diff --git a/data_structures/dsu_union_rank.cpp b/data_structures/dsu_union_rank.cpp index 4476177db..c1f317960 100644 --- a/data_structures/dsu_union_rank.cpp +++ b/data_structures/dsu_union_rank.cpp @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ /** * @file - * @brief [DSU (Disjoint sets)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set-data_structure) + * @brief [DSU (Disjoint + * sets)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set-data_structure) * @details - * dsu : It is a very powerful data structure which keeps track of different - * clusters(sets) of elements, these sets are disjoint(doesnot have a common element). - * Disjoint sets uses cases : for finding connected components in a graph, - * used in Kruskal's algorithm for finding Minimum Spanning tree. + * dsu : It is a very powerful data structure which keeps track of different + * clusters(sets) of elements, these sets are disjoint(doesnot have a common + * element). Disjoint sets uses cases : for finding connected components in a + * graph, used in Kruskal's algorithm for finding Minimum Spanning tree. * Operations that can be performed: * 1) UnionSet(i,j): add(element i and j to the set) * 2) findSet(i): returns the representative of the set to which i belogngs to. * 3) getParents(i): prints the parent of i and so on and so forth. * Below is the class-based approach which uses the heuristic of union-ranks. * Using union-rank in findSet(i),we are able to get to the representative of i - * in slightly delayed O(logN) time but it allows us to keep tracks of the parent of i. + * in slightly delayed O(logN) time but it allows us to keep tracks of the + * parent of i. * @author [AayushVyasKIIT](https://github.com/AayushVyasKIIT) * @see dsu_path_compression.cpp */ -#include /// for IO operations +#include /// for assert +#include /// for IO operations #include /// for std::vector -#include /// for assert - using std::cout; using std::endl; @@ -30,98 +31,100 @@ using std::vector; * @brief Disjoint sets union data structure, class based representation. * @param n number of elements */ -class dsu{ - private: - vector p; ///< keeps track of the parent of ith element - vector depth; ///< tracks the depth(rank) of i in the tree - vector setSize; ///< size of each chunk(set) - public: - /** - * @brief constructor for initialising all data members - * @param n number of elements - */ - explicit dsu(uint64_t n){ - p.assign(n,0); - ///initially all of them are their own parents - depth.assign(n,0); - setSize.assign(n,0); - for(uint64_t i=0;i p; ///< keeps track of the parent of ith element + vector depth; ///< tracks the depth(rank) of i in the tree + vector setSize; ///< size of each chunk(set) + public: + /** + * @brief constructor for initialising all data members + * @param n number of elements + */ + explicit dsu(uint64_t n) { + p.assign(n, 0); + /// initially all of them are their own parents + depth.assign(n, 0); + setSize.assign(n, 0); + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { + p[i] = i; + depth[i] = 0; + setSize[i] = 1; } - /** - * @brief Method to find the representative of the set to which i belongs to, T(n) = O(logN) - * @param i element of some set - * @returns representative of the set to which i belongs to - */ - uint64_t findSet(uint64_t i){ - /// using union-rank - while(i!=p[i]){ - i = p[i]; - } - return i; + } + /** + * @brief Method to find the representative of the set to which i belongs + * to, T(n) = O(logN) + * @param i element of some set + * @returns representative of the set to which i belongs to + */ + uint64_t findSet(uint64_t i) { + /// using union-rank + while (i != p[i]) { + i = p[i]; } - /** - * @brief Method that combines two disjoint sets to which i and j belongs to and make - * a single set having a common representative. - * @param i element of some set - * @param j element of some set - * @returns void - */ - void unionSet(uint64_t i,uint64_t j){ - ///checks if both belongs to same set or not - if(isSame(i,j)){ - return; - } - ///we find representative of the i and j - uint64_t x = findSet(i); - uint64_t y = findSet(j); + return i; + } + /** + * @brief Method that combines two disjoint sets to which i and j belongs to + * and make a single set having a common representative. + * @param i element of some set + * @param j element of some set + * @returns void + */ + void unionSet(uint64_t i, uint64_t j) { + /// checks if both belongs to same set or not + if (isSame(i, j)) { + return; + } + /// we find representative of the i and j + uint64_t x = findSet(i); + uint64_t y = findSet(j); - ///always keeping the min as x - ///in order to create a shallow tree - if(depth[x]>depth[y]){ - std::swap(x,y); - } - ///making the shallower tree, root parent of the deeper root - p[x] = y; + /// always keeping the min as x + /// in order to create a shallow tree + if (depth[x] > depth[y]) { + std::swap(x, y); + } + /// making the shallower tree, root parent of the deeper root + p[x] = y; - ///if same depth, then increase one's depth - if(depth[x] == depth[y]){ - depth[y]++; - } - ///total size of the resultant set - setSize[y]+=setSize[x]; + /// if same depth, then increase one's depth + if (depth[x] == depth[y]) { + depth[y]++; } - /** - * @brief A utility function which check whether i and j belongs to same set or not - * @param i element of some set - * @param j element of some set - * @returns `true` if element i and j are in same set - * @returns `false` if element i and j are not in same set - */ - bool isSame(uint64_t i,uint64_t j){ - if(findSet(i) == findSet(j)){ - return true; - } - return false; + /// total size of the resultant set + setSize[y] += setSize[x]; + } + /** + * @brief A utility function which check whether i and j belongs to same set + * or not + * @param i element of some set + * @param j element of some set + * @returns `true` if element i and j are in same set + * @returns `false` if element i and j are not in same set + */ + bool isSame(uint64_t i, uint64_t j) { + if (findSet(i) == findSet(j)) { + return true; } - /** - * @brief Method to print all the parents of i, or the path from i to representative. - * @param i element of some set - * @returns void - */ - vector getParents(uint64_t i){ - vector ans; - while(p[i]!=i){ - ans.push_back(i); - i = p[i]; - } + return false; + } + /** + * @brief Method to print all the parents of i, or the path from i to + * representative. + * @param i element of some set + * @returns void + */ + vector getParents(uint64_t i) { + vector ans; + while (p[i] != i) { ans.push_back(i); - return ans; + i = p[i]; } - + ans.push_back(i); + return ans; + } }; /** * @brief Self-implementations, 1st test @@ -129,22 +132,23 @@ class dsu{ */ static void test1() { /* checks the parents in the resultant structures */ - uint64_t n = 10; /// ans = {7,5}; - for(uint64_t i=0;i ans = {7, 5}; + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) { + assert(d.getParents(7).at(i) == + ans[i]); // makes sure algorithm works fine } - cout << "1st test passed!"< ans = {2,1,10}; - for(uint64_t i=0;i ans = {2, 1, 10}; + for (uint64_t i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) { + assert(d.getParents(2).at(i) == + ans[i]); /// makes sure algorithm works fine } - cout << "2nd test passed!"<