，现在可以开始享受调试过程了。首先进入到代码目录里，例如os8这个目录，然后输入</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>make dbg <span class="nv">BASE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>之后，是照常的编译流程，编译完成后，Terminal会卡在启动qemu后的状态，此时，在VSCode中按下F5键，就可以享受调试啦~</p>
|
||
<p>再送上一个小提示，如果你关心的某个变量在调试过程中被优化掉了，你可以试着在这个地方加一个print语句，打印一下这个变量的内容，这样大概率可以防止编译器优化掉这个变量。</p>
|
||
<p>使用上述方法调试，只要保证目录结构相对正确，那么编译生成的elf文件中也保留了诸如easy-fs文件系统相关符号的信息，也就意味着，在调试os6的时候，你可以在单步调试的过程中，从kernel所在的crate直接跟踪执行，跳转到easy-fs的源码中，so cool!</p>
|
||
<p>最后，如果大家：</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p>对Cargo.toml的配置文件感兴趣，可以参考 <<a class="reference external" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html">https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/profiles.html</a>></p></li>
|
||
<li><p>对VSCode、GDB、qemu之间的互相调用关系感兴趣，可以参考：<<a class="reference external" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1jP4y1u7Nb">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1jP4y1u7Nb</a>></p></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">第零章：实验环境配置</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#github-classroomos">Github Classroom方式进行在线OS 环境配置</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dockeros">Docker方式进行本地OS开发环境配置</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#os">手动方式进行本地OS开发环境配置</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rust">Rust 开发环境配置</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#qemu">Qemu 模拟器安装</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gdb">GDB 调试支持*</a></li>
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