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makefile_cpp/C++ STD LIB/CPP_STD_LIB.html
Admin 6820e0ad70 C++标准库
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>C++标准库</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<style>
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/**
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font-family: -apple-system,Segoe UI,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji;
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max-width: 980px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 45px;
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@media not print {
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@media (max-width: 767px) {
.markdown-body {
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}
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color: #24292e;
line-height: 1.3;
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.markdown-body .highlight pre,
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<article class="markdown-body"><div class="toc-container"><p class="toc-title">目录</p><ul class="toc-list"><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#c标准库是什么？">C++标准库是什么？</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#环境准备">环境准备</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#visual-studio">Visual Studio</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#gccmingw">GCC(MinGW)</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#学习参考">学习参考</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#c语言库">C语言库</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#字符串">字符串</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#basic_string与string">basic_string与string</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#构造">构造</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#元素访问">元素访问</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#容量">容量</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#迭代器">迭代器</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#插入">插入</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#删除">删除</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#检测与比较">检测与比较</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#替换与子串">替换与子串</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#查找">查找</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#其他操作">其他操作</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#string_view">string_view</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#容器">容器</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#array">array</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#基本操作">基本操作</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#迭代器-1">迭代器</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#vector">vector</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#构造-1">构造</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#就地构造">就地构造</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#forward_list">forward_list</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#迭代器示意图">迭代器示意图</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#sort---andand---reverse">sort &amp;&amp; reverse</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#merge----andand---splice_after">merge &amp;&amp; splice_after</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h3" href="#unique---andand---remove----andand---remove_if">unique &amp;&amp; remove &amp;&amp; remove_if</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#list">list</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#"></a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#stack">stack</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#queue">queue</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#deque">deque</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#priority_queue">priority_queue</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#set">set</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#multiset">multiset</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#unordered_set">unordered_set</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#unordered_multiset">unordered_multiset</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#map">map</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#multimap">multimap</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#unordered_map">unordered_map</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#unordered_multimap">unordered_multimap</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#span与容器">span与容器</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#算法">算法</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#迭代器-2">迭代器</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#数值操作">数值操作</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#-1"></a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#随机数">随机数</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#位操作">位操作</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#时间日期">时间日期</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#文件系统（filesystem）">文件系统（filesystem）</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#正则表达式">正则表达式</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#regex_match">regex_match</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#regex_search">regex_search</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#regex_replace">regex_replace</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#多线程">多线程</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#mutex">mutex</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#lock_guard">lock_guard</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#-2"></a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#condition_variable">condition_variable</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#async">async</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#promise-future">promise future</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#原子操作">原子操作</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#通用工具库">通用工具库</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#语言支持库">语言支持库</a><span class="dots"></span></span><ul><li><span><a class="toc-h2" href="#三路比较">三路比较</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span><a class="toc-h1" href="#其他">其他</a><span class="dots"></span></span></li></ul></div><h1 class="atx" id="c标准库是什么？">C++标准库是什么？</h1>
<p>C++标准库是一系列类和函数的集合，属于C++标准的一部分，只要支持C++标准的环境中就可以直接使用。内容丰富，功能强大。对初学者来说也是很好的提升C++技能的学习材料。</p>
<p>C++标准库主要包括C++库和C语言库，头文件如下图所示。</p>
<p>C++标准库都定义在命名空间std中。</p>
<p><img alt="headers_for_std_lib" src="./img/headers_for_std_lib.png"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>本课程的目的是带领大家了解一下C++标准库，因此讲解不会太深入，只是大致过一遍让大家知道有这么个东西。上面图片中的内容也不会全部涉及，如有需要的可以自行深入研究。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="环境准备">环境准备</h1>
<p>安装的环境要能支持C++20以上的版本。能支持C++23最好。<mark>如果某个类或方法编译报错，则需要检查一下是哪个版本的C++才支持的，看看当前使用的版本是否支持</mark></p>
<h2 class="atx" id="visual-studio">Visual Studio</h2>
<p>安装器下载地址：<a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/downloads/">https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/downloads/</a></p>
<p>下载Community 版本的，不需要激活码。</p>
<p>以Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2022 为例，新建项目之后，在项目 **属性(Properties)--&gt;通用(General)--&gt;C++语言标准(C++ Language Standard)**选择Preview版本即可支持C++23的特性。</p>
<p><img alt="Visual Studio C++标准设置" src="./img/vs_cpp_std.png"></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="gccmingw">GCC(MinGW)</h2>
<p>MinGW推荐以下两个版本，选择其中一个即可。<strong>w64devkit提供的工具更多，操作更接近Linux。</strong></p>
<p>w64devkit：<a href="https://github.com/skeeto/w64devkit/releases">https://github.com/skeeto/w64devkit/releases</a></p>
<p>mingw-builds：<a href="https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases">https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases</a></p>
<p>在编译时，使用**-std=...**指定需要使用的C++版本，例如：</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">g++ -o &lt;outputname&gt; &lt;sourcefile.cpp&gt; -std=c++20</code></pre>
<p>可使用的C++标准有：c++98 c++11 c++14 c++17 c++20 c++23</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="学习参考">学习参考</h2>
<p>cppreference中文版：<a href="https://zh.cppreference.com/">https://zh.cppreference.com/</a></p>
<p>cppreference英文版：<a href="https://en.cppreference.com/">https://en.cppreference.com/</a></p>
<p>cplusplus：<a href="https://cplusplus.com/">https://cplusplus.com/</a></p>
<p>learncpp：<a href="https://www.learncpp.com/">https://www.learncpp.com/</a></p>
<p>hackingcpp：<a href="https://hackingcpp.com/">https://hackingcpp.com/</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="c语言库">C语言库</h1>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">C++头文件</th>
<th align="center">C语言头文件</th>
<th align="center">内容</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cstdio.html">cstdio</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="./cppref/zh/zh/c/io.html">stdio.h</a></td>
<td align="center">提供通用文件操作并提供有字符输入/输出能力的函数。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cmath.html">cmath</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="./cppref/zh/zh/c/numeric/math.html">math.h</a></td>
<td align="center">常用数学函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cstring.html">cstring</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="./cppref/zh/zh/c/string/byte.html">string.h</a></td>
<td align="center">字符串处理函数和一些内存操作函数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cstdlib.html">cstdlib</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="./cppref/zh/zh/c/header.html">stdlib.h</a></td>
<td align="center">基础工具库：<a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/memory.html">动态内存管理</a>、<a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/program.html">程序支持工具</a>、<a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/numeric/random.html">随机数</a>、<a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/algorithm.html">算法</a>、<a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/string/byte.html">字符与数字转换</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cctype.html">cctype</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/string/byte.html">ctype.h</a></td>
<td align="center">字符分类与大小写转换函数库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cinttypes.html">cinttypes</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/types/integer.html">inttypes.h</a></td>
<td align="center">整数类型格式宏常量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/clocale.html">clocale</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/locale.html">locale.h</a></td>
<td align="center">本地化工具库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cstdarg.html">cstdarg</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/variadic.html">stdarg.h</a></td>
<td align="center">变参数函数工具库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cstdint.html">cstdint</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/types/integer.html">stdint.h</a></td>
<td align="center">定宽整数类型及宏常量定义</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/ctime.html">ctime</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/chrono.html">time.h</a></td>
<td align="center">时间和日期工具</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cassert.html">cassert</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/error.html">assert.h</a></td>
<td align="center">断言工具库</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cerrno.html">cerrno</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/error.html">errno.h</a></td>
<td align="center">错误号定义与错误处理</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cfenv.html">cfenv</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/numeric/fenv.html">fenv.h</a></td>
<td align="center">浮点环境函数与宏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cfloat.html">cfloat</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/types/limits.html">float.h</a></td>
<td align="center">浮点类型极限宏定义</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/climits.html">climits</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/types/limits.html">limits.h</a></td>
<td align="center">整数类型一些宏定义</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/csetjmp.html">csetjmp</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/program.html">setjmp.h</a></td>
<td align="center">非局部跳转</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/csignal.html">csignal</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/program.html">signal.h</a></td>
<td align="center">几个为信号管理的函数和常量宏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cstddef.html">cstddef</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/types.html">stddef.h</a></td>
<td align="center">附加基本类型及便利宏</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cuchar.html">cuchar</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/string/multibyte.html">uchar.h</a></td>
<td align="center">UTF-16 和 UTF-32 字符工具</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cwchar.html">cwchar</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/string/wide.html">wchar.h</a></td>
<td align="center">扩展多字节和宽字符工具</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/header/cwctype.html">cwctype</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="cppref/zh/zh/c/string/wide.html">wctype.h</a></td>
<td align="center">用来确定包含于宽字符数据中的类型的函数</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="字符串">字符串</h1>
<h2 class="atx" id="basic_string与string">basic_string与string</h2>
<p>C++当中基本数据类型没有字符串，需要处理字符串时用的是字符数组，操作起来相当不方便，因此在C++标准库中提供了一个字符串类<code>std::string</code>，将字符串的一些基本操作封装到类中，简化了字符串的操作。</p>
<p>string类的定义如下：</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">typedef basic_string&lt;char&gt; string;</code></pre>
<p>可以看到，string类由模板类basic_string类型为char时定义而来，因此要学习string有哪些操作，需要学习basic_string。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/string/basic_string.html">basic_string文档</a></strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="构造">构造</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-cpp"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 用char*赋值构造</span>
string str1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str1 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str1 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
string <span class="token function">str2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"望长城内外，惟馀莽莽"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str2 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str2 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 无参构造，构造一个空字符串，构造之后可以通过 = 进行赋值</span>
string str3<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str3 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str3 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 用指定字符重复指定次数填充构造</span>
string <span class="token function">str4</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token char">'H'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str4 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str4 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 拷贝构造</span>
string <span class="token function">str5</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str5 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str5 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"\t\t"</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str2 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str2 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 移动构造</span>
string <span class="token function">str6</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str5<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str6 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str6 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"\t\t"</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str5 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str5 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 指定字符范围进行构造</span>
string <span class="token function">str7</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
string <span class="token function">str8</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str7 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str7 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str8 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str8 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// assign</span>
string str9 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"大河上下"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
str9<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str9 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str9 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 字符串拼接</span>
string str10 <span class="token operator">=</span> str1 <span class="token operator">+</span> str2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str10 = "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str10 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
str10 <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token string">"只识弯弓射大雕"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"str10 += "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str10 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="元素访问">元素访问</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str1 = "Hello World";
string str2 = "人生易老天难老，岁岁重阳";
// at与[]
string str10 = "Hello World kkkkddd";
cout &lt;&lt; "[] " &lt;&lt; str1[10] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "at " &lt;&lt; str1.at(3) &lt;&lt; endl;
str1.at(3) = 'K';
str1[10] = 'a';
cout &lt;&lt; "str1 = " &lt;&lt; str1 &lt;&lt; endl;
// front back
cout &lt;&lt; "front() = " &lt;&lt; str1.front() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "back() = " &lt;&lt; str1.back() &lt;&lt; endl;
// c_str data
cout &lt;&lt; "c_str() = " &lt;&lt; str1.c_str() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "data() = " &lt;&lt; str1.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="容量">容量</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str1 = "漫天皆白，雪里行军情更迫";
string str2 = "Hello Worldddddd";
string str3;
// empty
cout &lt;&lt; str1.empty() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; str3.empty() &lt;&lt; endl;
// size length
cout &lt;&lt; "str1.size() = " &lt;&lt; str1.size() &lt;&lt; "\tstr1.length() = " &lt;&lt; str1.length() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.size() &lt;&lt; "\tstr2.length() = " &lt;&lt; str2.length() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "str3.size() = " &lt;&lt; str3.size() &lt;&lt; "\tstr3.length() = " &lt;&lt; str3.length() &lt;&lt; endl;
// max_size
cout &lt;&lt; "str1.max_size() = " &lt;&lt; str1.max_size() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.max_size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.max_size() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "str3.max_size() = " &lt;&lt; str3.max_size() &lt;&lt; endl;
// capacity
cout &lt;&lt; "str1.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str1.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str2.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "str3.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str3.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
// reserve
str2.reserve(100);
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.size() &lt;&lt; "\t\t" &lt;&lt; "str2.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str2.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
str2.reserve(10);
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.size() &lt;&lt; "\t\t" &lt;&lt; "str2.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str2.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
// shrink_to_fit
str2.shrink_to_fit();
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.size() &lt;&lt; "\t\t" &lt;&lt; "str2.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str2.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
// resize
str2.resize(120);
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.size() &lt;&lt; "\t\t" &lt;&lt; "str2.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str2.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
str2.resize(10);
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.size() = " &lt;&lt; str2.size() &lt;&lt; "\t\t" &lt;&lt; "str2.capacity() = " &lt;&lt; str2.capacity() &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="迭代器">迭代器</h3>
<p>迭代器是一种遍历接口，一般是为容器类(如链表、队列等。string类也是一种容器)提供统一的遍历接口，使用人员无需关心容器内存分配与管理细节。</p>
<p>C++标准库中容器的迭代器分为四种：<strong>普通迭代器（简称迭代器） iterator</strong>、<strong>只读迭代器 const_iterator</strong>、<strong>反向迭代器 reverse_iterator</strong>、<strong>反向只读迭代器 const_reverse_iterator</strong>。</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello World";
// 普通迭代器， 可用来读写
string::iterator iter = str.begin();
// auto iter = str.begin();
for(; iter != str.end(); iter++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; *iter &lt;&lt; "\t";
*iter = 'A' + (iter - str.begin());
}
cout &lt;&lt; endl &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 只读迭代器
string::const_iterator citer = str.cbegin();
for(; citer != str.cend(); citer++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; *citer &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
cout &lt;&lt; endl;
// 反向迭代器
string::reverse_iterator riter = str.rbegin();
for(; riter != str.rend(); riter++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; *riter &lt;&lt; "\t";
*riter = 'B' + (riter - str.rbegin());
}
cout &lt;&lt; endl &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 反向只读迭代器
string::const_reverse_iterator criter = str.crbegin();
for(; criter != str.crend(); criter ++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; *criter &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="插入">插入</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello World";
string str2 = "STRING2";
// 在指定位置开始重复插入指定次数的单个字符
str.insert(2, 5, 'A');
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 在指定位置开始插入字符串
str.insert(5, "This is A New Insert");
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 在指定位置插入另一个string
str.insert(10, str2);
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 在指定位置插入另一个string指定范围内的内容（起始位置，字符数）
str.insert(0, str2, 2, 2);
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 在结尾处插入一个字符
str.push_back('R');
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 在结尾处追加：可以是单个字符、字符串、string，可以指定追加范围和追加字符数量
str.append("What to do?");
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="删除">删除</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
using namespace std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
string str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Hello World"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
string str2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"STRING2"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 清除全部内容</span>
str2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str2 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 删除最后一个字符</span>
str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 删除指定索引与数量的字符</span>
str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 删除指定迭代器范围内的字符</span>
str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="检测与比较">检测与比较</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello World";
string str2 = "STRING2";
// 是否以指定字符开头 可以是单个字符
cout &lt;&lt; str.starts_with("He") &lt;&lt; endl;
// 检测是否以指定字符串结尾 可以是单个字符
cout &lt;&lt; str.ends_with(".jpg") &lt;&lt; endl;
// 检测是否包含指定字符串 可以是单个字符
cout &lt;&lt; str.contains("llo") &lt;&lt; endl;
// 以字典序与另一个string相比，如果小于另一个返回负数，大于返回正数，内容相同返回0
cout &lt;&lt; str.compare(str2) &lt;&lt; endl;
// 以字典序比较两个string，内容相同返回true，否则返回false
bool cmp_result = str == str2;
cout &lt;&lt; cmp_result &lt;&lt; endl;
// 三路比较，返回strong_odering
strong_ordering order = str &lt;=&gt; str2;
// 再将order与0相比，如果order &gt; 0， 则str &gt; str2（字典序）
// 如果order &lt; 0， 则 str &lt; str2
// 如果order == 0， 则 str == str2
bool gt = order &gt; 0;
bool lt = order &lt; 0;
bool eq = order == 0;
cout &lt;&lt; "gt = " &lt;&lt; gt &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "lt = " &lt;&lt; lt &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "eq = " &lt;&lt; eq &lt;&lt; endl;
// 或者用is_gt is_lt is_eq判断
cout &lt;&lt; "is_gt " &lt;&lt; is_gt(order) &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "is_lt " &lt;&lt; is_lt(order) &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "is_eq " &lt;&lt; is_eq(order) &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="替换与子串">替换与子串</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello World";
string str2 = "STRING2";
// 用给定字符串或string替换指定部分 可以用起始位置索引+替换字符个数指定范围，也可以用迭代器起止指定
// 用于替换的字符串或string也可以指东圃
str.replace(2, 10, "NIHAOAHAHAHAH");
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; endl;
// 指定位置以后到结束的子串
string str3 = str.substr(5);
cout &lt;&lt; str3 &lt;&lt; endl;
// 指定起始位置和字符数量的子串
str3 = str.substr(5, 2);
cout &lt;&lt; str3 &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="查找">查找</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello World";
string str2 = "STRING2";
// 查找给定的子串(字符串或另一个string)，若存在则返回第一个符合的子串开始的位置，不存在则返回-1 (string::npos，转为有符号整型后为-1)
cout &lt;&lt; str.find("ll") &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; (int)str.find("WDDS") &lt;&lt; endl;
// 可以指定开始查找的位置
cout &lt;&lt; str.find("Wor", 5) &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; str.find("Wor", 9) &lt;&lt; endl;
// 用法同find， 但是从后开始查找，返回倒数第一个符合的子串开始位置，查找不到则返回string::npos
cout &lt;&lt; str.rfind("o") &lt;&lt; endl;
// 写不动文档了，find_first_of find_first_not_of find_last_of find_last_not_of大家有兴趣自行试一下
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="其他操作">其他操作</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "1234ABCD";
// string转为数值
int a1 = stoi(str);
cout &lt;&lt; a1 &lt;&lt; endl;
// 数值转为string
string str2 = "Hello From number" + to_string(100032);
cout &lt;&lt; str2 &lt;&lt; endl;
// 生成字符串hash
hash&lt;string&gt; hs1;
cout &lt;&lt; "hash of str = " &lt;&lt; hs1(str) &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "hash of str2 = " &lt;&lt; hs1(str2) &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="string_view">string_view</h2>
<p>用于解决string在参数传递时内容会复制问题，可以减少开销，提升性能。</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">void fun1(string str)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "fun1 str.data() = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)str.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
}
void fun2(string &amp;str)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "fun2 str.data() = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)str.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
}
void fun(string_view sv)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "fun string_view data() = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)sv.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
}
int main()
{
char s[] = "西风烈，长空雁叫霜晨月";
cout &lt;&lt; "char s[]地址 = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)s &lt;&lt; endl;
string str(s);
cout &lt;&lt; "str.data()地址 = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)str.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
string str2(str);
cout &lt;&lt; "str2.data()地址 = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)str2.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
fun1(s);
fun1(str);
// fun2不能接收char*
fun2(str);
// fun2(s);
string_view sv1(s);
string_view sv2(str);
cout &lt;&lt; "sv1.data()地址 = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)sv1.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "sv2.data()地址 = " &lt;&lt; (uintptr_t)sv2.data() &lt;&lt; endl;
fun(s);
fun(sv1);
fun(str);
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="容器">容器</h1>
<h2 class="atx" id="array">array</h2>
<p>C++传统C风格的数组实际上只是一个裸数组，携带的信息很少，不像Java中的数组有边界检查以及数组大小等信息，使用的时候需要考虑的方面有很多。</p>
<p><code>std::array</code>是C++ 11中提供的一个封装了因定大小数组容器，可以用来替代传统数组。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/array.html">array文档</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="基本操作">基本操作</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;array&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
array&lt;int, 10&gt; arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
array&lt;int, 1&gt; arr2;
// 用指定值填充数组
arr.fill(100);
// 访问元素 没有边界检查
arr[0] = 111;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr[0] = " &lt;&lt; arr[0] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr[-1] = " &lt;&lt; arr[-1] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr[11] = " &lt;&lt; arr[11] &lt;&lt; endl;
// 访问元素 有边界检查
arr.at(2) = 1234;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr.at(2) = " &lt;&lt; arr.at(2) &lt;&lt; endl;
// cout &lt;&lt; "arr.at(-1) = " &lt;&lt; arr.at(-1) &lt;&lt; endl; // 会报错，终止程序
// cout &lt;&lt; "arr.at(11) = " &lt;&lt; arr.at(11) &lt;&lt; endl; // 会报错，终止程序
// 访问第一个元素
arr.front() = 147852;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr.front() = " &lt;&lt; arr.front() &lt;&lt; endl;
// 访问最后一个元素
arr.back() = 999;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr.back() = " &lt;&lt; arr.back() &lt;&lt; endl;
// 访问底层数组
int *data = arr.data();
for (int i = 0; i &lt; arr.size(); i++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "data[" &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; "] = " &lt;&lt; data[i] &lt;&lt; endl;
}
// 检查是否为空
cout &lt;&lt; boolalpha;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr.empty() = " &lt;&lt; arr.empty() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr2.empty() = " &lt;&lt; arr2.empty() &lt;&lt; endl;
// 大小
cout &lt;&lt; "arr.size() = " &lt;&lt; arr.size() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "arr.max_size() = " &lt;&lt; arr.max_size() &lt;&lt; endl;
// for (int i = 0; i &lt; arr.size(); i++)
// {
// cout &lt;&lt; arr[i] &lt;&lt; "\t";
// }
// C++ 11 之后的range循环
for (auto &amp;a : arr)
{
cout &lt;&lt; a &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="迭代器-1">迭代器</h3>
<p>遍历</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;array&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
array&lt;int, 10&gt; arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
array&lt;int, 1&gt; arr2;
// 普通迭代器
array&lt;int, 10&gt;::iterator iter = arr.begin();
// C++ 11之后可以用auto
// auto iter = arr.begin();
*(iter + 2) = 11111;
for(; iter != arr.end(); iter ++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; *iter &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
// 返回迭代器
array&lt;int, 10&gt;::reverse_iterator riter = arr.rbegin();
for(; riter != arr.rend(); riter++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; *riter &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>访问指针成员</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;array&gt;
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:
const char * name;
int age;
public:
int number;
Person() : Person("", 0, 0) {}
Person(const char *name, int age, int number) : name(name), age(age), number(number) {}
void set(const char *name, int age, int number)
{
this-&gt;name = name;
this-&gt;age = age;
this-&gt;number = number;
}
void sayHello()
{
cout &lt;&lt; "Hello EveryBody" &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "My name is " &lt;&lt; name &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "And I'm " &lt;&lt; age &lt;&lt; " years old." &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "My number is " &lt;&lt; number &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; "\n\n" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
};
int main()
{
// array&lt;Person, 3&gt; persons;
// persons[0].set("Tom", 18, 112211);
// persons[1].set("Jerry", 20, 112212);
// persons[2].set("Lee", 22, 112213);
array&lt;Person, 3&gt; persons = {Person("Tom", 18, 112201), Person("Jerry", 20, 112202), Person("Lee", 22, 112203)};
array&lt;Person, 3&gt;::iterator iter = persons.begin();
for(; iter != persons.end(); iter++)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "NUMBER = " &lt;&lt; iter-&gt;number &lt;&lt; endl;
iter-&gt;sayHello();
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="vector">vector</h2>
<p><code>std::vector</code>是一个动态数组容器，可以在使用时动态修改数组大小。<a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/vector.html">std::array文档</a></p>
<h3 class="atx" id="构造-1">构造</h3>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 无参构造
vector&lt;int&gt; vec1;
// 指定初始大小 用对应类型的0值填充
vector&lt;int&gt; vec2(5);
// 指定初始大小并用指定的值填充
vector&lt;char&gt; vec3(5, 'A');
// 初始化
vector&lt;int&gt; vec4 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
// 用迭代器初始化
vector&lt;int&gt; vec5(vec4.begin(), vec4.end());
// 复制构造
vector&lt;int&gt; vec6(vec5);
// 移动构造
vector&lt;int&gt; vec7(move(vec6));
// 循环
for (auto &amp;v : vec3)
{
cout &lt;&lt; v &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>insert讲解一下内存重新分配的一些知识。</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="就地构造">就地构造</h3>
<p>当<code>std::vector</code>用于存放复合数据类型（结构体、类）时，直接用<code>insert</code>和<code>push_back</code>时，会多次构造和拷贝对应的对象，因此C++ 11以后容器类加入了<code>insert</code>和<code>push_back</code>对应的**就地构造（原位构造）**的插入方法<code>emplace</code>和<code>emplace_back</code>，可以只用构造一次对象，提高性能。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>emplace_back</code>参数直接为对应类的构造函数的参数</li>
<li><code>emplace</code>第一个参数为插入位置，其余参数为对应构造函数的参数</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:
string name;
int age;
int number;
public:
Person() : name("none"), age(0), number(-1)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "Person无参构造调用" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
Person(const string name, int age, int number) : name(name), age(age), number(number)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "Person三参构造调用" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
Person(const Person &amp;person) : name(person.name), age(person.age), number(person.number)
{
cout &lt;&lt; "Person拷贝构造调用" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
Person(Person &amp;&amp;person) : name(move(person.name)), age(move(person.age)), number(move(person.number))
{
cout &lt;&lt; "Person移动构造调用" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
Person&amp; operator = (const Person &amp;other) = default;
Person&amp; operator = (Person &amp;&amp;other) = default;
friend ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (ostream&amp; , const Person&amp; );
};
ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (ostream&amp; out, const Person&amp; person)
{
return out &lt;&lt; "{" &lt;&lt; "name: " &lt;&lt; person.name
&lt;&lt; ", age: " &lt;&lt; person.age
&lt;&lt; ", number: " &lt;&lt; person.number &lt;&lt; "}";
}
int main()
{
vector&lt;Person&gt; vec;
vec.reserve(5);
vec.push_back(Person("张三", 18, 11212));
Person person("李四", 20, 1122);
vec.push_back(person);
vec.emplace_back("王五", 22, 20012);
vec.emplace(vec.begin(), "赵六", 23, 200145);
for(auto &amp;p : vec)
{
cout &lt;&lt; p &lt;&lt; endl;
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="forward_list">forward_list</h2>
<p><code>std::forward_list</code>为单向链表。<a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/forward_list.html">std::forward_list文档</a></p>
<h3 class="atx" id="迭代器示意图">迭代器示意图</h3>
<p><img alt="" src="./img/forward_list_iterator.png"></p>
<p><strong>单向链表迭代器只能做自增，不能与数字相加减，也不能两个迭代器相减。</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="sort---andampandamp---reverse">sort &amp;&amp; reverse</h3>
<p>sort是将链表数据进行升序排序，也可以自定义比较函数。reverse将链表元素进行逆序。</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;forward_list&gt;
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:
string name;
int age;
int number;
public:
Person() : name("none"), age(0), number(-1)
{}
Person(const string name, int age, int number) : name(name), age(age), number(number)
{}
Person(const Person &amp;person) : name(person.name), age(person.age), number(person.number)
{}
Person(Person &amp;&amp;person) : name(move(person.name)), age(move(person.age)), number(move(person.number))
{}
Person&amp; operator = (const Person &amp;other) = default;
Person&amp; operator = (Person &amp;&amp;other) = default;
int GetAge() const { return age; }
friend ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (ostream&amp; , const Person&amp; );
};
ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (ostream&amp; out, const Person&amp; person)
{
return out &lt;&lt; "{" &lt;&lt; "name: " &lt;&lt; person.name
&lt;&lt; ", age: " &lt;&lt; person.age
&lt;&lt; ", number: " &lt;&lt; person.number &lt;&lt; "}";
}
bool comp(const Person &amp;p1, const Person &amp;p2)
{
return p1.GetAge() &lt; p2.GetAge();
}
int main()
{
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls = {5, 6, 2, 3, 1};
// 升序排序
fls.sort();
// 配合reverse可进行降序排序
fls.sort();
fls.reverse();
for (auto &amp;v : fls)
{
cout &lt;&lt; v &lt;&lt; "\t\t";
}
// 对于复合数据类型可自定义排序函数 比如按年龄排序
forward_list&lt;Person&gt; person_list = {{"张三", 22, 2001}, {"李四", 20, 2002}, {"王五", 21, 2003}};
person_list.sort(comp);
// 也可以用lambda表达式
// person_list.sort([](const Person &amp;p1, const Person &amp;p2) { return p1.GetAge() &gt; p2.GetAge(); });
for (auto &amp;vv : person_list)
{
cout &lt;&lt; vv &lt;&lt; "\t\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="merge----andampandamp---splice_after">merge &amp;&amp; splice_after</h3>
<p><code>merge</code>将两个单项链表合并为一个。如果是两个已排好序的链表，则合并后按升序排列。如果两个链表无序，也能合并，但目前我还没找着按什么规则合并。</p>
<p>合并后第二个链表会直接变为空。</p>
<p><code>splice_after</code>将另一个链表的指定范围内的元素转移到本列表指定位置之后。第二个链表未指定范围则为全链表内容。</p>
<p>转移后的元素将不会继续在第二个链表中存在。</p>
<p>示例</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;forward_list&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls = {5, 6, 2, 3, 1};
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls2 = {0, 4, 17, 12, 15,18};
fls.sort();
fls2.sort();
fls2.merge(fls);
for (auto &amp;v : fls2)
{
cout &lt;&lt; v &lt;&lt; "\t\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;forward_list&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls = {5, 6, 2, 3, 1};
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls2 = {11, 14, 25, 30};
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls3(fls2);
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls4 = {100, 200, 300, 400};
// 合并全部
fls.splice_after(fls.begin(), fls3);
// 合并指定位置之后的
auto iter = fls2.begin();
iter ++;
iter ++;
fls.splice_after(fls2.begin(), fls2, iter);
// 指定范围
auto iter2 = fls4.begin();
iter2 ++;
fls.splice_after(fls.begin(), fls4, iter2, fls4.end());
for (auto &amp;vv : fls)
{
cout &lt;&lt; vv &lt;&lt; "\t\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3 class="atx" id="unique---andampandamp---remove----andampandamp---remove_if">unique &amp;&amp; remove &amp;&amp; remove_if</h3>
<p><code>remove</code>移除指定值的元素</p>
<p><code>remove_if</code>移除满足指定条件的元素</p>
<p>示例</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;forward_list&gt;
using namespace std;
// 一个元素返回true时移除对应元素
bool pre(const int &amp;val)
{
return val &gt; 3; // 移除大于3的元素
}
int main()
{
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls = {5, 6, 2, 3, 1};
fls.remove(3);
fls.remove_if(pre);
// 也可以用lambda表达式
fls.remove_if([](const int &amp;val) { return val &gt; 3; });
for (auto &amp;vv : fls)
{
cout &lt;&lt; vv &lt;&lt; "\t\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p><code>unique</code>用于移除相邻重复的元素，只保留一个。不相邻的不影响。也可以自定义两个元素是否相等的比较函数来移除。</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;forward_list&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
forward_list&lt;int&gt; fls = {1, 1, 1, 6, 1, 3, 1};
fls.unique();
fls.unique([](const int &amp;v1, const int &amp;v2) { return v1 == v2; }); // 效果跟上面的一样，可以用这种方式来自定义比较函数
for (auto &amp;vv : fls)
{
cout &lt;&lt; vv &lt;&lt; "\t\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="list">list</h2>
<p><code>std::list</code>为双向链表。<a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/list.html">std::list文档</a></p>
<h2 class="atx" id=""></h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="stack">stack</h2>
<p><img alt="" src="file:///C:/Users/YAN/Desktop/STD/img/stack.png"></p>
<p><code>std::stack</code>为栈，是一种后进先出数据结构。<a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/stack.html">std::stack文档</a></p>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;stack&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
/*
using namespace std;
int main()
{
stack&lt;string&gt; str_stack;
// 入栈， 如果是复合数据结构，用emplace就地构造代替push入栈
str_stack.push("粒粒皆辛苦");
str_stack.push("谁知盘中餐");
str_stack.push("汗滴禾下土");
str_stack.push("锄禾日当午");
// 出栈
while(!str_stack.empty())
{
string str = str_stack.top(); // 先用top获取到栈顶元素
str_stack.pop(); // 弹出栈顶元素
cout &lt;&lt; str &lt;&lt; "--已出栈，感觉良好。栈里还有" &lt;&lt; str_stack.size() &lt;&lt; "个元素" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>课后练习</strong></p>
<p>提供一个字符串，利用栈，判断其中的括号是否匹配。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="queue">queue</h2>
<p><code>std::queue</code>为队列，是一种先进先出数据结构。<a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/queue.html">std::queue文档</a></p>
<p><img alt="" src="./img/queue.png"></p>
<p>示例</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;queue&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
queue&lt;const char *&gt; q;
// 入队，如果是复合数据类型，用emplace就地构造代替push入队
q.push("张三");
q.push("李四");
q.push("王五");
// 出队
while (!q.empty())
{
const char *name = q.front(); // 先获取队首元素
q.pop(); // 将队首元素出队
cout &lt;&lt; name &lt;&lt; "已出队，感觉良好。队里还有" &lt;&lt; q.size() &lt;&lt; "个人" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>课后练习</strong></p>
<p>有余力的同学可以研究一下用队列求解迷宫路径问题。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="deque">deque</h2>
<p><code>std::deque</code>是双端队列，即在队列两端都可以进行操作，也可以进行随机下标访问。其操作基本上与<code>std::vector</code>一样，比<code>std::vector</code>多了在头部进行插入和移除的操作。</p>
<p>一般来说，<code>std::vector</code>用在需要频繁进行随机下标访问的场景，如果需要频繁在头部和尾部进行插入和删除操作，则用<code>std::deque</code>。</p>
<p><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/deque.html">std::deque文档</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="priority_queue">priority_queue</h2>
<p><code>std::priority_queue</code>为优先队列。是一种可以根据优先级的高低确定出队顺序的数据结构。如果是复合数据类型，需要提供比较函数或者重载<kbd>&lt;</kbd>运算符。 </p>
<p><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/container/priority_queue.html">std::priority_queue文档</a></p>
<p>示例</p>
<p><strong>自定义数据类型的比较</strong></p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;queue&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:
int age;
string name;
public:
Person() : Person(0, "") {}
Person(const int age, const string name) : age(age), name(name) {}
int GetAge() const
{
return age;
}
friend ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (ostream&amp; out, const Person&amp; person);
friend bool operator &lt; (const Person &amp;p1, const Person &amp;p2);
};
ostream&amp; operator &lt;&lt; (ostream&amp; out, const Person&amp; person)
{
return out &lt;&lt; "{" &lt;&lt; "name: " &lt;&lt; person.name
&lt;&lt; ", age: " &lt;&lt; person.age &lt;&lt; "}";
}
bool operator &lt; (const Person &amp;p1, const Person &amp;p2)
{
return p1.age &lt; p2.age;
}
int main()
{
priority_queue&lt;Person&gt; q;
q.emplace(60, "Tom");
q.emplace(70, "Jerry");
q.emplace(65, "Lee");
// 出队
while (!q.empty())
{
auto top = q.top(); // 先获取队首元素
q.pop(); // 将队首元素出队
cout &lt;&lt; top &lt;&lt; "\t";
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p><strong>自定义比较器</strong></p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-cpp"><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;queue&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;vector&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span><span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
string name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span><span class="token operator">:</span>
<span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> age<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> string name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token function">age</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">name</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">friend</span> ostream<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ostream<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> out<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> person<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">friend</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> Person <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
ostream<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ostream<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> out<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> person<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> out <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"{"</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"name: "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> person<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name
<span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">", age: "</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> person<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"}"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> Person <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 方式一 模仿less定义比较器</span>
<span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token class-name">Comp</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 方式二 定义普通比较函数</span>
<span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token function">cmp</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">typedef</span> <span class="token keyword">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span>Comp2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// 方式三 通过lambda表达式定义比较函数</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> cmp3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> Person<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> p1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> p2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">GetAge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// priority_queue&lt;Person, vector&lt;Person&gt;, Comp&gt; q;</span>
<span class="token comment">// priority_queue&lt;Person, vector&lt;Person&gt;, bool (*)(const Person&amp; p1, const Person&amp; p2))&gt; q(cmp);</span>
<span class="token comment">// priority_queue&lt;Person, vector&lt;Person&gt;, Comp2&gt; q(cmp3);</span>
priority_queue<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Person<span class="token punctuation">,</span> vector<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>Person<span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">decltype</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cmp3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">q</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cmp3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
q<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">60</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Tom"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
q<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">70</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Jerry"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
q<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">65</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"Lee"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 出队</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>q<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">auto</span> top <span class="token operator">=</span> q<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">top</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 先获取队首元素</span>
q<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 将队首元素出队</span>
cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> top <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">"\t"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2 class="atx" id="set">set</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="multiset">multiset</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="unordered_set">unordered_set</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="unordered_multiset">unordered_multiset</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="map">map</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="multimap">multimap</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="unordered_map">unordered_map</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="unordered_multimap">unordered_multimap</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="span与容器">span与容器</h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="算法">算法</h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="迭代器-2">迭代器</h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="数值操作">数值操作</h1>
<h2 class="atx" id="-1"></h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="随机数">随机数</h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="位操作">位操作</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-cpp"></code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="时间日期">时间日期</h1>
<p>时间点的定义</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">chrono::system_clock::time_point tp = chrono::system_clock::now();
// 等价于
chrono::time_point&lt;chrono::system_clock, chrono::nanoseconds&gt; tp = chrono::system_clock::now();</code></pre>
<p>时间点类型的转换：将纳秒时间点转为秒时间点</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">chrono::time_point&lt;chrono::system_clock, chrono::seconds&gt; tp2 = chrono::time_point_cast&lt;chrono::seconds&gt;(tp);</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="文件系统（filesystem）">文件系统（filesystem）</h1>
<p>C++ 17之后正式引入了filesystem用于遍历操作目录。命名空间为<code>std::filesystem</code>。使用多个命名空间时，不建议都使用<code>using namespace ...</code>的形式，但可以用下面的方式对命名空间进行简化别名：</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">namespace fs = std::filesystem;
fs::path pth = fs::current_path();</code></pre>
<p>如此之后则可以用<code>fs</code>代替命名空间<code>std::filesystem</code>。</p>
<p><a href="cppref/zh/zh/cpp/filesystem.html">filesystem文档</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<p>列出当前目录下所有<code>.cpp</code>文件</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;filesystem&gt;
using namespace std;
namespace fs = std::filesystem;
int main()
{
fs::directory_iterator diter(fs::current_path());
for (const fs::directory_entry &amp;entry : diter)
{
if (entry.path().string().ends_with(".cpp")) // ends_with需要C++ 20才支持
{
cout &lt;&lt; entry.path().string() &lt;&lt; endl;
}
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="正则表达式">正则表达式</h1>
<h2 class="atx" id="regex_match">regex_match</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;regex&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// 是否为有效IP地址
regex re("^((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$");
string str = "192.168.0.256";
cout &lt;&lt; boolalpha &lt;&lt; regex_match(str, re) &lt;&lt; endl;
// 判断是否为有效邮箱地址
regex re2("^[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,}$");
string str2 = "zhangsa@qq.com";
cout &lt;&lt; boolalpha &lt;&lt; regex_match(str2, re2) &lt;&lt; endl;
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="regex_search">regex_search</h2>
<p><code>match_results</code>两种常用特化类型</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">typedef match_results&lt;const char*&gt; cmatch;
typedef match_results&lt;string::const_iterator&gt; smatch;</code></pre>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;regex&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "abc123def456ghi789jkl";
regex re("(\\d)(\\d)(\\d)");
smatch sm;
if (regex_search(str, sm, re))
{
cout &lt;&lt; sm.str() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm.size() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm[0] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm[1] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm[2] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm[3] &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm.prefix() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm.suffix() &lt;&lt; endl;
cout &lt;&lt; sm.position() &lt;&lt; endl;
}
else
{
cout &lt;&lt; "没匹配到" &lt;&lt; endl;
}
while(regex_search(str, sm, re))
{
cout &lt;&lt; sm.str() &lt;&lt; "\t";
str = sm.suffix();
}
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="regex_replace">regex_replace</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;regex&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "abc123def456ghi789jkl";
regex re("\\d{3}");
string str2 = regex_replace(str, re, "*");
cout &lt;&lt; str2 &lt;&lt; endl;
str2 = regex_replace(str, re, "($&amp;)");
cout &lt;&lt; str2 &lt;&lt; endl;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="多线程">多线程</h1>
<h2 class="atx" id="mutex">mutex</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;chrono&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt;
#include &lt;mutex&gt;
using namespace std;
int i = 0;
mutex mtx;
void tf()
{
while (i &lt; 10)
{
mtx.lock();
lock_guard&lt;mutex&gt; lock(mtx);
cout &lt;&lt; "子线程：" &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; endl;
i++;
mtx.unlock();
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
}
int main()
{
thread th(tf);
while (i &lt; 10)
{
mtx.lock();
cout &lt;&lt; "主线程进行中：" &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; endl;
i++;
mtx.unlock();
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
th.join();
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="lock_guard">lock_guard</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;chrono&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt;
#include &lt;mutex&gt;
using namespace std;
int i = 0;
mutex mtx;
void tf()
{
while (i &lt; 10)
{
// mtx.lock();
lock_guard&lt;mutex&gt; lock(mtx);
cout &lt;&lt; "子线程：" &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; endl;
i++;
// mtx.unlock();
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
}
int main()
{
thread th(tf);
while (i &lt; 10)
{
// mtx.lock();
lock_guard&lt;mutex&gt; lock(mtx);
cout &lt;&lt; "主线程进行中：" &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; endl;
i++;
// mtx.unlock();
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(10));
}
th.join();
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="-2"></h2>
<h2 class="atx" id="condition_variable">condition_variable</h2>
<p>多个线程轮流输出数字</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt;
#include &lt;mutex&gt;
#include &lt;condition_variable&gt;
// 创建互斥量和条件变量来进行线程同步
std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
int current_number = 1;
void print_thread(int thread_id, int thread_count) {
for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; ++i) {
// 加锁
std::unique_lock&lt;std::mutex&gt; lock(mtx);
// 等待条件满足
cv.wait(lock, [&amp;] { return (current_number % thread_count) == thread_id; });
// 输出数字
std::cout &lt;&lt; "Thread " &lt;&lt; thread_id &lt;&lt; ": " &lt;&lt; current_number &lt;&lt; std::endl;
// 增加数字并通知其他线程
++current_number;
cv.notify_all();
}
}
int main() {
const int num_threads = 3; // 定义线程数量
// 创建多个线程
std::vector&lt;std::thread&gt; threads;
for (int i = 0; i &lt; num_threads; ++i) {
threads.emplace_back(print_thread, i, num_threads);
}
// 唤醒第一个线程开始输出
cv.notify_all();
// 等待所有线程执行完毕
for (auto&amp; t : threads) {
t.join();
}
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>启动三个线程轮流输出ABC</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt;
#include &lt;mutex&gt;
#include &lt;condition_variable&gt;
using namespace std;
class PrintChar
{
private:
int loop_num;
int index;
mutex mtx;
condition_variable cv;
public:
PrintChar(int loop_num) : loop_num(loop_num), index(0) {}
void A()
{
for (int i = 0; i &lt; loop_num; i++)
{
unique_lock&lt;mutex&gt; ulk(mtx);
cv.wait(ulk, [&amp;]() { return index % 3 == 0; });
cout &lt;&lt; "A";
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(100));
index ++;
cv.notify_all();
}
}
void B()
{
for (int i = 0; i &lt; loop_num; i++)
{
unique_lock&lt;mutex&gt; ulk(mtx);
cv.wait(ulk, [&amp;]() { return index % 3 == 1; });
cout &lt;&lt; "B";
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(100));
index ++;
cv.notify_all();
}
}
void C()
{
for (int i = 0; i &lt; loop_num; i++)
{
unique_lock&lt;mutex&gt; ulk(mtx);
cv.wait(ulk, [&amp;]() { return index % 3 == 2; });
cout &lt;&lt; "C";
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(100));
index ++;
cv.notify_all();
}
}
};
int main()
{
int num = 0;
cout &lt;&lt; "请输入循环次数：" ;
cin &gt;&gt; num;
PrintChar p(num);
thread th1(&amp;PrintChar::A, &amp;p);
thread th2(&amp;PrintChar::B, &amp;p);
thread th3(&amp;PrintChar::C, &amp;p);
th1.join();
th2.join();
th3.join();
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="async">async</h2>
<p>通过async启动并行计算，对比单线程计算时间</p>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;future&gt;
using namespace std;
uint64_t parallel_sum(uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
{
uint64_t sum = 0;
for (uint64_t i = begin; i &lt; end; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
int main()
{
auto t1 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
uint64_t sum = 0;
for (uint64_t i = 0; i &lt; 10000000; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
auto t2 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto t = t2 - t1;
cout &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; endl &lt;&lt; t.count() &lt;&lt; endl;
t1 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto f1 = async(launch::async, parallel_sum, 0, 2000000);
auto f2 = async(launch::async, parallel_sum, 2000000, 4000000);
auto f3 = async(launch::async, parallel_sum, 4000000, 6000000);
auto f4 = async(launch::async, parallel_sum, 6000000, 8000000);
auto f5 = async(launch::async, parallel_sum, 8000000, 10000000);
sum = f1.get() + f2.get() + f3.get() + f4.get() + f5.get();
t2 = chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
t = t2 - t1;
cout &lt;&lt; sum &lt;&lt; endl &lt;&lt; t.count() &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="promise-future">promise future</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt;
#include &lt;future&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;chrono&gt;
using namespace std;
void sumfromto(int start, int end, promise&lt;int&gt; ps)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = start; i &lt;= end; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
ps.set_value(sum);
}
int main()
{
promise&lt;int&gt; ps;
future&lt;int&gt; sum_future = ps.get_future();
thread th(sumfromto, 1, 100, move(ps));
cout &lt;&lt; sum_future.get() &lt;&lt; endl;
th.join();
}</code></pre>
<h2 class="atx" id="原子操作">原子操作</h2>
<pre><code class="fenced-code-block language-c++">#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;chrono&gt;
#include &lt;thread&gt;
#include &lt;mutex&gt;
#include &lt;atomic&gt;
using namespace std;
// int total(0);
atomic_int total(0);
mutex mtx;
void fun()
{
for (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000000; i++)
{
// mtx.lock();
total ++;
total --;
// mtx.unlock();
}
}
int main()
{
auto start = chrono::steady_clock::now();
vector&lt;thread&gt; vec;
for (int i = 0; i &lt; 8; i++)
{
vec.emplace_back(fun);
}
for (int i = 0; i &lt; 8; i++)
{
vec[i].join();
}
cout &lt;&lt; "total = " &lt;&lt; total &lt;&lt; endl;
auto end = chrono::steady_clock::now();
auto dur = chrono::duration_cast&lt;chrono::milliseconds&gt;(end - start);
cout &lt;&lt; dur &lt;&lt; endl;
return 0;
}</code></pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="通用工具库">通用工具库</h1>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="语言支持库">语言支持库</h1>
<h2 class="atx" id="三路比较">三路比较</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">序列类型</th>
<th align="center">特点</th>
<th align="center">举例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">partial_ordering</td>
<td align="center">1. 等价的值不一定完全相等，a等价于b，可能存在函数F，F(a)不等于F(b)<br>2. 存在不能比较的值</td>
<td align="center">1. 0.0和-0.0虽然 等价，但二进制值不同，如果函数F为取两者的二进制值，则F(0.0)和F(-0.0)不相等<br>2. 浮点数当中NaN即为不可比较值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">weak_ordering</td>
<td align="center">1. 等价的值并不一定完全相等。a等价于b，可能存在函数F，F(a)不等于F(b)<br>2. 不存在不能比较的值</td>
<td align="center">以忽略大小写的方式比较"ABC"和"abc"是等价的，但是这并不是完全相同的两个值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">strong_ordering</td>
<td align="center">1. 等价的值完全相等，只要a==b， 就有F(a)==F(b)<br>2. 不存在不能比较的值</td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h1 class="atx" id="其他">其他</h1>
</article>
</body>
</html>
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