Files
C-Plus-Plus/d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html
2020-08-19 19:28:09 +00:00

415 lines
34 KiB
HTML

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml;charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9"/>
<meta name="generator" content="Doxygen 1.8.18"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
<title>Algorithms_in_C++: numerical_methods/ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp File Reference</title>
<link href="../../tabs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../dynsections.js"></script>
<link href="../../navtree.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../resize.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../navtreedata.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../navtree.js"></script>
<link href="../../search/search.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../search/searchdata.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../search/search.js"></script>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
extensions: ["tex2jax.js", "TeX/AMSmath.js", "TeX/AMSsymbols.js"],
jax: ["input/TeX","output/HTML-CSS"],
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML/MathJax.js"></script>
<link href="../../doxygen.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="top"><!-- do not remove this div, it is closed by doxygen! -->
<div id="titlearea">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 56px;">
<td id="projectalign" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">
<div id="projectname">Algorithms_in_C++
&#160;<span id="projectnumber">1.0.0</span>
</div>
<div id="projectbrief">Set of algorithms implemented in C++.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!-- end header part -->
<!-- Generated by Doxygen 1.8.18 -->
<script type="text/javascript">
/* @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&amp;dn=gpl-2.0.txt GPL-v2 */
var searchBox = new SearchBox("searchBox", "../../search",false,'Search');
/* @license-end */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../menudata.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../menu.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&amp;dn=gpl-2.0.txt GPL-v2 */
$(function() {
initMenu('../../',true,false,'search.php','Search');
$(document).ready(function() { init_search(); });
});
/* @license-end */</script>
<div id="main-nav"></div>
</div><!-- top -->
<div id="side-nav" class="ui-resizable side-nav-resizable">
<div id="nav-tree">
<div id="nav-tree-contents">
<div id="nav-sync" class="sync"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="splitbar" style="-moz-user-select:none;"
class="ui-resizable-handle">
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&amp;dn=gpl-2.0.txt GPL-v2 */
$(document).ready(function(){initNavTree('d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html','../../'); initResizable(); });
/* @license-end */
</script>
<div id="doc-content">
<!-- window showing the filter options -->
<div id="MSearchSelectWindow"
onmouseover="return searchBox.OnSearchSelectShow()"
onmouseout="return searchBox.OnSearchSelectHide()"
onkeydown="return searchBox.OnSearchSelectKey(event)">
</div>
<!-- iframe showing the search results (closed by default) -->
<div id="MSearchResultsWindow">
<iframe src="javascript:void(0)" frameborder="0"
name="MSearchResults" id="MSearchResults">
</iframe>
</div>
<div class="header">
<div class="summary">
<a href="#func-members">Functions</a> </div>
<div class="headertitle">
<div class="title">ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp File Reference</div> </div>
</div><!--header-->
<div class="contents">
<p>Solve a multivariable first order <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_differential_equation">ordinary differential equation (ODEs)</a> using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-implicit_Euler_method">semi implicit Euler method</a>
<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<div class="textblock"><code>#include &lt;cmath&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;ctime&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;fstream&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;valarray&gt;</code><br />
</div><div class="textblock"><div class="dynheader">
Include dependency graph for ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp:</div>
<div class="dyncontent">
<div class="center"><iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="../../d6/db4/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp__incl.svg" width="430" height="127"><p><b>This browser is not able to show SVG: try Firefox, Chrome, Safari, or Opera instead.</b></p></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="func-members"></a>
Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe">problem</a> (const double &amp;x, <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *y, <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *dy)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Problem statement for a system with first-order differential equations. Updates the system differential variables. <a href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b">exact_solution</a> (const double &amp;x, <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *y)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Exact solution of the problem. Used for solution comparison. <a href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ga827bf009831ddc477c5fa8891d5cb35f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d6/d60/group__ode.html#ga827bf009831ddc477c5fa8891d5cb35f">semi_implicit_euler_step</a> (const double dx, const double &amp;x, <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *y, <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *dy)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ga827bf009831ddc477c5fa8891d5cb35f"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Compute next step approximation using the semi-implicit-Euler method. <a href="../../d6/d60/group__ode.html#ga827bf009831ddc477c5fa8891d5cb35f">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ga827bf009831ddc477c5fa8891d5cb35f"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">double&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d6/d60/group__ode.html#ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089">semi_implicit_euler</a> (double dx, double x0, double x_max, <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *y, bool save_to_file=false)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Compute approximation using the semi-implicit-Euler method in the given limits. <a href="../../d6/d60/group__ode.html#ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f">save_exact_solution</a> (const double &amp;X0, const double &amp;X_MAX, const double &amp;step_size, const <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; &amp;Y0)</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a0ddf1224851353fc92bfbff6f499fa97"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#a0ddf1224851353fc92bfbff6f499fa97">main</a> (int argc, char *argv[])</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a0ddf1224851353fc92bfbff6f499fa97"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>
<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p>Solve a multivariable first order <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_differential_equation">ordinary differential equation (ODEs)</a> using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-implicit_Euler_method">semi implicit Euler method</a> </p>
<dl class="section author"><dt>Authors</dt><dd><a href="https://github.com/kvedala">Krishna Vedala</a></dd></dl>
<p>The ODE being solved is: </p><p class="formulaDsp">
\begin{eqnarray*} \dot{u} &amp;=&amp; v\\ \dot{v} &amp;=&amp; -\omega^2 u\\ \omega &amp;=&amp; 1\\ [x_0, u_0, v_0] &amp;=&amp; [0,1,0]\qquad\ldots\text{(initial values)} \end{eqnarray*}
</p>
<p> The exact solution for the above problem is: </p><p class="formulaDsp">
\begin{eqnarray*} u(x) &amp;=&amp; \cos(x)\\ v(x) &amp;=&amp; -\sin(x)\\ \end{eqnarray*}
</p>
<p> The computation results are stored to a text file <code>semi_implicit_euler.csv</code> and the exact soltuion results in <code>exact.csv</code> for comparison. <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/docs/images/numerical_methods/ode_semi_implicit_euler.svg" alt="Implementation solution" style="pointer-events: none;" class="inline"/></p>
<p>To implement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Pol_oscillator">Van der Pol oscillator</a>, change the <a class="el" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe" title="Problem statement for a system with first-order differential equations. Updates the system differenti...">problem</a> function to: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">double</span> mu = 2.0;</div>
<div class="line">dy[0] = y[1];</div>
<div class="line">dy[1] = mu * (1.f - y[0] * y[0]) * y[1] - y[0];</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="../../d6/dd3/ode__midpoint__euler_8cpp.html" title="Solve a multivariable first order ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using midpoint Euler method">ode_midpoint_euler.cpp</a>, <a class="el" href="../../db/dd3/ode__forward__euler_8cpp.html" title="Solve a multivariable first order ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using forward Euler method">ode_forward_euler.cpp</a> </dd></dl>
</div><h2 class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
<a id="af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>exact_solution()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
<td class="memname">void exact_solution </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">const double &amp;&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>x</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>y</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Exact solution of the problem. Used for solution comparison. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in]</td><td class="paramname">x</td><td>independent variable </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in,out]</td><td class="paramname">y</td><td>dependent variable </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00066"></a><span class="lineno"> 66</span>&#160; {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00067"></a><span class="lineno"> 67</span>&#160; y[0][0] = <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/cos.html">std::cos</a>(x);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00068"></a><span class="lineno"> 68</span>&#160; y[0][1] = -<a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/sin.html">std::sin</a>(x);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00069"></a><span class="lineno"> 69</span>&#160;}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><div class="dynheader">
Here is the call graph for this function:</div>
<div class="dyncontent">
<div class="center"><iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp_af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b_cgraph.svg" width="235" height="88"><p><b>This browser is not able to show SVG: try Firefox, Chrome, Safari, or Opera instead.</b></p></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a id="a0ddf1224851353fc92bfbff6f499fa97"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a0ddf1224851353fc92bfbff6f499fa97">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>main()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
<td class="memname">int main </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">int&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>argc</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">char *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>argv</em>[]&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Main Function </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00189"></a><span class="lineno"> 189</span>&#160; {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00190"></a><span class="lineno"> 190</span>&#160; <span class="keywordtype">double</span> X0 = 0.f; <span class="comment">/* initial value of x0 */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00191"></a><span class="lineno"> 191</span>&#160; <span class="keywordtype">double</span> X_MAX = 10.F; <span class="comment">/* upper limit of integration */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00192"></a><span class="lineno"> 192</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray&lt;double&gt;</a> Y0 = {1.f, 0.f}; <span class="comment">/* initial value Y = y(x = x_0) */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00193"></a><span class="lineno"> 193</span>&#160; <span class="keywordtype">double</span> step_size;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00194"></a><span class="lineno"> 194</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00195"></a><span class="lineno"> 195</span>&#160; <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (argc == 1) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00196"></a><span class="lineno"> 196</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;\nEnter the step size: &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00197"></a><span class="lineno"> 197</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_istream.html">std::cin</a> &gt;&gt; step_size;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00198"></a><span class="lineno"> 198</span>&#160; } <span class="keywordflow">else</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00199"></a><span class="lineno"> 199</span>&#160; <span class="comment">// use commandline argument as independent variable step size</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00200"></a><span class="lineno"> 200</span>&#160; step_size = <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/atof.html">std::atof</a>(argv[1]);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00201"></a><span class="lineno"> 201</span>&#160; }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00202"></a><span class="lineno"> 202</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00203"></a><span class="lineno"> 203</span>&#160; <span class="comment">// get approximate solution</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00204"></a><span class="lineno"> 204</span>&#160; <span class="keywordtype">double</span> total_time = <a class="code" href="../../d6/d60/group__ode.html#ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089">semi_implicit_euler</a>(step_size, X0, X_MAX, &amp;Y0, <span class="keyword">true</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00205"></a><span class="lineno"> 205</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;\tTime = &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; total_time &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot; ms\n&quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00206"></a><span class="lineno"> 206</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00207"></a><span class="lineno"> 207</span>&#160; <span class="comment">/* compute exact solution for comparion */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00208"></a><span class="lineno"> 208</span>&#160; <a class="code" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f">save_exact_solution</a>(X0, X_MAX, step_size, Y0);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00209"></a><span class="lineno"> 209</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00210"></a><span class="lineno"> 210</span>&#160; <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00211"></a><span class="lineno"> 211</span>&#160;}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><div class="dynheader">
Here is the call graph for this function:</div>
<div class="dyncontent">
<div class="center"><iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp_a0ddf1224851353fc92bfbff6f499fa97_cgraph.svg" width="582" height="367"><p><b>This browser is not able to show SVG: try Firefox, Chrome, Safari, or Opera instead.</b></p></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a id="abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#abaeae8f62a018d197f0187a1c80a90fe">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>problem()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
<td class="memname">void problem </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">const double &amp;&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>x</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>y</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; *&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>dy</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Problem statement for a system with first-order differential equations. Updates the system differential variables. </p>
<dl class="section note"><dt>Note</dt><dd>This function can be updated to and ode of any order.</dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in]</td><td class="paramname">x</td><td>independent variable(s) </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in,out]</td><td class="paramname">y</td><td>dependent variable(s) </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in,out]</td><td class="paramname">dy</td><td>first-derivative of dependent variable(s) </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00054"></a><span class="lineno"> 54</span>&#160; {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00055"></a><span class="lineno"> 55</span>&#160; <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">double</span> omega = 1.F; <span class="comment">// some const for the problem</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00056"></a><span class="lineno"> 56</span>&#160; dy[0][0] = y[0][1]; <span class="comment">// x dot</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00057"></a><span class="lineno"> 57</span>&#160; dy[0][1] = -omega * omega * y[0][0]; <span class="comment">// y dot</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00058"></a><span class="lineno"> 58</span>&#160;}</div>
</div><!-- fragment -->
</div>
</div>
<a id="aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f">&#9670;&nbsp;</a></span>save_exact_solution()</h2>
<div class="memitem">
<div class="memproto">
<table class="memname">
<tr>
<td class="memname">void save_exact_solution </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">const double &amp;&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>X0</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">const double &amp;&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>X_MAX</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">const double &amp;&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>step_size</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">const <a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray</a>&lt; double &gt; &amp;&#160;</td>
<td class="paramname"><em>Y0</em>&#160;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><div class="memdoc">
<p>Function to compute and save exact solution for comparison</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in]</td><td class="paramname">X0</td><td>initial value of independent variable </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in]</td><td class="paramname">X_MAX</td><td>final value of independent variable </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in]</td><td class="paramname">step_size</td><td>independent variable step size </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramdir">[in]</td><td class="paramname">Y0</td><td>initial values of dependent variables </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00155"></a><span class="lineno"> 155</span>&#160; {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00156"></a><span class="lineno"> 156</span>&#160; <span class="keywordtype">double</span> x = X0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00157"></a><span class="lineno"> 157</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray&lt;double&gt;</a> y = Y0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00158"></a><span class="lineno"> 158</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00159"></a><span class="lineno"> 159</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ofstream.html">std::ofstream</a> fp(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;exact.csv&quot;</span>, std::ostream::out);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00160"></a><span class="lineno"> 160</span>&#160; <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (!fp.is_open()) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00161"></a><span class="lineno"> 161</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/c/perror.html">std::perror</a>(<span class="stringliteral">&quot;Error! &quot;</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00162"></a><span class="lineno"> 162</span>&#160; <span class="keywordflow">return</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00163"></a><span class="lineno"> 163</span>&#160; }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00164"></a><span class="lineno"> 164</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Finding exact solution\n&quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00165"></a><span class="lineno"> 165</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00166"></a><span class="lineno"> 166</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/clock_t.html">std::clock_t</a> t1 = <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/clock.html">std::clock</a>();</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00167"></a><span class="lineno"> 167</span>&#160; <span class="keywordflow">do</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00168"></a><span class="lineno"> 168</span>&#160; fp &lt;&lt; x &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;,&quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00169"></a><span class="lineno"> 169</span>&#160; <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; y.size() - 1; i++) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00170"></a><span class="lineno"> 170</span>&#160; fp &lt;&lt; y[i] &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;,&quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00171"></a><span class="lineno"> 171</span>&#160; }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00172"></a><span class="lineno"> 172</span>&#160; fp &lt;&lt; y[y.size() - 1] &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;\n&quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00173"></a><span class="lineno"> 173</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00174"></a><span class="lineno"> 174</span>&#160; <a class="code" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b">exact_solution</a>(x, &amp;y);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00175"></a><span class="lineno"> 175</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00176"></a><span class="lineno"> 176</span>&#160; x += step_size;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00177"></a><span class="lineno"> 177</span>&#160; } <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (x &lt;= X_MAX);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00178"></a><span class="lineno"> 178</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00179"></a><span class="lineno"> 179</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/clock_t.html">std::clock_t</a> t2 = <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/clock.html">std::clock</a>();</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00180"></a><span class="lineno"> 180</span>&#160; <span class="keywordtype">double</span> total_time = <span class="keyword">static_cast&lt;</span><span class="keywordtype">double</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>(t2 - t1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00181"></a><span class="lineno"> 181</span>&#160; <a class="codeRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;\tTime = &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; total_time &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot; ms\n&quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00182"></a><span class="lineno"> 182</span>&#160; </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00183"></a><span class="lineno"> 183</span>&#160; fp.close();</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00184"></a><span class="lineno"> 184</span>&#160;}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><div class="dynheader">
Here is the call graph for this function:</div>
<div class="dyncontent">
<div class="center"><iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp_aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f_cgraph.svg" width="470" height="240"><p><b>This browser is not able to show SVG: try Firefox, Chrome, Safari, or Opera instead.</b></p></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- contents -->
</div><!-- doc-content -->
<div class="ttc" id="agroup__ode_html_ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d6/d60/group__ode.html#ga3874d294ab00fe9ce8731c5b7991a089">semi_implicit_euler</a></div><div class="ttdeci">double semi_implicit_euler(double dx, double x0, double x_max, std::valarray&lt; double &gt; *y, bool save_to_file=false)</div><div class="ttdoc">Compute approximation using the semi-implicit-Euler method in the given limits.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp:103</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclock_t_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/clock_t.html">std::clock_t</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="acos_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/cos.html">std::cos</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T cos(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aatof_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/atof.html">std::atof</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T atof(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclock_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/clock.html">std::clock</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T clock(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="abasic_ostream_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="abasic_ofstream_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ofstream.html">std::ofstream</a></div><div class="ttdoc">STL class.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aperror_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/c/perror.html">std::perror</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T perror(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="avalarray_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/valarray.html">std::valarray&lt; double &gt;</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="asin_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/sin.html">std::sin</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T sin(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp_html_aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#aa13517b8e5de1b75592052db7f7e237f">save_exact_solution</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void save_exact_solution(const double &amp;X0, const double &amp;X_MAX, const double &amp;step_size, const std::valarray&lt; double &gt; &amp;Y0)</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp:153</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp_html_af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html#af3adf7b092a87868917ee5fb4255192b">exact_solution</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void exact_solution(const double &amp;x, std::valarray&lt; double &gt; *y)</div><div class="ttdoc">Exact solution of the problem. Used for solution comparison.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp:66</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="abasic_istream_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_istream.html">std::cin</a></div></div>
<!-- start footer part -->
<div id="nav-path" class="navpath"><!-- id is needed for treeview function! -->
<ul>
<li class="navelem"><a class="el" href="../../dir_9c6faab82c22511b50177aa2e38e2780.html">numerical_methods</a></li><li class="navelem"><a class="el" href="../../d3/d06/ode__semi__implicit__euler_8cpp.html">ode_semi_implicit_euler.cpp</a></li>
<li class="footer">Generated by
<a href="http://www.doxygen.org/index.html">
<img class="footer" src="../../doxygen.png" alt="doxygen"/></a> 1.8.18 </li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>