Content-Type: text/x-zim-wiki Wiki-Format: zim 0.4 Creation-Date: 2011-03-27T19:09:58+08:00 ====== Gnome ====== Created Sunday 27 March 2011 这里记录了关于Gnome的一些小技巧。 Emacs Keybindings in Gnome Once upon a time, Gnome provided a way to enable Emacs-style keyboard shortcuts for editing text fields through the Keyboard Shortcuts preferences dialog. These shortcuts are incredibly useful when editing text in web forms, such as when editing a Wiki. Unfortunately, in trying to simplify the Gnome interface (for better or worse), this option has been removed. Luckily (as of Gnome 2.16.1) it can still be enabled through gconf by running gconf-editor, and changing the /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_key_theme key to Emacs. **查看菜单对应的程序**: 在打开一个菜单程序的前后执行 ps -aux 观察最后输出的变化,即 可判断点击该菜单后所执行的程序 或者打开Main Menu ,点击对应程序,然后点击右侧的Proprity属性按钮,在command中即可看到其对应的程序 可以看到,Main Menu所有的都是launch,扩展名为.desktop **程序快捷方式**位于:/usr/share/applications **系统图标主题**位于/usr/share/icons 内,其下的子目录为各个系统主题,主题文件夹下为各按大小分类的图标,一般安装程序时都会往相应目录放些程序对应的图标如apps子目录存放的是系统的程序对应的图标 **启动程序配置**:gnome-session-properties - Configure what applications to start on login **GNOME配置数据库**: 用命令gconf-editor打开,凡是后缀为.desktop 的程序都从这里读取其配置数据 如:/apps/metacity 可用于设置metacity窗口管理器的所有方面,如:窗口样式、快捷方式、工作区数目,桌面desktop等 可以用/desktop/session 用于设置gnome-session ,default_session字段用于List of applications that are part of the default session.即该session所需启动的程序,默认为gnome-session-daemon __开机时的gnome-session的设置就是从这读取的__ required_component_list 字段 List of components that are required as part of the session. (Each element names a key under "/desktop/gnome/session/required_components"). The Startup Applications preferences tool will not normally allow users to remove a required component from the session, and the session manager will automatically add the required components back to the session at login time if they do get removed.默认的有winidowmanager,panel,filemanager **winidowmanager** The window manager is the program that draws the title bar and borders around windows, and allows you to move and resize windows. **filemanager** The file manager provides the desktop icons and allows you to interact with your saved files. **panel** The panel provides the bar at the top or bottom of the screen containing menus, the window list, status icons, the clock, etc. metacity-window-demo 演示各种窗口 metacity-theme-viewer themename 演示各种主题的性能 用户自己的gconf设置位于~/.config目录,上述的/desktop/session读取的就是该目录的相关文件,但用户的gconf配置错误或混乱时可以将该目录删除,系统会用缺省的配置重新建立该目录。 gnome的**用户菜单设置**文件位于~/.config/menus/applications.menu,**系统缺省配置**位于/etc/xdg/menu/applications.menu 上述文件中的 标签 用于指定菜单项对应的注释和图标, Specifies the name of the directory entry file that specifies the __name, comment, and__ __icon for the menu.__ If this element is not specified, then the element is to be used to display the menu name. By default, .directory files are searched for in the location __$XDG_DATA_DIRS/desktop-directories/__ as set forth in the XDG menu specification. geekard@geekard-laptop:~$ echo $XDG_DATA_DIRS /usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/ geekard@geekard-laptop:~$ 实际位于/usr/share/__desktop-directories目录中,__里面有很多对应与菜单项名的文件,用于设置该菜单的图标 用户的位于~/.local/share/__desktop-directories目录中__ /usr/share/applications 中有许多desktop entry ~/.local/share/applications 中有许多desktop entry 注意:对于desktop entry类型的文件,其实际显示的名字是其内容中name指定的, Each theme has an index file which defines the characteristics of the theme. The name of the index file is __ /usr/share/themes/theme-name/index.theme. __ 大多数程序的图标位于/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps目录下 用户自定义的所有启动程序位于:~/.config/autostart 中,里面保存的都是一些.desktop文件 注意:文件内容中的X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled为false的开机时不启动,为true的启动。 [[~/.local/share/trash中存放的是回收站中的内容]] 开机时的声音是在开机自动启动程序里配置的 __更改gnome默认的windowmanager__从metacity设成xmonad: 1: $ gconftool-2 -t string -s /desktop/gnome/applications/window_manager/current xmonad 2: $ gconftool-2 -t string -s /desktop/gnome/session/required_components/windowmanager xmonad 上面的xmonad为一个可执行程序,可以替换为自己的任何一个窗口管理器。 对于GNOME的__触摸板失效__问题可以在控制面板的“鼠标和触摸板设置”中配置: 触摸板在Gnome下工作不正常(没有触击区域,没有滚动功能等) Gnome不会理会/etc/hal/fdi/policy/11-x11-synaptics.fdi中的设置而是采用了内置于gnome-settings-daemon的鼠标控制插件。 如果您只是需要启用触击,边缘滚动或多点触摸,您可以利用系统->首选项->鼠标->触摸板中的设置工具,但是这样做仍然不能允许您定义触摸板大小,触击区域和触击灵敏度等。 如果您想要调整更多的设定,那么您必须禁用Gnome自带的控制插件,因为它们不能提供进一步的调整选项。禁用后,系统将会读取/etc/hal/fdi/policy/11-x11-synaptics.fdi的选项。 要禁用这个插件,请运行gconf-editor,找到apps/gnome_settings_daemon/plugins/mouse/并且取消“激活”框重启gdm后更改就能生效了。 改变所遇编辑器的键绑定方式:gconftool-2 -s /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_key_theme --type string "Vi"