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Some Words
=========
## Words List
+ euclidean
> (adj)relating to geometry as developed by Euclid
- euclidean distance
- euclidean geometry
+ zip through
> (v)to go somewhere or do something very quickly
- If you zip through a page in less than an hour, you are probably going too fast.
- A lot of questions zip through his mind.
+ internalize
> (v)if you internalize a particular belief, attitude, behaviour etc, it becomes part of your character
- Over time, she internalized her parents' attitudes.
- You should ponder and internalize each definition.
+ beige
> (adj)a pale brown colour
- The walls are beige.
- Definitions are in beige boxes and theorems are in blue boxes.
+ bestow
> (v)to give someone something of great value or importance
- honours bestowed on him by the Queen
- Bestowing proper credit on all the contributors would be a difficult task that I have not undertaken.
+ in lieu of
> (adv)in place of
- extra time off in lieu of payment
+ preliminary
> (adj)happening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it</br>
(n)something that is said or done first, to introduce or prepare for something else</br>
(n)one of the games in the first part of the competition, when it is decided who will go to the main competition
- a preliminary draft
- After the usual preliminaries, the chairman made his announcement.
- Four teams will be eliminated in the preliminaries.
+ arithmetic
> (n)the science of numbers involving adding, multipying, etc.
- teaching the usual rules of reading, writing and arithmetic.
+ derive
> (v)to get something, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from something</br>
(v)to develop from something else</br>
(v)to get a chemical substance from another substance
- Many students derived enormous satisfaction from the course.
- patterns of behaviour that derive from basic beliefs
- The enzyme is derived from human blood.
+ enzyme
> (n)a chemical substance that is produced in a plant or animal, and helps chemical changes to take place in the plant or animal.
+ commutativity
> (n)In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result.
+ cumbersome
> (adj)A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.</br>
(adj)large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle
- Although the machine looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use.
- and old and cumbersome computer system
+ analogue
> (n)something having the property of being analogous to something else.
+ pentagon
> (n) a flat shape with five sides and five angles
+ hexagon
> (n) a shape with six sides
+ equilateral
> (adj)A shape or a figure that is equilateral has sides that are all the same length.(equi + lateral)
- an equilateral triangle
+ lateral
> (adj)relating to the sides of something, or movement to the side
- He estimated that the lateral movement of the bridge to be between four and six inches.
+ temperate
> (adj)Temperate is used to describe a climate or a place which is never extremely hot or extremely cold.
- The Nile Valley keeps a temperate climate throughout the year.
+ in rude health
>(adv)to be extremely healthy
- To that extent at least, American democracy remains in rude health.
+ desolate
> (adj)A desolate place is empty of people and lacking comfort.</br>
(adj)A desolate person feels sad, lonely and without hope.
- a desolate landscape of flat green fields
- He was desolate without her.
+ whence
> from where
- No one ordered him back whence he came.
+ asylum
> (n)protection given to someone by a government because they escaped from fighting or political trouble in their own country</br>
> (n)a mental hospital
- He has been granted (political) asylum in France.
- He applied for asylum in 1987 after fleeing the police back home.
+ lunatic
> (n) someone who behaves in a crazy or very stupid way -- often used humorously</br>
> (n) a very offensive word for someone who is mentally ill</br>
> (adj)insane and believed to be affected by the phases of moon</br>
- The hotel is run by a lunatic!
- a dangerous lunatic
- lunatic behaviour; lunatic asylum = asylum
+ legislature
> (n)an institution that has the power to make or pass laws
- The proposals before the legislature include the creation of two special courts to deal exclusively with violent crimes.
+ truce
> (n)an agreement between enemies to stop fighting or arguing for a short time, or the period for which this is arranged, ceasefire.
- They agreed to call a truce.
- There was an uneasy truce between Alex and Dave over dinner.
+ animate
> (adj)living</br>
(v)to give life or energy to something
- Natural philosophy involved the study of all aspects of the material world, animate and inanimate.
- Laughter animated his face for a moment.
+ wretched
> (adj)someone who is wretched is very unhappy or ill, and you feel sorry for them</br>
(adj)Someone who feels wretched feels very unhappy</br>
(adj)You use wretched to describe someone or something that you dislike or feel angry with</br>
(adj)extremly bad or unpleasant; miseralbe
- the poor, wretched girl
- I feel really wretched and confused.
- Wretched woman, he thought, why the hell cannot she wait?
- I was shocked to see their wretched living conditions.
+ formidable
> (adj)very powerful or impressive, and often frightening
- The new range of computers have formidable processing power.
- The building is grey, formidalbe, not at all picturesque.
+ picturesque
> (adj)a picturesque place is pretty and interesting in an old-fashioned way.</br>
(adj)picturesque languages uses unusual, interesting, or sometimes rude words to describe something</br>
(n)picturesque things
- a quiet fishing village with a picturesque harbour
- a picturesque account of his trip to New York
- lovers of the picturesque
+ thence
> (adj)from there or following that
- We went to Trieste, and thence by train to Prague.
- the conversion of sunlight into heat and thence into electricity
+ posterity
> (n)all the people in the future who will be alive
- a priceless work of art that must be kept for posterity
+ diligent
> (adj)someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough
- a diligent student
+ skilful
> (adj) = skillful(American)
+ offspring
> (n)a person's children or an animal's young
- Eleanor was now less anxious about her offspring than she had once been.
- a young mother trying to control her offspring
+ approximate
> (adj)close but not exact</br>
(v)to be close to a particular number</br>
(v)to be similar to but not exactly the same as something
- This figure approximates to a quarter of the UK's annual consumption.
- Your story only approximates to the real facts.
+ antecedent
> (n)An antecedent of something happened or existed before it and was similar to it in some ways.
- We shall first look briefly at the historical antecedents of this theory.
+ frugal
> (adj)careful to buy only what is necessary; (oppo)extravagant</br>
> frugality(n)
- He led a remarkably frugal existence.
+ henceforth
> (adv)from this time on
- never to permit the child henceforth to enter his former home
+ sanitary
> (adj)relating to the ways that dirt, infection, and waste are removed, so that places are clean and healthy for people to live in</br>
(adj)clean and not causing any danger to people's health
- Diseases were spread through poor sanitary conditions.
- Often, the camps were not very sanitary.
+ hereditary
> (adj)A hereditary characteristic or illness is passed on to a child from its parents before it is born</br>
(adj)A title or position in society that is hereditary is one that is passed on as a right from parent to child
- a hereditary disease
- The position of the head of the state is hereditary.
+ serf
> (n)In former times, serfs were a class of people who had to work on a particular person's land and could not leave without that person's permission
+ squalor
> (n)the condition of being dirty and unpleasant because of a lack of care or money
- He was out of work and living in squalor.
+ aristocracy
> (n)a class of people in some countries who have a high social rank and special titles.
- a member of the aristocracy
+ rabble
> (n)a noisy crowd of people who seem likely to cause trouble
- a rabble of angry youths
+ destitute
> (adj)having no money, no food, no home, etc</br>
be destitute of sth: to be completely without something
- The floods left many people destitute.
- a man who is destitute of mercy
+ sedition
> (n)speech, writing, or actions intended to encourage people to disobey a government
- Government officials charged him with sedition.
+ ordinance
> (n)a law, usually of a city or town, that forbids or restricts an activity
- a city ordinance that says park must be closed at 11 p.m.
- a wise ordinance of Nature
+ wax
> (v)to become larger, more powerful, etc
- The moon is waxing.
+ wane
> (v)If something wanes, it becomes gradually weaker or less, often so that it eventually disappears.
- My enthusiasm for the project was waning.
- Interest in the show has waxed and waned.
+ perish
> (v)to die, especially in a terrible or sudden way.
- Hundreds perished when the ship went down.
- Most of the butterflies perish in the first frosts of autumn.
+ annals
> (n, pl)in the annals of sth, means in the whole history of sth
- one of the most unusual cases in the annals of crime
- He has become a legend in the annals of military history.
+ mentor
> (n)an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person</br>
(v)to give someone help and advice over a period of time, especially help and advice related to their job
- Leon Sullivan was my mentor and my friend.
- He had mentored scores of younger doctors.
## 8th, Sep
+ genome
> (n)all the genes in one type of living thing
- the human genome
+ kin
> (n)your relatives
+ kinship
> (n)a family relationship</br>
(n)a strong connection between people
- The ties of kinship may have helped the young man find his way in life.
- She evidently felt a sense of kinship with the woman.
+ befriend
> (v)to behave in a friendly way towards someone, especially someone who is younger or needs help
- They befriended me when I first arrived in London as a student.
- The film's about an elderly woman and a young nurse who befriends her.
+ ancestry
> (n)the members of your family who lived a long time ago
- Her mother is of German ancestry.
- Helen's family can trace their ancestry back to the 1700s.
+ ethnic
> (adj)relating to a particular race, nation, or tribe and their customs and traditions.</br>
(adj)cooking, fashion etc from countries that are far away, which seems very different and unusual.
- The school teaches pupils from different ethnic groups.
- ethnic music, a magnificent range of ethnic fabrics
+ see
> (v)make sure that something is done
- See that you take care of her.
+ disrupt
> (v)to prevent something from continuing in its usual way by causing problems
- Climate change could disrupt the agricultural economy.
- Anti-war protestors disrupted the debate.
+ disruptive
> (adj)causing problems and preventing something from continuing in its usual way.
- way to handle disruptive pupils
- Alcohol can produce violence, disruptive behaviour.
+ pick pace
> (v)pick up speed
- Pick up the pace, guys - we are late.
## 9th, Sep
+ abdicate
> (v)to give up the position of begin king or queen</br>
(v)to refuse to be responsible for something, when you should be or were before
- The king was forced to abdicate the throne.
- The government has largely abdicated its responsibility in dealing with housing needs.
+ the writing is on the wall
> mean that there are clear signs that something will fail or no longer exist
- The writing is on the wall for the local football club: bankruptcy seems certain.
+ monarch
> (n)a king or queen
- He was an absolute monarch.(arbitrary king)
+ monarchy
> (n)a system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen.</br>
(n)a country that has a monarch
- a serious debate about the future of the monarchy
- Britain is a constitutional monarchy
+ polarize
> (v)to divide into clear separate groups with opposite beliefs, ideas, or opinions, or to make people do this
- The issue has polarized the country.
- As the car rental industry polarizes, business will go to the bigger companies.
+ transcendence
> (n)the quality of being able to go beyond normal limits or boundaries
- The Arab-American Society promotes the transcendence of racial and religious differences.
+ infest
> (v)if insects, rats etc infest a place, there are a lot of them and they usually cause damage</br>
(v)if things or people you do not want infest a place, there are too many of them
- The prison is infested with rats.
- Crime and drugs are infesting the inner cities.
- an area infested with holiday homes
+ downside
> (n)The downside of a situation is the aspect of it which is less positive, pleasant, or useful than its other aspects.
- The downside of this approach is a lack of clear leadership.
## 10th, Sep
+ symbolic
> (adj)Something that is symbolic of a person or thing is regarded or used as a symbol of them.
- Yellow clothes are worn as symbolic of spring.
- Today's fighting is symbolic of the chaos which the country is facing.
+ embody
> (v)to be a very good example of an idea or quality, represent.
- She embodies everything I admire in a teacher.
+ strive
> (v)to make a great effort to achieve something
- We must continue to strive for greater efficiency.
- He strives hard to keep himself very fit.
+ intrusive
> (adj)affecting someone's private life or interrupting them in an unwanted and annoying way.
- They found the television cameras too intrusive.
+ embodiment
> (n)someone or sth that represents or is very typical of an idea of quality.
- He is the embodiment of evil.
- A baby is the embodiment of vulnerability.
+ sweeping
> (adj)affecting many things, or making an important difference to something.</br>
(adj)sweeping statement: a statement etc that is too general and that does not consider all the facts.
- They want to make sweeping changes to education policies.
- sweeping generalizations about women drivers.
+ reckless
> (adj)not caring or worrying about the possible bad or dangerous results of your action.
- He was accused of causing death by reckless driving.
- a reckless disregard for safety
- He ran into the burning house with reckless abandon(= without caring about the danger).
+ discern
> (v)to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully</br>
> (v)to be able to see something, but not clearly
- Officials are keen to discern how much public support there was.
- We could just discern a town in the distance.
+ lame
> (adj)unable to walk properly because your leg or foot is injured or weak.</br>
> (n)people who are lame</br>
> (adj)a lame excuse or explanation is weak and difficult to believe.
- She gave some lame excuse about missing the bus.
- "Lovely house!"I said lamely.
+ scrutiny
> (n)careful and thorough examination of someone or something.
- His private life came under media scrutiny.
- Careful scrutiny of the company's accounts revealed a whole series of errors.
+ dearth
> (n)a situation in which there are very few of something that people want or need.
- a dearth of job opportunties.
- Construction had slowed because of a dearth of labourers.
+ collective
> (adj)shared or made by every member of a group or society.</br>
> (n)A collective is a business or farm which is run, and often owned, by a group of people.
- a collective decision made by all board members.
- our collective responsiblity for the environment
+ morale
> (n)the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together, who belong to the same team etc.
- The media feels pressure to keep the morale of the country up in war time.
- low staff morale
- A win is always good for morale.
+ moral
> (n)principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong behaviour.</br>
> (adj)relating to beliefs about what is right or wrong.
- If we accept that certain babies should be allowed to die, we place doctors in a moral dilemma.
- the corruption of public morals
+ ethical
> (adj)relating to principles of what is right and wrong, moral.</br>
> (adj)morally good or correct
- The use of animals in scientific tests raised difficult ethical questions.
- I don't think it's echical for you to accept a job you know you can't do.
+ doctrine
> (n)a set of beliefs that form an important part of a religion or system of ideas.</br>
> (n)a formal statement by a government about its future plans
- traditional doctrine of divine power
- the Marxist doctrine about perpetual revolution
- the announcement of the Truman Doctrine
## 11th, Sep
+ cockroach
> (n)(also roach)a large black or brown insect that lives in dirty houses, especially if they are warm and there is food to eat.
+ idiom
> (n)a group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate words. For example, 'under the weather' is an idiom meaning 'ill'.
- familiar idioms and metaphors, such as 'turning over a new leaf'
+ ethnicity
> (n)the state or fact of belonging to a particular ethnic group.
- He said his ethnicity had not been important to him.
+ discourse
> (n)a serious speech or piece of writing on a particular subject</br>
> (n)serious conversation or discussion between people
- a discourse on art
- Candidates should engage in serious political discourse.
- "I do not know."And thus ended their discourse.
+ assimilation
> (n)the process of understanding and using new ideas.</br>
> (n)the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group.
- The assimilation of ethnic Germans in the US was accelerated by the two world wars.
- Poor assimilation of vitamins and nutrients can cause health problems.
+ mouthpiece
> (n)the part of a musical instrument, telephone etc that you put in your mouth or next to your mouth.</br>
> (n)a person, newspaper etc that expresses the opinions of a government or a political organization.
- He shouted into the mouthpiece.
- This newspaper is just a Republican mouthpiece.
+ literacy
> (n)the state of being able to read and write
- a new adult literacy campaign
- Many adults have problems with literacy and numeracy.
+ ascribe
> (v)to claim that something is caused by a particular person, situation etc.</br>
> (v)to claim that something has been written, said, made etc by a particular person
- The report ascribes the rise in childhood asthma to the increase in pollution.
- a quotation that's often been ascribed to Marilyn Monroe
## 13th, Sep
+ upfront
> (adj)behaving or talking in an honest way so that people know what you really think, honest.</br>
> (adj)paid before any work has been done or before goods are supplied.</br>
> (adv)in the beginning
- Mo's very upfront with him about their relationship.
- an upfront fee of 500 dollars
- Every consumer should know upfront what it is going to cost them.
+ eligible
> (adj)some who is eligible for sth is able or allowed to do it, for example, because they are the right age.</br>
> (adj)an eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.
- Almost half the population are eligible to vote in today's election.
- Students on a part-time course are not eligible for a loan.
- Stephen was regarded as an eligible bachelor.
+ treasury
> (n)a government department that controls the money that the country collects and spends.</br>
> (n)a place in a castle, church, palace etc where money or valuable objects are kept.
- a senior official at the Treasury
+ exchequer
> (n)the British government department that is responsible for collecting taxes and paying out public money, the Treasury.
- The industry claims it contributes to the Irish exchequer because it generates employment and wealth.
+ chancellor
> (n)a person in a position of the highest or high rank, especially in a government or university
- A former politician has been appointed Chancellor of the university.
- Helmut Kohl, the former German Chancellor
## 14th, Sep
+ roundabout
> (n)a raised circular area where three or more roads join together and which cars must drive around.</br>
> (adj)a roundabout way of getting somewhere is longer and more complicated than necessary.</br>
> (adj)a roundabout way of saying something is not clear, direct or simple.
- Turn left at the first roundabout.
- It was a roundabout way of telling us to leave.
- The bus took a very long and roundabout route.
+ workout
> (n)a period of physical exercise, especially as training for a sport.
- a daily workout in the gym
- Give your upper body a workout by using handweights.
+ genre
> (n)a particular type of art, writing, music etc, which has certain features that all examples of this type share
- a new genre of film-making
- his love of films and novels in the horror genre
+ fluctuate
> (v)if a price or amount fluctuates, it keeps changing and becoming higher and lower.
- Insect populations fluctuate wildly from year to year.
- Prices were volatile, fluctuating between 20 and 40.
+ bar
> (n)all lawyers considered as a group, or the profession of law.
- sit for the bar: take part in the bar examination
- she was admitted to the bar in her early thirties.
- Less than a quarter of graduates from the law school pass the bar exam on the first try.
+ guild
> (n)an organization of people who do the same job or have the same interests.
- the Women's Guild
- the Writers' Guild of America
+ hindrance
> (n)something or someone that makes it difficult for you to do something.</br>
> (n)the act of making it difficult for someone to do something
- The higher rates have been a hindrance to economic recovery.
- The floods have been a major hindrance to relief efforts.
- Visitors are allowed to wander without hindrance.
+ lucrative
> (adj)a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money, profitable.
- He inherited a lucrative business from his father.
- Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms.
+ upstart
> (n)someone who behaves as it they were more important than they really are and who shows a lack of respect towards people who are more experienced and or older.
- Many prefer a familiar authority figure to a yound upstart.
+ status quo
> (n)the present situation
- Certain people always want to maintain the status quo.
+ lone
> (adj)used to talk about the only person or thing in a place, or the only person or thing that does something.
- the lone survivor of the shipwreck
- A lone figure was standing at the bus stop.
+ outgrow
> (v)to grow too big for something</br>
> (v)to no longer do or enjoy something that you used to, because you have grown older and changed
- They outgrew their clothes so quickly.
- Most children eventually outgrow a tendency towards travel sickness.
+ liberal
> (adj)willing to understand and respect other people's ideas, opinions, and feelings.</br>
> (adj)allowing people or organizations a lot of political or economic freedom</br>
> (adj)giving, using, or taking a lot of something, or existing in large quantities
- I had quite liberal parents.
- a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system
- As always he is liberal with jokes.
- Chemical products were used liberally over agricultural land.
+ critical
> (adj)if you are critical, you criticize someone or something.
- Many economists are highly critical of the government's economic policies.
- Many parents are strongly critical of the school.
+ contemptuous
> (adj)showing that you think someone or something deserves no respect.
- a contemptuous glance
- He's openly contemptuous of all the major political parties.
+ set back
> (v)if something sets you back or sets back a project or plan, it causes a delay.
- It has set us back in so many aspects that I'm not sure how long it will take for us to catch up.
+ citizenry
> (n)all the citizens in a particular town, country, or state.
- The country's citizenry is(are) more politically aware than in the past.
+ propaganda
> (n)information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them.
- the government propaganda machine
- the spreading of political propaganda
## 18th, Sep
+ sift
> (v)to put flour, sugar etc through a sieve or similar container in order to remove large pieces.</br>
> (v)to examine information, documents etc carefully in order to find something out or decide what is important and what is not.
- Sift the flour and baking powder into a medium-sized mixing bowl.
- Police are sifting through the evidence.
- It' hard to sift out the truth from the lies in this case.
+ ornate
> (adj)covered with a lot of decoration
- an ornate gold mirror
- an ornate iron staircase
+ tentative
> (adj)not definite or certain, and may be changed later.</br>
> (adj)done without confidence, hesitant
- I passed on my tentative conclusions to the police.
- The government is taking tentative steps towards tackling the country's economic problems.
- Albi knocked tentatively and entered.
+ semaphore
> (n)a system of sending messages using two flags, which you hold in different positions to represent letters and numbers
## 19th, Sep
+ glitch
> (n)a small fault in a machine or piece of equipment, that stops it working
- a software glitch
- Manufacturing glitches have limited the factory's output.
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