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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter2/index.html">第二章：批处理系统</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-7" name="toctree-checkbox-7" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-7"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">第三章：多道程序与分时多任务</a><input checked="" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-11" name="toctree-checkbox-11" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-11"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2 current current-page"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">多道程序放置与加载</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="2task-switching.html">任务切换</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="3multiprogramming.html">管理多道程序</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="5exercise.html">chapter3练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter4/3sv39-implementation-1.html">实现 SV39 多级页表机制（上）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter4/4sv39-implementation-2.html">实现 SV39 多级页表机制（下）</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter4/5kernel-app-spaces.html">内核与应用的地址空间</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter4/6multitasking-based-on-as.html">基于地址空间的分时多任务</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter4/7exercise.html">chapter4练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter5/0intro.html">引言</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter5/1process.html">与进程有关的重要系统调用</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter5/2core-data-structures.html">进程管理的核心数据结构</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter5/3implement-process-mechanism.html">进程管理机制的设计实现</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter5/4exercise.html">chapter5练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/index.html">第六章：文件系统与I/O重定向</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-14"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/1file-descriptor.html">文件与文件描述符</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/1fs-interface.html">文件系统接口</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/2fs-implementation-1.html">简易文件系统 easy-fs (上)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/2fs-implementation-2.html">简易文件系统 easy-fs (下)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/3using-easy-fs-in-kernel.html">在内核中使用 easy-fs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter6/4exercise.html">chapter6练习</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter7/index.html">第七章：进程间通信</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-15" name="toctree-checkbox-15" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-15"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter7/1pipe.html">管道</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter7/2cmdargs-and-redirection.html">命令行参数与标准 I/O 重定向</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter8/index.html">第八章：并发</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-16" name="toctree-checkbox-16" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-16"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle child pages in navigation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter8/1thread-kernel.html">内核态的线程管理</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter8/4condition-variable.html">条件变量机制</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../chapter8/5exercise.html">chapter8 练习</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="id1">
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<h1>多道程序放置与加载<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
|
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<div class="section" id="id2">
|
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<h2>多道程序放置<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在第二章中，内核让所有应用都共享同一个固定的起始地址。
|
||
正因如此，内存中同时最多只能驻留一个应用，</p>
|
||
<p>要一次加载运行多个程序，就要求每个用户程序被内核加载到内存中的起始地址都不同。
|
||
为此，我们编写脚本 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user/build.py</span></code> 为每个应用定制各自的起始地址。
|
||
它的思路很简单，对于每一个应用程序，使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cargo</span> <span class="pre">rustc</span></code> 单独编译，
|
||
用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-Clink-args=-Ttext=xxxx</span></code> 选项指定链接时 .text 段的地址为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x80400000</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">app_id</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">0x20000</span></code> 。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">注解</p>
|
||
<p>qemu 预留的内存空间是有限的，如果加载的程序过多，程序地址超出内存空间，可能出现 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">core</span> <span class="pre">dumped</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="id3">
|
||
<h2>多道程序加载<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在第二章中负责应用加载和执行的子模块 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">batch</span></code> 被拆分为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loader</span></code> 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">task</span></code> ，
|
||
前者负责启动时加载应用程序，后者负责切换和调度。</p>
|
||
<p>其中， <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loader</span></code> 模块的 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_apps</span></code> 函数负责将所有用户程序在内核初始化的时一并加载进内存。</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-rust notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// os/src/loader.rs</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 2</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">pub</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">load_apps</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">extern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"C"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">_num_app</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 6</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_app_ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_num_app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_num_app</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos"> 9</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_start</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unsafe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">core</span>::<span class="n">slice</span>::<span class="n">from_raw_parts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num_app_ptr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// clear i-cache first</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">11</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unsafe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">12</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">core</span>::<span class="n">arch</span>::<span class="fm">asm!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"fence.i"</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">13</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">14</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// load apps</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">num_app</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">16</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">get_base_i</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">17</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// clear region</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">18</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">base_i</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">base_i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">APP_SIZE_LIMIT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">19</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">for_each</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">addr</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unsafe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">addr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">write_volatile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">});</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// load app from data section to memory</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">21</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">src</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unsafe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">22</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">core</span>::<span class="n">slice</span>::<span class="n">from_raw_parts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app_start</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_start</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_start</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">23</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">24</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">unsafe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">core</span>::<span class="n">slice</span>::<span class="n">from_raw_parts_mut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">base_i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">u8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">25</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dst</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">copy_from_slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">src</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">26</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">27</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>第 <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(i\)</span> 个应用被加载到以物理地址 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base_i</span></code> 开头的一段物理内存上，而 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base_i</span></code> 的计算方式如下：</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-rust notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// os/src/loader.rs</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">2</span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">get_base_i</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app_id</span>: <span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">usize</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">APP_BASE_ADDRESS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">app_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">APP_SIZE_LIMIT</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
<span class="linenos">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>我们可以在 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">config</span></code> 子模块中找到这两个常数， <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">APP_BASE_ADDRESS</span></code> 被设置为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x80400000</span></code> ，
|
||
而 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">APP_SIZE_LIMIT</span></code> 和上一章一样被设置为 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x20000</span></code> 。这种放置方式与 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user/build.py</span></code> 的实现一致。</p>
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