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kernel_Notes/Zim/Utils/ip/ip_addr.txt
geekard 5ef7c20052 Add New Notes
2012-08-08 15:17:56 +08:00

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Content-Type: text/x-zim-wiki
Wiki-Format: zim 0.4
Creation-Date: 2012-07-12T14:19:06+08:00
====== ip addr ======
Created Thursday 12 July 2012
==== 1. 查看帮助: ====
[geekard@kb310 man]$ __ip addr help__
Usage: ip addr {add|change|replace} [local] IFADDR dev STRING [ LIFETIME ] #local缺省参数，可以不用指定。
[ CONFFLAG-LIST ]
ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING
ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
[ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX
[ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ]
[ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]
FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG := [ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary |
tentative | deprecated | dadfailed | temporary |
CONFFLAG-LIST ]
CONFFLAG-LIST := [ CONFFLAG-LIST ] CONFFLAG
CONFFLAG := [ home | nodad ]
LIFETIME := [ valid_lft LFT ] [ preferred_lft LFT ]
LFT := forever | SECONDS
[geekard@kb310 man]$
注意: ip addr change|replace命令目前并没有实现，所以不能使用。
2. ==== 查看IP ====
[geekard@kb310 man]$ __ip addr show__
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 255.255.255.255 scope global eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$
==== 3.添加IP ====
为一个接口添加IP地址时，**最好采用PREFIX的形式**，否则ip命令认为该IP的网络号长度是32，这样就不会自动生成广播路由表项。
[geekard@kb310 man]$ __sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.109/24 broadcast 192.168.1.255 dev eth0__
[geekard@kb310 man]$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 255.255.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.109/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global __secondary__ eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$
如果采用ADDR的形式，则**ip将不知道该地址的网络号**，因此不会自动生成广播路由项。
[geekard@kb310 man]$ __sudo ip -s addr add 192.168.3.113 dev eth0; ip addr show__
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.109/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.109/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.3.113/__32__ scope global eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$ ip route show type **broadcast** table __local__
127.0.0.0 dev lo table local proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1
127.255.255.255 dev lo table local proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1
192.168.1.0 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.111
192.168.1.255 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.111
192.168.2.0 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.110
192.168.2.255 dev eth0 table local proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.110
[geekard@kb310 man]$
可见内核并没有自动向local路由表中添加去往192.168.3.0的路由项。另外需要注意的是，ip addr add命令__没有netmask参数__，因此添加IP时最好使用PREFIX形式，例外的情况是__点对点链路(这时peer参数有效)__。
* 一个网络端口可以由多个IP地址，它们可以位于不同的子网中，而且是相互独立的。
* 同个网络端口虽然可以配置多个不同子网的IP，但该端口只能由一个缺省网关，外界只能通过其中一个IP访问当该主机端口。
* 同个网络端口配置多个不同子网的IP，这一般用于TUN/TAP情况。
==== 4.删除IP ====
删除IP时，可以使用两种命令形式：
* ip addr del IFADDR dev STRING
* ip addr {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
[ to PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [ label PATTERN ]
前一种形式使用的是IFADDR，一次只能删除一个IP地址。
后一种形式使用的是to PREFIX，如果PREFIX含有后缀则一次可以删除多个IP，否则只删除单个IP。
[geekard@kb310 man]$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.3.113/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.114/24 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.33/24 scope global secondary eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$ __sudo ip addr del 192.168.2.33/24 dev eth0__;ip addr show #对于ip addr del而言，IP地址带不带后缀的效果都是一样的(不带后缀时会出现警告)。
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.3.113/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.114/24 scope global eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$
[geekard@kb310 man]$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.110/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.3.113/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.113/24 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.114/24 scope global secondary eth0
inet 192.168.2.114/24 scope global secondary eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$ sudo ip -s addr flush dev eth0 to 192.168.1.1/__24__
*** Round 1, deleting 2 addresses *** #删除了两个含有192.168.1前缀的IP地址
*** Flush is complete after 1 round ***
[geekard@kb310 man]$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.110/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.3.113/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.114/24 scope global secondary eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$ sudo ip -s addr flush dev eth0 to 192.168.2.110
*** Round 1, deleting 1 addresses *** #只删除__一个__IP地址
*** Flush is complete after 1 round ***
[geekard@kb310 man]$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 576 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether c8:60:00:8a:db:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.3.113/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.2.114/24 scope global eth0
[geekard@kb310 man]$
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