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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">eBPF 实践教程：基于 libbpf 和 CO-RE</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../0-introduce/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程一：介绍 eBPF 的基本概念、常见的开发工具</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../1-helloworld/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程二：Hello World，基本框架和开发流程</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../2-kprobe-unlink/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程二：在 eBPF 中使用 kprobe 监测捕获 unlink 系统调用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../3-fentry-unlink/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程三：在 eBPF 中使用 fentry 监测捕获 unlink 系统调用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../4-opensnoop/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程四：在 eBPF 中捕获进程打开文件的系统调用集合，使用全局变量过滤进程 pid</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../5-uprobe-bashreadline/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程五：在 eBPF 中使用 uprobe 捕获 bash 的 readline 函数调用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../6-sigsnoop/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程六：捕获进程发送信号的系统调用集合，使用 hash map 保存状态</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../7-execsnoop/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程七：捕获进程执行/退出时间，通过 perf event array 向用户态打印输出</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../8-exitsnoop/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程八：在 eBPF 中使用 exitsnoop 监控进程退出事件，使用 ring buffer 向用户态打印输出</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../9-runqlat/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程九：一个 Linux 内核 BPF 程序，通过柱状图来总结调度程序运行队列延迟，显示任务等待运行在 CPU 上的时间长度</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../10-hardirqs/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程十：在 eBPF 中使用 hardirqs 或 softirqs 捕获中断事件</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../11-bootstrap/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> eBPF 入门开发实践教程十一：在 eBPF 中使用 bootstrap 开发用户态程序并跟踪 exec() 和 exit() 系统调用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../13-tcpconnlat/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> eBPF入门实践教程：使用 libbpf-bootstrap 开发程序统计 TCP 连接延时</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../13-tcpconnlat/tcpconnlat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程：编写 eBPF 程序 tcpconnlat 测量 tcp 连接延时</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../14-tcpstates/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> eBPF入门实践教程：使用 libbpf-bootstrap 开发程序统计 TCP 连接延时</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../15-tcprtt/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">16.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程：编写 eBPF 程序 Tcprtt 测量 TCP 连接的往返时间</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../16-memleak/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">17.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程：编写 eBPF 程序 Memleak 监控内存泄漏</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../17-biopattern/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">18.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程：编写 eBPF 程序 Biopattern: 统计随机/顺序磁盘 I/O</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../18-further-reading/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">19.</strong> 更多的参考资料</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../19-lsm-connect/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">20.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程：使用 LSM 进行安全检测防御</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../20-tc/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">21.</strong> eBPF 入门实践教程：使用 eBPF 进行 tc 流量控制</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><li class="part-title">bcc 开发者教程</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../bcc-documents/kernel-versions.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">22.</strong> BPF Features by Linux Kernel Version</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../bcc-documents/kernel_config.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">23.</strong> Kernel Configuration for BPF Features</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../bcc-documents/reference_guide.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">24.</strong> bcc Reference Guide</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../bcc-documents/special_filtering.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">25.</strong> Special Filtering</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../bcc-documents/tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">26.</strong> bcc Tutorial</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../bcc-documents/tutorial_bcc_python_developer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">27.</strong> bcc Python Developer Tutorial</a></li></ol>
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<h1 id="ebpf入门实践教程使用-libbpf-bootstrap-开发程序统计-tcp-连接延时"><a class="header" href="#ebpf入门实践教程使用-libbpf-bootstrap-开发程序统计-tcp-连接延时">eBPF入门实践教程：使用 libbpf-bootstrap 开发程序统计 TCP 连接延时</a></h1>
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<h2 id="内核态代码"><a class="header" href="#内核态代码">内核态代码</a></h2>
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<pre><code class="language-c">// SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause)
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/* Copyright (c) 2021 Hengqi Chen */
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#include <vmlinux.h>
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#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
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#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
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#include <bpf/bpf_core_read.h>
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#include "tcpstates.h"
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#define MAX_ENTRIES 10240
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#define AF_INET 2
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#define AF_INET6 10
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const volatile bool filter_by_sport = false;
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const volatile bool filter_by_dport = false;
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const volatile short target_family = 0;
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struct {
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__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
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__uint(max_entries, MAX_ENTRIES);
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__type(key, __u16);
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__type(value, __u16);
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} sports SEC(".maps");
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struct {
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__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
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__uint(max_entries, MAX_ENTRIES);
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__type(key, __u16);
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__type(value, __u16);
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} dports SEC(".maps");
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struct {
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__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
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__uint(max_entries, MAX_ENTRIES);
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__type(key, struct sock *);
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__type(value, __u64);
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} timestamps SEC(".maps");
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struct {
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__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY);
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__uint(key_size, sizeof(__u32));
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__uint(value_size, sizeof(__u32));
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} events SEC(".maps");
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SEC("tracepoint/sock/inet_sock_set_state")
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int handle_set_state(struct trace_event_raw_inet_sock_set_state *ctx)
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{
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struct sock *sk = (struct sock *)ctx->skaddr;
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__u16 family = ctx->family;
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__u16 sport = ctx->sport;
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__u16 dport = ctx->dport;
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__u64 *tsp, delta_us, ts;
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struct event event = {};
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if (ctx->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
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return 0;
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if (target_family && target_family != family)
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return 0;
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if (filter_by_sport && !bpf_map_lookup_elem(&sports, &sport))
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return 0;
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if (filter_by_dport && !bpf_map_lookup_elem(&dports, &dport))
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return 0;
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tsp = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&timestamps, &sk);
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ts = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
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if (!tsp)
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delta_us = 0;
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else
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delta_us = (ts - *tsp) / 1000;
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event.skaddr = (__u64)sk;
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event.ts_us = ts / 1000;
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event.delta_us = delta_us;
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event.pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid() >> 32;
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event.oldstate = ctx->oldstate;
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event.newstate = ctx->newstate;
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event.family = family;
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event.sport = sport;
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event.dport = dport;
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bpf_get_current_comm(&event.task, sizeof(event.task));
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if (family == AF_INET) {
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.saddr, sizeof(event.saddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_rcv_saddr);
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.daddr, sizeof(event.daddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_daddr);
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} else { /* family == AF_INET6 */
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.saddr, sizeof(event.saddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_v6_rcv_saddr.in6_u.u6_addr32);
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.daddr, sizeof(event.daddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_v6_daddr.in6_u.u6_addr32);
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}
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bpf_perf_event_output(ctx, &events, BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU, &event, sizeof(event));
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if (ctx->newstate == TCP_CLOSE)
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bpf_map_delete_elem(&timestamps, &sk);
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else
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bpf_map_update_elem(&timestamps, &sk, &ts, BPF_ANY);
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return 0;
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}
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char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "Dual BSD/GPL";
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</code></pre>
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<p><code>tcpstates</code> 是一个追踪当前系统上的TCP套接字的TCP状态的程序，主要通过跟踪内核跟踪点 <code>inet_sock_set_state</code> 来实现。统计数据通过 <code>perf_event</code>向用户态传输。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c">SEC("tracepoint/sock/inet_sock_set_state")
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int handle_set_state(struct trace_event_raw_inet_sock_set_state *ctx)
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</code></pre>
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<p>在套接字改变状态处附加一个eBPF跟踪函数。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c"> if (ctx->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
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return 0;
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if (target_family && target_family != family)
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return 0;
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if (filter_by_sport && !bpf_map_lookup_elem(&sports, &sport))
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return 0;
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if (filter_by_dport && !bpf_map_lookup_elem(&dports, &dport))
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return 0;
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</code></pre>
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<p>跟踪函数被调用后，先判断当前改变状态的套接字是否满足我们需要的过滤条件，如果不满足则不进行记录。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c"> tsp = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&timestamps, &sk);
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ts = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
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if (!tsp)
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delta_us = 0;
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else
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delta_us = (ts - *tsp) / 1000;
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event.skaddr = (__u64)sk;
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event.ts_us = ts / 1000;
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event.delta_us = delta_us;
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event.pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid() >> 32;
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event.oldstate = ctx->oldstate;
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event.newstate = ctx->newstate;
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event.family = family;
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event.sport = sport;
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event.dport = dport;
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bpf_get_current_comm(&event.task, sizeof(event.task));
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if (family == AF_INET) {
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.saddr, sizeof(event.saddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_rcv_saddr);
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.daddr, sizeof(event.daddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_daddr);
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} else { /* family == AF_INET6 */
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.saddr, sizeof(event.saddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_v6_rcv_saddr.in6_u.u6_addr32);
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bpf_probe_read_kernel(&event.daddr, sizeof(event.daddr), &sk->__sk_common.skc_v6_daddr.in6_u.u6_addr32);
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}
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</code></pre>
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<p>使用状态改变相关填充event结构体。</p>
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<ul>
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<li>此处使用了<code>libbpf</code> 的 CO-RE 支持。</li>
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</ul>
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<pre><code class="language-c"> bpf_perf_event_output(ctx, &events, BPF_F_CURRENT_CPU, &event, sizeof(event));
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</code></pre>
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<p>将事件结构体发送至用户态程序。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-c"> if (ctx->newstate == TCP_CLOSE)
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bpf_map_delete_elem(&timestamps, &sk);
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else
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bpf_map_update_elem(&timestamps, &sk, &ts, BPF_ANY);
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</code></pre>
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||
<p>根据这个TCP链接的新状态，决定是更新下时间戳记录还是不再记录它的时间戳。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="用户态程序"><a class="header" href="#用户态程序">用户态程序</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-c"> while (!exiting) {
|
||
err = perf_buffer__poll(pb, PERF_POLL_TIMEOUT_MS);
|
||
if (err < 0 && err != -EINTR) {
|
||
warn("error polling perf buffer: %s\n", strerror(-err));
|
||
goto cleanup;
|
||
}
|
||
/* reset err to return 0 if exiting */
|
||
err = 0;
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>不停轮询内核程序所发过来的 <code>perf event</code>。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-c">static void handle_event(void* ctx, int cpu, void* data, __u32 data_sz) {
|
||
char ts[32], saddr[26], daddr[26];
|
||
struct event* e = data;
|
||
struct tm* tm;
|
||
int family;
|
||
time_t t;
|
||
|
||
if (emit_timestamp) {
|
||
time(&t);
|
||
tm = localtime(&t);
|
||
strftime(ts, sizeof(ts), "%H:%M:%S", tm);
|
||
printf("%8s ", ts);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
inet_ntop(e->family, &e->saddr, saddr, sizeof(saddr));
|
||
inet_ntop(e->family, &e->daddr, daddr, sizeof(daddr));
|
||
if (wide_output) {
|
||
family = e->family == AF_INET ? 4 : 6;
|
||
printf(
|
||
"%-16llx %-7d %-16s %-2d %-26s %-5d %-26s %-5d %-11s -> %-11s "
|
||
"%.3f\n",
|
||
e->skaddr, e->pid, e->task, family, saddr, e->sport, daddr,
|
||
e->dport, tcp_states[e->oldstate], tcp_states[e->newstate],
|
||
(double)e->delta_us / 1000);
|
||
} else {
|
||
printf(
|
||
"%-16llx %-7d %-10.10s %-15s %-5d %-15s %-5d %-11s -> %-11s %.3f\n",
|
||
e->skaddr, e->pid, e->task, saddr, e->sport, daddr, e->dport,
|
||
tcp_states[e->oldstate], tcp_states[e->newstate],
|
||
(double)e->delta_us / 1000);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
static void handle_lost_events(void* ctx, int cpu, __u64 lost_cnt) {
|
||
warn("lost %llu events on CPU #%d\n", lost_cnt, cpu);
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>收到事件后所调用对应的处理函数并进行输出打印。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="编译运行"><a class="header" href="#编译运行">编译运行</a></h2>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-console">$ make
|
||
...
|
||
BPF .output/tcpstates.bpf.o
|
||
GEN-SKEL .output/tcpstates.skel.h
|
||
CC .output/tcpstates.o
|
||
BINARY tcpstates
|
||
$ sudo ./tcpstates
|
||
SKADDR PID COMM LADDR LPORT RADDR RPORT OLDSTATE -> NEWSTATE MS
|
||
ffff9bf61bb62bc0 164978 node 192.168.88.15 0 52.178.17.2 443 CLOSE -> SYN_SENT 0.000
|
||
ffff9bf61bb62bc0 0 swapper/0 192.168.88.15 41596 52.178.17.2 443 SYN_SENT -> ESTABLISHED 225.794
|
||
ffff9bf61bb62bc0 0 swapper/0 192.168.88.15 41596 52.178.17.2 443 ESTABLISHED -> CLOSE_WAIT 901.454
|
||
ffff9bf61bb62bc0 164978 node 192.168.88.15 41596 52.178.17.2 443 CLOSE_WAIT -> LAST_ACK 0.793
|
||
ffff9bf61bb62bc0 164978 node 192.168.88.15 41596 52.178.17.2 443 LAST_ACK -> LAST_ACK 0.086
|
||
ffff9bf61bb62bc0 228759 kworker/u6 192.168.88.15 41596 52.178.17.2 443 LAST_ACK -> CLOSE 0.193
|
||
ffff9bf6d8ee88c0 229832 redis-serv 0.0.0.0 6379 0.0.0.0 0 CLOSE -> LISTEN 0.000
|
||
ffff9bf6d8ee88c0 229832 redis-serv 0.0.0.0 6379 0.0.0.0 0 LISTEN -> CLOSE 1.763
|
||
ffff9bf7109d6900 88750 node 127.0.0.1 39755 127.0.0.1 50966 ESTABLISHED -> FIN_WAIT1 0.000
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="总结"><a class="header" href="#总结">总结</a></h2>
|
||
<p>这里的代码修改自 <a href="https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/libbpf-tools/tcpstates.bpf.c">https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/libbpf-tools/tcpstates.bpf.c</a></p>
|
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