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72 lines
3.5 KiB
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72 lines
3.5 KiB
Plaintext
Content-Type: text/x-zim-wiki
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Wiki-Format: zim 0.4
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Creation-Date: 2011-12-24T12:54:04+08:00
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====== find ======
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Created Saturday 24 December 2011
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[geekard@geekard ~]$ ls -F .
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bin/ Desktop/ download/ musics/ pictures/ softwares/ tmp/ vms/
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codes/ documents/ dumy.c notes/ ppc/ **test file** video/ www/ #含有空格的文件名
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[geekard@geekard ~]$
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[geekard@geekard ~]$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type f __! -regex__ '^\./\..*'
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./test file
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./dumy.c
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[geekard@geekard ~]$
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[geekard@geekard ~]$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -regex '^\./\..*' |od -co
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0000000 . / t e s t f i l e __\n__ . / d u
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027456 062564 072163 063040 066151 005145 027456 072544
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0000020 m y . c \n
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074555 061456 000012
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0000025
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[geekard@geekard ~]$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -regex '^\./\..*' |xargs__ ls__
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ls: cannot access ./test: No such file or directory
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ls: cannot access file: No such file or directory
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./dumy.c
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[geekard@geekard ~]$
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[geekard@geekard ~]$ find . -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -regex '^\./\..*' __-print0__ |xargs__ -0__ ls
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./dumy.c ./test file
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[geekard@geekard ~]$
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find 默认使用的action是print，它用__换行符分割__找到的每个文件(可能包含有相对路径)。如果把这样的输出传给其它程序如ls，含有空格的文件名就会出错。这是可以使用-print0，它用null来终止每个文件名，加-0 参数的xargs命令可以识别这个null，从而每次__将输入以null分割为单独的字符串__传给后面的程序(xargs默认是以__空白符__为单位将输入传给程序)。
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find 的-print0就是为xargs准备的特殊action.
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使用find是要注意，其命令行语法为：
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[geekard@geekard ~]$ find --help
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Usage: find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D help|tree|search|stat|rates|opt|exec] **[path...] [expression]**
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default path is the** current** directory; default expression is** -print**
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expression may consist of: __operators, options, tests, and actions:__
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operators (decreasing precedence; -and is implicit where no others are given):
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__( EXPR )__ __ ! __EXPR **-not** EXPR EXPR1 -a EXPR2 EXPR1 -and EXPR2
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EXPR1 -o EXPR2 EXPR1 -or EXPR2
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EXPR1 __, __EXPR2 #同时执行这两个test但是，**结果取决于后一个**
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positional options (always true): -daystart -follow -regextype
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normal options (always true, specified before other expressions):
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**-depth** --help **-maxdepth** LEVELS **-mindepth** LEVELS -mount -noleaf
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--version **-xdev** -ignore_readdir_race -noignore_readdir_race
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tests (N can be +N or -N or N): -amin N -anewer FILE -atime N -cmin N
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-cnewer FILE -ctime N -empty -false -fstype TYPE -gid N -group NAME
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-ilname PATTERN -iname PATTERN -inum N -iwholename PATTERN -iregex PATTERN
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-links N -lname PATTERN -mmin N -mtime N -name PATTERN -newer FILE
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-nouser -nogroup -path PATTERN -perm [+-]MODE -regex PATTERN
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-readable -writable -executable
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-wholename PATTERN -size N[bcwkMG] -true -type [bcdpflsD] -uid N
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-used N -user NAME -xtype [bcdpfls]
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actions: -delete -print0 -printf FORMAT -fprintf FILE FORMAT -print
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-fprint0 FILE -fprint FILE -ls -fls FILE -prune -quit
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-exec COMMAND ; -exec COMMAND {} + -ok COMMAND ;
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-execdir COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND {} + -okdir COMMAND ;
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Report (and track progress on fixing) bugs via the findutils bug-reporting
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page at http://savannah.gnu.org/ or, if you have no web access, by sending
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email to <bug-findutils@gnu.org>.
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[geekard@geekard ~]$
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__选项(options)必须要在tests和actions前指定__。
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