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<p>Implementation to [Check if a number is Even or Odd using Bitwise Operator] (<a href="https://www.log2base2.com/c-examples/bitwise/odd-or-even-program-in-c-using-bitwise-operator.html">https://www.log2base2.com/c-examples/bitwise/odd-or-even-program-in-c-using-bitwise-operator.html</a>)
<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<div class="textblock"><code>#include &lt;cassert&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;cstdint&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;string&gt;</code><br />
</div><div class="textblock"><div class="dynheader">
Include dependency graph for check_even_odd.cpp:</div>
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<p><a href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html">Go to the source code of this file.</a></p>
<table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 id="header-namespaces" class="groupheader"><a id="namespaces" name="namespaces"></a>
Namespaces</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:bit_5Fmanipulation" id="r_bit_5Fmanipulation"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">namespace &#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d7/d81/namespacebit__manipulation.html">bit_manipulation</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:d7/d81/namespacebit__manipulation"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">for std::string <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:even_5Fodd" id="r_even_5Fodd"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">namespace &#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../dc/dff/namespaceeven__odd.html">even_odd</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:dc/dff/namespaceeven__odd"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Functions for checking if a number is even or odd using bitwise operations. <br /></td></tr>
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Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a" id="r_ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">bool&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">bit_manipulation::even_odd::is_even</a> (std::int64_t N)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Checks if a number is even or odd using bitwise AND. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d" id="r_aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static void&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">test</a> ()</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Self-test implementations. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4" id="r_ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int&#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4">main</a> ()</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Main function. <br /></td></tr>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 id="header-details" class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p>Implementation to [Check if a number is Even or Odd using Bitwise Operator] (<a href="https://www.log2base2.com/c-examples/bitwise/odd-or-even-program-in-c-using-bitwise-operator.html">https://www.log2base2.com/c-examples/bitwise/odd-or-even-program-in-c-using-bitwise-operator.html</a>) </p>
<p>Given an integer N, determine whether it is even or odd using bitwise manipulation. The least significant bit (LSB) of a binary number determines its parity:</p><ul>
<li>If the LSB is 0, the number is even.</li>
<li>If the LSB is 1, the number is odd.</li>
</ul>
<p>This can be checked efficiently using the bitwise AND operator (&amp;) with 1.</p><ul>
<li>If (N &amp; 1) == 0, N is even.</li>
<li>If (N &amp; 1) == 1, N is odd.</li>
</ul>
<p>Example: Consider 8-bit binary representations of two numbers: Number: 10 (decimal) -&gt; 00001010 (binary) LSB = 0 -&gt; Even number</p>
<p>Number: 13 (decimal) -&gt; 00001101 (binary) LSB = 1 -&gt; Odd number</p>
<p>In both cases, evaluating (N &amp; 1) isolates the LSB:</p><ul>
<li>For 10: 00001010 &amp; 00000001 = 0 (Even)</li>
<li>For 13: 00001101 &amp; 00000001 = 1 (Odd)</li>
</ul>
<p>Worst Case Time Complexity: O(1) Space Complexity: O(1)</p>
<dl class="section author"><dt>Author</dt><dd><a href="https://github.com/git5v" target="_blank">Vedant Mukhedkar</a> </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition in file <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html">check_even_odd.cpp</a>.</p>
</div><a name="doc-func-members" id="doc-func-members"></a><h2 id="header-doc-func-members" class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
<a id="ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a" name="ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">&#9670;&#160;</a></span>is_even()</h2>
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<td class="memname">bool bit_manipulation::even_odd::is_even </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">std::int64_t</td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>N</em></span></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
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<p>Checks if a number is even or odd using bitwise AND. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">N</td><td>The number to check. </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>"Even" if N is even, "Odd" if N is odd. </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html#l00055">55</a> of file <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html">check_even_odd.cpp</a>.</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 55</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 56</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> (N &amp; 1) == 0 ? true : <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 57</span> }</div>
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<a id="ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4" name="ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4">&#9670;&#160;</a></span>main()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int main </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype">void</td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em></em></span></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Main function. </p>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>0 on exit </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html#l00090">90</a> of file <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html">check_even_odd.cpp</a>.</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 90</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 91</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">test</a>(); <span class="comment">// run self-test implementations</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 92</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 93</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="acheck__even__odd_8cpp_html_aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><div class="ttname"><a href="#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">test</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static void test()</div><div class="ttdoc">Self-test implementations.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition</b> <a href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html#l00066">check_even_odd.cpp:66</a></div></div>
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<a id="aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d" name="aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">&#9670;&#160;</a></span>test()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void test </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em></em></span></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Self-test implementations. </p>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>void </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html#l00066">66</a> of file <a class="el" href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html">check_even_odd.cpp</a>.</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 66</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 67</span> <span class="keyword">using </span><a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">bit_manipulation::even_odd::is_even</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 68</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 69</span> <span class="comment">// Test Even numbers</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 70</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(0) == <span class="keyword">true</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 71</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(2) == <span class="keyword">true</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 72</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(100) == <span class="keyword">true</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 73</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(-4) == <span class="keyword">true</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 74</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(-1000) == <span class="keyword">true</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 75</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 76</span> <span class="comment">// Test Odd numbers</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 77</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(1) == <span class="keyword">false</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 78</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(3) == <span class="keyword">false</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 79</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(101) == <span class="keyword">false</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 80</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(-5) == <span class="keyword">false</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 81</span> assert(<a class="code hl_function" href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">is_even</a>(-999) == <span class="keyword">false</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 82</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 83</span> std::cout &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;All test cases successfully passed!&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; std::endl;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 84</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="acheck__even__odd_8cpp_html_ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a"><div class="ttname"><a href="#ac1cbf9fb33c4a37de47d1ed519abc20a">bit_manipulation::even_odd::is_even</a></div><div class="ttdeci">bool is_even(std::int64_t N)</div><div class="ttdoc">Checks if a number is even or odd using bitwise AND.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition</b> <a href="../../d4/dcd/check__even__odd_8cpp_source.html#l00055">check_even_odd.cpp:55</a></div></div>
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