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<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort" target="_blank">Insertion Sort Algorithm (Insertion Sort)</a>
<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<div class="textblock"><code>#include &lt;algorithm&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;cassert&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;</code><br />
<code>#include &lt;vector&gt;</code><br />
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Include dependency graph for insertion_sort.cpp:</div>
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Namespaces</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">namespace &#160;</td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html">sorting</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:d5/d91/namespacesorting"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">for working with vectors <br /></td></tr>
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Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9" id="r_a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9"><td class="memTemplParams" colspan="2">template&lt;typename T &gt; </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9"><td class="memTemplItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memTemplItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a> (T *arr, int n)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Insertion Sort Function. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a8fe6bac9e03f58abcc2ce26ef3de1b5f"><td class="memTemplItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void&#160;</td><td class="memTemplItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a8fe6bac9e03f58abcc2ce26ef3de1b5f">sorting::insertionSort</a> (<a class="elRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector.html">std::vector</a>&lt; T &gt; *arr)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a8fe6bac9e03f58abcc2ce26ef3de1b5f"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Insertion Sort for a vector. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49"><td class="memTemplItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static void&#160;</td><td class="memTemplItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49">create_random_array</a> (T *arr, int N)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49"><td class="mdescLeft">&#160;</td><td class="mdescRight">Create a random array objecthelper function to create a random array. <br /></td></tr>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort" target="_blank">Insertion Sort Algorithm (Insertion Sort)</a> </p>
<p>Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one at a time. It is much less efficient compared to other sorting algorithms like heap sort, merge sort or quick sort. However it has several advantages such as</p><ol type="1">
<li>Easy to implement</li>
<li>For small set of data it is quite efficient</li>
<li>More efficient that other Quadratic complexity algorithms like Selection sort or bubble sort.</li>
<li>It's stable that is it does not change the relative order of elements with equal keys</li>
<li>Works on hand means it can sort the array or list as it receives.</li>
</ol>
<p>It is based on the same idea that people use to sort the playing cards in their hands. the algorithms goes in the manner that we start iterating over the array of elements as soon as we find a unsorted element that is a misplaced element we place it at a sorted position.</p>
<p>Example execution steps:</p><ol type="1">
<li>Suppose initially we have <p class="formulaDsp">
\begin{bmatrix}4 &amp;3 &amp;2 &amp;5 &amp;1\end{bmatrix}
</p>
</li>
<li>We start traversing from 4 till we reach 1 when we reach at 3 we find that it is misplaced so we take 3 and place it at a correct position thus the array will become <p class="formulaDsp">
\begin{bmatrix}3 &amp;4 &amp;2 &amp;5 &amp;1\end{bmatrix}
</p>
</li>
<li>In the next iteration we are at 2 we find that this is also misplaced so we place it at the correct sorted position thus the array in this iteration becomes <p class="formulaDsp">
\begin{bmatrix}2 &amp;3 &amp;4 &amp;5 &amp;1\end{bmatrix}
</p>
</li>
<li>We do not do anything with 5 and move on to the next iteration and select 1 which is misplaced and place it at correct position. Thus, we have <p class="formulaDsp">
\begin{bmatrix}1 &amp;2 &amp;3 &amp;4 &amp;5\end{bmatrix}
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div><h2 class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
<a id="a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49" name="a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49">&#9670;&#160;</a></span>create_random_array()</h2>
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template&lt;typename T &gt; </div>
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<td class="memname">static void create_random_array </td>
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<td class="paramtype">T *</td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>arr</em></span>, </td>
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<td class="paramtype">int</td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>N</em></span>&#160;)</td>
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<p>Create a random array objecthelper function to create a random array. </p>
<dl class="tparams"><dt>Template Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="tparams">
<tr><td class="paramname">T</td><td>type of array </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">arr</td><td>array to fill (must be pre-allocated) </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">N</td><td>number of array elements </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 101</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 102</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (N--) {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 103</span> <span class="keywordtype">double</span> r = (<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/rand.html">std::rand</a>() % 10000 - 5000) / 100.f;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 104</span> arr[<a class="code hl_variable" href="../../d6/d42/data__structures_2sparse__table_8cpp.html#a10f3ffb3f6f7e1b83d556b9c8de89a5d">N</a>] = <span class="keyword">static_cast&lt;</span>T<span class="keyword">&gt;</span>(r);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 105</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 106</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="adata__structures_2sparse__table_8cpp_html_a10f3ffb3f6f7e1b83d556b9c8de89a5d"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d6/d42/data__structures_2sparse__table_8cpp.html#a10f3ffb3f6f7e1b83d556b9c8de89a5d">data_structures::sparse_table::N</a></div><div class="ttdeci">constexpr uint32_t N</div><div class="ttdoc">A struct to represent sparse table for min() as their invariant function, for the given array A....</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition</b> sparse_table.cpp:47</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="arand_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/random/rand.html">std::rand</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T rand(T... args)</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4">&#9670;&#160;</a></span>main()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int main </td>
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<p>Main Function </p>
<p>Running predefined tests to test algorithm</p>
<p>For user insteraction</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 150</span> {<span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 151</span><span class="comment"> /// Running predefined tests to test algorithm</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 152</span><span class="comment"></span> <a class="code hl_function" href="#a88ec9ad42717780d6caaff9d3d6977f9">tests</a>();</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 153</span><span class="comment"></span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 154</span><span class="comment"> /// For user insteraction</span></div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 155</span><span class="comment"></span> <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> n;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 156</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Enter the length of your array (0 to exit): &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 157</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_istream.html">std::cin</a> &gt;&gt; n;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 158</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (n == 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 159</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 160</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 161</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 162</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> *arr = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span>[n];</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 163</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Enter any &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; n &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot; Numbers for Unsorted Array : &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 164</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 165</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 166</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_istream.html">std::cin</a> &gt;&gt; arr[i];</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 167</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 168</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 169</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(arr, n);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 170</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 171</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;\nSorted Array : &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 172</span> <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 173</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; arr[i] &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot; &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 174</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 175</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 176</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 177</span> <span class="keyword">delete</span>[] arr;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 178</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 179</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="abasic_istream_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_istream.html">std::cin</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="abasic_ostream_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aendl_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T endl(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="ainsertion__sort_8cpp_html_a88ec9ad42717780d6caaff9d3d6977f9"><div class="ttname"><a href="#a88ec9ad42717780d6caaff9d3d6977f9">tests</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void tests()</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition</b> insertion_sort.cpp:109</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="anamespacesorting_html_a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void insertionSort(T *arr, int n)</div><div class="ttdoc">Insertion Sort Function.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition</b> insertion_sort.cpp:59</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a88ec9ad42717780d6caaff9d3d6977f9">&#9670;&#160;</a></span>tests()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void tests </td>
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<p>Test Cases to test algorithm </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 109</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 110</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> arr1[10] = {78, 34, 35, 6, 34, 56, 3, 56, 2, 4};</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 111</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Test 1... &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 112</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(arr1, 10);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 113</span> assert(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a>(arr1, arr1 + 10));</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 114</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;passed&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 115</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 116</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> arr2[5] = {5, -3, 7, -2, 1};</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 117</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Test 2... &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 118</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(arr2, 5);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 119</span> assert(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a>(arr2, arr2 + 5));</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 120</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;passed&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 121</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 122</span> <span class="keywordtype">float</span> arr3[5] = {5.6, -3.1, -3.0, -2.1, 1.8};</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 123</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Test 3... &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 124</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(arr3, 5);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 125</span> assert(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a>(arr3, arr3 + 5));</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 126</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;passed&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 127</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 128</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector.html">std::vector&lt;float&gt;</a> arr4({5.6, -3.1, -3.0, -2.1, 1.8});</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 129</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Test 4... &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 130</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(&amp;arr4);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 131</span> assert(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a>(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/begin.html">std::begin</a>(arr4), <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/end.html">std::end</a>(arr4)));</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 132</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;passed&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 133</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 134</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> arr5[50];</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 135</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Test 5... &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 136</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="#a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49">create_random_array</a>(arr5, 50);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 137</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(arr5, 50);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 138</span> assert(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a>(arr5, arr5 + 50));</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 139</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;passed&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 140</span> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 141</span> <span class="keywordtype">float</span> arr6[50];</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 142</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;Test 6... &quot;</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 143</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="#a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49">create_random_array</a>(arr6, 50);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 144</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/d91/namespacesorting.html#a78cb2f3b97b6db2c062b2a1df05c9ea9">sorting::insertionSort</a>(arr6, 50);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 145</span> assert(<a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a>(arr6, arr6 + 50));</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 146</span> <a class="code hl_classRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ostream.html">std::cout</a> &lt;&lt; <span class="stringliteral">&quot;passed&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; <a class="code hl_functionRef" target="_blank" href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/manip/endl.html">std::endl</a>;</div>
<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 147</span>}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="abegin_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/begin.html">std::begin</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T begin(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aend_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/iterator/end.html">std::end</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T end(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="ainsertion__sort_8cpp_html_a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49"><div class="ttname"><a href="#a59914553f24088342c139645a02a8a49">create_random_array</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static void create_random_array(T *arr, int N)</div><div class="ttdoc">Create a random array objecthelper function to create a random array.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition</b> insertion_sort.cpp:101</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="ais_sorted_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/is_sorted.html">std::is_sorted</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T is_sorted(T... args)</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="avector_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector.html">std::vector</a></div></div>
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