diff --git a/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/registry.py b/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/registry.py
index b94a0b3f0..56e21adbf 100644
--- a/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/registry.py
+++ b/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/registry.py
@@ -41,11 +41,15 @@ class PluginRegistry:
 
     def plugin_ids(self) -> list[str]:
         """返回保持登记顺序的插件类 ID 快照。"""
-        return list(self._classes)
+        return list(self.classes_snapshot())
 
     def running_ids(self) -> list[str]:
         """返回保持登记顺序的运行实例 ID 快照。"""
-        return list(self._running)
+        return list(self.running_snapshot())
+
+    def classes_snapshot(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """复制插件类表，避免插件重载期间迭代失效。"""
+        return dict(self._classes)
 
     def running_snapshot(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """复制运行实例表，避免插件重载期间迭代失效。"""
diff --git a/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/runtime.py b/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/runtime.py
index b1d780632..dea6d15da 100644
--- a/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/runtime.py
+++ b/app/runtime/extensions/plugin/runtime.py
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ def build_plugin_runtime(
         log=environment.logger,
     )
     catalog = PluginCatalogFacade(
-        classes=lambda: registry.classes,
+        classes=registry.classes_snapshot,
         running=lambda: registry.running,
         storage=environment.storage,
         system=environment.system,
diff --git a/tests/test_plugin_registry.py b/tests/test_plugin_registry.py
index f2a18eab3..5439e8095 100644
--- a/tests/test_plugin_registry.py
+++ b/tests/test_plugin_registry.py
@@ -12,14 +12,20 @@ def test_registry_owns_classes_instances_and_stable_snapshots():
     registry.classes["Demo"] = plugin_class
     registry.running["Demo"] = plugin_instance
 
+    classes_snapshot = registry.classes_snapshot()
     snapshot = registry.running_snapshot()
-    registry.running["Other"] = SimpleNamespace(plugin_name="其它")
 
     assert registry.has_class("Demo")
     assert registry.plugin_class("Demo") is plugin_class
     assert registry.instance("Demo") is plugin_instance
     assert registry.plugin_ids() == ["Demo"]
+    assert registry.running_ids() == ["Demo"]
+
+    registry.classes["Other"] = type("Other", (), {})
+    registry.running["Other"] = SimpleNamespace(plugin_name="其它")
+
     assert registry.running_ids() == ["Demo", "Other"]
+    assert list(classes_snapshot) == ["Demo"]
     assert list(snapshot) == ["Demo"]